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Wang W, Sessler CD, Wang X, Liu J. In Situ Synthesis and Assembly of Functional Materials and Devices in Living Systems. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:2013-2026. [PMID: 39007720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusIntegrating functional materials and devices with living systems enables novel methods for recording, manipulating, or augmenting organisms not accessible by traditional chemical, optical, or genetic approaches. (The term "device" refers to the fundamental components of complex electronic systems, such as transistors, capacitors, conductors, and electrodes.) Typically, these advanced materials and devices are synthesized, either through chemical or physical reactions, outside the biological systems (ex situ) before they are integrated. This is due in part to the more limited repertoire of biocompatible chemical transformations available for assembling functional materials in vivo. Given that most of the assembled bulk materials are impermeable to cell membranes and cannot go through the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the external synthesis poses challenges when trying to interface these materials and devices with cells precisely and in a timely manner and at the micro- and nanoscale─a crucial requirement for modulating cellular functions. In contrast to presynthesis in a separate location, in situ assembly, wherein small molecules or building blocks are directly assembled into functional materials within a biological system at the desired site of action, has offered a potential solution for spatiotemporal and genetic control of material synthesis and assembly.In this Account, we highlight recent advances in spatially and temporally targeted functional material synthesis and assembly in living cells, tissues and animals and provide perspective on how they may enable novel probing, modulation, or augmentation of fundamental biology. We discuss several strategies, starting from the traditional nontargeted methods to targeted assembly of functional materials and devices based on the endogenous markers of the biological system. We then focus on genetically targeted assembly of functional materials, which employs enzymatic catalysis centers expressed in living systems to assemble functional materials in specific molecular-defined cell types. We introduce the recent efforts of our group to modulate membrane capacitance and neuron excitability using in situ synthesized electrically functional polymers in a genetically targetable manner. These advances demonstrate the promise of in situ synthesis and assembly of functional materials and devices, including the optogenetic polymerization developed by our lab, to interface with cells in a cellular- or subcellular-specific manner by incorporating genetic and/or optical control over material assembly. Finally, we discuss remaining challenges, areas for improvement, potential applications to other biological systems, and novel methods for the in situ synthesis of functional materials that could be elevated by incorporating genetic or material design strategies. As researchers expand the toolkit of biocompatible in situ functional material synthetic techniques, we anticipate that these advancements could potentially offer valuable tools for exploring biological systems and developing therapeutic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Wang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02134, United States
| | - Chanan D Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jia Liu
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02134, United States
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Jung K, Corrigan N, Wong EHH, Boyer C. Bioactive Synthetic Polymers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2105063. [PMID: 34611948 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers are omnipresent in society as textiles and packaging materials, in construction and medicine, among many other important applications. Alternatively, natural polymers play a crucial role in sustaining life and allowing organisms to adapt to their environments by performing key biological functions such as molecular recognition and transmission of genetic information. In general, the synthetic and natural polymer worlds are completely separated due to the inability for synthetic polymers to perform specific biological functions; in some cases, synthetic polymers cause uncontrolled and unwanted biological responses. However, owing to the advancement of synthetic polymerization techniques in recent years, new synthetic polymers have emerged that provide specific biological functions such as targeted molecular recognition of peptides, or present antiviral, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities. In this review, the emergence of this generation of bioactive synthetic polymers and their bioapplications are summarized. Finally, the future opportunities in this area are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenward Jung
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN), and School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN), and School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Edgar H H Wong
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN), and School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN), and School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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Soni SS, Rodell CB. Polymeric materials for immune engineering: Molecular interaction to biomaterial design. Acta Biomater 2021; 133:139-152. [PMID: 33484909 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials continue to evolve as complex engineered tools for interactively instructing biological systems, aiding in the understanding and treatment of various disease states through intimate biological interaction. The immune response to polymeric materials is a critical area of study, as it governs the body's response to biomaterial implants, drug delivery vehicles, and even therapeutic drug formulations. Importantly, the development of the immune response to polymeric biomaterials spans length scales - from single molecular interactions to the complex sensing of bulk biophysical properties, all of which coordinate a tissue- and systems-level response. In this review, we specifically discuss a bottom-up approach to designing biomaterials that use molecular-scale interactions to drive immune response to polymers and discuss how these interactions can be leveraged for biomaterial design. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The immune system is an integral controller of (patho)physiological processes, affecting nearly all aspects of human health and disease. Polymeric biomaterials, whether biologically derived or synthetically produced, can potentially alter the behavior of immune cells due to their molecular-scale interaction with individual cells, as well as their interpretation at the bulk scale. This article reviews common mechanisms by which immune cells interact with polymers at the molecular level and discusses how these interactions are being leveraged to produce the next generation of biocompatible and immunomodulatory materials.
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Nazlı H, Gedik G. In-vitro evaluation of dendrimeric formulation of oxaliplatin. Pharm Dev Technol 2021; 26:750-764. [PMID: 34154500 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2021.1944205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is, preparing various dendrimeric formulations of oxaliplatin and investigating their properties. First of all, the solubility enhancement capabilities of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) G3.5 and PAMAM G4.5 dendrimers were investigated. The results showed that oxaliplatin solubility mostly increasing linearly with dendrimer concentration. Additionally, the increase was more notable in PAMAM G4.5 dendrimers. Then, drug-dendrimer complexes were prepared in different mediums, since the medium used can affect the amount of drug-loaded to dendrimers. Prepared complexes were examined for loading capacity and loading efficiency. It was found that PAMAM G4.5 dendrimers can complex with 2- to 5-fold more oxaliplatin than PAMAM G3.5. Finally, oxaliplatin was modified to a platinum (IV) compound to prepare chemical drug-dendrimer conjugates. Ester bonds were established by Steglich esterification through the hydroxyl group of modified oxaliplatin and the carboxyl groups of the dendrimers. The formulations were characterized by UV, IR, NMR spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering techniques. PAMAM G3.5 conjugate was further evaluated for the cytotoxicity test. The IC50 value of PAMAM G3.5 conjugate was found as 0.72 µM. For unmodified oxaliplatin, this value was 14.03 µM. As a result, a dendrimer-based drug delivery system that has been found promising for further improvement has been developed successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Nazlı
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Gülşah Gedik
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
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Sui B, Cheng C, Xu P. Pyridyl Disulfide Functionalized Polymers as Nanotherapeutic Platforms. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Binglin Sui
- Department of Discovery and Biomedical Sciences College of Pharmacy University of South Carolina 715 Sumter Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Chen Cheng
- Department of Discovery and Biomedical Sciences College of Pharmacy University of South Carolina 715 Sumter Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Peisheng Xu
- Department of Discovery and Biomedical Sciences College of Pharmacy University of South Carolina 715 Sumter Columbia SC 29208 USA
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Guan X, Chen Y, Wu X, Li P, Liu Y. Enzyme-responsive sulfatocyclodextrin/prodrug supramolecular assembly for controlled release of anti-cancer drug chlorambucil. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:953-956. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09047e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A supramolecular assembly constructed using sulfatocyclodextrin and choline modified chlorambucil exhibits excellent enzyme-response activity and controlled drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Guan
- College of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Xuan Wu
- College of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Peiyu Li
- College of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
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Yuan Y, Du C, Sun C, Zhu J, Wu S, Zhang Y, Ji T, Lei J, Yang Y, Gao N, Nie G. Chaperonin-GroEL as a Smart Hydrophobic Drug Delivery and Tumor Targeting Molecular Machine for Tumor Therapy. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:921-928. [PMID: 29287145 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The targeted delivery of hydrophobic therapeutic drugs to tumors is one of the major challenges in drug development. The use of natural proteins as drug delivery vehicles holds great promise due to various functionalities of proteins. In the current study, we exploited a natural protein, GroEL, which possesses a double layer cage structure, as a hydrophobic drug container, which is switchable by ATP binding to a hydrophilic status, to design a novel and intelligent hydrophobic drug delivery molecular machine with a controlled drug release profile. When loaded with the hydrophobic antitumor drug, Doxorubicin (Dox), GroEL was able to shield the drug from the aqueous phase of blood, releasing the drug once in the presence of a critical concentration of ATP at the tumor site. Unexpectedly, we found that GroEL has a specific affinity for the cell structural protein, plectin, which is expressed at abnormally elevated levels on the membranes of tumor cells but not in normal cells. This finding, in combination with the ATP sensitivity, makes GroEL a superior natural tumor targeting nanocarrier. Our data show that GroEL-Dox is able to effectively, and highly selectively, deliver the hydrophobic drug to fast growing tumors without overt adverse effects on the major organs. GroEL is therefore a promising drug delivery platform that can overcome the obstacles to hydrophobic drug targeting and delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beiyitiao 11, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chong Du
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beiyitiao 11, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital , Beijing 100034, China
| | - Cuiji Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beiyitiao 11, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beiyitiao 11, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shan Wu
- Beijing Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yinlong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beiyitiao 11, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University , Changchun 130021, China
| | - Tianjiao Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beiyitiao 11, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jianlin Lei
- Beijing Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yinmo Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital , Beijing 100034, China
| | - Ning Gao
- Beijing Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beiyitiao 11, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Guo Y, Jiang K, Shen Z, Zheng G, Fan L, Zhao R, Shao J. A Small Molecule Nanodrug by Self-Assembly of Dual Anticancer Drugs and Photosensitizer for Synergistic near-Infrared Cancer Theranostics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:43508-43519. [PMID: 29171263 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b14755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phototherapy including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) has attracted great attention. However, applications of some photosensitizers remain an obstacle by their poor photostability. To enhance the treatment efficiency of photosensitizers and tumor theranostic effect, herein, we reported a novel carrier-free, theranostic nanodrug by self-assembly of small molecule dual anticancer drugs and photosensitizer for tumor targeting. The developed carrier-free small molecule nanodrug delivery system was formed by hydrophobic ursolic acid, paclitaxel, and amphipathic indocyanine green (ICG) associated with electrostatic, π-π stacking, and hydrophobic interactions exhibiting water stability. The self-assembling of ICG on the dual anticancer nanodrug significantly enhanced water solubility of hydrophobic anticancer drugs and ICG photostability contributing to long-term near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging and effective chemophototherapy of tumor. The in vivo NIR fluorescence imaging showed that the theranostic nanodrug could be targeted to the tumor site via a potential enhanced permeability and retention effect proving the efficient accumulation of nanoparticles in the tumor site. Dramatically, chemophototherapy of tumor-bearing mice in vivo almost completely suppressed tumor growth and no tumor recurrence was observed. Encouraged by its carrier-free, prominent imaging and effective therapy, the small molecule nanodrug via self-assembly will provide a promising strategy for synergistic cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University , Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University , Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Zhichun Shen
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University , Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Guirong Zheng
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University , Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Lulu Fan
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University , Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Ruirui Zhao
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University , Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Jingwei Shao
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University , Fuzhou 350116, China
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Cao J, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Wu J, Wang W, Wu Q, Yuan Z. The effects of ligand valency and density on the targeting ability of multivalent nanoparticles based on negatively charged chitosan nanoparticles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 161:508-518. [PMID: 29128837 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that multivalent ligands could significantly enhance the binding avidity compared with the monovalent ones; therefore, once incorporated into nanoparticles, they promote superior targeting ability without increasing the ligand density. Although ligand valency and density play a key role on the targeting ability of corresponding nanoparticles, these facotrs remain largely unexplored and detailed studies are lacking. Herein, a series of multivalent ligands with certain valencies (FAn, n indicates the valency of ligand: n=3, 5, 7) has been conveniently synthesized by conjugating different copies of folate ligands with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). Negatively charged chitosan nanoparticles (CTS-SA NPs) have been utilized as proper multivalent platforms because they can strongly suppress non-specific protein adsorption and cellular uptake without interfering with the targeting ability of multivalent ligands. Subsequently, the structure of CTS-SA NPs has been modified using different amounts of FAn to form multivalent nanoparticles (FAn-CTS-SA NPs) with various valencies and densities. A series of specific investigations of them suggested that the cellular uptake of multivalent nanoparticles has largely varied with the ligand valency variation even at similar ligand densities; and also largely varied with ligand density variation even at the same ligand valencies. The intermediate valency and density values determined in the current study (ie., 5 and 2.4wt%, respectively) have provided the best cellular uptake, facilitating superior targeting ability at relatively low ligand valency and density. Unexpectedly, no conspicuous difference has been observed during endocytotic inhibition assays with single inhibitors, which may be attributed to the synergetic endocytotic mechanism with multiple pathways of multivalent nanoparticles. The optimal multivalent nanoparticles have also exhibited excellent biocompatibility, long-term stability in vitro and enhanced circulation time in vivo, thus demonstrating their potential for targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yahui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yukun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhi Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, China.
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11
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Liang Y, Li S, Wang X, He B, He B, Dai W, Zhang H, Wang X, Wang Y, Zhou D, Zhang Q. A Nanosystem of Amphiphilic Oligopeptide-Drug Conjugate Actualizing Both αvβ3 Targeting and Reduction-Triggered Release for Maytansinoid. Theranostics 2017; 7:3306-3318. [PMID: 28900511 PMCID: PMC5595133 DOI: 10.7150/thno.20242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To design a prodrug-based self-assembling nanosystem with both ligand targeting and stimuli-responsive features, and elucidate the superiority of each targeting strategy and the synergistic effect between them, we synthesized four small molecule amphiphilic peptide-drug conjugates (APDCs) using maytansinoid (DM1) as a cytotoxic agent, cRGDfK as a homing peptide, and disulfide (SS) or thioether (SMCC) as linker. Owing to their amphiphilicity, the APDCs could self-assemble into nanoparticles (APDC@NPs) which were evaluated in vitro in three different cell lines and in vivo in tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice. The RSSD@NPs showed the strongest interaction with αvβ3 integrin, highest cell uptake and intracellular free drug level, and best antitumor efficacy in vitro and in vivo, while it shared the same goodness with other test nanosystems in terms of high drug loading, EPR effect and free of potentially toxic polymers. Especially, the in vivo efficacy of RSSD@NPs was 2 fold of free DM1 which is too cytotoxic to be a drug, while the active targeted APDC@NPs demonstrated acceptable system, tissue and blood compatibility. In αvβ3-positive cells or tumors, the RGD targeting contributed much more than disulfide in anticancer effect. The maximum synergism of the two strategies reached to 22 fold in vitro and 3 fold in vivo. Generally, the active targeting, prodrug and nanosystem could significantly decrease the toxicity of free DM1 and improve its therapy outcome via combining active targeting, prodrug and nanopreparation, especially the dual targeting strategies and their synergism.
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Elistratova JG, Brylev KA, Solovieva AO, Pozmogova TN, Mustafina AR, Shestopalova LV, Shestopalov MA, Syakayev VV, Karasik AA, Sinyashin OG. Supporting effect of polyethylenimine on hexarhenium hydroxo cluster complex for cellular imaging applications. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Gao M, Yu F, Lv C, Choo J, Chen L. Fluorescent chemical probes for accurate tumor diagnosis and targeting therapy. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:2237-2271. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00908e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 527] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on small molecular ligand-targeted fluorescent imaging probes and fluorescent theranostics, including their design strategies and applications in clinical tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Yantai 264003
- China
| | - Fabiao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Yantai 264003
- China
| | - Changjun Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine
- Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University
- Binzhou 256603
- China
| | - Jaebum Choo
- Department of Bionano Engineering
- Hanyang University
- Ansan 426-791
- South Korea
| | - Lingxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Yantai 264003
- China
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Wilke P, Kunde T, Chattopadhyay S, ten Brummelhuis N, Du Prez FE, Börner HG. Easy access to triazolinedione-endcapped peptides for chemical ligation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:593-596. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08683g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A triazolinedione-precursor is directly built up from N-terminal peptide amines on resin, enabling a versatile route towards peptide–polymer conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Wilke
- Department of Chemistry
- Laboratory for Organic Synthesis of Functional Systems
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - T. Kunde
- Department of Chemistry
- Laboratory for Organic Synthesis of Functional Systems
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - S. Chattopadhyay
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group
- Ghent University
- Ghent
- Belgium
| | - N. ten Brummelhuis
- Department of Chemistry
- Laboratory for Organic Synthesis of Functional Systems
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - F. E. Du Prez
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group
- Ghent University
- Ghent
- Belgium
| | - H. G. Börner
- Department of Chemistry
- Laboratory for Organic Synthesis of Functional Systems
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
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15
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Biotechnology and the Mine of Tomorrow. Trends Biotechnol 2017; 35:79-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Hartley JM, Zhang R, Gudheti M, Yang J, Kopeček J. Tracking and quantifying polymer therapeutic distribution on a cellular level using 3D dSTORM. J Control Release 2016; 231:50-9. [PMID: 26855050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We used a single-molecule localization technique called direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) to quantify both colocalization and spatial distribution on a cellular level for two conceptually different N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer conjugates. Microscopy images were acquired of entire cells with resolutions as high as 25nm revealing the nanoscale distribution of the fluorescently labeled therapeutic components. Drug-free macromolecular therapeutics consisting of two self-assembling nanoconjugates showed slight increase in nanoclusters on the cell surface with time. Additionally, dSTORM provided high resolution images of the nanoscale organization of the self-assembling conjugates at the interface between two cells. A conjugate designed for treating ovarian cancer showed that the model drug (Cy3) and polymer bound to Cy5 were colocalized at an early time point before the model drug was enzymatically cleaved from the polymer. Using spatial descriptive statistics it was found that the drug was randomly distributed after 24h while the polymer bound dye remained in clusters. Four different fluorescent dyes were used and two different therapeutic systems were tested to demonstrate the versatility and possible general applicability of dSTORM for use in studying drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Hartley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, 20 S. 2030 E., Rm. 108, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, 20 S. 2030 E., Rm. 205, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Manasa Gudheti
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Bruker Nano Surfaces, 630 Komas Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, 20 S. 2030 E., Rm. 205, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, 20 S. 2030 E., Rm. 108, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, 20 S. 2030 E., Rm. 205, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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17
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Mukherjee S, Dinda H, Shashank L, Chakraborty I, Bhattacharyya R, Das Sarma J, Shunmugam R. Site-Specific Amphiphilic Magnetic Copolymer Nanoaggregates for Dual Imaging. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Mukherjee
- Polymer Research Centre,
Department of Chemical Sciences, ‡Department of Physical
Sciences, and §Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur – 741 246, Dist. Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Himadri Dinda
- Polymer Research Centre,
Department of Chemical Sciences, ‡Department of Physical
Sciences, and §Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur – 741 246, Dist. Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Litesh Shashank
- Polymer Research Centre,
Department of Chemical Sciences, ‡Department of Physical
Sciences, and §Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur – 741 246, Dist. Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Ipsita Chakraborty
- Polymer Research Centre,
Department of Chemical Sciences, ‡Department of Physical
Sciences, and §Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur – 741 246, Dist. Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Rangeet Bhattacharyya
- Polymer Research Centre,
Department of Chemical Sciences, ‡Department of Physical
Sciences, and §Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur – 741 246, Dist. Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Jayasri Das Sarma
- Polymer Research Centre,
Department of Chemical Sciences, ‡Department of Physical
Sciences, and §Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur – 741 246, Dist. Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Raja Shunmugam
- Polymer Research Centre,
Department of Chemical Sciences, ‡Department of Physical
Sciences, and §Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur – 741 246, Dist. Nadia, West Bengal, India
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18
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Hartley JM, Chu TW, Peterson EM, Zhang R, Yang J, Harris J, Kopeček J. Super-Resolution Imaging and Quantitative Analysis of Membrane Protein/Lipid Raft Clustering Mediated by Cell-Surface Self-Assembly of Hybrid Nanoconjugates. Chembiochem 2015; 16:1725-9. [PMID: 26097072 PMCID: PMC4551445 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Super-resolution imaging was used to quantify organizational changes in the plasma membrane after treatment with hybrid nanoconjugates. The nanoconjugates crosslinked CD20 on the surface of malignant B cells, thereby inducing apoptosis. Super-resolution images were analyzed by using pair-correlation analysis to determine cluster size and to count the average number of molecules in the clusters. The role of lipid rafts was investigated by pre-treating cells with a cholesterol chelator and actin destabilizer to prevent lipid raft formation. Lipid raft cluster size correlated with apoptosis induction after treatment with the nanoconjugates. Lipid raft clusters had radii of ∼ 200 nm in cells treated with the hybrid nanoconjugates. Super-resolution images provided precise molecule location coordinates that could be used to determine density of bound conjugates, cluster size, and number of molecules per cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Hartley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, 20 S. 2030 E., Room 108, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 (USA)
| | - Te-Wei Chu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 S. 2000 E Room 301, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 (USA)
| | - Eric M Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 (USA)
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 S. 2000 E Room 301, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 (USA)
| | - Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 S. 2000 E Room 301, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 (USA)
| | - Joel Harris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 (USA)
| | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, 20 S. 2030 E., Room 108, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 (USA).
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 S. 2000 E Room 301, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 (USA).
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19
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Fang S, Niu Y, Zhu W, Zhang Y, Yu L, Li X. Liposomes assembled from a dual drug-tailed phospholipid for cancer therapy. Chem Asian J 2015; 10:1232-8. [PMID: 25690917 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201500067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a novel dual drug-tailed phospholipid which can form liposomes as a combination of prodrug and drug carrier. An amphiphilic dual chlorambucil-tailed phospholipid (DCTP) was synthesized by a straightforward esterification. With two chlorambucil molecules as hydrophobic tails and one glycerophosphatidylcholine molecule as a hydrophilic head, the DCTP, a phospholipid prodrug, undergoes assembly to form a liposome without any additives by the thin lipid film technique. The DCTP liposomes, as an effective carrier of chlorambucil, exhibited a very high loading capacity and excellent stability. The liposomes had higher cytotoxic effects to cancer cell lines than free DCTP and chlorambucil. The in vivo antitumor activity assessment indicated that the DCTP liposomes could inhibit the tumor growth effectively. This novel strategy of dual drug-tailed phospholipid liposomes may be also applicable to other hydrophobic anticancer drugs which have great potential in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096 (P.R. China)
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20
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Mauro N, Campora S, Scialabba C, Adamo G, Licciardi M, Ghersi G, Giammona G. Self-organized environment-sensitive inulin–doxorubicin conjugate with a selective cytotoxic effect towards cancer cells. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00287g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An inulin-based copolymer bearing high dose doxorubicin (18.45 % w/w), INU-EDA-P,C-DOXO, was prepared by coupling doxorubicin with inulin though citraconylamide bridge used as pH sensitive spacer. Its smart and selective anticancer effect was proved.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Mauro
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers
- Department of “Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche
- Chimiche e Farmaceutiche” (STEBICEF)
- University of Palermo
- 32 90123 Palermo
| | - S. Campora
- Department of “Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche” (STEBICEF)
- University of Palermo
- 16 90128 Palermo
- Italy
| | - C. Scialabba
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers
- Department of “Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche
- Chimiche e Farmaceutiche” (STEBICEF)
- University of Palermo
- 32 90123 Palermo
| | - G. Adamo
- Department of “Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche” (STEBICEF)
- University of Palermo
- 16 90128 Palermo
- Italy
| | - M. Licciardi
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers
- Department of “Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche
- Chimiche e Farmaceutiche” (STEBICEF)
- University of Palermo
- 32 90123 Palermo
| | - G. Ghersi
- Department of “Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche” (STEBICEF)
- University of Palermo
- 16 90128 Palermo
- Italy
| | - G. Giammona
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers
- Department of “Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche
- Chimiche e Farmaceutiche” (STEBICEF)
- University of Palermo
- 32 90123 Palermo
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21
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Wang C, Dong L. Exploring 'new' bioactivities of polymers at the nano-bio interface. Trends Biotechnol 2014; 33:10-4. [PMID: 25441258 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A biological system is essentially an elegant assembly of polymeric nanostructures. The polymers in the body, biomacromolecules, are both building blocks and versatile messengers. We propose that non-biologically derived polymers can be potential therapeutic candidates with unique advantages. Emerging findings about polycations, polysaccharides, immobilised multivalent ligands, and biomolecular coronas provide evidence that polymers are activated at the nano-bio interface, while emphasising the current theoretical and practical challenges. Our increasing understanding of the nano-bio interface and evolving approaches to establish the therapeutic potential of polymers enable the development of polymer drugs with high specificities for broad applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Lei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093 China.
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22
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Liu R, Chen X, Gellman SH, Masters KS. Nylon-3 polymers that enable selective culture of endothelial cells. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 135:16296-9. [PMID: 24156536 DOI: 10.1021/ja408634a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Substrates that selectively encourage the growth of specific cell types are valuable for the engineering of complex tissues. Some cell-selective peptides have been identified from extracellular matrix proteins; these peptides have proven useful for biomaterials-based approaches to tissue repair or regeneration. However, there are very few examples of synthetic materials that display selectivity in supporting cell growth. We describe nylon-3 polymers that support in vitro culture of endothelial cells but do not support the culture of smooth muscle cells or fibroblasts. These materials may be promising for vascular biomaterials applications.
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23
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de la Torre C, Mondragón L, Coll C, Sancenón F, Marcos MD, Martínez-Máñez R, Amorós P, Pérez-Payá E, Orzáez M. Cathepsin-B Induced Controlled Release from Peptide-Capped Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. Chemistry 2014; 20:15309-14. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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24
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Huang P, Wang D, Su Y, Huang W, Zhou Y, Cui D, Zhu X, Yan D. Combination of Small Molecule Prodrug and Nanodrug Delivery: Amphiphilic Drug–Drug Conjugate for Cancer Therapy. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:11748-56. [DOI: 10.1021/ja505212y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 555] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Huang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory
of Metal Matrix Composites, and ‡Department of Bio-Nano Science and Engineering,
Institute of Micro/Nano Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Dali Wang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory
of Metal Matrix Composites, and ‡Department of Bio-Nano Science and Engineering,
Institute of Micro/Nano Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yue Su
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory
of Metal Matrix Composites, and ‡Department of Bio-Nano Science and Engineering,
Institute of Micro/Nano Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory
of Metal Matrix Composites, and ‡Department of Bio-Nano Science and Engineering,
Institute of Micro/Nano Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yongfeng Zhou
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory
of Metal Matrix Composites, and ‡Department of Bio-Nano Science and Engineering,
Institute of Micro/Nano Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory
of Metal Matrix Composites, and ‡Department of Bio-Nano Science and Engineering,
Institute of Micro/Nano Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory
of Metal Matrix Composites, and ‡Department of Bio-Nano Science and Engineering,
Institute of Micro/Nano Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Deyue Yan
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory
of Metal Matrix Composites, and ‡Department of Bio-Nano Science and Engineering,
Institute of Micro/Nano Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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25
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Ding H, Portilla-Arias J, Patil R, Black KL, Ljubimova JY, Holler E. Distinct mechanisms of membrane permeation induced by two polymalic acid copolymers. Biomaterials 2013; 34:217-25. [PMID: 23063368 PMCID: PMC3487713 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Anionic polymers are valuable components used in cosmetics and health sciences, especially in drug delivery, because of their chemical versatility and low toxicity. However, because of their highly negative charge they pose problems for penetration through hydrophobic barriers such as membranes. We have engineered anionic polymalic acid (PMLA) to penetrate biological membranes. PMLA copolymers of leucine ethyl ester (P/LOEt) or trileucine (P/LLL) show either pH-independent or pH-dependent activity for membrane penetration. We report here for the first time on the mechanisms which are different for those two copolymers. Formation of hydrophobic patches in either copolymer is detected by fluorescence techniques. The copolymers display distinctly different properties in solution and during membranolysis. P/LOEt copolymer binds to membrane as single molecules with high affinity, and induces leakage cooperatively through a mechanism known as "carpet" model, in which the polymer aligns at the surface throughout the entire process of membrane permeation. In contrast, P/LLL self-assembles to form an oligomer of 105 nm in a pH-dependent manner (pKa 5.5) and induces membrane leakage through a two-phase process: the concentration dependent first-phase of insertion of the oligomer into membrane followed by a concentration independent second-phase of rearrangement of the membrane-oligomer complex. The insertion of P/LLL is facilitated by hydrophobic interactions between trileucine side chains and lipids in the membrane core, resulting in transmembrane pores, through mechanism known as "barrel-stave" model. The understanding of the mechanism paves the way for future engineering of polymeric delivery systems with optimal cytoplasmic delivery efficiency and reduced systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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26
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Zhong YJ, Shao LH, Li Y. Cathepsin B-cleavable doxorubicin prodrugs for targeted cancer therapy (Review). Int J Oncol 2012; 42:373-83. [PMID: 23291656 PMCID: PMC3583876 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most effective cytotoxic anticancer drugs used for the treatment of hematological malignancies, as well as a broad range of solid tumors. However, the clinical applications of this drug have long been limited due to its severe dose-dependent toxicities. Therefore, DOX derivatives and analogs have been developed to address this issue. A type of DOX prodrug, cleaved by cathepsin B (Cat B), which is highly upregulated in malignant tumors and premalignant lesions, has been developed to achieve a higher DOX concentration in tumor tissue and a lower concentration in normal tissue, so as to enhance the efficacy and reduce toxicity to normal cells. In this review, we focused on Cat B-cleavable DOX prodrugs and discussed the efficacy of these prodrugs, demonstrated by preclinical and clinical developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jun Zhong
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
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27
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Zhou D, Xiao H, Meng F, Zhou S, Guo J, Li X, Jing X, Huang Y. Layer-by-layer assembled polypeptide capsules for platinum-based pro-drug delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:2335-43. [PMID: 23176570 DOI: 10.1021/bc300144e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Platinum(IV), a pro-drug of platinum(II), was conjugated to poly(l-lysine) (PLL), and then assembled with poly(glutamic acid) (PGA) through a layer-by-layer (LbL) approach on colloidal silica templates. After removal of the templates, biodegradable PGA/PLL-Pt(IV) multilayer capsules (diameter = 0.5 μm) with 10 μg of platinum incorporated into each bilayer were obtained. Under acidic and/or reductive conditions, the amount and rate of platinum released from the capsules were increased, which are desirable traits for platinum-based anticancer drug delivery systems. Furthermore, in vitro evaluation showed that the PGA/PLL-Pt(IV) multilayer microcapsules displayed higher cytotoxicity (IC(50Pt) = 3.5 μg/mL) against colon cancer cells CT-26 than that of free cisplatin (IC(50Pt) = 8.6 μg/mL). This enhanced cytotoxicity was attributed to the effective internalization of the capsules by the cancer cells, which was observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Str. 5625, Changchun 130022, PR China
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28
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Laura Gome D, Luzia Fran E, de Castro C, Cristina H A. Immunomodulatory Effects of Poly (Ethylene Glycol) Microspheres Adsorbed
with Cortisol on Activity of Colostrum Phagocytes. INT J PHARMACOL 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2012.510.518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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29
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Gody G, Rossner C, Moraes J, Vana P, Maschmeyer T, Perrier S. One-pot RAFT/"click" chemistry via isocyanates: efficient synthesis of α-end-functionalized polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:12596-603. [PMID: 22731785 DOI: 10.1021/ja3030643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A new methodology has been developed for preparing α-functional polymers in a one-pot simultaneous polymerization/isocyanate "click" reaction. Our original synthetic strategy is based on the preparation of a carbonyl-azide chain transfer agent (CTA) precursor that undergoes the Curtius rearrangement in situ during reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization yielding well-controlled α-isocyanate modified polymers. This strategy overcomes numerous difficulties associated with the synthesis of a polymerization mediator bearing an isocyanate at the R group and with the handling of such a reactive functionality. This new carbonyl-azide CTA can control the polymerization of a wide range of monomers, including (meth)acrylates, acrylamides, and styrenes (M(n) = 2-30 kDa; Đ = 1.16-1.38). We also show that this carbonyl-azide CTA can be used as a universal platform for the synthesis of α-end-functionalized polymers in a one-pot RAFT polymerization/isocyanate "click" procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Gody
- Key Centre for Polymers & Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Sydney, Australia
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30
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Ivarsson ME, Leroux JC, Castagner B. Targeting bacterial toxins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:4024-45. [PMID: 22441768 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201104384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein toxins constitute the main virulence factors of several species of bacteria and have proven to be attractive targets for drug development. Lead candidates that target bacterial toxins range from small molecules to polymeric binders, and act at each of the multiple steps in the process of toxin-mediated pathogenicity. Despite recent and significant advances in the field, a rationally designed drug that targets toxins has yet to reach the market. This Review presents the state of the art in bacterial toxin targeted drug development with a critical consideration of achieved breakthroughs and withstanding challenges. The discussion focuses on A-B-type protein toxins secreted by four species of bacteria, namely Clostridium difficile (toxins A and B), Vibrio cholerae (cholera toxin), enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (Shiga toxin), and Bacillus anthracis (anthrax toxin), which are the causative agents of diseases for which treatments need to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias E Ivarsson
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, Zurich, Switzerland
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31
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32
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Jones MW, Strickland RA, Schumacher FF, Caddick S, Baker JR, Gibson MI, Haddleton DM. Polymeric Dibromomaleimides As Extremely Efficient Disulfide Bridging Bioconjugation and Pegylation Agents. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:1847-52. [DOI: 10.1021/ja210335f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathew W. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | | | | | - Stephen Caddick
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - James. R. Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
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33
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Jung B, Theato P. Chemical Strategies for the Synthesis of Protein–Polymer Conjugates. BIO-SYNTHETIC POLYMER CONJUGATES 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2012_169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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34
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Bao C, Jin M, Li B, Xu Y, Jin J, Zhu L. Long conjugated 2-nitrobenzyl derivative caged anticancer prodrugs with visible light regulated release: preparation and functionalizations. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:5238-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25701g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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35
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Zhang J, Markiewicz MJ, Mowery BP, Weisblum B, Stahl SS, Gellman SH. C-terminal functionalization of nylon-3 polymers: effects of C-terminal groups on antibacterial and hemolytic activities. Biomacromolecules 2011; 13:323-31. [PMID: 22168316 DOI: 10.1021/bm2013058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Nylon-3 polymers contain β-amino-acid-derived subunits and can be viewed as higher homologues of poly(α-amino acids). This structural relationship raises the possibility that nylon-3 polymers offer a platform for development of new materials with a variety of biological activities, a prospect that has recently begun to receive experimental support. Nylon-3 homo- and copolymers can be prepared via anionic ring-opening polymerization of β-lactams, and use of an N-acyl-β-lactam as coinitiator in the polymerization reaction allows placement of a specific functional group, borne by the N-acyl-β-lactam, at the N-terminus of each polymer chain. Controlling the unit at the C-termini of nylon-3 polymer chains, however, has been problematic. Here we describe a strategy for specifying C-terminal functionality that is based on the polymerization mechanism. After the anionic ring-opening polymerization is complete, we introduce a new β-lactam, approximately 1 equiv relative to the expected number of polymer chains. Because the polymer chains bear a reactive imide group at their C-termini, this new β-lactam should become attached at this position. If the terminating β-lactam bears a distinctive functional group, that functionality should be affixed to most or all C-termini in the reaction mixture. We use the new technique to compare the impact of N- and C-terminal placement of a critical hydrophobic fragment on the biological activity profile of nylon-3 copolymers. The synthetic advance described here should prove to be generally useful for tailoring the properties of nylon-3 materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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36
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Chen X, Pradhan T, Wang F, Kim JS, Yoon J. Fluorescent Chemosensors Based on Spiroring-Opening of Xanthenes and Related Derivatives. Chem Rev 2011; 112:1910-56. [DOI: 10.1021/cr200201z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1608] [Impact Index Per Article: 123.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Chen
- Departments of Chemistry and Nano Science and of Bioinspired Science (WCU), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tuhin Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Fang Wang
- Departments of Chemistry and Nano Science and of Bioinspired Science (WCU), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Departments of Chemistry and Nano Science and of Bioinspired Science (WCU), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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Schultz KM, Bayles AV, Baldwin AD, Kiick KL, Furst EM. Rapid, high resolution screening of biomaterial hydrogelators by μ2rheology. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:4178-82. [PMID: 22023267 DOI: 10.1021/bm201214r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A combination of sample manipulation and rheological characterization at the microscale is used to identify the gelation of poly(ethylene glycol)-heparin hydrogels over a wide range of compositions. A microfluidic device produces 50-100 droplet samples, each with a different composition. Multiple particle tracking microrheology is used to measure the rheological state of each sample. This combination requires little material and enables efficient and rapid screening of gelation conditions. The high resolution data identifies the gelation reaction percolation boundaries and a lower limit of the total hydrogelator concentration for gelation to occur, which can be used for the subsequent engineering, testing, and processing of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Schultz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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Synthesis and Properties of Novel Thermoresponsive Polyesters with Oligo(ethylene glycol) Pendent Chains. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201100472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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39
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New pharmaceutical applications for macromolecular binders. J Control Release 2011; 155:200-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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40
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Liu S, Kiick K. Architecture effects on L-selectin shedding induced by polypeptide-based multivalent ligands. Polym Chem 2011; 2:1513-1522. [PMID: 23926449 DOI: 10.1039/c1py00063b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multivalent interactions between selectins and their ligands play key roles in mediating the rolling and tethering of leukocytes in the early steps of the inflammatory response, as well as in lymphocyte circulation. L-selectin shedding, which is the proteolytic cleavage of L-selectin, can be induced by L-selectin clustering through the binding of multivalent ligands to multiple L-selectin molecules, and it has been shown to regulate leukocyte rolling and subsequent integrin activation for firm adhesion. In this paper, we report the production of homogenous glycopolypeptides modified with a 3,6-disulfo-galactopyranoside equipped with a caproyl linker. The saccharide residue was chemically attached to various polypeptide backbones of differing architectures; the composition and purity of the sulfated glycopolypeptides was confirmed via1H-NMR spectroscopy, amino acid analysis (AAA), and electrophoretic analysis. The retention of the conformation of the polypeptide backbone was confirmed via circular dichroic spectroscopy. The shedding of l-selectin from the surface of Jurkat cells induced by these sulfated glycopolypeptides, determined via ELISA-based methods, varied based on differences in the architectures of the polypeptide scaffolds, suggesting opportunities for these strategies in probing cell-surface receptor arrays and directing cell signaling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, Delaware, 19716, USA.
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41
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Wang Y, Yan Y, Cui J, Hosta-Rigau L, Heath JK, Nice EC, Caruso F. Encapsulation of water-insoluble drugs in polymer capsules prepared using mesoporous silica templates for intracellular drug delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:4293-7. [PMID: 20564713 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201001497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Wang
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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42
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Liang L, Pinier M, Leroux JC, Subirade M. Interaction of alpha-gliadin with polyanions: design considerations for sequestrants used in supportive treatment of celiac disease. Biopolymers 2010; 93:418-28. [PMID: 19921745 DOI: 10.1002/bip.21352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Copolymers of sodium 4-styrene sulfonate (SS) and hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) were investigated as sequestrants of alpha-gliadin, a gluten protein, for the treatment of gluten intolerance. The interactions of alpha-gliadin with poly(SS) and poly(HEMA-co-SS) with 9 and 26 mol% SS content were studied at gastric (1.2) and intestinal (6.8) pH using circular dichroism and measurements of turbidity, dynamic light scattering and zeta potential. The interactions and their influence on alpha-gliadin secondary and aggregated structures depended mainly on the ratio of polymer negative and protein positive charges at pH 1.2, and on polymer SS content at polymer concentrations providing in excess of negative charges at either pH. Poly(SS) could not form complex particles with alpha-gliadin in a sufficient excess of negative charges. Copolymerization with HEMA enhanced the formation of complex particles. Poly(HEMA-co-SS) with intermediate SS content was found to be the most effective sequestrant for alpha-gliadin. This study provides insight into design considerations for polymer sequestrants used in the supportive treatment of celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liang
- Institut de Recherche sur les Nutraceutiques et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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43
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Chatterjee D, Cherayil BJ. A model of anomalous enzyme-catalyzed gel degradation kinetics. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:5190-5. [PMID: 20345155 DOI: 10.1021/jp100212r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We show that a model of target location involving n noninteracting particles moving subdiffusively along a line segment (a generalization of a model introduced by Sokolov et al. [Biophys. J. 2005, 89, 895.]) provides a basis for understanding recent experiments by Pelta et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 2007, 98, 228302.] on the kinetics of diffusion-limited gel degradation. These experiments find that the time t(c) taken by the enzyme thermolysin to completely hydrolyze a gel varies inversely as roughly the 3/2 power of the initial enzyme concentration [E]. In general, however, this time would be expected to vary either as [E](-1) or as [E](-2), depending on whether the brownian diffusion of the enzyme to the site of cleavage took place along the network chains (1-d diffusion) or through the pore spaces (3-d diffusion). In our model, the unusual dependence of t(c) on [E] is explained in terms of a reaction-diffusion equation that is formulated in terms of fractional rather than ordinary time derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarati Chatterjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
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Kim J, Yoon MY. Recent advances in rapid and ultrasensitive biosensors for infectious agents: lesson from Bacillus anthracis diagnostic sensors. Analyst 2010; 135:1182-90. [PMID: 20498871 DOI: 10.1039/c0an00030b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, we review the cumulative efforts to develop rapid and ultrasensitive diagnostic systems, especially for the infectious agent, Bacillus anthracis, as a model system. This Minireview focuses on demonstrating the features of various probes for target molecule detection and recent methods of signal generation within the biosensors. Also, we discuss the possibility of using peptides as next-generation probe molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joungmok Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
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45
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Ochs CJ, Such GK, Yan Y, van Koeverden MP, Caruso F. Biodegradable click capsules with engineered drug-loaded multilayers. ACS NANO 2010; 4:1653-63. [PMID: 20201548 DOI: 10.1021/nn9014278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We report the modular assembly of a polymer-drug conjugate into covalently stabilized, responsive, biodegradable, and drug-loaded capsules with control over drug dose and position in the multilayer film. The cancer therapeutic, doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX), was conjugated to alkyne-functionalized poly(l-glutamic acid) (PGA(Alk)) via amide bond formation. PGA(Alk) and PGA(Alk+DOX) were assembled via hydrogen bonding with poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVPON) on planar and colloidal silica templates. The films were subsequently covalently stabilized using diazide cross-linkers, and PVPON was released from the multilayers by altering the solution pH to disrupt hydrogen bonding. After removal of the sacrificial template, single-component PGA(Alk) capsules were obtained and analyzed by optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The PGA(Alk) capsules were stable in the pH range between 2 and 11 and exhibited reversible swelling/shrinking behavior. PGA(Alk+DOX) was assembled to form drug-loaded polymer capsules with control over drug dose and position in the multilayer system (e.g., DOX in every layer or exclusively in layer 3). The drug-loaded capsules could be degraded enzymatically, resulting in the sustained release of active DOX over approximately 2 h. Cellular uptake studies demonstrate that the viability of cells incubated with DOX-loaded PGA(Alk) capsules significantly decreased. The general applicability of this modular approach, in terms of incorporation of polymer-drug conjugates in other click multilayer systems, was also demonstrated. Biodegradable click capsules with drug-loaded multilayers are promising candidates as carrier systems for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Ochs
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Abstract
Os polímeros representam uma das classes de materiais mais versáteis disponíveis para aplicações em diversas áreas, inclusive a farmacêutica. Polímeros naturais, naturais modificados e sintéticos são empregados como excipientes farmacêuticos para a formulação de cosméticos e medicamentos de liberação convencional e de liberação modificada. Nos dias atuais, polímeros são desenvolvidos para atuarem como moduladores e direcionadores da liberação de fármacos em sítios específicos no organismo. Polímeros biodegradáveis, bioadesivos, biomiméticos e hidrogéis responsivos têm sido amplamente incluídos em formulações farmacêuticas. Os avanços na idealização de novos Sistemas de Liberação de Fármacos somente são e serão permitidos a partir do desenvolvimento de polímeros projetados especificamente para a área farmacêutica. Neste sentido, o presente artigo visa a revisar e apresentar informações sobre o uso de polímeros em aplicações farmacêuticas que poderão ser úteis no planejamento de novos sistemas com desempenhos superiores.
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Orski SV, Fries KH, Sheppard GR, Locklin J. High density scaffolding of functional polymer brushes: surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of active esters. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:2136-2143. [PMID: 20099926 DOI: 10.1021/la902553f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this Article, we describe a method for the polymerization of active esters based on N-hydroxysuccinimide 4-vinyl benzoate (NHS4VB) using surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). Poly(NHS4VB) brushes have high grafting density and a uniform and smooth morphology, and film thickness increases linearly with reaction time. Block copolymer brushes with 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, and styrene were synthesized from surface bound poly(NHS4VB) macroinitiators. The active ester brushes show rapid and quantitative conversion under aminolysis conditions with primary amines, which was studied using grazing incidence attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (GATR-FTIR) and UV-vis spectroscopy. UV-vis was also used to quantify the amount of reactive groups in polymer brush layers of differing thickness. Functionalization of the active ester pendant groups with chromophores containing primary amines showed a linear correlation between the amount of chromophore incorporated into the brush layer and brush thickness. Grafting densities as high as 25.7 nmol/cm(2) were observed for a 50 nm brush. Block copolymer brushes with buried active ester functional moieties also undergo quantitative conversion with primary amines as confirmed by GATR-FTIR. We discuss the potential of activated ester brushes as universal scaffolds for sensor and microarray surfaces, where the twofold control of functionalizable active ester polymer and block copolymers provides well-ordered, tunable microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara V Orski
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, and the Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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48
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Polymer therapeutics move into the sepsis space*. Crit Care Med 2010; 38:730-1. [DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e3181c8958b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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49
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Maheshwari R, Levenson EA, Kiick KL. Manipulation of electrostatic and saccharide linker interactions in the design of efficient glycopolypeptide-based cholera toxin inhibitors. Macromol Biosci 2010; 10:68-81. [PMID: 19780061 PMCID: PMC2893567 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200900182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Multivalent, glycopolymer inhibitors designed for the treatment of disease and pathogen infection have shown improvements in binding correlated with general changes in glycopolymer architecture and composition. We have previously demonstrated that control of glycopolypeptide backbone extension and ligand spacing significantly impacts the inhibition of the cholera toxin B subunit pentamer (CT B(5)) by these polymers. In the studies reported here, we elucidate the role of backbone charge and linker length in modulating the inhibition event. Peptides of the sequence AXPXG (where X is a positive, neutral or negative amino acid), equipped with the alkyne functionality of propargyl glycine, were designed and synthesized via solid-phase peptide synthetic methods and glycosylated via Cu(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition reactions. The capacity of the glycopeptides to inhibit the binding of the B(5) subunit of cholera toxin was evaluated. These studies indicated that glycopeptides with a negatively charged backbone show improved inhibition of the binding event relative to the other glycopeptides. In addition, variations in the length of the linker between the peptide and the saccharide ligand also affected the inhibition of CT by the glycopeptides. Our findings suggest that, apart from appropriate saccharide spacing and polypeptide chain extension, saccharide linker conformation and the systematic placement of charges on the polypeptide backbone are also significant variables that can be tuned to improve the inhibitory potencies of glycopolypeptide-based multivalent inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronak Maheshwari
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, Delaware 19716 USA Fax: +1 (302) 831-4545
| | - Eric A. Levenson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716 USA
| | - Kristi L. Kiick
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, Delaware 19716 USA Fax: +1 (302) 831-4545. Delaware Biotechnology Institute, 15 Innovation Way, Newark, Delaware 19711 USA
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50
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Hourani R, Kakkar A. Advances in the Elegance of Chemistry in Designing Dendrimers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2010; 31:947-74. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200900712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Revised: 11/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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