1
|
Lian B, Zhang J, Yin X, Wang J, Li L, Ju Q, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Liu X, Chen Y, Tang X, Sun C. SIRT1 improves lactate homeostasis in the brain to alleviate parkinsonism via deacetylation and inhibition of PKM2. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101684. [PMID: 39128469 PMCID: PMC11384727 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a histone deacetylase and plays diverse functions in various physiological events, from development to lifespan regulation. Here, in Parkinson's disease (PD) model mice, we demonstrated that SIRT1 ameliorates parkinsonism, while SIRT1 knockdown further aggravates PD phenotypes. Mechanistically, SIRT1 interacts with and deacetylates pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) at K135 and K206, thus leading to reduced PKM2 enzyme activity and lactate production, which eventually results in decreased glial activation in the brain. Administration of lactate in the brain recapitulates PD-like phenotypes. Furthermore, increased expression of PKM2 worsens PD symptoms, and, on the contrary, inhibition of PKM2 by shikonin or PKM2-IN-1 alleviates parkinsonism in mice. Collectively, our data indicate that excessive lactate in the brain might be involved in the progression of PD. By improving lactate homeostasis, SIRT1, together with PKM2, are likely drug targets for developing agents for the treatment of neurodegeneration in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Lian
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China; School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Xiang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Jiayan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Qianqian Ju
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Yuejun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Yuhui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Xin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
| | - Cheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ishima T, Kimura N, Kobayashi M, Nagai R, Osaka H, Aizawa K. A Simple, Fast, Sensitive LC-MS/MS Method to Quantify NAD(H) in Biological Samples: Plasma NAD(H) Measurement to Monitor Brain Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2325. [PMID: 38397001 PMCID: PMC10888655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a cofactor in redox reactions and an essential mediator of energy metabolism. The redox balance between NAD+ and NADH affects various diseases, cell differentiation, and aging, and in recent years there has been a growing need for measurement techniques with improved accuracy. However, NAD(H) measurements, representing both NAD+ and NADH, have been limited by the compound's properties. We achieved highly sensitive simultaneous measurement of NAD+ and NADH under non-ion pairing, mobile phase conditions of water, or methanol containing 5 mM ammonium acetate. These were achieved using a simple pre-treatment and 7-min analysis time. Use of the stable isotope 13C5-NAD+ as an internal standard enabled validation close to BMV criteria and demonstrated the robustness of NAD(H) determination. Measurements using this method showed that brain NAD(H) levels correlate strongly with plasma NAD(H) levels in the same mouse, indicating that NAD(H) concentrations in brain tissue are reflected in plasma. As NAD(H) is involved in various neurodegenerative diseases and cerebral ischemia, as well as brain diseases such as mitochondrial myopathies, monitoring changes in NADH levels in plasma after drug administration will be useful for development of future diagnostics and therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamaki Ishima
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan; (T.I.); (N.K.)
| | - Natsuka Kimura
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan; (T.I.); (N.K.)
| | - Mizuki Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan; (M.K.); (H.O.)
| | - Ryozo Nagai
- Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan;
| | - Hitoshi Osaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan; (M.K.); (H.O.)
| | - Kenichi Aizawa
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan; (T.I.); (N.K.)
- Clinical Pharmacology Center, Jichi Medical University Hospital, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan
- Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Center, Jichi Medical University Hospital, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Horkai D, Hadj-Moussa H, Whale AJ, Houseley J. Dietary change without caloric restriction maintains a youthful profile in ageing yeast. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002245. [PMID: 37643155 PMCID: PMC10464975 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction increases lifespan and improves ageing health, but it is unknown whether these outcomes can be separated or achieved through less severe interventions. Here, we show that an unrestricted galactose diet in early life minimises change during replicative ageing in budding yeast, irrespective of diet later in life. Average mother cell division rate is comparable between glucose and galactose diets, and lifespan is shorter on galactose, but markers of senescence and the progressive dysregulation of gene expression observed on glucose are minimal on galactose, showing that these are not intrinsic aspects of replicative ageing but rather associated processes. Respiration on galactose is critical for minimising hallmarks of ageing, and forced respiration during ageing on glucose by overexpression of the mitochondrial biogenesis factor Hap4 also has the same effect though only in a fraction of cells. This fraction maintains Hap4 activity to advanced age with low senescence and a youthful gene expression profile, whereas other cells in the same population lose Hap4 activity, undergo dramatic dysregulation of gene expression and accumulate fragments of chromosome XII (ChrXIIr), which are tightly associated with senescence. Our findings support the existence of two separable ageing trajectories in yeast. We propose that a complete shift to the healthy ageing mode can be achieved in wild-type cells through dietary change in early life without caloric restriction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorottya Horkai
- Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alex J. Whale
- Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Austin TT, Thomas CL, Lewis C, Blockley A, Warren B. Metabolic decline in an insect ear: correlative or causative for age-related auditory decline? Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1138392. [PMID: 37274746 PMCID: PMC10233746 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1138392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One leading hypothesis for why we lose our hearing as we age is a decrease in ear metabolism. However, direct measurements of metabolism across a lifespan in any auditory system are lacking. Even if metabolism does decrease with age, a question remains: is a metabolic decrease a cause of age-related auditory decline or simply correlative? We use an insect, the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria, as a physiologically versatile model to understand how cellular metabolism correlates with age and impacts on age-related auditory decline. We found that auditory organ metabolism decreases with age as measured fluorometrically. Next, we measured the individual auditory organ's metabolic rate and its sound-evoked nerve activity and found no correlation. We found no age-related change in auditory nerve activity, using hook electrode recordings, and in the electrophysiological properties of auditory neurons, using patch-clamp electrophysiology, but transduction channel activity decreased. To further test for a causative role of the metabolic rate in auditory decline, we manipulated metabolism of the auditory organ through diet and cold-rearing but found no difference in sound-evoked nerve activity. We found that although metabolism correlates with age-related auditory decline, it is not causative. Finally, we performed RNA-Seq on the auditory organs of young and old locusts, and whilst we found enrichment for Gene Ontology terms associated with metabolism, we also found enrichment for a number of additional aging GO terms. We hypothesize that age-related hearing loss is dominated by accumulative damage in multiple cell types and multiple processes which outweighs its metabolic decline.
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao G, Rusche LN. Sirtuins in Epigenetic Silencing and Control of Gene Expression in Model and Pathogenic Fungi. Annu Rev Microbiol 2022; 76:157-178. [PMID: 35609947 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-041020-100926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fungi, including yeasts, molds, and mushrooms, proliferate on decaying matter and then adopt quiescent forms once nutrients are depleted. This review explores how fungi use sirtuin deacetylases to sense and respond appropriately to changing nutrients. Because sirtuins are NAD+-dependent deacetylases, their activity is sensitive to intracellular NAD+ availability. This allows them to transmit information about a cell's metabolic state on to the biological processes they influence. Fungal sirtuins are primarily known to deacetylate histones, repressing transcription and modulating genome stability. Their target genes include those involved in NAD+ homeostasis, metabolism, sporulation, secondary metabolite production, and virulence traits of pathogenic fungi. By targeting different genes over evolutionary time, sirtuins serve as rewiring points that allow organisms to evolve novel responses to low NAD+ stress by bringing relevant biological processes under the control of sirtuins. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Microbiology, Volume 76 is September 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guolei Zhao
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA; ,
| | - Laura N Rusche
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA; ,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen W, Liu S, Yang Y, Zhang Z, Zhao Y. Spatiotemporal Monitoring of NAD+ Metabolism with Fluorescent Biosensors. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 204:111657. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
7
|
Kim CK, Sachdev PS, Braidy N. Recent Neurotherapeutic Strategies to Promote Healthy Brain Aging: Are we there yet? Aging Dis 2022; 13:175-214. [PMID: 35111369 PMCID: PMC8782556 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the global exponential increase in population ageing, there is an urgent unmet need to develop reliable strategies to slow down and delay the ageing process. Age-related neurodegenerative diseases are among the main causes of morbidity and mortality in our contemporary society and represent a major socio-economic burden. There are several controversial factors that are thought to play a causal role in brain ageing which are continuously being examined in experimental models. Among them are oxidative stress and brain inflammation which are empirical to brain ageing. Although some candidate drugs have been developed which reduce the ageing phenotype, their clinical translation is limited. There are several strategies currently in development to improve brain ageing. These include strategies such as caloric restriction, ketogenic diet, promotion of cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels, removal of senescent cells, 'young blood' transfusions, enhancement of adult neurogenesis, stem cell therapy, vascular risk reduction, and non-pharmacological lifestyle strategies. Several studies have shown that these strategies can not only improve brain ageing by attenuating age-related neurodegenerative disease mechanisms, but also maintain cognitive function in a variety of pre-clinical experimental murine models. However, clinical evidence is limited and many of these strategies are awaiting findings from large-scale clinical trials which are nascent in the current literature. Further studies are needed to determine their long-term efficacy and lack of adverse effects in various tissues and organs to gain a greater understanding of their potential beneficial effects on brain ageing and health span in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Kyu Kim
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Euroa Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chellappa K, Baur JA. Reducing NAD(H) to amplify rhythms. Nat Metab 2021; 3:1589-1590. [PMID: 34903882 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00494-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyani Chellappa
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph A Baur
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Roberts KE, Longdon B. Viral susceptibility across host species is largely independent of dietary protein to carbohydrate ratios. J Evol Biol 2021; 34:746-756. [PMID: 33586293 PMCID: PMC8436156 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The likelihood of a successful host shift of a parasite to a novel host species can be influenced by environmental factors that can act on both the host and parasite. Changes in nutritional resource availability have been shown to alter pathogen susceptibility and the outcome of infection in a range of systems. Here, we examined how dietary protein to carbohydrate altered susceptibility in a large cross-infection experiment. We infected 27 species of Drosophilidae with an RNA virus on three food types of differing protein to carbohydrate ratios. We then measured how viral load and mortality across species was affected by changes in diet. We found that changes in the protein:carbohydrate in the diet did not alter the outcomes of infection, with strong positive inter-species correlations in both viral load and mortality across diets, suggesting no species-by-diet interaction. Mortality and viral load were strongly positively correlated, and this association was consistent across diets. This suggests changes in diet may give consistent outcomes across host species, and may not be universally important in determining host susceptibility to pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E. Roberts
- Centre for Ecology & ConservationCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterPenrynUK
| | - Ben Longdon
- Centre for Ecology & ConservationCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterPenrynUK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Røst LM, Shafaei A, Fuchino K, Bruheim P. Zwitterionic HILIC tandem mass spectrometry with isotope dilution for rapid, sensitive and robust quantification of pyridine nucleotides in biological extracts. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1144:122078. [PMID: 32222674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The pyridine nucleotides nicotineamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotineamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) are conserved coenzymes across all domains of life, and are involved in more than 200 different hydride transfer reactions supporting essential catabolic and anabolic functions. The intracellular levels of these metabolites, and the ratio of their oxidized to reduced forms regulate an extensive network of reactions ranging beyond metabolism. Hence, monitoring their intracellular levels provides information about, but not limited to, the metabolic state of a cell or tissue. Interconversion between oxidized and reduced forms, varying pH liability and varying intracellular concentrations of the different species leaves absolute quantification of the pyridine nucleotides analytically challenging. These polar metabolites are poorly retained on conventional reverseed-phase stationary phases without ion-pair reagents that contaminates the LC-system. Herein we demonstrate that zwitterionic HILIC-tandem mass spectroemtry can be applied to successfully resolve the pyridine nucleotides in biological extracts in a fast, robust and highly sensitive way. The presented method applies isotope dilution to compensate potential loss of these labile metabolites and is validated for low, medium and high biomass samples of two popular biological model systems; Escherichia coli and the human cell line JJN-3. High stability and rapid sample preparation without solvent removal allows for long sequence runs, making this method ideal for high-throughput analysis of biological extracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Røst
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7481 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Armaghan Shafaei
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7481 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Katsuya Fuchino
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7481 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Per Bruheim
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7481 Trondheim, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kwolek-Mirek M, Maslanka R, Molon M. Disorders in NADPH generation via pentose phosphate pathway influence the reproductive potential of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast due to changes in redox status. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:8521-8533. [PMID: 30474881 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Intermediary metabolites have a crucial impact on basic cell functions. There is a relationship between cellular metabolism and redox balance. To maintain redox homoeostasis, the cooperation of both glutathione and nicotine adenine dinucleotides is necessary. Availability of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) as a major electron donor is critical for many intracellular redox reactions. The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (Zwf1p) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (Gnd1p and Gnd2p) is responsible for NADPH formation in a pentose phosphate (PP) pathway. In this study, we examine the impact of redox homoeostasis on cellular physiology and proliferation. We have noted that the Δzwf1 mutant lacking the rate-limiting enzyme of the PP pathway shows changes in the cellular redox status caused by disorders in NADPH generation. This leads to a decrease in reproductive potential but without affecting the total lifespan of the cell. The results presented in this paper show that nicotine adenine dinucleotides play a central role in cellular physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kwolek-Mirek
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Roman Maslanka
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Molon
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lascano S, Lopez M, Arimondo PB. Natural Products and Chemical Biology Tools: Alternatives to Target Epigenetic Mechanisms in Cancers. CHEM REC 2018; 18:1854-1876. [PMID: 30537358 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation and histone acetylation are widely studied epigenetic modifications. They are involved in numerous pathologies such as cancer, neurological disease, inflammation, obesity, etc. Since the discovery of the epigenome, numerous compounds have been developed to reverse DNA methylation and histone acetylation aberrant profile in diseases. Among them several were inspired by Nature and have a great interest as therapeutic molecules. In the quest of finding new ways to target epigenetic mechanisms, the use of chemical tools is a powerful strategy to better understand epigenetic mechanisms in biological systems. In this review we will present natural products reported as DNMT or HDAC inhibitors for anticancer treatments. We will then discuss the use of chemical tools that have been used in order to explore the epigenome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Lascano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-Université de Montpellier-ENSCM, 240 avenue du Prof. E. Jeanbrau, 34296, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Marie Lopez
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-Université de Montpellier-ENSCM, 240 avenue du Prof. E. Jeanbrau, 34296, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Paola B Arimondo
- Epigenetic Chemical Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3523, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris cedex 15, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Brunnbauer P, Leder A, Kamali C, Kamali K, Keshi E, Splith K, Wabitsch S, Haber P, Atanasov G, Feldbrügge L, Sauer IM, Pratschke J, Schmelzle M, Krenzien F. The nanomolar sensing of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in human plasma using a cycling assay in albumin modified simulated body fluids. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16110. [PMID: 30382125 PMCID: PMC6208386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34350-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a prominent member of the pyridine nucleotide family, plays a pivotal role in cell-oxidation protection, DNA repair, cell signalling and central metabolic pathways, such as beta oxidation, glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. In particular, extracellular NAD+ has recently been demonstrated to moderate pathogenesis of multiple systemic diseases as well as aging. Herein we present an assaying method, that serves to quantify extracellular NAD+ in human heparinised plasma and exhibits a sensitivity ranging from the low micromolar into the low nanomolar domain. The assay achieves the quantification of extracellular NAD+ by means of a two-step enzymatic cycling reaction, based on alcohol dehydrogenase. An albumin modified revised simulated body fluid was employed as standard matrix in order to optimise enzymatic activity and enhance the linear behaviour and sensitivity of the method. In addition, we evaluated assay linearity, reproducibility and confirmed long-term storage stability of extracellular NAD+ in frozen human heparinised plasma. In summary, our findings pose a novel standardised method suitable for high throughput screenings of extracellular NAD+ levels in human heparinised plasma, paving the way for new clinical discovery studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Brunnbauer
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | - Annekatrin Leder
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | - Can Kamali
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | - Kaan Kamali
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | - Eriselda Keshi
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | - Katrin Splith
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | - Simon Wabitsch
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | - Philipp Haber
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | - Georgi Atanasov
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | - Linda Feldbrügge
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13353, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, 10178, Germany
| | - Igor M Sauer
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | - Johann Pratschke
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | - Moritz Schmelzle
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | - Felix Krenzien
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13353, Germany. .,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, 10178, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kumar A, Daitsh Y, Ben-Aderet L, Qiq O, Elayyan J, Batshon G, Reich E, Maatuf YH, Engel S, Dvir-Ginzberg M. A predicted unstructured C-terminal loop domain in SIRT1 is required for cathepsin B cleavage. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.214973. [PMID: 30054388 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.214973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The C-terminus of SIRT1 can be cleaved by cathepsin B at amino acid H533 to generate a lower-functioning, N-terminally intact 75 kDa polypeptide (75SIRT1) that might be involved in age-related pathologies. However, the mechanisms underlying cathepsin B docking to and cleavage of SIRT1 are unclear. Here, we first identified several 75SIRT1 variants that are augmented with aging correlatively with increased cathepsin B levels in various mouse tissues, highlighting the possible role of this cleavage event in age-related pathologies. Then, based on H533 point mutation and structural modeling, we generated a functionally intact ΔSIRT1 mutant, lacking the internal amino acids 528-543 (a predicted C-terminus loop domain), which exhibits resistance to cathepsin B cleavage in vitro and in cell cultures. Finally, we showed that cells expressing ΔSIRT1 under pro-inflammatory stress are more likely to undergo caspase 9- dependent apoptosis than those expressing 75SIRT1. Thus, our data suggest that the 15-amino acid predicted loop motif embedded in the C-terminus of SIRT1 is susceptible to proteolytic cleavage by cathepsin B, leading to the formation of several N-terminally intact SIRT1 truncated variants in various aging mouse tissues.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, POB 12272, Israel
| | - Yutti Daitsh
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, POB 12272, Israel
| | - Louisa Ben-Aderet
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, POB 12272, Israel
| | - Omar Qiq
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, POB 12272, Israel
| | - Jinan Elayyan
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, POB 12272, Israel
| | - George Batshon
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, POB 12272, Israel
| | - Eli Reich
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, POB 12272, Israel
| | - Yonatan Harel Maatuf
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, POB 12272, Israel
| | - Stanislav Engel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Mona Dvir-Ginzberg
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, POB 12272, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fang M, Ohman Strickland PA, Kang HG, Zarbl H. Uncoupling genotoxic stress responses from circadian control increases susceptibility to mammary carcinogenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:32752-32768. [PMID: 28427145 PMCID: PMC5464825 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that chemopreventive methylselenocysteine (MSC) prevents N-Nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU)-induced mammary carcinogenesis in the susceptible Fischer 344 (F344) rats by enhancing NAD+-dependent SIRT1 activity, restoring circadian expression of Period 2 (Per2) and circadian controlled genes. Here, we show that compared to the genetically resistant Copenhagen (COP) rat strain, mammary glands of the F344 rats have a 4-hour phase delay in circadian expression of Per2. Consequently, F344 rats failed to increase SIRT1 activity and circadian expression of Per2 and DDRR genes after exposure to NMU. Exposure of COP rats to NMU had the opposite effect, enhancing SIRT1 activity, increasing circadian expression of Per2 and DDRR genes. Significantly, SIRT1 activity and circadian expression of Per2 and DDRR genes in NMU-treated F344 rats on a chemopreventive regimen of MSC approximated those in NMU-treated COP rats. These results indicated that COP rats have an increased capacity to maintain NAD+-dependent SIRT1 activity under genotoxic stress. This contention was supported by increased stability of the period and phase of circadian locomotor activity in COP vs F344 rats exposed to changing light conditions. The increased sensitivity and rapid response of COP to changing light were correlated with the enhanced circadian response of this strain to carcinogen. Disturbance of circadian rhythm by jet lag also disrupted circadian expression of Per2 and DDRR genes, and accelerated mammary tumorigenesis in rodent models. These results suggested that uncoupling of DDRR responses from circadian control by environmental stresses and endogenous factors increases susceptibility to mammary carcinogenesis, possibly by inducing a promutagenic state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Fang
- School of Public Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,NIEHS Center for Environmental Exposures and Disease, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Pamela A Ohman Strickland
- School of Public Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,NIEHS Center for Environmental Exposures and Disease, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Hwan-Goo Kang
- Veterinary Drugs & Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Helmut Zarbl
- School of Public Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,NIEHS Center for Environmental Exposures and Disease, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Martino Carpi F, Cortese M, Orsomando G, Polzonetti V, Vincenzetti S, Moreschini B, Coleman M, Magni G, Pucciarelli S. Simultaneous quantification of nicotinamide mononucleotide and related pyridine compounds in mouse tissues by UHPLC-MS/MS. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.201700024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giuseppe Orsomando
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry; Polytechnic University of Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - Valeria Polzonetti
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine; University of Camerino; Camerino Italy
| | - Silvia Vincenzetti
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine; University of Camerino; Camerino Italy
| | - Benedetta Moreschini
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine; University of Camerino; Camerino Italy
| | | | - Giulio Magni
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine; University of Camerino; Camerino Italy
| | - Stefania Pucciarelli
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine; University of Camerino; Camerino Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bustamante S, Jayasena T, Richani D, Gilchrist RB, Wu LE, Sinclair DA, Sachdev PS, Braidy N. Quantifying the cellular NAD+ metabolome using a tandem liquid chromatography mass spectrometry approach. Metabolomics 2017; 14:15. [PMID: 30830318 PMCID: PMC6519110 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-017-1310-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential pyridine nucleotide that serves as a key hydride transfer coenzyme for several oxidoreductases. It is also the substrate for intracellular secondary messenger signalling by CD38 glycohydrolases, DNA repair by poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase, and epigenetic regulation of gene expression by a class of histone deacetylase enzymes known as sirtuins. The measurement of NAD+ and its related metabolites (hereafter, the NAD+ metabolome) represents an important indicator of cellular function. OBJECTIVES A study was performed to develop a sensitive, selective, robust, reproducible, and rapid method for the concurrent quantitative determination of intracellular levels of the NAD+ metabolome in glial and oocyte cell extracts using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). METHODS The metabolites were separated on a versatile amino column using a dual HILIC-RP gradient with heated electrospray (HESI) tandem mass spectrometry detection in mixed polarity multiple reaction monitoring mode. RESULTS Quantification of 17 metabolites in the NAD+ metabolome in U251 human astroglioma cells could be achieved. Changes in NAD+ metabolism in U251 cell line, and murine oocytes under different culture conditions were also investigated. CONCLUSION This method can be used as a sensitive profiling tool, tailoring chromatography for metabolites that express significant pathophysiological changes in several disease conditions and is indispensable for targeted analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Bustamante
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tharusha Jayasena
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Psychiatry, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dulama Richani
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Robert Bruce Gilchrist
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lindsay E Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - David A Sinclair
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Department of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Perminder Singh Sachdev
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Psychiatry, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Euroa Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nady Braidy
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Psychiatry, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
- UNSW School of Psychiatry, NPI, Euroa Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Barker Street, Randwick, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tombline G, Millen JI, Polevoda B, Rapaport M, Baxter B, Van Meter M, Gilbertson M, Madrey J, Piazza GA, Rasmussen L, Wennerberg K, White EL, Nitiss JL, Goldfarb DS. Effects of an unusual poison identify a lifespan role for Topoisomerase 2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 9:68-97. [PMID: 28077781 PMCID: PMC5310657 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A progressive loss of genome maintenance has been implicated as both a cause and consequence of aging. Here we present evidence supporting the hypothesis that an age-associated decay in genome maintenance promotes aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) due to an inability to sense or repair DNA damage by topoisomerase 2 (yTop2). We describe the characterization of LS1, identified in a high throughput screen for small molecules that shorten the replicative lifespan of yeast. LS1 accelerates aging without affecting proliferative growth or viability. Genetic and biochemical criteria reveal LS1 to be a weak Top2 poison. Top2 poisons induce the accumulation of covalent Top2-linked DNA double strand breaks that, if left unrepaired, lead to genome instability and death. LS1 is toxic to cells deficient in homologous recombination, suggesting that the damage it induces is normally mitigated by genome maintenance systems. The essential roles of yTop2 in proliferating cells may come with a fitness trade-off in older cells that are less able to sense or repair yTop2-mediated DNA damage. Consistent with this idea, cells live longer when yTop2 expression levels are reduced. These results identify intrinsic yTop2-mediated DNA damage as a potentially manageable cause of aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Tombline
- Biology Department, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Jonathan I Millen
- Biology Department, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Bogdan Polevoda
- Biology Department, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Matan Rapaport
- Biology Department, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Bonnie Baxter
- Biology Department, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Michael Van Meter
- Biology Department, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Matthew Gilbertson
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, UIC College of Pharmacy at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - Joe Madrey
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham AL, 35205, USA
| | - Gary A Piazza
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham AL, 35205, USA
| | - Lynn Rasmussen
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham AL, 35205, USA
| | - Krister Wennerberg
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham AL, 35205, USA
| | - E Lucile White
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham AL, 35205, USA
| | - John L Nitiss
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, UIC College of Pharmacy at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - David S Goldfarb
- Biology Department, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
The Nuts and Bolts of Transcriptionally Silent Chromatin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 2017; 203:1563-99. [PMID: 27516616 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.112.145243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional silencing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae occurs at several genomic sites including the silent mating-type loci, telomeres, and the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) tandem array. Epigenetic silencing at each of these domains is characterized by the absence of nearly all histone modifications, including most prominently the lack of histone H4 lysine 16 acetylation. In all cases, silencing requires Sir2, a highly-conserved NAD(+)-dependent histone deacetylase. At locations other than the rDNA, silencing also requires additional Sir proteins, Sir1, Sir3, and Sir4 that together form a repressive heterochromatin-like structure termed silent chromatin. The mechanisms of silent chromatin establishment, maintenance, and inheritance have been investigated extensively over the last 25 years, and these studies have revealed numerous paradigms for transcriptional repression, chromatin organization, and epigenetic gene regulation. Studies of Sir2-dependent silencing at the rDNA have also contributed to understanding the mechanisms for maintaining the stability of repetitive DNA and regulating replicative cell aging. The goal of this comprehensive review is to distill a wide array of biochemical, molecular genetic, cell biological, and genomics studies down to the "nuts and bolts" of silent chromatin and the processes that yield transcriptional silencing.
Collapse
|
20
|
Hong L, Zhou F, Wang G, Zhang X. Synthesis and sensing integration: A novel enzymatic reaction modulated Nanoclusters Beacon (NCB) "Illumination" strategy for label-free biosensing and logic gate operation. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 86:588-594. [PMID: 27453987 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel fluorescent label-free "turn-on" NAD(+) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) biosensing strategy is proposed by fully exploiting ligation triggered Nanocluster Beacon (NCB). In the presence of the target, the split NCB was brought to intact, which brought the C-rich sequence and enhancer sequence in close proximity resulting in the lightening of dark DNA/AgNCs ("On" mode). Further application was presented for logic gate operation and aptasensor construction. The feasibility was investigated by Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), Fluorescence, lifetime and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) etc. The strategy displayed good performance in the detection of NAD(+) and ATP, with the detection limit of 0.002nM and 0.001mM, the linear range of 10-1000nM and 0.003-0.01mM, respectively. Due to the DNA/AgNCs as fluorescence reporter, the completely label-free fluorescent strategy boasts the features of simplicity and low cost, and showing little reliance on the sensing environment. Meanwhile, the regulation by overhang G-rich sequence not relying on Förster energy transfer quenching manifests the high signal-to-background ratios (S/B ratios). This method not only provided a simple, economical and reliable fluorescent NAD(+) assay but also explored a flexible G-rich sequence regulated NCB probe for the fluorescent biosensors. Furthermore, this sensing mode was expanded to the application of a logic gate design, which exhibited a high performance for not only versatile biosensors construction but also for molecular computing application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Hong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Wuhu, Anhui Province, 241000 PR China; College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Center for Nano Science and Technology, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000 PR China; Key Laboratory of Chem-Biosensing, Wuhu, Anhui Province, 241000 PR China
| | - Fu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Wuhu, Anhui Province, 241000 PR China; College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Center for Nano Science and Technology, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000 PR China; Key Laboratory of Chem-Biosensing, Wuhu, Anhui Province, 241000 PR China
| | - Guangfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Wuhu, Anhui Province, 241000 PR China; College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Center for Nano Science and Technology, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000 PR China; Key Laboratory of Chem-Biosensing, Wuhu, Anhui Province, 241000 PR China; State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 PR China.
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Wuhu, Anhui Province, 241000 PR China; College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Center for Nano Science and Technology, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000 PR China; Key Laboratory of Chem-Biosensing, Wuhu, Anhui Province, 241000 PR China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Growing evidence demonstrates that metabolism and chromatin dynamics are not separate processes but that they functionally intersect in many ways. For example, the lysine biosynthetic enzyme homocitrate synthase was recently shown to have unexpected functions in DNA damage repair, raising the question of whether other amino acid metabolic enzymes participate in chromatin regulation. Using an in silico screen combined with reporter assays, we discovered that a diverse range of metabolic enzymes function in heterochromatin regulation. Extended analysis of the glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (Gdh1) revealed that it regulates silent information regulator complex recruitment to telomeres and ribosomal DNA. Enhanced N-terminal histone H3 proteolysis is observed in GDH1 mutants, consistent with telomeric silencing defects. A conserved catalytic Asp residue is required for Gdh1's functions in telomeric silencing and H3 clipping. Genetic modulation of α-ketoglutarate levels demonstrates a key regulatory role for this metabolite in telomeric silencing. The metabolic activity of glutamate dehydrogenase thus has important and previously unsuspected roles in regulating chromatin-related processes.
Collapse
|
22
|
Yeast longevity promoted by reversing aging-associated decline in heavy isotope content. NPJ Aging Mech Dis 2016; 2:16004. [PMID: 28721263 PMCID: PMC5515009 DOI: 10.1038/npjamd.2016.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of metabolism develops with organismal aging. Both genetic and environmental manipulations promote longevity by effectively diverting various metabolic processes against aging. How these processes converge on the metabolome is not clear. Here we report that the heavy isotopic forms of common elements, a universal feature of metabolites, decline in yeast cells undergoing chronological aging. Supplementation of deuterium, a heavy hydrogen isotope, through heavy water (D2O) uptake extends yeast chronological lifespan (CLS) by up to 85% with minimal effects on growth. The CLS extension by D2O bypasses several known genetic regulators, but is abrogated by calorie restriction and mitochondrial deficiency. Heavy water substantially suppresses endogenous generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and slows the pace of metabolic consumption and disposal. Protection from aging by heavy isotopes might result from kinetic modulation of biochemical reactions. Altogether, our findings reveal a novel perspective of aging and new means for promoting longevity.
Collapse
|
23
|
Liu L, Cui Z, Deng Y, Dean B, Hop CECA, Liang X. Surrogate analyte approach for quantitation of endogenous NAD(+) in human acidified blood samples using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1011:69-76. [PMID: 26766786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay for the quantitative determination of NAD(+) in human whole blood using a surrogate analyte approach was developed and validated. Human whole blood was acidified using 0.5N perchloric acid at a ratio of 1:3 (v:v, blood:perchloric acid) during sample collection. 25μL of acidified blood was extracted using a protein precipitation method and the resulting extracts were analyzed using reverse-phase chromatography and positive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. (13)C5-NAD(+) was used as the surrogate analyte for authentic analyte, NAD(+). The standard curve ranging from 0.250 to 25.0μg/mL in acidified human blood for (13)C5-NAD(+) was fitted to a 1/x(2) weighted linear regression model. The LC-MS/MS response between surrogate analyte and authentic analyte at the same concentration was obtained before and after the batch run. This response factor was not applied when determining the NAD(+) concentration from the (13)C5-NAD(+) standard curve since the percent difference was less than 5%. The precision and accuracy of the LC-MS/MS assay based on the five analytical QC levels were well within the acceptance criteria from both FDA and EMA guidance for bioanalytical method validation. Average extraction recovery of (13)C5-NAD(+) was 94.6% across the curve range. Matrix factor was 0.99 for both high and low QC indicating minimal ion suppression or enhancement. The validated assay was used to measure the baseline level of NAD(+) in 29 male and 21 female human subjects. This assay was also used to study the circadian effect of endogenous level of NAD(+) in 10 human subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liling Liu
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Zhiyi Cui
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Yuzhong Deng
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Brian Dean
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Cornelis E C A Hop
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Xiaorong Liang
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Howitz KT. Screening and profiling assays for HDACs and sirtuins. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2015; 18:38-48. [PMID: 26723891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic factors are enzymes or proteins that confer, remove or recognize covalent modifications to chromatin DNA or proteins. They can be divided into three broad groups, commonly referred to as the 'writers', 'erasers' and 'readers'. The HDACs and sirtuins, which remove acetyl groups from the ɛ-amino of protein lysine residues, fall into the 'eraser' category. Due to their important effects on gene expression and involvement in various disease states, these enzymes have been the subjects of many assay development efforts in recent years. Commonly used techniques include mass spectrometry, antibody-based methods and protease-coupled assays with fluorogenic peptide substrates. Recent advances include the development of synthetic substrates for the assay of various newly discovered non-acetyl deacylation activities among the sirtuins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konrad T Howitz
- Reaction Biology Corporation, One Great Valley Parkway, Suite 2, Malvern, PA 19355, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chen X, Lin C, Chen Y, Wang Y, Chen X. A label-free fluorescence strategy for selective detection of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide based on a dumbbell-like probe with low background noise. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 77:486-90. [PMID: 26454831 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work we developed a novel label-free fluorescence sensing approach for the detection of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) based on a dumbbell-like DNA probe designed for both ligation reaction and digestion reaction with low background noise. SYBR Green I (SG I), a double-helix dye, was chosen as the readout fluorescence signal. In the absence of NAD(+), the ligation reaction did not occur, but the probe was digested to mononucleotides after the addition of exonuclease I (Exo I) and exonuclease I (Exo III), resulting in a weak fluorescence intensity due to the weak interaction between SG I and mononucleotides. In the presence of NAD(+), the DNA probe was ligated by Escherichia coli DNA ligase, blocking the digestion by Exo I and Exo III. As a result, SG I was intercalated into the stem part of the DNA dumbbell probe and fluorescence enhancement was achieved. This method was simple in design, fast to operate, with good sensitivity and selectivity which could discriminate NAD(+) from its analogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuexu Chen
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chunshui Lin
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; School of Physics and Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Yiying Chen
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yiru Wang
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Serum from calorie-restricted animals delays senescence and extends the lifespan of normal human fibroblasts in vitro. Aging (Albany NY) 2015; 7:152-66. [PMID: 25855056 PMCID: PMC4394727 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cumulative effects of cellular senescence and cell loss over time in various tissues and organs are considered major contributing factors to the ageing process. In various organisms, caloric restriction (CR) slows ageing and increases lifespan, at least in part, by activating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent protein deacetylases of the sirtuin family. Here, we use an in vitro model of CR to study the effects of this dietary regime on replicative senescence, cellular lifespan and modulation of the SIRT1 signaling pathway in normal human diploid fibroblasts. We found that serum from calorie-restricted animals was able to delay senescence and significantly increase replicative lifespan in these cells, when compared to serum from ad libitum fed animals. These effects correlated with CR-mediated increases in SIRT1 and decreases in p53 expression levels. In addition, we show that manipulation of SIRT1 levels by either over-expression or siRNA-mediated knockdown resulted in delayed and accelerated cellular senescence, respectively. Our results demonstrate that CR can delay senescence and increase replicative lifespan of normal human diploid fibroblasts in vitro and suggest that SIRT1 plays an important role in these processes. (185 words).
Collapse
|
27
|
Avéret N, Jobin ML, Devin A, Rigoulet M. Proton pumping complex I increases growth yield in Candida utilis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:1320-6. [PMID: 26164102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In living cells, growth is the result of coupling between substrate catabolism and multiple metabolic processes that take place during net biomass formation and cellular maintenance processes. A crucial parameter for growth evaluation is its yield, i.e. the efficiency of the transformation processes. The yeast Candida utilis is of peculiar interest since its mitochondria exhibit a complex I that is proposed to pump protons but also an external NADH dehydrogenase that do not pump protons. Here, we show that in C. utilis cells grown on non-fermentable media, growth yield is 30% higher as compared to that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that do not exhibit a complex I. Moreover, ADP/O determination in C. utilis shows that electrons coming from internal NADH dehydrogenase go through proton pumping complex I, whereas electrons coming from external NADH dehydrogenases do not go through proton pumping complex I. Furthermore, we show that electron competition strictly depends on extra-mitochondrial NADH concentration, i.e. the higher the extra-mitochondrial NADH concentration, the higher the competition process with a right way for electrons coming from external NADH dehydrogenases. Such a complex regulation in C. utilis allows an increase in growth yield when cytosolic NADH is not plentiful but still favors the cytosolic NADH re-oxidation at high NADH, favoring biomass generation metabolic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Avéret
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of the Cell, CNRS UMR 5095, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux Cedex, France; Université de Bordeaux, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Lise Jobin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of the Cell, CNRS UMR 5095, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux Cedex, France; Université de Bordeaux, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Anne Devin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of the Cell, CNRS UMR 5095, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux Cedex, France; Université de Bordeaux, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Michel Rigoulet
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of the Cell, CNRS UMR 5095, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux Cedex, France; Université de Bordeaux, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Measuring NAD(+) levels in mouse blood and tissue samples via a surrogate matrix approach using LC-MS/MS. Bioanalysis 2015; 6:1445-57. [PMID: 25046046 DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NAD(+) is an endogenous analyte and is unstable during blood sample collection, both of which present obstacles for quantitation. Moreover, current procedures for NAD(+) sample collection require onsite treatment with strong acid to stabilize the NAD(+) in mouse blood cells. RESULTS NAD(+) can be stabilized by addition of acid before the frozen mouse blood sample was thawed. A simple sample collection procedure was proposed to facilitate the analysis of NAD(+) in mouse blood and tissue samples. A LC-MS/MS method was developed for quantifying NAD(+) in mouse blood and various tissue samples. The described method was used to measure endogenous NAD(+) levels in mouse blood following oral administration of the nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase inhibitor GNE-617. CONCLUSION This study presents a suitable assay and sample collection procedure for high throughput screening of NAD(+) samples in preclinical discovery studies.
Collapse
|
29
|
Mei SC, Brenner C. Calorie restriction-mediated replicative lifespan extension in yeast is non-cell autonomous. PLoS Biol 2015; 13:e1002048. [PMID: 25633578 PMCID: PMC4310591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calorie-restriction extends lifespan in many multicellular organisms; here substances secreted by calorie-restricted yeast are found to induce longer life in other yeast cells, suggesting that cellular communication is a component of this phenomenon even in a single-celled organism. In laboratory yeast strains with Sir2 and Fob1 function, wild-type NAD+ salvage is required for calorie restriction (CR) to extend replicative lifespan. CR does not significantly alter steady state levels of intracellular NAD+ metabolites. However, levels of Sir2 and Pnc1, two enzymes that sequentially convert NAD+ to nicotinic acid (NA), are up-regulated during CR. To test whether factors such as NA might be exported by glucose-restricted mother cells to survive later generations, we developed a replicative longevity paradigm in which mother cells are moved after 15 generations on defined media. The experiment reveals that CR mother cells lose the longevity benefit of CR when evacuated from their local environment to fresh CR media. Addition of NA or nicotinamide riboside (NR) allows a moved mother to maintain replicative longevity despite the move. Moreover, conditioned medium from CR-treated cells transmits the longevity benefit of CR to moved mother cells. Evidence suggests the existence of a longevity factor that is dialyzable but is neither NA nor NR, and indicates that Sir2 is not required for the longevity factor to be produced or to act. Data indicate that the benefit of glucose-restriction is transmitted from cell to cell in budding yeast, suggesting that glucose restriction may benefit neighboring cells and not only an individual cell. Though calorie restriction extends lifespan and healthspan in multiple model organisms, the intrinsic mechanisms remain unclear. In budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, manipulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)—a central metabolic cofactor—can restrict or extend replicative lifespan, suggesting that NAD+-dependent targets might be mediators of extended longevity. However, although treating cells with the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide riboside extends lifespan, intracellular NAD+ metabolites levels are not altered by glucose restriction. This suggests the potential involvement of extracellular factors in replicative lifespan extension. Here we show that though yeast cells display a longevity benefit upon glucose restriction, these cells surprisingly lose the longevity benefit if moved from their local environment to fresh glucose-restricted media. They are, however, able to regain the longevity benefit, despite the change in environment, if the new environment is supplemented with conditioned medium from glucose restricted cells. Our results suggest that calorie restriction-induced longevity is not cell autonomous and, instead, appears to be transmitted from cell to cell in S. cerevisiae via a dialyzable extracellular factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Chieh Mei
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Charles Brenner
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhao H, Wang L, Liu X, Gao Z, Jiang W. Label-free detection of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide based on ligation-triggered exonuclease III-assisted signal amplification. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13722e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Schematic illustration of the Exo III-assisted amplification strategy for NAD+ detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- 250100 Jinan
- P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shandong University
- 250012 Jinan
- P. R. China
| | - Xingti Liu
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- 250100 Jinan
- P. R. China
| | - Zhiyue Gao
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- 250100 Jinan
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- 250100 Jinan
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kalaivani P, Ganesh M, Sathiya S, Ranju V, Gayathiri V, Saravana Babu C. Alteration in Bioenergetic Regulators, SirT1 and Parp1 Expression Precedes Oxidative Stress in Rats Subjected to Transient Cerebral Focal Ischemia: Molecular and Histopathologic Evidences. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2014; 23:2753-2766. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2014.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
32
|
Abstract
Ageing is the most significant risk factor for a range of prevalent diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Accordingly, interventions are needed for delaying or preventing disorders associated with the ageing process, i.e., promotion of healthy ageing. Calorie restriction is the only nongenetic and the most robust approach to slow the process of ageing in evolutionarily divergent species, ranging from yeasts, worms, and flies to mammals. Although it has been known for more than 80 years that calorie restriction increases lifespan, a mechanistic understanding of this phenomenon remains elusive. Yeast silent information regulator 2 (Sir2), the founding member of the sirtuin family of protein deacetylases, and its mammalian homologue Sir2-like protein 1 (SIRT1), have been suggested to promote survival and longevity of organisms. SIRT1 exerts protective effects against a number of age-associated disorders. Caloric restriction increases both Sir2 and SIRT1 activity. This review focuses on the mechanistic insights between caloric restriction and Sir2/SIRT1 activation. A number of molecular links, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, nicotinamide, biotin, and related metabolites, are suggested to be the most important conduits mediating caloric restriction-induced Sir2/SIRT1 activation and lifespan extension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Quantification of protein copy number in yeast: the NAD+ metabolome. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106496. [PMID: 25188219 PMCID: PMC4154715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is calorie-restricted by lowering glucose from 2% to 0.5%. Under low glucose conditions, replicative lifespan is extended in a manner that depends on the NAD+-dependent protein lysine deacetylase Sir2 and NAD+ salvage enzymes. Because NAD+ is required for glucose utilization and Sir2 function, it was postulated that glucose levels alter the levels of NAD+ metabolites that tune Sir2 function. Though NAD+ precursor vitamins, which increase the levels of all NAD+ metabolites, can extend yeast replicative lifespan, glucose restriction does not significantly change the levels or ratios of intracellular NAD+ metabolites. To test whether glucose restriction affects protein copy numbers, we developed a technology that combines the measurement of Urh1 specific activity and quantification of relative expression between Urh1 and any other protein. The technology was applied to obtain the protein copy numbers of enzymes involved in NAD+ metabolism in rich and synthetic yeast media. Our data indicated that Sir2 and Pnc1, two enzymes that sequentially convert NAD+ to nicotinamide and then to nicotinic acid, are up-regulated by glucose restriction in rich media, and that Pnc1 alone is up-regulated in synthetic media while levels of all other enzymes are unchanged. These data suggest that production or export of nicotinic acid might be a connection between NAD+ and calorie restriction-mediated lifespan extension in yeast.
Collapse
|
34
|
Yang NC, Song TY, Chang YZ, Chen MY, Hu ML. Up-regulation of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase and increase of NAD+ levels by glucose restriction extend replicative lifespan of human fibroblast Hs68 cells. Biogerontology 2014; 16:31-42. [PMID: 25146190 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-014-9528-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) extends lifespan in a remarkable range of organisms. However, the mechanisms of CR related to the longevity effects are not fully elucidated to date. Using human fibroblast Hs68 (Hs68) cells cultured at a lower level of medium glucose (i.e., glucose restriction; GR) to mimic CR, we investigated the crucial role of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)), and nicotinamide (NAM) in GR-extended replicative lifespan of Hs68 cells. We found that GR extended the lifespan of Hs68 cells, in parallel to significantly increased expression of Nampt, intracellular NAD(+) levels, and SIRT1 activities, and to significantly decreased NAM levels. The lifespan-extending effects of GR were profoundly diminished by FK866 (a noncompetitive inhibitor of Nampt) and blocked by sirtinol (a noncompetitive inhibitor of sirtuins). However, the steady-state intracellular NAM level (averaged 2.5 μM) was much lower than the IC50 of NAM on human SIRT1 (about 50 μM). All these results suggest that up-regulation of Nampt play an important role in GR-extended lifespan of Hs68 cells by increasing the intracellular NAD(+) levels followed by activating SIRT1 activity in Hs68 cells. In contrast, the role of NAM depletion is limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nae-Cherng Yang
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, No.110, Sec.1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan, ROC,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bradshaw PC, Pfeiffer DR. Characterization of the respiration-induced yeast mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Yeast 2014; 30:471-83. [PMID: 24166770 DOI: 10.1002/yea.2984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
When isolated mitochondria from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae oxidize respiratory substrates in the absence of phosphate and ADP, the yeast mitochondrial unselective channel, also called the yeast permeability transition pore (yPTP), opens in the inner membrane, dissipating the electrochemical gradient. ATP also induces yPTP opening. yPTP opening allows mannitol transport into isolated mitochondria of laboratory yeast strains, but mannitol is not readily permeable through the yPTP in an industrial yeast strain, Yeast Foam. The presence of oligomycin, an inhibitor of ATP synthase, allowed for respiration-induced mannitol permeability in mitochondria from this strain. Potassium (K+) had varied effects on the respiration-induced yPTP, depending on the concentration of the respiratory substrate added. At low respiratory substrate concentrations K+ inhibited respiration-induced yPTP opening, while at high substrate concentrations this effect diminished. However, at the high respiratory substrate concentrations, the presence of K+ partially prevented phosphate inhibition of yPTP opening. Phosphate was found to inhibit respiration-induced yPTP opening by binding a site on the matrix space side of the inner membrane in addition to its known inhibitory effect of donating protons to the matrix space to prevent the pH change necessary for yPTP opening. The respiration-induced yPTP was also inhibited by NAD, Mg2+, NH4 + or the oxyanion vanadate polymerized to decavanadate. The results demonstrate similar effectors of the respiration-induced yPTP as those previously described for the ATP-induced yPTP and reconcile previous strain-dependent differences in yPTP solute selectivity.
Collapse
|
36
|
Jiang C, Kan YY, Jiang JH, Yu RQ. A simple and highly sensitive DNAzyme-based assay for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide by ligase-mediated inhibition of strand displacement amplification. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 844:70-4. [PMID: 25172818 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Existing strategies for detecting nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) or other cofactors are commonly cumbersome and moderate sensitive. We report a novel DNAzyme-based visual assay strategy for NAD(+) based on ligase-mediated inhibition of the strand displacement amplification (SDA). In the presence of NAD(+), the SDA can be inhibited by the ligase reaction of two primers, which can initiate the SDA reaction in the case of no ligation, resulting in a dramatically decreasing yield of the SDA product, a G-quadruplex DNAzyme that can quantitatively catalyze the formation of a colored product. Therefore, the quantitative analysis for NAD(+) can be achieved visually with high sensitivity. The developed strategy provides a simple colorimetric approach with high selectivity against most interferences and a detection limit as low as 50 pM. It also provides a universal platform for investigating cofactors or other related small molecules as well as quantifying the activity of DNA ligases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Ying-Ya Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Jian-Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Ru-Qin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Marwarha G, Raza S, Meiers C, Ghribi O. Leptin attenuates BACE1 expression and amyloid-β genesis via the activation of SIRT1 signaling pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:1587-95. [PMID: 24874077 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aspartyl protease β-site AβPP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in Aβ production, a peptide at the nexus of neurodegenerative cascades in Alzheimer Disease (AD). The adipocytokine leptin has been demonstrated to reduce Aβ production and decrease BACE1 activity and expression levels. However, the signaling cascades involved in the leptin-induced mitigation in Aβ levels and BACE1 expression levels have not been elucidated. We have demonstrated that the transcription factor nuclear factor - kappa B (NF-κB) positively regulates BACE1 transcription. NF-κB activity is tightly regulated by the mammalian sirtuin SIRT1. Multiple studies have cogently evinced that leptin activates the metabolic master regulator SIRT1. In this study, we determined the extent to which SIRT1 expression and activity regulate the leptin-induced attenuation in BACE1 expression and Aβ levels in cultured human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. This study also elucidated and delineated the signal transduction pathways involved in the leptin induced mitigation in BACE1 expression. Our results demonstrate for the first time that leptin attenuates the activation and transcriptional activity of NF-κB by reducing the acetylation of the p65 subunit in a SIRT1-dependent manner. Furthermore, our data shows that leptin reduces the NF-κB-mediated transcription of BACE1 and consequently reduces Amyloid-β genesis. Our study provides a valuable insight and a novel mechanism by which leptin reduces BACE1 expression and Amyloid-β production and may help design potential therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gurdeep Marwarha
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Therapeutics, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Shaneabbas Raza
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Therapeutics, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Craig Meiers
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Therapeutics, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Othman Ghribi
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Therapeutics, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chang HC, Guarente L. SIRT1 and other sirtuins in metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2014; 25:138-45. [PMID: 24388149 PMCID: PMC3943707 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 788] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins such as SIRT1 are conserved protein NAD(+)-dependent deacylases and thus their function is intrinsically linked to cellular metabolism. Over the past two decades, accumulating evidence has indicated that sirtuins are not only important energy status sensors but also protect cells against metabolic stresses. Sirtuins regulate the aging process and are themselves regulated by diet and environmental stress. The versatile functions of sirtuins including, more specifically, SIRT1 are supported by their diverse cellular location allowing cells to sense changes in energy levels in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondrion. SIRT1 plays a critical role in metabolic health by deacetylating many target proteins in numerous tissues, including liver, muscle, adipose tissue, heart, and endothelium. This sirtuin also exerts important systemic effects via the hypothalamus. This review will cover these topics and suggest that strategies to maintain sirtuin activity may be on the horizon to forestall diseases of aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chun Chang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Leonard Guarente
- Glenn Laboratory for the Science of Aging, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Dong WR, Sun CC, Zhu G, Hu SH, Xiang LX, Shao JZ. New function for Escherichia coli xanthosine phophorylase (xapA): genetic and biochemical evidences on its participation in NAD(+) salvage from nicotinamide. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:29. [PMID: 24506841 PMCID: PMC3923242 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-14-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In an effort to reconstitute the NAD(+) synthetic pathway in Escherichia coli (E. coli), we produced a set of gene knockout mutants with deficiencies in previously well-defined NAD(+)de novo and salvage pathways. Unexpectedly, the mutant deficient in NAD(+) de novo and salvage pathway I could grow in M9/nicotinamide medium, which was contradictory to the proposed classic NAD(+) metabolism of E. coli. Such E. coli mutagenesis assay suggested the presence of an undefined machinery to feed nicotinamide into the NAD(+) biosynthesis. We wanted to verify whether xanthosine phophorylase (xapA) contributed to a new NAD(+) salvage pathway from nicotinamide. RESULTS Additional knockout of xapA further slowed down the bacterial growth in M9/nicotinamide medium, whereas the complementation of xapA restored the growth phenotype. To further validate the new function of xapA, we cloned and expressed E. coli xapA as a recombinant soluble protein. Biochemical assay confirmed that xapA was capable of using nicotinamide as a substrate for nicotinamide riboside formation. CONCLUSIONS Both the genetic and biochemical evidences indicated that xapA could convert nicotinamide to nicotinamide riboside in E. coli, albeit with relatively weak activity, indicating that xapA may contribute to a second NAD(+) salvage pathway from nicotinamide. We speculate that this xapA-mediated NAD(+) salvage pathway might be significant in some bacteria lacking NAD(+) de novo and NAD(+) salvage pathway I or II, to not only use nicotinamide riboside, but also nicotinamide as precursors to synthesize NAD(+). However, this speculation needs to be experimentally tested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guan Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wierman MB, Smith JS. Yeast sirtuins and the regulation of aging. FEMS Yeast Res 2014; 14:73-88. [PMID: 24164855 PMCID: PMC4365911 DOI: 10.1111/1567-1364.12115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The sirtuins are a phylogenetically conserved family of NAD(+) -dependent protein deacetylases that consume one molecule of NAD(+) for every deacetylated lysine side chain. Their requirement for NAD(+) potentially makes them prone to regulation by fluctuations in NAD(+) or biosynthesis intermediates, thus linking them to cellular metabolism. The Sir2 protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the founding sirtuin family member and has been well characterized as a histone deacetylase that functions in transcriptional silencing of heterochromatin domains and as a pro-longevity factor for replicative life span (RLS), defined as the number of times a mother cell divides (buds) before senescing. Deleting SIR2 shortens RLS, while increased gene dosage causes extension. Furthermore, Sir2 has been implicated in mediating the beneficial effects of caloric restriction (CR) on life span, not only in yeast, but also in higher eukaryotes. While this paradigm has had its share of disagreements and debate, it has also helped rapidly drive the aging research field forward. S. cerevisiae has four additional sirtuins, Hst1, Hst2, Hst3, and Hst4. This review discusses the function of Sir2 and the Hst homologs in replicative aging and chronological aging, and also addresses how the sirtuins are regulated in response to environmental stresses such as CR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret B Wierman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wanders D, Ghosh S, Stone KP, Van NT, Gettys TW. Transcriptional impact of dietary methionine restriction on systemic inflammation: relevance to biomarkers of metabolic disease during aging. Biofactors 2014; 40:13-26. [PMID: 23813805 PMCID: PMC3796060 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) without malnutrition increases lifespan and produces significant improvements in biomarkers of metabolic health. The improvements are attributable in part to effects of CR on energy balance, which limit fat accumulation by restricting energy intake. Normal age-associated increases in adiposity and insulin resistance are associated with development of a systemic proinflammatory state, while chronic CR limits fat deposition and expression of inflammatory markers. Dietary methionine restriction (MR) has emerged as an effective CR mimetic because it produces a comparable extension in lifespan. MR also reduces adiposity through a compensatory increase in energy expenditure that effectively limits fat accumulation, but essentially nothing is known about the effects of MR on systemic inflammation. Here, we review the relationships between these two interventions and discuss their transcriptional impact. In addition, using tissues from rats after long-term consumption of CR or MR diets, transcriptional profiling was used to examine retrospectively the systems biology of 59 networks of molecules annotated to inflammation. Transcriptional effects of both diets occurred primarily in white adipose tissue and liver, and the responses to MR were far more robust than those to CR. The primary transcriptional targets of MR in both liver and white adipose tissue were phagocytes and macrophages, where expression of genes associated with immune cell infiltration and quantity was reduced. These findings support the conclusion that anti-inflammatory responses produced by CR and MR are not strictly dependent upon reduced adiposity but are significantly influenced by the metabolic mechanisms through which energy balance is altered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Wanders
- Laboratories of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Computational Biology Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Kirsten P. Stone
- Laboratories of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Nancy T. Van
- Laboratories of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Thomas W. Gettys
- Laboratories of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Baton Rouge, LA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
From physiology to systems metabolic engineering for the production of biochemicals by lactic acid bacteria. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:764-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
43
|
Ringel AE, Ryznar R, Picariello H, Huang KL, Lazarus AG, Holmes SG. Yeast Tdh3 (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) is a Sir2-interacting factor that regulates transcriptional silencing and rDNA recombination. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003871. [PMID: 24146631 PMCID: PMC3798266 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sir2 is an NAD(+)-dependent histone deacetylase required to mediate transcriptional silencing and suppress rDNA recombination in budding yeast. We previously identified Tdh3, a glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), as a high expression suppressor of the lethality caused by Sir2 overexpression in yeast cells. Here we show that Tdh3 interacts with Sir2, localizes to silent chromatin in a Sir2-dependent manner, and promotes normal silencing at the telomere and rDNA. Characterization of specific TDH3 alleles suggests that Tdh3's influence on silencing requires nuclear localization but does not correlate with its catalytic activity. Interestingly, a genetic assay suggests that Tdh3, an NAD(+)-binding protein, influences nuclear NAD(+) levels; we speculate that Tdh3 links nuclear Sir2 with NAD(+) from the cytoplasm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison E. Ringel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Ryznar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Hannah Picariello
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Kuan-lin Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Asmitha G. Lazarus
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Scott G. Holmes
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Raynes R, Brunquell J, Westerheide SD. Stress Inducibility of SIRT1 and Its Role in Cytoprotection and Cancer. Genes Cancer 2013; 4:172-82. [PMID: 24020008 DOI: 10.1177/1947601913484497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells must continuously respond to stressful insults via the upregulation of cytoprotective pathways. The longevity factor and deacetylase SIRT1 plays a critical role in coordinating this cellular response to stress. SIRT1 activity and levels are regulated by cellular stressors, including metabolic, genotoxic, oxidative, and proteotoxic stress. As a stress sensor, SIRT1 impacts cell survival by deacetylating substrate proteins to drive the cell towards a cytoprotective pathway. Extreme stress conditions, however, can cause SIRT1 to lead cells down an apoptotic pathway instead. SIRT1 is frequently dysregulated in cancer cells and has been characterized to have a dual role as both an oncogene and a tumor suppressor, likely due to its pivotal function in regulating cytoprotection. Recently, the ability of SIRT1 to regulate HSF1-dependent induction of the heat shock response has highlighted another pathway through which SIRT1 can modulate cytoprotection. Activation of HSF1 results in the production of cytoprotective chaperones that can facilitate the transformed phenotype of cancer cells. In this review, we discuss the stress-dependent regulation of SIRT1. We highlight the role of SIRT1 in stress management and cytoprotection and emphasize SIRT1-dependent activation of HSF1 as a potential mechanism for cancer promotion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Raynes
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Nikel PI, Kim J, de Lorenzo V. Metabolic and regulatory rearrangements underlying glycerol metabolism inPseudomonas putida KT2440. Environ Microbiol 2013; 16:239-54. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo I. Nikel
- Systems and Synthetic Biology Program; Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC); Madrid 28049 Spain
| | - Juhyun Kim
- Systems and Synthetic Biology Program; Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC); Madrid 28049 Spain
| | - Víctor de Lorenzo
- Systems and Synthetic Biology Program; Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC); Madrid 28049 Spain
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wolfe DM, Lee JH, Kumar A, Lee S, Orenstein SJ, Nixon RA. Autophagy failure in Alzheimer's disease and the role of defective lysosomal acidification. Eur J Neurosci 2013; 37:1949-61. [PMID: 23773064 PMCID: PMC3694736 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosomal degradative process which recycles cellular waste and eliminates potentially toxic damaged organelles and protein aggregates. The important cytoprotective functions of autophagy are demonstrated by the diverse pathogenic consequences that may stem from autophagy dysregulation in a growing number of neurodegenerative disorders. In many of the diseases associated with autophagy anomalies, it is the final stage of autophagy-lysosomal degradation that is disrupted. In several disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), defective lysosomal acidification contributes to this proteolytic failure. The complex regulation of lysosomal pH makes this process vulnerable to disruption by many factors, and reliable lysosomal pH measurements have become increasingly important in investigations of disease mechanisms. Although various reagents for pH quantification have been developed over several decades, they are not all equally well suited for measuring the pH of lysosomes. Here, we evaluate the most commonly used pH probes for sensitivity and localisation, and identify LysoSensor yellow/blue-dextran, among currently used probes, as having the optimal profile of properties for measuring lysosomal pH. In addition, we review evidence that lysosomal acidification is defective in AD and extend our original findings, of elevated lysosomal pH in presenilin 1 (PS1)-deficient blastocysts and neurons, to additional cell models of PS1 and PS1/2 deficiency, to fibroblasts from AD patients with PS1 mutations, and to neurons in the PS/APP mouse model of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devin M. Wolfe
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY, USA, 10962
| | - Ju-hyun Lee
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY, USA, 10962
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, 550 First Ave, New York, NY, USA 10016
| | - Asok Kumar
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY, USA, 10962
- Department of Pathology, New York University, 550 First Ave, New York, NY, USA 10016
| | - Sooyeon Lee
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY, USA, 10962
| | - Samantha J. Orenstein
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY, USA 10461
| | - Ralph A. Nixon
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY, USA, 10962
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, 550 First Ave, New York, NY, USA 10016
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University, 550 First Ave, New York, NY, USA 10016
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Raynes R, Pombier KM, Nguyen K, Brunquell J, Mendez JE, Westerheide SD. The SIRT1 modulators AROS and DBC1 regulate HSF1 activity and the heat shock response. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54364. [PMID: 23349863 PMCID: PMC3548779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The heat shock response, the cellular response to protein damaging stress, is critical in maintaining proteostasis. The heat shock response is regulated by the transcription factor HSF1, which is activated upon heat shock and other stresses to induce the expression of molecular chaperones. SIRT1 has previously been shown to activate HSF1 by deacetylating it, leading to increased DNA binding ability. We have investigated how the heat shock response may be controlled by factors influencing SIRT1 activity. We found that heat shock results in an increase in the cellular NAD+/NADH ratio and an increase in recruitment of SIRT1 to the hsp70 promoter. Furthermore, we found that the SIRT1 modulators AROS and DBC1 have an impact on hsp70 transcription, HSF1 acetylation status, and HSF1 recruitment to the hsp70 promoter. Therefore, AROS and DBC1 are now two new targets available for therapeutic regulation of the heat shock response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Raynes
- The Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kathleen M. Pombier
- The Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kevin Nguyen
- The Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jessica Brunquell
- The Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jamie E. Mendez
- The Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sandy D. Westerheide
- The Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Marwarha G, Ghribi O. Leptin signaling and Alzheimer's disease. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE 2012; 1:245-265. [PMID: 23383396 PMCID: PMC3560472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Leptin, an adipocytokine produced in the peripheral system as well as in the brain, is implicated in obesity, food intake, glucose homeostasis, and energy expenditure. Leptin expression levels and signaling pathways may also be linked to the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that higher circulating leptin levels are associated with lower risk of dementia including Alzheimer's disease, and lower circulating levels of leptin have been reported in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Leptin receptors are highly expressed in the hippocampus, a brain area involved in learning and memory and severely affected during the course of Alzheimer's disease. In laboratory studies, several in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that leptin supplementation decreases amyloid-β (Aβ) production and tau phosphorylation, two major biochemical events that play a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we will review the structure of leptin, the type of receptors of leptin in the brain, the various biological functions attributed to this adipocytokine, the signaling pathways that govern leptin actions, and the potential role of leptin in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. Leptin exerts its functions by binding to the leptin receptor (ObR). This binding can involve several signaling pathways including JAK/STAT pathway, ERK pathway and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway. Modulation of these pathways leads to the regulation of a multitude of functions that define the intricate involvement of leptin in various physiological tasks. In this review, we will specifically relate the potential involvement of leptin signaling in Alzheimer's disease based on work published by several laboratories including ours. All this work points to leptin as a possible target for developing supplementation therapies for reducing the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gurdeep Marwarha
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Therapeutics, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences Grand Forks, North Dakota, 58202
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
The sirtuins are highly conserved enzyme homologues of the yeast Sir2, with activities of NAD+ dependent deacetylase and/or mono ADP ribosyltransferase. A long line of evidence has implicated sirtuins in regulating the aging process of yeast, worms, flies, and rodents. Moreover, much work has been published on the important role of sirtuins in several age-related diseases such as diabetes type II, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and dyslipidemia. However, despite the many publications supporting a pro-longevity role for sirtuins, there has been emerging debate about the direct role of Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster sirtuins in aging and in lifespan extension in response to dietary restriction. In addition, until recently, the role of the seven mammalian sirtuins, SIRT1 to SIRT7, in regulating lifespan was unclear. Here, we review the history of the scientific debate on the role of sirtuins in regulating lifespan, especially in light of a recent publication showing a direct regulation of mammalian lifespan by a sirtuin family member, SIRT6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoshana Naiman
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Williams CB, Gurd BJ. Skeletal muscle SIRT1 and the genetics of metabolic health: therapeutic activation by pharmaceuticals and exercise. APPLICATION OF CLINICAL GENETICS 2012; 5:81-91. [PMID: 23776383 PMCID: PMC3681195 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s31276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) is implicated in the control of skeletal muscle mitochondrial content and function through deacetylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and participation in the SIRT1/PGC-1α axis. The SIRT1/PGC-1α axis control of skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis is an important therapeutic target for obesity and obesity-related metabolic dysfunction, as skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple metabolic diseases. This review will establish the importance of the SIRT1/PGC-1α axis in the control of skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis, and explore possible pharmacological and physiological interventions designed to activate SIRT1 and the SIRT1/PGC-1α axis in order to prevent and/or treat obesity and obesity-related metabolic disease. The current evidence supports a role for therapeutic activation of SIRT1 and the SIRT1/PGC-1α axis by both pharmaceuticals and exercise in the treatment and prevention of metabolic disease. Future research should be directed toward the feasibility of pharmaceutical activation of SIRT1 in humans and refining exercise prescriptions for optimal SIRT1 activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron B Williams
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|