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Maier A, Teunissen AJP, Nauta SA, Lutgens E, Fayad ZA, van Leent MMT. Uncovering atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease by PET imaging. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024; 21:632-651. [PMID: 38575752 PMCID: PMC11324396 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-024-01009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Assessing atherosclerosis severity is essential for precise patient stratification. Specifically, there is a need to identify patients with residual inflammation because these patients remain at high risk of cardiovascular events despite optimal management of cardiovascular risk factors. Molecular imaging techniques, such as PET, can have an essential role in this context. PET imaging can indicate tissue-based disease status, detect early molecular changes and provide whole-body information. Advances in molecular biology and bioinformatics continue to help to decipher the complex pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and inform the development of imaging tracers. Concomitant advances in tracer synthesis methods and PET imaging technology provide future possibilities for atherosclerosis imaging. In this Review, we summarize the latest developments in PET imaging techniques and technologies for assessment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and discuss the relationship between imaging readouts and transcriptomics-based plaque phenotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Maier
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Abraham J P Teunissen
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sheqouia A Nauta
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Cardiovascular Medicine and Immunology, Experimental Cardiovascular Immunology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mandy M T van Leent
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Huang B, Li T, Arino-Estrada G, Dulski K, Shopa RY, Moskal P, Stepien E, Qi J. SPLIT: Statistical Positronium Lifetime Image Reconstruction via Time-Thresholding. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2024; 43:2148-2158. [PMID: 38261489 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2024.3357659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a widely utilized medical imaging modality that uses positron-emitting radiotracers to visualize biochemical processes in a living body. The spatiotemporal distribution of a radiotracer is estimated by detecting the coincidence photon pairs generated through positron annihilations. In human tissue, about 40% of the positrons form positroniums prior to the annihilation. The lifetime of these positroniums is influenced by the microenvironment in the tissue and could provide valuable information for better understanding of disease progression and treatment response. Currently, there are few methods available for reconstructing high-resolution lifetime images in practical applications. This paper presents an efficient statistical image reconstruction method for positronium lifetime imaging (PLI). We also analyze the random triple-coincidence events in PLI and propose a correction method for random events, which is essential for real applications. Both simulation and experimental studies demonstrate that the proposed method can produce lifetime images with high numerical accuracy, low variance, and resolution comparable to that of the activity images generated by a PET scanner with currently available time-of-flight resolution.
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Hiesmayr BC, Krzemień W, Bała M. Quantum error channels in high energetic photonic systems. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9672. [PMID: 38671255 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60472-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In medical applications-such as positron emission tomography (PET)-511 keV photons that experience Compton scattering are studied. We present a consistent framework based on quantum error-correction channels-intensively studied in quantum computing-to fully describe the quantum information-theoretic content of high energetic photons undergoing Compton scattering, characterized by the Klein-Nishina formula in unoriented matter. In this way, we can predict the expected spatial distribution of two or more, pure or mixed, polarization entangled or separable photons. This framework allows us to characterize the accessible and inaccessible information for different parameter ranges. It also answers the question of how to describe successive multi-photon scattering. In addition our formalism provides a complete framework for dealing with single and all multi-partite errors that can occur in the propagation, providing the basis for modeling future dedicated experiments that will then have applications in medicine, such as reducing errors in PET imaging or exploring possibilities for quantum-based diagnostic indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Hiesmayr
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Währingerstrasse 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - W Krzemień
- High Energy Physics Division, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Andrzeja Soltana 7, 05-400, Otwock, Swierk, Poland
| | - M Bała
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Andrzeja Soltana 7, 05-400, Otwock, Swierk, Poland
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4
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Myslicka M, Kawala-Sterniuk A, Bryniarska A, Sudol A, Podpora M, Gasz R, Martinek R, Kahankova Vilimkova R, Vilimek D, Pelc M, Mikolajewski D. Review of the application of the most current sophisticated image processing methods for the skin cancer diagnostics purposes. Arch Dermatol Res 2024; 316:99. [PMID: 38446274 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-02828-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents the most current and innovative solutions applying modern digital image processing methods for the purpose of skin cancer diagnostics. Skin cancer is one of the most common types of cancers. It is said that in the USA only, one in five people will develop skin cancer and this trend is constantly increasing. Implementation of new, non-invasive methods plays a crucial role in both identification and prevention of skin cancer occurrence. Early diagnosis and treatment are needed in order to decrease the number of deaths due to this disease. This paper also contains some information regarding the most common skin cancer types, mortality and epidemiological data for Poland, Europe, Canada and the USA. It also covers the most efficient and modern image recognition methods based on the artificial intelligence applied currently for diagnostics purposes. In this work, both professional, sophisticated as well as inexpensive solutions were presented. This paper is a review paper and covers the period of 2017 and 2022 when it comes to solutions and statistics. The authors decided to focus on the latest data, mostly due to the rapid technology development and increased number of new methods, which positively affects diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Myslicka
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Kawala-Sterniuk
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control and Informatics, Opole University of Technology, Proszkowska 76, 45-758, Opole, Poland.
| | - Anna Bryniarska
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control and Informatics, Opole University of Technology, Proszkowska 76, 45-758, Opole, Poland
| | - Adam Sudol
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, University of Opole, Dmowskiego 7-9, 45-368, Opole, Poland
| | - Michal Podpora
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control and Informatics, Opole University of Technology, Proszkowska 76, 45-758, Opole, Poland
| | - Rafal Gasz
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control and Informatics, Opole University of Technology, Proszkowska 76, 45-758, Opole, Poland
| | - Radek Martinek
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control and Informatics, Opole University of Technology, Proszkowska 76, 45-758, Opole, Poland
- Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava, 70800, Czech Republic
| | - Radana Kahankova Vilimkova
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control and Informatics, Opole University of Technology, Proszkowska 76, 45-758, Opole, Poland
- Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava, 70800, Czech Republic
| | - Dominik Vilimek
- Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava, 70800, Czech Republic
| | - Mariusz Pelc
- Institute of Computer Science, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052, Opole, Poland
- School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, University of Greenwich, Old Royal Naval College, Park Row, SE10 9LS, London, UK
| | - Dariusz Mikolajewski
- Institute of Computer Science, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, ul. Kopernika 1, 85-074, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Neuropsychological Research Unit, 2nd Clinic of the Psychiatry and Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Medical University in Lublin, Gluska 1, 20-439, Lublin, Poland
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5
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Baran J, Borys D, Brzeziński K, Gajewski J, Silarski M, Chug N, Coussat A, Czerwiński E, Dadgar M, Dulski K, Eliyan KV, Gajos A, Kacprzak K, Kapłon Ł, Klimaszewski K, Konieczka P, Kopeć R, Korcyl G, Kozik T, Krzemień W, Kumar D, Lomax AJ, McNamara K, Niedźwiecki S, Olko P, Panek D, Parzych S, Perez Del Rio E, Raczyński L, Simbarashe M, Sharma S, Shivani, Shopa RY, Skóra T, Skurzok M, Stasica P, Stępień EŁ, Tayefi K, Tayefi F, Weber DC, Winterhalter C, Wiślicki W, Moskal P, Ruciński A. Feasibility of the J-PET to monitor the range of therapeutic proton beams. Phys Med 2024; 118:103301. [PMID: 38290179 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2024.103301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this work is to investigate the feasibility of the Jagiellonian Positron Emission Tomography (J-PET) scanner for intra-treatment proton beam range monitoring. METHODS The Monte Carlo simulation studies with GATE and PET image reconstruction with CASToR were performed in order to compare six J-PET scanner geometries. We simulated proton irradiation of a PMMA phantom with a Single Pencil Beam (SPB) and Spread-Out Bragg Peak (SOBP) of various ranges. The sensitivity and precision of each scanner were calculated, and considering the setup's cost-effectiveness, we indicated potentially optimal geometries for the J-PET scanner prototype dedicated to the proton beam range assessment. RESULTS The investigations indicate that the double-layer cylindrical and triple-layer double-head configurations are the most promising for clinical application. We found that the scanner sensitivity is of the order of 10-5 coincidences per primary proton, while the precision of the range assessment for both SPB and SOBP irradiation plans was found below 1 mm. Among the scanners with the same number of detector modules, the best results are found for the triple-layer dual-head geometry. The results indicate that the double-layer cylindrical and triple-layer double-head configurations are the most promising for the clinical application, CONCLUSIONS:: We performed simulation studies demonstrating that the feasibility of the J-PET detector for PET-based proton beam therapy range monitoring is possible with reasonable sensitivity and precision enabling its pre-clinical tests in the clinical proton therapy environment. Considering the sensitivity, precision and cost-effectiveness, the double-layer cylindrical and triple-layer dual-head J-PET geometry configurations seem promising for future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Baran
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 11 Łojasiewicza St 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Damian Borys
- Silesian University of Technology, Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Gliwice, Poland; Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland; Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342, Kraków, Poland
| | - Karol Brzeziński
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342, Kraków, Poland; Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), CSIC-UV, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jan Gajewski
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342, Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Silarski
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 11 Łojasiewicza St 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Neha Chug
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 11 Łojasiewicza St 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aurélien Coussat
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 11 Łojasiewicza St 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Eryk Czerwiński
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 11 Łojasiewicza St 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Meysam Dadgar
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 11 Łojasiewicza St 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamil Dulski
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 11 Łojasiewicza St 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kavya V Eliyan
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 11 Łojasiewicza St 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aleksander Gajos
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 11 Łojasiewicza St 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kacprzak
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 11 Łojasiewicza St 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kapłon
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 11 Łojasiewicza St 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Konrad Klimaszewski
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - Paweł Konieczka
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - Renata Kopeć
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Korcyl
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 11 Łojasiewicza St 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kozik
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 11 Łojasiewicza St 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Wojciech Krzemień
- High Energy Physics Division, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 11 Łojasiewicza St 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Antony J Lomax
- Centre for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland; Physics Department, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Keegan McNamara
- Centre for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland; Physics Department, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Szymon Niedźwiecki
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 11 Łojasiewicza St 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Olko
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dominik Panek
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 11 Łojasiewicza St 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Szymon Parzych
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 11 Łojasiewicza St 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elena Perez Del Rio
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 11 Łojasiewicza St 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Lech Raczyński
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - Moyo Simbarashe
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 11 Łojasiewicza St 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Sushil Sharma
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 11 Łojasiewicza St 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Shivani
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 11 Łojasiewicza St 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Roman Y Shopa
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Skóra
- National Oncology Institute, National Research Institute, Krakow Branch, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Skurzok
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 11 Łojasiewicza St 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paulina Stasica
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Ł Stępień
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 11 Łojasiewicza St 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Keyvan Tayefi
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 11 Łojasiewicza St 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Faranak Tayefi
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 11 Łojasiewicza St 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Damien C Weber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich Switzerland; Centre for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Carla Winterhalter
- Centre for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland; Physics Department, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wojciech Wiślicki
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - Paweł Moskal
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 11 Łojasiewicza St 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Antoni Ruciński
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342, Kraków, Poland
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6
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Moskal P, Czerwiński E, Raj J, Bass SD, Beyene EY, Chug N, Coussat A, Curceanu C, Dadgar M, Das M, Dulski K, Gajos A, Gorgol M, Hiesmayr BC, Jasińska B, Kacprzak K, Kaplanoglu T, Kapłon Ł, Klimaszewski K, Konieczka P, Korcyl G, Kozik T, Krzemień W, Kumar D, Moyo S, Mryka W, Niedźwiecki S, Parzych S, Del Río EP, Raczyński L, Sharma S, Choudhary S, Shopa RY, Silarski M, Skurzok M, Stępień EŁ, Tanty P, Ardebili FT, Ardebili KT, Eliyan KV, Wiślicki W. Discrete symmetries tested at 10 -4 precision using linear polarization of photons from positronium annihilations. Nat Commun 2024; 15:78. [PMID: 38167270 PMCID: PMC10761870 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44340-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Discrete symmetries play an important role in particle physics with violation of CP connected to the matter-antimatter imbalance in the Universe. We report the most precise test of P, T and CP invariance in decays of ortho-positronium, performed with methodology involving polarization of photons from these decays. Positronium, the simplest bound state of an electron and positron, is of recent interest with discrepancies reported between measured hyperfine energy structure and theory at the level of 10-4 signaling a need for better understanding of the positronium system at this level. We test discrete symmetries using photon polarizations determined via Compton scattering in the dedicated J-PET tomograph on an event-by-event basis and without the need to control the spin of the positronium with an external magnetic field, in contrast to previous experiments. Our result is consistent with QED expectations at the level of 0.0007 and one standard deviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Moskal
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Eryk Czerwiński
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Juhi Raj
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Steven D Bass
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Kitzbühel Centre for Physics, Kitzbühel, Austria
| | - Ermias Y Beyene
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Neha Chug
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aurélien Coussat
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Meysam Dadgar
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Manish Das
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamil Dulski
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aleksander Gajos
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Gorgol
- Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Bożena Jasińska
- Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kacprzak
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tevfik Kaplanoglu
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kapłon
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Konrad Klimaszewski
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - Paweł Konieczka
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Korcyl
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Institute of Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kozik
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Wojciech Krzemień
- High Energy Physics Division, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Simbarashe Moyo
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Wiktor Mryka
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Szymon Niedźwiecki
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Szymon Parzych
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elena Pérez Del Río
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Lech Raczyński
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - Sushil Sharma
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Shivani Choudhary
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Roman Y Shopa
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - Michał Silarski
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Skurzok
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Ł Stępień
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Pooja Tanty
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Faranak Tayefi Ardebili
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Keyvan Tayefi Ardebili
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kavya Valsan Eliyan
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Wojciech Wiślicki
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
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7
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Yamaya T, Tashima H, Takyu S, Takahashi M. Whole Gamma Imaging: Challenges and Opportunities. PET Clin 2024; 19:83-93. [PMID: 37718218 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Compton imaging has been recognized as a possible nuclear medicine imaging method following the establishment of SPECT and PET. Whole gamma imaging (WGI), a combination of PET and Compton imaging, could be the first practical method to bring out the potential of Compton imaging in nuclear medicine. With the use of such positron emitters as 89Zr and 44Sc, WGI may enable highly sensitive imaging of antibody drugs for early tumor detection and quantitative hypoxia imaging for effective tumor treatment. Some of these concepts have been demonstrated preliminarily in physics experiments and small animal imaging tests with a developed WGI prototype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiga Yamaya
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Tashima
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Sodai Takyu
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Miwako Takahashi
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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8
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Zaleski R, Kotowicz O, Górska A, Zaleski K, Zgardzińska B. Investigation of the Ability to Detect Electrolyte Disorder Using PET with Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:9887-9890. [PMID: 37946359 PMCID: PMC10683008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c04208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Various concentrations (8-300 mmol/L) of NaCl, KCl, and NaCl + KCl aqueous solutions were investigated using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). A strong dependence of the o-Ps intensity as a function of the solution concentration was demonstrated. On this basis, the mean positron lifetime and the sum of counts in a selected time interval were proposed as reliable parameters for detecting disturbances in the ion balance of living organisms. The use of these parameters for differentiating healthy and cancerous tissues allows for the development of auxiliary diagnostic methods in a new generation of PET scanners equipped with a PALS detection module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Zaleski
- Maria
Curie-Sklodowska University, Institute of Physics, Department of Material Physics, Pl. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 1, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Olga Kotowicz
- Maria
Curie-Sklodowska University, Institute of Physics, Department of Material Physics, Pl. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 1, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Górska
- Medical
University of Lublin, Faculty of Medicine,
Clinic of Toxicology, Al. Kraśnicka 100, 20-718 Lublin, Poland
| | - Kamil Zaleski
- Medical
University of Lublin, Faculty of Medicine,
Clinic of Toxicology, Al. Kraśnicka 100, 20-718 Lublin, Poland
| | - Bożena Zgardzińska
- Maria
Curie-Sklodowska University, Institute of Physics, Department of Material Physics, Pl. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 1, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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9
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Dadgar M, Parzych S, Baran J, Chug N, Curceanu C, Czerwiński E, Dulski K, Elyan K, Gajos A, Hiesmayr BC, Kapłon Ł, Klimaszewski K, Konieczka P, Korcyl G, Kozik T, Krzemien W, Kumar D, Niedzwiecki S, Panek D, Perez Del Rio E, Raczyński L, Sharma S, Shivani S, Shopa RY, Skurzok M, Stepień EŁ, Tayefi Ardebili F, Tayefi Ardebili K, Vandenberghe S, Wiślicki W, Moskal P. Comparative studies of the sensitivities of sparse and full geometries of Total-Body PET scanners built from crystals and plastic scintillators. EJNMMI Phys 2023; 10:62. [PMID: 37819578 PMCID: PMC10567620 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-023-00572-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alongside the benefits of Total-Body imaging modalities, such as higher sensitivity, single-bed position, low dose imaging, etc., their final construction cost prevents worldwide utilization. The main aim of this study is to present a simulation-based comparison of the sensitivities of existing and currently developed tomographs to introduce a cost-efficient solution for constructing a Total-Body PET scanner based on plastic scintillators. METHODS For the case of this study, eight tomographs based on the uEXPLORER configuration with different scintillator materials (BGO, LYSO), axial field-of-view (97.4 cm and 194.8 cm), and detector configurations (full and sparse) were simulated. In addition, 8 J-PET scanners with different configurations, such as various axial field-of-view (200 cm and 250 cm), different cross sections of plastic scintillator, and multiple numbers of plastic scintillator layers (2, 3, and 4), based on J-PET technology have been simulated by GATE software. Furthermore, Siemens' Biograph Vision has been simulated to compare the results with standard PET scans. Two types of simulations have been performed. The first one with a centrally located source with a diameter of 1 mm and a length of 250 cm, and the second one with the same source inside a water-filled cylindrical phantom with a diameter of 20 cm and a length of 183 cm. RESULTS With regards to sensitivity, among all the proposed scanners, the ones constructed with BGO crystals give the best performance ([Formula: see text] 350 cps/kBq at the center). The utilization of sparse geometry or LYSO crystals significantly lowers the achievable sensitivity of such systems. The J-PET design gives a similar sensitivity to the sparse LYSO crystal-based detectors while having full detector coverage over the body. Moreover, it provides uniform sensitivity over the body with additional gain on its sides and provides the possibility for high-quality brain imaging. CONCLUSION Taking into account not only the sensitivity but also the price of Total-Body PET tomographs, which till now was one of the main obstacles in their widespread clinical availability, the J-PET tomography system based on plastic scintillators could be a cost-efficient alternative for Total-Body PET scanners.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dadgar
- Department of Experimental Particle Physics and Applications, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
| | - S Parzych
- Department of Experimental Particle Physics and Applications, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - J Baran
- Department of Experimental Particle Physics and Applications, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - N Chug
- Department of Experimental Particle Physics and Applications, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - C Curceanu
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - E Czerwiński
- Department of Experimental Particle Physics and Applications, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - K Dulski
- Department of Experimental Particle Physics and Applications, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - K Elyan
- Department of Experimental Particle Physics and Applications, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - A Gajos
- Department of Experimental Particle Physics and Applications, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - B C Hiesmayr
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ł Kapłon
- Department of Experimental Particle Physics and Applications, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - K Klimaszewski
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - P Konieczka
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - G Korcyl
- Department of Experimental Particle Physics and Applications, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - T Kozik
- Department of Experimental Particle Physics and Applications, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - W Krzemien
- High Energy Physics Division, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - D Kumar
- Department of Experimental Particle Physics and Applications, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - S Niedzwiecki
- Department of Experimental Particle Physics and Applications, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - D Panek
- Department of Experimental Particle Physics and Applications, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - E Perez Del Rio
- Department of Experimental Particle Physics and Applications, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - L Raczyński
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - S Sharma
- Department of Experimental Particle Physics and Applications, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - S Shivani
- Department of Experimental Particle Physics and Applications, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - R Y Shopa
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - M Skurzok
- Department of Experimental Particle Physics and Applications, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - E Ł Stepień
- Department of Experimental Particle Physics and Applications, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Theranostics Center, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - F Tayefi Ardebili
- Department of Experimental Particle Physics and Applications, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - K Tayefi Ardebili
- Department of Experimental Particle Physics and Applications, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - S Vandenberghe
- Department of Electronics and Information Systems, MEDISIP, MEDISIP, Ghent University-IBiTech, Ghent, Belgium
| | - W Wiślicki
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - P Moskal
- Department of Experimental Particle Physics and Applications, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
- Theranostics Center, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
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10
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Dalagnol LVS, Moreira GM, Souza Barbosa A, Bettega MHF. Low-Energy Electron and Positron Scattering by para-Difluorobenzene. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:6486-6494. [PMID: 37526615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c03802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The Schwinger multichannel method is employed in calculations of the elastic integral and differential cross sections for collisions of low-energy electrons and positrons with para-difluorobenzene (1,4-C6H4F2). The present calculations involving electron scattering have been performed using both static-exchange and static-exchange plus polarization levels of approximation. Our results indicate the presence of three resonances of π*-character in the low-energy region and a fourth resonance, of σ*-character, at higher energy levels. With respect to the positron scattering, the calculations were conducted using the static plus polarization approximation at three different polarization levels. The present calculated electron and positron cross sections show a reasonable agreement with the total cross sections measured by Makochekanwa et al. (J. Phys. B, 2004, 37, 1841). It is also important to highlight that our computed integral cross section for electron scattering indicates the presence of a Ramsauer-Townsend minimum, while the integral cross section for positron scattering indicates the presence of a virtual state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz V S Dalagnol
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19044, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Giseli M Moreira
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19044, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Souza Barbosa
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19044, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Márcio H F Bettega
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19044, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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11
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Konieczka P, Raczyński L, Wiślicki W, Fedoruk O, Klimaszewski K, Kopka P, Krzemień W, Shopa RY, Baran J, Coussat A, Chug N, Curceanu C, Czerwiński E, Dadgar M, Dulski K, Gajos A, Hiesmayr BC, Kacprzak K, Kapłon Ł, Korcyl G, Kozik T, Kumar D, Niedźwiecki S, Parzych S, Río EPD, Sharma S, Shivani S, Skurzok M, Stępień EŁ, Tayefi F, Moskal P. Transformation of PET raw data into images for event classification using convolutional neural networks. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2023; 20:14938-14958. [PMID: 37679166 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2023669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
In positron emission tomography (PET) studies, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) may be applied directly to the reconstructed distribution of radioactive tracers injected into the patient's body, as a pattern recognition tool. Nonetheless, unprocessed PET coincidence data exist in tabular format. This paper develops the transformation of tabular data into n-dimensional matrices, as a preparation stage for classification based on CNNs. This method explicitly introduces a nonlinear transformation at the feature engineering stage and then uses principal component analysis to create the images. We apply the proposed methodology to the classification of simulated PET coincidence events originating from NEMA IEC and anthropomorphic XCAT phantom. Comparative studies of neural network architectures, including multilayer perceptron and convolutional networks, were conducted. The developed method increased the initial number of features from 6 to 209 and gave the best precision results (79.8) for all tested neural network architectures; it also showed the smallest decrease when changing the test data to another phantom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Konieczka
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, 05-400 Świerk, Poland
| | - Lech Raczyński
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, 05-400 Świerk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Wiślicki
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, 05-400 Świerk, Poland
| | - Oleksandr Fedoruk
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, 05-400 Świerk, Poland
| | - Konrad Klimaszewski
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, 05-400 Świerk, Poland
| | - Przemysław Kopka
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, 05-400 Świerk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Krzemień
- High Energy Physics Division, National Centre for Nuclear Research, 05-400 Świerk, Poland
| | - Roman Y Shopa
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, 05-400 Świerk, Poland
| | - Jakub Baran
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 31-348 Cracow, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, 31-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - Aurélien Coussat
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 31-348 Cracow, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, 31-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - Neha Chug
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 31-348 Cracow, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, 31-348 Cracow, Poland
| | | | - Eryk Czerwiński
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 31-348 Cracow, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, 31-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - Meysam Dadgar
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 31-348 Cracow, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, 31-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - Kamil Dulski
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 31-348 Cracow, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, 31-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - Aleksander Gajos
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 31-348 Cracow, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, 31-348 Cracow, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Kacprzak
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 31-348 Cracow, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, 31-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kapłon
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 31-348 Cracow, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, 31-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Korcyl
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 31-348 Cracow, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, 31-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kozik
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 31-348 Cracow, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, 31-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 31-348 Cracow, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, 31-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - Szymon Niedźwiecki
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 31-348 Cracow, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, 31-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - Szymon Parzych
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 31-348 Cracow, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, 31-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - Elena Pérez Del Río
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 31-348 Cracow, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, 31-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - Sushil Sharma
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 31-348 Cracow, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, 31-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - Shivani Shivani
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 31-348 Cracow, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, 31-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Skurzok
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 31-348 Cracow, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, 31-348 Cracow, Poland
- INFN, National Laboratory of Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - Ewa Łucja Stępień
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 31-348 Cracow, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, 31-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - Faranak Tayefi
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 31-348 Cracow, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, 31-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - Paweł Moskal
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 31-348 Cracow, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, 31-348 Cracow, Poland
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12
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Karimi H, Moskal P, Żak A, Stępień EŁ. 3D melanoma spheroid model for the development of positronium biomarkers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7648. [PMID: 37169794 PMCID: PMC10175546 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34571-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
It was recently demonstrated that newly invented positronium imaging may be used for improving cancer diagnostics by providing additional information about tissue pathology with respect to the standardized uptake value currently available in positron emission tomography (PET). Positronium imaging utilizes the properties of positronium atoms, which are built from the electrons and positrons produced in the body during PET examinations. We hypothesized that positronium imaging would be sensitive to the in vitro discrimination of tumor-like three-dimensional structures (spheroids) built of melanoma cell lines with different cancer activities and biological properties. The lifetime of ortho-positronium (o-Ps) was evaluated in melanoma spheroids from two cell lines (WM266-4 and WM115) differing in the stage of malignancy. Additionally, we considered parameters such as the cell number, spheroid size and melanoma malignancy to evaluate their relationship with the o-Ps lifetime. We demonstrate pilot results for o-Ps lifetime measurement in extracellular matrix-free spheroids. With the statistical significance of two standard deviations, we demonstrated that the higher the degree of malignancy and the rate of proliferation of neoplastic cells, the shorter the lifetime of ortho-positronium. In particular, we observed the following indications encouraging further research: (i) WM266-4 spheroids characterized by a higher proliferation rate and malignancy showed a shorter o-Ps lifetime than WM115 spheroids characterized by a lower growth rate. (ii) Both cell lines showed a decrease in the lifetime of o-Ps after spheroid generation on day 8 compared to day 4 in culture, and the mean o-Ps lifetime was longer for spheroids formed from WM115 cells than for those formed from WM266-4 cells, regardless of spheroid age. The results of this study revealed that positronium is a promising biomarker that may be applied in PET diagnostics for the assessment of the degree of cancer malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Karimi
- Department of Medical Physics, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11 Street, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
| | - Paweł Moskal
- Department of Experimental Particle Physics and Applications, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Żak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Ł Stępień
- Department of Medical Physics, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11 Street, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
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Metawea MR, Abdelrazek HMA, El-Hak HNG, Moghazee MM, Marie OM. Comparative effects of curcumin versus nano-curcumin on histological, immunohistochemical expression, histomorphometric, and biochemical changes to pancreatic beta cells and lipid profile of streptozocin induced diabetes in male Sprague-Dawley rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:62067-62079. [PMID: 36932309 PMCID: PMC10167140 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26260-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide problem characterized by hyperglycemia as well as the damage of the microscopic structure of the beta cells of Langerhans pancreatic islets. In the present study, the histological, immunohistochemical, morphometric, and biochemical alterations to pancreatic beta cells in streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetes were assessed in rats treated with curcumin (CU) (100 mg/kg/day) or nano-curcumin (nCU) (100 mg/kg/day) for 1 month. Twenty-four adult male Wistar albino rats were distributed into four groups: the nondiabetic control group, the diabetic untreated group, and two diabetic groups treated with CU or nCUR, respectively. Blood glucose, serum insulin levels, and lipid profile were measured. The pancreatic tissues were collected and processed into paraffin sections for histological and immunohistochemical examination, oxidative stress markers, and real-time PCR expression for pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1). The insulin expression in beta cells was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Morphometrically, the percentage area of anti-insulin antibody reaction and the percentage area of islet cells were determined. STZ-induced deteriorating alteration in beta cells led to declines in the number of functioning beta cells and insulin immunoreactivity. In STZ-treated rats, CU and nCUR significantly reduced blood glucose concentration while increasing blood insulin level. It also caused a significant increase in the number of immunoreactive beta cells to the insulin expression and significant reduction of the immunoreactive beta cells to the caspase-3 expression. In conclusion, CU and nCUR could have a therapeutic role in the biochemical and microscopic changes in pancreatic beta cells in diabetes-induced rats through STZ administration with more bio-efficacy of nCUR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed R Metawea
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Heba M A Abdelrazek
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Heba Nageh Gad El-Hak
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Mona M Moghazee
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11241, Egypt
| | - Ohoud M Marie
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
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14
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Sharma S, Baran J, Chug N, Curceanu C, Czerwiński E, Dadgar M, Dulski K, Eliyan K, Gajos A, Gupta-Sharma N, Hiesmayr BC, Kacprzak K, Kapłon Ł, Klimaszewski K, Konieczka P, Korcyl G, Kozik T, Krzemień W, Kumar D, Niedźwiecki S, Panek D, Parzych S, Del Rio EP, Raczyński L, Choudhary S, Shopa RY, Skurzok M, Stępień EŁ, Tayefi F, Tayefi K, Wiślicki W, Moskal P. Efficiency determination of J-PET: first plastic scintillators-based PET scanner. EJNMMI Phys 2023; 10:28. [PMID: 37029849 PMCID: PMC10082891 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-023-00546-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Jagiellonian Positron Emission Tomograph is the 3-layer prototype of the first scanner based on plastic scintillators, consisting of 192 half-metre-long strips with readouts at both ends. Compared to crystal-based detectors, plastic scintillators are several times cheaper and could be considered as a more economical alternative to crystal scintillators in future PETs. JPET is also a first multi-photon PET prototype. For the development of multi-photon detection, with photon characterized by the continuous energy spectrum, it is important to estimate the efficiency of J-PET as a function of energy deposition. The aim of this work is to determine the registration efficiency of the J-PET tomograph as a function of energy deposition by incident photons and the intrinsic efficiency of the J-PET scanner in detecting photons of different incident energies. In this study, 3-hit events are investigated, where 2-hits are caused by 511 keV photons emitted in [Formula: see text] annihilations, while the third hit is caused by one of the scattered photons. The scattered photon is used to accurately measure the scattering angle and thus the energy deposition. Two hits by a primary and a scattered photon are sufficient to calculate the scattering angle of a photon, while the third hit ensures the precise labeling of the 511 keV photons. RESULTS By comparing experimental and simulated energy distribution spectra, the registration efficiency of the J-PET scanner was determined in the energy deposition range of 70-270 keV, where it varies between 20 and 100[Formula: see text]. In addition, the intrinsic efficiency of the J-PET was also determined as a function of the energy of the incident photons. CONCLUSION A method for determining registration efficiency as a function of energy deposition and intrinsic efficiency as a function of incident photon energy of the J-PET scanner was demonstrated. This study is crucial for evaluating the performance of the scanner based on plastic scintillators and its applications as a standard and multi-photon PET systems. The method may be also used in the calibration of Compton-cameras developed for the ion-beam therapy monitoring and simultaneous multi-radionuclide imaging in nuclear medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sharma
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, prof. Stanisława Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Cracow, Poland.
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Cracow, Poland.
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, 31-034, Cracow, Poland.
| | - J Baran
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, prof. Stanisława Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, 31-034, Cracow, Poland
| | - N Chug
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, prof. Stanisława Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, 31-034, Cracow, Poland
| | - C Curceanu
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044, Frascati, Italy
| | - E Czerwiński
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, prof. Stanisława Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, 31-034, Cracow, Poland
| | - M Dadgar
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, prof. Stanisława Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, 31-034, Cracow, Poland
| | - K Dulski
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, prof. Stanisława Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, 31-034, Cracow, Poland
| | - K Eliyan
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, prof. Stanisława Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, 31-034, Cracow, Poland
| | - A Gajos
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, prof. Stanisława Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, 31-034, Cracow, Poland
| | - N Gupta-Sharma
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, prof. Stanisława Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
| | - B C Hiesmayr
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - K Kacprzak
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, prof. Stanisława Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, 31-034, Cracow, Poland
| | - Ł Kapłon
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, prof. Stanisława Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, 31-034, Cracow, Poland
| | - K Klimaszewski
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, 05-400, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - P Konieczka
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, 05-400, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - G Korcyl
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, prof. Stanisława Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
| | - T Kozik
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, prof. Stanisława Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
| | - W Krzemień
- High Energy Physics Division, National Centre for Nuclear Research, 05-400, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - D Kumar
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, prof. Stanisława Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, 31-034, Cracow, Poland
| | - Sz Niedźwiecki
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, prof. Stanisława Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, 31-034, Cracow, Poland
| | - D Panek
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, prof. Stanisława Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, 31-034, Cracow, Poland
| | - S Parzych
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, prof. Stanisława Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, 31-034, Cracow, Poland
| | - E Perez Del Rio
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, prof. Stanisława Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, 31-034, Cracow, Poland
| | - L Raczyński
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, 05-400, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - Shivani Choudhary
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, prof. Stanisława Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, 31-034, Cracow, Poland
| | - R Y Shopa
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, 05-400, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - M Skurzok
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, prof. Stanisława Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, 31-034, Cracow, Poland
| | - E Ł Stępień
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, prof. Stanisława Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, 31-034, Cracow, Poland
| | - F Tayefi
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, prof. Stanisława Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, 31-034, Cracow, Poland
| | - K Tayefi
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, prof. Stanisława Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, 31-034, Cracow, Poland
| | - W Wiślicki
- High Energy Physics Division, National Centre for Nuclear Research, 05-400, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - P Moskal
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, prof. Stanisława Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, 31-034, Cracow, Poland
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Moskal P, Kubicz E, Grudzień G, Czerwiński E, Dulski K, Leszczyński B, Niedźwiecki S, Stępień EŁ. Developing a novel positronium biomarker for cardiac myxoma imaging. EJNMMI Phys 2023; 10:22. [PMID: 36959477 PMCID: PMC10036702 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-023-00543-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cardiac myxoma (CM), the most common cardiac tumor in adults, accounts for 50-75% of benign cardiac tumors. The diagnosis of CM is often elusive, especially in young stroke survivors and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the initial technique for the differential diagnostics of CM. Less invasive cardiac computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are not available for the majority of cardiac patients. Here, a robust imaging approach, ortho-Positronium (o-Ps) imaging, is presented to determine cardiac myxoma extracted from patients undergoing urgent cardiac surgery due to unexpected atrial masses. We aimed to assess if the o-Ps atom, produced copiously in intramolecular voids during the PET imaging, serves as a biomarker for CM diagnosing. METHODS Six perioperative CM and normal (adipose) tissue samples from patients, with primary diagnosis confirmed by the histopathology examination, were examined using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) and micro-CT. Additionally, cell cultures and confocal microscopy techniques were used to picture cell morphology and origin. RESULTS We observed significant shortening in the mean o-Ps lifetime in tumor with compare to normal tissues: an average value of 1.92(02) ns and 2.72(05) ns for CM and the adipose tissue, respectively. Microscopic differences between tumor samples, confirmed in histopathology examination and micro-CT, did not influenced the major positronium imaging results. CONCLUSIONS Our findings, combined with o-Ps lifetime analysis, revealed the novel emerging positronium imaging marker (o-PS) for cardiovascular imaging. This method opens the new perspective to facilitate the quantitative in vivo assessment of intracardiac masses on a molecular (nanoscale) level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Moskal
- Department of Experimental Particle Physics and Applications, Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Kubicz
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
- Department of Medical Physics, Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Grudzień
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology, John Paul II Hospital, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Eryk Czerwiński
- Department of Experimental Particle Physics and Applications, Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamil Dulski
- Department of Experimental Particle Physics and Applications, Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bartosz Leszczyński
- Department of Medical Physics, Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Szymon Niedźwiecki
- Department of Experimental Particle Physics and Applications, Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Ł Stępień
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
- Department of Medical Physics, Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.
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16
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Llosá G, Rafecas M. Hybrid PET/Compton-camera imaging: an imager for the next generation. EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL PLUS 2023; 138:214. [PMID: 36911362 PMCID: PMC9990967 DOI: 10.1140/epjp/s13360-023-03805-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Compton cameras can offer advantages over gamma cameras for some applications, since they are well suited for multitracer imaging and for imaging high-energy radiotracers, such as those employed in radionuclide therapy. While in conventional clinical settings state-of-the-art Compton cameras cannot compete with well-established methods such as PET and SPECT, there are specific scenarios in which they can constitute an advantageous alternative. The combination of PET and Compton imaging can benefit from the improved resolution and sensitivity of current PET technology and, at the same time, overcome PET limitations in the use of multiple radiotracers. Such a system can provide simultaneous assessment of different radiotracers under identical conditions and reduce errors associated with physical factors that can change between acquisitions. Advances are being made both in instrumentation developments combining PET and Compton cameras for multimodal or three-gamma imaging systems, and in image reconstruction, addressing the challenges imposed by the combination of the two modalities or the new techniques. This review article summarizes the advances made in Compton cameras for medical imaging and their combination with PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Llosá
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), CSIC-UV, Catedrático Beltrán, 2., 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Magdalena Rafecas
- Institute of Medical Engineering (IMT), Universität zu Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
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Mohr P, Efthimiou N, Pagano F, Kratochwil N, Pizzichemi M, Tsoumpas C, Auffray E, Ziemons K. Image Reconstruction Analysis for Positron Emission Tomography With Heterostructured Scintillators. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADIATION AND PLASMA MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 7:41-51. [PMID: 37397180 PMCID: PMC10312993 DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2022.3208615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The concept of structure engineering has been proposed for exploring the next generation of radiation detectors with improved performance. A TOF-PET geometry with heterostructured scintillators with a pixel size of 3.0 × 3.1 × 15 mm3 was simulated using Monte Carlo. The heterostructures consisted of alternating layers of BGO as a dense material with high stopping power and plastic (EJ232) as a fast light emitter. The detector time resolution was calculated as a function of the deposited and shared energy in both materials on an event-by-event basis. While sensitivity was reduced to 32% for 100-μm thick plastic layers and 52% for 50 μm, the coincidence time resolution (CTR) distribution improved to 204 ± 49 and 220 ± 41 ps, respectively, compared to 276 ps that we considered for bulk BGO. The complex distribution of timing resolutions was accounted for in the reconstruction. We divided the events into three groups based on their CTR and modeled them with different Gaussian TOF kernels. On an NEMA IQ phantom, the heterostructures had better contrast recovery in early iterations. On the other hand, BGO achieved a better contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) after the 15th iteration due to the higher sensitivity. The developed simulation and reconstruction methods constitute new tools for evaluating different detector designs with complex time responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Mohr
- Factuly of Chemistry and Biotechnology, FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428 Jülich, Germany, and also with the Experimental Physics Department, European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1201 Geneva, Switzerland. He is now with the Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nikos Efthimiou
- Department Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Fiammetta Pagano
- Physics Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy, and also with the Experimental Physics Department, European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1201 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolaus Kratochwil
- Experimental Physics Department, European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marco Pizzichemi
- Physics Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy, and also with the Experimental Physics Department, European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1201 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charalampos Tsoumpas
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands, and also with the Biomedical Imaging Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, U.K
| | - Etiennette Auffray
- Experimental Physics Department, European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karl Ziemons
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering and Technomathematics, FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428 Jülich, Germany
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18
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Brunner P, Steyskal EM, Topolovec S, Würschum R. Positronium chemistry of a Fe 2+/3+ solution under electrochemical control. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:234202. [PMID: 36550049 DOI: 10.1063/5.0129255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The positronium chemistry of a Fe2+/3+ solution is studied under full electrochemical control. For this novel approach to positronium electrochemistry, a suitable cell setup is used, which allows simultaneously both electrochemical measurements and positron annihilation spectroscopy. For the Fe2+/3+ redox couple, positronium serves as an ideally suited atomic probe owing to the rather different positronium chemistry of Fe2+ (spin conversion) and Fe3+ (total positronium inhibition and oxidation). This enabled the precise in situ monitoring of oxidation and reduction by means of positron lifetime upon slow cycling voltammetry or galvanostatic charging. The variation of the mean positron lifetime with the Fe2+/3+ concentration ratio could be quantitatively described by a reaction rate model for positronium formation and annihilation. An asymmetric behavior of the variation of the mean positron lifetime with applied potential, as compared to the simultaneously recorded symmetric current-potential curve, could be explained by the stronger influence of Fe3+ on the characteristics of positronium formation and annihilation. The highly reversible galvanostatic charging behavior monitored by positron lifetime underlines the attractive application potentials of positronium electrochemistry for in situ studies of iron-based redox-flow battery electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Brunner
- Institute of Materials Physics, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Eva-Maria Steyskal
- Institute of Materials Physics, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Topolovec
- Institute of Materials Physics, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Würschum
- Institute of Materials Physics, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
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19
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A new brain dedicated PET scanner with 4D detector information. BIO-ALGORITHMS AND MED-SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/bioal-2022-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this article, we present the geometrical design and preliminary results of a high sensitivity organ-specific Positron Emission Tomography (PET) system dedicated to the study of the human brain. The system, called 4D-PET, will allow accurate imaging of brain studies due to its expected high sensitivity, high 3D spatial resolution and, by including precise photon time of flight (TOF) information, a boosted signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
The 4D-PET system incorporates an innovative detector design based on crystal slabs (semi-monolithic) that enables accurate 3D photon impact positioning (including photon Depth of Interaction (DOI) measurement), while providing a precise determination of the photon arrival time to the detector. The detector includes a novel readout system that reduces the number of detector signals in a ratio of 4:1 thus, alleviating complexity and cost. The analog output signals are fed to the TOFPET2 ASIC (PETsys) for scalability purposes.
The present manuscript reports the evaluation of the 4D-PET detector, achieving best values 3D resolution values of <1.6 mm (pixelated axis), 2.7±0.5 mm (monolithic axis) and 3.4±1.1 (DOI axis) mm; 359 ± 7 ps coincidence time resolution (CTR); 10.2±1.5 % energy resolution; and sensitivity of 16.2% at the center of the scanner (simulated). Moreover, a comprehensive description of the 4D-PET architecture (that includes 320 detectors), some pictures of its mechanical assembly, and simulations on the expected image quality are provided.
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20
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Multi-molecule imaging and inter-molecular imaging in nuclear medicine. BIO-ALGORITHMS AND MED-SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/bioal-2022-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Multi-molecule imaging and inter-molecular imaging are not fully implemented yet, however, can become an alternative in nuclear medicine. In this review article, we present arguments demonstrating that the advent of the Compton positron emission tomography (Compton-PET) system and the invention of the quantum chemical sensing method with double photon emission imaging (DPEI) provide realistic perspectives for visualizing inter-molecular and multi-molecule in nuclear medicine with MeV photon. In particular, the pH change of InCl3 solutions can be detected and visualized in a three-dimensional image by combining the hyperfine electric quadrupole interaction sensing and DPEI. Moreover, chemical states, such as chelating, can be detected through angular correlation sensing. We argue that multi-molecule and chemical sensing could be a realistic stream of research in future nuclear medicine.
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21
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A double photon coincidence detection method for medical gamma-ray imaging. BIO-ALGORITHMS AND MED-SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/bioal-2022-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cascade nuclides emit two or more gamma rays successively through an intermediate state. The coincidence detection of cascade gamma rays provides several advantages in gamma-ray imaging. In this review article, three applications of the double photon coincidence method are reviewed. Double-photon emission imaging with mechanical collimators and Compton double-photon emission imaging can identify radioactive source positions with their angular-resolving detectors, and reduce the crosstalk between nuclides. In addition, a novel method of coincidence Compton imaging is proposed by taking coincidence detection between a Compton event and a photopeak events. Although this type of coincidence Compton imaging cannot specify the location, it can be useful in multi-nuclide Compton imaging.
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22
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Multi-photon time-of-flight MLEM application for the positronium imaging in J-PET. BIO-ALGORITHMS AND MED-SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/bioal-2022-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We develop a positronium imaging method for the Jagiellonian PET (J-PET) scanners based on the time-of-flight maximum likelihood expectation maximisation (TOF MLEM). The system matrix elements are calculated on-the-fly for the coincidences comprising two annihilation and one de-excitation photons that originate from the ortho-positronium (o-Ps) decay. Using the Geant4 library, a Monte Carlo simulation was conducted for four cylindrical 22Na sources of β+ decay with diverse o-Ps mean lifetimes, placed symmetrically inside the two JPET prototypes. The estimated time differences between the annihilation and the positron emission were aggregated into histograms (one per voxel), updated by the weights of the activities reconstructed by TOF MLEM. The simulations were restricted to include only the o-Ps decays into back-to-back photons, allowing a linear fitting model to be employed for the estimation of the mean lifetime from each histogram built in the log scale. To suppress the noise, the exclusion of voxels with activity below 2% – 10% of the peak was studied. The estimated o-Ps mean lifetimes were consistent with the simulation and distributed quasi -uniformly at high MLEM iterations. The proposed positronium imaging technique can be further upgraded to include various correction factors, as well as be modified according to realistic o-Ps decay models.
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23
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Towards high sensitivity and high-resolution PET scanners: imaging-guided proton therapy and total body imaging. BIO-ALGORITHMS AND MED-SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/bioal-2022-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Quantitative imaging (i.e., providing not just an image but also the related data) guidance in proton radiation therapy to achieve and monitor the precision of planned radiation energy deposition field in-vivo (a.k.a. proton range verification) is one of the most under-invested aspects of radiation cancer treatment despite that it may dramatically enhance the treatment accuracy and lower the exposure related toxicity improving the entire outcome of cancer therapy. In this article, we briefly describe the effort of the TPPT Consortium (a collaborative effort of groups from the University of Texas and Portugal) on building a time-of-flight positron-emission-tomography (PET) scanner to be used in pre-clinical studies for proton therapy at MD Anderson Proton Center in Houston. We also discuss some related ideas towards improving and expanding the use of PET detectors, including the total body imaging.
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24
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Feasibility study of positronium application for blood clots structural characteristics. BIO-ALGORITHMS AND MED-SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/bioal-2022-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Positron-electron annihilation in living organisms occurs in about 30% via the formation of a metastable ortho-positronium atom that annihilates into two 511 keV photons in tissues because of the pick-off and conversion processes. Positronium (Ps) annihilation lifetime and intensities can be used to determine the size and quantity of defects in a material’s microstructure, such as voids or pores in the range of nanometers. This is particularly true for blood clots. Here we present pilot investigations of positronium properties in fibrin clots. The studies are complemented by the use of SEM Edax and micro-computed tomography (µCT) to evaluate the extracted thrombotic material’s properties. µCT is a versatile characterization method offering in situ and in operando possibilities and is a qualitative diagnostic tool. With µCT the presence of pores, cracks, and structural errors can be verified, and hence the 3D inner structure of samples can be investigated.
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25
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Investigation of the light output of 3D-printed plastic scintillators for dosimetry applications. RADIAT MEAS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2022.106864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Stępień EŁ, Rząca C, Moskal P. Radiovesicolomics-new approach in medical imaging. Front Physiol 2022; 13:996985. [DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.996985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review introduce extracellular vesicles (EVs) to a molecular imaging field. The idea of modern analyses based on the use of omics studies, using high-throughput methods to characterize the molecular content of a single biological system, vesicolomics seems to be the new approach to collect molecular data about EV content, to find novel biomarkers or therapeutic targets. The use of various imaging techniques, including those based on radionuclides as positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), combining molecular data on EVs, opens up the new space for radiovesicolomics—a new approach to be used in theranostics.
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Qi J, Huang B. Positronium Lifetime Image Reconstruction for TOF PET. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2022; 41:2848-2855. [PMID: 35584079 PMCID: PMC9829407 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2022.3174561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography is widely used in clinical and preclinical applications. Positronium lifetime carries information about the tissue microenvironment where positrons are emitted, but such information has not been captured because of two technical challenges. One challenge is the low sensitivity in detecting triple coincidence events. This problem has been mitigated by the recent developments of PET scanners with long (1-2 m) axial field of view. The other challenge is the low spatial resolution of the positronium lifetime images formed by existing methods that is determined by the time-of-flight (TOF) resolution (200-500 ps) of existing PET scanners. This paper solves the second challenge by developing a new image reconstruction method to generate high-resolution positronium lifetime images using existing TOF PET. Simulation studies demonstrate that the proposed method can reconstruct positronium lifetime images at much better spatial resolution than the limit set by the TOF resolution of the PET scanner. The proposed method opens up the possibility of performing positronium lifetime imaging using existing TOF PET scanners. The lifetime information can be used to understand the tissue microenvironment in vivo which could facilitate the study of disease mechanism and selection of proper treatments.
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28
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Borys D, Baran J, Brzezinski KW, Gajewski J, Chug N, Coussat A, Czerwiński E, Dadgar M, Dulski K, Eliyan KV, Gajos A, Kacprzak K, Kapłon Ł, Klimaszewski K, Konieczka P, Kopec R, Korcyl G, Kozik T, Krzemień W, Kumar D, Lomax AJ, McNamara K, Niedźwiecki S, Olko P, Panek D, Parzych S, Del Río EP, Raczyński L, Sharma S, Shivani S, Shopa RY, Skóra T, Skurzok M, Stasica P, Stępień E, Tayefi Ardebili K, Tayefi F, Weber DC, Winterhalter C, Wiślicki W, Moskal P, Rucinski A. ProTheRaMon - a GATE simulation framework for proton therapy range monitoring using PET imaging. Phys Med Biol 2022; 67:224002. [PMID: 36137551 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac944c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper reports on the implementation and shows examples of the use of the ProTheRaMon framework for simulating the delivery of proton therapy treatment plans and range monitoring using positron emission tomography (PET). ProTheRaMon offers complete processing of proton therapy treatment plans, patient CT geometries, and intra-treatment PET imaging, taking into account therapy and imaging coordinate systems and activity decay during the PET imaging protocol specific to a given proton therapy facility. We present the ProTheRaMon framework and illustrate its potential use case and data processing steps for a patient treated at the Cyclotron Centre Bronowice (CCB) proton therapy center in Krakow, Poland. APPROACH The ProTheRaMon framework is based on GATE Monte Carlo software, the CASToR reconstruction package and in-house developed Python and bash scripts. The framework consists of five separated simulation and data processing steps, that can be further optimized according to the user's needs and specific settings of a given proton therapy facility and PET scanner design. MAIN RESULTS ProTheRaMon is presented using example data from a patient treated at CCB and the J-PET scanner to demonstrate the application of the framework for proton therapy range monitoring. The output of each simulation and data processing stage is described and visualized. SIGNIFICANCE We demonstrate that the ProTheRaMon simulation platform is a high-performance tool, capable of running on a computational cluster and suitable for multi-parameter studies, with databases consisting of large number of patients, as well as different PET scanner geometries and settings for range monitoring in a clinical environment. Due to its modular structure, the ProTheRaMon framework can be adjusted for different proton therapy centers and/or different PET detector geometries. It is available to the community via github.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Borys
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Akademicka 16, Gliwice, 44-100, POLAND
| | - Jakub Baran
- Jagiellonian University in Krakow Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Łojasiewicza 11, Krakow, Małopolskie, 30-348, POLAND
| | - Karol W Brzezinski
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Science, Radzikowskiego 152, Krakow, Krakow, Malopolska, 31-342, POLAND
| | - Jan Gajewski
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Science, Radzikowskiego 152, Krakow, Krakow, Malopolska, 31-342, POLAND
| | - Neha Chug
- Jagiellonian University in Krakow Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Łojasiewicza 11, Krakow, 30-348, POLAND
| | - Aurelien Coussat
- Jagiellonian University in Krakow Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Łojasiewicza 11, Krakow, Małopolskie, 30-348, POLAND
| | - Eryk Czerwiński
- Jagiellonian University in Krakow Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Łojasiewicza 11, Krakow, Małopolskie, 30-348, POLAND
| | - Meysam Dadgar
- Jagiellonian University in Krakow Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Łojasiewicza 11, Krakow, Małopolskie, 30-348, POLAND
| | - Kamil Dulski
- Jagiellonian University in Krakow Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Łojasiewicza 11, Krakow, Małopolskie, 30-348, POLAND
| | - Kavya Valsan Eliyan
- Jagiellonian University in Krakow Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Łojasiewicza 11, Krakow, Małopolskie, 30-348, POLAND
| | - Aleksander Gajos
- Jagiellonian University in Krakow Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Łojasiewicza 11, Krakow, Małopolskie, 30-348, POLAND
| | - Krzysztof Kacprzak
- Jagiellonian University in Krakow Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Łojasiewicza 11, Krakow, Małopolskie, 30-348, POLAND
| | - Łukasz Kapłon
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Lojasiewicza 11, Krakow, Malopolskie, 31-007, POLAND
| | - Konrad Klimaszewski
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, 7 Andrzeja Sołtana str., Otwock, 05-400, POLAND
| | - Paweł Konieczka
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, 7 Andrzeja Sołtana str., Otwock, 05-400, POLAND
| | - Renata Kopec
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Science, Radzikowskiego 152, Krakow, 31-342, POLAND
| | - Grzegorz Korcyl
- Jagiellonian University in Krakow Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Łojasiewicza 11, Krakow, Małopolskie, 30-348, POLAND
| | - Tomasz Kozik
- Jagiellonian University in Krakow Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Łojasiewicza 11, Krakow, Małopolskie, 30-348, POLAND
| | - Wojciech Krzemień
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, 7 Andrzeja Sołtana str., Otwock, 05-400, POLAND
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Jagiellonian University in Krakow Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Łojasiewicza 11, Krakow, Małopolskie, 30-348, POLAND
| | - Antony John Lomax
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Villigen, 5232, SWITZERLAND
| | - Keegan McNamara
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute PSI, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen, Aargau, 5232, SWITZERLAND
| | - Szymon Niedźwiecki
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University in Krakow Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Łojasiewicza 11, Krakow, Małopolskie, 30-348, POLAND
| | - Pawel Olko
- PAN, Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Science, ul Radzikowskiego 152, Krakow, Kraków, 31-342, POLAND
| | - Dominik Panek
- Jagiellonian University in Krakow Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Łojasiewicza 11, Krakow, Małopolskie, 30-348, POLAND
| | - Szymon Parzych
- Jagiellonian University in Krakow Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Łojasiewicza 11, Krakow, Małopolskie, 30-348, POLAND
| | - Elena Pérez Del Río
- Jagiellonian University in Krakow Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Łojasiewicza 11, Krakow, Małopolskie, 30-348, POLAND
| | - Lech Raczyński
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, 7 Andrzeja Sołtana str., Otwock, 05-400, POLAND
| | - Sushil Sharma
- Jagiellonian University in Krakow Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Łojasiewicza 11, Krakow, Małopolskie, 30-348, POLAND
| | - Shivani Shivani
- Jagiellonian University in Krakow Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Łojasiewicza 11, Krakow, Małopolskie, 30-348, POLAND
| | - Roman Y Shopa
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, 7 Andrzeja Sołtana str., Otwock, 05-400, POLAND
| | - Tomasz Skóra
- Radiotherapy, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology in Warsaw, Krakow Branch, Walerego Eljasza, Radzikowskiego 152, Kraków, 31-342, POLAND
| | - Magdalena Skurzok
- Jagiellonian University in Krakow Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Łojasiewicza 11, Krakow, Małopolskie, 30-348, POLAND
| | - Paulina Stasica
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Science, Radzikowskiego 152, Krakow, PL 31-342, POLAND
| | - Ewa Stępień
- Jagiellonian University in Krakow Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Łojasiewicza 11, Krakow, Małopolskie, 30-348, POLAND
| | - Keyvan Tayefi Ardebili
- Jagiellonian University in Krakow Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Łojasiewicza 11, Krakow, Małopolskie, 30-348, POLAND
| | - Faranak Tayefi
- Jagiellonian University in Krakow Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Łojasiewicza 11, Krakow, Małopolskie, 30-348, POLAND
| | - Damien Charles Weber
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen, 5232, SWITZERLAND
| | - Carla Winterhalter
- Paul Scherrer Institute PSI, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen, Aargau, 5232, SWITZERLAND
| | - Wojciech Wiślicki
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, 7 Andrzeja Sołtana str., Otwock, 05-400, POLAND
| | - Pawel Moskal
- Jagiellonian University in Krakow Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Łojasiewicza 11, Krakow, Małopolskie, 30-348, POLAND
| | - Antoni Rucinski
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAS, Radzikowskiego 152, Krakow, 31-342, POLAND
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Sarrut D, Arbor N, Baudier T, Borys D, Etxebeste A, Fuchs H, Gajewski J, Grevillot L, Jan S, Kagadis GC, Kang HG, Kirov A, Kochebina O, Krzemien W, Lomax A, Papadimitroulas P, Pommranz C, Roncali E, Rucinski A, Winterhalter C, Maigne L. The OpenGATE ecosystem for Monte Carlo simulation in medical physics. Phys Med Biol 2022; 67:10.1088/1361-6560/ac8c83. [PMID: 36001985 PMCID: PMC11149651 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac8c83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the ecosystem of GATE, an open-source Monte Carlo toolkit for medical physics. Based on the shoulders of Geant4, the principal modules (geometry, physics, scorers) are described with brief descriptions of some key concepts (Volume, Actors, Digitizer). The main source code repositories are detailed together with the automated compilation and tests processes (Continuous Integration). We then described how the OpenGATE collaboration managed the collaborative development of about one hundred developers during almost 20 years. The impact of GATE on medical physics and cancer research is then summarized, and examples of a few key applications are given. Finally, future development perspectives are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sarrut
- Université de Lyon; CREATIS; CNRS UMR5220; Inserm U1294; INSA-Lyon; Université Lyon 1, Léon Bérard cancer center, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Arbor
- Université de Strasbourg, IPHC, CNRS, UMR7178, F-67037 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas Baudier
- Université de Lyon; CREATIS; CNRS UMR5220; Inserm U1294; INSA-Lyon; Université Lyon 1, Léon Bérard cancer center, Lyon, France
| | - Damian Borys
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Ane Etxebeste
- Université de Lyon; CREATIS; CNRS UMR5220; Inserm U1294; INSA-Lyon; Université Lyon 1, Léon Bérard cancer center, Lyon, France
| | - Hermann Fuchs
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Radiation Oncology, Vienna, Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Jan Gajewski
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Sébastien Jan
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale (BioMaps), F-91401 Orsay, France
| | - George C Kagadis
- 3DMI Research Group, Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Han Gyu Kang
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Assen Kirov
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, New York, NY 10021, United States of America
| | - Olga Kochebina
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale (BioMaps), F-91401 Orsay, France
| | - Wojciech Krzemien
- High Energy Physics Division, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, S. Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kopernika 40 St, 31 501 Krakow, Poland
| | - Antony Lomax
- Center for Proton Therapy, PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Christian Pommranz
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 13, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Sand 1, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Emilie Roncali
- University of California Davis, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
| | - Antoni Rucinski
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Carla Winterhalter
- Center for Proton Therapy, PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lydia Maigne
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont, CNRS, UMR 6533, F-63178 Aubière, France
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30
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Adler SS, Seidel J, Choyke PL. Advances in Preclinical PET. Semin Nucl Med 2022; 52:382-402. [PMID: 35307164 PMCID: PMC9038721 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The classical intent of PET imaging is to obtain the most accurate estimate of the amount of positron-emitting radiotracer in the smallest possible volume element located anywhere in the imaging subject at any time using the least amount of radioactivity. Reaching this goal, however, is confounded by an enormous array of interlinked technical issues that limit imaging system performance. As a result, advances in PET, human or animal, are the result of cumulative innovations across each of the component elements of PET, from data acquisition to image analysis. In the report that follows, we trace several of these advances across the imaging process with a focus on small animal PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen S Adler
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda MD
| | - Jurgen Seidel
- Contractor to Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos biodical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD; Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda MD
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda MD.
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31
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Shibuya K, Saito H, Tashima H, Yamaya T. Using inverse Laplace transform in positronium lifetime imaging. Phys Med Biol 2022; 67. [PMID: 35008076 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac499b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Positronium (Ps) lifetime imaging is gaining attention to bring out additional biomedical information from positron emission tomography (PET). The lifetime of Psin vivocan change depending on the physical and chemical environments related to some diseases. Due to the limited sensitivity, Ps lifetime imaging may require merging some voxels for statistical accuracy. This paper presents a method for separating the lifetime components in the voxel to avoid information loss due to averaging. The mathematics for this separation is the inverse Laplace transform (ILT), and the authors examined an iterative numerical ILT algorithm using Tikhonov regularization, namely CONTIN, to discriminate a small lifetime difference due to oxygen saturation. The separability makes it possible to merge voxels without missing critical information on whether they contain abnormally long or short lifetime components. The authors conclude that ILT can compensate for the weaknesses of Ps lifetime imaging and extract the maximum amount of information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Shibuya
- Institute of Physics, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.,Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Haruo Saito
- Institute of Physics, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tashima
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Taiga Yamaya
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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32
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De Paolis L, Bazzi M, Bosnar D, Bragadireanu M, Cargnelli M, Carminati M, Clozza A, Deda G, Del Grande R, Fabbietti L, Fiorini C, Friščić I, Guaraldo C, Iliescu M, Iwasaki M, Khreptak A, King P, Sandri PL, Manti S, Marton J, Miliucci M, Moskal P, Napolitano F, Niedźwiecki S, Ohnishi H, Piscicchia K, Sada Y, Scordo A, Sgaramella F, Shi H, Silarski M, Sirghi D, Sirghi F, Skurzok M, Spallone A, Toho K, Tüchler M, Doce OV, Yoshida C, Zmeskal J, Curceanu C. Trigger rejection factor in the first kaonic helium run with the complete SIDDHARTA-2 setup. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202227000028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The SIDDHARTA-2 experiment aims to perform the first measurement of the kaonic deuterium 2p → 1s x-ray transition energy. Such measurement, together with the measurement of kaonic hydrogen 2p → 1s x-ray energy transition performed by the SIDDHARTA experiment in 2011, allows the determination of kaon proton and kaon neutron scattering lengths and represents a fundamental input for the low energies QCD in the strangeness sector theory. The SIDDHARTA-2 experiment is presently installed at the DAΦNE electronpositron collider at the National Laboratories of Frascati, in Italy. In May 2022, the kaonic 4He x-ray transitions measurement was performed by the complete SIDDHARTA-2 setup, by using a gaseous target. The result of this measurement is presented in this paper, with a specific focus on the background rejection performed by the kaon trigger system.
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Abstract
Abstract
In this review article, we present arguments demonstrating that the advent of high sensitivity total-body PET systems and the invention of the method of positronium imaging, open realistic perspectives for the application of positronium as a biomarker for in-vivo assessment of the degree of hypoxia. Hypoxia is a state or condition, in which the availability of oxygen is not sufficient to support physiological processes in tissue and organs. Positronium is a metastable atom formed from electron and positron which is copiously produced in the intramolecular spaces in the living organisms undergoing positron emission tomography (PET). Properties of positronium, such as e.g., lifetime, depend on the size of intramolecular spaces and the concentration in them of oxygen molecules. Therefore, information on the partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) in the tissue may be derived from the positronium lifetime measurement. The partial pressure of oxygen differs between healthy and cancer tissues in the range from 10 to 50 mmHg. Such differences of pO2 result in the change of ortho-positronium lifetime e.g., in water by about 2–7 ps. Thus, the application of positronium as a biomarker of hypoxia requires the determination of the mean positronium lifetime with the resolution in the order of 2 ps. We argue that such resolution is in principle achievable for organ-wise positronium imaging with the total-body PET systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Moskal
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University , Krakow , Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University , Kraków , Poland
- Theranostics Center, Jagiellonian University , Kraków , Poland
| | - Ewa Ł. Stępień
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University , Krakow , Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University , Kraków , Poland
- Theranostics Center, Jagiellonian University , Kraków , Poland
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34
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Moskal P, Stępień EŁ. New trends in theranostics. BIO-ALGORITHMS AND MED-SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/bams-2021-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Moskal
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science , M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University , Krakow , Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory , Jagiellonian University , Kraków , Poland
- Theranostics Center , Jagiellonian University , Kraków , Poland
| | - Ewa Ł. Stępień
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science , M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University , Krakow , Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory , Jagiellonian University , Kraków , Poland
- Theranostics Center , Jagiellonian University , Kraków , Poland
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35
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Abstract
Abstract
Theragnostics in nuclear medicine constitute an essential element of precision medicine. This notion integrates radionuclide diagnostics procedures and radionuclide therapies using appropriate radiopharmaceutics and treatment targeting specific biological pathways or receptors. The term theragnostics should also include another aspect of treatment: not only whether a given radioisotopic drug can be used, but also in what dose it ought to be used. Theragnostic procedures also allow predicting the effects of treatment based on the assessment of specific receptor density or the metabolic profile of neoplastic cells. The future of theragnostics depends not only on the use of new radiopharmaceuticals, but also on new gamma cameras. Modern theragnostics already require unambiguous pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic measurements based on absolute values. Only dynamic studies provide such a possibility. The introduction of the dynamic total-body PET-CT will enable this type of measurements characterizing metabolic processes and receptor expression on the basis of Patlak plot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leszek Królicki
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , Medical University of Warsaw , Warszawa , Poland
| | - Jolanta Kunikowska
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , Medical University of Warsaw , Warszawa , Poland
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Abstract
Abstract
In this partial review and partial attempt at vision of what may be the future of dedicated brain PET scanners, the key implementations of the PET technique, we postulate that we are still on a development path and there is still a lot to be done in order to develop optimal brain imagers. Optimized for particular imaging tasks and protocols, and also mobile, that can be used outside the PET center, in addition to the expected improvements in sensitivity and resolution. For this multi-application concept to be more practical, flexible, adaptable designs are preferred. This task is greatly facilitated by the improved TOF performance that allows for more open, adjustable, limited angular coverage geometries without creating image artifacts. As achieving uniform very high resolution in the whole body is not practical due to technological limits and high costs, hybrid systems using a moderate-resolution total body scanner (such as J-PET) combined with a very high performing brain imager could be a very attractive approach. As well, as using magnification inserts in the total body or long-axial length imagers to visualize selected targets with higher resolution. In addition, multigamma imagers combining PET with Compton imaging should be developed to enable multitracer imaging.
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Stępień EŁ, Rząca C, Moskal P. Novel biomarker and drug delivery systems for theranostics – extracellular vesicles. BIO-ALGORITHMS AND MED-SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/bams-2021-0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano- and micro-sized double-layered membrane entities derived from most cell types and released into biological fluids. Biological properties (cell-uptake, biocompatibility), and chemical (composition, structure) or physical (size, density) characteristics make EVs a good candidate for drug delivery systems (DDS). Recent advances in the field of EVs (e.g., scaling-up production, purification) and developments of new imaging methods (total-body positron emission tomography [PET]) revealed benefits of radiolabeled EVs in diagnostic and interventional medicine as a potential DDs in theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Ł. Stępień
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University , Krakow , Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University , Kraków , Poland
- Theranostics Center, Jagiellonian University , Kraków , Poland
| | - Carina Rząca
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University , Krakow , Poland
- Theranostics Center, Jagiellonian University , Kraków , Poland
| | - Paweł Moskal
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University , Krakow , Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University , Kraków , Poland
- Theranostics Center, Jagiellonian University , Kraków , Poland
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Alavi A, Werner TJ, Stępień EŁ, Moskal P. Unparalleled and revolutionary impact of PET imaging on research and day to day practice of medicine. BIO-ALGORITHMS AND MED-SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/bams-2021-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is the most quantitative modality for assessing disease activity at the molecular and cellular levels, and therefore, it allows monitoring its course and determining the efficacy of various therapeutic interventions. In this scientific communication, we describe the unparalleled and revolutionary impact of PET imaging on research and day to day practice of medicine. We emphasize the critical importance of the development and synthesis of novel radiotracers (starting from the enormous impact of F-Fluorodeouxyglucose (FDG) introduced by investigators at the University of Pennsylvania (PENN)) and PET instrumentation. These innovations have led to the total-body PET systems enabling dynamic and parametric molecular imaging of all organs in the body simultaneously. We also present our perspectives for future development of molecular imaging by multiphoton PET systems that will enable users to extract substantial information (owing to the evolving role of positronium imaging) about the related molecular and biological bases of various disorders, which are unachievable by the current PET imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abass Alavi
- Department of Radiology , Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Thomas J. Werner
- Department of Radiology , Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Ewa Ł. Stępień
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science , Jagiellonian University Kraków , Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University , Kraków , Poland
- Theranostics Center, Jagiellonian University , Kraków , Poland
| | - Pawel Moskal
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science , Jagiellonian University Kraków , Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University , Kraków , Poland
- Theranostics Center, Jagiellonian University , Kraków , Poland
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Silarski M, Dziedzic-Kocurek K, Szczepanek M. Combined BNCT and PET for theranostics. BIO-ALGORITHMS AND MED-SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/bams-2021-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This short review summarizes the issue of boron distribution monitoring in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), which remains a serious drawback of this powerful oncological treatment. Here we present the monitoring methods that are presently used with particular emphasis on the positron emission tomography (PET) which has the highest potential to be used for the real-time monitoring of boron biodistribution. We discuss the possibility of using present PET scanners to determine the boron uptake in vivo before the BNCT treatment with the use of p-boronphenylalanine (BPA) labeled with 18F isotope. Several examples of preclinical studies and clinical trials performed with the use of [18F]FBPA are shown. We also discuss shortly the perspectives of using other radiotracers and boron carriers which may significantly improve the boron imaging with the use of the state-of-the-art Total-Body PET scanners providing a theranostic approach in the BNCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Silarski
- Faculty of Physics , Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University , Cracow , Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University , Cracow , Poland
| | | | - Monika Szczepanek
- Faculty of Physics , Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University , Cracow , Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University , Cracow , Poland
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