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Jin H, Wei T, Huang B. Incognizant 1T/1H Charge-Density-Wave Phases in Monolayer NbTe 2. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:10892-10898. [PMID: 39167086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c02621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
While experimental realization of multiple charge-density waves (CDWs) has been ascribed to monolayer 1T-NbTe2, their atomic structures are still largely unclear, preventing a deep understanding of their novel electronic structures. Here, comparing first-principles-calculated orbital textures with reported STM measurements, we successfully identify multiple CDWs in monolayer NbTe2. Surprisingly, we reveal that both 1T/1H phases could exist in monolayer NbTe2, which was incognizant before. Particularly, we find that the experimentally observed 4 × 1 and 4 × 4 CDWs could be attributed to 1H stacking, while the observed 19 × 19 phase could possess 1T stacking. The existence of 1T/1H phases results in competition between CDW, spin-density wave (SDW), and ferromagnetism in 1H stacking under an external field and results in CDW-induced quantum phase transitions from a Kramers-Weyl fermion to a topological insulator in 1T stacking. Our study suggests NbTe2 as an exotic platform to investigate the interplay between CDW, SDW, and topological phases, which are largely unexplored in current experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Jin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tan Wei
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bing Huang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
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2
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Suzuki T, Zhong Y, Liu K, Kanai T, Itatani J, Okazaki K. Time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with wavelength-tunable pump and extreme ultraviolet probe enabled by twin synchronized amplifiers. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:073001. [PMID: 38953720 DOI: 10.1063/5.0204133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
We describe a setup for time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with wavelength-tunable excitation and an extreme ultraviolet probe. It is enabled by using the 10 kHz twin Ti:sapphire amplifiers seeded by the common Ti:sapphire oscillator. The typical probe energy is 21.7 eV, and the wavelength of the pump excitation is tuned between 2400 and 1200 nm by using the optical parametric amplifier. The spectral width of the extreme ultraviolet probe is 53 meV, and the time resolution is dependent on the wavelength for the pump, better than 60 fs for the pump energy >0.7 eV. This system enables the pump energy to be matched with a specific interband transition and to probe a wider energy-momentum space. We present the results for the prototypical materials of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite and Bi2Se3 to show the performance of our system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Suzuki
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Yigui Zhong
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Kecheng Liu
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Teruto Kanai
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Jiro Itatani
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Kozo Okazaki
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
- Material Innovation Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
- Trans-Scale Quantum Science Institute, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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3
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Kalimuddin S, Chatterjee S, Bera A, Afzal H, Bera S, Roy DS, Das S, Debnath T, Bansal B, Mondal M. Exceptionally Slow, Long-Range, and Non-Gaussian Critical Fluctuations Dominate the Charge Density Wave Transition. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:266504. [PMID: 38996319 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.266504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
(TaSe_{4})_{2}I is a well-studied quasi-one-dimensional compound long-known to have a charge-density wave (CDW) transition around 263 K. We argue that the critical fluctuations of the pinned CDW order parameter near the transition can be inferred from the resistance noise on account of their coupling to the dissipative normal carriers. Remarkably, the critical fluctuations of the CDW order parameter are slow enough to survive the thermodynamic limit and dominate the low-frequency resistance noise. The noise variance and relaxation time show rapid growth (critical opalescence and critical slowing down) within a temperature window of ϵ≈±0.1, where ϵ is the reduced temperature. This is very wide but consistent with the Ginzburg criterion. We further show that this resistance noise can be quantitatively used to extract the associated critical exponents. Below |ϵ|≲0.02, we observe a crossover from mean-field to a fluctuation-dominated regime with the critical exponents taking anomalously low values. The distribution of fluctuations in the critical transition region is skewed and strongly non-Gaussian. This non-Gaussianity is interpreted as the breakdown of the validity of the central limit theorem as the diverging coherence volume becomes comparable to the macroscopic sample size. The large magnitude critical fluctuations observed over an extended temperature range, as well as the crossover from the mean-field to the fluctuation-dominated regime highlight the role of the quasi-one-dimensional character in controlling the phase transition.
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4
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Xiao K, Dong WH, Wang X, Yu J, Fu D, Hu Z, Guo Y, Zhang Q, Hou X, Guo Y, Yang L, Xu Y, Tang P, Duan W, Xue Q, Li W. Hidden Charge Order and Multiple Electronic Instabilities in EuTe 4. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:7681-7687. [PMID: 38874562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The rare-earth telluride compound EuTe4 exhibits a charge density wave (CDW) and an unconventional thermal hysteresis transition. Herein, we report a comprehensive study of the CDW states in EuTe4 by using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. Two types of charge orders are observed at 4 K, including a newly discovered spindle-shaped pattern and a typical stripe-like pattern. As an exotic charge order, the spindle-shaped CDW is off-axis and barely visible at 77 K, indicating that it is a hidden order developed at low temperature. Based on our first-principles calculations, we reveal the origins of the observed electronic instabilities. The spindle-shaped charge order stems from a subsequent transition based on the stripe-like CDW phase. Our work demonstrates that the competition and cooperation between multiple charge orders can generate exotic quantum phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kebin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wen-Han Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xintong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiawei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Daran Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yunkai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qinqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaofei Hou
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yanfeng Guo
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Lexian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Peizhe Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wenhui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qikun Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
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5
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Gallo-Frantz A, Jacques VLR, Sinchenko AA, Ghoneim D, Ortega L, Godard P, Renault PO, Hadj-Azzem A, Lorenzo JE, Monceau P, Thiaudière D, Grigoriev PD, Bellec E, Le Bolloc'h D. Charge density waves tuned by biaxial tensile stress. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3667. [PMID: 38693169 PMCID: PMC11063040 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47626-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The precise arrangement and nature of atoms drive electronic phase transitions in condensed matter. To explore this tenuous link, we developed a true biaxial mechanical deformation device working at cryogenic temperatures, compatible with x-ray diffraction and transport measurements, well adapted to layered samples. Here we show that a slight deformation of TbTe3 can have a dramatic influence on its Charge Density Wave (CDW), with an orientational transition from c to a driven by the a/c parameter, a tiny coexistence region near a = c, and without space group change. The CDW transition temperature Tc displays a linear dependence witha / c - 1 while the gap saturates out of the coexistence region. This behaviour is well accounted for within a tight-binding model. Our results question the relationship between gap and Tc in RTe3 systems. This method opens a new route towards the study of coexisting or competing electronic orders in condensed matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gallo-Frantz
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - V L R Jacques
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France.
| | - A A Sinchenko
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - D Ghoneim
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - L Ortega
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - P Godard
- Institut Pprime, CNRS-Université de Poitiers-ENSMA, 86962, Futuroscope-Chasseneuil Cedex, France
| | - P-O Renault
- Institut Pprime, CNRS-Université de Poitiers-ENSMA, 86962, Futuroscope-Chasseneuil Cedex, France
| | - A Hadj-Azzem
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - J E Lorenzo
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - P Monceau
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - D Thiaudière
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, 91190, Saint-Aubin, France
| | - P D Grigoriev
- L. D. Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432, Russia
- National University of Science and Technology 'MISiS', 119049, Moscow, Russia
| | - E Bellec
- CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRS, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - D Le Bolloc'h
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
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6
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Nhat Quyen N, Tzeng WY, Hsu CE, Lin IA, Chen WH, Jia HH, Wang SC, Liu CE, Chen YS, Chen WL, Chou TL, Wang IT, Kuo CN, Lin CL, Wu CT, Lin PH, Weng SC, Cheng CM, Kuo CY, Tu CM, Chu MW, Chang YM, Lue CS, Hsueh HC, Luo CW. Three-dimensional ultrafast charge-density-wave dynamics in CuTe. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2386. [PMID: 38493205 PMCID: PMC10944522 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46615-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Charge density waves (CDWs) involved with electronic and phononic subsystems simultaneously are a common quantum state in solid-state physics, especially in low-dimensional materials. However, CDW phase dynamics in various dimensions are yet to be studied, and their phase transition mechanism is currently moot. Here we show that using the distinct temperature evolution of orientation-dependent ultrafast electron and phonon dynamics, different dimensional CDW phases are verified in CuTe. When the temperature decreases, the shrinking of c-axis length accompanied with the appearance of interchain and interlayer interactions causes the quantum fluctuations (QF) of the CDW phase until 220 K. At T < 220 K, the CDWs on the different ab-planes are finally locked with each other in anti-phase to form a CDW phase along the c-axis. This study shows the dimension evolution of CDW phases in one CDW system and their stabilized mechanisms in different temperature regimes.
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Grants
- 112-2119-M-A49-012-MBK Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan)
- 109-2112-M-009-020-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan)
- 109-2124-M-009-003-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan)
- 109-2119-M-002 -026 -MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan)
- 108-2112-M-002-013-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan)
- 111-2124-M-213-001 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan)
- 108-2112-M-002 -013 -MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan)
- 109-2119-M-002 -026 -MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan)
- 112-2124-M-006-009 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan)
- 110-2112-M-032-014-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan)
- Ministry of Education (Ministry of Education, Republic of China (Taiwan))
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Nhat Quyen
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yen Tzeng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Formosa University, Yunlin, 632, Taiwan
| | - Chih-En Hsu
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, 251301, Taiwan
| | - I-An Lin
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, 251301, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Hsin Chen
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Hsiang Jia
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chiao Wang
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-En Liu
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Lei Chou
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - I-Ta Wang
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Nung Kuo
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Liang Lin
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Te Wu
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
- Physics Division, National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hui Lin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chang Weng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Maw Cheng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yang Kuo
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ming Tu
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
- Undergraduate Degree Program of Systems Engineering and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
- Chung Cheng Institute of Technology, National Defense University, Taoyuan, 335009, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wen Chu
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials (AI-MAT), National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ming Chang
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials (AI-MAT), National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chin Shan Lue
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
- Taiwan Consortium of Emergent Crystalline Materials (TCECM), National Science and Technology Council, Taipei, 10601, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Chung Hsueh
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, 251301, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Wei Luo
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan.
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan.
- Taiwan Consortium of Emergent Crystalline Materials (TCECM), National Science and Technology Council, Taipei, 10601, Taiwan.
- Institute of Physics and Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan.
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA.
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7
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Hellbrück L, Puppin M, Guo F, Hickstein DD, Benhabib S, Grioni M, Dil JH, LaGrange T, Rønnow HM, Carbone F. High-resolution MHz time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy based on a tunable vacuum ultraviolet source. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:033007. [PMID: 38517259 DOI: 10.1063/5.0179549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (trARPES) allows for direct mapping of the electronic band structure and its dynamic response on femtosecond timescales. Here, we present a new ARPES system, powered by a new fiber-based femtosecond light source in the vacuum ultraviolet range, accessing the complete first Brillouin zone for most materials. We present trARPES data on Au(111), polycrystalline Au, Bi2Se3, and TaTe2, demonstrating an energy resolution of 21 meV with a time resolution of <360 fs, at a high repetition rate of 1 MHz. The system is integrated with an extreme ultraviolet high harmonic generation beamline, enabling an excellent tunability of the time-bandwidth resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Hellbrück
- Institute of Physics, Laboratory for Ultrafast Microscopy and Electron Scattering (LUMES), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics, Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism (LQM), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michele Puppin
- Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fei Guo
- Institute of Physics, Spin Orbit Interaction Spectroscopy (SOIS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel D Hickstein
- Kapteyn-Murnane Laboratories, 4775 Walnut Street Suite 102, Boulder, Colorado 80301, USA
- Octave Photonics, 325 W South Boulder Rd. Suite B1, Louisville, Colorado 80027, USA
| | - Siham Benhabib
- Institute of Physics, Laboratory for Ultrafast Microscopy and Electron Scattering (LUMES), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Phénomènes Ultrarapides Lumière-Solides (PULS), Université Paris-Saclay, FR-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marco Grioni
- Laboratory of Electron Spectroscopy (LSE), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Hugo Dil
- Institute of Physics, Spin Orbit Interaction Spectroscopy (SOIS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas LaGrange
- Institute of Physics, Laboratory for Ultrafast Microscopy and Electron Scattering (LUMES), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Henrik M Rønnow
- Institute of Physics, Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism (LQM), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Carbone
- Institute of Physics, Laboratory for Ultrafast Microscopy and Electron Scattering (LUMES), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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8
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Shokeen V, Heber M, Kutnyakhov D, Wang X, Yaroslavtsev A, Maldonado P, Berritta M, Wind N, Wenthaus L, Pressacco F, Min CH, Nissen M, Mahatha SK, Dziarzhytski S, Oppeneer PM, Rossnagel K, Elmers HJ, Schönhense G, Dürr HA. Real-time observation of non-equilibrium phonon-electron energy and angular momentum flow in laser-heated nickel. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj2407. [PMID: 38295169 PMCID: PMC10830112 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj2407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Identifying the microscopic nature of non-equilibrium energy transfer mechanisms among electronic, spin, and lattice degrees of freedom is central to understanding ultrafast phenomena such as manipulating magnetism on the femtosecond timescale. Here, we use time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to go beyond the often-used ensemble-averaged view of non-equilibrium dynamics in terms of quasiparticle temperature evolutions. We show for ferromagnetic Ni that the non-equilibrium electron and spin dynamics display pronounced variations with electron momentum, whereas the magnetic exchange interaction remains isotropic. This highlights the influence of lattice-mediated scattering processes and opens a pathway toward unraveling the still elusive microscopic mechanism of spin-lattice angular momentum transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Shokeen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Heber
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Xiaocui Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Pablo Maldonado
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marco Berritta
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nils Wind
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Ruprecht Haensel Laboratory, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Lukas Wenthaus
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Chul-Hee Min
- Ruprecht Haensel Laboratory, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Matz Nissen
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sanjoy K. Mahatha
- Ruprecht Haensel Laboratory, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Peter M. Oppeneer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kai Rossnagel
- Ruprecht Haensel Laboratory, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Elmers
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gerd Schönhense
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hermann A. Dürr
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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9
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Pan M, Liu J, Chen F, Wang J, Yun C, Qian T. Time-resolved ARPES with probe energy of 6.0/7.2 eV and switchable resolution configuration. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:013001. [PMID: 38165821 DOI: 10.1063/5.0177361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
We present a detailed exposition of the design for time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy using a UV probe laser source that combines the nonlinear effects of β-BaB2O4 and KBe2BO3F2 optical crystals. The photon energy of the probe laser can be switched between 6.0 and 7.2 eV, with the flexibility to operate each photon energy setting under two distinct resolution configurations. Under the fully optimized energy resolution configuration, we achieve an energy resolution of 8.5 meV at 6.0 eV and 10 meV at 7.2 eV. Alternatively, switching to the other configuration enhances the temporal resolution, yielding a temporal resolution of 72 fs for 6.0 eV and 185 fs for 7.2 eV. We validated the performance and reliability of our system by applying it to measuring two typical materials: the topological insulator MnBi2Te4 and the excitonic insulator candidate Ta2NiSe5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojun Pan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junde Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Famin Chen
- Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Chenxia Yun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tian Qian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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10
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Lee S, Kim E, Bang J, Park J, Kim C, Wulferding D, Cho D. Melting of Unidirectional Charge Density Waves across Twin Domain Boundaries in GdTe 3. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 38019157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Solids undergoing a transition from order to disorder experience a proliferation of topological defects. The melting process generates transient quantum states. However, their dynamic nature with a femtosecond lifetime hinders exploration with atomic precision. Here, we suggest an alternative approach to the dynamic melting process by focusing on the interface created by competing degenerate quantum states. We use a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) to visualize the unidirectional charge density wave (CDW) and its spatial progression ("static melting") across a twin domain boundary (TDB) in the layered material GdTe3. Combining the STM with a spatial lock-in technique, we reveal that the order parameter amplitude attenuates with the formation of dislocations and thus two different unidirectional CDWs coexist near the TDB, reducing the CDW anisotropy. Notably, we discovered a correlation between this anisotropy and the CDW gap. Our study provides valuable insight into the behavior of topological defects and transient quantum states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghun Lee
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunseo Kim
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Bang
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongho Park
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Changyoung Kim
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dirk Wulferding
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Doohee Cho
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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11
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Neuhaus A, Dreher P, Schütz F, Marchetto H, Franz T, Meyer zu Heringdorf F. Angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy in a low-energy electron microscope. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2023; 10:064304. [PMID: 38162194 PMCID: PMC10757648 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Spectroscopic photoemission microscopy is a well-established method to investigate the electronic structure of surfaces. In modern photoemission microscopes, the electron optics allow imaging of the image plane, momentum plane, or dispersive plane, depending on the lens setting. Furthermore, apertures allow filtering of energy-, real-, and momentum space. Here, we describe how a standard spectroscopic and low-energy electron microscope can be equipped with an additional slit at the entrance of the already present hemispherical analyzer to enable an angle- and energy-resolved photoemission mode with micrometer spatial selectivity. We apply a photogrammetric calibration to correct for image distortions of the projective system behind the analyzer and present spectra recorded on Au(111) as a benchmark. Our approach makes data acquisition in energy-momentum space more efficient, which is a necessity for laser-based pump-probe photoemission microscopy with femtosecond time resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Neuhaus
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Dreher
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Florian Schütz
- ELMITEC Elektronenmikroskopie GmbH, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Helder Marchetto
- ELMITEC Elektronenmikroskopie GmbH, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Torsten Franz
- ELMITEC Elektronenmikroskopie GmbH, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
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12
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Regmi S, Bin Elius I, Sakhya AP, Jeff D, Sprague M, Mondal MI, Jarrett D, Valadez N, Agosto A, Romanova T, Chu JH, Khondaker SI, Ptok A, Kaczorowski D, Neupane M. Observation of momentum-dependent charge density wave gap in a layered antiferromagnet [Formula: see text]. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18618. [PMID: 37903837 PMCID: PMC10616278 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44851-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Charge density wave (CDW) ordering has been an important topic of study for a long time owing to its connection with other exotic phases such as superconductivity and magnetism. The [Formula: see text] (R = rare-earth elements) family of materials provides a fertile ground to study the dynamics of CDW in van der Waals layered materials, and the presence of magnetism in these materials allows to explore the interplay among CDW and long range magnetic ordering. Here, we have carried out a high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) study of a CDW material [Formula: see text], which is antiferromagnetic below [Formula: see text], along with thermodynamic, electrical transport, magnetic, and Raman measurements. Our ARPES data show a two-fold symmetric Fermi surface with both gapped and ungapped regions indicative of the partial nesting. The gap is momentum dependent, maximum along [Formula: see text] and gradually decreases going towards [Formula: see text]. Our study provides a platform to study the dynamics of CDW and its interaction with other physical orders in two- and three-dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabin Regmi
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA
- Present Address: Center for Quantum Actinide Science and Technology, Idaho National laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA
| | - Iftakhar Bin Elius
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA
| | | | - Dylan Jeff
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826 USA
| | - Milo Sprague
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA
| | | | - Damani Jarrett
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA
| | - Nathan Valadez
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA
| | - Alexis Agosto
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA
| | - Tetiana Romanova
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, 50-422 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jiun-Haw Chu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Saiful I. Khondaker
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826 USA
| | - Andrzej Ptok
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, W. E. Radzikowskiego 152, 31342 Kraków, Poland
| | - Dariusz Kaczorowski
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, 50-422 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Madhab Neupane
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA
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13
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Azoury D, von Hoegen A, Su Y, Oh KH, Holder T, Tan H, Ortiz BR, Capa Salinas A, Wilson SD, Yan B, Gedik N. Direct observation of the collective modes of the charge density wave in the kagome metal CsV 3Sb 5. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2308588120. [PMID: 37748057 PMCID: PMC10556638 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2308588120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A recently discovered group of kagome metals AV[Formula: see text]Sb[Formula: see text] (A = K, Rb, Cs) exhibit a variety of intertwined unconventional electronic phases, which emerge from a puzzling charge density wave phase. Understanding of this charge-ordered parent phase is crucial for deciphering the entire phase diagram. However, the mechanism of the charge density wave is still controversial, and its primary source of fluctuations-the collective modes-has not been experimentally observed. Here, we use ultrashort laser pulses to melt the charge order in CsV[Formula: see text]Sb[Formula: see text] and record the resulting dynamics using femtosecond angle-resolved photoemission. We resolve the melting time of the charge order and directly observe its amplitude mode, imposing a fundamental limit for the fastest possible lattice rearrangement time. These observations together with ab initio calculations provide clear evidence for a structural rather than electronic mechanism of the charge density wave. Our findings pave the way for a better understanding of the unconventional phases hosted on the kagome lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doron Azoury
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Alexander von Hoegen
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Yifan Su
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Kyoung Hun Oh
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Tobias Holder
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot7610001, Israel
| | - Hengxin Tan
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot7610001, Israel
| | - Brenden R. Ortiz
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA93106
| | | | - Stephen D. Wilson
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA93106
| | - Binghai Yan
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot7610001, Israel
| | - Nuh Gedik
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
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14
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Baldini E, Zong A, Choi D, Lee C, Michael MH, Windgaetter L, Mazin II, Latini S, Azoury D, Lv B, Kogar A, Su Y, Wang Y, Lu Y, Takayama T, Takagi H, Millis AJ, Rubio A, Demler E, Gedik N. The spontaneous symmetry breaking in Ta 2NiSe 5 is structural in nature. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2221688120. [PMID: 37071679 PMCID: PMC10151608 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2221688120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The excitonic insulator is an electronically driven phase of matter that emerges upon the spontaneous formation and Bose condensation of excitons. Detecting this exotic order in candidate materials is a subject of paramount importance, as the size of the excitonic gap in the band structure establishes the potential of this collective state for superfluid energy transport. However, the identification of this phase in real solids is hindered by the coexistence of a structural order parameter with the same symmetry as the excitonic order. Only a few materials are currently believed to host a dominant excitonic phase, Ta2NiSe5 being the most promising. Here, we test this scenario by using an ultrashort laser pulse to quench the broken-symmetry phase of this transition metal chalcogenide. Tracking the dynamics of the material's electronic and crystal structure after light excitation reveals spectroscopic fingerprints that are compatible only with a primary order parameter of phononic nature. We rationalize our findings through state-of-the-art calculations, confirming that the structural order accounts for most of the gap opening. Our results suggest that the spontaneous symmetry breaking in Ta2NiSe5 is mostly of structural character, hampering the possibility to realize quasi-dissipationless energy transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Baldini
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Alfred Zong
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Dongsung Choi
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Changmin Lee
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | | | - Lukas Windgaetter
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg22761, Germany
| | - Igor I. Mazin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Center for Quantum Materials, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA22030
| | - Simone Latini
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg22761, Germany
| | - Doron Azoury
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Baiqing Lv
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Anshul Kogar
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Yifan Su
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC29631
| | - Yangfan Lu
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Takayama
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-0033, Japan
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart70569, Germany
| | - Hidenori Takagi
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-0033, Japan
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart70569, Germany
| | - Andrew J. Millis
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY10027
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, The Flatiron Institute, New York, NY10010
| | - Angel Rubio
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg22761, Germany
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, The Flatiron Institute, New York, NY10010
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad del País Vasco, San Sebastían20018, Spain
| | - Eugene Demler
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Nuh Gedik
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
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15
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Rajpurohit S, Simoni J, Tan LZ. Photo-induced phase-transitions in complex solids. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:4997-5008. [PMID: 36504738 PMCID: PMC9680828 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00481j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Photo-induced phase-transitions (PIPTs) driven by highly cooperative interactions are of fundamental interest as they offer a way to tune and control material properties on ultrafast timescales. Due to strong correlations and interactions, complex quantum materials host several fascinating PIPTs such as light-induced charge density waves and ferroelectricity and have become a desirable setting for studying these PIPTs. A central issue in this field is the proper understanding of the underlying mechanisms driving the PIPTs. As these PIPTs are highly nonlinear processes and often involve multiple time and length scales, different theoretical approaches are often needed to understand the underlying mechanisms. In this review, we present a brief overview of PIPTs realized in complex materials, followed by a discussion of the available theoretical methods with selected examples of recent progress in understanding of the nonequilibrium pathways of PIPTs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacopo Simoni
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory USA
| | - Liang Z Tan
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory USA
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16
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Zhong H, Bao C, Lin T, Zhou S, Zhou S. A newly designed femtosecond KBe 2BO 3F 2 device with pulse duration down to 55 fs for time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:113910. [PMID: 36461493 DOI: 10.1063/5.0106864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Developing a widely tunable vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) source with a sub-100 fs pulse duration is critical for ultrafast pump-probe techniques such as time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (TrARPES). While a tunable probe source with a photon energy of 5.3-7.0 eV has been recently implemented for TrARPES by using a KBe2BO3F2 (KBBF) device, the time resolution of 280-320 fs is still not ideal, which is mainly limited by the duration of the VUV probe pulse generated by the KBBF device. Here, by designing a new KBBF device, which is specially optimized for fs applications, an optimum pulse duration of 55 fs is obtained after systematic diagnostics and optimization. More importantly, a high time resolution of 81-95 fs is achieved for TrARPES measurements covering the probe photon energy range of 5.3-7.0 eV, making it particularly useful for investigating the ultrafast dynamics of quantum materials. Our work extends the application of the KBBF device to ultrafast pump-probe techniques with the advantages of both a widely tunable VUV source and ultimate time resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyuan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhua Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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17
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Saumya B. Charge filling induced quasi-two dimensional charge/spin density wave channel in a ballistic transport device. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:505401. [PMID: 36075222 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac90a6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Charge filling controlled mean field metal-insulator phase transition is examined in the context of two dimensional Fermi surface nesting and van Hove singularity induced charge density wave (CDW), spin density wave (SDW) condensates. In the framework of a coherent ballistic transport model utilizing the Non-Equilibrium Green Function approach (NEGF), a three terminal device with metallic gate, source, drain and CDW/SDW channel is simulated and studied. Within the validity of mean field approximation, we exposit the commensurability and boundary effects. The efficacy of the Hubbard model for (quasi) two dimensional Charge and Spin Density Wave materials is discussed. A two orbital generalization of the effective Hamiltonian is proposed for transport calculations in rare earth TelluridesRTe3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswas Saumya
- Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, United States of America
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18
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Huber M, Lin Y, Dale N, Sailus R, Tongay S, Kaindl RA, Lanzara A. Revealing the order parameter dynamics of 1T-TiSe[Formula: see text] following optical excitation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15860. [PMID: 36151110 PMCID: PMC9508156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19319-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of a charge density wave state is characterized by an order parameter. The way it is established provides unique information on both the role that correlation plays in driving the charge density wave formation and the mechanism behind its formation. Here we use time and angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy to optically perturb the charge-density phase in 1T-TiSe[Formula: see text] and follow the recovery of its order parameter as a function of energy, momentum and excitation density. Our results reveal that two distinct orders contribute to the gap formation, a CDW order and pseudogap-like order, manifested by an overall robustness to optical excitation. A detailed analysis of the magnitude of the the gap as a function of excitation density and delay time reveals the excitonic long-range nature of the CDW gap and the short-range Jahn-Teller character of the pseudogap order. In contrast to the gap, the intensity of the folded Se[Formula: see text]* band can only give access to the excitonic order. These results provide new information into the the long standing debate on the origin of the gap in TiSe[Formula: see text] and place it in the same context of other quantum materials where a pseudogap phase appears to be a precursor of long-range order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Huber
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Yi Lin
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Nicholas Dale
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Physics Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Renee Sailus
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85281 USA
| | - Sefaattin Tongay
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85281 USA
| | - Robert A. Kaindl
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Department of Physics and CXFEL Labs, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85287 USA
| | - Alessandra Lanzara
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Physics Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
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19
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Heber M, Wind N, Kutnyakhov D, Pressacco F, Arion T, Roth F, Eberhardt W, Rossnagel K. Multispectral time-resolved energy-momentum microscopy using high-harmonic extreme ultraviolet radiation. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:083905. [PMID: 36050085 DOI: 10.1063/5.0091003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A 790-nm-driven high-harmonic generation source with a repetition rate of 6 kHz is combined with a toroidal-grating monochromator and a high-detection-efficiency photoelectron time-of-flight momentum microscope to enable time- and momentum-resolved photoemission spectroscopy over a spectral range of 23.6-45.5 eV with sub-100 fs time resolution. Three-dimensional (3D) Fermi surface mapping is demonstrated on graphene-covered Ir(111) with energy and momentum resolutions of ≲100 meV and ≲0.1 Å-1, respectively. The tabletop experiment sets the stage for measuring the kz-dependent ultrafast dynamics of 3D electronic structure, including band structure, Fermi surface, and carrier dynamics in 3D materials as well as 3D orbital dynamics in molecular layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Heber
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nils Wind
- Institut für Experimental Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Tiberiu Arion
- Centre for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Roth
- Institute of Experimental Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Eberhardt
- Centre for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai Rossnagel
- Ruprecht Haensel Laboratory, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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20
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Dong T, Zhang SJ, Wang NL. Recent Development of Ultrafast Optical Characterizations for Quantum Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022:e2110068. [PMID: 35853841 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The advent of intense ultrashort optical pulses spanning a frequency range from terahertz to the visible has opened a new era in the experimental investigation and manipulation of quantum materials. The generation of strong optical field in an ultrashort time scale enables the steering of quantum materials nonadiabatically, inducing novel phenomenon or creating new phases which may not have an equilibrium counterpart. Ultrafast time-resolved optical techniques have provided rich information and played an important role in characterization of the nonequilibrium and nonlinear properties of solid systems. Here, some of the recent progress of ultrafast optical techniques and their applications to the detection and manipulation of physical properties in selected quantum materials are reviewed. Specifically, the new development in the detection of the Higgs mode and photoinduced nonequilibrium response in the study of superconductors by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Dong
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Si-Jie Zhang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Nan-Lin Wang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, 100913, China
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21
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Düvel M, Merboldt M, Bange JP, Strauch H, Stellbrink M, Pierz K, Schumacher HW, Momeni D, Steil D, Jansen GSM, Steil S, Novko D, Mathias S, Reutzel M. Far-from-Equilibrium Electron-Phonon Interactions in Optically Excited Graphene. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:4897-4904. [PMID: 35649249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Comprehending far-from-equilibrium many-body interactions is one of the major goals of current ultrafast condensed matter physics research. Here, a particularly interesting but barely understood situation occurs during a strong optical excitation, where the electron and phonon systems can be significantly perturbed and the quasiparticle distributions cannot be described with equilibrium functions. In this work, we use time- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy to study such far-from-equilibrium many-body interactions for the prototypical material graphene. In accordance with theoretical simulations, we find remarkable transient renormalizations of the quasiparticle self-energy caused by the photoinduced nonequilibrium conditions. These observations can be understood by ultrafast scatterings between nonequilibrium electrons and strongly coupled optical phonons, which signify the crucial role of ultrafast nonequilibrium dynamics on many-body interactions. Our results advance the understanding of many-body physics in extreme conditions, which is important for any endeavor to optically manipulate or create non-equilibrium states of matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marten Düvel
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marco Merboldt
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jan Philipp Bange
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hannah Strauch
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Stellbrink
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Pierz
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Davood Momeni
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Daniel Steil
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - G S Matthijs Jansen
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Steil
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dino Novko
- Institute of Physics, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Stefan Mathias
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion (ICASEC), University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marcel Reutzel
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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22
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Observation of anomalous amplitude modes in the kagome metal CsV 3Sb 5. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3461. [PMID: 35710635 PMCID: PMC9203454 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31162-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The kagome lattice provides a fertile platform to explore novel symmetry-breaking states. Charge-density wave (CDW) instabilities have been recently discovered in a new kagome metal family, commonly considered to arise from Fermi-surface instabilities. Here we report the observation of Raman-active CDW amplitude modes in CsV3Sb5, which are collective excitations typically thought to emerge out of frozen soft phonons, although phonon softening is elusive experimentally. The amplitude modes strongly hybridize with other superlattice modes, imparting them with clear temperature-dependent frequency shift and broadening, rarely seen in other known CDW materials. Both the mode mixing and the large amplitude mode frequencies suggest that the CDW exhibits the character of strong electron-phonon coupling, a regime in which phonon softening can cease to exist. Our work highlights the importance of the lattice degree of freedom in the CDW formation and points to the complex nature of the mechanism. The mechanism of the charge density wave in kagome metals is not fully understood. Here, the authors report the observation of unusual large-frequency collective lattice excitations, or amplitude modes, in CsV3Sb5 in the absence of phonon mode softening, evidencing the strong electron-phonon coupling regime.
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23
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Kitamura M, Souma S, Honma A, Wakabayashi D, Tanaka H, Toyoshima A, Amemiya K, Kawakami T, Sugawara K, Nakayama K, Yoshimatsu K, Kumigashira H, Sato T, Horiba K. Development of a versatile micro-focused angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy system with Kirkpatrick-Baez mirror optics. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:033906. [PMID: 35364976 DOI: 10.1063/5.0074393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy using a micro-focused beam spot [micro-angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES)] is becoming a powerful tool to elucidate key electronic states of exotic quantum materials. We have developed a versatile micro-ARPES system based on the synchrotron radiation beam focused with a Kirkpatrick-Baez mirror optics. The mirrors are monolithically installed on a stage, which is driven with five-axis motion, and are vibrationally separated from the ARPES measurement system. Spatial mapping of the Au photolithography pattern on Si signifies the beam spot size of 10 µm (horizontal) × 12 µm (vertical) at the sample position, which is well suited to resolve the fine structure in local electronic states. Utilization of the micro-beam and the high precision sample motion system enables the accurate spatially resolved band-structure mapping, as demonstrated by the observation of a small band anomaly associated with tiny sample bending near the edge of a cleaved topological insulator single crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Kitamura
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - Seigo Souma
- Center for Spintronics Research Network, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Asuka Honma
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Daisuke Wakabayashi
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tanaka
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - Akio Toyoshima
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - Kenta Amemiya
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - Tappei Kawakami
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Sugawara
- Center for Spintronics Research Network, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Kosuke Nakayama
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kohei Yoshimatsu
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kumigashira
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - Takafumi Sato
- Center for Spintronics Research Network, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Koji Horiba
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
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24
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Weber M, Freericks JK. Real-time evolution of static electron-phonon models in time-dependent electric fields. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:025301. [PMID: 35291073 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.025301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present an exact Monte Carlo method to simulate the nonequilibrium dynamics of electron-phonon models in the adiabatic limit of zero phonon frequency. The classical nature of the phonons allows us to sample the equilibrium phonon distribution and efficiently evolve the electronic subsystem in a time-dependent electromagnetic field for each phonon configuration. We demonstrate that our approach is particularly useful for charge-density-wave systems experiencing pulsed electric fields, as they appear in pump-probe experiments. For the half-filled Holstein model in one and two dimensions, we calculate the out-of-equilibrium response of the current and the energy after a pulse is applied as well as the photoemission spectrum before and after the pump. Finite-size effects are under control for chains of 162 sites (in one dimension) or 16×16 square lattices (in two dimensions).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Weber
- Department of Physics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Str. 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - James K Freericks
- Department of Physics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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25
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Kirby RJ, Scholes GD, Schoop LM. Square-Net Topological Semimetals: How Spectroscopy Furthers Understanding and Control. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:838-850. [PMID: 35044779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Square-net materials are well positioned to lead optical spectroscopic explorations into the electronic structure, photoinduced dynamics, and phase transitions in topological semimetals. Hundreds of square-net topological semimetals can be prepared that have remarkably different electronic and optical properties despite having similar structures. Here we present what has been gleaned recently from these materials with the whole gamut of optical spectroscopies, ranging from steady-state reflectance and Raman investigations into topological band structures, electronic correlations, and equilibrium phase transitions to time-resolved techniques used to decipher ultrafast relaxation dynamics and nonequilibrium photoinduced phase transitions. We end with a discussion of some major remaining questions and possible future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Kirby
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Leslie M Schoop
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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26
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Maklar J, Schüler M, Windsor YW, Nicholson CW, Puppin M, Walmsley P, Fisher IR, Wolf M, Ernstorfer R, Sentef MA, Rettig L. Coherent Modulation of Quasiparticle Scattering Rates in a Photoexcited Charge-Density-Wave System. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:026406. [PMID: 35089762 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.026406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present a complementary experimental and theoretical investigation of relaxation dynamics in the charge-density-wave (CDW) system TbTe_{3} after ultrafast optical excitation. Using time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we observe an unusual transient modulation of the relaxation rates of excited photocarriers. A detailed analysis of the electron self-energy based on a nonequilibrium Green's function formalism reveals that the phase space of electron-electron scattering is critically modulated by the photoinduced collective CDW excitation, providing an intuitive microscopic understanding of the observed dynamics and revealing the impact of the electronic band structure on the self-energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Maklar
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Schüler
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Y W Windsor
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - C W Nicholson
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Puppin
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - P Walmsley
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - I R Fisher
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M Wolf
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - R Ernstorfer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - M A Sentef
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - L Rettig
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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27
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Gonzalez-Vallejo I, Jacques VLR, Boschetto D, Rizza G, Hadj-Azzem A, Faure J, Le Bolloc'h D. Time-resolved structural dynamics of the out-of-equilibrium charge density wave phase transition in GdTe 3. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2022; 9:014502. [PMID: 38143930 PMCID: PMC10748500 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
We use ultrafast electron diffraction to study the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of the charge density wave (CDW) phase transition in GdTe3, a quasi-two-dimensional compound displaying a unidirectional CDW state. Experiments were conducted at different incident fluences and different initial sample temperatures below Tc. We find that following photo-excitation, the system undergoes a non-thermal ultrafast phase transition that occurs in out-of-equilibrium conditions. The intrinsic crystal temperature was estimated at each time delay from the atomic thermal motion, which affects each Bragg peak intensity via the Debye Waller factor. We find that the crystal temperature stabilizes with a 6 ps timescale in a quasi-equilibrium state at temperature T q . e . . We then relate the recovery time of the CDW and its correlation lengths as a function of T q . e . . The charge density wave is suppressed in less than a picosecond while its recovery time increases linearly with incident fluence and initial temperature. Our results highlight that the dynamics is strongly determined by the initial sample temperature. In addition, the transient CDW phase recently observed along the transverse direction in LaTe3 and CeTe3 is not observed in GdTe3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - D. Boschetto
- LOA, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - G. Rizza
- LSI, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, CEA/DRF/IRAMIS, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Route de Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | | | - J. Faure
- LOA, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
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28
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Flavell W. Spiers Memorial Lecture: Prospects for photoelectron spectroscopy. Faraday Discuss 2022; 236:9-57. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00071g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An overview is presented of recent advances in photoelectron spectroscopy, focussing on advances in in situ and time-resolved measurements, and in extending the sampling depth of the technique. The future...
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29
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Marini G, Calandra M. Light-Tunable Charge Density Wave Orders in MoTe_{2} and WTe_{2} Single Layers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:257401. [PMID: 35029411 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.257401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
By using constrained density functional theory modeling, we demonstrate that ultrafast optical pumping unveils hidden charge orders in group VI monolayer transition metal ditellurides. We show that irradiation of the insulating 2H phases stabilizes multiple transient charge density wave orders with light-tunable distortion, periodicity, electronic structure, and band gap. Moreover, optical pumping of the semimetallic 1T^{'} phases generates a transient charge ordered metallic phase composed of 2D diamond clusters. For each transient phase we identify the critical fluence at which it is observed and the specific optical and Raman fingerprints to directly compare with future ultrafast pump-probe experiments. Our work demonstrates that it is possible to stabilize charge density waves even in insulating 2D transition metal dichalcogenides by ultrafast irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Marini
- Graphene Labs, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Matteo Calandra
- Graphene Labs, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, I-16163 Genova, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Povo, Italy
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, UMR7588, F-75252, Paris, France
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30
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Gauthier N, Sobota JA, Pfau H, Gauthier A, Soifer H, Bachmann MD, Fisher IR, Shen ZX, Kirchmann PS. Expanding the momentum field of view in angle-resolved photoemission systems with hemispherical analyzers. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:123907. [PMID: 34972440 DOI: 10.1063/5.0053479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In photoelectron spectroscopy, the measured electron momentum range is intrinsically related to the excitation photon energy. Low photon energies <10 eV are commonly encountered in laser-based photoemission and lead to a momentum range that is smaller than the Brillouin zones of most materials. This can become a limiting factor when studying condensed matter with laser-based photoemission. An additional restriction is introduced by widely used hemispherical analyzers that record only electrons photoemitted in a solid angle set by the aperture size at the analyzer entrance. Here, we present an upgrade to increase the effective solid angle that is measured with a hemispherical analyzer. We achieve this by accelerating the photoelectrons toward the analyzer with an electric field that is generated by a bias voltage on the sample. Our experimental geometry is comparable to a parallel plate capacitor, and therefore, we approximate the electric field to be uniform along the photoelectron trajectory. With this assumption, we developed an analytic, parameter-free model that relates the measured angles to the electron momenta in the solid and verify its validity by comparing with experimental results on the charge density wave material TbTe3. By providing a larger field of view in momentum space, our approach using a bias potential considerably expands the flexibility of laser-based photoemission setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Gauthier
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Jonathan A Sobota
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Heike Pfau
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Alexandre Gauthier
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Hadas Soifer
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Maja D Bachmann
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Departments of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Ian R Fisher
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Zhi-Xun Shen
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Patrick S Kirchmann
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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31
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Yan C, Green E, Fukumori R, Protic N, Lee SH, Fernandez-Mulligan S, Raja R, Erdakos R, Mao Z, Yang S. An integrated quantum material testbed with multi-resolution photoemission spectroscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:113907. [PMID: 34852521 DOI: 10.1063/5.0072979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present the development of a multi-resolution photoemission spectroscopy (MRPES) setup, which probes quantum materials in energy, momentum, space, and time. This versatile setup integrates three light sources in one photoemission setup and can conveniently switch between traditional angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), time-resolved ARPES (trARPES), and micrometer-scale spatially resolved ARPES. It provides a first-time all-in-one solution to achieve an energy resolution of <4 meV, a time resolution of <35 fs, and a spatial resolution of ∼10 μm in photoemission spectroscopy. Remarkably, we obtain the shortest time resolution among the trARPES setups using solid-state nonlinear crystals for frequency upconversion. Furthermore, this MRPES setup is integrated with a shadow-mask assisted molecular beam epitaxy system, which transforms the traditional photoemission spectroscopy into a quantum device characterization instrument. We demonstrate the functionalities of this novel quantum material testbed using FeSe/SrTiO3 thin films and MnBi4Te7 magnetic topological insulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui Yan
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Emanuel Green
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Riku Fukumori
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Nikola Protic
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Seng Huat Lee
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennslyvania, 16802, USA
| | | | - Rahim Raja
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Robin Erdakos
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Mao
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennslyvania, 16802, USA
| | - Shuolong Yang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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32
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Bie YQ, Zong A, Wang X, Jarillo-Herrero P, Gedik N. A versatile sample fabrication method for ultrafast electron diffraction. Ultramicroscopy 2021; 230:113389. [PMID: 34530284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2021.113389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Integral to the exploration of nonequilibrium phenomena in solid-state systems is the study of lattice motion after photoexcitation by a femtosecond laser pulse. For the past two decades, ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) has played a critical role in this regard. Despite remarkable progress in instrumental development, this technique is still bottlenecked by a demanding sample preparation process, where ultrathin single crystals of large lateral size are typically required. In this work, we describe an efficient, versatile method that yields high-quality, laterally extended (≥ 100 µm), and thin (≤ 50 nm) single crystals on amorphous films of Si3N4 windows. It applies to most exfoliable materials, including those reactive in ambient conditions, and promises clean, flat surfaces. Besides the natural extension to fabricating van der Waals heterostructures, our method can also be applied to future-generation UED that enables additional control of sample parameters, such as electrostatic gating and excitation by a locally enhanced terahertz field. Our work significantly expands the type of samples for UED studies and also finds application in other time-resolved techniques such as attosecond extreme-ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy. This method hence provides further opportunities to explore photoinduced transitions and to discover novel states of matter out of equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qing Bie
- State Key Lab of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Alfred Zong
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; University of California at Berkeley, Department of Chemistry, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Xirui Wang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Pablo Jarillo-Herrero
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Nuh Gedik
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
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33
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Dürr HA, Ernstorfer R, Siwick BJ. Revealing momentum-dependent electron-phonon and phonon-phonon coupling in complex materials with ultrafast electron diffuse scattering. MRS BULLETIN 2021; 46:731-737. [PMID: 34720390 PMCID: PMC8550364 DOI: 10.1557/s43577-021-00156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Despite their fundamental role in determining many important properties of materials, detailed momentum-dependent information on the strength of electron-phonon and phonon-phonon coupling across the entire Brillouin zone has remained elusive. Ultrafast electron diffuse scattering (UEDS) is a recently developed technique that is making a significant contribution to these questions. Here, we describe both the UEDS methodology and the information content of ultrafast, photoinduced changes in phonon-diffuse scattering from single-crystal materials. We present results obtained from Ni, WSe2, and TiSe2, materials that are characterized by a complex interplay between electronic (charge, spin) and lattice degrees of freedom. We demonstrate the power of this technique by unraveling carrier-phonon and phonon-phonon interactions in both momentum and time and following nonequilibrium phonon dynamics in detail on ultrafast time scales. By combining ab initio calculations with ultrafast diffuse electron scattering, insights into electronic and magnetic dynamics that impact UEDS indirectly can also be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann A. Dürr
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ralph Ernstorfer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bradley J. Siwick
- Centre for the Physics of Materials, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W, Montreal, Canada
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34
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Mankowsky R, Sander M, Zerdane S, Vonka J, Bartkowiak M, Deng Y, Winkler R, Giorgianni F, Matmon G, Gerber S, Beaud P, Lemke HT. New insights into correlated materials in the time domain-combining far-infrared excitation with x-ray probes at cryogenic temperatures. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:374001. [PMID: 34098537 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac08b5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Modern techniques for the investigation of correlated materials in the time domain combine selective excitation in the THz frequency range with selective probing of coupled structural, electronic and magnetic degrees of freedom using x-ray scattering techniques. Cryogenic sample temperatures are commonly required to prevent thermal occupation of the low energy modes and to access relevant material ground states. Here, we present a chamber optimized for high-field THz excitation and (resonant) x-ray diffraction at sample temperatures between 5 and 500 K. Directly connected to the beamline vacuum and featuring both a Beryllium window and an in-vacuum detector, the chamber covers the full (2-12.7) keV energy range of the femtosecond x-ray pulses available at the Bernina endstation of the SwissFEL free electron laser. Successful commissioning experiments made use of the energy tunability to selectively track the dynamics of the structural, magnetic and orbital order of Ca2RuO4and Tb2Ti2O7at the Ru (2.96 keV) and Tb (7.55 keV)L-edges, respectively. THz field amplitudes up to 1.12 MV cm-1peak field were demonstrated and used to excite the samples at temperatures as low as 5 K.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jakub Vonka
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Yunpei Deng
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Rafael Winkler
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Guy Matmon
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Paul Beaud
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
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35
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Lloyd-Hughes J, Oppeneer PM, Pereira Dos Santos T, Schleife A, Meng S, Sentef MA, Ruggenthaler M, Rubio A, Radu I, Murnane M, Shi X, Kapteyn H, Stadtmüller B, Dani KM, da Jornada FH, Prinz E, Aeschlimann M, Milot RL, Burdanova M, Boland J, Cocker T, Hegmann F. The 2021 ultrafast spectroscopic probes of condensed matter roadmap. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:353001. [PMID: 33951618 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abfe21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the 60 years since the invention of the laser, the scientific community has developed numerous fields of research based on these bright, coherent light sources, including the areas of imaging, spectroscopy, materials processing and communications. Ultrafast spectroscopy and imaging techniques are at the forefront of research into the light-matter interaction at the shortest times accessible to experiments, ranging from a few attoseconds to nanoseconds. Light pulses provide a crucial probe of the dynamical motion of charges, spins, and atoms on picosecond, femtosecond, and down to attosecond timescales, none of which are accessible even with the fastest electronic devices. Furthermore, strong light pulses can drive materials into unusual phases, with exotic properties. In this roadmap we describe the current state-of-the-art in experimental and theoretical studies of condensed matter using ultrafast probes. In each contribution, the authors also use their extensive knowledge to highlight challenges and predict future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lloyd-Hughes
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - P M Oppeneer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, PO Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - T Pereira Dos Santos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - A Schleife
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - S Meng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - M A Sentef
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free Electron Laser Science (CFEL), 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Ruggenthaler
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free Electron Laser Science (CFEL), 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Rubio
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free Electron Laser Science (CFEL), 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and ETSF, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics (CCQ), The Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10010, United States of America
| | - I Radu
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
- Max Born Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Murnane
- JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, United States of America
| | - X Shi
- JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, United States of America
| | - H Kapteyn
- JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, United States of America
| | - B Stadtmüller
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - K M Dani
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Japan
| | - F H da Jornada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, United States of America
| | - E Prinz
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - M Aeschlimann
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - R L Milot
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - M Burdanova
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - J Boland
- Photon Science Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - T Cocker
- Michigan State University, United States of America
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36
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Maklar J, Windsor YW, Nicholson CW, Puppin M, Walmsley P, Esposito V, Porer M, Rittmann J, Leuenberger D, Kubli M, Savoini M, Abreu E, Johnson SL, Beaud P, Ingold G, Staub U, Fisher IR, Ernstorfer R, Wolf M, Rettig L. Nonequilibrium charge-density-wave order beyond the thermal limit. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2499. [PMID: 33941788 PMCID: PMC8093280 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22778-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of many-body systems with intense light pulses may lead to novel emergent phenomena far from equilibrium. Recent discoveries, such as the optical enhancement of the critical temperature in certain superconductors and the photo-stabilization of hidden phases, have turned this field into an important research frontier. Here, we demonstrate nonthermal charge-density-wave (CDW) order at electronic temperatures far greater than the thermodynamic transition temperature. Using time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and time-resolved X-ray diffraction, we investigate the electronic and structural order parameters of an ultrafast photoinduced CDW-to-metal transition. Tracking the dynamical CDW recovery as a function of electronic temperature reveals a behaviour markedly different from equilibrium, which we attribute to the suppression of lattice fluctuations in the transient nonthermal phonon distribution. A complete description of the system's coherent and incoherent order-parameter dynamics is given by a time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau framework, providing access to the transient potential energy surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Maklar
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Y W Windsor
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | - C W Nicholson
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physics and Fribourg Center for Nanomaterials, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - M Puppin
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, ISIC, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Walmsley
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - V Esposito
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - M Porer
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - J Rittmann
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - D Leuenberger
- Department of Physics, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Kubli
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Physics Department, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Savoini
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Physics Department, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - E Abreu
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Physics Department, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S L Johnson
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Physics Department, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - P Beaud
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - G Ingold
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - U Staub
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - I R Fisher
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - R Ernstorfer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Wolf
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Rettig
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany.
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37
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Schönhense G, Kutnyakhov D, Pressacco F, Heber M, Wind N, Agustsson SY, Babenkov S, Vasilyev D, Fedchenko O, Chernov S, Rettig L, Schönhense B, Wenthaus L, Brenner G, Dziarzhytski S, Palutke S, Mahatha SK, Schirmel N, Redlin H, Manschwetus B, Hartl I, Matveyev Y, Gloskovskii A, Schlueter C, Shokeen V, Duerr H, Allison TK, Beye M, Rossnagel K, Elmers HJ, Medjanik K. Suppression of the vacuum space-charge effect in fs-photoemission by a retarding electrostatic front lens. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:053703. [PMID: 34243258 DOI: 10.1063/5.0046567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The performance of time-resolved photoemission experiments at fs-pulsed photon sources is ultimately limited by the e-e Coulomb interaction, downgrading energy and momentum resolution. Here, we present an approach to effectively suppress space-charge artifacts in momentum microscopes and photoemission microscopes. A retarding electrostatic field generated by a special objective lens repels slow electrons, retaining the k-image of the fast photoelectrons. The suppression of space-charge effects scales with the ratio of the photoelectron velocities of fast and slow electrons. Fields in the range from -20 to -1100 V/mm for Ekin = 100 eV to 4 keV direct secondaries and pump-induced slow electrons back to the sample surface. Ray tracing simulations reveal that this happens within the first 40 to 3 μm above the sample surface for Ekin = 100 eV to 4 keV. An optimized front-lens design allows switching between the conventional accelerating and the new retarding mode. Time-resolved experiments at Ekin = 107 eV using fs extreme ultraviolet probe pulses from the free-electron laser FLASH reveal that the width of the Fermi edge increases by just 30 meV at an incident pump fluence of 22 mJ/cm2 (retarding field -21 V/mm). For an accelerating field of +2 kV/mm and a pump fluence of only 5 mJ/cm2, it increases by 0.5 eV (pump wavelength 1030 nm). At the given conditions, the suppression mode permits increasing the slow-electron yield by three to four orders of magnitude. The feasibility of the method at high energies is demonstrated without a pump beam at Ekin = 3830 eV using hard x rays from the storage ring PETRA III. The approach opens up a previously inaccessible regime of pump fluences for photoemission experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Schönhense
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Institut für Physik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - D Kutnyakhov
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Pressacco
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Heber
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - N Wind
- University of Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Y Agustsson
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Institut für Physik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Babenkov
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Institut für Physik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - D Vasilyev
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Institut für Physik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - O Fedchenko
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Institut für Physik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Chernov
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11790-3400, USA
| | - L Rettig
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - B Schönhense
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - L Wenthaus
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Brenner
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Dziarzhytski
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Palutke
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S K Mahatha
- Ruprecht Haensel Laboratory, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - N Schirmel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - H Redlin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Manschwetus
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - I Hartl
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yu Matveyev
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Gloskovskii
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Schlueter
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - V Shokeen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H Duerr
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - T K Allison
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11790-3400, USA
| | - M Beye
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Rossnagel
- Ruprecht Haensel Laboratory, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - H J Elmers
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Institut für Physik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Medjanik
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Institut für Physik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
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38
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Tsutsui K, Shinjo K, Tohyama T. Antiphase Oscillations in the Time-Resolved Spin Structure Factor of a Photoexcited Mott Insulator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:127404. [PMID: 33834838 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.127404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by the recent development of time-resolved resonant-inelastic x-ray scattering (TRRIXS) in photoexcited antiferromagnetic Mott insulators, we numerically investigate momentum-dependent transient spin dynamics in a half-filled Hubbard model on a square lattice. After turning off a pumping photon pulse, the intensity of a dynamical spin structure factor temporally oscillates with frequencies determined by the energy of two magnons in the antiferromagnetic Mott insulator. We find an antiphase behavior in the oscillations between two orthogonal momentum directions, parallel and perpendicular to the electric field of a pump pulse. The phase difference comes from the B_{1g} channel of the two-magnon excitation. Observing the antiphase oscillations will be a big challenge for TRRIXS experiments when their time resolution will be improved by more than an order of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Tsutsui
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shinjo
- Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Takami Tohyama
- Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
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39
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Abstract
The coupled nonequilibrium dynamics of electrons and phonons in monolayer MoS2 is investigated by combining first-principles calculations of the electron-phonon and phonon-phonon interactions with the time-dependent Boltzmann equation. Strict phase-space constraints in the electron-phonon scattering are found to influence profoundly the decay path of excited electrons and holes, restricting the emission of phonons to crystal momenta close to a few high-symmetry points in the Brillouin zone. As a result of momentum selectivity in the phonon emission, the nonequilibrium lattice dynamics is characterized by the emergence of a highly anisotropic population of phonons in reciprocal space, which persists for up to 10 ps until thermal equilibrium is restored by phonon-phonon scattering. Achieving control of the nonequilibrium dynamics of the lattice may provide unexplored opportunities to selectively enhance the phonon population of two-dimensional crystals and, thereby, transiently tailor electron-phonon interactions over subpicosecond time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Caruso
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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40
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Nonequilibrium dynamics of spontaneous symmetry breaking into a hidden state of charge-density wave. Nat Commun 2021; 12:566. [PMID: 33495452 PMCID: PMC7835373 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20834-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonequilibrium phase transitions play a pivotal role in broad physical contexts, from condensed matter to cosmology. Tracking the formation of nonequilibrium phases in condensed matter requires a resolution of the long-range cooperativity on ultra-short timescales. Here, we study the spontaneous transformation of a charge-density wave in CeTe3 from a stripe order into a bi-directional state inaccessible thermodynamically but is induced by intense laser pulses. With ≈100 fs resolution coherent electron diffraction, we capture the entire course of this transformation and show self-organization that defines a nonthermal critical point, unveiling the nonequilibrium energy landscape. We discuss the generation of instabilities by a swift interaction quench that changes the system symmetry preference, and the phase ordering dynamics orchestrated over a nonadiabatic timescale to allow new order parameter fluctuations to gain long-range correlations. Remarkably, the subsequent thermalization locks the remnants of the transient order into longer-lived topological defects for more than 2 ns.
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41
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Kogar A. Snapshots of a light-triggered transition. Science 2021; 371:341-342. [PMID: 33479136 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf1406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Kogar
- Department of Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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42
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Yang LX, Rohde G, Hanff K, Stange A, Xiong R, Shi J, Bauer M, Rossnagel K. Bypassing the Structural Bottleneck in the Ultrafast Melting of Electronic Order. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:266402. [PMID: 33449703 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.266402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Impulsive optical excitation generally results in a complex nonequilibrium electron and lattice dynamics that involves multiple processes on distinct timescales, and a common conception is that for times shorter than about 100 fs the gap in the electronic spectrum is not seriously affected by lattice vibrations. Here, however, by directly monitoring the photoinduced collapse of the spectral gap in a canonical charge-density-wave material, the blue bronze Rb_{0.3}MoO_{3}, we find that ultrafast (∼60 fs) vibrational disordering due to efficient hot-electron energy dissipation quenches the gap significantly faster than the typical structural bottleneck time corresponding to one half-cycle oscillation (∼315 fs) of the coherent charge-density-wave amplitude mode. This result not only demonstrates the importance of incoherent lattice motion in the photoinduced quenching of electronic order, but also resolves the perennial debate about the nature of the spectral gap in a coupled electron-lattice system.
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Affiliation(s)
- L X Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - G Rohde
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - K Hanff
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - A Stange
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - R Xiong
- Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - J Shi
- Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - M Bauer
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - K Rossnagel
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
- Ruprecht-Haensel-Labor, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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43
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Maklar J, Dong S, Beaulieu S, Pincelli T, Dendzik M, Windsor YW, Xian RP, Wolf M, Ernstorfer R, Rettig L. A quantitative comparison of time-of-flight momentum microscopes and hemispherical analyzers for time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy experiments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:123112. [PMID: 33379994 DOI: 10.1063/5.0024493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Time-of-flight-based momentum microscopy has a growing presence in photoemission studies, as it enables parallel energy- and momentum-resolved acquisition of the full photoelectron distribution. Here, we report table-top extreme ultraviolet time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (trARPES) featuring both a hemispherical analyzer and a momentum microscope within the same setup. We present a systematic comparison of the two detection schemes and quantify experimentally relevant parameters, including pump- and probe-induced space-charge effects, detection efficiency, photoelectron count rates, and depth of focus. We highlight the advantages and limitations of both instruments based on exemplary trARPES measurements of bulk WSe2. Our analysis demonstrates the complementary nature of the two spectrometers for time-resolved ARPES experiments. Their combination in a single experimental apparatus allows us to address a broad range of scientific questions with trARPES.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Maklar
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Dong
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Beaulieu
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Pincelli
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Dendzik
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Y W Windsor
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - R P Xian
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Wolf
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - R Ernstorfer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - L Rettig
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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44
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Abstract
CeTe3 is a unique platform to investigate the itinerant magnetism in a van der Waals (vdW) coupled metal. Despite chemical pressure being a promising route to boost quantum fluctuation in this system, a systematic study on the chemical pressure effect on Ce3+(4f1) states is absent. Here, we report on the successful growth of a series of Se doped single crystals of CeTe3. We found a fluctuation driven exotic magnetic rotation from the usual easy-axis ordering to an unusual hard-axis ordering. Unlike in localized magnetic systems, near-critical magnetism can increase itinerancy hand-in-hand with enhancing fluctuation of magnetism. Thus, seemingly unstable hard-axis ordering emerges through kinetic energy gain, with the self-consistent observation of enhanced magnetic fluctuation (disorder). As far as we recognize, this order-by-disorder process in fermionic system is observed for the first time within vdW materials. Our finding opens a unique experimental platform for direct visualization of the rich quasiparticle Fermi surface deformation associated with the Fermionic order-by-disorder process. Also, the search for emergent exotic phases by further tuning of quantum fluctuation is suggested as a promising future challenge.
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45
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Hein P, Jauernik S, Erk H, Yang L, Qi Y, Sun Y, Felser C, Bauer M. Mode-resolved reciprocal space mapping of electron-phonon interaction in the Weyl semimetal candidate Td-WTe 2. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2613. [PMID: 32457344 PMCID: PMC7250889 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The excitation of coherent phonons provides unique capabilities to control fundamental properties of quantum materials on ultrafast time scales. Recently, it was predicted that a topologically protected Weyl semimetal phase in the transition metal dichalcogenide Td-WTe2 can be controlled and, ultimately, be destroyed upon the coherent excitation of an interlayer shear mode. By monitoring electronic structure changes with femtosecond resolution, we provide here direct experimental evidence that the shear mode acts on the electronic states near the phase-defining Weyl points. Furthermore, we observe a periodic reduction in the spin splitting of bands, a distinct electronic signature of the Weyl phase-stabilizing non-centrosymmetric Td ground state of WTe2. The comparison with higher-frequency coherent phonon modes finally proves the shear mode-selectivity of the observed changes in the electronic structure. Our real-time observations reveal direct experimental insights into electronic processes that are of vital importance for a coherent phonon-induced topological phase transition in Td-WTe2. It is predicted that topological phase transitions in quantum materials can be triggered by selective excitation of coherent phonons. Upon excitation of a shear mode, Hein et al. observe distinct perturbations of electronic Weyl semimetal fingerprints in Td-WTe2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Hein
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Kiel, Leibnizstraße 19, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Stephan Jauernik
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Kiel, Leibnizstraße 19, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hermann Erk
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Kiel, Leibnizstraße 19, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lexian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yanpeng Qi
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.,Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yan Sun
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Felser
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Kiel, Leibnizstraße 19, 24118, Kiel, Germany
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46
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Lee C, Rohwer T, Sie EJ, Zong A, Baldini E, Straquadine J, Walmsley P, Gardner D, Lee YS, Fisher IR, Gedik N. High resolution time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with 11 eV laser pulses. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:043102. [PMID: 32357712 DOI: 10.1063/1.5139556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Performing time- and angle-resolved photoemission (tr-ARPES) spectroscopy at high momenta necessitates extreme ultraviolet laser pulses, which are typically produced via high harmonic generation (HHG). Despite recent advances, HHG-based setups still require large pulse energies (from hundreds of μJ to mJ) and their energy resolution is limited to tens of meV. Here, we present a novel 11 eV tr-ARPES setup that generates a flux of 5 × 1010 photons/s and achieves an unprecedented energy resolution of 16 meV. It can be operated at high repetition rates (up to 250 kHz) while using input pulse energies down to 3 µJ. We demonstrate these unique capabilities by simultaneously capturing the energy and momentum resolved dynamics in two well-separated momentum space regions of a charge density wave material ErTe3. This novel setup offers the opportunity to study the non-equilibrium band structure of solids with exceptional energy and time resolutions at high repetition rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changmin Lee
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Timm Rohwer
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Edbert J Sie
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Alfred Zong
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Edoardo Baldini
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Joshua Straquadine
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Philip Walmsley
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Dillon Gardner
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Young S Lee
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Ian R Fisher
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Nuh Gedik
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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47
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Lewis AM, Berkelbach TC. Ab Initio Linear and Pump-Probe Spectroscopy of Excitons in Molecular Crystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:2241-2246. [PMID: 32109074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Linear and nonlinear spectroscopies are powerful tools used to investigate the energetics and dynamics of electronic excited states of both molecules and crystals. While highly accurate ab initio calculations of molecular spectra can be performed relatively routinely, extending these calculations to periodic systems is challenging. Here, we present calculations of the linear absorption spectrum and pump-probe two-photon photoemission spectra of the naphthalene crystal using equation-of-motion coupled-cluster theory with single and double excitations (EOM-CCSD). Molecular acene crystals are of interest due to the low-energy multiexciton singlet states they exhibit, which have been studied extensively as intermediates involved in singlet fission. Our linear absorption spectrum is in good agreement with experiment, predicting a first exciton absorption peak at 4.4 eV, and our two-photon photoemission spectra capture the qualitative behavior of multiexciton states, whose double-excitation character cannot be captured by current methods. The simulated pump-probe spectra provide support for existing interpretations of two-photon photoemission experiments in closely related acene crystals such as tetracene and pentacene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan M Lewis
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Timothy C Berkelbach
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, United States
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48
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Jin GB, Malliakas CD, Hu YJ, Booth CH, Ibers JA, Sokaras D, Weng TC, Skanthakumar S, Soderholm L. NpSe 2 : a Binary Chalcogenide Containing Modulated Selenide Chains and Ambiguous-Valent Metal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16130-16133. [PMID: 31549462 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A new binary compound, NpSe2, possesses metal-chalcogen and chalcogen-chalcogen interactions different from those reported for other metal dichalcogenides. Its structure is incommensurately modulated and features linear Se chains and valence-ambiguous Np cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Bang Jin
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA.,Current address: 3M Corporate Research Analytical Laboratory, St. Paul, MN, 55144, USA
| | - Christos D Malliakas
- Material Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA.,Current address: Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Yung-Jin Hu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Corwin H Booth
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - James A Ibers
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208-3113, USA
| | - D Sokaras
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
| | - T-C Weng
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA.,Current address: HPSTAR, 1690 Cailun Rd., Bldg. 6, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - S Skanthakumar
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - L Soderholm
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
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49
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Guo R, Sun X, Yuan B, Wang H, Liu J. Magnetic Liquid Metal (Fe-EGaIn) Based Multifunctional Electronics for Remote Self-Healing Materials, Degradable Electronics, and Thermal Transfer Printing. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1901478. [PMID: 31637174 PMCID: PMC6794621 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Flexible materials with the ability to be bent, strained, or twisted play a critical role in soft robots and stretchable electronics. Although tremendous efforts are focused on developing new stretchable materials with excellent stability, inevitable mechanical damage due to long term deformation is still an urgent problem to be tackled. Here, a magnetic healing method based on Fe-doped liquid metal (Fe-GaIn) conductive ink via a noncontact way is proposed. Further, multifunctional flexible electronics are designed with combined performances of superior remote self-healing under magnetic field, water-degradable, and thermal transfer printing, which attribute to three parts of the materials including Fe-GaIn conductive ink, degradable PVA substrate, and adhesive fructose. The as-made light emitting diodes (LED) circuit is demonstrated with both structural and functional repairing after single or multipoint damage. The self-healing time from multipoint damage is pretty fast within 10 s. Due to the water-soluble PVA film, the recycling process is simple via immersing into water. Through heating, the electric circuit on fructose can be transferred to other flexible substrate with high efficiency, which broadens the practical applications of the present system. The novel and multifunctional electronics hold great promise for self-healing electronics, transient electronics, and soft robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSchool of MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Xuyang Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cryo‐Biomedical Engineering and CAS Key Laboratory of CryogenicsTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSchool of MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Hongzhang Wang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSchool of MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSchool of MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cryo‐Biomedical Engineering and CAS Key Laboratory of CryogenicsTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
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50
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White AF, Chan GKL. Time-Dependent Coupled Cluster Theory on the Keldysh Contour for Nonequilibrium Systems. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:6137-6153. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alec F. White
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, Umited States
| | - Garnet Kin-Lic Chan
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, Umited States
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