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Zhang Y, Chen Z, Guo J, Wan Q, Zhang Y, Li H, Rao H, Yang J, Xu P, Chen H, Wang M. Factor XII and prekallikrein promote microvascular inflammation and psoriasis in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:3760-3778. [PMID: 38872396 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Psoriasis is an autoimmune inflammatory skin disease, featuring microvascular abnormalities and elevated levels of bradykinin. Contact activation of Factor XII can initiate the plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade, producing inflammation and angioedema. The role of Factor XII in psoriasis is unknown. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of deficiency of Factor XII or its enzymatic substrate, prekallikrein, were examined in the imiquimod-induced mouse model of psoriasis. Skin microcirculation was assessed using intravital confocal microscopy and laser Doppler flowmeter. A novel antibody blocking Factor XII activation was evaluated for psoriasis prevention. KEY RESULTS Expression of Factor XII was markedly up-regulated in human and mouse psoriatic skin. Genetic deletion of Factor XII or prekallikrein, attenuated imiquimod-induced psoriatic lesions in mice. Psoriatic induction increased skin microvascular blood perfusion, causing vasodilation, hyperpermeability and angiogenesis. It also promoted neutrophil-vascular interaction, inflammatory cytokine release and enhanced Factor XII / prekallikrein enzymatic activity with elevated bradykinin. Factor XII or prekallikrein deficiency ameliorated these microvascular abnormalities and abolished bradykinin increase. Antagonism of bradykinin B2 receptors reproduced the microvascular protection of Factor XII / prekallikrein deficiency, attenuated psoriatic lesions, and prevented protection by Factor XII / prekallikrein deficiency against psoriasis. Furthermore, treatment of mice with Factor XII antibody alleviated experimentally induced psoriasis and suppressed microvascular inflammation. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Activation of Factor XII promoted psoriasis via prekallikrein-dependent formation of bradykinin, which critically mediated psoriatic microvascular inflammation. Inhibition of contact activation represents a novel therapeutic strategy for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zengrong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Junyan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua City, China
| | - Qing Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haojie Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Clinical Pharmacology Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Central China Subcenter of National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Henan Cardiovascular Disease Center, Fuwai Central-China Cardiovascular Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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2
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Sheahan TD, Warwick CA, Cui AY, Baranger DAA, Perry VJ, Smith KM, Manalo AP, Nguyen EK, Koerber HR, Ross SE. Kappa opioids inhibit spinal output neurons to suppress itch. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadp6038. [PMID: 39321286 PMCID: PMC11423883 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adp6038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Itch is a protective sensation that drives scratching. Although specific cell types have been proposed to underlie itch, the neural basis for itch remains unclear. Here, we used two-photon Ca2+ imaging of the dorsal horn to visualize neuronal populations that are activated by itch-inducing agents. We identify a convergent population of spinal interneurons recruited by diverse itch-causing stimuli that represents a subset of neurons that express the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR). Moreover, we find that itch is conveyed to the brain via GRPR-expressing spinal output neurons that target the lateral parabrachial nuclei. We then show that the kappa opioid receptor agonist nalfurafine relieves itch by selectively inhibiting GRPR spinoparabrachial neurons. These experiments provide a population-level view of the spinal neurons that respond to pruritic stimuli, pinpoint the output neurons that convey itch to the brain, and identify the cellular target of kappa opioid receptor agonists for the inhibition of itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayler D Sheahan
- Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Charles A Warwick
- Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Abby Y Cui
- Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David A A Baranger
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Vijay J Perry
- Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kelly M Smith
- Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Allison P Manalo
- Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eileen K Nguyen
- Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - H Richard Koerber
- Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sarah E Ross
- Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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3
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Li C, Xu Y, Su W, He X, Li J, Li X, Xu HE, Yin W. Structural insights into ligand recognition, selectivity, and activation of bombesin receptor subtype-3. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114511. [PMID: 39024101 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Bombesin receptor subtype-3 (BRS3) is an important orphan G protein-coupled receptor that regulates energy homeostasis and insulin secretion. As a member of the bombesin receptor (BnR) family, the lack of known endogenous ligands and high-resolution structure has hindered the understanding of BRS3 signaling and function. We present two cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of BRS3 in complex with the heterotrimeric Gq protein in its active states: one bound to the pan-BnR agonist BA1 and the other bound to the synthetic BRS3-specific agonist MK-5046. These structures reveal the architecture of the orthosteric ligand pocket underpinning molecular recognition and provide insights into the structural basis for BRS3's selectivity and low affinity for bombesin peptides. Examination of conserved micro-switches suggests a shared activation mechanism among BnRs. Our findings shed light on BRS3's ligand selectivity and signaling mechanisms, paving the way for exploring its therapeutic potential for diabetes, obesity, and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Youwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenxin Su
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Guangdong 510000, China; Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong 528400, China
| | - Xinheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingru Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinzhu Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - H Eric Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Wanchao Yin
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong 528400, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Guangdong 510000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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4
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Wu L, Huang F, Sun Z, Zhang J, Xia S, Zhao H, Liu Y, Yang L, Ding Y, Bian D, Li K, Sun Y. Downregulation of Iron-Sulfur Cluster Biogenesis May Contribute to Hyperglycemia-Mediated Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Murine Models. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:1036. [PMID: 39334695 PMCID: PMC11446412 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13091036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is considered one of the most common chronic complications of diabetes. Impairment of mitochondrial function is regarded as one of the causes. Iron-sulfur clusters are essential cofactors for numerous iron-sulfur (Fe-S)-containing proteins/enzymes, including mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I, II, and III and aconitase. METHODS To determine the impact of hyperglycemia on peripheral nerves, we used Schwann-like RSC96 cells and classical db/db mice to detect the expression of Fe-S-related proteins, mitochondrially enzymatic activities, and iron metabolism. Subsequently, we treated high-glucose-induced RSC96 cells and db/db mice with pioglitazone (PGZ), respectively, to evaluate the effects on Fe-S cluster biogenesis, mitochondrial function, and animal behavior. RESULTS We found that the core components of Fe-S biogenesis machinery, such as frataxin (Fxn) and scaffold protein IscU, significantly decreased in high-glucose-induced RSC96 cells and db/db mice, accompanied by compromised mitochondrial Fe-S-containing enzymatic activities, such as complex I and II and aconitase. Consequently, oxidative stress and inflammation increased. PGZ not only has antidiabetic effects but also increases the expression of Fxn and IscU to enhance mitochondrial function in RSC96 cells and db/db mice. Meanwhile, PGZ significantly alleviated sciatic nerve injury and improved peripheral neuronal behavior, accompanied by suppressed oxidative stress and inflammation in the sciatic nerve of the db/db mice. CONCLUSIONS Iron-sulfur cluster deficiency may contribute to hyperglycemia-mediated DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Endocrinology Department, Yancheng First People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - Zichen Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jinghua Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Siyu Xia
- Endocrinology Department, Yancheng First People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - Hongting Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yibing Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Dezhi Bian
- Endocrinology Department, Yancheng First People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - Kuanyu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Suqian Scientific Research Institute of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Suqian 223800, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Suqian Scientific Research Institute of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Suqian 223800, China
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Guo SS, Gong Y, Zhang TT, Su XY, Wu YJ, Yan YX, Cao Y, Song XL, Xie JC, Wu D, Jiang Q, Li Y, Zhao X, Zhu MX, Xu TL, Liu MG. A thalamic nucleus reuniens-lateral septum-lateral hypothalamus circuit for comorbid anxiety-like behaviors in chronic itch. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn6272. [PMID: 39150998 PMCID: PMC11328909 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn6272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
Chronic itch often clinically coexists with anxiety symptoms, creating a vicious cycle of itch-anxiety comorbidities that are difficult to treat. However, the neuronal circuit mechanisms underlying the comorbidity of anxiety in chronic itch remain elusive. Here, we report anxiety-like behaviors in mouse models of chronic itch and identify γ-aminobutyric acid-releasing (GABAergic) neurons in the lateral septum (LS) as the key player in chronic itch-induced anxiety. In addition, chronic itch is accompanied with enhanced activity and synaptic plasticity of excitatory projections from the thalamic nucleus reuniens (Re) onto LS GABAergic neurons. Selective chemogenetic inhibition of the Re → LS circuit notably alleviated chronic itch-induced anxiety, with no impact on anxiety induced by restraint stress. Last, GABAergic neurons in lateral hypothalamus (LH) receive monosynaptic inhibition from LS GABAergic neurons to mediate chronic itch-induced anxiety. These findings underscore the potential significance of the Re → LS → LH pathway in regulating anxiety-like comorbid symptoms associated with chronic itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Shan Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Songjiang Hospital and Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emotions and Affective Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yu Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Songjiang Hospital and Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emotions and Affective Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xin-Yu Su
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yan-Jiao Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Songjiang Hospital and Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emotions and Affective Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yi-Xiao Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yue Cao
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xing-Lei Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Songjiang Hospital and Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emotions and Affective Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jian-Cheng Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Songjiang Hospital and Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emotions and Affective Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Dehua Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Songjiang Hospital and Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emotions and Affective Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Songjiang Hospital and Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emotions and Affective Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Songjiang Hospital and Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emotions and Affective Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Michael X Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tian-Le Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Songjiang Hospital and Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emotions and Affective Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ming-Gang Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Institute of Mental Health and Drug Discovery, Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
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Wang C, Yang X, Gao T, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Li X, Yang Y, Yi T, Wang Y, Mi W. Astroglial morphological changes in periaqueductal grey in different pain and itch mice models. Behav Brain Res 2024; 471:115075. [PMID: 38815698 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The periaqueductal gray (PAG) plays a well-established pivotal role in the descending pain modulatory circuit. The objective of this study was to investigate morphological changes in the astroglia in models that are commonly used in pain and itch studies. METHODS Five different mouse models of pain, as well as two models of chronic itch, were established using complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), spared nerve injury (SNI), bone cancer pain (BCP), cisplatin (CIS), and paclitaxel (PTX) for pain, and diphenylcyclopropenone (DCP) and acetone and diethyl ether followed by water (AEW) for chronic itch. von Frey tests and video recordings were employed to assess pain and itching behaviors. The immunofluorescence of S100β, pSTAT3, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was examined. Two- and three-dimensional studies were used to evaluate changes in astrocyte morphology. RESULTS Significant scratching was caused by DCP and AEW, whereas the administration of CFA, SNI, BCP, CIS, and PTX produced clear mechanical allodynia. The expression of GFAP in the lPAG/vlPAG was upregulated in CFA, SNI, BCP, CIS, PTX, and DCP mice but decreased in AEW mice. According to Sholl analysis, CFA, SNI, PTX, and BCP mice showed substantially higher astrocyte intersections in the vlPAG, whereas CFA, SNI, BCP, CIS, and DCP mice presented longer peak lengths. In three-dimensional analysis, CFA, SNI, PTX, and DCP mice showed increased astrocyte surface areas, while CIS and AEW mice showed both reduced surface areas and/or volumes of astrocytes. CONCLUSION The findings showed that different pain and itching conditions have different astrocyte morphologies, and these variations in morphological changes help to explain the pathophysiology of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; College of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271016, China
| | - Xiaotong Yang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tianchi Gao
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuyu Zhao
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yayue Yang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaochen Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yachen Yang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ting Yi
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenli Mi
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Xie MX, Rao JH, Tian XY, Liu JK, Li X, Chen ZY, Cao Y, Chen AN, Shu HH, Zhang XL. ATF4 inhibits TRPV4 function and controls itch perception in rodents and nonhuman primates. Pain 2024; 165:1840-1859. [PMID: 38422489 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Acute and chronic itch are prevalent and incapacitating, yet the neural mechanisms underlying both acute and chronic itch are just starting to be unraveled. Activated transcription factor 4 (ATF4) belongs to the ATF/CREB transcription factor family and primarily participates in the regulation of gene transcription. Our previous study has demonstrated that ATF4 is expressed in sensory neurons. Nevertheless, the role of ATF4 in itch sensation remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that ATF4 plays a significant role in regulating itch sensation. The absence of ATF4 in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons enhances the itch sensitivity of mice. Overexpression of ATF4 in sensory neurons significantly alleviates the acute and chronic pruritus in mice. Furthermore, ATF4 interacts with the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4) and inhibits its function without altering the expression or membrane trafficking of TRPV4 in sensory neurons. In addition, interference with ATF4 increases the itch sensitivity in nonhuman primates and enhances TRPV4 currents in nonhuman primates DRG neurons; ATF4 and TRPV4 also co-expresses in human sensory neurons. Our data demonstrate that ATF4 controls pruritus by regulating TRPV4 signaling through a nontranscriptional mechanism and identifies a potential new strategy for the treatment of pathological pruritus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Xiu Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Hua Rao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Tian
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Kun Liu
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Zi-Yi Chen
- Zhongshan School of Medicine of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - An-Nan Chen
- Zhongshan School of Medicine of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Hua Shu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Long Zhang
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Xu JF, Liu L, Liu Y, Lu KX, Zhang J, Zhu YJ, Fang F, Dou YN. Spinal Nmur2-positive Neurons Play a Crucial Role in Mechanical Itch. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2024; 25:104504. [PMID: 38442838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2024.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The dorsal spinal cord is crucial for the transmission and modulation of multiple somatosensory modalities, such as itch, pain, and touch. Despite being essential for the well-being and survival of an individual, itch and pain, in their chronic forms, have increasingly been recognized as clinical problems. Although considerable progress has been made in our understanding of the neurochemical processing of nociceptive and chemical itch sensations, the neural substrate that is crucial for mechanical itch processing is still unclear. Here, using genetic and functional manipulation, we identified a population of spinal neurons expressing neuromedin U receptor 2 (Nmur2+) as critical elements for mechanical itch. We found that spinal Nmur2+ neurons are predominantly excitatory neurons, and are enriched in the superficial laminae of the dorsal horn. Pharmacogenetic activation of cervical spinal Nmur2+ neurons evoked scratching behavior. Conversely, the ablation of these neurons using a caspase-3-based method decreased von Frey filament-induced scratching behavior without affecting responses to other somatosensory modalities. Similarly, suppressing the excitability of cervical spinal Nmur2+ neurons via the overexpression of functional Kir2.1 potassium channels reduced scratching in response to innocuous mechanical stimuli, but not to pruritogen application. At the lumbar level, pharmacogenetic activation of these neurons evoked licking and lifting behaviors. However, ablating these neurons did not affect the behavior associated with acute pain. Thus, these results revealed the crucial role of spinal Nmur2+ neurons in mechanical itch. Our study provides important insights into the neural basis of mechanical itch, paving the way for developing novel therapies for chronic itch. PERSPECTIVE: Excitatory Nmur2+ neurons in the superficial dorsal spinal cord are essential for mechanical but not chemical itch information processing. These spinal Nmur2+ neurons represent a potential cellular target for future therapeutic interventions against chronic itch. Spinal and supraspinal Nmur2+ neurons may play different roles in pain signal processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Feng Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China; Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke-Xing Lu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan-Jing Zhu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Nong Dou
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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9
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Wang TT, Li ZY, Hu DD, Xu XY, Song NJ, Li GQ, Zhang L. Spinal histamine H4 receptor mediates chronic pruritus via p-ERK in acetone-ether-water (AEW)-induced dry skin mice. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15128. [PMID: 38973249 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Dry skin is common to many pruritic diseases and is difficult to improve with oral traditional antihistamines. Recently, increasing evidence indicated that histamine H4 receptor (H4R) plays an important role in the occurrence and development of pruritus. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation activation in the spinal cord mediates histamine-induced acute and choric itch. However, whether the histamine H4 receptor regulates ERK activation in the dry skin itch remains unclear. In the study, we explore the role of the histamine H4 receptor and p-ERK in the spinal cord in a dry skin mouse model induced by acetone-ether-water (AEW). q-PCR, Western blot, pharmacology and immunofluorescence were applied in the study. We established a dry skin itch model by repeated application of AEW on the nape of neck in mice. The AEW mice showed typically dry skin histological change and persistent spontaneous scratching behaviour. Histamine H4 receptor, instead of histamine H1 receptor, mediated spontaneous scratching behaviour in AEW mice. Moreover, c-Fos and p-ERK expression in the spinal cord neurons were increased and co-labelled with GRPR-positive neurons in AEW mice. Furthermore, H4R agonist 4-methyhistamine dihydrochloride (4-MH)induced itch. Both 4-MH-induced itch and the spontaneous itch in AEW mice were blocked by p-ERK inhibitor U0126. Finally, intrathecal H4R receptor antagonist JNJ7777120 inhibited spinal p-ERK expression in AEW mice. Our results indicated that spinal H4R mediates itch via ERK activation in the AEW-induced dry skin mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Wang
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Rehabilitation, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Sensory Neurobiology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Yang Li
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Rehabilitation, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Sensory Neurobiology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan-Dan Hu
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Rehabilitation, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Sensory Neurobiology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian-Yun Xu
- Laboratory of Sensory Neurobiology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning-Jing Song
- Department of Dermatology, Tongren Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang-Qiang Li
- Department of Pathology, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Rehabilitation, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Sensory Neurobiology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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10
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Zheng J, Zhang XM, Tang W, Li Y, Wang P, Jin J, Luo Z, Fang S, Yang S, Wei Z, Song K, Huang Z, Wang Z, Zhu Z, Shi N, Xiao D, Yuan L, Shen H, Huang L, Li B. An insular cortical circuit required for itch sensation and aversion. Curr Biol 2024; 34:1453-1468.e6. [PMID: 38484733 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Itch encompasses both sensory and emotional dimensions, with the two dimensions reciprocally exacerbating each other. However, whether a shared neural circuit mechanism governs both dimensions remains elusive. Here, we report that the anterior insular cortex (AIC) is activated by both histamine-dependent and -independent itch stimuli. The activation of AIC elicits aversive emotion and exacerbates pruritogen-induced itch sensation and aversion. Mechanistically, AIC excitatory neurons project to the GABAergic neurons in the dorsal bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (dBNST). Manipulating the activity of the AIC → dBNST pathway affects both itch sensation and itch-induced aversion. Our study discovers the shared neural circuit (AIC → dBNST pathway) underlying the itch sensation and aversion, highlights the critical role of the AIC as a central hub for the itch processing, and provides a framework to understand the neural mechanisms underlying the sensation and emotion interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyan Zheng
- Neuroscience Program, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Advanced Medical Technology Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiao Min Zhang
- Neuroscience Program, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Advanced Medical Technology Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wenting Tang
- Neuroscience Program, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Advanced Medical Technology Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yonglin Li
- Neuroscience Program, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Advanced Medical Technology Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Neuroscience Program, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Advanced Medical Technology Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jianhua Jin
- Neuroscience Program, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Advanced Medical Technology Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhengyi Luo
- Neuroscience Program, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Advanced Medical Technology Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shunchang Fang
- Neuroscience Program, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Advanced Medical Technology Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shana Yang
- Neuroscience Program, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Advanced Medical Technology Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zicheng Wei
- Neuroscience Program, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Advanced Medical Technology Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Kexin Song
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zihan Huang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ziyu Zhu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Naizhen Shi
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Diyun Xiao
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Linyu Yuan
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hualin Shen
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lianyan Huang
- Neuroscience Program, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Human Microbiome and Chronic Diseases (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510655, China.
| | - Boxing Li
- Neuroscience Program, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Advanced Medical Technology Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Human Microbiome and Chronic Diseases (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510655, China.
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11
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Li J, Wang L, Yin S, Yu S, Zhou Y, Lin X, Jiao Y, Yu W, Xia X, Yang L, Gao P. Emerging trends and hotspots of the itch research: A bibliometric and visualized analysis. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14514. [PMID: 37902196 PMCID: PMC11017449 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Itch, a common uncomfortable sensory experience, occurs frequently in inflammatory or allergic disorders. In recent years, with the discovery of itch-specific pathways in the peripheral and central nervous system, the association between immunology and neural pathways has gradually emerged as the main mechanism of itch. Although many studies have been conducted on itch, no bibliometric analysis study focusing on this topic has been conducted. This study aimed to explore the research hotspots and trends in the itch field from a bibliometric perspective. METHODS Publications relevant to itch, published from 2003 to 2022, were retrieved from the Science Citation Index-Expanded of Web of Science Core Collection. Publications were critically reviewed and analyzed with CiteSpace software, Vosviewer, and the bibliometric online analysis platform. Visual maps were conducted in terms of annual production, collaborating countries or institutions, productive authors, core journals, co-cited references, and keyword bursts. RESULTS 2395 articles on itch that met our criteria were identified and the quantity of publications has been increasing rapidly since 2012. The USA was the most influential country. University Hospital Münster was the institution with the most publications. Gil Yosipovitch was the most prolific author. Atopic dermatitis (AD), intradermal serotonin, chronic pruritus, mechanical itch, gastrin-releasing peptide, substance p, interleukin-31 receptor, histamine-induced itch, bile acid, scratching behavior, and h-4 receptor were the top 11 clusters in co-citation cluster analysis. Keyword burst analysis suggested that treatment, inflammation, and AD are current research hotspots. CONCLUSION Global publications on itch research have increased steadily and rapidly over the past 20 years. Inflammation and AD are current research hotspots. The neuroimmunological and neuroinflammatory mechanisms of itch, as well as clinical assessment methods and therapeutic targets, will be novel research directions in the future. This study provides guidance for further itch research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University)Ministry of EducationShanghaiChina
- Department of AnesthesiologyChaohu Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical UniversityChaohuAnhuiChina
| | - Liya Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original DiseaseShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Suqing Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University)Ministry of EducationShanghaiChina
| | - Shuangshuang Yu
- Department of DermatologyChaohu Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical UniversityChaohuAnhuiChina
| | - Yanyu Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University)Ministry of EducationShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoqi Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University)Ministry of EducationShanghaiChina
| | - Yingfu Jiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University)Ministry of EducationShanghaiChina
| | - Weifeng Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University)Ministry of EducationShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoqiong Xia
- Department of AnesthesiologyChaohu Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical UniversityChaohuAnhuiChina
| | - Liqun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University)Ministry of EducationShanghaiChina
| | - Po Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University)Ministry of EducationShanghaiChina
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12
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Chen Z, Wen D, Zhang Y, Chen J, Pan F, Zhang W, Zhou S, Wang F, Mu R. Pituitary transcriptome profile from laying period to incubation period of Changshun green-shell laying hens. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:309. [PMID: 38528494 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10233-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incubation behaviour, an instinct for natural breeding in poultry, is strictly controlled by the central nervous system and multiple neuroendocrine hormones and neurotransmitters, and is closely associated with the cessation of egg laying. Therefore, it is essential for the commercial poultry industry to clarify the molecular regulation mechanism of incubation behaviour. Here, we used high-throughput sequencing technology to examine the pituitary transcriptome of Changshun green-shell laying hen, a local breed from Guizhou province, China, with strong broodiness, in two reproductive stages, including egg-laying phase (LP) and incubation phase (BP). We also analyze the differences in gene expression during the transition from egg-laying to incubation, and identify critical pathways and candidate genes involved in controlling the incubation behaviour in the pituitary. RESULTS In this study, we demonstrated that a total of 2089 differently expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the pituitary, including 842 up-regulated and 1247 down-regulated genes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that steroid biosynthesis pathway and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction were significantly enriched based on DEGs commonly identified in pituitary. Further analysis revealed that SRC, ITGB4, ITGB3, PIK3R3 and DRD2 may play crucial roles in the regulation of incubation behaviour. CONCLUSIONS We identified 2089 DEGs and the key signaling pathways which may be closely correlated with incubation in Changshun green-shell laying hens, and clarified the molecular regulation mechanism of incubation behaviour. Our results indicate the complexity and variety of differences in reproductive behaviour of different chicken breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, 558000, Duyun, China.
- Qiannan Key Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology for Livestock and Poultry, 558000, Duyun, China.
| | - Di Wen
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, 558000, Duyun, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, 558000, Duyun, China
| | - Jiaying Chen
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, 558000, Duyun, China
| | - Fengqian Pan
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, 558000, Duyun, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, 558000, Duyun, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhou
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, 558000, Duyun, China
| | - Fen Wang
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, 558000, Duyun, China
| | - Ren Mu
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, 558000, Duyun, China.
- Qiannan Key Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology for Livestock and Poultry, 558000, Duyun, China.
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13
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Pei X, Li B, Xu X, Zhang H. Spinal Caspase-6 Contributes to Intrathecal Morphine-induced Acute Itch and Contact Dermatitis-induced Chronic Itch Through Regulating the Phosphorylation of Protein Kinase Mζ in Mice. Neuroscience 2024; 539:21-34. [PMID: 38176610 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Patients receiving neuraxial treatment with morphine for pain relief often experience a distressing pruritus. Neuroinflammation-mediated plasticity of sensory synapses in the spinal cord is critical for the development of pain and itch. Caspase-6, as an intracellular cysteine protease, is capable of inducing central nociceptive sensitization through regulating synaptic transmission and plasticity. Given the tight interaction between protein kinase Mζ (PKMζ) and excitatory synaptic plasticity, this pre-clinical study investigates whether caspase-6 contributes to morphine-induced itch and chronic itch via PKMζ. Intrathecal morphine and contact dermatitis were used to cause pruritus in mice. Morphine antinociception, itch-induced scratching behaviors, spinal activity of caspase-6, and phosphorylation of PKMζ and ERK were examined. Caspase-6 inhibitor Z-VEID-FMK, exogenous caspase-6 and PKMζ inhibitor ZIP were utilized to reveal the mechanisms and prevention of itch. Herein, we report that morphine induces significant scratching behaviors, which is accompanied by an increase in spinal caspase-6 cleavage and PKMζ phosphorylation (but not expression). Intrathecal injection of Z-VEID-FMK drastically reduces morphine-induced scratch bouts and spinal phosphorylation of PKMζ, without abolishing morphine analgesia. Moreover, intrathecal strategies of ZIP dose-dependently reduce morphine-induced itch-like behaviors. Spinal phosphorylation of ERK following neuraxial morphine is down-regulated by ZIP therapy. Recombinant caspase-6 directly exhibits scratching behaviors and spinal phosphorylation of ERK, which is compensated by PKMζ inhibition. Also, spinal inhibition of caspase-6 and PKMζ reduces the generation and maintenance of dermatitis-induced chronic itch. Together, these findings demonstrate that spinal caspase-6 modulation of PKMζ phosphorylation is important in the development of morphine-induced itch and dermatitis-induced itch in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxing Pei
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
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14
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Okutani H, Lo Vecchio S, Arendt-Nielsen L. Mechanisms and treatment of opioid-induced pruritus: Peripheral and central pathways. Eur J Pain 2024; 28:214-230. [PMID: 37650457 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.2180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Pruritus (also known as itch) is defined as an unpleasant and irritating sensation of the skin that provokes an urge to scratch or rub. It is well known that opioid administration can cause pruritus, which is paradoxical as itch and pain share overlapping sensory pathways. Because opioids inhibit pain but can cause itching. Significant progress has been made to improve our understanding of the fundamental neurobiology of itch; however, much remains unknown about the mechanisms of opioid-induced pruritus. The prevention and treatment of opioid-induced pruritus remains a challenge in the field of pain management. The objective of this narrative review is to present and discuss the current body of literature and summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying opioid-induced pruritus, and its relationship to analgesia, and possible treatment options. RESULTS The incidence of opioid-induced pruritus differs with different opioids and routes of administration, and the various mechanisms can be broadly divided into peripheral and central. Especially central mechanisms are intricate, even at the level of the spinal dorsal horn. There is evidence that opioid receptor antagonists and mixed agonist and antagonists, especially μ-opioid antagonists and κ-opioid agonists, are effective in relieving opioid-induced pruritus. Various treatments have been used for opioid-induced pruritus; however, most of them are controversial and have conflicting results. CONCLUSION The use of a multimodal analgesic treatment regimen combined with a mixed antagonist and κ agonists, especially μ-opioid antagonists, and κ-opioid agonists, seems to be the current best treatment modality for the management of opioid-induced pruritus and pain. SIGNIFICANCE Opioids remain the gold standard for the treatment of moderate to severe acute pain as well as cancer pain. It is well known that opioid-induced pruritus often does not respond to regular antipruritic treatment, thereby posing a challenge to clinicians in the field of pain management. We believe that our review makes a significant contribution to the literature, as studies on the mechanisms of opioid-induced pruritus and effective management strategies are crucial for the management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroai Okutani
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain, SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Silvia Lo Vecchio
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain, SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Lars Arendt-Nielsen
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain, SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark, Clinical Institute, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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15
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Go EJ, Lee JY, Kim YH, Park CK. Site-Specific Transient Receptor Potential Channel Mechanisms and Their Characteristics for Targeted Chronic Itch Treatment. Biomolecules 2024; 14:107. [PMID: 38254707 PMCID: PMC10813675 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic itch is a debilitating condition with limited treatment options, severely affecting quality of life. The identification of pruriceptors has sparked a growing interest in the therapeutic potential of TRP channels in the context of itch. In this regard, we provided a comprehensive overview of the site-specific expression of TRP channels and their associated functions in response to a range of pruritogens. Although several potent antipruritic compounds that target specific TRP channels have been developed and have demonstrated efficacy in various chronic itch conditions through experimental means, a more thorough understanding of the potential for adverse effects or interactions with other TRP channels or GPCRs is necessary to develop novel and selective therapeutics that target TRP channels for treating chronic itch. This review focuses on the mechanism of itch associated with TRP channels at specific sites, from the skin to the sensory neuron, with the aim of suggesting specific therapeutic targets for treating this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jin Go
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ji Yeon Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chul-Kyu Park
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea;
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16
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Dai D, Zhao T, Li Z, Li W, Chen A, Tang Y, Gao XF, Xiong L. The plasticity of neuropeptide Y-Y1 receptor system on Tac2 neurons contributes to mechanical hyperknesis during chronic itch. Theranostics 2024; 14:363-378. [PMID: 38164144 PMCID: PMC10750199 DOI: 10.7150/thno.89433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: In the physiological states, the act of scratching protects the person from harmful substances, while in certain pathological conditions, the patient suffers from chronic itch, both physically and mentally. Chronic itch sufferers are more sensitive to mechanical stimuli, and mechanical hyperknesis relief is essential for chronic itch treatment. While neuropeptide Y-Y1 receptor (NPY-Y1R) system is known to play a crucial role in modulating mechanical itch in physiological conditions, it is elusive how they are altered during chronic itch. We hypothesize that the negative regulatory effect of Y1Rs on Tac2 neurons, the key neurons that transmit mechanical itch, declines during chronic itch. Methods: We combined transgenic mice, chemogenetic manipulation, immunofluorescence, rabies virus circuit tracing, and electrophysiology to investigate the plasticity of Y1Rs on Tac2 neurons during chronic itch. Results: We found that Tac2 neurons receive direct input from Npy neurons and that inhibition of Npy neurons induces activation of Tac2 neurons. Moreover, the expression of Y1Rs on Tac2 neurons is reduced, and the regulatory effect is also reduced during chronic itch. Conclusion: Our study clarifies the plasticity of Y1Rs on Tac2 neurons during chronic itch and further elucidates the mechanism by which NPY-Y1R system is responsible for modulating mechanical itch. We highlight Y1Rs as a promising therapeutic target for mechanical hyperknesis during chronic itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqing Dai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.1481, Xinshi North Road, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Tiantian Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.1481, Xinshi North Road, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.1481, Xinshi North Road, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Wanrong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.1481, Xinshi North Road, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Aiwen Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.1481, Xinshi North Road, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Yali Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.1481, Xinshi North Road, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.1481, Xinshi North Road, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Lize Xiong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.1481, Xinshi North Road, Shanghai 200434, China
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 1279, Sanmen Road, Shanghai 200434, China
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17
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Quillet R, Gutierrez-Mecinas M, Polgár E, Dickie AC, Boyle KA, Watanabe M, Todd AJ. Synaptic circuits involving gastrin-releasing peptide receptor-expressing neurons in the dorsal horn of the mouse spinal cord. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1294994. [PMID: 38143564 PMCID: PMC10742631 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1294994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The superficial dorsal horn (SDH) of the spinal cord contains a diverse array of neurons. The vast majority of these are interneurons, most of which are glutamatergic. These can be assigned to several populations, one of which is defined by expression of gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR). The GRPR cells are thought to be "tertiary pruritoceptors," conveying itch information to lamina I projection neurons of the anterolateral system (ALS). Surprisingly, we recently found that GRPR-expressing neurons belong to a morphological class known as vertical cells, which are believed to transmit nociceptive information to lamina I ALS cells. Little is currently known about synaptic circuits engaged by the GRPR cells. Here we combine viral-mediated expression of PSD95-tagRFP fusion protein with super-resolution microscopy to reveal sources of excitatory input to GRPR cells. We find that they receive a relatively sparse input from peptidergic and non-peptidergic nociceptors in SDH, and a limited input from A- and C-low threshold mechanoreceptors on their ventral dendrites. They receive synapses from several excitatory interneuron populations, including those defined by expression of substance P, neuropeptide FF, cholecystokinin, neurokinin B, and neurotensin. We investigated downstream targets of GRPR cells by chemogenetically exciting them and identifying Fos-positive (activated) cells. In addition to lamina I projection neurons, many ALS cells in lateral lamina V and the lateral spinal nucleus were Fos-positive, suggesting that GRPR-expressing cells target a broader population of projection neurons than was previously recognised. Our findings indicate that GRPR cells receive a diverse synaptic input from various types of primary afferent and excitatory interneuron, and that they can activate ALS cells in both superficial and deep regions of the dorsal horn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaëlle Quillet
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Erika Polgár
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Allen C. Dickie
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kieran A. Boyle
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Andrew J. Todd
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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18
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Gao X, Yang Y, Zhu J, Zhang Y, Wang C, Wang Z, Mi W, Du L. Xanthotoxol relieves itch in mice via suppressing spinal GRP/GRPR signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 960:176147. [PMID: 37871763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Although pruritus, commonly known as itch, is a common and debilitating symptom associated with various skin conditions, there is a lack of effective therapies available. Xanthotoxol (XAN), a biologically active linear furocoumarin, shows potential in the treatment of various neurological disorders. In this study, we discovered that administering XAN either through intraperitoneal or intrathecal injections effectively reduced scratching behavior induced by compound 48/80 or chloroquine. Importantly, XAN also substantially alleviates chronic itch in dry skin and allergic contact dermatitis mice. Substantial progress has highlighted the crucial role of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP)-gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) signaling in the dorsal spinal cord in transmitting various types of itch. Our behavior tests revealed that XAN significantly alleviated scratching behaviors induced by intrathecal administration of GRP or GRPR agonist bombesin. Furthermore, XAN reduced the activation of neurons in the spinal cord caused by intrathecal administration of GRP in mice. Moreover, XAN attenuates the activation of spinal GRPR-positive neurons in itchy mice. These findings suggest that XAN mitigates itch in mice by suppressing spinal GRP/GRPR signaling, thereby establishing XAN as a promising therapeutic option for treating pruritus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Gao
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yayue Yang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jianyu Zhu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chenghao Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhifei Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Wenli Mi
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Lixia Du
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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19
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Yao J, Li X, Wu GY, Wu B, Long JH, Wang PJ, Liu SL, Gao J, Sui JF. The Anterior Insula and its Projection to the Prelimbic Cortex are Involved in the Regulation of 5-HT-Induced Itch. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:1807-1822. [PMID: 37553505 PMCID: PMC10661608 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01093-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Itch is an unpleasant sensation that urges people and animals to scratch. Neuroimaging studies on itch have yielded extensive correlations with diverse cortical and subcortical regions, including the insular lobe. However, the role and functional specificity of the insular cortex (IC) and its subdivisions in itch mediation remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and fiber photometry tests, that neurons in both the anterior insular cortex (AIC) and the posterior insular cortex (PIC) are activated during acute itch processes. Pharmacogenetic experiments revealed that nonselective inhibition of global AIC neurons, or selective inhibition of the activity of glutaminergic neurons in the AIC, reduced the scratching behaviors induced by intradermal injection of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), but not those induced by compound 48/80. However, both nonselective inhibition of global PIC neurons and selective inhibition of glutaminergic neurons in the PIC failed to affect the itching-scratching behaviors induced by either 5-HT or compound 48/80. In addition, pharmacogenetic inhibition of AIC glutaminergic neurons effectively blocked itch-associated conditioned place aversion behavior, and inhibition of AIC glutaminergic neurons projecting to the prelimbic cortex significantly suppressed 5-HT-evoked scratching. These findings provide preliminary evidence that the AIC is involved, at least partially via aversive emotion mediation, in the regulation of 5-HT-, but not compound 48/80-induced itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yao
- Experimental Center of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Experimental Center of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Guang-Yan Wu
- Experimental Center of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Experimental Center of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jun-Hui Long
- Department of Dermatology, The 958th Army Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, 400020, China
| | - Pu-Jun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The 958th Army Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, 400020, China
| | - Shu-Lei Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The 958th Army Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, 400020, China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical Centre of the PLA, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Jian-Feng Sui
- Experimental Center of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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20
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Takanami K, Kuroiwa M, Ishikawa R, Imai Y, Oishi A, Hashino M, Shimoda Y, Sakamoto H, Koide T. Function of gastrin-releasing peptide receptors in ocular itch transmission in the mouse trigeminal sensory system. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1280024. [PMID: 38098939 PMCID: PMC10719851 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1280024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of allergic conjunctivitis in itchy eyes has increased constantly worldwide owing to environmental pollution. Currently, anti-allergic and antihistaminic eye drops are used; however, there are many unknown aspects about the neural circuits that transmit itchy eyes. We focused on the gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) and GRP receptor (GRPR), which are reportedly involved in itch transmission in the spinal somatosensory system, to determine whether the GRP system is involved in itch neurotransmission of the eyes in the trigeminal sensory system. First, the instillation of itch mediators, such as histamine (His) and non-histaminergic itch mediator chloroquine (CQ), exhibited concentration-dependent high levels of eye scratching behavior, with a significant sex differences observed in the case of His. Histological analysis revealed that His and CQ significantly increased the neural activity of GRPR-expressing neurons in the caudal part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus of the medulla oblongata in GRPR transgenic mice. We administered a GRPR antagonist or bombesin-saporin to ablate GRPR-expressing neurons, followed by His or CQ instillation, and observed a decrease in CQ-induced eye-scratching behavior in the toxin experiments. Intracisternal administration of neuromedin C (NMC), a GRPR agonist, resulted in dose-dependent excessive facial scratching behavior, despite the absence of an itch stimulus on the face. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that non-histaminergic itchy eyes were transmitted centrally via GRPR-expressing neurons in the trigeminal sensory system, and that NMC in the medulla oblongata evoked facial itching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Takanami
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics (NIG), Mishima, Japan
- Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mishima, Japan
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Nara Women’s University, Nara, Japan
| | - Masaya Kuroiwa
- Department of Materials Science and Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Japan
| | - Ren Ishikawa
- Department of Materials Science and Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Japan
| | - Yuji Imai
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics (NIG), Mishima, Japan
- Technical Section, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Akane Oishi
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics (NIG), Mishima, Japan
- Technical Section, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Midori Hashino
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Nara Women’s University, Nara, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shimoda
- Department of Materials Science and Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Sakamoto
- Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science, and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Koide
- Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics (NIG), Mishima, Japan
- Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mishima, Japan
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21
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Sheahan TD, Warwick CA, Cui AY, Baranger DA, Perry VJ, Smith KM, Manalo AP, Nguyen EK, Koerber HR, Ross SE. Identification of a convergent spinal neuron population that encodes itch. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.29.560205. [PMID: 37873278 PMCID: PMC10592866 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.29.560205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Itch is a protective sensation that drives scratching. Although specific cell types have been proposed to underlie itch, the neural circuit basis for itch remains unclear. Here, we used two-photon Ca2+ imaging of the dorsal horn to visualize the neuronal populations that are activated by itch-inducing agents. We identify a convergent population of spinal neurons that is defined by the expression of GRPR. Moreover, we discover that itch is conveyed to the brain via GRPR-expressing spinal output neurons that target the lateral parabrachial nucleus. Further, we show that nalfurafine, a clinically effective kappa opioid receptor agonist, relieves itch by inhibiting GRPR spinoparabrachial neurons. Finally, we demonstrate that a subset of GRPR spinal neurons show persistent, cell-intrinsic Ca2+ oscillations. These experiments provide the first population-level view of the spinal neurons that respond to pruritic stimuli, pinpoint the output neurons that convey itch to the brain, and identify the cellular target of kappa opioid receptor agonists for the inhibition of itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayler D. Sheahan
- Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Co-first authors
| | - Charles A. Warwick
- Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Co-first authors
| | - Abby Y. Cui
- Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David A.A. Baranger
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis Missouri, USA
| | - Vijay J. Perry
- Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kelly M. Smith
- Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Current Address: Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, LTD, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Allison P. Manalo
- Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eileen K. Nguyen
- Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Current Address: Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - H. Richard Koerber
- Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarah E. Ross
- Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Lead contact
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22
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Serafin P, Kleczkowska P. Bombesins: A New Frontier in Hybrid Compound Development. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2597. [PMID: 38004575 PMCID: PMC10674911 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, bombesin (BN) and its analogs have attracted much attention as excellent anticancer agents because they interact with specific receptors widely distributed on the surface of various cancer cells. However, their biological properties proceed far beyond this, given a broad spectrum of activity. Bombesin receptor ligands are effective drugs for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis or gastrointestinal diseases. However, most diseases are complex, and the use of polytherapy may lead to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug-drug interactions, resulting in side effects. Therefore, there is a need to develop effective compounds that also contain BN or its analogs, which are combined with other structural entities, thus generating a so-called hybrid drug. Hybrid drugs that contain bombesin pharmacophore(s) may be proposed as a solution to the problem of polytherapy or the lack of an effective cure. Such structures have now demonstrated the desired efficacy, though information on these aforementioned compounds is relatively scarce. Therefore, our paper aims to encourage researchers to focus on bombesins. Herein, we indicate that the hybrid approach should also be firmly applied to bombesins and the BN receptor family. This paper's structure is divided into two main sections demonstrating bombesins and their properties, as well as recent data on bombesin-based hybrid compounds and their potential usefulness in medicine. Overall, it refers to the discovery and synthesis of modified bombesin-based hybrid compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Serafin
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Patrycja Kleczkowska
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland;
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie, Medical Academy in Warsaw, Solidarnosci 12 Str., 03-411 Warsaw, Poland
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23
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Miyahara Y, Funahashi H, Haruta-Tsukamoto A, Kogoh Y, Kanemaru-Kawazoe A, Hirano Y, Nishimori T, Ishida Y. Differential Contribution of 5-HT 4, 5-HT 5, and 5-HT 6 Receptors to Acute Pruriceptive Processing Induced by Chloroquine and Histamine in Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:1601-1608. [PMID: 37722878 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of serotonin (5-HT) and/or noradrenaline in acute pruriceptive processing in the central nervous system (CNS) has been reported using antidepressants, such as milnacipran, a serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, and mirtazapine, a noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant; however, the roles of 5-HT receptor family in acute pruriceptive processing have not been fully elucidated in the CNS. In the present study, scratching behavior induced by chloroquine (CQ) was ameliorated by milnacipran or mirtazapine, and these effects were reversed by SB207266, a 5-HT4 antagonist, or SB258585, a 5-HT6 antagonist, but not by SB258585, a 5-HT5 antagonist. Moreover, CQ-induced scratches were mitigated by intrathecal injection of 5-HT4 agonists, such as BIMU8 and ML10302, and the 5-HT6 agonist, WAY208466. Conversely, histamine-induced scratches were not affected by the 5-HT4 agonists or a 5-HT6 agonist. Similarly, the amelioration of histamine-induced scratches by these antidepressants was not reversed by the 5-HT4, 5-HT5, or 5-HT6 receptor antagonist. Therefore, 5-HT is involved in the amelioration of CQ-induced scratches by milnacipran and mirtazapine, and 5-HT4, 5-HT5, and 5-HT6 receptors play differential roles in acute pruriceptive processing after administration of CQ or histamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Miyahara
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki
| | - Hideki Funahashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki
| | | | - Yoichiro Kogoh
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki
| | | | - Yoji Hirano
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki
| | | | - Yasushi Ishida
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki
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24
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Haruta-Tsukamoto A, Kanemaru-Kawazoe A, Kogoh Y, Miyahara Y, Funahashi H, Hirano Y, Nishimori T, Ishida Y. Role of kainate receptors in pruriceptive processing in the mouse spinal cord. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 957:175998. [PMID: 37597648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Pruritus, including neuropathic and psychogenic pruritus, is an unpleasant feeling that causes a desire to scratch, which negatively impacts physical and psychological aspects of daily life. Nonetheless, little is known about the neural mechanisms involved in pruritus. Glutamate is a predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system and exerts its effects by binding to various glutamate receptors, including kainate (KA) receptors; however, the precise involvement of each glutamate receptor in pruriceptive processing remains unclear, particularly that of KA receptors. Therefore, the roles of KA receptors in histamine-dependent and -independent itch were investigated using CNQX, an AMPA/KA receptors antagonist, UBP310 and UBP302, antagonists of KA receptors, and small interfering (si)RNAs against KA receptor subunits in mice with acute and chronic pruritus. The effects of KA receptor antagonists on histamine-induced c-Fos expression in the spinal cord were also examined. The intrathecal administration of CNQX reduced the number of scratching events induced by histamine and chloroquine. On the other hand, UBP310 or UBP302 and the siRNAs of KA receptor subunits 1-3 significantly inhibited the induction of scratching events in mice treated with histamine, while no significant change was observed in the induction of spontaneous scratching events in mice with chronic pruritus. In addition, antagonists of KA receptors attenuated c-Fos expression in the superficial layers of the dorsal horn induced by histamine. These results indicate that KA receptors are involved in acute pruriceptive processing in the spinal cord induced by histamine, but not chloroquine or chronic itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Haruta-Tsukamoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki City, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan; Nozaki Hospital, 5567 Tsunehisa, Miyazaki City, Miyazaki, 880-0916, Japan.
| | - Anna Kanemaru-Kawazoe
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki City, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kogoh
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki City, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Yu Miyahara
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki City, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Hideki Funahashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki City, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Yoji Hirano
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki City, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Nishimori
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki City, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ishida
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki City, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
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Zhang Z, Shao H, Liu C, Song H, Wu X, Cao D, Zhu M, Fu Y, Wang J, Gao Y. Descending dopaminergic pathway facilitates itch signal processing via activating spinal GRPR + neurons. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56098. [PMID: 37522391 PMCID: PMC10561366 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202256098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A11 dopaminergic neurons regulate somatosensory transduction by projecting from the diencephalon to the spinal cord, but the function of this descending projection in itch remained elusive. Here, we report that dopaminergic projection neurons from the A11 nucleus to the spinal dorsal horn (dopaminergicA11-SDH ) are activated by pruritogens. Inhibition of these neurons alleviates itch-induced scratching behaviors. Furthermore, chemogenetic inhibition of spinal dopamine receptor D1-expressing (DRD1+ ) neurons decreases acute or chronic itch-induced scratching. Mechanistically, spinal DRD1+ neurons are excitatory and mostly co-localize with gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), an endogenous neuropeptide for itch. In addition, DRD1+ neurons form synapses with GRP receptor-expressing (GRPR+ ) neurons and activate these neurons via AMPA receptor (AMPAR). Finally, spontaneous itch and enhanced acute itch induced by activating spinal DRD1+ neurons are relieved by antagonists against AMPAR and GRPR. Thus, the descending dopaminergic pathway facilitates spinal itch transmission via activating DRD1+ neurons and releasing glutamate and GRP, which directly augments GRPR signaling. Interruption of this descending pathway may be used to treat chronic itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi‐Jun Zhang
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Co‐Innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityJiangsuChina
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of MedicineNantong UniversityJiangsuChina
| | - Han‐Yu Shao
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of MedicineNantong UniversityJiangsuChina
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of MedicineNantong UniversityJiangsuChina
| | - Hao‐Lin Song
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of MedicineNantong UniversityJiangsuChina
| | - Xiao‐Bo Wu
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Co‐Innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityJiangsuChina
| | - De‐Li Cao
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Co‐Innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityJiangsuChina
| | - Meixuan Zhu
- University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Yuan‐Yuan Fu
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Co‐Innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityJiangsuChina
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of MedicineNantong UniversityJiangsuChina
| | - Yong‐Jing Gao
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Co‐Innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityJiangsuChina
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26
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Yang YY, Du LX, Zhu JY, Yi T, Yang YC, Qiao Z, Maoying QL, Chu YX, Wang YQ, Mi WL. Antipruritic effects of geraniol on acute and chronic itch via modulating spinal GABA/GRPR signaling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 119:154969. [PMID: 37516088 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Itch (pruritus) is a common unpleasant feeling, often accompanied by the urge of scratching the skin. It is the main symptom of many systemic and skin diseases, which can seriously affect the patient's quality of life. Geraniol (GE; trans-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol) is a natural monoterpene with diverse effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-nociceptive, and anticancer properties. The study aims to examine the effects of GE on acute and chronic itch, and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Acute itch was investigated by using Chloroquine and compound 48/80 induced model, followed by manifestation of diphenylcyclopropenone (DCP)-induced allergic contact dermatitis and the acetone-ether-water (AEW)-induced dry skin model in mice. The scratching behavior, skin thickness, c-Fos expression, and GRPR protein expression in the spinal cord were subsequently monitored and evaluated by behavioral tests as well as pharmacological and pharmacogenetic technologies. RESULTS Dose-dependent intraperitoneal injection of GE alleviated the acute itch, induced by chloroquine and compound 48/80, as well as increased the spinal c-Fos expression. Intrathecal administration of GE suppressed the GABAA receptor inhibitor bicuculline-induced itch, GRP-induced itch, and the GABAergic neuron inhibition-induced itch. Furthermore, the subeffective dose of bicuculline blocked the anti-pruritic effect of GE on the chloroquine and compound 48/80 induced acute itch. GE also attenuated DCP and AEW-induced chronic itch, as well as the increase of spinal GRPR expression in DCP mice. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS GE alleviates both acute and chronic itch via modulating the spinal GABA/GRPR signaling in mice. Findings of this study reveal that GE may provide promising therapeutic options for itch management. Also, considering the pivotal role of essential oils in aromatherapy, GE has great application potential in aromatherapy for treating skin diseases, and especially the skin with severe pruritus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Yue Yang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Li-Xia Du
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian-Yu Zhu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ting Yi
- Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ya-Chen Yang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zheng Qiao
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qi-Liang Maoying
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu-Xia Chu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan-Qing Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wen-Li Mi
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Boyle KA, Polgar E, Gutierrez-Mecinas M, Dickie AC, Cooper AH, Bell AM, Jumolea E, Casas-Benito A, Watanabe M, Hughes DI, Weir GA, Riddell JS, Todd AJ. Neuropeptide Y-expressing dorsal horn inhibitory interneurons gate spinal pain and itch signalling. eLife 2023; 12:RP86633. [PMID: 37490401 PMCID: PMC10392120 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatosensory information is processed by a complex network of interneurons in the spinal dorsal horn. It has been reported that inhibitory interneurons that express neuropeptide Y (NPY), either permanently or during development, suppress mechanical itch, with no effect on pain. Here, we investigate the role of interneurons that continue to express NPY (NPY-INs) in the adult mouse spinal cord. We find that chemogenetic activation of NPY-INs reduces behaviours associated with acute pain and pruritogen-evoked itch, whereas silencing them causes exaggerated itch responses that depend on cells expressing the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor. As predicted by our previous studies, silencing of another population of inhibitory interneurons (those expressing dynorphin) also increases itch, but to a lesser extent. Importantly, NPY-IN activation also reduces behavioural signs of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. These results demonstrate that NPY-INs gate pain and itch transmission at the spinal level, and therefore represent a potential treatment target for pathological pain and itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran A Boyle
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Erika Polgar
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Gutierrez-Mecinas
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Allen C Dickie
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew H Cooper
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M Bell
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Evelline Jumolea
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Casas-Benito
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - David I Hughes
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory A Weir
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - John S Riddell
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Todd
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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28
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Goel C, Manjunath A, Kozel OA, Baskaran AB, Gibson W, Jones MR, Rosenow JM. Pruritus and urticaria induced by neurostimulation: A case report and review of literature. Surg Neurol Int 2023; 14:241. [PMID: 37560573 PMCID: PMC10408599 DOI: 10.25259/sni_1145_2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) consists of the implantation of neuromodulatory devices in the spinal cord to treat refractory neuropathic pain. Although SCS technology has been proven of immense clinical benefit, complications remain including refractory pain, infection risk, and electrode migration or displacement. Till date, there are minimal reports of allergic side effects following SCS implantation. CASE DESCRIPTION In the first case, a 36-year-old male with chronic axial and radicular neuropathic pain in underwent implantation of an open paddle lead and generator. Within 1-3 h of activating the SCS, he developed diffuse raised erythematous hives. Over time, the SCS had immense clinical benefit for his pain reduction; however, he continued to experience recurrent hives and various other allergic reactions including facial flushing and photosensitivity. Four years later, he ultimately opted to retain the device for its clinical pain benefits. In the second case, a 35-year-old female with acute, intractable bilateral occipital neuralgia and a past medical history of Type 1 Chiari Malformation status-post-posterior fossa decompression underwent implantation of an occipital nerve stimulator (ONS). At 1-month follow-up, she began to experience pruritus across the back of her head and along the subcutaneous course of the lead. At 8 months, she continued to experience persistent symptoms, ultimately opting for device removal. CONCLUSION Although allergic reactions to implanted neurostimulation systems are rare, and mechanisms not completely understood, existing studies posit multiple theories surrounding the pathophysiology of allergic reactions to these devices, such as delayed hypersensitivity reactions or contact dermatitis. Further research is needed to elucidate the cutaneous and immunologic side effects of SCS and ONS devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag Goel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Anusha Manjunath
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Olivia A. Kozel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brown University, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
| | | | - William Gibson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Michael R. Jones
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Joshua M. Rosenow
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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29
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Pandey M, Zhang JH, Adikaram PR, Kittock C, Lue N, Awe A, Degner K, Jacob N, Staples J, Thomas R, Kohnen AB, Ganesan S, Kabat J, Chen CK, Simonds WF. Specific regulation of mechanical nociception by Gβ5 involves GABA-B receptors. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e134685. [PMID: 37219953 PMCID: PMC10371342 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.134685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical, thermal, and chemical pain sensation is conveyed by primary nociceptors, a subset of sensory afferent neurons. The intracellular regulation of the primary nociceptive signal is an area of active study. We report here the discovery of a Gβ5-dependent regulatory pathway within mechanical nociceptors that restrains antinociceptive input from metabotropic GABA-B receptors. In mice with conditional knockout (cKO) of the gene that encodes Gβ5 (Gnb5) targeted to peripheral sensory neurons, we demonstrate the impairment of mechanical, thermal, and chemical nociception. We further report the specific loss of mechanical nociception in Rgs7-Cre+/- Gnb5fl/fl mice but not in Rgs9-Cre+/- Gnb5fl/fl mice, suggesting that Gβ5 might specifically regulate mechanical pain in regulator of G protein signaling 7-positive (Rgs7+) cells. Additionally, Gβ5-dependent and Rgs7-associated mechanical nociception is dependent upon GABA-B receptor signaling since both were abolished by treatment with a GABA-B receptor antagonist and since cKO of Gβ5 from sensory cells or from Rgs7+ cells potentiated the analgesic effects of GABA-B agonists. Following activation by the G protein-coupled receptor Mrgprd agonist β-alanine, enhanced sensitivity to inhibition by baclofen was observed in primary cultures of Rgs7+ sensory neurons harvested from Rgs7-Cre+/- Gnb5fl/fl mice. Taken together, these results suggest that the targeted inhibition of Gβ5 function in Rgs7+ sensory neurons might provide specific relief for mechanical allodynia, including that contributing to chronic neuropathic pain, without reliance on exogenous opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mritunjay Pandey
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jian-Hua Zhang
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Poorni R. Adikaram
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Claire Kittock
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicole Lue
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Adam Awe
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Katherine Degner
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nirmal Jacob
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jenna Staples
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rachel Thomas
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Allison B. Kohnen
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sundar Ganesan
- Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Juraj Kabat
- Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ching-Kang Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - William F. Simonds
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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30
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Misery L, Pierre O, Le Gall-Ianotto C, Lebonvallet N, Chernyshov PV, Le Garrec R, Talagas M. Basic mechanisms of itch. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:11-23. [PMID: 37201903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Pruritus (or itch) is an unpleasant sensation leading to a desire to scratch. In the epidermis, there are selective C or Aδ epidermal nerve endings that are pruriceptors. At their other ends, peripheral neurons form synapses with spinal neurons and interneurons. Many areas in the central nervous system are involved in itch processing. Although itch does not occur solely because of parasitic, allergic, or immunologic diseases, it is usually the consequence of neuroimmune interactions. Histamine is involved in a minority of itchy conditions, and many other mediators play a role: cytokines (eg, IL-4, IL-13, IL-31, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin), neurotransmitters (eg, substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, vasoactive intestinal peptide, neuropeptide Y, NBNP, endothelin 1, and gastrin-releasing peptide), and neurotrophins (eg, nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor). Moreover, ion channels such as voltage-gated sodium channels, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1, transient receptor ankyrin, and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M (melastatin) member 8 play a crucial role. The main markers of nonhistaminergic pruriceptors are PAR-2 and MrgprX2. A notable phenomenon is the sensitization to pruritus, in which regardless of the initial cause of pruritus, there is an increased responsiveness of peripheral and central pruriceptive neurons to their normal or subthreshold afferent input in the context of chronic itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Misery
- Laboratoire Interactions Neurones-Keratinocytes (LINK), University of Brest, Brest, France; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France.
| | - Ophélie Pierre
- Laboratoire Interactions Neurones-Keratinocytes (LINK), University of Brest, Brest, France
| | - Christelle Le Gall-Ianotto
- Laboratoire Interactions Neurones-Keratinocytes (LINK), University of Brest, Brest, France; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
| | - Nicolas Lebonvallet
- Laboratoire Interactions Neurones-Keratinocytes (LINK), University of Brest, Brest, France
| | - Pavel V Chernyshov
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National Medical University, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Raphaële Le Garrec
- Laboratoire Interactions Neurones-Keratinocytes (LINK), University of Brest, Brest, France
| | - Matthieu Talagas
- Laboratoire Interactions Neurones-Keratinocytes (LINK), University of Brest, Brest, France; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
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31
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Imai N. Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology of Circadian and Circannual Rhythms in Migraine: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10092. [PMID: 37373239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Migraine-a primary headache-has circadian and circannual rhythms in the onset of attacks. The circadian and circannual rhythms involve the hypothalamus, which is strongly associated with pain processing in migraines. Moreover, the role of melatonin in circadian rhythms has been implied in the pathophysiology of migraines. However, the prophylactic effect of melatonin in migraines is controversial. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has recently attracted attention in the pathophysiology and treatment of migraines. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP)-a neuropeptide identical to CGRP-is a potential therapeutic target after CGRP. PACAP is involved in the regulation of circadian entrainment to light. This review provides an overview of circadian and circannual rhythms in the hypothalamus and describes the relationship between migraines and the molecular and cellular neurobiology of circadian and circannual rhythms. Furthermore, the potential clinical applications of PACAP are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Imai
- Department of Neurology and Headache Center, Japanese Red Cross Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka 420-0853, Japan
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32
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Ren X, Liu S, Virlogeux A, Kang SJ, Brusch J, Liu Y, Dymecki SM, Han S, Goulding M, Acton D. Identification of an essential spinoparabrachial pathway for mechanical itch. Neuron 2023; 111:1812-1829.e6. [PMID: 37023756 PMCID: PMC10446756 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The sensation of itch is a protective response that is elicited by either mechanical or chemical stimuli. The neural pathways for itch transmission in the skin and spinal cord have been characterized previously, but the ascending pathways that transmit sensory information to the brain to evoke itch perception have not been identified. Here, we show that spinoparabrachial neurons co-expressing Calcrl and Lbx1 are essential for generating scratching responses to mechanical itch stimuli. Moreover, we find that mechanical and chemical itch are transmitted by separate ascending pathways to the parabrachial nucleus, where they engage separate populations of FoxP2PBN neurons to drive scratching behavior. In addition to revealing the architecture of the itch transmission circuitry required for protective scratching in healthy animals, we identify the cellular mechanisms underlying pathological itch by showing the ascending pathways for mechanical and chemical itch function cooperatively with the FoxP2PBN neurons to drive chronic itch and hyperknesis/alloknesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Ren
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Biology Graduate Program, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shijia Liu
- Peptide Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Biology Graduate Program, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Amandine Virlogeux
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sukjae J Kang
- Peptide Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jeremy Brusch
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- NIDCR, National Institute of Health, 35A Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Susan M Dymecki
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sung Han
- Peptide Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Martyn Goulding
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - David Acton
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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33
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Furutani K, Chen O, McGinnis A, Wang Y, Serhan CN, Hansen TV, Ji RR. Novel proresolving lipid mediator mimetic 3-oxa-PD1n-3 docosapentaenoic acid reduces acute and chronic itch by modulating excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission and astroglial secretion of lipocalin-2 in mice. Pain 2023; 164:1340-1354. [PMID: 36378290 PMCID: PMC10182233 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) have demonstrated potent analgesic actions in animal models of pathological pain. The actions of SPMs in acute and chronic itch are currently unknown. Recently, n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) was found to be a substrate for the biosynthesis of several novel families of SPMs and 3-oxa-PD1 n-3 DPA (3-oxa-PD1) is an oxidation-resistant metabolic stable analogue of the n-3 DPA-derived protectin D1 (PD1). In this article, we demonstrate that 3-oxa-PD1 effectively reduces both acute and chronic itch in mouse models. Intrathecal injection of 3-oxa-PD1 (100 ng) reduced acute itch induced by histamine, chloroquine, or morphine. Furthermore, intrathecal 3-oxa-PD1 effectively reduced chronic itch, induced by cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), allergic contact dermatitis with dinitrofluorobenzene, and psoriasis by imiquimod. Intratumoral injection of 3-oxa-PD1 also suppressed CTCL-induced chronic itch. Strikingly, the antipruritic effect lasted for several weeks after 1-week intrathecal 3-oxa-PD1 treatment. Whole-cell recordings revealed significant increase in excitatory postsynaptic currents in spinal dorsal horn (SDH) neurons of CTCL mice, but this increase was blocked by 3-oxa-PD1. 3-oxa-PD1 further increased inhibitory postsynaptic currents in SDH neurons of CTCL mice. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma increased the spinal levels of lipocalin-2 (LCN2), an itch mediator produced by astrocytes. 3-oxa-PD1 suppressed LCN2 production in CTCL mice and LCN2 secretion in astrocytes. Finally, CTCL-induced anxiety was alleviated by intrathecal 3-oxa-PD1. Our findings suggest that 3-oxa-PD1 potently inhibits acute and chronic itch through the regulation of excitatory or inhibitory synaptic transmission and astroglial LCN2 production. Therefore, stable SPM analogs such as 3-oxa-PD1 could be useful to treat pruritus associated with different skin injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Furutani
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Ouyang Chen
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Aidan McGinnis
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115
| | - Trond Vidar Hansen
- Department of Pharmacy, Section for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1068 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
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Pan Q, Guo SS, Chen M, Su XY, Gao ZL, Wang Q, Xu TL, Liu MG, Hu J. Representation and control of pain and itch by distinct prefrontal neural ensembles. Neuron 2023:S0896-6273(23)00342-2. [PMID: 37224813 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Pain and itch are two closely related but essentially distinct sensations that elicit different behavioral responses. However, it remains mysterious how pain and itch information is encoded in the brain to produce differential perceptions. Here, we report that nociceptive and pruriceptive signals are separately represented and processed by distinct neural ensembles in the prelimbic (PL) subdivision of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in mice. Pain- and itch-responsive cortical neural ensembles were found to significantly differ in electrophysiological properties, input-output connectivity profiles, and activity patterns to nociceptive or pruriceptive stimuli. Moreover, these two groups of cortical neural ensembles oppositely modulate pain- or itch-related sensory and emotional behaviors through their preferential projections to specific downstream regions such as the mediodorsal thalamus (MD) and basolateral amygdala (BLA). These findings uncover separate representations of pain and itch by distinct prefrontal neural ensembles and provide a new framework for understanding somatosensory information processing in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Pan
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Su-Shan Guo
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ming Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xin-Yu Su
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zi-Long Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Tian-Le Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Songjiang Hospital and Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China; Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Ming-Gang Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Ji Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200030, China.
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Li N, Wang C, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Gao T, Yu Y, Wang G, Zhang L. STING controls opioid-induced itch and chronic itch via spinal tank-binding kinase 1-dependent type I interferon response in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:101. [PMID: 37122031 PMCID: PMC10150483 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02783-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients receiving epidural or intrathecal opioids administration for neuraxial analgesia frequently suffer from an irritating itch. STING (stimulator of interferon genes), an innate immune modulator, is strongly implicated in pain pathogenesis via neuron-immune modulation. Given that pain and itch share some common neurocircuits, we evaluate the therapeutic potential of STING agonists in opioid-induced itch and chronic itch. METHODS Opioids (morphine, fentanyl and sufentanil) were intrathecally injected to induce acute itch. Chronic itch was induced by dry skin and contact dermatitis. Opioids analgesic effect, itch-induced scratching behavior, spinal expression of STING, phosphorylation of TBK1 (tank-binding kinase 1), IRF3 (interferon regulatory factor-3) and ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase), as well as production of IFN-α and IFN-β were examined. STING agonists (DMXAA and ADU-S100), TBK1 inhibitor, recombinant IFN-α and IFN-β elucidated the mechanism and treatment of itch. Whole-brain functional connectivity was evaluated using resting-state fMRI. RESULTS We report the primary expression of STING protein by the spinal dorsal horn neurons. Intraperitoneal injection of DMXAA dose-dependently reduces morphine-induced scratch bouts, without impairing morphine antinociception. Simultaneously, DMXAA alleviates fentanyl- and sufentanil-induced itching-like behavior, and chronic scratching behavior caused by dry skin and contact dermatitis. Furthermore, DMXAA drastically increases spinal phosphorylation of TBK1 and IRF3 following morphine exposure, dry skin and contact dermatitis. DMXAA-induced anti-pruritus effects and spinal productions of IFN-α and IFN-β are compensated by intrathecal delivery of the TBK1 inhibitor. Also, ADU-S100, recombinant IFN-α and IFN-β exhibits remarkable attenuation in scratching behaviors after morphine injection and dermatitis. Recombinant IFN-α inhibits morphine-induced spinal phosphorylation of ERK. Finally, DMXAA prevents dermatitis-induced the increase of cerebral functional connectivity between regions of interests such as primary somatosensory cortex, piriform cortex, retrosplenial cortex, colliculus and ventral thalamus. CONCLUSIONS STING activation confers protection against opioid-induced itch and chronic itch through spinal up-regulation of TBK1-IRF3-type I interferon cascades in mice, suggesting that STING agonists are promising candidates in translational development for pruritus relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
- Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
- Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yuying Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
- Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yigang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
- Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Tianyu Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
- Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yonghao Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
- Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Guolin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
- Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
- Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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Takanami K, Morishita M, Sakamoto T, Sakamoto H. Chronic corticosterone exposure evokes itch hypersensitivity and sexual dysfunction in male rats: relationship between the two distinct gastrin-releasing peptide systems in the spinal cord. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 339:114289. [PMID: 37094615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
In today's society, people are subjected to many social stressors, and excessive chronic stress causes functional disruption of the neuroendocrine system and many diseases. Although the exacerbation of atopic dermatitis with symptoms of itching and erectile dysfunction is induced by chronic stress, the details of the mechanisms are unknown. Here, we examined the effects of chronic stress on itch sensation and male sexual function at the behavioral and molecular levels, focusing on two distinct gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) systems that independently regulate itch transmission, i.e., the somatosensory GRP system, and male sexual function, i.e., the lumbosacral autonomic GRP system, in the spinal cord. In a rat model of chronic stress induced by chronic corticosterone (CORT) administration, we observed increased plasma CORT concentrations, decreased body weight, and increased anxiety-like behavior, similar to that observed in humans. Chronic CORT exposure induced hypersensitivity to itch and increased the Grp mRNA level in the spinal somatosensory system, but there was no change in pain or tactile sensitivity. Antagonists of the somatosensory GRP receptor, an itch-specific mediator, suppressed itch hypersensitivity induced by chronic CORT exposure. In contrast, chronic CORT exposure decreased male sexual behavior, ejaculated semen volume, vesicular gland weight, and plasma testosterone levels. However, there were no effects on the expression of Grp mRNA or protein in the lumbosacral autonomic GRP system, which regulates male sexual function. In summary, chronic stress model rats showed itch hypersensitivity and impaired sexual function in males, and the involvement of the spinal GRP systems was apparent in itch hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Takanami
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Ushimado, Setouchi, Okayama 701-4303, Japan; Mouse Genomics Resources Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan; Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Nara Women's University, Kitauoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Makoto Morishita
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Ushimado, Setouchi, Okayama 701-4303, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sakamoto
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Ushimado, Setouchi, Okayama 701-4303, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Sakamoto
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Ushimado, Setouchi, Okayama 701-4303, Japan
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Long JH, Wang PJ, Li ZF, Yao J, Li X, Wu B, Sui JF, Liao J, Wang P, Li XF, Liu SL. Dysgranular retrosplenial cortex modulates histaminergic and nonhistaminergic itch processing. Behav Brain Res 2023; 443:114306. [PMID: 36682500 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Itch is an unpleasant sensation followed by an intense desire to scratch. Previous researches have advanced our understanding about the role of anterior cingulate cortex and prelimbic cortex in itch modulation, whereas little is known about the effects of retrosplenial cortex (RSC) during this process. Here we firstly confirmed that the neuronal activity of dysgranular RSC (RSCd) is significantly elevated during itch-scratching processing through c-Fos immunohistochemistry and fiber photometry recording. Then with designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs approaches, we found that pharmacogenetic inhibition of global RSCd neurons attenuated the number of scratching bouts as well as the cumulative duration of scratching bouts elicited by both 5-HT or compound 48/80 injection into rats' nape or cheek; selective inhibition of the pyramidal neurons in RSCd, or of the excitatory projections from caudal anterior cingulate cortex (cACC) to RSCd, demonstrated the similar effects of decreasing itch-related scratching induced by both 5-HT or compound 48/80. Pharmacogenetic intervention of the neuronal or circuitry activities did not affect rats' motor ability. This study presents direct evidence that pyramidal neurons in RSCd, and the excitatory projection from cACC to RSCd are critically involved in central regulation of both histaminergic and nonhistaminergic itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hui Long
- Department of Dermatology, The 958th Army Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, China
| | - Pu-Jun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The 958th Army Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, China
| | - Zhi-Fang Li
- Department of Foreign Languages, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Juan Yao
- Experimental Center of Basic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Experimental Center of Basic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Experimental Center of Basic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jian-Feng Sui
- Experimental Center of Basic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jun Liao
- Department of Dermatology, The 958th Army Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The 958th Army Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Department of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China.
| | - Shu-Lei Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The 958th Army Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, China.
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38
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Quillet R, Dickie AC, Polgár E, Gutierrez-Mecinas M, Bell AM, Goffin L, Watanabe M, Todd AJ. Characterisation of NPFF-expressing neurons in the superficial dorsal horn of the mouse spinal cord. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5891. [PMID: 37041197 PMCID: PMC10090074 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32720-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Excitatory interneurons in the superficial dorsal horn (SDH) are heterogeneous, and include a class known as vertical cells, which convey information to lamina I projection neurons. We recently used pro-NPFF antibody to reveal a discrete population of excitatory interneurons that express neuropeptide FF (NPFF). Here, we generated a new mouse line (NPFFCre) in which Cre is knocked into the Npff locus, and used Cre-dependent viruses and reporter mice to characterise NPFF cell properties. Both viral and reporter strategies labelled many cells in the SDH, and captured most pro-NPFF-immunoreactive neurons (75-80%). However, the majority of labelled cells lacked pro-NPFF, and we found considerable overlap with a population of neurons that express the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR). Morphological reconstruction revealed that most pro-NPFF-containing neurons were vertical cells, but these differed from GRPR neurons (which are also vertical cells) in having a far higher dendritic spine density. Electrophysiological recording showed that NPFF cells also differed from GRPR cells in having a higher frequency of miniature EPSCs, being more electrically excitable and responding to a NPY Y1 receptor agonist. Together, these findings indicate that there are at least two distinct classes of vertical cells, which may have differing roles in somatosensory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaëlle Quillet
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, Sir James Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Allen C Dickie
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, Sir James Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Erika Polgár
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, Sir James Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Maria Gutierrez-Mecinas
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, Sir James Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Andrew M Bell
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, Sir James Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Luca Goffin
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, Sir James Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Andrew J Todd
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, Sir James Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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Tang Y, Li N, Ye L, Yang F, Huang S, Peng Z, Xie J, Wan L. Nalbuphine attenuates morphine‐induced scratching by inhibiting
PKCβ
‐dependent microglial activation and p38 phosphorylation in male mice. J Neurosci Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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40
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Sun HL, Ma QY, Bian HG, Meng XM, Jin J. Novel insight on GRP/GRPR axis in diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114497. [PMID: 36933382 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), a member of the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), binds to ligands such as gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) and plays a variety of biological roles. GRP/GRPR signalling is involved in the pathophysiological processes of many diseases, including inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases, and various cancers. In the immune system, the unique function of GRP/GRPR in neutrophil chemotaxis suggests that GRPR can be directly stimulated through GRP-mediated neutrophils to activate selective signalling pathways, such as PI3K, PKC, and MAPK, and participate in the occurrence and development of inflammation-related diseases. In the cardiovascular system, GRP increases intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and induces vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). GRP activates ERK1/2, MAPK, and AKT, leading to cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction. Central nervous system signal transduction mediated by the GRP/GRPR axis plays a vital role in emotional responses, social interaction, and memory. The GRP/GRPR axis is elevated in various cancers, including lung, cervical, colorectal, renal cell, and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. GRP is a mitogen in a variety of tumour cell lines. Its precursor, pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP), may play an important role as an emerging tumour marker in early tumour diagnosis. GPCRs serve as therapeutic targets for drug development, but their function in each disease remains unclear, and their involvement in disease progression has not been well explored or summarised. This review lays out the above mentioned pathophysiological processes based on previous research conclusions. The GRP/GRPR axis may be a potential target for treating multiple diseases, and the study of this signalling axis is particularly important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Lu Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Qiu-Ying Ma
- Department of pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, No. 100 Huaihai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - He-Ge Bian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Meng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Juan Jin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China.
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Koumaki D, Gregoriou S, Evangelou G, Krasagakis K. Pruritogenic Mediators and New Antipruritic Drugs in Atopic Dermatitis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:2091. [PMID: 36983094 PMCID: PMC10054239 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common highly pruritic chronic inflammatory skin disorder affecting 5-20% of children worldwide, while the prevalence in adults varies from 7 to 10%. Patients with AD experience intense pruritus that could lead to sleep disturbance and impaired quality of life. Here, we analyze the pathophysiology of itchiness in AD. We extensively review the histamine-dependent and histamine-independent pruritogens. Several receptors, substance P, secreted molecules, chemokines, and cytokines are involved as mediators in chronic itch. We also, summarize the new emerging antipruritic drugs in atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Koumaki
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Stamatios Gregoriou
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Andreas Sygros Hospital, Medical School of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 16121 Athens, Greece
| | - George Evangelou
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
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Chen O, He Q, Han Q, Furutani K, Gu Y, Olexa M, Ji RR. Mechanisms and treatments of neuropathic itch in a mouse model of lymphoma. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:160807. [PMID: 36520531 PMCID: PMC9927942 DOI: 10.1172/jci160807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of neuropathic itch is limited due to a lack of relevant animal models. Patients with cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) experience severe itching. Here, we characterize a mouse model of chronic itch with remarkable lymphoma growth, immune cell accumulation, and persistent pruritus. Intradermal CTCL inoculation produced time-dependent changes in nerve innervations in lymphoma-bearing skin. In the early phase (20 days), CTCL caused hyperinnervations in the epidermis. However, chronic itch was associated with loss of epidermal nerve fibers in the late phases (40 and 60 days). CTCL was also characterized by marked nerve innervations in mouse lymphoma. Blockade of C-fibers reduced pruritus at early and late phases, whereas blockade of A-fibers only suppressed late-phase itch. Intrathecal (i.t.) gabapentin injection reduced late-phase, but not early-phase, pruritus. IL-31 was upregulated in mouse lymphoma, whereas its receptor Il31ra was persistently upregulated in Trpv1-expressing sensory neurons in mice with CTCL. Intratumoral anti-IL-31 treatment effectively suppressed CTCL-induced scratching and alloknesis (mechanical itch). Finally, i.t. administration of a TLR4 antagonist attenuated pruritus in early and late phases and in both sexes. Collectively, we have established a mouse model of neuropathic and cancer itch with relevance to human disease. Our findings also suggest distinct mechanisms underlying acute, chronic, and neuropathic itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouyang Chen
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology,,Department of Cell Biology, and
| | - Qianru He
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology
| | - Qingjian Han
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology
| | - Kenta Furutani
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology
| | - Yun Gu
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology
| | - Madelynne Olexa
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology,,Department of Cell Biology, and,Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Structures of human gastrin-releasing peptide receptors bound to antagonist and agonist for cancer and itch therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2216230120. [PMID: 36724251 PMCID: PMC9963752 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2216230120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrin releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), a member of the bombesin (BBN) G protein-coupled receptors, is aberrantly overexpressed in several malignant tumors, including those of the breast, prostate, pancreas, lung, and central nervous system. Additionally, it also mediates non-histaminergic itch and pathological itch conditions in mice. Thus, GRPR could be an attractive target for cancer and itch therapy. Here, we report the inactive state crystal structure of human GRPR in complex with the non-peptide antagonist PD176252, as well as two active state cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of GRPR bound to the endogenous peptide agonist gastrin-releasing peptide and the synthetic BBN analog [D-Phe6, β-Ala11, Phe13, Nle14] Bn (6-14), in complex with Gq heterotrimers. These structures revealed the molecular mechanisms for the ligand binding, receptor activation, and Gq proteins signaling of GRPR, which are expected to accelerate the structure-based design of GRPR antagonists and agonists for the treatments of cancer and pruritus.
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Hage A, Knoeri J, Leveziel L, Majoulet A, Buffault J, Labbé A, Baudouin C. [From ocular itching to eye rubbing: a review of the literature]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2023; 46:173-184. [PMID: 36635208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ocular itching and eye rubbing are frequent complaints in an ophthalmology practice. Numerous studies address the consequences of eye rubbing, such as keratoconus. However, there are few studies concerning the pathophysiology of itching, its transmission pathways, or its interactions with eye rubbing. Through this literature review, we will address the various clinical, physiological and therapeutic aspects of this pair of symptoms with a variety of ocular consequences. We will then describe the state of the art in itching and scratching in dermatology, in order to draw a parallel between these two vicious cycles. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of ocular itching and eye rubbing, as well as new studies based on dermatological data, might allow more appropriate clinical management of our patients and their symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hage
- Department of Ophthalmology III, National Hospital Centre for Ophthalmology Quinze-Vingts, IHU FOReSIGHT, Service 3-Pr Christophe Baudouin, 28, rue de Charenton, 75012, Paris, France.
| | - J Knoeri
- Department of Ophthalmology V, NATIONAL Hospital Centre for Ophthalmology Quinze-Vingts, IHU FOReSIGHT, 28, rue de Charenton, 75012, Paris, France
| | - L Leveziel
- Department of Ophthalmology V, NATIONAL Hospital Centre for Ophthalmology Quinze-Vingts, IHU FOReSIGHT, 28, rue de Charenton, 75012, Paris, France
| | - A Majoulet
- Department of Ophthalmology III, National Hospital Centre for Ophthalmology Quinze-Vingts, IHU FOReSIGHT, Service 3-Pr Christophe Baudouin, 28, rue de Charenton, 75012, Paris, France
| | - J Buffault
- Department of Ophthalmology III, National Hospital Centre for Ophthalmology Quinze-Vingts, IHU FOReSIGHT, Service 3-Pr Christophe Baudouin, 28, rue de Charenton, 75012, Paris, France
| | - A Labbé
- Department of Ophthalmology III, National Hospital Centre for Ophthalmology Quinze-Vingts, IHU FOReSIGHT, Service 3-Pr Christophe Baudouin, 28, rue de Charenton, 75012, Paris, France; Department of Ophthalmology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, AP-HP, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvellines, 9, avenue Charles de Gaulle, 92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France; Sorbonne Université, inserm, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17, rue Moreau, 75012, Paris, France
| | - C Baudouin
- Department of Ophthalmology III, National Hospital Centre for Ophthalmology Quinze-Vingts, IHU FOReSIGHT, Service 3-Pr Christophe Baudouin, 28, rue de Charenton, 75012, Paris, France; Department of Ophthalmology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, AP-HP, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvellines, 9, avenue Charles de Gaulle, 92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France; Sorbonne Université, inserm, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17, rue Moreau, 75012, Paris, France
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Smith KM, Nguyen E, Ross SE. The Delta-Opioid Receptor Bidirectionally Modulates Itch. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2023; 24:264-272. [PMID: 36464136 PMCID: PMC10866011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2022.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Opioid signaling has been shown to be critically important in the neuromodulation of sensory circuits in the superficial spinal cord. Agonists of the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) elicit itch, whereas agonists of the kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) have been shown to inhibit itch. Despite the clear roles of MOR and KOR for the modulation itch, whether the delta-opioid receptor (DOR) is involved in the regulation of itch remained unknown. Here, we show that intrathecal administration of DOR agonists suppresses chemical itch and that intrathecal application of DOR antagonists is sufficient to evoke itch. We identify that spinal enkephalin neurons co-express neuropeptide Y (NPY), a peptide previously implicated in the inhibition of itch. In the spinal cord, DOR overlapped with both the NPY receptor (NPY1R) and KOR, suggesting that DOR neurons represent a site for convergent itch information in the dorsal horn. Lastly, we found that neurons co-expressing DOR and KOR showed significant Fos induction following pruritogen-evoked itch. These results uncover a role for DOR in the modulation of itch in the superficial dorsal horn. PERSPECTIVE: This article reveals the role of the delta-opioid receptor in itch. Intrathecal administration of delta agonists suppresses itch whereas the administration of delta antagonists is sufficient to induce itch. These studies highlight the importance of delta-opioid signaling for the modulation of itch behaviors, which may represent new targets for the management of itch disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Smith
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology,Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Eileen Nguyen
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology,Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Medical Scientist Training Program, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah E Ross
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology,Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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Shiratori-Hayashi M, Tsuda M. IP 3R1-dependent astrocyte calcium signaling in chronic itch. Neurosci Res 2023; 187:40-44. [PMID: 36181909 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes, the most abundant type of glial cell, are electrically non-excitable cells that use intracellular calcium (Ca2+) for functional regulation. Changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration play important roles in the central nervous system (CNS), as they are involved in the release of gliotransmitters and the control of extracellular ion concentrations, thereby affecting the regulation of neuronal excitability, CNS homeostasis, and behavior. Intracellular calcium mobilization in astrocytes is known to be mediated via inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs), particularly IP3R2, and its association with CNS pathogenesis has been widely reported. In addition, the existence of IP3R2-independent calcium signaling has recently been postulated; however, the detailed mechanisms and its role in astrocyte functions and CNS pathogenesis are still poorly understood. In this paper, we describe the putative mechanisms underlying IP3R1-dependent calcium signaling in astrocytes and its effects on the reactive state, compare this signaling with IP3R2-dependent calcium signaling, and discuss its contribution to chronic itch-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Shiratori-Hayashi
- Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Makoto Tsuda
- Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Kyushu University Institute for Advanced Study, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Kaneko T, Kuwaki T. The opposite roles of orexin neurons in pain and itch neural processing. Peptides 2023; 160:170928. [PMID: 36566840 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pain and itch are antagonistically regulated sensations; pain suppresses itch, and inhibition of pain enhances itch. Understanding the central neural circuit of antagonistic regulation between pain and itch is required to develop new therapeutics better to manage these two feelings in a clinical situation. However, evidence of the neural mechanism underlying the pain-itch interaction in the central nervous system (CNS) is still insufficient. To pave the way for this research area, our laboratory has focused on orexin (ORX) producing neurons in the hypothalamus, which is known as a master switch that induces various defense responses when animals face a stressful environment. This review article summarized the previous evidence and our latest findings to argue the neural regulation between pain and itch and the bidirectional roles of ORX neurons in processing these two sensations. i.e., pain relief and itch exacerbation. Further, we discussed the possible neural circuit mechanism for the opposite controlling of pain and itch by ORX neurons. Focusing on the roles of ORX neurons would provide a new perspective to understand the antagonistic regulation of pain and itch in CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuroh Kaneko
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Kuwaki
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
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Gutierrez-Mecinas M, Kókai É, Polgár E, Quillet R, Titterton HF, Weir GA, Watanabe M, Todd AJ. Antibodies Against the Gastrin-releasing Peptide Precursor Pro-Gastrin-releasing Peptide Reveal Its Expression in the Mouse Spinal Dorsal Horn. Neuroscience 2023; 510:60-71. [PMID: 36581131 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) in the spinal dorsal horn acts on the GRP receptor, and this signalling mechanism has been strongly implicated in itch. However, the source of GRP in the dorsal horn is not fully understood. For example, the BAC transgenic mouse line GRP::GFP only captures around 25% of GRP-expressing cells, and Grp mRNA is found in several types of excitatory interneuron. A major limitation in attempts to identify GRP-expressing neurons has been that antibodies against GRP cross-react with other neuropeptides, including some that are expressed by primary afferents. Here we have developed two antibodies raised against different parts of the precursor protein, pro-GRP. We show that labelling is specific, and that the antibodies do not cross-react with neuropeptides in primary afferents. Immunoreactivity was strongest in the superficial laminae, and the two antibodies labelled identical structures, including glutamatergic axons and cell bodies. The pattern of pro-GRP-immunoreactivity varied among different neurochemical classes of excitatory interneuron. Cell bodies and axons of all GRP-GFP cells were labelled, confirming reliability of the antibodies. Among the other populations, we found the highest degree of co-expression (>50%) in axons of NPFF-expressing cells, while this was somewhat lower (10-20%) in cells that expressed substance P and NKB, and much lower (<10%) in other classes. Our findings show that these antibodies reliably detect GRP-expressing neurons and axons, and that in addition to the GRP-GFP cells, excitatory interneurons expressing NPFF or substance P are likely to be the main source of GRP in the spinal dorsal horn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gutierrez-Mecinas
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Éva Kókai
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Erika Polgár
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Raphaëlle Quillet
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Heather F Titterton
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Greg A Weir
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Andrew J Todd
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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Chen QY, Zhuo M. Glutamate acts as a key neurotransmitter for itch in the mammalian spinal cord. Mol Pain 2023; 19:17448069231152101. [PMID: 36604775 PMCID: PMC9846298 DOI: 10.1177/17448069231152101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Itch sensation is one of the major sensory experiences of humans and animals. Recent studies using genetic deletion techniques have proposed that gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) is a key neurotransmitter for itch in the spinal cord. However, these studies are mainly based on behavioral responses and lack direct electrophysiological evidence that GRP indeed mediates itch information between primary afferent fibers and spinal dorsal horn neurons. In this review, we reviewed recent studies using different experimental approaches and proposed that glutamate but not GRP acts as the key neurotransmitter in the primary afferents in the transmission of itch. GRP is more likely to serve as an itch-related neuromodulator. In the cerebral cortex, we propose that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays a significant role in both itch and pain sensations. Only behavioral measurement of itch (scratching) is not sufficient for itch measurement, since scratching the itching area also produces pleasure. Integrative experimental approaches as well as better behavioral scoring models are needed to help to understand the neuronal mechanism of itch and aid future treatment for patients with pruritic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Yu Chen
- Qingdao International Academician
Park, International Institute for Brain
Research, Qingdao, China,CAS Key Laboratory of Brain
Connectome and Manipulation, Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, The
Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of
Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen Institute of
Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen
Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Min Zhuo
- Qingdao International Academician
Park, International Institute for Brain
Research, Qingdao, China,Department of Physiology, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Min Zhuo, Institute of Brain Research,
Qingdao International Academician Park, Qingdao 266199, China.
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50
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Liu JJ, Li X, Guo J, Yu S, Yang S. Role of GRPR in Acupuncture Intervention in the "Itch-scratch Vicious Cycle" Spinal Circuit of Chronic Pruritus. Chin Med 2023; 18:2. [PMID: 36597164 PMCID: PMC9809006 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00706-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Many previous studies have shown the potential antipruritic effect of acupuncture. This paper reviews the antipruritic mechanisms of acupuncture according to these aspects: sample characteristics, detail of intervention, and effects evaluation. The majority of research on acupuncture's antipruritic effect has focused on primary afferents of the peripheral mechanism. Relatively few studies, however, have addressed the central mechanisms. Combination the latest research achievements of chronic itch, gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord may represent the first molecule identified that is dedicated to mediating the itch response and may provide an important therapeutic target for the treatment of chronic pruritic conditions. Therefore, GRPR may be a new target for acupuncture to relieve itch in the future and provide new ideas for acupuncture intervention in the mechanisms of the spinal level of the "itch-scratch vicious cycle" of chronic itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-jia Liu
- grid.411304.30000 0001 0376 205XAcupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Xuemei Li
- grid.411304.30000 0001 0376 205XAcupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Jing Guo
- grid.411304.30000 0001 0376 205XAcupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Shuguang Yu
- grid.411304.30000 0001 0376 205XAcupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Acupuncture and Chronobiology, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Sha Yang
- grid.411304.30000 0001 0376 205XAcupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.411304.30000 0001 0376 205XAcupuncture and Brain Science Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan China
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