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de Araújo WS, Bergamini LL, Almeida-Neto M. Global effects of land-use intensity and exotic plants on the structure and phylogenetic signal of plant-herbivore networks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 944:173949. [PMID: 38876343 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Interactions between plants and herbivorous insects are often phylogenetically structured, with closely related insect species using similar sets of species or lineages of plants, while phylogenetically closer plants tend to share high proportions of their herbivore insect species. Notably, these phylogenetic constraints in plant-herbivore interactions tend to be more pronounced among internal plant-feeding herbivores (i.e., endophages) than among external feeders (i.e., exophages). In the context of growing human-induced habitat conversion and the global proliferation of exotic species, it is crucial to understand how ecological networks respond to land-use intensification and the increasing presence of exotic plants. In this study, we analyzed plant-herbivore network data from various locations of the World to ascertain the degree to which land-use intensity and the prevalence of exotic plants induce predictable changes in their network topology - measured by levels of nestedness and modularity - and phylogenetic structures. Additionally, we investigated whether the intimacy of plant-herbivore interactions, contrasting endophagous with exophagous networks, modulate changes in network structure. Our findings reveal that most plant-herbivore networks are characterized by significant phylogenetic and topological structures. However, neither these structures did not show consistent changes in response to increased levels of land-use intensify. On the other hand, for the networks composed of endophagous herbivores, the level of nestedness was higher in the presence of a high proportion of exotic plants. Additionally, for networks of exophagous herbivores, we observed an increase in the phylogenetic structure of interactions due to exotic host dominance. These results underscore the differential impacts of exotic species and land-use intensity on the phylogenetic and topological structures of plant-herbivore networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Santos de Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG 39401-089, Brazil..
| | - Leonardo Lima Bergamini
- Centro de Estudos Ambientais do Cerrado, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Reserva Ecológica do IBGE, Brasília, DF 70312-970, Brazil
| | - Mário Almeida-Neto
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74001-970, Brazil
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2
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Srednick G, Swearer SE. Understanding diversity-synchrony-stability relationships in multitrophic communities. Nat Ecol Evol 2024:10.1038/s41559-024-02419-3. [PMID: 38839850 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02419-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Understanding how species loss impacts ecosystem stability is critical given contemporary declines in global biodiversity. Despite decades of research on biodiversity-stability relationships, most studies are performed within a trophic level, overlooking the multitrophic complexity structuring natural communities. Here, in a global analysis of diversity-synchrony-stability (DSS) studies (n = 420), we found that 74% were monotrophic and biased towards terrestrial plant communities, with 91% describing stabilizing effects of asynchrony. Multitrophic studies (26%) were representative of all biomes and showed that synchrony had mixed effects on stability. To explore potential mechanisms, we applied a multitrophic framework adapted from DSS theory to investigate DSS relationships in algae-herbivore assemblages across five long-term tropical and temperate marine system datasets. Both algal and herbivore species diversity reduced within-group synchrony in both systems but had different interactive effects on species synchrony between systems. Herbivore synchrony was positively and negatively influenced by algal diversity in tropical versus temperate systems, respectively, and algal synchrony was positively influenced by herbivore diversity in temperate systems. While herbivore synchrony reduced multitrophic stability in both systems, algal synchrony only reduced stability in tropical systems. These results highlight the complexity of DSS relationships at the multitrophic level and emphasize why more multitrophic assessments are needed to better understand how biodiversity influences community stability in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griffin Srednick
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Stephen E Swearer
- Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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3
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Wu H, Gao T, Dini-Andreote F, Xiao N, Zhang L, Kimirei IA, Wang J. Biotic and abiotic factors interplay in structuring the dynamics of microbial co-occurrence patterns in tropical mountainsides. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 250:118517. [PMID: 38401680 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Ecological interactions are important for maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Particularly in stream biofilms, little is known about the distributional patterns of different taxonomic groups and their potential interactions along elevational gradients. Here, we investigated the bacterial and fungal community structures of stream biofilms across elevational gradients on Mount Kilimanjaro, and explored patterns of their distribution, diversity, community structures, and taxa co-occurrence. We found that fungal and bacterial richness were more convergent at higher elevations, while their community structures became significantly more divergent. Inferred network complexity and stability significantly decreased with increasing elevation for fungi, while an opposite trend was observed for bacteria. Further quantitative analyses showed that network structures of bacteria and fungi were more divergent as elevation increased. This pattern was strongly associated with shifts in abiotic factors, such as mean annual temperatures, water PO43--P, and stream width. By constructing bipartite networks, we showed the fungal-bacterial network to be less redundant, more clustering, and unstable with increasing elevation. Abiotic factors (e.g., temperatures and stream width) and microbial community properties (i.e., structure and composition) significantly explained the dynamic changes in fungal-bacterial network properties. Taken together, this study provides evidence for the interplay of biotic and abiotic factors structuring potential microbial interactions in stream biofilms along a mountainside elevational gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Tianheng Gao
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China.
| | - Francisco Dini-Andreote
- Department of Plant Science & Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; The One Health Microbiome Center, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Nengwen Xiao
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Ismael Aaron Kimirei
- Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute, Headquarter, Dar Es Salaam, P.O. Box 9750, Tanzania
| | - Jianjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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4
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Li L, He XZ, Wang M, Huang L, Wang Z, Zhang X, Hu J, Hou F. Grazing-driven shifts in soil bacterial community structure and function in a typical steppe are mediated by additional N inputs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169488. [PMID: 38142006 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Herbivore grazing and nitrogen (N) fertilization affect soil microbial diversity and community composition both in direct and indirect pathways (e.g., via alterations in soil microenvironment and plant communities); however, their combination effects are still largely unexplored. We carried out a field study to investigate how soil abiotic properties, plant community composition and functional traits altered soil bacterial community structure and function in response to a long-term herbivore grazing (17-year sheep grazing with four stocking rates) and anthropogenic N inputs (6-year N addition with four levels) experiment. We show that a high stocking rate of 8.7 sheep ha-1 (SR8.7) decreased soil bacterial α- and β-diversity, while α- and β-diversity showed hump-shaped and saddle-shaped responses, respectively, with increasing N addition rate, reaching tipping points at the N application rate of 10 g N m-2 year-1 (N10). The synergistic effects of grazing and N addition induced the highest soil bacterial α-diversity at SR2.7 with N10. The contrasting effects of grazing and N addition induced higher soil bacterial β-diversity at SR8.7 with N20. Plant factors (e.g., aboveground biomass of Stipa bungeana and community-weighted mean carbon [CWM_C]), edaphic factors (e.g., soil moisture, pH, NO3--N, and C:nutrients ratios) and their interactions were the most significant factors affecting the diversity and community composition of bacteria. Our structure equation model (SEM) shows that grazing-induced negative effects on soil pH and plant community composition indirectly increased the β-diversity of soil bacteria, while grazing-induced decreased CWM_C had positive effects on bacterial α-diversity and community structure. However, N addition indirectly increased β-diversity of soil bacteria via changes in soil NO3--N and plant community composition, while N addition had negative impacts on bacterial α-diversity and community structure via variations in CWM_C. The interaction of grazing and N addition increased the complexity and stability of the bacterial network. Based on the KEGG database, grazing and N addition could accelerate the soil functional potential of C and N cycling. Our findings suggest that N application at a rate of <10 g N m-2 year-1 with a stocking rate of <5.3 sheep ha-1 could maintain the development of soil bacteria in supporting the most important ecosystem functions and services. Complex responses of soil microbes to grazing and N addition indicate the need for deeper investigations of the impacts of global change on microbial involvement in biogeochemical cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Restoration and Utilization of Degraded Grassland in Northwest China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Xiong Zhao He
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Restoration and Utilization of Degraded Grassland in Northwest China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Ling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Restoration and Utilization of Degraded Grassland in Northwest China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Restoration and Utilization of Degraded Grassland in Northwest China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Xiumin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Restoration and Utilization of Degraded Grassland in Northwest China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Junqi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Restoration and Utilization of Degraded Grassland in Northwest China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Fujiang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Restoration and Utilization of Degraded Grassland in Northwest China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China.
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5
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Bellekom B, Lewis OT, Hackett TD. Latitudinal and anthropogenic effects on the structuring of networks linking blood-feeding flies and their vertebrate hosts. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 37:675-682. [PMID: 37261902 PMCID: PMC10946476 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Biting flies (Diptera) transmit pathogens that cause many important diseases in humans as well as domestic and wild animals. The networks of feeding interactions linking these insects to their hosts, and how they vary geographically and in response to human land-use, are currently poorly documented but are relevant to understanding cross-species disease transmission. We compiled a database of biting Diptera-host interactions from the literature to investigate how key interaction network metrics vary latitudinally and with human land-use. Interaction evenness and H2' (a measure of the degree of network specificity) did not vary significantly with latitude. Compared to near-natural habitats, interaction evenness was significantly lower in agricultural habitats, where networks were dominated by relatively few species pairs, but there was no evidence that the presence of humans and their domesticated animals within networks led to systematic shifts in network structure. We discuss the epidemiological relevance of these results and the implications for predicting and mitigating future spill-over events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Bellekom
- Department of BiologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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6
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Qin S, Li F, Zou Y, Xue J, Zhang Y, Yang Z. eDNA-based diversity and multitrophic network reveal the effects of land use and pollutants on the subtropical Dongjiang River systems. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:122157. [PMID: 37454713 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity and its constituted multitrophic network in rivers are accelerating change under human land use and pollutants. However, due to the lack of complete datasets across taxa limited by traditional morphological biomonitoring, the change patterns of biodiversity and multitrophic networks are still unclear. Here, we used the eDNA approach to capture multitrophic communities (including fish, aquatic insects, protozoa, diatom and bacteria) in the Dongjiang River, a typical subtropical river in southeast China, and analyzed the changing patterns of biodiversity and multitrophic networks in relation to land use and water pollution. First, our data showed that the eDNA approach provided a snapshot of the multitrophic communities in the Dongjiang River, and the monitored 5833 OTUs were annotated to 55 phyla, 144 classes, 329 orders, 521 families, 945 genera and 406 species. Second, the multitrophic diversity index had similar patterns on the longitudinal scale of rivers, with significant decreases from the upstream to the downstream, while individual taxonomic groups exhibited variable spatial patterns. While there were similar spatial patterns between network metrics and diversity index, the former had stronger relationships with the spatial distance. Third, the multitrophic diversity and networks were significantly negatively correlated with land use and water pollution (e.g., CODMn), and network structures often had stronger and non-linear responses. Overall, this study highlights that eDNA biomonitoring of multitrophic communities and networks can provide deeper insights into ecosystem changes and help develop more targeted management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Feilong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanting Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jingchuan Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Zhifeng Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
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7
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Staab M, Gossner MM, Simons NK, Achury R, Ambarlı D, Bae S, Schall P, Weisser WW, Blüthgen N. Insect decline in forests depends on species' traits and may be mitigated by management. Commun Biol 2023; 6:338. [PMID: 37016087 PMCID: PMC10073207 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04690-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insects are declining, but the underlying drivers and differences in responses between species are still largely unclear. Despite the importance of forests, insect trends therein have received little attention. Using 10 years of standardized data (120,996 individuals; 1,805 species) from 140 sites in Germany, we show that declines occurred in most sites and species across trophic groups. In particular, declines (quantified as the correlation between year and the respective community response) were more consistent in sites with many non-native trees or a large amount of timber harvested before the onset of sampling. Correlations at the species level depended on species' life-history. Larger species, more abundant species, and species of higher trophic level declined most, while herbivores increased. This suggests potential shifts in food webs possibly affecting ecosystem functioning. A targeted management, including promoting more natural tree species composition and partially reduced harvesting, can contribute to mitigating declines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Staab
- Ecological Networks, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Martin M Gossner
- Forest Entomology, WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nadja K Simons
- Ecological Networks, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Rafael Achury
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Didem Ambarlı
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Soyeon Bae
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, University of Würzburg, 96181, Rauhenebrach, Germany
| | - Peter Schall
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang W Weisser
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Nico Blüthgen
- Ecological Networks, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
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8
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Matevski D, Foltran E, Lamersdorf N, Schuldt A. Introduction of non-native Douglas fir reduces leaf damage on beech saplings and mature trees in European beech forests. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 33:e2786. [PMID: 36477972 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent ecological research suggests that, in general, mixtures are more resistant to insect herbivores and pathogens than monocultures. However, we know little about mixtures with non-native trees, where enemy release could lead to patterns that differ from commonly observed relationships among native species. This becomes particularly relevant when considering that adaptation strategies to climate change increasingly promote a larger share of non-native tree species, such as North American Douglas fir in Central Europe. We studied leaf damage on European beech (Fagus sylvatica) saplings and mature trees across a wide range of site conditions in monocultures and mixtures with phylogenetically distant conifers native Norway spruce (Picea abies) and non-native Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). We analyzed leaf herbivory and pathogen damage in relation to tree diversity and composition effects, as well as effects of environmental factors and plant characteristics. We observed lower sapling herbivory and tree sucking damage on beech in non-native Douglas fir mixtures than in beech monocultures, probably due to a lower herbivore diversity on Douglas fir trees, and higher pathogen damage on beech saplings in Norway spruce than Douglas fir mixtures, possibly because of higher canopy openness. Our findings suggest that for low diversity gradients, tree diversity effects on leaf damage can strongly depend on tree species composition, in addition to modifications caused by feeding guild and tree ontogeny. Moreover, we found that nutrient capacity modulated the effects of tree diversity, composition, and environmental factors, with different responses in sites with low or high nutrient capacity. The existence of contrasting diversity effects based on tree species composition provides important information on our understanding of the relationships between tree diversity and plant-herbivore interactions in light of non-native tree species introductions. Especially with recent Norway spruce die-off, the planting of Douglas fir as replacement is likely to strongly increase in Central Europe. Our findings suggest that mixtures with Douglas fir could benefit the survival or growth rates of beech saplings and mature trees due to lower leaf damage, emphasizing the need to clearly identify and compare the potential benefits and ecological trade-offs of non-native tree species in forest management under ongoing environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragan Matevski
- Forest Nature Conservation, Faculty of Forest Science and Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Estela Foltran
- Bordeaux-Sciences-Agro, INRAE, UMR ISPA, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Büsgen-Institute, Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Norbert Lamersdorf
- Büsgen-Institute, Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schuldt
- Forest Nature Conservation, Faculty of Forest Science and Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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9
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Plant-frugivore network simplification under habitat fragmentation leaves a small core of interacting generalists. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1214. [PMID: 36357489 PMCID: PMC9649668 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation impacts seed dispersal processes that are important in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. However, it is still unclear how habitat fragmentation affects frugivorous interactions due to the lack of high-quality data on plant-frugivore networks. Here we recorded 10,117 plant-frugivore interactions from 22 reservoir islands and six nearby mainland sites using the technology of arboreal camera trapping to assess the effects of island area and isolation on the diversity, structure, and stability of plant-frugivore networks. We found that network simplification under habitat fragmentation reduces the number of interactions involving specialized species and large-bodied frugivores. Small islands had more connected, less modular, and more nested networks that consisted mainly of small-bodied birds and abundant plants, as well as showed evidence of interaction release (i.e., dietary expansion of frugivores). Our results reveal the importance of preserving large forest remnants to support plant-frugivore interaction diversity and forest functionality. Smaller communities, such as those on islands, under ecological network simplification reduce interactions between specialist organisms.
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Ho HC, Brodersen J, Gossner MM, Graham CH, Kaeser S, Reji Chacko M, Seehausen O, Zimmermann NE, Pellissier L, Altermatt F. Blue and green food webs respond differently to elevation and land use. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6415. [PMID: 36302854 PMCID: PMC9613893 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34132-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
While aquatic (blue) and terrestrial (green) food webs are parts of the same landscape, it remains unclear whether they respond similarly to shared environmental gradients. We use empirical community data from hundreds of sites across Switzerland and a synthesis of interaction information in the form of a metaweb to show that inferred blue and green food webs have different structural and ecological properties along elevation and among various land-use types. Specifically, in green food webs, their modular structure increases with elevation and the overlap of consumers' diet niche decreases, while the opposite pattern is observed in blue food webs. Such differences between blue and green food webs are particularly pronounced in farmland-dominated habitats, indicating that anthropogenic habitat modification modulates the climatic effects on food webs but differently in blue versus green systems. These findings indicate general structural differences between blue and green food webs and suggest their potential divergent future alterations through land-use or climatic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Cheng Ho
- grid.418656.80000 0001 1551 0562Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Brodersen
- grid.418656.80000 0001 1551 0562Department Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Seestrasse 79, CH-6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Martin M. Gossner
- grid.419754.a0000 0001 2259 5533WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland ,grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Catherine H. Graham
- grid.419754.a0000 0001 2259 5533WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Silvana Kaeser
- grid.418656.80000 0001 1551 0562Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Merin Reji Chacko
- grid.419754.a0000 0001 2259 5533WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland ,grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ole Seehausen
- grid.418656.80000 0001 1551 0562Department Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Seestrasse 79, CH-6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland ,grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Division Aquatic Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Niklaus E. Zimmermann
- grid.419754.a0000 0001 2259 5533WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland ,grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- grid.419754.a0000 0001 2259 5533WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland ,grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Altermatt
- grid.418656.80000 0001 1551 0562Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland ,grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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Englmeier J, von Hoermann C, Rieker D, Benbow ME, Benjamin C, Fricke U, Ganuza C, Haensel M, Lackner T, Mitesser O, Redlich S, Riebl R, Rojas‐Botero S, Rummler T, Salamon J, Sommer D, Steffan‐Dewenter I, Tobisch C, Uhler J, Uphus L, Zhang J, Müller J. Dung-visiting beetle diversity is mainly affected by land use, while community specialization is driven by climate. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9386. [PMID: 36248674 PMCID: PMC9547384 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dung beetles are important actors in the self‐regulation of ecosystems by driving nutrient cycling, bioturbation, and pest suppression. Urbanization and the sprawl of agricultural areas, however, destroy natural habitats and may threaten dung beetle diversity. In addition, climate change may cause shifts in geographical distribution and community composition. We used a space‐for‐time approach to test the effects of land use and climate on α‐diversity, local community specialization (H2′) on dung resources, and γ‐diversity of dung‐visiting beetles. For this, we used pitfall traps baited with four different dung types at 115 study sites, distributed over a spatial extent of 300 km × 300 km and 1000 m in elevation. Study sites were established in four local land‐use types: forests, grasslands, arable sites, and settlements, embedded in near‐natural, agricultural, or urban landscapes. Our results show that abundance and species density of dung‐visiting beetles were negatively affected by agricultural land use at both spatial scales, whereas γ‐diversity at the local scale was negatively affected by settlements and on a landscape scale equally by agricultural and urban land use. Increasing precipitation diminished dung‐visiting beetle abundance, and higher temperatures reduced community specialization on dung types and γ‐diversity. These results indicate that intensive land use and high temperatures may cause a loss in dung‐visiting beetle diversity and alter community networks. A decrease in dung‐visiting beetle diversity may disturb decomposition processes at both local and landscape scales and alter ecosystem functioning, which may lead to drastic ecological and economic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Englmeier
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical BiologyJulius‐Maximilians‐University WürzburgRauhenebrachGermany
| | | | - Daniel Rieker
- Department of Conservation BiologyGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Marc Eric Benbow
- AgBioResearch and Ecology, Evolution and Behavior Program, Department of EntomologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA,AgBioResearch and Ecology, Evolution and Behavior Program, Department of Osteopathic SpecialtiesMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Caryl Benjamin
- TUM School of Life Sciences, EcoclimatologyTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Ute Fricke
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, BiocenterJulius‐Maximilians‐University WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Cristina Ganuza
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, BiocenterJulius‐Maximilians‐University WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Maria Haensel
- Professorship of Ecological Services, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER)University of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | - Tomáš Lackner
- Department of Conservation and ResearchBavarian Forest National ParkGrafenauGermany
| | - Oliver Mitesser
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical BiologyJulius‐Maximilians‐University WürzburgRauhenebrachGermany
| | - Sarah Redlich
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, BiocenterJulius‐Maximilians‐University WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Rebekka Riebl
- Professorship of Ecological Services, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER)University of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | - Sandra Rojas‐Botero
- Chair of Restoration Ecology, School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Thomas Rummler
- Institute of GeographyUniversity of AugsburgAugsburgGermany
| | - Jörg‐Alfred Salamon
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution & Field Station SchapenUniversity of Veterinary Medicine HannoverHannoverGermany
| | - David Sommer
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPraha‐2Czech Republic,Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePraha‐SuchdolCzech Republic
| | - Ingolf Steffan‐Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, BiocenterJulius‐Maximilians‐University WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Cynthia Tobisch
- Chair of Restoration Ecology, School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany,Institute of Ecology and LandscapeWeihenstephan‐Triesdorf University of Applied SciencesFreisingGermany
| | - Johannes Uhler
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical BiologyJulius‐Maximilians‐University WürzburgRauhenebrachGermany
| | - Lars Uphus
- TUM School of Life Sciences, EcoclimatologyTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, BiocenterJulius‐Maximilians‐University WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Jörg Müller
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical BiologyJulius‐Maximilians‐University WürzburgRauhenebrachGermany,Department of Conservation and ResearchBavarian Forest National ParkGrafenauGermany
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12
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Neff F, Lehmann MM, Moretti M, Pellissier L, Gossner MM. Tracking sucking herbivory with nitrogen isotope labelling: Lessons from an individual trait-based approach. Basic Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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13
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Merging theory and experiments to predict and understand coextinctions. Trends Ecol Evol 2022; 37:886-898. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Predicting Species and Structural Diversity of Temperate Forests with Satellite Remote Sensing and Deep Learning. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14071631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Anthropogenically-driven climate change, land-use changes, and related biodiversity losses are threatening the capability of forests to provide a variety of valuable ecosystem services. The magnitude and diversity of these services are governed by tree species richness and structural complexity as essential regulators of forest biodiversity. Sound conservation and sustainable management strategies rely on information from biodiversity indicators that is conventionally derived by field-based, periodical inventory campaigns. However, these data are usually site-specific and not spatially explicit, hampering their use for large-scale monitoring applications. Therefore, the main objective of our study was to build a robust method for spatially explicit modeling of biodiversity variables across temperate forest types using open-access satellite data and deep learning models. Field data were obtained from the Biodiversity Exploratories, a research infrastructure platform that supports ecological research in Germany. A total of 150 forest plots were sampled between 2014 and 2018, covering a broad range of environmental and forest management gradients across Germany. From field data, we derived key indicators of tree species diversity (Shannon Wiener Index) and structural heterogeneity (standard deviation of tree diameter) as proxies of forest biodiversity. Deep neural networks were used to predict the selected biodiversity variables based on Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 images from 2017. Predictions of tree diameter variation achieved good accuracy (r2 = 0.51) using Sentinel-1 winter-based backscatter data. The best models of species diversity used a set of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 features but achieved lower accuracies (r2 = 0.25). Our results demonstrate the potential of deep learning and satellite remote sensing to predict forest parameters across a broad range of environmental and management gradients at the landscape scale, in contrast to most studies that focus on very homogeneous settings. These highly generalizable and spatially continuous models can be used for monitoring ecosystem status and functions, contributing to sustainable management practices, and answering complex ecological questions.
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15
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Spatio-temporal patterns of multi-trophic biodiversity and food-web characteristics uncovered across a river catchment using environmental DNA. Commun Biol 2022; 5:259. [PMID: 35322190 PMCID: PMC8943070 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03216-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate characterisation of ecological communities with respect to their biodiversity and food-web structure is essential for conservation. However, combined empirical study of biodiversity and multi-trophic food webs at a large spatial and temporal resolution has been prohibited by the lack of appropriate access to such data from natural systems. Here, we assessed biodiversity and food-web characteristics across a 700 km2 riverine network over seasons using environmental DNA. We found contrasting biodiversity patterns between major taxonomic groups. Local richness showed statistically significant, season-dependent increases and decreases towards downstream location within the catchment for fish and bacteria, respectively. Meanwhile, invertebrate richness remained spatially unchanged but varied across seasons. The structure of local food webs, such as link density and nestedness, also varied across space and time. However, these patterns did not necessarily mirror those observed for biodiversity and functional feeding characteristics. Our results suggest that biodiversity patterns and food-web dynamics are not directly scalable to each other even at the same spatial and temporal scales. In order to conserve species diversity as well as the functional trophic integrity of communities, patterns of biodiversity and food-web characteristics must thus be jointly studied. By sampling environmental DNA across a large riverine network over multiple seasons, the varied dynamics between biodiversity and food-web dynamics are revealed.
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16
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Sun J, Song Y, Chen Z, Qiu J, Zhu S, Wu L, Xing L. Heterogeneity and Molecular Markers for CNS Glial Cells Revealed by Single-Cell Transcriptomics. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:2629-2642. [PMID: 34704168 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01159-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glial cells, including astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia, are the major components in the central nervous system (CNS). Studies have revealed the heterogeneity of each glial cell type and that they each may play distinct roles in physiological processes and/or neurological diseases. Single-cell sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology developed in recent years has extended our understanding of glial cell heterogeneity from the perspective of transcriptome profiling. This review summarizes the marker genes of major glial cells in the CNS and reveals their heterogeneity in different species, CNS regions, developmental stages, and pathological states (Alzheimer's disease and spinal cord injury), expanding our knowledge of glial cell heterogeneity on both molecular and functional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yixing Song
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaying Qiu
- Department of Prenatal Screening and Diagnosis Center, Nantong Maternal and Child Health Hospital affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shunxing Zhu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Liucheng Wu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Lingyan Xing
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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