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Li D, Yue W, He Q, Gao P, Gong T, Luo Y, Wang C, Luo X. Single-molecule detection of SARS-CoV-2 N protein on multilayered plasmonic nanotraps with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Talanta 2024; 278:126494. [PMID: 38955100 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has had an unprecedented impact, both by posing a serious risk to human health and by amplifying the burden on the global economy. The rapid identification of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been crucial to preventing and controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infections. In this study, we propose a multilayered plasmonic nanotrap (MPNT) device for the rapid identification of single particles of SARS-CoV-2 virus in ultra-high sensitivity by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The MPNT device is composed of arrays of concentric cylindrical cavities with Ag/SiO2/Ag multilayers deposited on the top and at the bottom. By varying the diameter of the cylinders and the thickness of the multilayers, the resonant optical absorption and local electric field were optimized. The SERS enhancement factors of the proposed device are of the order of 108, which enable the rapid identification of SARS-CoV-2 N protein in concentrations as low as 1.25 × 10-15-12.5 × 10-15 g mL-1 within 1 min. The developed MPNT SERS device provides a label-free and rapid detection platform for SARS-CoV-2 virus. The general nature of the device makes it equally suitable to detect other infectious viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxian Li
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu, 610209, China; School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China; National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu, 610209, China; School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Weisheng Yue
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu, 610209, China; National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu, 610209, China; School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiong He
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu, 610209, China; National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu, 610209, China; School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu, 610209, China; National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu, 610209, China
| | - Tiancheng Gong
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu, 610209, China; National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu, 610209, China; School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yunfei Luo
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu, 610209, China; National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu, 610209, China; School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Changtao Wang
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu, 610209, China; National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu, 610209, China; School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiangang Luo
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu, 610209, China; National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu, 610209, China; School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Stephenson S, Eid W, Wong CH, Mercier E, D'Aoust PM, Kabir MP, Baral S, Gilbride KA, Oswald C, Straus SE, Mackenzie A, Delatolla R, Graber TE. Urban wastewater contains a functional human antibody repertoire of mucosal origin. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 267:122532. [PMID: 39369505 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 09/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Wastewater-based surveillance of human disease offers timely insights to public health, helping to mitigate infectious disease outbreaks and decrease downstream morbidity and mortality. These systems rely on nucleic acid amplification tests for monitoring disease trends, while antibody-based seroprevalence surveys gauge community immunity. However, serological surveys are resource-intensive and subject to potentially long lead times and sampling bias. We identified and characterized a human antibody repertoire, predominantly secretory IgA, isolated from a central wastewater treatment plant and building-scale wastewater collection points. These antibodies partition to the solids fraction and retain immunoaffinity for SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A virus antigens. This stable pool could enable real-time tracking for correlates of vaccination, infection, and immunity, aiding in establishing population-level thresholds for immune protection and assessing the efficacy of future vaccine campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Stephenson
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Walaa Eid
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Chandler Hayyin Wong
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Elisabeth Mercier
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Patrick M D'Aoust
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Md Pervez Kabir
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Stefan Baral
- Knowledge Translation Program, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kimberly A Gilbride
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claire Oswald
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharon E Straus
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alex Mackenzie
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Robert Delatolla
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Tyson E Graber
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada.
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Câmara RSB, Pereira IAG, Lage DP, Vale DL, Ludolf F, Galvani NC, Freitas CS, Oliveira-da-Silva JA, Assis BPN, Chaves AT, Giusta MS, Tavares GSV, Pereira CN, Galdino AS, Tupinambás U, Chávez-Fumagalli MA, Pascoal VPM, Eller MTC, da Costa Rocha MO, Christodoulides M, Machado-de-Ávila RA, Gonçalves DU, Coelho EAF. Comparison of urine and serum IgG detection ELISA for tegumentary leishmaniasis diagnosis and prognosis. Immunobiology 2024; 229:152853. [PMID: 39303324 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2024.152853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Laboratorial diagnosis of tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) is hampered by variable sensitivity and/or specificity of the tests, which are still hampered by blood́ invasive collection. In this context, in the present study, we develop a serum- and urine-based ELISA to TL diagnoses. A recombinant protein (rLiHyA), which was previously showed to be antigenic for the disease, as well as a B-cell epitope produced as synthetic peptide and a Leishmania antigenic extract (SLA), were used as antigens. A total of paired 205 urine and serum samples were used, which were comprised by samples from cutaneous (n = 30) and mucosal (n = 30) leishmaniasis patients, as well as from healthy individuals living in endemic region of disease (n = 45), of patients with Chagas disease (n = 30), leprosy (n = 35), malaria (n = 15) or HIV-infected (n = 20). Results showed that serum-based ELISA presented sensitivity of 24.0 %, 100 % and 41.0 %, when SLA, rLiHyA and synthetic peptide were used as antigens, and specificity of 98.4 %, 98.4 % and 98.4 %, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated and results were 0.74, 1.0, and 0.71, respectively, when SLA, rLiHyA and synthetic peptide were used as antigens. Performing an urine-based ELISA, sensitivity was 28.0 %, 100 % and 75.0 %, respectively, when SLA, rLiHyA, and synthetic peptide were used, while specificity values were of 98.4 %, 98.4 % and 98.4 %, respectively. In addition, the AUC values were 0.82, 1.0, and 0.94, respectively. A significant drop in specific antibodies levels in both patientś serum and urine samples was found six months after treatment, suggesting a prognostic role of rLiHyA for TL. In conclusion, preliminary data suggest the potential of use patient urine to TL diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel S B Câmara
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Isabela A G Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniela P Lage
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danniele L Vale
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ludolf
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-110 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nathália C Galvani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Camila S Freitas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João A Oliveira-da-Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bárbara P N Assis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 Minas Gerais, Brazil; Hospital Eduardo de Menezes, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30622-020 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana T Chaves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mário S Giusta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Grasiele S V Tavares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - César N Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alexsandro S Galdino
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, 35.501-296 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Unaí Tupinambás
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa P M Pascoal
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, 30190-009 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcela T C Eller
- Policlínica Municipal Doutor Roberto Shuffner, Teófilo Otoni, 39803-001 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Manoel O da Costa Rocha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Myron Christodoulides
- Neisseria Research Group, Molecular Microbiology, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, England
| | - Ricardo A Machado-de-Ávila
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, 88806-000 Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Denise U Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A F Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901 Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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4
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Téblick L, Lipovac M, Bell M, De Smet A, De Meester I, Delputte P, Vorsters A. Stability, enrichment, and quantification of total and HPV16-specific IgG present in first-void urine. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14441. [PMID: 38910149 PMCID: PMC11194269 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65257-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
First-void urine (FVU) samples, containing human papillomavirus (HPV)-specific IgG from female genital tract secretions, provide a non-invasive option for disease monitoring and vaccine impact assessment. This study explores the utility of FVU for IgG quantification, exploring stability and compatibility with DNA preservation methods, alongside various IgG enrichment methods. Healthy female volunteers provided FVU and serum samples. FVU was collected with or without urine conservation medium (UCM) and stored under different conditions before freezing at -80 °C. Four IgG enrichment methods were tested on FVU samples. All samples were analyzed using three total human IgG quantification assays and an in-house HPV16-specific IgG assay. Samples stored with UCM buffer had higher total and HPV16-specific IgG concentrations (p ≤ 0.01) and IgG remained stable for at least 14 days at room temperature. Among IgG enrichment methods, Amicon filtration (AM) and AM combined with Melon Gel purification (AM-MG) provided similar HPV16-IgG concentrations, correlating strongly with serum levels. Protein G magnetic beads methods were incompatible with time-resolved fluorescence-based assays. This study highlights FVU as a reliable and convenient sample for IgG quantification, demonstrating stability for at least 14 days at room temperature and compatibility with UCM DNA preservation. It emphasizes the need to select appropriate IgG enrichment methods and confirms the suitability of both AM and AM-MG methods, with a slightly better performance for AM-MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Téblick
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Marijana Lipovac
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Margo Bell
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Annemie De Smet
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ingrid De Meester
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter Delputte
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Alex Vorsters
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium
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5
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Song K, Xue W, Li X, Chang Y, Liu M. Self-Assembly of Single-Virus SERS Hotspots for Highly Sensitive In Situ Detection of SARS-CoV-2 on Solid Surfaces. Anal Chem 2024; 96:8830-8836. [PMID: 38693713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Microbial surface transmission has aroused great attention since the pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Developing a simple in situ detection method for viruses on solid surfaces is of great significance for timely public health surveillance. Taking advantage of the natural structure of SARS-CoV-2, we reported the assembly of Au@AgNPs on the surface of a single virus by the specific aptamer-spike protein interaction. Multiple hotspots can be created between the neighboring Au@AgNPs for the highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection of SARS-CoV-2. Using two different aptamers labeled with Cy3 and Au@AgNPs, in situ SERS detection of pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 (PSV) on packaging surfaces was achieved within 20 min, with a detection limit of 5.26 TCID50/mL. For the blind testing of 20 PSV-contaminated packaging samples, this SERS aptasensor had a sensitivity of 100% and an accuracy of 100%. This assay has been successfully applied to in situ detection of PSV on the surfaces of different packaging materials, suggesting its potential applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyun Song
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), Dalian POCT laboratory, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wei Xue
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), Dalian POCT laboratory, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), Dalian POCT laboratory, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yangyang Chang
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), Dalian POCT laboratory, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Meng Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), Dalian POCT laboratory, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Koirala P, Dhakal S, Malla B, Ghimire A, Siddiqui MA, Dawadi P. SARS-CoV-2 Burden in Wastewater and its Elimination Using Disinfection. Microbiol Insights 2023; 16:11786361231201598. [PMID: 37745090 PMCID: PMC10517603 DOI: 10.1177/11786361231201598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pathogenic viruses have been abundant and diverse in wastewater, reflecting the pattern of infection in humans. Human feces, urine, and perhaps other washouts that frequently circulate in sewage systems may contaminate wastewater with SARS-CoV-2. It's crucial to effectively disinfect wastewater since poorly handled wastewater could put the population at risk of infection. Aims To emphasize the presence and spread of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage (wastewater) through viral shedding from the patients to detect the virus in the population using wastewater-based epidemiology. Also, to effectively manage the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and reduce the spread of the virus in the population using disinfectants is highlighted. Methods We evaluated articles from December 2019 to August 2022 that addressed SARS-CoV-2 shedding in wastewater and surveillance through wastewater-based epidemiology. We included the papers on wastewater disinfection for the elimination of SARS-CoV-2. Google Scholar, PubMed, and Research4Life are the three electronic databases from which all of the papers were retrieved. Results It is possible for viral shedding to get into the wastewater. The enumeration of viral RNA from it can be used to monitor virus circulation in the human community. SARS-CoV-2 can be removed from wastewater by using modern disinfection techniques such as sodium hypochlorite, liquid chlorine, chlorine dioxide, peracetic acid, and ultraviolet light. Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 burden estimates at the population level can be obtained via longitudinal examination of wastewater, and SARS-CoV-2 can be removed from the wastewater through disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanna Koirala
- National Animal Breeding and Genetics Research Center, Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Sandesh Dhakal
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Bikram Malla
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Archana Ghimire
- Department of Development Education, School of Education, Kathmandu University, Hattiban, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Mohammad Ataullah Siddiqui
- Molecular Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Science, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Prabin Dawadi
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
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7
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Ramos FF, Pereira IAG, Cardoso MM, Bandeira RS, Lage DP, Scussel R, Anastacio RS, Freire VG, Melo MFN, Oliveira-da-Silva JA, Martins VT, Tavares GSV, Vale DL, Freitas CS, Chaves AT, Caporali JFM, Vassallo PF, Ravetti CG, Nobre V, Fonseca FG, Christodoulides M, Machado-de-Ávila RA, Coelho EAF, Ludolf F. B-Cell Epitopes-Based Chimeric Protein from SARS-CoV-2 N and S Proteins Is Recognized by Specific Antibodies in Serum and Urine Samples from Patients. Viruses 2023; 15:1877. [PMID: 37766284 PMCID: PMC10538162 DOI: 10.3390/v15091877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus underscored the crucial role of laboratorial tests as a strategy to control the disease, mainly to indicate the presence of specific antibodies in human samples from infected patients. Therefore, suitable recombinant antigens are relevant for the development of reliable tests, and so far, single recombinant proteins have been used. In this context, B-cell epitopes-based chimeric proteins can be an alternative to obtain tests with high accuracy through easier and cheaper production. The present study used bioinformatics tools to select specific B-cell epitopes from the spike (S) and the nucleocapsid (N) proteins from the SARS-CoV-2 virus, aiming to produce a novel recombinant chimeric antigen (N4S11-SC2). Eleven S and four N-derived B-cell epitopes were predicted and used to construct the N4S11-SC2 protein, which was analyzed in a recombinant format against serum and urine samples, by means of an in house-ELISA. Specific antibodies were detected in the serum and urine samples of COVID-19 patients, which were previously confirmed by qRT-PCR. Results showed that N4S11-SC2 presented 83.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity when using sera samples, and 91.1% sensitivity and 100% specificity using urine samples. Comparable findings were achieved with paired urine samples when compared to N and S recombinant proteins expressed in prokaryotic systems. However, better results were reached for N4S11-SC2 in comparison to the S recombinant protein when using paired serum samples. Anti-N4S11-SC2 antibodies were not clearly identified in Janssen Ad26.COV2.S COVID-19-vaccinated subjects, using serum or paired urine samples. In conclusion, this study presents a new chimeric recombinant antigen expressed in a prokaryotic system that could be considered as an alternative diagnostic marker for the SARS-CoV-2 infection, with the potential benefits to be used on serum or urine from infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda F. Ramos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (F.F.R.); (I.A.G.P.); (M.M.C.); (E.A.F.C.)
| | - Isabela A. G. Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (F.F.R.); (I.A.G.P.); (M.M.C.); (E.A.F.C.)
| | - Mariana M. Cardoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (F.F.R.); (I.A.G.P.); (M.M.C.); (E.A.F.C.)
| | - Raquel S. Bandeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (F.F.R.); (I.A.G.P.); (M.M.C.); (E.A.F.C.)
| | - Daniela P. Lage
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (F.F.R.); (I.A.G.P.); (M.M.C.); (E.A.F.C.)
| | - Rahisa Scussel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma 88806-000, Santa Catarina, Brazil (R.A.M.-d.-Á.)
| | - Rafaela S. Anastacio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma 88806-000, Santa Catarina, Brazil (R.A.M.-d.-Á.)
| | - Victor G. Freire
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma 88806-000, Santa Catarina, Brazil (R.A.M.-d.-Á.)
| | - Marina F. N. Melo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (F.F.R.); (I.A.G.P.); (M.M.C.); (E.A.F.C.)
| | - Joao A. Oliveira-da-Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (F.F.R.); (I.A.G.P.); (M.M.C.); (E.A.F.C.)
| | - Vivian T. Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (F.F.R.); (I.A.G.P.); (M.M.C.); (E.A.F.C.)
| | - Grasiele S. V. Tavares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (F.F.R.); (I.A.G.P.); (M.M.C.); (E.A.F.C.)
| | - Danniele L. Vale
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (F.F.R.); (I.A.G.P.); (M.M.C.); (E.A.F.C.)
| | - Camila S. Freitas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (F.F.R.); (I.A.G.P.); (M.M.C.); (E.A.F.C.)
| | - Ana Thereza Chaves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (F.F.R.); (I.A.G.P.); (M.M.C.); (E.A.F.C.)
| | - Júlia F. M. Caporali
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (F.F.R.); (I.A.G.P.); (M.M.C.); (E.A.F.C.)
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paula F. Vassallo
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cecilia G. Ravetti
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vandack Nobre
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (F.F.R.); (I.A.G.P.); (M.M.C.); (E.A.F.C.)
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Flavio G. Fonseca
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas (CT Vacinas), BH-Tec, UFMG, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Myron Christodoulides
- Neisseria Research Group, Molecular Microbiology, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Ricardo A. Machado-de-Ávila
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma 88806-000, Santa Catarina, Brazil (R.A.M.-d.-Á.)
| | - Eduardo A. F. Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (F.F.R.); (I.A.G.P.); (M.M.C.); (E.A.F.C.)
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ludolf
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (F.F.R.); (I.A.G.P.); (M.M.C.); (E.A.F.C.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-110, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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8
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Vasei M, Jafari E, Falah Azad V, Safavi M, Sotoudeh M. Molecular Diagnosis of COVID-19; Biosafety and Pre-analytical Recommendations. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 18:244-256. [PMID: 37942195 PMCID: PMC10628373 DOI: 10.30699/ijp.2023.1988405.3061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
From the beginning of the COVID-19 epidemic, clinical laboratories around the world have been involved with tests for detection of SARS-CoV-2. At present, RT-PCR (real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay) is seen as the gold standard for identifying the virus. Many factors are involved in achieving the highest accuracy in this test, including parameters related to the pre-analysis stage. Having instructions on the type of sample, how to take the sample, and its storage and transportation help control the interfering factors at this stage. Studies have shown that pre-analytical factors might be the cause of the high SARS-CoV-2 test false-negative rates. Also, the safety of personnel in molecular laboratories is of utmost importance, and it requires strict guidelines to ensure the safety of exposed individuals and prevent the virus from spreading. Since the onset of the outbreak, various instructions and guidelines have been developed in this field by the institutions and the Ministry of Health of each country; these guidelines are seriously in need of integration and operation. In this study, we try to collect all the information and research done from the beginning of this pandemic in December 2019 - August 2022 concerning biosafety and protective measures, sample types, sampling methods, container, and storage solutions, sampling equipment, and sample storage and transportation for molecular testing of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Vasei
- Molecular Pathology and Cytogenetics Division, Pathology Department, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cell-BasedTherapies Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shari'ati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Jafari
- Molecular Pathology and Cytogenetics Division, Pathology Department, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pathology and Stem Cells Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Vahid Falah Azad
- Molecular Pathology and Cytogenetics Division, Pathology Department, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moeinadin Safavi
- Molecular Pathology and Cytogenetics Division, Pathology Department, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sotoudeh
- Molecular Pathology and Cytogenetics Division, Pathology Department, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Tang YN, Jiang D, Wang X, Liu Y, Wei D. Recent progress on rapid diagnosis of COVID-19 by point-of-care testing platforms. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2023; 35:108688. [PMID: 37362324 PMCID: PMC10266891 DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 has drawn great attention around the world. SARS-CoV-2 is a highly infectious virus with occult transmission by many mutations and a long incubation period. In particular, the emergence of asymptomatic infections has made the epidemic even more severe. Therefore, early diagnosis and timely management of suspected cases are essential measures to control the spread of the virus. Developing simple, portable, and accurate diagnostic techniques for SARS-CoV-2 is the key to epidemic prevention. The advantages of point-of-care testing technology make it play an increasingly important role in viral detection and screening. This review summarizes the point-of-care testing platforms developed by nucleic acid detection, immunological detection, and nanomaterial-based biosensors detection. Furthermore, this paper provides a prospect for designing future highly accurate, cheap, and convenient SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dingding Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xuejun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Institute of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dacheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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10
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Salahandish R, Hyun JE, Haghayegh F, Tabrizi HO, Moossavi S, Khetani S, Ayala‐Charca G, Berenger BM, Niu YD, Ghafar‐Zadeh E, Nezhad AS. CoVSense: Ultrasensitive Nucleocapsid Antigen Immunosensor for Rapid Clinical Detection of Wildtype and Variant SARS-CoV-2. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206615. [PMID: 36995043 PMCID: PMC10214237 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The widespread accessibility of commercial/clinically-viable electrochemical diagnostic systems for rapid quantification of viral proteins demands translational/preclinical investigations. Here, Covid-Sense (CoVSense) antigen testing platform; an all-in-one electrochemical nano-immunosensor for sample-to-result, self-validated, and accurate quantification of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleocapsid (N)-proteins in clinical examinations is developed. The platform's sensing strips benefit from a highly-sensitive, nanostructured surface, created through the incorporation of carboxyl-functionalized graphene nanosheets, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) conductive polymers, enhancing the overall conductivity of the system. The nanoengineered surface chemistry allows for compatible direct assembly of bioreceptor molecules. CoVSense offers an inexpensive (<$2 kit) and fast/digital response (<10 min), measured using a customized hand-held reader (<$25), enabling data-driven outbreak management. The sensor shows 95% clinical sensitivity and 100% specificity (Ct<25), and overall sensitivity of 91% for combined symptomatic/asymptomatic cohort with wildtype SARS-CoV-2 or B.1.1.7 variant (N = 105, nasal/throat samples). The sensor correlates the N-protein levels to viral load, detecting high Ct values of ≈35, with no sample preparation steps, while outperforming the commercial rapid antigen tests. The current translational technology fills the gap in the workflow of rapid, point-of-care, and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Salahandish
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic LaboratoryDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABT2N 1N4Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing EngineeringUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABT2N 1N4Canada
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnologies for Health Assessments (LAB‐HA)Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceLassonde School of EngineeringYork UniversityTorontoM3J 1P3Canada
| | - Jae Eun Hyun
- Department of Ecosystem and Public HealthFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABT2N 1N4Canada
| | - Fatemeh Haghayegh
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic LaboratoryDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABT2N 1N4Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing EngineeringUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABT2N 1N4Canada
| | - Hamed Osouli Tabrizi
- Biologically Inspired Sensors and Actuators (BioSA)Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceLassonde School of EngineeringYork UniversityTorontoM3J 1P3Canada
| | - Shirin Moossavi
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic LaboratoryDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABT2N 1N4Canada
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABT2N 1N4Canada
- International Microbiome CentreCumming School of MedicineHealth Sciences CentreUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABT2N 1N4Canada
| | - Sultan Khetani
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic LaboratoryDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABT2N 1N4Canada
| | - Giancarlo Ayala‐Charca
- Biologically Inspired Sensors and Actuators (BioSA)Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceLassonde School of EngineeringYork UniversityTorontoM3J 1P3Canada
| | - Byron M. Berenger
- Alberta Public Health LaboratoryAlberta Precision Laboratories3330 Hospital DriveCalgaryABT2N 4W4Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABT2N 1N4Canada
| | - Yan Dong Niu
- Department of Ecosystem and Public HealthFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABT2N 1N4Canada
| | - Ebrahim Ghafar‐Zadeh
- Biologically Inspired Sensors and Actuators (BioSA)Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceLassonde School of EngineeringYork UniversityTorontoM3J 1P3Canada
| | - Amir Sanati Nezhad
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic LaboratoryDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABT2N 1N4Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing EngineeringUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABT2N 1N4Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate ProgramUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABT2N 1N4Canada
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A urine-based ELISA with recombinant non-glycosylated SARS-CoV-2 spike protein for detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4345. [PMID: 36927952 PMCID: PMC10018619 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31382-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Serological assays have been widely used to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, which are generated from previous exposure to the virus or after vaccination. The presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid antibodies was recently reported in patients´ urine using an in-house urine-based ELISA-platform, allowing a non-invasive way to collect clinical samples and assess immune conversion. In the current study, we evaluated and validated another in-house urine-based ELISA for the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike antibodies. Three partial recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike proteins comprising the Receptor Binding Domain, expressed in eukaryotic or prokaryotic systems, were tested in an ELISA platform against a panel of over 140 urine and paired serum samples collected from 106 patients confirmed positive for SARS-CoV-2 by qRT-PCR. The key findings from our study were that anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike antibodies could be detected in urine samples and that the prokaryotic expression of the rSARS-CoV-2 Spike protein was not a barrier to obtain relatively high serology efficiency for the urine-based assay. Thus, use of a urine-based ELISA assay with partial rSARS-CoV-2 Spike proteins, expressed in a prokaryotic system, could be considered as a convenient tool for screening for the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike antibodies, and overcome the difficulties arising from sample collection and the need for recombinant proteins produced with eukaryotic expression systems.
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Ludolf F, Ramos FF, Coelho EAF. Immunoproteomics and phage display in the context of leishmaniasis complexity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1112894. [PMID: 36845148 PMCID: PMC9946295 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1112894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is defined as a complex of diseases caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania, which comprises 20 parasite species pathogenic to mammalians, such as humans and dogs. From a clinical point of view, and considering the diversity and biological complexity of the parasites, vectors, and vertebrate hosts, leishmaniasis is classified according to the distinct clinical manifestations, such as tegumentary (involving the cutaneous, mucosal, and cutaneous-diffuse forms) and visceral leishmaniasis. Many issues and challenges remain unaddressed, which could be attributed to the complexity and diversity of the disease. The current demand for the identification of new Leishmania antigenic targets for the development of multicomponent-based vaccines, as well as for the production of specific diagnostic tests, is evident. In recent years, biotechnological tools have allowed the identification of several Leishmania biomarkers that might potentially be used for diagnosis and have an application in vaccine development. In this Mini Review, we discuss the different aspects of this complex disease that have been addressed by technologies such as immunoproteomics and phage display. It is extremely important to be aware of the potential applications of antigens selected in different screening context, so that they can be used appropriately, so understanding their performance, characteristics, and self-limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Ludolf
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F. Ramos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A. F. Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Colégio Técnico (COLTEC), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Vengesai A, Naicker T, Midzi H, Kasambala M, Muleya V, Chipako I, Choto E, Moyo P, Mduluza T. Peptide microarray analysis of in-silico predicted B-cell epitopes in SARS-CoV-2 sero-positive healthcare workers in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. Acta Trop 2023; 238:106781. [PMID: 36460093 PMCID: PMC9705268 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Immunogenic peptides that mimic linear B-cell epitopes coupled with immunoassay validation may improve serological tests for emerging diseases. This study reports a general approach for profiling linear B-cell epitopes derived from SARS-CoV-2 using an in-silico method and peptide microarray immunoassay, using healthcare workers' SARS-CoV-2 sero-positive sera. SARS-CoV-2 was tested using rapid chromatographic immunoassays and real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Immunogenic peptides mimicking linear B-cell epitopes were predicted in-silico using ABCpred. Peptides with the lowest sequence identity with human protein and proteins from other human pathogens were selected using the NCBI Protein BLAST. IgG and IgM antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, membrane glycoprotein and nucleocapsid derived peptides were measured in sera using peptide microarray immunoassay. Fifty-three healthcare workers included in the study were RT-PCR negative for SARS-CoV-2. Using rapid chromatographic immunoassays, 10 were SARS-CoV-2 IgM sero-positive and 7 were SARS-CoV-2 IgG sero-positive. From a total of 10 SARS-CoV-2 peptides contained on the microarray, 3 (QTH34388.1-1-14, QTN64908.1-135-148, and QLL35955.1-22-35) showed reactivity against IgG. Three peptides (QSM17284.1-76-89, QTN64908.1-135-148 and QPK73947.1-8-21) also showed reactivity against IgM. Based on the results we predicted one peptide (QSM17284.1-76-89) that had an acceptable diagnostic performance. Peptide QSM17284.1-76-89 was able to detect IgM antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 with area under the curve (AUC) 0.781 when compared to commercial antibody tests. In conclusion in silico peptide prediction and peptide microarray technology may provide a platform for the development of serological tests for emerging infectious diseases such as COVID-19. However, we recommend using at least three in-silico peptide prediction tools to improve the sensitivity and specificity of B-cell epitope prediction, to predict peptides with excellent diagnostic performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Vengesai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Midlands State University, Senga Road, Gweru, Zimbabwe.
| | - Thajasvarie Naicker
- Discipline of Optics and Imaging, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, College of Health Sciences Durban, ZA, South Africa
| | - Herald Midzi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Maritha Kasambala
- Department of Biological Sciences and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Victor Muleya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Midlands State University, Senga Road, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - Isaac Chipako
- Aravas Pharmaceuticals Pvt LTD, Prospect Industrial Area, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Emilia Choto
- Immunology Department, Simon Mazorodze School of Medical and Health Sciences, Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe
| | - Praise Moyo
- Department of Applied Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Midlands State University, Senga Road, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - Takafira Mduluza
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
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14
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Patil AA, Kaushik P, Jain RD, Dandekar PP. Assessment of Urinary Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases Using Lateral Flow Assays: A Comprehensive Overview. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:9-22. [PMID: 36512677 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Screening of biomarkers is a powerful approach for providing a holistic view of the disease spectrum and facilitating the diagnosis and prognosis of the state of infectious diseases. Unaffected by the homeostasis mechanism in the human body, urine accommodates systemic changes and reflects the pathophysiological condition of an individual. Easy availability in large volumes and non-invasive sample collection have rendered urine an ideal source of biomarkers for various diseases. Infectious diseases may be communicable, and therefore early diagnosis and treatment are of immense importance. Current diagnostic approaches preclude the timely identification of clinical conditions and also lack portability. Point-of-care (POC) testing solutions have gained attention as alternative diagnostic measures due to their ability to provide rapid and on-site results. Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are the mainstay in POC device development and have attracted interest owing to their potential to provide instantaneous results in resource-limited settings. The discovery and optimization of a definitive biomarker can render POC testing an excellent platform, thus impacting unwarranted antibiotic administration and preventing the spread of infectious diseases. This Review summarizes the importance of urine as an emerging biological fluid in infectious disease research and diagnosis in clinical settings. We review the academic research related to LFAs. Further, we also describe commercial POC devices based on the identification of urinary biomarkers as diagnostic targets for infectious diseases. We also discuss the future use of LFAs in developing more effective POC tests for urinary biomarkers of various infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini A Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N.P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019, India
| | - Preeti Kaushik
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N.P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019, India
| | - Ratnesh D Jain
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N.P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019, India
| | - Prajakta P Dandekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N.P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019, India
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Szczerska M, Wityk P, Listewnik P. The SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies biophotonic sensor. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202200172. [PMID: 36222282 PMCID: PMC9874777 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present the design and the principle of operation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) biophotonic sensor, which is based on the single-mode telecommunication fiber. We fabricated the sensor head at the face of the single mode fiber-28. Due to the process of bio-functionalization, our sensor has the ability to selectively detect the SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies. The results of preliminary tests allowed us to correctly determine the presence of antibodies in less than 1 min in 5 μl in a volume sample of concentration of 10 μg/ml, which according to studies, corresponds to the concentration of IgG antibodies in human serum. Additionally, the tested sample can be smaller than 5 μl in volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Szczerska
- Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and InformaticsGdańsk University of TechnologyGdańskPoland
| | - Paweł Wityk
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and PharmacodynamicsMedical University of GdańskGdańskPoland
| | - Paulina Listewnik
- Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and InformaticsGdańsk University of TechnologyGdańskPoland
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Zhang Z, Yao T, Han H, Ma Z. Universal and High-Speed Zeptomolar Protein Serum Assay with Unprecedented Sensitivity. Anal Chem 2022; 94:16231-16236. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ze Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Tao Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hongliang Han
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhanfang Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
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17
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Bagno FF, Sérgio SAR, Figueiredo MM, Godoi LC, Andrade LAF, Salazar NC, Soares CP, Aguiar A, Almeida FJ, da Silva ED, Ferreira AGP, Durigon EL, Gazzinelli RT, Teixeira SMR, Fernandes APSM, da Fonseca FG. DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AN ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOASSAY KIT FOR DIAGNOSIS AND SURVEILLANCE OF COVID-19. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY PLUS 2022:100103. [PMID: 35993012 PMCID: PMC9384617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcvp.2022.100103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a massive demand to identify alternative methods to detect new cases of COVID-19 as well as to investigate the epidemiology of the disease. In many countries, importation of commercial kits poses a significant impact on their testing capacity and increases the costs for the public health system. We have developed an ELISA to detect IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 using a recombinant viral nucleocapsid (rN) protein expressed in E. coli. Using a total of 894 clinical samples we showed that the rN-ELISA was able to detect IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 with high sensitivity (97.5%) and specificity (96.3%) when compared to a commercial antibody test. After three external validation studies, we showed that the test accuracy was higher than 90%. The rN-ELISA IgG kit constitutes a convenient and specific method for the large-scale determination of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in human sera with high reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia F Bagno
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas (CT Vacinas), BH-Tec, UFMG. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sarah A R Sérgio
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas (CT Vacinas), BH-Tec, UFMG. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Marta Figueiredo
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas (CT Vacinas), BH-Tec, UFMG. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Minas Gerais, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Lara C Godoi
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas (CT Vacinas), BH-Tec, UFMG. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luis A F Andrade
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas (CT Vacinas), BH-Tec, UFMG. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Natália C Salazar
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas (CT Vacinas), BH-Tec, UFMG. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Camila P Soares
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Andressa Aguiar
- Geriatric and Convalescent Hospital Dom Pedro II, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia Jaqueline Almeida
- Department of Pediatrics, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Edimilson D da Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antônio G P Ferreira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Edison Luiz Durigon
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo T Gazzinelli
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas (CT Vacinas), BH-Tec, UFMG. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Santuza M R Teixeira
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas (CT Vacinas), BH-Tec, UFMG. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Depto de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula S M Fernandes
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas (CT Vacinas), BH-Tec, UFMG. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Farmácia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Flavio G da Fonseca
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas (CT Vacinas), BH-Tec, UFMG. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Depto de Microbiologia, ICB/UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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18
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Bagno FF, Sérgio SA, Figueiredo MM, Godoi LC, Andrade LA, Salazar NC, Soares CP, Aguiar A, Almeida FJ, da Silva ED, Ferreira AG, Durigon EL, Gazzinelli RT, Teixeira SM, Fernandes APS, da Fonseca FG. Development and validation of an enzyme-linked immunoassay kit for diagnosis and surveillance of COVID-19. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY PLUS 2022; 2:100101. [PMID: 35959109 PMCID: PMC9356643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcvp.2022.100101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a massive demand to identify alternative methods to detect new cases of COVID-19 as well as to investigate the epidemiology of the disease. In many countries, importation of commercial kits poses a significant impact on their testing capacity and increases the costs for the public health system. We have developed an ELISA to detect IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 using a recombinant viral nucleocapsid (rN) protein expressed in E. coli. Using a total of 894 clinical samples we showed that the rN-ELISA was able to detect IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 with high sensitivity (97.5%) and specificity (96.3%) when compared to a commercial antibody test. After three external validation studies, we showed that the test accuracy was higher than 90%. The rN-ELISA IgG kit constitutes a convenient and specific method for the large-scale determination of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in human sera with high reliability.
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