1
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Petrus E, Buils J, Garay-Ruiz D, Segado-Centellas M, Bo C. POMSimulator: An open-source tool for predicting the aqueous speciation and self-assembly mechanisms of polyoxometalates. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:2242-2250. [PMID: 38826122 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Elucidating the speciation (in terms of concentration versus pH) and understanding the formation mechanisms of polyoxometalates remains a significant challenge, both in experimental and computational domains. POMSimulator is a new methodology that tackles this problem from a purely computational perspective. The methodology uses results from quantum mechanics based methods to automatically set up the chemical reaction network, and to build speciation models. As a result, it becomes possible to predict speciation and phase diagrams, as well as to derive new insights into the formation mechanisms of large molecular clusters. In this work we present the main features of the first open-source version of the software. Since the first report [Chem. Sci. 2020, 11, 8448-8456], POMSimulator has undergone several improvements to keep up with the growing challenges that were tackled. After four years of research, we recognize that the source code is sufficiently stable to share a polished and user-friendly version. The Python code, manual, examples, and install instructions can be found at https://github.com/petrusen/pomsimulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enric Petrus
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, EAWAG: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jordi Buils
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Diego Garay-Ruiz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Mireia Segado-Centellas
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carles Bo
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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2
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Poejo J, Gumerova NI, Rompel A, Mata AM, Aureliano M, Gutierrez-Merino C. Unveiling the agonistic properties of Preyssler-type Polyoxotungstates on purinergic P2 receptors. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 259:112640. [PMID: 38968927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The Preyssler-type polyoxotungstate ({P5W30}) belongs to the family of polyanionic metal-oxides formed by group V and VI metal ions, such as V, Mo and W, commonly known as polyoxometalates (POMs). POMs have demonstrated inhibitory effect on a significant number of ATP-binding proteins in vitro. Purinergic P2 receptors, widely expressed in eukaryotic cells, contain extracellularly oriented ATP-binding sites and play many biological roles with health implications. In this work, we use the immortalized mouse hippocampal neuronal HT-22 cells in culture to study the effects of {P5W30} on the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. Changes in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration were monitored using fluorescence microscopy of HT-22 cells loaded with the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator Fluo3. 31P-Nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of {P5W30} indicate its stability in the medium used for cytosolic Ca2+ measurements for over 30 min. The findings reveal that addition of {P5W30} to the extracellular medium induces a sustained increase of the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration within minutes. This Ca2+ increase is triggered by extracellular Ca2+ entry into the cells and is dose-dependent, with a half-of-effect concentration of 0.25 ± 0.05 μM {P5W30}. In addition, after the {P5W30}-induced cytosolic Ca2+ increase, the transient Ca2+ peak induced by extracellular ATP is reduced up to 100% with an apparent half-of-effect concentration of 0.15 ± 0.05 μM {P5W30}. Activation of metabotropic purinergic P2 receptors affords about 80% contribution to the increase of Fluo3 fluorescence elicited by {P5W30} in HT-22 cells, whereas ionotropic receptors contribute, at most, with 20%. These results suggest that {P5W30} could serve as a novel agonist of purinergic P2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Poejo
- Instituto de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Nadiia I Gumerova
- Universität Wien, Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Annette Rompel
- Universität Wien, Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ana M Mata
- Instituto de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Manuel Aureliano
- DCBB, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 8000-139 Faro, Portugal; Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, 8000-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Gutierrez-Merino
- Instituto de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain.
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3
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Tito G, Ferraro G, Pisanu F, Garribba E, Merlino A. Non-Covalent and Covalent Binding of New Mixed-Valence Cage-like Polyoxidovanadate Clusters to Lysozyme. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406669. [PMID: 38842919 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The high-resolution X-ray structures of the model protein lysozyme in the presence of the potential drug [VIVO(acetylacetonato)2] from crystals grown in 1.1 M NaCl, 0.1 M sodium acetate at pH 4.0 reveal the binding to the protein of different and unexpected mixed-valence cage-like polyoxidovanadates (POVs): [V15O36(OH2)]5-, which non-covalently interacts with the lysozyme surface, [V15O33(OH2)]+ and [V20O51(OH2)]n- (this latter based on an unusual {V18O43} cage) which covalently bind the protein. EPR spectroscopy confirms the partial oxidation of VIV to VV and the formation of mixed-valence species. The results indicate that the interaction with proteins can stabilize the structure of unexpected - both for dimension and architecture - POVs, not observed in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Tito
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giarita Ferraro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Federico Pisanu
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, Viale San Pietro, I-07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Eugenio Garribba
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, Viale San Pietro, I-07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonello Merlino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126, Napoli, Italy
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4
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Buils J, Garay-Ruiz D, Segado-Centellas M, Petrus E, Bo C. Computational insights into aqueous speciation of metal-oxide nanoclusters: an in-depth study of the Keggin phosphomolybdate. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc03282a. [PMID: 39156925 PMCID: PMC11325188 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03282a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Herein, we present a new computational methodology that unlocks the prediction of the complex multi-species multi-equilibria processes involved in the formation of complex metal-oxo nanoclusters. Relying on our recently introduced method named POMSimulator, we extended its capabilities and challenged its accuracy with the well-known phosphomolybdate [PMo12O40]3- Keggin anion system. We show how the use of statistical techniques enabled the processing of a vast number of speciation models and their associated systems of non-linear equations efficiently and in a scalable manner. Subsequently, this approach is applied to generate statistically averaged speciation diagrams and their associated error bars. Then, we unveil the previously unreported speciation phase diagram under varying [Mo]/[P] ratios vs. pH. Our findings align well with experimental data, indicating the prevalence of the Keggin {PMo12} as the primary species at low pH, but the lacunary {PMo11}and Strandberg {P2Mo5} anions also emerge as major species at other concentration ratios. Finally, from 7 × 104 speciation models we inferred a plausible reaction network across the diverse nuclearities present within the system, which underlines the role of trimers as key intermediate building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Buils
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Física i Química Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV) Marcel·lí Domingo 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Diego Garay-Ruiz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Mireia Segado-Centellas
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Física i Química Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV) Marcel·lí Domingo 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Enric Petrus
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Überlandstrasse 133 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Carles Bo
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Física i Química Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV) Marcel·lí Domingo 43007 Tarragona Spain
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5
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Colliard I, Deblonde GJP. Polyoxometalate Ligands Reveal Different Coordination Chemistries Among Lanthanides and Heavy Actinides. JACS AU 2024; 4:2503-2513. [PMID: 39055135 PMCID: PMC11267554 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Experimental studies involving actinide compounds are inherently limited in scope due to the radioactive nature of these elements and the scarcity and cost of their research isotopes. Now, ∼80 years after the introduction of the actinide concept by Glenn Seaborg, we still only have a limited understanding of the coordination chemistry of f-block metals when compared to more common elements such as the s-, p-, and d-blocks. This is particularly true for transplutonium actinides (Am, Cm, Bk, etc.) whose chemistry is often considered similar to trivalent lanthanides-mainly because of the lack of experimental data. We here report a metal-ligand system for which lanthanide and heavy actinide coordination compounds can be synthesized efficiently (i.e., requiring only a few micrograms) under identical conditions. Seventeen single crystal XRD structures of trivalent f-elements complexed to the polyoxometalate (POM) PW11O39 7- were obtained, including the full lanthanide series (Cs11Ln(PW11O39)2·nH2O, Ln = La to Lu, except Pm), the equivalent yttrium compound, a curium-POM compound (α2-Cs11Cm(PW11O39)2·33H2O), and the first two Am3+-POM compounds structurally characterized (α1-Cs11Am(PW11O39)2·6H2O and α2-Cs11Am(PW11O39)2·21H2O). Importantly, this represents a unique series of compounds built on the same 1:2 metal:ligand unit and where all the f-elements are 8-coordinated and squared antiprismatic, thus providing a consistent platform for intra- and inter-series comparison. Despite a similar first coordination sphere environment, significant crystallographic and spectroscopic differences were observed among early and late lanthanides, as well as lanthanides and actinides, and even between americium and curium. These results show that even within the same coordination chemistry framework, 4f and 5f elements exhibit fundamental chemical differences that cannot be explained by simple size-match arguments. This study offers a versatile coordination platform to magnify differences within the f-block that have remained difficult to observe with traditional ligand systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Colliard
- Physical
and Life Sciences Directorate, Glenn T. Seaborg Institute, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
- Material
Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Gauthier J.-P. Deblonde
- Physical
and Life Sciences Directorate, Glenn T. Seaborg Institute, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
- Nuclear
and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence
Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
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6
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Balcaen T, Benova A, de Jong F, de Oliveira Silva R, Cajka T, Sakellariou D, Tencerova M, Kerckhofs G, De Borggraeve WM. Exploring contrast-enhancing staining agents for studying adipose tissue through contrast-enhanced computed tomography. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100572. [PMID: 38823780 PMCID: PMC11259937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Contrast-enhanced computed tomography offers a nondestructive approach to studying adipose tissue in 3D. Several contrast-enhancing staining agents (CESAs) have been explored, whereof osmium tetroxide (OsO4) is the most popular nowadays. However, due to the toxicity and volatility of the conventional OsO4, alternative CESAs with similar staining properties were desired. Hf-WD 1:2 POM and Hexabrix have proven effective for structural analysis of adipocytes using contrast-enhanced computed tomography but fail to provide chemical information. This study introduces isotonic Lugol's iodine (IL) as an alternative CESA for adipose tissue analysis, comparing its staining potential with Hf-WD 1:2 POM and Hexabrix in murine caudal vertebrae and bovine muscle tissue strips. Single and sequential staining protocols were compared to assess the maximization of information extraction from each sample. The study investigated interactions, distribution, and reactivity of iodine species towards biomolecules using simplified model systems and assesses the potential of the CESA to provide chemical information. (Bio)chemical analyses on whole tissues revealed that differences in adipocyte gray values post-IL staining were associated with chemical distinctions between bovine muscle tissue and murine caudal vertebrae. More specific, a difference in the degree of unsaturation of fatty acids was identified as a likely contributor, though not the sole determinant of gray value differences. This research sheds light on the potential of IL as a CESA, offering both structural and chemical insights into adipose tissue composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Balcaen
- MolDesignS, Sustainable Chemistry for Metals and Molecules, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, Mechatronic, Electrical Energy and Dynamic Systems, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Pole of Morphology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrea Benova
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology of Bone, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Flip de Jong
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rodrigo de Oliveira Silva
- Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis, and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tomas Cajka
- Laboratory of Translational Metabolism, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dimitrios Sakellariou
- Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis, and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michaela Tencerova
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology of Bone, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Greet Kerckhofs
- Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, Mechatronic, Electrical Energy and Dynamic Systems, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Pole of Morphology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Wim M De Borggraeve
- MolDesignS, Sustainable Chemistry for Metals and Molecules, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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7
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Liu CL, Moussawi MA, Kalandia G, Salazar Marcano DE, Shepard WE, Parac-Vogt TN. Cavity-Directed Synthesis of Labile Polyoxometalates for Catalysis in Confined Spaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401940. [PMID: 38408301 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The artificial microenvironments inside coordination cages have gained significant attention for performing enzyme-like catalytic reactions by facilitating the formation of labile and complex molecules through a "ship-in-a-bottle" approach. Despite many fascinating examples, this approach remains scarcely explored in the context of synthesizing metallic clusters such as polyoxometalates (POMs). The development of innovative approaches to control and influence the speciation of POMs in aqueous solutions would greatly advance their applicability and could ultimately lead to the formation of elusive clusters that cannot be synthesized by using traditional methods. In this study, we employ host-guest stabilization within a coordination cage to enable a novel cavity-directed synthesis of labile POMs in aqueous solutions under mild conditions. The elusive Lindqvist [M6O19]2- (M=Mo or W) POMs were successfully synthesized at room temperature via the condensation of molybdate or tungstate building blocks within the confined cavity of a robust and water-soluble Pt6L4(NO3)12 coordination cage. Importantly, the encapsulation of these POMs enhances their stability in water, rendering them efficient catalysts for environmentally friendly and selective sulfoxidation reactions using H2O2 as a green oxidant in a pure aqueous medium. The approach developed in this paper offers a means to synthesize and stabilize the otherwise unstable metal-oxo clusters in water, which can broaden the scope of their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Lian Liu
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mhamad Aly Moussawi
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Givi Kalandia
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - William E Shepard
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Départementale 128, 91190, Saint-Aubin, France
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8
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Babaei Zarch M, Bazargan M, Mirzaei M. Selective Hydrolysis of Ovalbumin by Zr-Based Lacunary Polyoxotungstate in Surfactant Solutions. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:6141-6151. [PMID: 38530420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to design an artificial metalloprotease based on a Zr-containing polyoxometalate Na8[Zr(W5O18)2] [Zr(W5)2] for the hydrolysis of ovalbumin (OVA) in the presence of different surfactants, which can be used in many areas of the biological and medical sciences, particularly for targeted proteolytic drug design. For this reason, parameters, including the free energy of binding, the chemical nature of amino acid residues, secondary structures, and electrostatic potentials, of Zr(W5)2-OVA and Zr(W5)2-OVA-surfactant were analyzed by molecular docking simulations. The investigations showed that the presence of surfactants decreases the binding affinity of Zr(W5)2 for OVA amino acids, and hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions are formed between Zr(W5)2 and OVA amino acids. Additionally, GROMACS further illustrated the significance of SDS and CTAB surfactants in influencing the conformational changes of the OVA that lead to selective protein hydrolysis. In agreement with molecular dynamics simulation results, the experimental analysis showed more protein hydrolysis for the Zr(W5)2-OVA-surfactant systems. For instance, circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that Zr(W5)2-OVA-CTAB and Zr(W5)2-OVA-TX-100 were more hydrolytically efficient due to the increased level of β-structures rather than α-chains, which showed that surfactants can facilitate the accessibility of Zr(W5)2 to the cleavage sites by inducing partial unfolding of the OVA structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Babaei Zarch
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran
| | - Maryam Bazargan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran
| | - Masoud Mirzaei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran
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9
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Petrovskii SK, Grachova EV, Monakhov KY. Bioorthogonal chemistry of polyoxometalates - challenges and prospects. Chem Sci 2024; 15:4202-4221. [PMID: 38516091 PMCID: PMC10952089 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06284h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioorthogonal chemistry has enabled scientists to carry out controlled chemical processes in high yields in vivo while minimizing hazardous effects. Its extension to the field of polyoxometalates (POMs) could open up new possibilities and new applications in molecular electronics, sensing and catalysis, including inside living cells. However, this comes with many challenges that need to be addressed to effectively implement and exploit bioorthogonal reactions in the chemistry of POMs. In particular, how to protect POMs from the biological environment but make their reactivity selective towards specific bioorthogonal tags (and thereby reduce their toxicity), as well as which bioorthogonal chemistry protocols are suitable for POMs and how reactions can be carried out are questions that we are exploring herein. This perspective conceptualizes and discusses advances in the supramolecular chemistry of POMs, their click chemistry, and POM-based surface engineering to develop innovative bioorthogonal approaches tailored to POMs and to improve POM biological tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena V Grachova
- Institute of Chemistry, St Petersburg University Universitetskii pr. 26 St. Petersburg 198504 Russia
| | - Kirill Yu Monakhov
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM) Permoserstr. 15 Leipzig 04318 Germany
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10
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Song N, Lu M, Liu J, Lin M, Shangguan P, Wang J, Shi B, Zhao J. A Giant Heterometallic Polyoxometalate Nanocluster for Enhanced Brain-Targeted Glioma Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319700. [PMID: 38197646 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Giant heterometallic polyoxometalate (POM) clusters with precise atom structures, flexibly adjustable and abundant active sites are promising for constructing functional nanodrugs. However, current POM drugs are almost vacant in orthotopic brain tumor therapy due to the inability to effectively penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and low drug activity. Here, we designed the largest (3.0 nm × 6.0 nm) transition-metal-lanthanide co-encapsulated POM cluster {[Ce10 Ag6 (DMEA)(H2 O)27 W22 O70 ][B-α-TeW9 O33 ]9 }2 88- featuring 238 metal centers via synergistic coordination between two geometry-unrestricted Ce3+ and Ag+ linkers with tungsten-oxo cluster fragments. This POM was combined with brain-targeted peptide to prepare a brain-targeted nanodrug that could efficiently traverse BBB and target glioma cells. The Ag+ active centers in the nanodrug specifically activate reactive oxygen species to regulate the apoptosis pathway of glioma cells with a low half-maximal inhibitory concentration (5.66 μM). As the first brain-targeted POM drug, it efficiently prolongs the survival of orthotopic glioma-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizi Song
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Mengya Lu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Jiancai Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Ming Lin
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Ping Shangguan
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Jiefei Wang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Bingyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Junwei Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
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11
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Sánchez-Lara E, Favela R, Tzian K, Monroy-Torres B, Romo-Pérez A, Ramírez-Apan MT, Flores-Alamo M, Rodríguez-Diéguez A, Cepeda J, Castillo I. Effects of the tetravanadate [V 4O 12] 4- anion on the structural, magnetic, and biological properties of copper/phenanthroline complexes. J Biol Inorg Chem 2024; 29:139-158. [PMID: 38175299 PMCID: PMC11001746 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-02035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The aim to access linked tetravanadate [V4O12]4- anion with mixed copper(II) complexes, using α-amino acids and phenanthroline-derived ligands, resulted in the formation of four copper(II) complexes [Cu(dmb)(Gly)(OH2)]2[Cu(dmb)(Gly)]2[V4O12]·9H2O (1) [Cu(dmb)(Lys)]2[V4O12]·8H2O (2), [Cu(dmp)2][V4O12]·C2H5OH·11H2O (3), and [Cu(dmp)(Gly)Cl]·2H2O (4), where dmb = 4,4'-dimethioxy-2,2'-bipyridine; Gly = glycine; Lys = lysine; and dmp = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline. The [V4O12]4- anion is functionalized with mixed copper(II) units in 1 and 2; while in 3, it acts as a counterion of two [Cu(dmp)]2+ units. Compound 4 crystallized as a unit that did not incorporate the vanadium cluster. All compounds present magnetic couplings arising from Cu⋯O/Cu⋯Cu bridges. Stability studies of water-soluble 3 and 4 by UV-Vis spectroscopy in cell culture medium confirmed the robustness of 3, while 4 appears to undergo ligand scrambling over time, resulting partially in the stable species [Cu(dmp)2]+ that was also identified by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry at m/z = 479. The in vitro cytotoxicity activity of 3 and 4 was determined in six cancer cell lines; the healthy cell line COS-7 was also included for comparative purposes. MCF-7 cells were more sensitive to compound 3 with an IC50 value of 12 ± 1.2 nmol. The tested compounds did not show lipid peroxidation in the TBARS assay, ruling out a mechanism of action via reactive oxygen species formation. Both compounds inhibited cell migration at 5 µM in wound-healing assays using MCF-7, PC-3, and SKLU-1 cell lines, opening a new window to study the anti-metastatic effect of mixed vanadium-copper(II) systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Sánchez-Lara
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Interior, CU, 04510, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Roberto Favela
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Interior, CU, 04510, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Kitze Tzian
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Interior, CU, 04510, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Brian Monroy-Torres
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Interior, CU, 04510, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Adriana Romo-Pérez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Interior, CU, 04510, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - María Teresa Ramírez-Apan
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Interior, CU, 04510, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Marcos Flores-Alamo
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, CU, 04510, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Diéguez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Cepeda
- Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Química, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ivan Castillo
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Interior, CU, 04510, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
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12
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Salazar Marcano DE, Savić ND, Declerck K, Abdelhameed SAM, Parac-Vogt TN. Reactivity of metal-oxo clusters towards biomolecules: from discrete polyoxometalates to metal-organic frameworks. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:84-136. [PMID: 38015569 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00195d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Metal-oxo clusters hold great potential in several fields such as catalysis, materials science, energy storage, medicine, and biotechnology. These nanoclusters of transition metals with oxygen-based ligands have also shown promising reactivity towards several classes of biomolecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, nucleotides, sugars, and lipids. This reactivity can be leveraged to address some of the most pressing challenges we face today, from fighting various diseases, such as cancer and viral infections, to the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly energy sources. For instance, metal-oxo clusters and related materials have been shown to be effective catalysts for biomass conversion into renewable fuels and platform chemicals. Furthermore, their reactivity towards biomolecules has also attracted interest in the development of inorganic drugs and bioanalytical tools. Additionally, the structural versatility of metal-oxo clusters allows for the efficiency and selectivity of the biomolecular reactions they promote to be readily tuned, thereby providing a pathway towards reaction optimization. The properties of the catalyst can also be improved through incorporation into solid supports or by linking metal-oxo clusters together to form Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), which have been demonstrated to be powerful heterogeneous catalysts. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive and critical analysis of the state of the art on biomolecular transformations promoted by metal-oxo clusters and their applications, with a particular focus on structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nada D Savić
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Kilian Declerck
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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13
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Barba-Bon A, Gumerova NI, Tanuhadi E, Ashjari M, Chen Y, Rompel A, Nau WM. All-Inorganic Polyoxometalates Act as Superchaotropic Membrane Carriers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309219. [PMID: 37943506 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Polyoxometalates (POMs) are known antitumoral, antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer agents and considered as next-generation metallodrugs. Herein, a new biological functionality in neutral physiological media, where selected mixed-metal POMs are sufficiently stable and able to affect membrane transport of impermeable, hydrophilic, and cationic peptides (heptaarginine, heptalysine, protamine, and polyarginine) is reported. The uptake is observed in both, model membranes as well as cells, and attributed to the superchaotropic properties of the polyoxoanions. In view of the structural diversity of POMs these findings pave the way toward their biomedical application in drug delivery or for cell-biological uptake studies with biological effector molecules or staining agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Barba-Bon
- School of Science, Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, 28759, Bremen, Germany
| | - Nadiia I Gumerova
- Universität Wien, Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, Wien, 1090, Austria
| | - Elias Tanuhadi
- Universität Wien, Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, Wien, 1090, Austria
| | - Maryam Ashjari
- School of Science, Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, 28759, Bremen, Germany
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Science, Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, 28759, Bremen, Germany
| | - Annette Rompel
- Universität Wien, Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, Wien, 1090, Austria
| | - Werner M Nau
- School of Science, Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, 28759, Bremen, Germany
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14
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Konkova AV, Savina IV, Evtushok DV, Pozmogova TN, Solomatina MV, Nokhova AR, Alekseev AY, Kuratieva NV, Eltsov IV, Yanshole VV, Shestopalov AM, Ivanov AA, Shestopalov MA. Water-Soluble Polyoxometal Clusters of Molybdenum (V) with Pyrazole and Triazole: Synthesis and Study of Cytotoxicity and Antiviral Activity. Molecules 2023; 28:8079. [PMID: 38138569 PMCID: PMC10745505 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Among well-studied and actively developing compounds are polyoxometalates (POMs), which show application in many fields. Extending this class of compounds, we introduce a new subclass of polyoxometal clusters (POMCs) [Mo12O28(μ-L)8]4- (L = pyrazolate (pz) or triazolate (1,2,3-trz or 1,2,4-trz)), structurally similar to POM, but containing binuclear Mo2O4 clusters linked by bridging oxo- and organic ligands. The complexes obtained by ampoule synthesis from the binuclear cluster [Mo2O4(C2O4)2(H2O)2]2- in a melt of an organic ligand are soluble and stable in aqueous solutions. In addition to the detailed characterization in solid state and in aqueous solution, the biological properties of the compounds on normal and cancer cells were investigated, and antiviral activity against influenza A virus (subtype H5N1) was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V. Konkova
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (A.V.K.); (I.V.S.); (D.V.E.); (T.N.P.); (N.V.K.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Iulia V. Savina
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (A.V.K.); (I.V.S.); (D.V.E.); (T.N.P.); (N.V.K.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Darya V. Evtushok
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (A.V.K.); (I.V.S.); (D.V.E.); (T.N.P.); (N.V.K.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Tatiana N. Pozmogova
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (A.V.K.); (I.V.S.); (D.V.E.); (T.N.P.); (N.V.K.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Maria V. Solomatina
- Research Institute of Virology, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 2 Timakova St, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia; (M.V.S.); (A.R.N.); (A.Y.A.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Alina R. Nokhova
- Research Institute of Virology, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 2 Timakova St, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia; (M.V.S.); (A.R.N.); (A.Y.A.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Alexander Y. Alekseev
- Research Institute of Virology, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 2 Timakova St, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia; (M.V.S.); (A.R.N.); (A.Y.A.); (A.M.S.)
- Research Institute of Applied Ecology, Dagestan State University, 43a Gadzhiyeva St, Makhachkala 367000, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Kuratieva
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (A.V.K.); (I.V.S.); (D.V.E.); (T.N.P.); (N.V.K.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Ilia V. Eltsov
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Str., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia;
| | - Vadim V. Yanshole
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3a Institutskaya Str., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia;
- Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Aleksander M. Shestopalov
- Research Institute of Virology, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 2 Timakova St, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia; (M.V.S.); (A.R.N.); (A.Y.A.); (A.M.S.)
- Research Institute of Applied Ecology, Dagestan State University, 43a Gadzhiyeva St, Makhachkala 367000, Russia
| | - Anton A. Ivanov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (A.V.K.); (I.V.S.); (D.V.E.); (T.N.P.); (N.V.K.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Michael A. Shestopalov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (A.V.K.); (I.V.S.); (D.V.E.); (T.N.P.); (N.V.K.); (M.A.S.)
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15
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Ferraro G, Tito G, Sciortino G, Garribba E, Merlino A. Stabilization and Binding of [V 4 O 12 ] 4- and Unprecedented [V 20 O 54 (NO 3 )] n- to Lysozyme upon Loss of Ligands and Oxidation of the Potential Drug V IV O(acetylacetonato) 2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310655. [PMID: 37768728 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution crystal structures of lysozyme in the presence of the potential drug VIV O(acetylacetonato)2 under two different experimental conditions have been solved. The crystallographic study reveals the loss of the ligands, the oxidation of VIV to VV and the subsequent formation of adducts of the protein with two different polyoxidovanadates: [V4 O12 ]4- , which interacts with lysozyme non-covalently, and the unprecedented [V20 O54 (NO3 )]n- , which is covalenty bound to the side chain of an aspartate residue of symmetry related molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giarita Ferraro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gabriella Tito
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sciortino
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 16, Avinguda dels Països Catalans, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Eugenio Garribba
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, Viale San Pietro, I-07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonello Merlino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126, Napoli, Italy
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16
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Barbosa MDM, de Lima LMA, Alves WADS, de Lima EKB, da Silva LA, da Silva TD, Postal K, Ramadan M, Kostenkova K, Gomes DA, Nunes GG, Pereira MC, da Silva WE, Belian MF, Crans DC, Lira EC. In Vitro, Oral Acute, and Repeated 28-Day Oral Dose Toxicity of a Mixed-Valence Polyoxovanadate Cluster. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1232. [PMID: 37765040 PMCID: PMC10536805 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyoxovanadates (POV) are a subgroup of polyoxometalates (POM), which are nanosized clusters with reported biological activities. This manuscript describes the first toxicity evaluation of a mixed-valence polyoxovanadate, pentadecavanadate, (Me4N)6[V15O36Cl], abbreviated as V15. Cytotoxicity experiments using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), larvae of Artemia salina Leach, and in vivo oral acute and repeated 28-day doses in mice was carried out. The LC50 values in PBMC cells and A. salina were 17.5 ± 5.8 μmol L-1, and 17.9 µg L-1, respectively, which indicates high cytotoxic activity. The toxicity in mice was not observed upon acute exposure in a single dose, however, the V15 repeated 28-day oral administration demonstrated high toxicity using 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg and, 300 mg/kg doses. The biochemical and hematological analyses during the 28-day administration of V15 showed significant alteration of the metabolic parameters related to the kidney and liver, suggesting moderate toxicity. The V15 toxicity was attributed to the oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, once thiobarbituric acid (TBAR) levels significantly increased in both males and females treated with high doses of the POV and also in males treated with a lower dose of the POV. This is the first study reporting a treatment-related mortality in animals acutely administrated with a mixed-valence POV, contrasting with the well-known, less toxic decavanadate. These results document the toxicity of this mixed-valence POV, which may not be suitable for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana de M. Barbosa
- Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (M.d.M.B.); (W.A.d.S.A.); (E.K.B.d.L.); (L.A.d.S.); (T.D.d.S.); (D.A.G.); (M.C.P.)
| | - Lidiane M. A. de Lima
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil; (L.M.A.d.L.); (W.E.d.S.); (M.F.B.)
| | - Widarlane A. da S. Alves
- Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (M.d.M.B.); (W.A.d.S.A.); (E.K.B.d.L.); (L.A.d.S.); (T.D.d.S.); (D.A.G.); (M.C.P.)
| | - Eucilene K. B. de Lima
- Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (M.d.M.B.); (W.A.d.S.A.); (E.K.B.d.L.); (L.A.d.S.); (T.D.d.S.); (D.A.G.); (M.C.P.)
| | - Luzia A. da Silva
- Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (M.d.M.B.); (W.A.d.S.A.); (E.K.B.d.L.); (L.A.d.S.); (T.D.d.S.); (D.A.G.); (M.C.P.)
| | - Thiago D. da Silva
- Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (M.d.M.B.); (W.A.d.S.A.); (E.K.B.d.L.); (L.A.d.S.); (T.D.d.S.); (D.A.G.); (M.C.P.)
| | - Kahoana Postal
- Centro Politécnico, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81530-900, PR, Brazil; (K.P.); (G.G.N.)
| | - Mohammad Ramadan
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (M.R.); (K.K.)
| | - Kateryna Kostenkova
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (M.R.); (K.K.)
| | - Dayane A. Gomes
- Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (M.d.M.B.); (W.A.d.S.A.); (E.K.B.d.L.); (L.A.d.S.); (T.D.d.S.); (D.A.G.); (M.C.P.)
| | - Giovana G. Nunes
- Centro Politécnico, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81530-900, PR, Brazil; (K.P.); (G.G.N.)
| | - Michelly C. Pereira
- Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (M.d.M.B.); (W.A.d.S.A.); (E.K.B.d.L.); (L.A.d.S.); (T.D.d.S.); (D.A.G.); (M.C.P.)
| | - Wagner E. da Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil; (L.M.A.d.L.); (W.E.d.S.); (M.F.B.)
| | - Mônica F. Belian
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil; (L.M.A.d.L.); (W.E.d.S.); (M.F.B.)
| | - Debbie C. Crans
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (M.R.); (K.K.)
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Eduardo C. Lira
- Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (M.d.M.B.); (W.A.d.S.A.); (E.K.B.d.L.); (L.A.d.S.); (T.D.d.S.); (D.A.G.); (M.C.P.)
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