1
|
Watanabe S, Ono K, Nakayama R, Tajiri K, Inouchi S, Matsuo T, Kunitake M, Hayashi S. Phase Diagrams of Anthracene Derivatives in Pyridinium Ionic Liquids. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300867. [PMID: 38514906 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Crystal engineering for single crystallization of π-conjugated molecules has attracted much attention because of their electronic, photonic, and mechanical properties. However, reproducibility is a problem in conventional printing techniques because control of solvent evaporation is difficult. We investigated the phase diagrams of two anthracene derivatives in synthesized ionic liquids for non-volatile crystal engineering to determine the critical points for nucleation and crystal growth. Anthracene and 9,10-dibromoanthracene were used as representative π-conjugated molecules that form crystal structures with different packing types. Ionic liquids with an alkylpyridinium cation and bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide were good solvents for the anthracene derivatives from ca. 0 °C to 200 °C. The solubilities (critical points for crystal growth) of the anthracene derivatives in the ionic liquids reached the 100 mM level, which is similar to those in organic solvents. Ionic liquids with phenyl and octyl groups tended to show high-temperature dependence (a high dissolution entropy) with 9,10-dibromoanthracene. The precipitation temperature (critical point for crystal nucleation) at each 9,10-dibromoanthracene concentration was lower than the dissolution temperature. The differences between the dissolution and precipitation temperatures (supersaturated region) in the ionic liquids were greater than those in an organic solvent.
Collapse
Grants
- 21H01239 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology
- 22H01814 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology
- 22K14671 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology
- JPNP18016 New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization
- JPNP20004 New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization
- Toshiaki Ogasawara Memorial Foundation in Japan
- JPMJFR211W Japan Science and Technology Agency
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Watanabe
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Naitonal Institute of Technology, Tomakomai College, Nishikioka 443, Tomakomai, Hokkaido, 059-1275, Japan
| | - Keigo Ono
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Rinsuke Nakayama
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Kaho Tajiri
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Shun Inouchi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Takumi Matsuo
- Research Institute, Kochi University of Technology, Miyanokuchi, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi, 782-8502, Japan
| | - Masashi Kunitake
- Institute of Industrial Nanomaterials, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1, Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Shotaro Hayashi
- Research Institute, Kochi University of Technology, Miyanokuchi, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi, 782-8502, Japan
- Research Center for Molecular Design, Kochi University of Technology, Miyanokuchi, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi, 782-8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Athira P, Nelliyulla Kappumchalil R, Sachin AR, Yoosuf M, Thomas R, Gopakumar G. Intramolecular Charge Transfer and Stimuli-Responsive Emission in Cholesterol-Appended Phenothiazine-Cyanostyryl-Based Donor-Acceptor Systems. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:3935-3946. [PMID: 38742635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Organic fluorescent molecules have received considerable attention owing to their various optoelectronic applications. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of two cholesterol-functionalized cyanostyrene-phenothiazine-based D-π-A systems that are emissive in both the solution and solid states. The newly synthesized cholesterol-appended phenothiazine-cyanostyrene diads PTCS-1 and PTCS-2 vary in the N-alkylation of phenothiazine, respectively, with─octyl and─hexyl chains. Both molecules are highly fluorescent and show reasonably good quantum yields in nonpolar solvents because of twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT). The molecules exhibit aggregation-induced emission in the solid state. Due to the presence of flexible alkyl chains in the phenothiazine and cholesterol moieties, PTCS-1 and PTCS-2 show mechanochromic luminescence switching in response to external shear stress and emission recovery under methanol vapor. Powder X-ray diffraction studies prove that the emission switching on the applied stimuli in both PTCS-1 and PTCS-2 is attributed to the reversible transformation between the crystalline and amorphous states. Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) studies are carried out to gain insight into the ICT interactions. TD-DFT analysis at the TD-M06-2X/def2-TZVP level further revealed that in both molecules, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) + 2, LUMO, highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), and HOMO - 1 orbitals are responsible for the charge transfer interactions. These ICT interactions are identified as π-π* type interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parappurath Athira
- Department of Chemistry, Farook College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Calicut, Kozhikode 673632, Kerala, India
| | - Ramya Nelliyulla Kappumchalil
- Department of Chemistry, Farook College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Calicut, Kozhikode 673632, Kerala, India
| | - Aditya Ramesh Sachin
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakthinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
- Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muhammed Yoosuf
- Department of Chemistry, Farook College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Calicut, Kozhikode 673632, Kerala, India
| | - Reji Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Farook College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Calicut, Kozhikode 673632, Kerala, India
| | - Gopinadhanpillai Gopakumar
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakthinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
- Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ozawa K, Okada T, Matsui H. Statistical analysis of interatomic transfer integrals for exploring high-mobility organic semiconductors. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2024; 25:2354652. [PMID: 38868454 PMCID: PMC11168228 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2024.2354652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Charge transport in organic semiconductors occurs via overlapping molecular orbitals quantified by transfer integrals. However, no statistical study of transfer integrals for a wide variety of molecules has been reported. Here we present a statistical analysis of transfer integrals for more than 27,000 organic compounds in the Cambridge Structural Database. Interatomic transfer integrals were used to identify substructures with high transfer integrals. As a result, thione and amine groups as in thiourea were found to exhibit high transfer integrals. Such compounds are considered as potential non-aromatic, water-soluble organic semiconductors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koki Ozawa
- Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Okada
- Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsui
- Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yuan M, Qiu Y, Gao H, Feng J, Jiang L, Wu Y. Molecular Electronics: From Nanostructure Assembly to Device Integration. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7885-7904. [PMID: 38483827 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Integrated electronics and optoelectronics based on organic semiconductors have attracted considerable interest in displays, photovoltaics, and biosensing owing to their designable electronic properties, solution processability, and flexibility. Miniaturization and integration of devices are growing trends in molecular electronics and optoelectronics for practical applications, which requires large-scale and versatile assembly strategies for patterning organic micro/nano-structures with simultaneously long-range order, pure orientation, and high resolution. Although various integration methods have been developed in past decades, molecular electronics still needs a versatile platform to avoid defects and disorders due to weak intermolecular interactions in organic materials. In this perspective, a roadmap of organic integration technologies in recent three decades is provided to review the history of molecular electronics. First, we highlight the importance of long-range-ordered molecular packing for achieving exotic electronic and photophysical properties. Second, we classify the strategies for large-scale integration of molecular electronics through the control of nucleation and crystallographic orientation, and evaluate them based on factors of resolution, crystallinity, orientation, scalability, and versatility. Third, we discuss the multifunctional devices and integrated circuits based on organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and photodetectors. Finally, we explore future research directions and outlines the need for further development of molecular electronics, including assembly of doped organic semiconductors and heterostructures, biological interfaces in molecular electronics and integrated organic logics based on complementary FETs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hanfei Gao
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jiangang Feng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guo S, Jin X, Zhang D, Zhou H, Yu C, Huang J, Zhang Z, Su J. Exploring Efficient Dual-Phase Emissive Fluorophores with High Mobility by Integrating a Rigid Donor and Flexible Acceptor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:10407-10416. [PMID: 38365193 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Developing luminogens with a high emission efficiency in both single-molecule and aggregate states, as well as high mobility, shows promise for advancing the iteration and update of organic optoelectronic materials. However, achieving a delicate balance between the plane configuration of luminophores and the strong exciton interactions of aggregates is a formidable task from the molecular design perspective. This dilemma was overcome by integrating a rigid donor and flexible acceptor to establish donor-acceptor (D-A) type emitters. The π-conjugate-extended donor ensures the substantial planarity of these molecules, allowing strong emission in solution with photoluminescence quantum yield values of 86% and 75%. Furthermore, the restricted molecular motion of the aggregation-induced emission moiety and the formation of J-aggregates reduce the quenching effect, leading to a high emissive efficiency of 85% and 91% in the aggregate state. The mildly distorted D-A geometry builds moderate electrostatic interaction, resulting in high mobility with μM,h of 7.12 × 10-5 and 3.27 × 10-4 cm2/V s. Additionally, an improved synthesized procedure for terminal E-configured acrylonitrile with metal-free and concise reaction conditions is presented. The successful application of the synthesized compounds in organic light-emitting diode devices demonstrates the practicability of the molecular design strategy with connecting a rigid donor and flexible acceptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Guo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xin Jin
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Daheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Zhou
- Shanghai Taoe Chemical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Chao Yu
- Shanghai Taoe Chemical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Jinhai Huang
- Shanghai Taoe Chemical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Su
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Whittaker SJ, Zhou H, Spencer RB, Yang Y, Tiwari A, Bendesky J, McDowell M, Sundaram P, Lozano I, Kim S, An Z, Shtukenberg AG, Kahr B, Lee SS. Leveling up Organic Semiconductors with Crystal Twisting. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2024; 24:613-626. [PMID: 38250542 PMCID: PMC10797633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.3c01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The performance of crystalline organic semiconductors depends on the solid-state structure, especially the orientation of the conjugated components with respect to device platforms. Often, crystals can be engineered by modifying chromophore substituents through synthesis. Meanwhile, dissymetry is necessary for high-tech applications like chiral sensing, optical telecommunications, and data storage. The synthesis of dissymmetric molecules is a labor-intensive exercise that might be undermined because common processing methods offer little control over orientation. Crystal twisting has emerged as a generalizable method for processing organic semiconductors and offers unique advantages, such as patterning of physical and chemical properties and chirality that arises from mesoscale twisting. The precession of crystal orientations can enrich performance because achiral molecules in achiral space groups suddenly become candidates for the aforementioned technologies that require dissymetry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- St. John Whittaker
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Hengyu Zhou
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Rochelle B. Spencer
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Yongfan Yang
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Akash Tiwari
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Justin Bendesky
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Merritt McDowell
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Pallavi Sundaram
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Idalys Lozano
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Shin Kim
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Zhihua An
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Alexander G. Shtukenberg
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Bart Kahr
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Stephanie S. Lee
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lazaar K, Gueddida S, Said M, Lebègue S. Tuning the electronic and optical properties of small organic acenedithiophene molecular crystals for photovoltaic applications: First principles calculations. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:194304. [PMID: 37971037 DOI: 10.1063/5.0171212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodic density functional theory was employed to investigate the impact of chemical modifications on the properties of π-conjugated acenedithiophene molecular crystals. Here, we highlight the importance of the β-methylthionation effect, the position of the sulfur atoms of the thiacycle group and their size, and the number of central benzene rings in the chemical modification strategy. Our results show that the introduction of the methylthio groups at the β-positions of the thiophene and the additional benzene ring at the center of the BDT crystal structure are a promising strategy to improve the performance of organic semiconductors, as observed experimentally. We found that β-MT-ADT exhibits large charge carrier mobility, which is in good agreement with the experimental results and comparable to that of rubrene. In addition, the electronic and optical properties of these ambipolar materials suggest promising performances with β-MT-ADT > ADT >β-MT-NDT > NDT > BEDT-BDT >β-MT-BDT > BDT. Moreover, functionalization with thiacycle-fused sulfur atoms of different sizes and numbers improve the properties of BDT but is still less efficient than the methylthionation effect. Overall, our findings suggest a promising molecular modification strategy for possibly high performance ambipolar organic semiconducting materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koussai Lazaar
- Laboratoire des Nanomatériaux et Systèmes pour les Énergies Renouvelables (LaNSER), Centre de Recherches et des Technologies de l'Energie, Technopole Borj-Cedria, Hammam Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Saber Gueddida
- Univ. Lorraine, LPCT, CNRS UMR7019, F-54506 Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy, France
| | - Moncef Said
- Université de Monastir, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Laboratoire de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (LMCN), LR11ES40, Avenue de l'Environnement, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sébastien Lebègue
- Univ. Lorraine, LPCT, CNRS UMR7019, F-54506 Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yu CP, Kumagai S, Tsutsumi M, Kurosawa T, Ishii H, Watanabe G, Hashizume D, Sugiura H, Tani Y, Ise T, Watanabe T, Sato H, Takeya J, Okamoto T. Asymmetrically Functionalized Electron-Deficient π-Conjugated System for Printed Single-Crystalline Organic Electronics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207440. [PMID: 37712117 PMCID: PMC10582418 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Large-area single-crystalline thin films of n-type organic semiconductors (OSCs) fabricated via solution-processed techniques are urgently demanded for high-end electronics. However, the lack of molecular designs that concomitantly offer excellent charge-carrier transport, solution-processability, and chemical/thermal robustness for n-type OSCs limits the understanding of fundamental charge-transport properties and impedes the realization of large-area electronics. The benzo[de]isoquinolino[1,8-gh]quinolinetetracarboxylic diimide (BQQDI) π-electron system with phenethyl substituents (PhC2 -BQQDI) demonstrates high electron mobility and robustness but its strong aggregation results in unsatisfactory solubility and solution-processability. In this work, an asymmetric molecular design approach is reported that harnesses the favorable charge transport of PhC2 -BQQDI, while introducing alkyl chains to improve the solubility and solution-processability. An effective synthetic strategy is developed to obtain the target asymmetric BQQDI (PhC2 -BQQDI-Cn ). Interestingly, linear alkyl chains of PhC2 -BQQDI-Cn (n = 5-7) exhibit an unusual molecular mimicry geometry with a gauche conformation and resilience to dynamic disorders. Asymmetric PhC2 -BQQDI-C5 demonstrates excellent electron mobility and centimeter-scale continuous single-crystalline thin films, which are two orders of magnitude larger than that of PhC2 -BQQDI, allowing for the investigation of electron transport anisotropy and applicable electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig P. Yu
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials ScienceGraduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of Tokyo5‐1‐5 KashiwanohaKashiwaChiba277‐8561Japan
| | - Shohei Kumagai
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical TechnologyTokyo Institute of Technology4259‐G1‐7 NagatsutaMidori‐kuYokohama226‐8502Japan
| | - Michitsuna Tsutsumi
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials ScienceGraduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of Tokyo5‐1‐5 KashiwanohaKashiwaChiba277‐8561Japan
| | - Tadanori Kurosawa
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials ScienceGraduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of Tokyo5‐1‐5 KashiwanohaKashiwaChiba277‐8561Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishii
- Department of Applied PhysicsFaculty of Pure and Applied SciencesUniversity of Tsukuba1‐1‐1 TennodaiTsukubaIbaraki305‐8573Japan
| | - Go Watanabe
- Department of PhysicsSchool of ScienceKitasato University1‐15‐1 Kitasato, Minami‐kuSagamiharaKanagawa252‐0373Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS)2‐1 HirosawaWakoSaitama351‐0198Japan
| | - Hiroki Sugiura
- FUJIFILM Corp.577 Ushijima, Kaisei‐machiAshigarakami‐gunKanagawa258‐8577Japan
| | - Yukio Tani
- FUJIFILM Corp.577 Ushijima, Kaisei‐machiAshigarakami‐gunKanagawa258‐8577Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ise
- FUJIFILM Corp.577 Ushijima, Kaisei‐machiAshigarakami‐gunKanagawa258‐8577Japan
| | - Tetsuya Watanabe
- FUJIFILM Corp.577 Ushijima, Kaisei‐machiAshigarakami‐gunKanagawa258‐8577Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sato
- Rigaku Corp.3‐9‐12 Matsubara‐choAkishimaTokyo196‐8666Japan
| | - Jun Takeya
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials ScienceGraduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of Tokyo5‐1‐5 KashiwanohaKashiwaChiba277‐8561Japan
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA)National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)1‐1 NamikiTsukuba205‐0044Japan
| | - Toshihiro Okamoto
- PRESTO, JST4‐1‐8 HonchoKawaguchiSaitama332‐0012Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical TechnologyTokyo Institute of Technology4259‐G1‐7 NagatsutaMidori‐kuYokohama226‐8502Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhao X, Zhang H, Zhang J, Liu J, Lei M, Jiang L. Organic Semiconductor Single Crystal Arrays: Preparation and Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300483. [PMID: 36967565 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The study of organic semiconductor single crystal (OSSC) arrays has recently attracted considerable interest given their potential applications in flexible displays, smart wearable devices, biochemical sensors, etc. Patterning of OSSCs is the prerequisite for the realization of organic integrated circuits. Patterned OSSCs can not only decrease the crosstalk between adjacent organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), but also can be conveniently integrated with other device elements which facilitate circuits application. Tremendous efforts have been devoted in the controllable preparation of OSSC arrays, and great progress has been achieved. In this review, the general strategies for patterning OSSCs are summarized, along with the discussion of the advantages and limitations of different patterning methods. Given the identical thickness of monolayer molecular crystals (MMCs) which is beneficial to achieve super uniformity of OSSC arrays and devices, patterning of MMCs is also emphasized. Then, OFET performance is summarized with comparison of the mobility and coefficient of variation based on the OSSC arrays prepared by different methods. Furthermore, advances of OSSC array-based circuits and flexible devices of different functions are highlighted. Finally, the challenges that need to be tackled in the future are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications & School of Integrated Circuits, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hantang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science of Shanxi Normal University & Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, 031000, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ming Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications & School of Integrated Circuits, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
With the advent of a new era of smart-technology, the demand for more economic optoelectronic materials that do not compromise with efficiency is gradually on the rise. Organic semiconductors provide greener alternatives to the conventional inorganic ones, but encounter the challenge of balancing charge carrier mobility with processability in devices. Discotic liquid crystals (DLCs), a class of self-assembling soft organic materials, possess the perfect degree of order and dynamics to address this challenge. Providing unidimensional charge carrier pathways through their nanoscale columnar architecture, DLCs can behave as efficient charge transport systems across a wide range of optoelectronic devices. Moreover, DLCs are solution-processable, thus reducing the fabrication cost. In this article, we have discussed the approaches towards developing DLCs as semiconductors, focusing on their molecular design concepts, supramolecular structures and electronic properties in the context of their charge carrier mobilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ritobrata De
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli-140306, India.
| | - Santanu Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli-140306, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xia Y, Zhu C, Cao F, Shen Y, Ouyang M, Zhang Y. Host-Guest Doping in Flexible Organic Crystals for Room-Temperature Phosphorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217547. [PMID: 36585393 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Organic single crystals (OSCs) with excellent flexibility and unique optical properties are of great importance due to their broad applicability in optical/optoelectronic devices and sensors. Nevertheless, fabricating flexible OSCs with room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) remains a great challenge. Herein, we propose a host-guest doping strategy to achieve both RTP and flexibility of OSCs. The single-stranded crystal is highly bendable upon external force application and can immediately return to its original straight shape after removal of the stress, impressively emitting bright deep-red phosphorescence. The theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that the bright RTP arises from Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the triphenylene molecules to the dopants. This strategy is both conceptually and synthetically simple and offers a universal approach for the preparation of flexible OSCs with RTP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xia
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Yingbin Road NO.688, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China.,College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road. NO. 18, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Chenfei Zhu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road. NO. 18, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of Engineering Technology, Huzhou College, Xueshi Road. NO. 1, Huzhou, 313000, P. R. China
| | - Yunxia Shen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Yingbin Road NO.688, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Mi Ouyang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road. NO. 18, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yujian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Yingbin Road NO.688, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang W, Hanindita F, Tanaka Y, Ochiai K, Sato H, Li Y, Yasuda T, Ito S. π-Extended Pyrrole-Fused Heteropine: Synthesis, Properties, and Application in Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218176. [PMID: 36575129 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur-embedded polycyclic aromatic compounds have been used as building blocks for numerous organic semiconductors over the past few decades. While the success is based on thiophene-containing compounds, aromatic compounds that contain thiepine, a sulfur-containing seven-membered-ring arene, has been less well investigated. Here we report the synthesis and properties of π-extended pyrrole-fused heteropine compounds such as thiepine and oxepine. A π-extended pyrrole-fused thiepine exhibited a "pitched π-stacking" structure in the crystal, and exhibited a high charge carrier mobility of up to 1.0 cm2 V-1 s-1 in single-crystal field-effect transistors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weifan Wang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Fiona Hanindita
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yusei Tanaka
- Institute for Advanced Study, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kotaro Ochiai
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Hiroyasu Sato
- Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara-Cho, Akishima, Tokyo, 196-8666, Japan
| | - Yongxin Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Takuma Yasuda
- Institute for Advanced Study, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shingo Ito
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Matsuoka W, Kawahara KP, Ito H, Sarlah D, Itami K. π-Extended Rubrenes via Dearomative Annulative π-Extension Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:658-666. [PMID: 36563098 PMCID: PMC9837837 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Among a large variety of organic semiconducting materials, rubrene (5,6,11,12-tetraphenyltetracene) represents one of the most prominent molecular entities mainly because of its unusually high carrier mobility. Toward finding superior rubrene-based organic semiconductors, several synthetic strategies for related molecules have been established. However, despite its outstanding properties and significant attention in the field of materials science, late-stage functionalizations of rubrene remains undeveloped, thereby limiting the accessible chemical space of rubrene-based materials. Herein, we report on a late-stage π-extension of rubrene by dearomative annulative π-extension (DAPEX), leading to the generation of rubrene derivatives having an extended acene core. The Diels-Alder reaction of rubrene with 4-methyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione occurred to give 1:1 and 1:2 cycloadducts which further underwent iron-catalyzed annulative diarylation. The thus-formed 1:1 and 1:2 adducts were subjected to radical-mediated oxidation and thermal cycloreversion to furnish one-side and two-side π-extended rubrenes, respectively. These π-extended rubrenes displayed a marked red shift in absorption and emission spectra, clearly showing that the acene π-system of rubrene was extended not only structurally but also electronically. The X-ray crystallographic analysis uncovered interesting packing modes of these π-extended rubrenes. Particularly, two-side π-extended rubrene adopts a brick-wall packing structure with largely overlapping two-dimensional face-to-face π-π interactions. Finally, organic field-effect transistor devices using two-side π-extended rubrene were fabricated, and their carrier mobilities were measured. The observed maximum hole mobility of 1.49 × 10-3 cm2V-1 s-1, which is a comparable value to that of the thin-film transistor using rubrene, clearly shows the potential utility of two-side π-extended rubrene in organic electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Matsuoka
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kou P. Kawahara
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hideto Ito
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - David Sarlah
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute
of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dhingra S, Siddiqui I, Gupta SP, Jayakumar J, Jou JH, Pal SK. Solution-processable organic light-emitting diodes utilizing electroluminescent perylene tetraester-based columnar liquid crystals. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:8850-8855. [PMID: 36374203 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01235a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we reveal a homologous series of liquid crystals involving perylene tetraesters as the core connected to the four trialkoxyphenyl units at the periphery using the triazole moiety as the linker. A thorough analysis using differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy, and small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering studies confirm that all the mesogens 1a-c hold a stable enantiotropic columnar mesophase. Suitable molecular orbital levels and excellent material photophysical and thermal properties encouraged the study of their electroluminescent properties. Due to this, a well designed solution-processable organic light emitting diode device structure is configured as ITO (125 nm)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) (35 nm)/host: x wt% emitter (x = 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0) (20 nm)/2,2'2''-(1,3,5-benzinetriyl)tris(1-phenyl-1-H-benzimidazole) (TPBi) (40 nm)/lithium fluoride (LiF) (1 nm)/aluminium (Al) (200 nm) using compounds 1a-c as emitters. 4,4',4''-Tris[phenyl(m-tolyl)amino]triphenylamine (m-MTDATA) and 4,4'-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (CBP) were chosen as two different host materials. The current density-voltage-luminance and current efficacy-luminance-power efficacy plots suggest that m-MTDATA is a better host than CBP. Amongst, device based on 1 wt% emitter 1c doped in the m-MTDATA host matrix displayed the best performance, with a maximum power efficacy of 17.2 lm W-1, current efficacy of 18.5 cd A-1, and external quantum efficiency of 6.3%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shallu Dhingra
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli, 140306, India.
| | - Iram Siddiqui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
| | | | - Jayachandran Jayakumar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Jwo-Huei Jou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Santanu Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli, 140306, India.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lv Q, Zheng M, Wang XD, Liao LS. Low-Dimensional Organic Crystals: From Precise Synthesis to Advanced Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203961. [PMID: 36057992 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Low-dimensional organic crystals (LOCs) have attracted increasing attention recently for their potential applications in miniaturized optoelectronics and integrated photonics. Such applications are possible owing to their tunable physicochemical properties and excellent charge/photon transport features. As a result, the precise synthesis of LOCs has been examined in terms of morphology modulation, large-area pattern arrays, and complex architectures, and this has led to a series of appealing structure-dependent properties for future optoelectronic applications. This review summarizes the recent advances in the precise synthesis of LOCs in addition to discussing their structure-property relationships in the context of optoelectronic applications. It also presents the current challenges related to organic crystals with specific structures and desired performances, and the outlook regarding their use in next-generation integrated optoelectronic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Lv
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Research Center of Cooperative Innovation for Functional Organic/Polymer Material Micro/Nanofabrication, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Min Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Research Center of Cooperative Innovation for Functional Organic/Polymer Material Micro/Nanofabrication, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Dong Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Sheng Liao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nakayama Y, Tsuruta R, Koganezawa T. 'Molecular Beam Epitaxy' on Organic Semiconductor Single Crystals: Characterization of Well-Defined Molecular Interfaces by Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Diffraction Techniques. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7119. [PMID: 36295203 PMCID: PMC9605552 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Epitaxial growth, often termed "epitaxy", is one of the most essential techniques underpinning semiconductor electronics, because crystallinities of the materials seriously dominate operation efficiencies of the electronic devices such as power gain/consumption, response speed, heat loss, and so on. In contrast to already well-established epitaxial growth methodologies for inorganic (covalent or ionic) semiconductors, studies on inter-molecular (van der Waals) epitaxy for organic semiconductors is still in the initial stage. In the present review paper, we briefly summarize recent works on the epitaxial inter-molecular junctions built on organic semiconductor single-crystal surfaces, particularly on single crystals of pentacene and rubrene. Experimental methodologies applicable for the determination of crystal structures of such organic single-crystal-based molecular junctions are also illustrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Nakayama
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
- Division of Colloid and Interface Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
- Research Group for Advanced Energy Conversion, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Ryohei Tsuruta
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Koganezawa
- Industrial Application Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cabanas AM, Flores Araya JC, Jessop IA, Humire F. Anomalous (Exergonic) Behavior in the Transfer of Electrons between Donors and Acceptors: Mobility, Energy, Caloric Capacity, and Entropy. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:35153-35158. [PMID: 36211079 PMCID: PMC9535709 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the kinetics of electron transfer reactions involves active research in physics, chemistry, biology, and nano-tech. Here, we propose a model to apply in a broader framework by establishing a connection between thermodynamics and kinetics. From a purely thermodynamic point of view, electronic transfer Marcus' theory is revisited; consequently, calculations of thermodynamic variables such as mobility, energy, and entropy are provided. More significantly, two different regimes are explicitly established. In the anomalous region, an exergonic process associated with negative heat capacity appears. Further, in the same region, mobility, energy, and entropy decrease when the temperature increases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Cabanas
- Departamento
de Física, FACI, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000965, Chile
| | | | - Ignacio A. Jessop
- Departamento
de Química, FACI, Universidad de
Tarapacá, Arica 1000007, Chile
| | - Fernando Humire
- Departamento
de Física, FACI, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000965, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
DuBose JT, Szabó G, Chakkamalayath J, Kamat PV. Excited-State Transient Chemistry of Rubrene: A Whole Story. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:7147-7158. [PMID: 36074750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The ability to manipulate low-energy triplet excited states into higher-energy emissive singlet states, a process known as photon upconversion (UC), has potential applications in bioimaging, photocatalysis, and in increasing the efficiency of solar cells. However, the overall UC mechanism is complex and can involve many intermediate states, especially when semiconductors such as lead halide perovskites are used to sensitize the required triplet states. Using a combination of pulse radiolytic and electrochemical techniques, we have now explored the transient features of rubrene─a commonly employed triplet annihilator in UC systems. The rubrene triplet, radical anion, and radical cation species yield unique spectra that can serve as spectral fingerprints to distinguish between transient species formed during UC processes. Using detailed kinetic studies, we have succeeded in establishing that the rubrene triplets are susceptible to self-quenching (kquench = 3.6 × 108 M-1 s-1), and as the triplets decay, an additional transient feature is observed in the transient absorption spectra. This new feature indicates a net electron transfer process occurs to form the radical cation and anion as the triplets recombine. Taken together, this work provides a comprehensive picture of the excited state and transient features of rubrene and will be crucial for understanding the mechanism(s) of photon upconversion systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T DuBose
- Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Gábor Szabó
- Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jishnudas Chakkamalayath
- Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Prashant V Kamat
- Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yang Y, Silva de Moraes L, Ruzié C, Schweicher G, Geerts YH, Kennedy AR, Zhou H, Whittaker SJ, Lee SS, Kahr B, Shtukenberg AG. Charge Transport in Twisted Organic Semiconductor Crystals of Modulated Pitch. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2203842. [PMID: 35986443 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many molecular crystals (approximately one third) grow as twisted, helicoidal ribbons from the melt, and this preponderance is even higher in restricted classes of materials, for instance, charge-transfer complexes. Previously, twisted crystallites of such complexes present an increase in carrier mobilities. Here, the effect of twisting on charge mobility is better analyzed for a monocomponent organic semiconductor, 2,5-bis(3-dodecyl-2-thienyl)-thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole (BDT), that forms twisted crystals with varied helicoidal pitches and makes possible a correlation of twist strength with carrier mobility. Films are analyzed by X-ray scattering and Mueller matrix polarimetry to characterize the microscale organization of the polycrystalline ensembles. Carrier mobilities of organic field-effect transistors are five times higher when the crystals are grown with the smallest pitches (most twisted), compared to those with the largest pitches, along the fiber elongation direction. A tenfold increase is observed along the perpendicular direction. Simulation of electrical potential based on scanning electron microscopy images and density functional theory suggests that the twisting-enhanced mobility is mainly controlled by the fiber organization in the film. A greater number of tightly packed twisted fibers separated by numerous smaller gaps permit better charge transport over the film surface compared to fewer big crystallites separated by larger gaps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongfan Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Lygia Silva de Moraes
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 206/01, Brussel, 1050, Belgium
| | - Christian Ruzié
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 206/01, Brussel, 1050, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Schweicher
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 206/01, Brussel, 1050, Belgium
| | - Yves Henri Geerts
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 206/01, Brussel, 1050, Belgium
- International Solvay Institutes of Physics and Chemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 231, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Cathedral Street 295, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Hengyu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - St John Whittaker
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Stephanie S Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Bart Kahr
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Alexander G Shtukenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Takimiya K, Bulgarevich K, Sahara K, Kanazawa K, Takenaka H, Kawabata K. What defines a crystal structure? Effects of chalcogen atoms in 3,7‐bis(methylchalcogeno)benzo[1,2‐
b
:4,5‐
b
′]dichalcogenophene‐based organic semiconductors. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Takimiya
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6‐3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba‐ku Sendai Miyagi 980‐8578 Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2‐1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351‐0198 Japan
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University (WPI‐AIMR), 2‐1‐1 Katahira, Aoba‐ku Sendai Miyagi 980‐8577 Japan
| | - Kirill Bulgarevich
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2‐1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351‐0198 Japan
| | - Kamon Sahara
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6‐3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba‐ku Sendai Miyagi 980‐8578 Japan
| | - Kiseki Kanazawa
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6‐3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba‐ku Sendai Miyagi 980‐8578 Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2‐1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351‐0198 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takenaka
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6‐3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba‐ku Sendai Miyagi 980‐8578 Japan
| | - Kohsuke Kawabata
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6‐3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba‐ku Sendai Miyagi 980‐8578 Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2‐1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351‐0198 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Murase R, Hudson TA, Aldershof TS, Nguyen KV, Gluschke JG, Kenny EP, Zhou X, Wang T, van Koeverden MP, Powell BJ, Micolich AP, Abrahams BF, D'Alessandro DM. Multi-Redox Responsive Behavior in a Mixed-Valence Semiconducting Framework Based on Bis-[1,2,5]-thiadiazolo-tetracyanoquinodimethane. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13242-13253. [PMID: 35830247 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The two-dimensional (2-D) framework, [Cu(BTDAT)(MeOH)] {BTDAT = bis-[1,2,5]-thiadiazolo-tetracyanoquinodimethane}, possesses remarkable multi-step redox properties, with electrochemical studies revealing six quasi-stable redox states in the solid state. In situ electron paramagnetic resonance and visible-near infrared spectroelectrochemistry elucidated the mechanism for these multi-step redox processes, as well as the optical and electrochromic behavior of the BTDAT ligand and framework. In studying the structural, spectroscopic, and electronic properties of [Cu(BTDAT)(MeOH)], the as-synthesized framework was found to exist in a mixed-valence state with thermally-activated semiconducting behavior. In addition to pressed pellet conductivity measurements, single-crystal conductivity measurements using a pre-patterned polydimethylsiloxane layer on a silicon substrate provide important insights into the anisotropic conduction pathways. As an avenue to further understand the electronic state of [Cu(BTDAT)(MeOH)], computational band structure calculations predicted delocalized electronic transport in the framework. On the balance of probabilities, we propose that [Cu(BTDAT)(MeOH)] is a Mott insulator (i.e., electron correlations cause a metal-insulator transition). This implies that the conductivity is incoherent. However, we are unable to distinguish between activated transport due to Coulombically bound electron-hole pairs and a hopping mechanism. The combined electrochemical, electronic, and optical properties of [Cu(BTDAT)(MeOH)] shine a new light on the experimental and theoretical challenges for electroactive framework materials, which are implicated as the basis of advanced optoelectronic and electrochromic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Murase
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Timothy A Hudson
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Thomas S Aldershof
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ky V Nguyen
- School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jan G Gluschke
- School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Elise P Kenny
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Xiuwen Zhou
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Tiesheng Wang
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | | | - Benjamin J Powell
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Adam P Micolich
- School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Brendan F Abrahams
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Deanna M D'Alessandro
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Anisotropic Charge Transfer Mobility Properties of Systems with Large Conjugation Core and Peripheral Phenyl Rings. J CLUST SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-022-02307-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
23
|
Lakshmipathi M, Emmerling F, Bhattacharya B, Ghosh S. Structure-mechanical property correlation of a series of 4-(1-Napthylvinyl) pyridine based cocrystals. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
24
|
Akin Kara D, Burnett EK, Kara K, Usluer O, Cherniawski BP, Barron EJ, Gultekin B, Kus M, Briseno AL. Rubrene single crystal solar cells and the effect of crystallinity on interfacial recombination. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:10869-10876. [PMID: 35450982 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00985d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Single crystal studies provide a better understanding of the basic properties of organic photovoltaic devices. Therefore, in this work, rubrene single crystals with a thickness of 250 nm to 1000 nm were used to produce an inverted bilayer organic solar cell. Subsequently, polycrystalline rubrene (orthorhombic, triclinic) and amorphous bilayer solar cells of the same thickness as single crystals were studied to make comparisons across platforms. To investigate how single crystal, polycrystalline (triclinic-orthorhombic) and amorphous forms alter the charge carrier recombination mechanism at the rubrene/PCBM interface, light intensity measurements were carried out. The light intensity dependency of the JSC, VOC and FF parameters in organic solar cells with different forms of rubrene was determined. Monomolecular (Shockley Read Hall) recombination is observed in devices employing amorphous and polycrystalline rubrene in addition to bimolecular recombination, whereas the single crystal device is weakly affected by trap assisted SRH recombination due to reduced trap states at the donor acceptor interface. To date, the proposed work is the only systematic study examining transport and interface recombination mechanisms in organic solar cells produced by different structure forms of rubrene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Akin Kara
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.,Solar Energy Institute, Ege University, 35000, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Edmund K Burnett
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Koray Kara
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.,Izmir Graphene Application and Research Center, Izmir Katip Celebi University, 35000, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Usluer
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Benjamin P Cherniawski
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Edward J Barron
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Burak Gultekin
- Solar Energy Institute, Ege University, 35000, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Kus
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konya Technical University, 42000, Konya, Turkey
| | - Alejandro L Briseno
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.,US NAVY, NAWCWD, Research Office, China Lake, California 93555, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Ambipolar transistor properties have been observed in various small-molecule materials. Since a small energy gap is necessary, many types of molecular designs including extended π-skeletons as well as the incorporation of donor and acceptor units have been attempted. In addition to the energy levels, an inert passivation layer is important to observe ambipolar transistor properties. Ambipolar transport has been observed in extraordinary π-electron systems such as antiaromatic compounds, biradicals, radicals, metal complexes, and hydrogen-bonded materials. Several donor/acceptor cocrystals show ambipolar transport as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Higashino
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Takehiko Mori
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku, 152-8552, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wu F, Gutiérrez-Lezama I, López-Paz SA, Gibertini M, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, von Rohr FO, Ubrig N, Morpurgo AF. Quasi-1D Electronic Transport in a 2D Magnetic Semiconductor. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109759. [PMID: 35191570 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electronic transport through exfoliated multilayers of CrSBr, a 2D semiconductor of interest because of its magnetic properties, is investigated. An extremely pronounced anisotropy manifesting itself in qualitative and quantitative differences of all quantities measured along the in-plane a and b crystallographic directions is found. In particular, a qualitatively different dependence of the conductivities σa and σb on temperature and gate voltage, accompanied by orders of magnitude differences in their values (σb /σa ≈ 3 × 102 to 105 at low temperature and negative gate voltage) are observed, together with a different behavior of the longitudinal magnetoresistance in the two directions and the complete absence of the Hall effect in transverse resistance measurements. These observations appear not to be compatible with a description in terms of conventional band transport of a 2D doped semiconductor. The observed phenomenology-and unambiguous signatures of a 1D van Hove singularity detected in energy-resolved photocurrent measurements-indicate that electronic transport through CrSBr multilayers is better interpreted by considering the system as formed by weakly and incoherently coupled 1D wires, than by conventional 2D band transport. It is concluded that CrSBr is the first 2D semiconductor to show distinctly quasi-1D electronic transport properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Ignacio Gutiérrez-Lezama
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Sara A López-Paz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Marco Gibertini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, IT-41125, Italy
- Centro S3, CNR Istituto Nanoscienze, Modena, IT-41125, Italy
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Fabian O von Rohr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Ubrig
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Alberto F Morpurgo
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Deng W, Lei H, Zhang X, Sheng F, Shi J, Zhang X, Liu X, Grigorian S, Zhang X, Jie J. Scalable Growth of Organic Single-Crystal Films via an Orientation Filter Funnel for High-Performance Transistors with Excellent Uniformity. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109818. [PMID: 35073612 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organic single-crystal films (OSCFs) provide an unprecedented opportunity for the development of new-generation organic single-crystal electronics. However, crystallization of organic films is normally governed by stochastic nucleation and incoherent growth, posing a formidable challenge to grow large-sized OSCFs. Here, an "orientation filter funnel" concept is presented for the scalable growth of OSCFs with well-aligned, singly orientated crystals. By rationally designing solvent wetting/dewetting patterns on the substrate, this approach can produce seed crystals with the same crystallographic orientation and then maintain epitaxial growth of these crystals, enabling the formation of large-area OSCFs. As a result, this unique concept for crystal growth not only enhances the average mobility of organic film by 4.5-fold but also improves its uniformity of electrical properties, with a low mobility variable coefficient of 9.8%, the new lowest record among organic devices. The method offers a general and scalable route to produce OSCFs toward real-word electronic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Deng
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hemeng Lei
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Fangming Sheng
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jialin Shi
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiali Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Souren Grigorian
- Department of Physics, University of Siegen, 57072, Siegen, Germany
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jiansheng Jie
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kumagai S, Ishii H, Watanabe G, Yu CP, Watanabe S, Takeya J, Okamoto T. Nitrogen-Containing Perylene Diimides: Molecular Design, Robust Aggregated Structures, and Advances in n-Type Organic Semiconductors. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:660-672. [PMID: 35157436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusOrganic semiconductors (OSCs) have attracted much attention because of their potential applications for flexible and printed electronic devices and thus have been extensively investigated in a variety of research fields, such as organic chemistry, solid-state physics, and device physics and engineering. Organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs), a class of OSC-based devices, have been expected to be an alternative of silicon-based metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs), which is the indispensable element for most of the current electronic devices. However, the noncovalently aggregated, van der Waals solid nature of the OSCs, by contrast to covalently bound silicon, conventionally exhibits lower carrier mobilities, limiting the practical applications of OTFTs. In particular, electron-transporting (i.e., n-type) OSCs lag behind their hole-transporting (p-type) counterparts in carrier mobility and ambient stability as OTFTs. This is primarily because of the difficulty in achieving compatibility between the aggregated structure exhibiting excellent carrier mobility and that with enough electron affinity. Recent understandings of carrier transport in OSCs explain that large and two-dimensionally isotropic transfer integrals coupled with small fluctuations are crucial for high carrier mobilities. In addition, from a practical point of view, the compatibility with practical device processes is highly required. Rational molecular design principles, therefore, are still demanded for developing OSCs and OTFTs toward high-end device applications.Herein, we will show our recent progress in the development of n-type OSCs with the key π-electron core (π-core) of benzo[de]isoquinolino[1,8-gh]quinolinetetracarboxylic diimide (BQQDI) on the basis of single-crystal OTFT technologies and the band-transport model enabled by two-dimensional molecular packing arrangements. The critical point is the introduction of electronegative nitrogen atoms into the π-core: the nitrogen atoms in BQQDI not only deepen the molecular orbital energies but also allow hydrogen-bonding-like attractive intermolecular interactions to control the aggregated structures, unlike the conventional role of the nitrogen introduced into OSCs only for the former role. Hence, the BQQDI analogues exhibit air-stable OTFT behavior and two-dimensional brickwork packing structures. Specifically, phenethyl-substituted analogue (PhC2-BQQDI) has been shown as the first principal BQQDI-based material, demonstrating solution-processable thin-film single crystals, fewer anisotropic transfer integrals, and an effective suppression of molecular motions, leading to band-like electron-transport properties and stress-durable n-channel OTFT performances, in conjunction with the support of computational calculations. Insights into more fundamental points of view have been found by side-chain derivatization and OTFT studies on polycrystalline and single-crystal films. We hope that this Account provides readers with new strategies for designing high-performance OSCs by two-dimensional control of the aggregated structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Kumagai
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishii
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Go Watanabe
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Craig P. Yu
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Shun Watanabe
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Jun Takeya
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
- MANA, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 205-0044, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Okamoto
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
- PRESTO, JST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wei Y, Xue D, Ji L, Lu J, Wang Q, Jiang X, Sun Y, Wang Z, Huang L, Chi L. Growth behavior of rubrene thin films on hexagonal boron nitride in the early stage. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Wei
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Di Xue
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Lianlian Ji
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Jie Lu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Yinghui Sun
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Zi Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
- Gusu Laboratory of Materials Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Lizhen Huang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Fuchibe K, Ichikawa J, Takao G, Hakozaki T, Miura K, Urushibara Y. Construction of Substituted [4]Acene Frameworks Based on Double Cationic Cyclizations of Fluoroalkenes. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1610791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn this study, 5-substituted and 5,6-disubstituted [4]acenes were synthesized by the double cationic cyclization of fluoroalkenes. (a) After being treated with Me2AlCl (1.2 equiv), 2-trifluoromethyl-1-alkenes bearing two aryl groups underwent domino Friedel–Crafts-type cyclization (two-ring construction) followed by dehydrogenation to generate 5-fluorinated [4]acenes. The same (trifluoromethyl)alkenes were treated with both Me2AlCl (1.2 equiv) and Me3Al (1.0 equiv), resulting in selective one-ring construction and the creation of bicyclic 1,1-difluoro-1-alkenes. (b) When treated with triflic acid, the bicyclic difluoroalkenes underwent regioselective protonation to generate CF2 cations; Friedel–Crafts-type cyclization of these cations provided tetracyclic ketones. The obtained ketones act as an appropriate platform for the introduction of substituents at the 5-position of [4]acenes. (c) When treated with DDQ/H+, the bicyclic difluoroalkenes underwent oxidative generation of allylic CF2 cations; Friedel–Crafts-type cyclization of these cations produced tetracyclic enones. The enones were subjected to double addition of carbanions to facilitate the introduction of two substituents at the 5- and 6-positions of dihydro[4]acenes.
Collapse
|
31
|
van der Lee A, Polentarutti M, Roche GH, Dautel OJ, Wantz G, Castet F, Muccioli L. Temperature-Dependent Structural Phase Transition in Rubrene Single Crystals: The Missing Piece from the Charge Mobility Puzzle? J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:406-411. [PMID: 34986305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Accurate structural models for rubrene, the benchmark organic semiconductor, derived from synchrotron X-ray data in the temperature range of 100-300 K, show that its cofacially stacked tetracene backbone units remain blocked with respect to each other upon cooling to 200 K and start to slip below that temperature. The release of the blocked slippage occurs at approximately the same temperature as the hole mobility crossover. The blocking between 200 and 300 K is caused by a negative correlation between the relatively small thermal expansion along the crystallographic b-axis and the relatively large widening of the angle between herringbone-stacked tetracene units. DFT calculations reveal that this blocked slippage is accompanied by a discontinuity in the variation with temperature of the electronic couplings associated with hole transport between cofacially stacked tetracene backbones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arie van der Lee
- IEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Maurizio Polentarutti
- Elettra, Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Gilles H Roche
- ICGM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
- Université de Bordeaux, IMS, CNRS, UMR 5218, Bordeaux INP, ENSCBP, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Olivier J Dautel
- ICGM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Wantz
- Université de Bordeaux, IMS, CNRS, UMR 5218, Bordeaux INP, ENSCBP, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Frédéric Castet
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (UMR5255 CNRS), 351 cours de la Libération, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Luca Muccioli
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yu L, Pavlica E, Li R, Zhong Y, Silva C, Bratina G, Müller C, Amassian A, Stingelin N. Conjugated Polymer Mesocrystals with Structural and Optoelectronic Coherence and Anisotropy in Three Dimensions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2103002. [PMID: 34676923 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting mesocrystalline bulk polymer specimens that exhibit near-intrinsic properties using channel-die pressing are demonstrated. A predominant edge-on orientation is obtained for poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) throughout 2 mm-thick/wide samples. This persistent mesocrystalline arrangement at macroscopic scales allows reliable evaluation of the electronic charge-transport anisotropy along all three crystallographic axes, with high mobilities found along the π-stacking. Indeed, charge-carrier mobilities of up to 2.3 cm2 V-1 s-1 are measured along the π-stack, which are some of the highest mobilities reported for polymers at low charge-carrier densities (drop-cast films display mobilities of maximum ≈10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1 ). The structural coherence also leads to an unusually well-defined photoluminescence line-shape characteristic of an H-aggregate (measured from the surface perpendicular to the materials flow), rather than the typical HJ-aggregate feature usually found for P3HT. The approach is widely applicable: to electrical conductors and materials used in n-type devices, such as poly{[N,N'-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5'-(2,2'-bithiophene)} (N2200) where the mesocrystalline structure leads to high electron transport along the polymer backbones (≈1.3 cm2 V-1 s-1 ). This versatility and the broad applicability of channel-die pressing signifies its promise as a straightforward, readily scalable method to fabricate bulk semiconducting polymer structures at macroscopic scales with properties typically accessible only by the tedious growth of single crystals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Egon Pavlica
- Laboratory of Organic Matter Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, Nova Gorica, SI-5000, Slovenia
| | - Ruipeng Li
- NSLS II, Brookhaven National Lab, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Yufei Zhong
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo, 315100, P. R. China
| | - Carlos Silva
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - Gvido Bratina
- Laboratory of Organic Matter Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, Nova Gorica, SI-5000, Slovenia
| | - Christian Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Aram Amassian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Natalie Stingelin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Korath Shivan S, Maier A, Scheele M. Emergent properties in supercrystals of atomically precise nanoclusters and colloidal nanocrystals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6998-7017. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00778a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We provide a comprehensive account of the optical, electrical and mechanical properties that result from the self-assembly of colloidal nanocrystals or atomically precise nanoclusters into crystalline arrays with long-range order....
Collapse
|
34
|
Moret M, Gavezzotti A. The crystalline state of rubrene materials: intermolecular recognition, isomorphism, polymorphism, and periodic bond-chain analysis of morphologies. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00861k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Crystal structure analysis and lattice energy calculations of 33 rubrenes provide a background for new ideas on synthesis and planning of transport properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Moret
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano – Bicocca, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Nishimoto H, Kadoya T, Miyake R, Oda T, Nishida JI, Kubo K, Tajima H, Kawase T, Yamada JI. An isotropic three-dimensional organic semiconductor 2-(thiopyran-4-ylidene)-1,3-benzodithiole (TP-BT): asymmetric molecular design to suppress access resistance. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00644h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of P-BT and TP-BT and their OTFT properties based on electronic dimensionality and access resistance (Racc). TP-BT can suppress Racc due to its 3D electronic structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nishimoto
- Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Kadoya
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Kouto, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Rikyu Miyake
- School of Science, University of Hyogo, Kouto, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Takeshi Oda
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Kouto, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Nishida
- Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kubo
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Kouto, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tajima
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Kouto, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawase
- Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Yamada
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Kouto, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Rao VJ, Qi H, Berger FJ, Grieger S, Kaiser U, Backes C, Zaumseil J. Liquid Phase Exfoliation of Rubrene Single Crystals into Nanorods and Nanobelts. ACS NANO 2021; 15:20466-20477. [PMID: 34813291 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) is a popular method to create dispersions of two-dimensional nanosheets from layered inorganic van der Waals crystals. Here, it is applied to orthorhombic and triclinic single crystals of the organic semiconductor rubrene with only noncovalent interactions (mainly π-π) between the molecules. Distinct nanorods and nanobelts of rubrene are formed, stabilized against aggregation in aqueous sodium cholate solution, and isolated by liquid cascade centrifugation. Selected-area electron diffraction and Raman spectroscopy confirm the crystallinity of the rubrene nanorods and nanobelts while the optical properties (absorbance, photoluminescence) of the dispersions are similar to rubrene solutions due to their randomized orientations. The formation of these stable crystalline rubrene nanostructures with only a few molecular layers by LPE confirms that noncovalent interactions in molecular crystals can be strong enough to enable mechanical exfoliation similar to inorganic layered materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi J Rao
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Haoyuan Qi
- Central Facility of Materials Science Electron Microscopy, Universität Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Felix J Berger
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Grieger
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Central Facility of Materials Science Electron Microscopy, Universität Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Claudia Backes
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jana Zaumseil
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Karothu DP, Dushaq G, Ahmed E, Catalano L, Rasras M, Naumov P. Multifunctional Deformable Organic Semiconductor Single Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26151-26157. [PMID: 34570413 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We report the first organic semiconductor crystal with a unique combination of properties that can be used as a multifunctional optoelectronic device. Mechanically flexible single crystals of 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene (BPEA) can function as a phototransistor, photoswitch, and an optical waveguide. The material can exist as two structurally different solid phases, with single crystals of one of the phases being elastic at room temperature while those of the other are brittle and become plastic at higher temperature. The output and transfer characteristics of the devices were characterized by measuring the generation and temporal response of the switching of the photogenerated current. The current-voltage characteristics of both phases exhibit linearity and symmetry about the positive and negative voltages. The crystals transmit light in the telecommunications range with significantly low optical loss for an organic crystalline material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Durga Prasad Karothu
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Ghada Dushaq
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Ejaz Ahmed
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Luca Catalano
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Mahmoud Rasras
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Panče Naumov
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE.,Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Karothu DP, Dushaq G, Ahmed E, Catalano L, Rasras M, Naumov P. Multifunctional Deformable Organic Semiconductor Single Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghada Dushaq
- Division of Engineering New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Ejaz Ahmed
- Smart Materials Lab New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Luca Catalano
- Smart Materials Lab New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Mahmoud Rasras
- Division of Engineering New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Panče Naumov
- Smart Materials Lab New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi UAE
- Molecular Design Institute Department of Chemistry New York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Takahashi K, Izawa S, Ohtsuka N, Izumiseki A, Tsuruta R, Takeuchi R, Gunjo Y, Nakanishi Y, Mase K, Koganezawa T, Momiyama N, Hiramoto M, Nakayama Y. Quasi-Homoepitaxial Junction of Organic Semiconductors: A Structurally Seamless but Electronically Abrupt Interface between Rubrene and Bis(trifluoromethyl)dimethylrubrene. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:11430-11437. [PMID: 34792366 PMCID: PMC8630783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Single-crystalline organic semiconductors exhibiting band transport have opened new possibilities for the utilization of efficient charge carrier conduction in organic electronic devices. The epitaxial growth of molecular materials is a promising route for the realization of well-crystallized organic semiconductor p-n junctions for optoelectronic applications enhanced by the improved charge carrier mobility. In this study, the formation of a high-quality crystalline interface upon "quasi-homoepitaxial" growth of bis(trifluoromethyl)dimethylrubrene (fmRub) on the single-crystal surface of rubrene was revealed by using out-of-plane and grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction techniques. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy results indicated abrupt electronic energy levels and the occurrence of band bending across this quasi-homoepitaxial interface. This study verifies that the minimization of the lattice mismatch enhances the crystalline qualities at the heterojunctions even for van der Waals molecular condensates, potentially opening an untested route for the realization of high-mobility organic semiconductor optoelectronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kana Takahashi
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Izawa
- Institute
for Molecular Science, National Institutes
of Natural Sciences, and SOKENDAI, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- Precursory
Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Naoya Ohtsuka
- Institute
for Molecular Science, National Institutes
of Natural Sciences, and SOKENDAI, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Atsuto Izumiseki
- Institute
for Molecular Science, National Institutes
of Natural Sciences, and SOKENDAI, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Ryohei Tsuruta
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Riku Takeuchi
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yuki Gunjo
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakanishi
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Mase
- Institute
for Materials Structure Science, High Energy
Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and SOKENDAI, Tsukuba 305-0801, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Koganezawa
- Industrial
Application Division, Japan Synchrotron
Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo-gun 679-5198, Hyo̅go, Japan
| | - Norie Momiyama
- Institute
for Molecular Science, National Institutes
of Natural Sciences, and SOKENDAI, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hiramoto
- Institute
for Molecular Science, National Institutes
of Natural Sciences, and SOKENDAI, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Yasuo Nakayama
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
- Division
of Colloid and Interface Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
- Research
Group for Advanced Energy Conversion, Tokyo
University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
He T, Stolte M, Wang Y, Renner R, Ruden PP, Würthner F, Frisbie CD. Site-specific chemical doping reveals electron atmospheres at the surfaces of organic semiconductor crystals. NATURE MATERIALS 2021; 20:1532-1538. [PMID: 34462569 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-01079-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chemical doping controls the electronic properties of organic semiconductors, but so far, doping protocols and mechanisms are less developed than in conventional semiconductors. Here we describe a unique, site-specific, n-type surface doping mechanism for single crystals of two benchmark organic semiconductors that produces dramatic improvement in electron transport and provides unprecedented evidence for doping-induced space charge. The surface doping chemistry specifically targets crystallographic step edges, which are known electron traps, simultaneously passivating the traps and releasing itinerant electrons. The effect on electron transport is profound: field-effect electron mobility increases by as much as a factor of ten, and its temperature-dependent behaviour switches from thermally activated to band-like. Our findings suggest new site-specific strategies to dope organic semiconductors that differ from the conventional redox chemistry of randomly distributed substitutional impurities. Critically, they also verify the presence of doping-induced electron atmospheres, confirming long-standing expectations for organic systems from conventional solid-state theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao He
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rebecca Renner
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
| | - P Paul Ruden
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Frank Würthner
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
| | - C Daniel Frisbie
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Yuan K, Song T, Yang C, Guo J, Sun Q, Zou Y, Jiao F, Li L, Zhang X, Dong H, Li L, Hu W. Polymer-Assisted Space-Confined Strategy for the Foot-Scale Synthesis of Flexible Metal-Organic Framework-Based Composite Films. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:17526-17534. [PMID: 34644063 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
At the gas-liquid interface, the confined synthesis of metal-organic framework (MOF) films has been extensively developed by spreading an ultrathin oil layer on the aqueous surface as a reactor. However, this interface is susceptible to various disturbances and incapable of synthesizing large-area crystalline MOF films. Herein, we developed a polymer-assisted space-confined strategy to synthesize large-area films by blending poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) into the oil layer, which improved the stability of the gas-liquid interface and the self-shrinkage of the oil layer on the water surface. Meanwhile, the as-synthesized MOFs as a quasi-solid substrate immobilized the edge of the oil layer, which maintained a large spreading area. Thanks to this synergistic effect, we synthesized the freestanding MOF-based film with a foot-level (0.66 ft) lateral dimension, which is the largest size reported so far. Besides, due to the phase separation of the two components, the MOF-PMMA composite film combined the conductivity of MOFs (1.13 S/m) with the flexibility of PMMA and exhibited excellent mechanical properties. More importantly, this strategy could be extended to the preparation of other MOFs, coordination polymers (CPs), and even inorganic material composite films, bringing light to the design and large-scale synthesis of various composite films for practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Tianqun Song
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Chenhuai Yang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qisheng Sun
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ye Zou
- National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Fei Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lujiang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Liqiang Li
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Takimiya K, Bulgarevich K, Abbas M, Horiuchi S, Ogaki T, Kawabata K, Ablat A. "Manipulation" of Crystal Structure by Methylthiolation Enabling Ultrahigh Mobility in a Pyrene-Based Molecular Semiconductor. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2102914. [PMID: 34219291 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Control and prediction of crystal structures of molecular semiconductors are considered challenging, yet they are crucial for rational design of superior molecular semiconductors. It is here reported that through methylthiolation, one can rationally control the crystal structure of pyrene derivatives as molecular semiconductors; 1,6-bis(methylthio)pyrene keeps a similar sandwich herringbone structure to that of parent pyrene, whereas 1,3,6,8-tetrakis(methylthio)pyrene (MT-pyrene) takes a new type of brickwork structure. Such changes in these crystal structures are explained by the alteration of intermolecular interactions that are efficiently controlled by methylthiolation. Single crystals of MT-pyrene are evaluated as the active semiconducting material in single-crystal field-effect transistors (SC-FETs), which show extremely high mobility (32 cm2 V-1 s-1 on average) operating at the drain and gate voltages of -5 V. Moreover, the band-like transport and very low trap density are experimentally confirmed for the MT-pyrene SC-FETs, testifying that the MT-pyrene is among the best molecular semiconductors for the SC-FET devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Takimiya
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Kirill Bulgarevich
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mamatimin Abbas
- IMS, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR-5218, Bordeaux INP, ENSCBP, Talence, 33405, France
| | - Shingo Horiuchi
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takuya Ogaki
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Kawabata
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Abduleziz Ablat
- IMS, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR-5218, Bordeaux INP, ENSCBP, Talence, 33405, France
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Otsuka K, Fang N, Yamashita D, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Kato YK. Deterministic transfer of optical-quality carbon nanotubes for atomically defined technology. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3138. [PMID: 34035306 PMCID: PMC8149403 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23413-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
When continued device scaling reaches the ultimate limit imposed by atoms, technology based on atomically precise structures is expected to emerge. Device fabrication will then require building blocks with identified atomic arrangements and assembly of the components without contamination. Here we report on a versatile dry transfer technique for deterministic placement of optical-quality carbon nanotubes. Single-crystalline anthracene is used as a medium which readily sublimes by mild heating, leaving behind clean nanotubes and thus enabling bright photoluminescence. We are able to position nanotubes of a desired chirality with a sub-micron accuracy under in-situ optical monitoring, thereby demonstrating deterministic coupling of a nanotube to a photonic crystal nanobeam cavity. A cross junction structure is also designed and constructed by repeating the nanotube transfer, where intertube exciton transfer is observed. Our results represent an important step towards development of devices consisting of atomically precise components and interfaces. As device fabrication reach atomic scales, assembly of atomically defined components becomes crucial. Here, the authors demonstrate a low contamination transfer technique, using single-crystalline anthracene as medium, for placement of structure-specific carbon nanotubes with submicron accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Otsuka
- Nanoscale Quantum Photonics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, Japan. .,Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Nan Fang
- Nanoscale Quantum Photonics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, Japan
| | - Daiki Yamashita
- Quantum Optoelectronics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuichiro K Kato
- Nanoscale Quantum Photonics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, Japan. .,Quantum Optoelectronics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Tonga M. Effect of π‒conjugation on aggregation–induced emission of α–cyanostilbene incorporated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
45
|
Alaei A, Zong K, Asawa K, Chou TM, Briseño AL, Choi CH, Lee SS. Orienting and shaping organic semiconductor single crystals through selective nanoconfinement. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:3603-3608. [PMID: 33416826 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01928c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
For organic semiconductor crystals exhibiting anisotropic charge transport along different crystallographic directions, nanoconfinement is a powerful strategy to control crystal orientation by aligning the fast crystallographic growth direction(s) with the unconfined axis(es) of nanoconfining scaffolds. Here, design rules are presented to relate crystal morphology, scaffold geometry, and orientation control in solution-processed small-molecule crystals. Specifically, organic semiconductor triisopropylsilylethynyl pyranthrene needle-like crystals with a dimensionality of n = 1 and perylene platelike crystals with n = 2 were grown from solution within nanoconfining scaffolds comprising cylindrical nanopores with a dimensionality of m = 1, representing one unconfined dimension along the cylinder axis, and those comprising nanopillar arrays with a dimensionality of m = 2. For m = n systems, native crystal growth habits were preserved while the crystal orientation in n = m direction(s) was dictated by the geometry of the scaffold. For n≠m systems, on the other hand, orientation control was restricted within a single plane, either parallel or perpendicular to the substrate surface. Intriguingly, control over crystal shape was also observed for perylene crystals grown in cylindrical nanopores (n > m). Within the nanopores, crystal growth was restricted along a single direction to form a needle-like morphology. Once growth proceeded above the scaffold surface, the crystals adopted their native growth habit to form asymmetric T-shaped single crystals with concave corners. These findings suggest that nanoporous scaffolds with spatially-varying dimensionalities can be used to grow single crystals of complex shapes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aida Alaei
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Kai Zong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Kaustubh Asawa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Tseng-Ming Chou
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Alejandro L Briseño
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Chang-Hwan Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Stephanie S Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mamada M, Goushi K, Nakamura R, Kaji H, Adachi C. Synthesis and Characterization of 5,5′-Bitetracene. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Mamada
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- JST ERATO, Adachi Molecular Exciton Engineering Project c/o OPERA, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Academia-Industry Molecular Systems for Devices Research and Education Center (AIMS), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kenichi Goushi
- JST ERATO, Adachi Molecular Exciton Engineering Project c/o OPERA, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ryota Nakamura
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- JST ERATO, Adachi Molecular Exciton Engineering Project c/o OPERA, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hironori Kaji
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- JST ERATO, Adachi Molecular Exciton Engineering Project c/o OPERA, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Academia-Industry Molecular Systems for Devices Research and Education Center (AIMS), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Yin H, Chen J, Zheng D. Effect of Molecular Substitution and Isomerization on Charge-Transport Parameters in Molecular Organic Semiconductors. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:2660-2667. [PMID: 33689354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Charge transport in an organic semiconductor is strongly dependent on the molecular packing motif, which could be modified by the molecular substitutions and molecular isomerization. We constructed a series of benzodithiophene-based organic semiconductor molecules with different silyethyne substitutions and isomers. The existence of different conformations of these molecules is supported by a low isomerization energy barrier from density functional theory. By using Marcus semiclassical theory calculation, we make a comprehensive assessment for the effect of molecular substitution and isomerization on charge transport. We found that the hole mobility of cis-isomer molecular packing can be enhanced by increasing the length of silylethyne substitutions. We demonstrated that a favorable charge-transport material would possess an identical direction of induced ring currents, stable induced magnetic fields, and dominant π-π stacking interaction in their molecular packing motif to ensure good π-overlap area. Our findings will provide direct guidance for developing organic semiconductor materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yin
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Junsheng Chen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daoyuan Zheng
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mahmood J, Lee EK, Noh HJ, Ahmad I, Seo JM, Im YK, Jeon JP, Kim SJ, Oh JH, Baek JB. Fused Aromatic Network with Exceptionally High Carrier Mobility. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004707. [PMID: 33470474 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, studies of 2D organic layered materials with unique electronic properties have generated considerable interest in the research community. However, the development of organic materials with functional electrical transport properties is still needed. Here, a 2D fused aromatic network (FAN) structure with a C5 N basal plane stoichiometry is designed and synthesized, and thin films are cast from C5 N solution onto silicon dioxide substrates. Then field-effect transistors are fabricated using C5 N thin flakes as the active layer in a bottom-gate top-contact configuration to characterize their electrical properties. The C5 N thin flakes, isolated by polydimethylsiloxane stamping, exhibit ambipolar charge transport and extraordinarily high electron (996 cm2 V-1 s-1 ) and hole (501 cm2 V-1 s-1 ) mobilities, surpassing the performance of most pristine organic materials without doping. These results demonstrate their vast potential for applications in thin-film optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javeed Mahmood
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Eun Kwang Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jun Noh
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Ishfaq Ahmad
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Min Seo
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Kwang Im
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Jong-Pil Jeon
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Seok-Jin Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Joon Hak Oh
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jong-Beom Baek
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Liu M, Wei Y, Ou Q, Yu P, Wang G, Duan Y, Geng H, Peng Q, Shuai Z, Liao Y. Molecular Design Strategy for Simultaneously Strong Luminescence and High Mobility: Multichannel CH-π Interaction. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:938-946. [PMID: 33439658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is a big challenge to achieve high-performance organic semiconductor materials integrating both high luminescence efficiency and carrier mobility, because they are commonly regarded as a pair of contradiction. Here, combining a tight-binding model and density functional theory/time-dependent density functional theory, we propose a theoretical protocol to characterize the luminescence efficiency via an excitonic effective mass and charge transport ability via charge effective mass at the same level. Applying this protocol to a series of organic semiconductor materials, we find that the multichannel CH-π interaction can induce a heavy excitonic effective mass and light charge effective mass, which effectively balance the light-emitting efficiency and carrier mobility. Thus, a practical molecular design strategy is figured out to exploit novel organic semiconductor materials with strong luminescence and fast carrier transport simultaneously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meihui Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yuling Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Qi Ou
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Peiyi Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Guo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yuai Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hua Geng
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Qian Peng
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhigang Shuai
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yi Liao
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wu T, Ni W, Gurzadyan GG, Sun L. Singlet fission from upper excited singlet states and polaron formation in rubrene film. RSC Adv 2021; 11:4639-4645. [PMID: 35424413 PMCID: PMC8694490 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10780h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Femtosecond fluorescence up-conversion and transient absorption pump-probe setups are applied to study the relaxation dynamics of the lower and upper excited singlet electronic states in easy-to-make rubrene films. Upon 250 nm (4.96 eV) excitation, singlet fission was observed directly from S2 state bypassing S1 state within 30 fs i.e. breaking the classical Kasha rule. From the transient absorption measurements, polaron formation was also detected on the same time scale. Both singlet fission and polaron formation are accelerated from upper excited states compared with S1 state. Our work shows that rubrene films with low degree of crystallinity could display efficient singlet fission, notably in the case of excitation to upper lying electronic states. This can strongly expand the applications of rubrene in organic electronics. Moreover, our results will provide a new direction for synthesizing novel materials with optimized excited state properties for organic photovoltaic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, Dalian University of Technology 116024 Dalian China
| | - Wenjun Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, Dalian University of Technology 116024 Dalian China
| | - Gagik G Gurzadyan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, Dalian University of Technology 116024 Dalian China
| | - Licheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, Dalian University of Technology 116024 Dalian China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology 10044 Stockholm Sweden
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels, School of Science, Westlake University 310024 Hangzhou China
| |
Collapse
|