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Cao Y, Yang J, Li N, Zhang R, Jiang L, Zhou X, Xiang Y, Cun J, Qiao E. Detection and complete genome sequence analysis of human adenovirus in children with acute diarrhea in Yunnan, China, 2015-2021. Arch Virol 2024; 169:34. [PMID: 38263334 PMCID: PMC10805858 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05950-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to determine the distribution and prevalence of gastroenteritis caused by human adenovirus (HAdV) in children in Yunnan province, China, in 2015-2021 and to identify preventive measures that can be taken to reduce morbidity and mortality in children.HAdV is a significant agent of diarrhea in children, but limited data are available regarding the epidemiology and genetic diversity of HAdV in children with diarrhea in Yunnan province, China. A total of 1754 fecal samples were subjected to real-time RT-PCR to detect and quantify HAdV. Positive samples were further analyzed using next-generation sequencing (NGS), and epidemiological data were analyzed as well.1754 patients with diarrhea were enrolled, of which 1041 were male and 713 were female (M:F ratio: 1.46). Seventy-two stool samples out of 1754 (4.10%) were positive for HAdV. The detection rates of all age groups varied from 2.50-4.78%. The highest incidence of HAdV was observed in children under 2 years of age, especially in children 12-24 months-old. From 2015-2021, the annual detection rate ranged from 1.62-12.26%. HAdV was detected throughout the year, but with marked seasonality. Children were most likely to be positive for HAdV in June and November. We detected HAdV in 15.53% (16/103) of samples collected in June and in 8.19% (14/171) of those collected in November. The entire viral genome was successfully sequenced for 13 of the 72 HAdV-positive samples, and 76.92% (10/13) of these were classified as genotype F41 and 23.08% (3/13) were classified as genotype C2.ConclusionsIn Yunnan province, children of all ages are susceptible to HAdV infection, but there has been marked variation in the yearly prevalence. The highest rate of HAdV detection was in June, followed by November. Priority should be given to disease prevention over the development of targeted antiviral therapies, and effective vaccines for preventing HAdV diarrhea are needed. It is also important to establish a surveillance system to collect relevant clinical and epidemiological data quickly in order to assess the potential risk of HAdV infection in children and to identify epidemic strains for the development of effective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Cao
- Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, 650022, China
| | - Jinghui Yang
- The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Nan Li
- Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, 650022, China
| | - Ruixian Zhang
- The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, 650022, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhou
- Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, 650022, China
| | - Yibin Xiang
- Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, 650022, China
| | - Jianping Cun
- Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, 650022, China.
| | - Enfa Qiao
- Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, 650022, China.
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2
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Grand RJ. Pathogenicity and virulence of human adenovirus F41: Possible links to severe hepatitis in children. Virulence 2023; 14:2242544. [PMID: 37543996 PMCID: PMC10405776 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2242544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 100 human adenoviruses (HAdVs) have been isolated and allocated to seven species, A-G. Species F comprises two members-HAdV-F40 and HAdV-F41. As their primary site of infection is the gastrointestinal tract they have been termed, with species A, enteric adenoviruses. HAdV-F40 and HAdV-F41 are a common cause of gastroenteritis and diarrhoea in children. Partly because of difficulties in propagating the viruses in the laboratory, due to their restrictions on growth in many cell lines, our knowledge of the properties of individual viral proteins is limited. However, the structure of HAdV-F41 has recently been determined by cryo-electron microscopy. The overall structure is similar to those of HAdV-C5 and HAdV-D26 although with some differences. The sequence and arrangement of the hexon hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) and the arrangement of the C-terminal region of protein IX differ. Variations in the penton base and hexon HVR1 may play a role in facilitating infection of intestinal cells by HAdV-F41. A unique feature of HAdV-F40 and F41, among human adenoviruses, is the presence and expression of two fibre genes, giving long and short fibre proteins. This may also contribute to the tropism of these viruses. HAdV-F41 has been linked to a recent outbreak of severe acute hepatitis "of unknown origin" in young children. Further investigation has shown a very high prevalence of adeno-associated virus-2 in the liver and/or plasma of some cohorts of patients. These observations have proved controversial as HAdV-F41 had not been reported to infect the liver and AAV-2 has generally been considered harmless.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger J. Grand
- Institute for Cancer and Genomic Science, the Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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3
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Blanco R, Alcalá AC, Fernández R, Ramírez V, Rosales RE, Páez MG, Alemán H, González R, Zerpa J, Maldonado AJ, Vizzi E. Molecular characterization of human adenovirus causing infantile acute gastroenteritis in Venezuela before and after rotavirus vaccine implementation. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 107:116056. [PMID: 37683387 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.116056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdV) of species F are commonly involved in pediatric acute gastroenteritis (AGE). The real impact on Venezuelan health is unknown. To investigate the prevalence and molecular diversity of HAdV in Venezuela, 630 fecal samples collected from children with AGE in 3 cities, from 2001 to 2013, were tested by PCR. Species F and types F40/41 were identified by REA. HAdV was detected in 123 cases (19.5%), most from outpatient females under 24 months old. A progressive and substantial increase in the detection rate was observed over time, significantly higher in rotavirus vaccinated than unvaccinated children (28.4% vs. 9.5%, P = 0.00019). Phylogenetic analysis of 28 randomly selected genomes showed high similarity among HAdV-F40/41 and those worldwide. HAdV-F of type 41 prevailed (79.8%) and clustered into 2 intratypic major clades. The significant involvement of HAdV-F41 in AGE suggests the importance of actively monitoring viral agents other than rotavirus, especially after vaccine introduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Blanco
- Laboratorio de Biología de Virus, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular (CMBC), Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Ana C Alcalá
- MU Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA; Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
| | - Rixio Fernández
- Laboratorio de Biología de Virus, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular (CMBC), Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Viviana Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Biología de Virus, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular (CMBC), Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Rita E Rosales
- Laboratorio de Biología de Virus, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular (CMBC), Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - María G Páez
- Laboratorio de Biología de Virus, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular (CMBC), Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Héctor Alemán
- Laboratorio de Biología de Virus, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular (CMBC), Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Rosabel González
- Sección de Enfermedades Entéricas, Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina, Dr. Jacinto Convit, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - José Zerpa
- Laboratorio de Virología, Postgrado en Biología Aplicada, Universidad de Oriente, Núcleo de Sucre, Cumaná, Venezuela
| | - Antonio J Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Virología, Postgrado en Biología Aplicada, Universidad de Oriente, Núcleo de Sucre, Cumaná, Venezuela
| | - Esmeralda Vizzi
- Laboratorio de Biología de Virus, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular (CMBC), Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela.
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4
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Becker M, Conca DV, Dorma N, Mistry N, Hahlin E, Frängsmyr L, Bally M, Arnberg N, Gerold G. Efficient clathrin-mediated entry of enteric adenoviruses in human duodenal cells. J Virol 2023; 97:e0077023. [PMID: 37823645 PMCID: PMC10617564 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00770-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Enteric adenoviruses have historically been difficult to grow in cell culture, which has resulted in lack of knowledge of host factors and pathways required for infection of these medically relevant viruses. Previous studies in non-intestinal cell lines showed slow infection kinetics and generated comparatively low virus yields compared to other adenovirus types. We suggest duodenum-derived HuTu80 cells as a superior cell line for studies to complement efforts using complex intestinal tissue models. We show that viral host cell factors required for virus entry differ between cell lines from distinct origins and demonstrate the importance of clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Becker
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dario Valter Conca
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Noemi Dorma
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nitesh Mistry
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Elin Hahlin
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Frängsmyr
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marta Bally
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Niklas Arnberg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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5
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Mitchell MM, Leng Y, Boppana S, Britt WJ, Gutierrez Sanchez LH, Elledge SJ. Signatures of AAV-2 immunity are enriched in children with severe acute hepatitis of unknown etiology. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadh9917. [PMID: 37494473 PMCID: PMC10501808 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adh9917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute hepatitis of unknown etiology in children is under investigation in 35 countries. Although several potential etiologic agents have been investigated, a clear cause for the liver damage observed in these cases remains to be identified. Using VirScan, a high-throughput antibody profiling technology, we probed the antibody repertoires of nine cases of severe acute hepatitis of unknown etiology treated at Children's of Alabama and compared their antibody responses with 38 pediatric and 470 adult controls. We report increased adeno-associated dependoparvovirus A (AAV-A) breadth in cases relative to controls and adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV-2) peptide responses that were conserved in seven of nine cases but rarely observed in pediatric and adult controls. These findings suggest that AAV-2 is a likely etiologic agent of severe acute hepatitis of unknown etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moriah M. Mitchell
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Systems, Synthetic, and Quantitative Biology, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yumei Leng
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Suresh Boppana
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - William J. Britt
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Luz Helena Gutierrez Sanchez
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatitis, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Stephen J. Elledge
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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6
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Joshi MS, Sukirti V, Chavan NA, Walimbe AM, Potdar VA, Vipat VC, Lavania M, Gopalkrishna V. Enteric and non-enteric adenoviruses in children with acute gastroenteritis in Western India. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023:105454. [PMID: 37257799 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are the viral agents responsible for a wide spectrum of acute and chronic diseases. HAdVs are the most important etiological agents of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) and are identified as the major contributor to the deaths of diarrheal children globally. The significant rise in HAdV infections in rotavirus-vaccinated children documented in multiple studies demands continuous monitoring of HAdV strains. After the inclusion of rotavirus vaccines in the immunization schedule of India, public health research regarding prevalence, etiology, and risk factors is highly necessary for evidence-based policies and their implementation to sustain diarrhea prevention programs. In the present study, children admitted for AGE between 2013 and 2016 in seven different hospitals in Maharashtra and Gujrat states of Western India were subjected for investigation. HAdVs were found in 5.2% of the fecal specimens with the dominance of species-F (52.4%) strains, followed by the occurrence of non-enteric adenoviruses of species A (17.4%), C (11.4%), B (8.2%), and D (3.2%). The species-F strains were predominant in Ahmadabad (78.5%), Mumbai (61.5%), and Surat (57.1%) cities, followed by species-A strains. In Pune city, species B strains were detected in all HAdV patients, with none of the species A strains. Clinically, patients infected with enteric and non-enteric HAdV strains were indistinguishable. However, a high viral load was observed in species-F specimens as compared to non-species-F. The present study on fecal specimens collected in the pre-rotavirus vaccination era from hospitalized AGE patients will be important for future comparative analysis to know the exact impact of vaccination in children of Western India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri S Joshi
- Enteric Viruses Group, ICMR- National Institute of Virology, Pune, India.
| | - Vedula Sukirti
- Enteric Viruses Group, ICMR- National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Nutan A Chavan
- Enteric Viruses Group, ICMR- National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Atul M Walimbe
- Enteric Viruses Group, ICMR- National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Varsha A Potdar
- Enteric Viruses Group, ICMR- National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Veena C Vipat
- Enteric Viruses Group, ICMR- National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Mallika Lavania
- Enteric Viruses Group, ICMR- National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
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7
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Wang S, Liang B, Wang W, Li L, Feng N, Zhao Y, Wang T, Yan F, Yang S, Xia X. Viral vectored vaccines: design, development, preventive and therapeutic applications in human diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:149. [PMID: 37029123 PMCID: PMC10081433 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human diseases, particularly infectious diseases and cancers, pose unprecedented challenges to public health security and the global economy. The development and distribution of novel prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines are the prioritized countermeasures of human disease. Among all vaccine platforms, viral vector vaccines offer distinguished advantages and represent prominent choices for pathogens that have hampered control efforts based on conventional vaccine approaches. Currently, viral vector vaccines remain one of the best strategies for induction of robust humoral and cellular immunity against human diseases. Numerous viruses of different families and origins, including vesicular stomatitis virus, rabies virus, parainfluenza virus, measles virus, Newcastle disease virus, influenza virus, adenovirus and poxvirus, are deemed to be prominent viral vectors that differ in structural characteristics, design strategy, antigen presentation capability, immunogenicity and protective efficacy. This review summarized the overall profile of the design strategies, progress in advance and steps taken to address barriers to the deployment of these viral vector vaccines, simultaneously highlighting their potential for mucosal delivery, therapeutic application in cancer as well as other key aspects concerning the rational application of these viral vector vaccines. Appropriate and accurate technological advances in viral vector vaccines would consolidate their position as a leading approach to accelerate breakthroughs in novel vaccines and facilitate a rapid response to public health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Liang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Weiqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ling Li
- China National Research Center for Exotic Animal Diseases, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Na Feng
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yongkun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Feihu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.
| | - Songtao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.
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8
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Martín-González N, Gómez-González A, Hernando-Pérez M, Bauer M, Greber UF, San Martín C, de Pablo PJ. Adenovirus core protein V reinforces the capsid and enhances genome release from disrupted particles. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade9910. [PMID: 37027464 PMCID: PMC10081844 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade9910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Out of the three core proteins in human adenovirus, protein V is believed to connect the inner capsid surface to the outer genome layer. Here, we explored mechanical properties and in vitro disassembly of particles lacking protein V (Ad5-ΔV). Ad5-ΔV particles were softer and less brittle than the wild-type ones (Ad5-wt), but they were more prone to release pentons under mechanical fatigue. In Ad5-ΔV, core components did not readily diffuse out of partially disrupted capsids, and the core appeared more condensed than in Ad5-wt. These observations suggest that instead of condensing the genome, protein V antagonizes the condensing action of the other core proteins. Protein V provides mechanical reinforcement and facilitates genome release by keeping DNA connected to capsid fragments that detach during disruption. This scenario is in line with the location of protein V in the virion and its role in Ad5 cell entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Martín-González
- Departament of Condensed Matter Physics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Institute of Condensed Matter Physics (IFIMAC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Gómez-González
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mercedes Hernando-Pérez
- Department of Macromolecular Structures, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Urs F. Greber
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carmen San Martín
- Department of Macromolecular Structures, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro J. de Pablo
- Departament of Condensed Matter Physics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Institute of Condensed Matter Physics (IFIMAC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
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9
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Lambisia AW, Makori TO, Mutunga M, Cheruiyot R, Murunga N, Quick J, Githinji G, Nokes DJ, Houldcroft CJ, Agoti CN. Genomic epidemiology of human adenovirus F40 and F41 in coastal Kenya: A retrospective hospital-based surveillance study (2013-2022). Virus Evol 2023; 9:vead023. [PMID: 37066020 PMCID: PMC10091489 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vead023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Human enteric adenovirus species F (HAdV-F) is a leading cause of childhood diarrhoeal deaths. The genomic analysis would be key to understanding transmission dynamics, potential drivers of disease severity, and vaccine development. However, currently, there are limited HAdV-F genomic data globally. Here, we sequenced and analysed HAdV-F from stool samples collected in coastal Kenya between 2013 and 2022. The samples were collected at Kilifi County Hospital in coastal Kenya from children <13 years of age who reported a history of three or more loose stools in the previous 24 hours. The genomes were analysed together with the data from the rest of the world by phylogenetic analysis and mutational profiling. Types and lineages were assigned based on phylogenetic clustering consistent with the previously described criteria and nomenclature. Participant clinical and demographic data were linked to genotypic data. Of ninety-one cases identified using real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, eighty-eight near-complete genomes were assembled, and these were classified into HAdV-F40 (n = 41) and HAdV-F41 (n = 47). These types co-circulated throughout the study period. Three and four distinct lineages were observed for HAdV-F40 (Lineages 1-3) and HAdV-F41 (Lineages 1, 2A, 3A, 3C, and 3D). Types F40 and F41 coinfections were observed in five samples and F41 and B7 in one sample. Two children with F40 and 41 coinfections were also infected with rotavirus and had moderate and severe diseases as defined using the Vesikari Scoring System, respectively. Intratypic recombination was found in four HAdV-F40 sequences occurring between Lineages 1 and 3. None of the HAdV-F41 cases had jaundice. This study provides evidence of extensive genetic diversity, coinfections, and recombination within HAdV-F40 in a rural coastal Kenya that will inform public health policy, vaccine development that includes the locally circulating lineages, and molecular diagnostic assay development. We recommend future comprehensive studies elucidating on HAdV-F genetic diversity and immunity for rational vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold W Lambisia
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, PO Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Timothy O Makori
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, PO Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Martin Mutunga
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, PO Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Robinson Cheruiyot
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, PO Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Nickson Murunga
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, PO Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Joshua Quick
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - George Githinji
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, PO Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pwani University, PO Box 195-80108, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - D James Nokes
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, PO Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya
- School of Life Sciences and Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research (SBIDER), University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - Charles N Agoti
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, PO Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya
- School of Public Health, Pwani University, PO Box 195-80108, Kilifi, Kenya
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10
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Dos Santos DRL, Silva-Sales M, Fumian TM, Maranhão AG, Malta FC, Ferreira FC, Pimenta MM, Miagostovich MP. Investigation of Human and Animal Viruses in Water Matrices from a Rural Area in Southeastern Region of Brazil and Their Potential Use as Microbial Source-Tracking Markers. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2023; 15:21-31. [PMID: 36629977 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-022-09544-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the sources of contamination of water matrices in a rural area using detection of a host-specific virus (human adenovirus [HAdV], porcine adenovirus [PAdV] and bovine polyomaviruses [BoPyV]) as potential microbial source-tracking tool, and rotavirus A [RVA], given its epidemiological importance in Brazil. From July 2017 to June 2018, 92 samples were collected from eight points (P1-P8) of surface and raw waters in southeastern region of Brazil. Fifty-five (59.8%) were positive for HAdV, 41 (44.5%) for RVA, 10 (10.9%) for PAdV and four (4.3%) for BoPyV. HAdV and RVA were detected at all sites, and over the entire sampling period, PAdV was detected at a porcine breeding area and at Guarda River site, presenting high concentrations up to 2.6 × 109 genome copies per liter [GC/L], and viral concentrations ranging from 9.6 × 101 to 7.1 × 107, while BoPyV (1.5 × 104 GC/L-9.2 × 105 GC/L) was only detected in samples from the bovine breeding areas. The combination of human and animal virus circulation presents a potential impact in the environment due to raw sewage discharge from regional communities, as well as potential hazard to human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Regina Lopes Dos Santos
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Universidade Federal Rural Do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Marcelle Silva-Sales
- Institute of Public Health and Tropical Pathology, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Tulio Machado Fumian
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana Gonçalves Maranhão
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fábio Correia Malta
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando César Ferreira
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia Maria Pimenta
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marize Pereira Miagostovich
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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11
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MacNeil KM, Dodge MJ, Evans AM, Tessier TM, Weinberg JB, Mymryk JS. Adenoviruses in medicine: innocuous pathogen, predator, or partner. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:4-19. [PMID: 36336610 PMCID: PMC9742145 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The consequences of human adenovirus (HAdV) infections are generally mild. However, despite the perception that HAdVs are harmless, infections can cause severe disease in certain individuals, including newborns, the immunocompromised, and those with pre-existing conditions, including respiratory or cardiac disease. In addition, HAdV outbreaks remain relatively common events and the recent emergence of more pathogenic genomic variants of various genotypes has been well documented. Coupled with evidence of zoonotic transmission, interspecies recombination, and the lack of approved AdV antivirals or widely available vaccines, HAdVs remain a threat to public health. At the same time, the detailed understanding of AdV biology garnered over nearly 7 decades of study has made this group of viruses a molecular workhorse for vaccine and gene therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn M MacNeil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mackenzie J Dodge
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Andris M Evans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Tanner M Tessier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jason B Weinberg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Joe S Mymryk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.
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12
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Cavadas J, Parreira R, Leonardo I, Barreto Crespo MT, Nunes M. Mastadenovirus Molecular Diversity in Waste and Environmental Waters from the Lisbon Metropolitan Area. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122443. [PMID: 36557697 PMCID: PMC9783802 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In face of the absence of epidemiological data regarding the circulation of human adenoviruses (HAdV) in Portugal, this study aimed at the evaluation of their molecular diversity in waste and environmental waters in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA). Using samples collected between 2018 and 2021, the HAdV hexon protein-coding sequence was partially amplified using three nested touch-down PCR protocols. The amplification products obtained were analyzed in parallel by two approaches: molecular cloning followed by Sanger sequencing and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) using Illumina® sequencing. The analysis of NGS-generated data allowed the identification of a higher diversity of HAdV-A (19%), -B (1%), -C (3%), -D (24%), and -F (25%) viral types, along with murine adenovirus (MAdV-2; 30%) in the wastewater treatment plant samples. On the other hand, HAdV-A (19%), -D (32%), and -F (36%) were identified in environmental samples, and possibly MAdV-2 (14%). These results demonstrate the presence of fecal contamination in environmental waters and the assessment of the diversity of this virus provides important information regarding the distribution of HAdV in LMA, including the detection of HAdV-F41, the most frequently reported in water worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Cavadas
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Parreira
- Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (NOVA), Rua da Junqueira No. 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM) Research Centre, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês Leonardo
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Barreto Crespo
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Mónica Nunes
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-21-750-0006 (ext. 20134)
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13
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Engineered Oncolytic Adenoviruses: An Emerging Approach for Cancer Therapy. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101146. [PMID: 36297203 PMCID: PMC9608483 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is among the major leading causes of mortality globally, and chemotherapy is currently one of the most effective cancer therapies. Unfortunately, chemotherapy is invariably accompanied by dose-dependent cytotoxic side effects. Recently, genetically engineered adenoviruses emerged as an alternative gene therapy approach targeting cancers. This review focuses on the characteristics of genetically modified adenovirus and oncology clinical studies using adenovirus-mediated gene therapy strategies. In addition, modulation of the tumor biology and the tumor microenvironment as well as the immunological responses associated with adenovirus-mediate cancer therapy are discussed.
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14
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Greber UF, Suomalainen M. Adenovirus entry: Stability, uncoating, and nuclear import. Mol Microbiol 2022; 118:309-320. [PMID: 35434852 PMCID: PMC9790413 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviruses (AdVs) are widespread in vertebrates. They infect the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, the eyes, heart, liver, and kidney, and are lethal to immunosuppressed people. Mastadenoviruses infecting mammals comprise several hundred different types, and many specifically infect humans. Human adenoviruses are the most widely used vectors in clinical applications, including cancer treatment and COVID-19 vaccination. AdV vectors are physically and genetically stable and generally safe in humans. The particles have an icosahedral coat and a nucleoprotein core with a DNA genome. We describe the concept of AdV cell entry and highlight recent advances in cytoplasmic transport, uncoating, and nuclear import of the viral DNA. We highlight a recently discovered "linchpin" function of the virion protein V ensuring cytoplasmic particle stability, which is relaxed at the nuclear pore complex by cues from the E3 ubiquitin ligase Mind bomb 1 (MIB1) and the proteasome triggering disruption. Capsid disruption by kinesin motor proteins and microtubules exposes the linchpin and renders protein V a target for MIB1 ubiquitination, which dissociates V from viral DNA and enhances DNA nuclear import. These advances uncover mechanisms controlling capsid stability and premature uncoating and provide insight into nuclear transport of nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urs F. Greber
- Department of Molecular Life SciencesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Maarit Suomalainen
- Department of Molecular Life SciencesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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15
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Kelgeri C, Couper M, Gupte GL, Brant A, Patel M, Johansen L, Valamparampil J, Ong E, Hartog H, Perera MTPR, Mirza D, van Mourik I, Sharif K, Hartley J. Clinical Spectrum of Children with Acute Hepatitis of Unknown Cause. N Engl J Med 2022; 387:611-619. [PMID: 35830627 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2206704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since January 2022, there has been an increase in reports of cases of acute hepatitis of unknown cause in children. Although cases have been reported across multiple continents, most have been reported in the United Kingdom. Investigations are ongoing to identify the causative agent or agents. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study involving children referred to a single pediatric liver-transplantation center in the United Kingdom between January 1 and April 11, 2022. These children were 10 years of age or younger and had hepatitis that met the case definition of the U.K. Health Security Agency for confirmed acute hepatitis that was not hepatitis A through E and did not have a metabolic, inherited or genetic, congenital, or mechanical cause, in the context of a serum aminotransferase level greater than 500 IU per liter. We reviewed medical records and documented demographic characteristics, clinical features, and results of liver biochemical, serologic, and molecular tests for hepatotropic and other viruses, as well as radiologic and clinical outcomes. The outcomes were classified as an improving condition, liver transplantation, or death. RESULTS A total of 44 children had hepatitis that met the confirmed case definition, and most were previously healthy. The median age was 4 years (range, 1 to 7). Common presenting features were jaundice (in 93% of the children), vomiting (in 54%), and diarrhea (in 32%). Among the 30 patients who underwent molecular testing for human adenovirus, 27 (90%) were positive. Fulminant liver failure developed in 6 patients (14%), all of whom received a liver transplant. None of the patients died. All the children, including the 6 who received liver transplants, were discharged home. CONCLUSIONS In this series involving 44 young children with acute hepatitis of uncertain cause, human adenovirus was isolated in most of the children, but its role in the pathogenesis of this illness has not been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayarani Kelgeri
- From the Liver Unit, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust (C.K., M.C., G.L.G., A.B., L.J., J.V., E.O., H.H., M.T.P.R.P., D.M., I.V.M., K.S., J.H., M.P.), the Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, University of Birmingham (D.M.), and the Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (H.H., M.T.P.R.P., D.M.) - all in Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Couper
- From the Liver Unit, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust (C.K., M.C., G.L.G., A.B., L.J., J.V., E.O., H.H., M.T.P.R.P., D.M., I.V.M., K.S., J.H., M.P.), the Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, University of Birmingham (D.M.), and the Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (H.H., M.T.P.R.P., D.M.) - all in Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Girish L Gupte
- From the Liver Unit, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust (C.K., M.C., G.L.G., A.B., L.J., J.V., E.O., H.H., M.T.P.R.P., D.M., I.V.M., K.S., J.H., M.P.), the Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, University of Birmingham (D.M.), and the Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (H.H., M.T.P.R.P., D.M.) - all in Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Brant
- From the Liver Unit, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust (C.K., M.C., G.L.G., A.B., L.J., J.V., E.O., H.H., M.T.P.R.P., D.M., I.V.M., K.S., J.H., M.P.), the Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, University of Birmingham (D.M.), and the Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (H.H., M.T.P.R.P., D.M.) - all in Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mitul Patel
- From the Liver Unit, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust (C.K., M.C., G.L.G., A.B., L.J., J.V., E.O., H.H., M.T.P.R.P., D.M., I.V.M., K.S., J.H., M.P.), the Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, University of Birmingham (D.M.), and the Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (H.H., M.T.P.R.P., D.M.) - all in Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren Johansen
- From the Liver Unit, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust (C.K., M.C., G.L.G., A.B., L.J., J.V., E.O., H.H., M.T.P.R.P., D.M., I.V.M., K.S., J.H., M.P.), the Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, University of Birmingham (D.M.), and the Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (H.H., M.T.P.R.P., D.M.) - all in Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Valamparampil
- From the Liver Unit, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust (C.K., M.C., G.L.G., A.B., L.J., J.V., E.O., H.H., M.T.P.R.P., D.M., I.V.M., K.S., J.H., M.P.), the Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, University of Birmingham (D.M.), and the Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (H.H., M.T.P.R.P., D.M.) - all in Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Evelyn Ong
- From the Liver Unit, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust (C.K., M.C., G.L.G., A.B., L.J., J.V., E.O., H.H., M.T.P.R.P., D.M., I.V.M., K.S., J.H., M.P.), the Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, University of Birmingham (D.M.), and the Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (H.H., M.T.P.R.P., D.M.) - all in Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Hermien Hartog
- From the Liver Unit, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust (C.K., M.C., G.L.G., A.B., L.J., J.V., E.O., H.H., M.T.P.R.P., D.M., I.V.M., K.S., J.H., M.P.), the Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, University of Birmingham (D.M.), and the Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (H.H., M.T.P.R.P., D.M.) - all in Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M T P R Perera
- From the Liver Unit, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust (C.K., M.C., G.L.G., A.B., L.J., J.V., E.O., H.H., M.T.P.R.P., D.M., I.V.M., K.S., J.H., M.P.), the Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, University of Birmingham (D.M.), and the Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (H.H., M.T.P.R.P., D.M.) - all in Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Darius Mirza
- From the Liver Unit, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust (C.K., M.C., G.L.G., A.B., L.J., J.V., E.O., H.H., M.T.P.R.P., D.M., I.V.M., K.S., J.H., M.P.), the Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, University of Birmingham (D.M.), and the Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (H.H., M.T.P.R.P., D.M.) - all in Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Indra van Mourik
- From the Liver Unit, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust (C.K., M.C., G.L.G., A.B., L.J., J.V., E.O., H.H., M.T.P.R.P., D.M., I.V.M., K.S., J.H., M.P.), the Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, University of Birmingham (D.M.), and the Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (H.H., M.T.P.R.P., D.M.) - all in Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Khalid Sharif
- From the Liver Unit, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust (C.K., M.C., G.L.G., A.B., L.J., J.V., E.O., H.H., M.T.P.R.P., D.M., I.V.M., K.S., J.H., M.P.), the Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, University of Birmingham (D.M.), and the Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (H.H., M.T.P.R.P., D.M.) - all in Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Hartley
- From the Liver Unit, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust (C.K., M.C., G.L.G., A.B., L.J., J.V., E.O., H.H., M.T.P.R.P., D.M., I.V.M., K.S., J.H., M.P.), the Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, University of Birmingham (D.M.), and the Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (H.H., M.T.P.R.P., D.M.) - all in Birmingham, United Kingdom
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Saul J Karpen
- From the Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta - both in Atlanta
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17
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Elsheikh R, Tien HT, Makram AM, Van NT, Le TTB, Vasanthakumaran T, Huy NT. Acute hepatitis of unknown origin in children: Behind the statistics. Hepatology 2022; 77:2118-2127. [PMID: 35862247 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Since April 2022, the world has been witnessing a rapidly spreading outbreak of acute hepatitis of unknown origin in children < 16 years old that has affected several countries around the world. Most of the cases have presented with the clinical picture of severe hepatitis that has led to resorting to liver transplantation in several cases. Despite the numerous theories that have been suggested on the possible underlying etiologies of the outbreak, an association with hepatitis A-E viruses and a link to COVID-19 vaccines have been excluded. Adenovirus serotype 41 has been detected in numerous cases, which makes it the most likely underlying cause of the disease. Nevertheless, other hypotheses are being investigated to justify the severity of the clinical picture, which is not typical of this type of virus. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge about the outbreak, highlight the suggested working hypotheses, and report the public health measures undertaken to tackle the outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randa Elsheikh
- Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt.,Online Research Club, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hoang Thuy Tien
- Online Research Club, Nagasaki, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Da Nang University of Medical Technology and Pharmacy, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Abdelrahman M Makram
- Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt.,Online Research Club, Nagasaki, Japan.,School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nguyen Thanh Van
- Online Research Club, Nagasaki, Japan.,Global Clinical Scholars Research Training, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Trang Thi Bich Le
- Online Research Club, Nagasaki, Japan.,University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tamilarasy Vasanthakumaran
- Online Research Club, Nagasaki, Japan.,Global Clinical Scholars Research Training, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nguyen Tien Huy
- Online Research Club, Nagasaki, Japan.,School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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18
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Human enteric adenovirus F40/41 as a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in children in Brazil, 2018 to 2020. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11220. [PMID: 35780169 PMCID: PMC9250496 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15413-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus (HAdV) types F40/41 have long been recognized as major viral agents of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children. Despite this, studies on HAdV molecular epidemiology are sparse, and their real impact is likely under-estimated. Thus, our goal was to investigate HAdV incidence, enteric and non-enteric types circulation, co-detections with rotavirus and norovirus and DNA shedding in stool samples from inpatients and outpatients from eleven Brazilian states. During the three-year study, 1012 AGE stool samples were analysed by TaqMan-based qPCR, to detect and quantify HAdV. Positive samples were genotyped by partial sequencing of the hexon gene followed by phylogenetic analysis. Co-detections were accessed by screening for rotavirus and norovirus. Overall, we detected HAdV in 24.5% of single-detected samples (n = 248), with a prevalence of type F41 (35.8%). We observed a higher incidence in children between 6 to 24 months, without marked seasonality. Additionally, we observed a statistically higher median viral load among single-detections between enteric and non-enteric types and a significantly lower HAdV viral load compared to rotavirus and norovirus in co-detections (p < 0.0001). Our study contributes to the knowledge of HAdV epidemiology and reinforces the need for the inclusion of enteric types F40/41 in molecular surveillance programs.
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19
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Paraskevis D, Papatheodoridis G, Sypsa V, Sfikakis P, Tsiodras S, Zaoutis T. A Proposed Etiology for an Aberrant Response to Enteric Adenovirus Infection in Previously SARS-CoV-2-Infected Children With Acute Hepatitis. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2022; 11:352-353. [PMID: 35674694 PMCID: PMC9384245 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piac053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Paraskevis
- Corresponding Author: Dimitrios Paraskevis, PhD, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece. E-mail:
| | - Georgios Papatheodoridis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens “Laiko”, Athens, Greece
| | - Vana Sypsa
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Sfikakis
- Joint Rheumatology Program, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios Tsiodras
- Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theoklis Zaoutis
- National Public Health Organization, Athens, Greece,Second Department of Paediatrics, “P. & A. Kyriakou” Children’s Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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20
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Zhang Z, Jiang S, Wang X, Dong T, Wang Y, Li D, Gao X, Qu Z, Li Y. A novel enhanced substrate for label-free detection of SARS-CoV-2 based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2022; 359:131568. [PMID: 35185297 PMCID: PMC8839800 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2022.131568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Accurate and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 is an effective strategy for preventing the COVID-19 pandemic in the current absence of specific drug therapy. This study presents a novel enhanced substrate for label-free detection of respiratory viruses using surface-enhanced Raman Scattering. Sodium borohydride reduces silver ions to clustered silver nanoparticles to eliminate the disorganized peak signal of the traditional citrate reducing agent. Meanwhile, the study obtained the fingerprints and concentration-dependent curves of many respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, human adenovirus type 7, and H1N1 virus, with good linear relationships. The three viruses were also identified in serum and saliva within two minutes, combined with linear discriminant diagnostic analysis. Therefore, establishing this enhanced substrate is greatly valuable for the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road No. 157, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, China
- College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road No. 157, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, China
- Research Center for Innovative Technology of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Baojian Road No. 157, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China
| | - Shen Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road No. 157, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, China
- Research Center for Innovative Technology of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Baojian Road No. 157, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road No. 157, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, China
- Research Center for Innovative Technology of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Baojian Road No. 157, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China
| | - Tuo Dong
- College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road No. 157, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road No. 157, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, China
- Research Center for Innovative Technology of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Baojian Road No. 157, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China
| | - Dan Li
- Institute of Physics, Guizhou University, South Section of Huaxi Avenue No. 2708, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Institute of Physics, Guizhou University, South Section of Huaxi Avenue No. 2708, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, China
| | - Zhangyi Qu
- College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road No. 157, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road No. 157, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, China
- Research Center for Innovative Technology of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Baojian Road No. 157, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China
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21
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An Unusual Aspartic Acid Cluster in the Reovirus Attachment Fiber σ1 Mediates Stability at Low pH and Preserves Trimeric Organization. J Virol 2022; 96:e0033122. [PMID: 35380459 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00331-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The reovirus attachment protein σ1 mediates cell attachment and receptor binding and is thought to undergo conformational changes during viral disassembly. σ1 is a trimeric filamentous protein with an α-helical coiled-coil tail, a triple-β-spiral body, and a globular head. At the trimer interface, the head domain features an unusual and conserved aspartic acid cluster, which forms the only significant intratrimer interactions in the head and must be protonated to allow trimer formation. To define the role of pH on σ1 stability and conformation, we tested its domains over a wide range of pH values. We show that all domains of σ1 are remarkably thermostable, even at the low pH of the stomach. We determined the optimal pH for stability to be between pHs 5 and 6, a value close to the pH of the endosome and of the jejunum. The σ1 head is stable at acidic and neutral pH but detrimerizes at basic pH. When Asp345 in the aspartic acid cluster is mutated to asparagine (D345N), the σ1 head loses stability at low pH and is more prone to detrimerize. Although the D345N mutation does not affect σ1 binding affinity for the JAM-A receptor, the overall binding stoichiometry is reduced by one-third. The additional replacement of the neighboring His349 with alanine disrupts inner trimer surface interactions, leading to a less thermostable and monomeric σ1 D345N head that fails to bind the JAM-A receptor. When the body is expressed together with the head domain, the thermostability is restored and the stoichiometry of the binding to JAM-A receptor is preserved. Our results confirm a fundamental role of the aspartic acid cluster as a pH-dependent molecular switch controlling trimerization and enhancing thermostability of σ1, which represent essential requirements to accomplish reovirus infection and entry and might be common mechanisms among other enteric viruses. IMPORTANCE Enteric viruses withstand the highly acidic environment of the stomach during transmission, and many of them use low pH as a trigger for conformational changes associated with entry. For many nonenveloped viruses, the structural basis of these effects is not clear. We have investigated the stability of the reovirus attachment protein σ1 over a range of pHs and find it to be remarkably thermostable, especially at low pH. We identify a role for the aspartic acid cluster in maintaining σ1 thermostability, trimeric organization, and binding to JAM-A receptor especially at the gastric pH reovirus has to withstand while passing the stomach. The understanding of monomer-trimer dynamics within σ1 enhances our knowledge of reovirus entry and has implications for stability and transmission of other enteric viruses.
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22
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Michelon W, Zuchi IDP, Reis JG, Matthiensen A, Viancelli A, da Cruz ACC, Silva IT, Fongaro G, Soares HM. Virucidal activity of microalgae extracts harvested during phycoremediation of swine wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:28565-28571. [PMID: 34988790 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17912-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phycoremediation of swine wastewater is a promising treatment since it efficiently removes nutrients and contaminants and, simultaneously, its biomass can be harvested and used to obtain a wide range of valuable compounds and metabolites. In this context, biomass microalgae were investigated for the phycoremediation of swine wastewater, and biomass extracts for its virucidal effect against enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. Microalgae were cultivated in a pilot scale bioreactor fed with swine wastewater as the growth substrate. Hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol were used to obtain the microalgae extracts. Extracts were tested for virucidal potential against HSV-1 and HAdV-5. Virucidal assays were conducted at temperatures that emulate environmental conditions (21 °C) and body temperature (37 °C). The maximum production of microalgae biomass reached a concentration of 318.5 ± 23.6 mgDW L-1. The results showed that phycoremediation removed 100% of ammonia-N and phosphate-P, with rates (k1) of 0.218 ± 0.013 and 0.501 ± 0.038 (day-1), respectively. All microalgae extract reduced 100% of the infectious capacity of HSV-1. The microalgae extracts with dichloromethane and methanol showed inhibition activities at the lowest concentration (3.125 µg mL-1). Virucidal assays against HAdV-5 using microalgae extract of hexane and methanol inhibited the infectious capacity of the virus by 70% at all concentrations tested at 37 °C. At a concentration of 12.5 µg mL-1, the dichloromethane microalgae extract reduced 50-80% of the infectious capacity of HAdV-5, also at 37 °C. Overall, the results suggest that the microalgae can be an attractive source of feedstock biomass for the exploration of alternative virucidal compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Michelon
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, 88040-700, Brazil.
- Universidade do Contestado, Victor Sopelsa, Concórdia, SC, 3000, 89711-330, Brazil.
| | - Isabella Dai Pra Zuchi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Laboratory of Applied Virology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, 88040-700, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Graff Reis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Laboratory of Applied Virology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, 88040-700, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Viancelli
- Universidade do Contestado, Victor Sopelsa, Concórdia, SC, 3000, 89711-330, Brazil
| | - Ariadne Cristiane Cabral da Cruz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Laboratory of Applied Virology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, 88040-700, Brazil
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Izabella Thaís Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Laboratory of Applied Virology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, 88040-700, Brazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, 88040-970, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Fongaro
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Laboratory of Applied Virology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, 88040-700, Brazil
| | - Hugo Moreira Soares
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, 88040-700, Brazil
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23
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Reddy VS, Yu X, Barry MA. Refined Capsid Structure of Human Adenovirus D26 at 3.4 Å Resolution. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020414. [PMID: 35216007 PMCID: PMC8878492 DOI: 10.3390/v14020414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Various adenoviruses are being used as viral vectors for the generation of vaccines against chronic and emerging diseases (e.g., AIDS, COVID-19). Here, we report the improved capsid structure for one of these vectors, human adenovirus D26 (HAdV-D26), at 3.4 Å resolution, by reprocessing the previous cryo-electron microscopy dataset and obtaining a refined model. In addition to overall improvements in the model, the highlights of the structure include (1) locating a segment of the processed peptide of VIII that was previously believed to be released from the mature virions, (2) reorientation of the helical appendage domain (APD) of IIIa situated underneath the vertex region relative to its counterpart observed in the cleavage defective (ts1) mutant of HAdV-C5 that resulted in the loss of interactions between the APD and hexon bases, and (3) the revised conformation of the cleaved N-terminal segments of pre-protein VI (pVIn), located in the hexon cavities, is highly conserved, with notable stacking interactions between the conserved His13 and Phe18 residues. Taken together, the improved model of HAdV-D26 capsid provides a better understanding of protein–protein interactions in HAdV capsids and facilitates the efforts to modify and/or design adenoviral vectors with altered properties. Last but not least, we provide some insights into clotting factors (e.g., FX and PF4) binding to AdV vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay S Reddy
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xiaodi Yu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael A Barry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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24
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Structure of a Cell Entry Defective Human Adenovirus Provides Insights into Precursor Proteins and Capsid Maturation. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167350. [PMID: 34774568 PMCID: PMC8752480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Maturation of adenoviruses is distinguished by proteolytic processing of several interior minor capsid proteins and core proteins by the adenoviral protease and subsequent reorganization of adenovirus core. We report the results derived from the icosahedrally averaged cryo-EM structure of a cell entry defective form of adenovirus, designated ts1, at a resolution of 3.7 Å as well as of the localized reconstructions of unique hexons and penton base. The virion structure revealed the structures and organization of precursors of minor capsid proteins, pIIIa, pVI and pVIII, which are closely associated with the hexons on the capsid interior. In addition to a well-ordered helical domain (a.a. 310-397) of pIIIa, highlights of the structure include the precursors of VIII display significantly different structures near the cleavage sites. Moreover, we traced residues 4-96 of the membrane lytic protein (pVI) that includes an amphipathic helix occluded deep in the hexon cavity suggesting the possibility of co-assembly of hexons with the precursors of VI. In addition, we observe a second copy of pVI ordered up to residue L40 in the peripentonal hexons and a few fragments of density corresponding to 2nd and 3rd copies of pVI in other hexons. However, we see no evidence of precursors of VII binding in the hexon cavity. These findings suggest the possibility that differently bound pVI molecules undergo processing at the N-terminal cleavage sites at varying efficiencies, subsequently creating competition between the cleaved and uncleaved forms of VI, followed by reorganization, processing, and release of VI molecules from the hexon cavities.
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25
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de Pablo PJ, San Martín C. Seeing and touching adenovirus: complementary approaches for understanding assembly and disassembly of a complex virion. Curr Opin Virol 2021; 52:112-122. [PMID: 34906758 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Understanding adenovirus assembly and disassembly poses many challenges due to the virion complexity. A distinctive feature of adenoviruses is the large amount of virus-encoded proteins packed together with the dsDNA genome. Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures are broadening our understanding of capsid variability along evolution, but little is known about the organization of the non-icosahedral nucleoproteic core and its influence in adenovirus function. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) probes the biomechanics of virus particles, while simultaneously inducing and monitoring their disassembly in real time. Synergistic combination of AFM with EM shows that core proteins play unexpected key roles in maturation and entry, and uncoating dynamics are finely tuned to ensure genome release at the appropriate time and place for successful infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J de Pablo
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and IFIMAC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmen San Martín
- Departamento de Estructura de Macromoléculas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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26
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Acidification induces condensation of the adenovirus core. Acta Biomater 2021; 135:534-542. [PMID: 34407472 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The adenovirus (AdV) icosahedral capsid encloses a nucleoprotein core formed by the dsDNA genome bound to numerous copies of virus-encoded, positively charged proteins. For an efficient delivery of its genome, AdV must undergo a cascade of dismantling events from the plasma membrane to the nuclear pore. Throughout this uncoating process, the virion moves across potentially disruptive environments whose influence in particle stability is poorly understood. In this work we analyze the effect of acidic conditions on AdV particles by exploring their mechanical properties, genome accessibility and capsid disruption. Our results show that under short term acidification the AdV virion becomes softer and its genome less accessible to an intercalating dye, even in the presence of capsid openings. The AFM tip penetrates deeper in virions at neutral pH, and mechanical properties of genome-less particles are not altered upon acidification. Altogether, these results indicate that the main effect of acidification is the compaction of the nucleoproteic core, revealing a previously unknown role for chemical cues in AdV uncoating. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Studying the behavior of virus particles under changing environmental conditions is key to understand cell entry and propagation. One such change is the acidification undergone in certain cell compartments, which is thought to play a role in the programmed uncoating of virus genomes. Mild acidification in the early endosome has been proposed as a trigger signal for human AdV uncoating. However, the actual effect of low pH in AdV stability and entry is not well defined. Understanding the consequences of acidification in AdV structure and stability is also relevant to define storage conditions for therapeutic vectors, or design AdV variants resistant to intestinal conditions for oral administration of vaccines.
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27
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Cryo-EM density maps adjustment for subtraction, consensus and sharpening. J Struct Biol 2021; 213:107780. [PMID: 34469787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2021.107780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM) has emerged as a powerful structural biology instrument to solve near-atomic three-dimensional structures. Despite the fast growth in the number of density maps generated from cryo-EM data, comparison tools among these reconstructions are still lacking. Current proposals to compare cryo-EM data derived volumes perform map subtraction based on adjustment of each volume grey level to the same scale. We present here a more sophisticated way of adjusting the volumes before comparing, which implies adjustment of grey level scale and spectrum energy, but keeping phases intact inside a mask and imposing the results to be strictly positive. The adjustment that we propose leaves the volumes in the same numeric frame, allowing to perform operations among the adjusted volumes in a more reliable way. This adjustment can be a preliminary step for several applications such as comparison through subtraction, map sharpening, or combination of volumes through a consensus that selects the best resolved parts of each input map. Our development might also be used as a sharpening method using an atomic model as a reference. We illustrate the applicability of this algorithm with the reconstructions derived of several experimental examples. This algorithm is implemented in Xmipp software package and its applications are user-friendly accessible through the cryo-EM image processing framework Scipion.
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28
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Adenovirus Structure: What Is New? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105240. [PMID: 34063479 PMCID: PMC8156859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses are large (~950 Å) and complex non-enveloped, dsDNA icosahedral viruses. They have a pseudo-T = 25 triangulation number with at least 12 different proteins composing the virion. These include the major and minor capsid proteins, core proteins, maturation protease, terminal protein, and packaging machinery. Although adenoviruses have been studied for more than 60 years, deciphering their architecture has presented a challenge for structural biology techniques. An outstanding event was the first near-atomic resolution structure of human adenovirus type 5 (HAdV-C5), solved by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) in 2010. Discovery of new adenovirus types, together with methodological advances in structural biology techniques, in particular cryo-EM, has lately produced a considerable amount of new, high-resolution data on the organization of adenoviruses belonging to different species. In spite of these advances, the organization of the non-icosahedral core is still a great unknown. Nevertheless, alternative techniques such as atomic force microscopy (AFM) are providing interesting glimpses on the role of the core proteins in genome condensation and virion stability. Here we summarize the current knowledge on adenovirus structure, with an emphasis on high-resolution structures obtained since 2010.
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29
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Adenovirus - a blueprint for gene delivery. Curr Opin Virol 2021; 48:49-56. [PMID: 33892224 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A central quest in gene therapy and vaccination is to achieve effective and long-lasting gene expression at minimal dosage. Adenovirus vectors are widely used therapeutics and safely deliver genes into many cell types. Adenoviruses evolved to use elaborate trafficking and particle deconstruction processes, and efficient gene expression and progeny formation. Here, we discuss recent insights into how human adenoviruses deliver their double-stranded DNA genome into cell nuclei, and effect lytic cell killing, non-lytic persistent infection or vector gene expression. The mechanisms underlying adenovirus entry, uncoating, nuclear transport and gene expression provide a blueprint for the emerging field of synthetic virology, where artificial virus-like particles are evolved to deliver therapeutic payload into human cells without viral proteins and genomes.
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30
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Marabini R, Condezo GN, Krupovic M, Menéndez-Conejero R, Gómez-Blanco J, San Martín C. Near-atomic structure of an atadenovirus reveals a conserved capsid-binding motif and intergenera variations in cementing proteins. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabe6008. [PMID: 33789897 PMCID: PMC8011978 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe6008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Of five known adenovirus genera, high-resolution structures are available only for mammalian-infecting mastadenoviruses. We present the first high-resolution structure of an adenovirus with nonmammalian host: lizard atadenovirus LAdV-2. We find a large conformational difference in the internal vertex protein IIIa between mast- and atadenoviruses, induced by the presence of an extended polypeptide. This polypeptide, and α-helical clusters beneath the facet, likely correspond to genus-specific proteins LH2 and p32k. Another genus-specific protein, LH3, with a fold typical of bacteriophage tailspikes, contacts the capsid surface via a triskelion structure identical to that used by mastadenovirus protein IX, revealing a conserved capsid-binding motif and an ancient gene duplication event. Our data also suggest that mastadenovirus E1B-55 K was exapted from the atadenovirus-like LH3 protein. This work provides new information on the evolution of adenoviruses, emphasizing the importance of minor coat proteins for determining specific physicochemical properties of virions and most likely their tropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Marabini
- Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Francisco Tomás y Valiente 11, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriela N Condezo
- Departamento de Estructura de Macromoléculas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mart Krupovic
- Archaeal Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Rosa Menéndez-Conejero
- Departamento de Estructura de Macromoléculas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josué Gómez-Blanco
- Departamento de Estructura de Macromoléculas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen San Martín
- Departamento de Estructura de Macromoléculas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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31
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Heparan Sulfate Is a Cellular Receptor for Enteric Human Adenoviruses. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020298. [PMID: 33672966 PMCID: PMC7918131 DOI: 10.3390/v13020298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus (HAdV)-F40 and -F41 are leading causes of diarrhea and diarrhea-associated mortality in children under the age of five, but the mechanisms by which they infect host cells are poorly understood. HAdVs initiate infection through interactions between the knob domain of the fiber capsid protein and host cell receptors. Unlike most other HAdVs, HAdV-F40 and -F41 possess two different fiber proteins-a long fiber and a short fiber. Whereas the long fiber binds to the Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR), no binding partners have been identified for the short fiber. In this study, we identified heparan sulfate (HS) as an interaction partner for the short fiber of enteric HAdVs. We demonstrate that exposure to acidic pH, which mimics the environment of the stomach, inactivates the interaction of enteric adenovirus with CAR. However, the short fiber:HS interaction is resistant to and even enhanced by acidic pH, which allows attachment to host cells. Our results suggest a switch in receptor usage of enteric HAdVs after exposure to acidic pH and add to the understanding of the function of the short fibers. These results may also be useful for antiviral drug development and the utilization of enteric HAdVs for clinical applications such as vaccine development.
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