1
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Tečer M, Di Liberto M, Silvi P, Montangero S, Romanato F, Calajó G. Strongly Interacting Photons in 2D Waveguide QED. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:163602. [PMID: 38701484 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.163602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
One-dimensional confinement in waveguide quantum electrodynamics (QED) plays a crucial role to enhance light-matter interactions and to induce a strong quantum nonlinear optical response. In two or higher-dimensional settings, this response is reduced since photons can be emitted within a larger phase space, opening the question whether strong photon-photon interaction can be still achieved. In this study, we positively answer this question for the case of a 2D square array of atoms coupled to the light confined into a two-dimensional waveguide. More specifically, we demonstrate the occurrence of long-lived two-photon repulsive and bound states with genuine 2D features. Furthermore, we observe signatures of these effects also in free-space atomic arrays in the form of weakly subradiant in-band scattering resonances. Our findings provide a paradigmatic signature of the presence of strong photon-photon interactions in 2D waveguide QED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matija Tečer
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Di Liberto
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Padua Quantum Technologies Research Center, Universitá degli Studi di Padova
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Pietro Silvi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Padua Quantum Technologies Research Center, Universitá degli Studi di Padova
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Simone Montangero
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Padua Quantum Technologies Research Center, Universitá degli Studi di Padova
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Filippo Romanato
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Padua Quantum Technologies Research Center, Universitá degli Studi di Padova
- CNR-IOM Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Calajó
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
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2
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Jia WZ, Yu MT. Atom-photon dressed states in a waveguide-QED system with multiple giant atoms. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:9495-9511. [PMID: 38571183 DOI: 10.1364/oe.518325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
We study the properties of bound states in waveguide-QED systems consisting of multiple giant atoms coupled to a coupled-resonator waveguide. Based on the general analytical expressions for these states and the corresponding energy spectra, we analyze in detail the threshold conditions for the appearance of bound states and the photon-mediated interactions between dressed atoms for different configurations. In addition, when multiple giant atoms are coupled to the waveguide, different types of interacting atomic chain can be obtained by manipulating the coupling configurations. Accordingly, the energy spectra of the bound states form metaband structures in the photonic band gaps. This makes the system a useful platform for quantum simulation and quantum information processing.
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3
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Nie W, Shi T, Liu YX, Nori F. Non-Hermitian Waveguide Cavity QED with Tunable Atomic Mirrors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:103602. [PMID: 37739354 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.103602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Optical mirrors determine cavity properties by means of light reflection. Imperfect reflection gives rise to open cavities with photon loss. We study an open cavity made of atom-dimer mirrors with a tunable reflection spectrum. We find that the atomic cavity shows anti-PT symmetry. The anti-PT phase transition controlled by atomic couplings in mirrors indicates the emergence of two degenerate cavity supermodes. Interestingly, a threshold of mirror reflection is identified for realizing strong coherent cavity-atom coupling. This reflection threshold reveals the criterion of atomic mirrors to produce a good cavity. Moreover, cavity quantum electrodynamics with a probe atom shows mirror-tuned properties, including reflection-dependent polaritons formed by the cavity and probe atom. Our Letter presents a non-Hermitian theory of an anti-PT atomic cavity, which may have applications in quantum optics and quantum computation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Nie
- Center for Joint Quantum Studies and Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Tao Shi
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2735, Beijing 100190, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Xi Liu
- School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Wakoshi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Center for Quantum Computing, RIKEN, Wakoshi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Physics Department, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
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4
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Li X, Zhao W, Wang Z. Controlling photons by phonons via giant atom in a waveguide QED setup. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:3595-3598. [PMID: 37390189 DOI: 10.1364/ol.492705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the single photon scattering in a phonon-photon hybrid system in the waveguide quantum electrodynamics (QED) scheme. In our consideration, an artificial giant atom, which is dressed by the phonons in a surface acoustic wave resonator, interacts with a coupled resonator waveguide (CRW) nonlocally via two connecting sites. Together with the interference effect by the nonlocal coupling, the phonon serves as a controller to the transport of the photon in the waveguide. On the one hand, the coupling strength between the giant atom and the surface acoustic wave resonator modulates the width of the transmission valley or window in the near resonant regime. On the other hand, the two reflective peaks induced by the Rabi splitting degrade into a single one when the giant atom is large detuned from the surface acoustic resonator, which implies an effective dispersive coupling. Our study paves the way for the potential application of giant atoms in the hybrid system.
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5
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Redchenko ES, Poshakinskiy AV, Sett R, Žemlička M, Poddubny AN, Fink JM. Tunable directional photon scattering from a pair of superconducting qubits. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2998. [PMID: 37225689 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38761-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to control the direction of scattered light is crucial to provide flexibility and scalability for a wide range of on-chip applications, such as integrated photonics, quantum information processing, and nonlinear optics. Tunable directionality can be achieved by applying external magnetic fields that modify optical selection rules, by using nonlinear effects, or interactions with vibrations. However, these approaches are less suitable to control microwave photon propagation inside integrated superconducting quantum devices. Here, we demonstrate on-demand tunable directional scattering based on two periodically modulated transmon qubits coupled to a transmission line at a fixed distance. By changing the relative phase between the modulation tones, we realize unidirectional forward or backward photon scattering. Such an in-situ switchable mirror represents a versatile tool for intra- and inter-chip microwave photonic processors. In the future, a lattice of qubits can be used to realize topological circuits that exhibit strong nonreciprocity or chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena S Redchenko
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria.
| | | | - Riya Sett
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Martin Žemlička
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | | | - Johannes M Fink
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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6
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Xue JJ, Liu WX, Liang SS, Fang AP, Wang X, Li HR. P T symmetry in a superconducting hybrid quantum system with longitudinal coupling. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:4580-4598. [PMID: 36785422 DOI: 10.1364/oe.479906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We propose a scheme consisting of coupled nanomechanical cantilever resonators and superconducting flux qubits to engineer a parity-time- (P T-) symmetric phononic system formed by active and passive modes. The effective gain (loss) of the phonon mode is achieved by the longitudinal coupling of the resonator and the fast dissipative superconducting qubit with a blue-sideband driving (red-sideband driving). A P T-symmetric to broken-P T-symmetric phase transition can be observed in both balanced gain-to-loss and unbalanced gain-to-loss cases. Applying a resonant weak probe field to the dissipative resonator, we find that (i) for balanced gain and loss, the acoustic signal absorption to amplification can be tuned by changing the coupling strength between resonators; (ii) for unbalanced gain and loss, both acoustically induced transparency and anomalous dispersion can be observed around Δ = 0, where the maximum group delay is also located at this point. Our work provides an experimentally feasible scheme to design P T-symmetric phononic systems and a powerful platform for controllable acoustic signal transmission in a hybrid quantum system.
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7
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Hummel T, Widhalm A, Höpker JP, Jöns KD, Chang J, Fognini A, Steinhauer S, Zwiller V, Zrenner A, Bartley TJ. Nanosecond gating of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors using cryogenic bias circuitry. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:610-625. [PMID: 36606996 DOI: 10.1364/oe.472058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) show near unity efficiency, low dark count rate, and short recovery time. Combining these characteristics with temporal control of SNSPDs broadens their applications as in active de-latching for higher dynamic range counting or temporal filtering for pump-probe spectroscopy or LiDAR. To that end, we demonstrate active gating of an SNSPD with a minimum off-to-on rise time of 2.4 ns and a total gate length of 5.0 ns. We show how the rise time depends on the inductance of the detector in combination with the control electronics. The gate window is demonstrated to be fully and freely, electrically tunable up to 500 ns at a repetition rate of 1.0 MHz, as well as ungated, free-running operation. Control electronics to generate the gating are mounted on the 2.3 K stage of a closed-cycle sorption cryostat, while the detector is operated on the cold stage at 0.8 K. We show that the efficiency and timing jitter of the detector is not altered during the on-time of the gating window. We exploit gated operation to demonstrate a method to increase in the photon counting dynamic range by a factor 11.2, as well as temporal filtering of a strong pump in an emulated pump-probe experiment.
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8
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Circuit quantum electrodynamics with dressed states of a superconducting artificial atom. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22308. [PMID: 36566268 PMCID: PMC9789979 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26828-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A dynamical control of the coupling strengths between dressed states and probe photon states is demonstrated with a transmon-like artificial atom coupled to two closely spaced resonant modes. When the atom is driven with one mode, the atom state and driving photon states form the so-called dressed states. Dressed states with sideband index up to 3 were prepared and probed via the strong coupling to the other resonant mode. Spectroscopy reveals that the coupling strengths are "dressed" and can be modulated by the power and sideband index of the driving. The transmission of the probe tone is modulated by the driving microwave amplitude with a Bessel behavior, displaying multi-photon process associated with the inter-atomic level transitions.
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9
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Holzinger R, Gutiérrez-Jáuregui R, Hönigl-Decrinis T, Kirchmair G, Asenjo-Garcia A, Ritsch H. Control of Localized Single- and Many-Body Dark States in Waveguide QED. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:253601. [PMID: 36608230 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.253601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Subradiant states in a finite chain of two-level quantum emitters coupled to a one-dimensional reservoir are a resource for superior photon storage and their controlled release. As one can maximally store one energy quantum per emitter, storing multiple excitations requires delocalized states, which typically exhibit fermionic correlations and antisymmetric wave functions, thus making them hard to access experimentally. Here we identify a new class of quasilocalized dark states with up to half of the qubits excited, which only appear for lattice constants of an integer multiple of the wavelength. These states allow for a high-fidelity preparation and minimally invasive readout in state-of-the-art setups. In particular, we suggest an experimental implementation using a coplanar waveguide coupled to superconducting transmon qubits on a chip. With minimal free space and intrinsic losses, virtually perfect dark states can be achieved for a low number of qubits featuring fast preparation and precise manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Holzinger
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Innsbruck University, Technikerstrasse 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - T Hönigl-Decrinis
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - G Kirchmair
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Asenjo-Garcia
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - H Ritsch
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Innsbruck University, Technikerstrasse 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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10
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Lin WJ, Lu Y, Wen PY, Cheng YT, Lee CP, Lin KT, Chiang KH, Hsieh MC, Chen CY, Chien CH, Lin JJ, Chen JC, Lin YH, Chuu CS, Nori F, Frisk Kockum A, Lin GD, Delsing P, Hoi IC. Deterministic Loading of Microwaves onto an Artificial Atom Using a Time-Reversed Waveform. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8137-8142. [PMID: 36200986 PMCID: PMC9615994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Loading quantum information deterministically onto a quantum node is an important step toward a quantum network. Here, we demonstrate that coherent-state microwave photons with an optimal temporal waveform can be efficiently loaded onto a single superconducting artificial atom in a semi-infinite one-dimensional (1D) transmission-line waveguide. Using a weak coherent state (the number of photons (N) contained in the pulse ≪1) with an exponentially rising waveform, whose time constant matches the decoherence time of the artificial atom, we demonstrate a loading efficiency of 94.2% ± 0.7% from 1D semifree space to the artificial atom. The high loading efficiency is due to time-reversal symmetry: the overlap between the incoming wave and the time-reversed emitted wave is up to 97.1% ± 0.4%. Our results open up promising applications in realizing quantum networks based on waveguide quantum electrodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ju Lin
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Yong Lu
- Department
of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96Gothenburg, Sweden
- 3rd
Institute of Physics, IQST, and Research Centre SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart70049, Germany
| | - Ping Yi Wen
- Department
of Physics, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi621301, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Cheng
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ping Lee
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Kuan Ting Lin
- CQSE,
Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
| | - Kuan Hsun Chiang
- Department
of Physics, National Central University, Jhongli32001, Taiwan
| | - Ming Che Hsieh
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yeh Chen
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hsun Chien
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Jia Jhan Lin
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Chung Chen
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
- Center
for Quantum Technology, National Tsing Hua
University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Yen Hsiang Lin
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
- Center
for Quantum Technology, National Tsing Hua
University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sung Chuu
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
- Center
for Quantum Technology, National Tsing Hua
University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical
Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster
for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama351-0198, Japan
- Physics
Department, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan48109-1040, United States
| | - Anton Frisk Kockum
- Department
of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Guin Dar Lin
- CQSE,
Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
- Physics
Division, National Center for Theoretical
Sciences, Taipei10617, Taiwan
- Trapped-Ion
Quantum Computing Laboratory, Hon Hai Research
Institute, Taipei11492, Taiwan
| | - Per Delsing
- Department
of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Io-Chun Hoi
- Department
of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
- Department
of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
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11
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Aamir MA, Moreno CC, Sundelin S, Biznárová J, Scigliuzzo M, Patel KE, Osman A, Lozano DP, Strandberg I, Gasparinetti S. Engineering Symmetry-Selective Couplings of a Superconducting Artificial Molecule to Microwave Waveguides. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:123604. [PMID: 36179204 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.123604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring the decay rate of structured quantum emitters into their environment opens new avenues for nonlinear quantum optics, collective phenomena, and quantum communications. Here, we demonstrate a novel coupling scheme between an artificial molecule comprising two identical, strongly coupled transmon qubits and two microwave waveguides. In our scheme, the coupling is engineered so that transitions between states of the same (opposite) symmetry, with respect to the permutation operator, are predominantly coupled to one (the other) waveguide. The symmetry-based coupling selectivity, as quantified by the ratio of the coupling strengths, exceeds a factor of 30 for both waveguides in our device. In addition, we implement a Raman process activated by simultaneously driving both waveguides, and show that it can be used to coherently couple states of different symmetry in the single-excitation manifold of the molecule. Using that process, we implement frequency conversion across the waveguides, mediated by the molecule, with efficiency of about 95%. Finally, we show that this coupling arrangement makes it possible to straightforwardly generate spatially separated Bell states propagating across the waveguides. We envisage further applications to quantum thermodynamics, microwave photodetection, and photon-photon gates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ali Aamir
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claudia Castillo Moreno
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simon Sundelin
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Janka Biznárová
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marco Scigliuzzo
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kowshik Erappaji Patel
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amr Osman
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - D P Lozano
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Strandberg
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simone Gasparinetti
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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12
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Stevens J, Szombati D, Maffei M, Elouard C, Assouly R, Cottet N, Dassonneville R, Ficheux Q, Zeppetzauer S, Bienfait A, Jordan AN, Auffèves A, Huard B. Energetics of a Single Qubit Gate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:110601. [PMID: 36154409 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.110601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Qubits are physical, a quantum gate thus not only acts on the information carried by the qubit but also on its energy. What is then the corresponding flow of energy between the qubit and the controller that implements the gate? Here we exploit a superconducting platform to answer this question in the case of a quantum gate realized by a resonant drive field. During the gate, the superconducting qubit becomes entangled with the microwave drive pulse so that there is a quantum superposition between energy flows. We measure the energy change in the drive field conditioned on the outcome of a projective qubit measurement. We demonstrate that the drive's energy change associated with the measurement backaction can exceed by far the energy that can be extracted by the qubit. This can be understood by considering the qubit as a weak measurement apparatus of the driving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stevens
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - D Szombati
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - M Maffei
- CNRS and Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Néel, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - C Elouard
- QUANTIC team, INRIA de Paris, 2 Rue Simone Iff, 75012 Paris, France
| | - R Assouly
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - N Cottet
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - R Dassonneville
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Q Ficheux
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - S Zeppetzauer
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - A Bienfait
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - A N Jordan
- Institute for Quantum Studies, Chapman University, 1 University Drive, Orange, California 92866, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - A Auffèves
- CNRS and Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Néel, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - B Huard
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
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13
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Qiao L, Gong J. Coherent Control of Collective Spontaneous Emission through Self-Interference. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:093602. [PMID: 36083648 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.093602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As one of the central topics in quantum optics, collective spontaneous emission such as superradiance has been realized in a variety of systems. This Letter proposes an innovative scheme to coherently control collective emission rates via a self-interference mechanism in a nonlinear waveguide setting. The self-interference is made possible by photon backward scattering incurred by quantum scatterers in a waveguide working as quantum switches. Whether the interference is constructive or destructive is found to depend strongly on the distance between the scatterers and the emitters. The interference between two propagation pathways of the same photon leads to controllable superradiance and subradiance, with their collective decay rates much enhanced or suppressed (also leading to hyperradiance or population trapping). Furthermore, the self-interference mechanism is manifested by an abrupt change in the emission rates in real time. An experimental setup based on superconducting transmission line resonators and transmon qubits is further proposed to realize controllable collective emission rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiao
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Singapore
| | - Jiangbin Gong
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Singapore
- Center for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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14
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Liu N, Wang X, Wang X, Ma XS, Cheng MT. Tunable single photon nonreciprocal scattering based on giant atom-waveguide chiral couplings. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:23428-23438. [PMID: 36225022 DOI: 10.1364/oe.460255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the single photon scattering properties in a waveguide chirally coupling to a giant atom. The single photon transmission spectrum depends on the direction of the single photon incident when the energy loss of the giant atom can not be neglected. The difference between the transmission probabilities corresponding to opposite transport direction ΔT is calculated. It shows that both of the position and width of the ΔT are dependent on the size of the giant atom. Furthermore, the position of the maximum ΔT and the frequency width of ΔT can be modulated by a classical laser beam. Our results will be beneficial to control single photons in quantum devices design involving giant atoms.
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15
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Dusanowski Ł, Gustin C, Hughes S, Schneider C, Höfling S. All-Optical Tuning of Indistinguishable Single Photons Generated in Three-Level Quantum Systems. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:3562-3568. [PMID: 35486678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Resonance fluorescence of two-level quantum systems has emerged as a powerful tool in quantum information processing. Extension of this approach to higher-level systems provides new opportunities for quantum optics applications. Here we introduce an all-optical tuning functionality into a well-established resonance fluorescence coherent driving scheme. We accomplish this by resonant excitation of a three-level ladder system with two laser fields utilizing Autler-Townes and ac Stark effects. We propose theoretically and demonstrate experimentally the feasibility of this approach toward all-optical spectral tuning of quantum-dot-based single-photon sources and investigate photon indistinguishability and purity levels. Our tuning technique allows for fast optical control of the quantum emitter spectrum which paves the way toward temporal and spectral shaping of the single photons, formation of topological Floquet states, or generation of high-dimensional frequency-encoded quantum states of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Dusanowski
- Technische Physik and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Physikalisches Institut and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Chris Gustin
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Stephen Hughes
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Christian Schneider
- Technische Physik and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Physikalisches Institut and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute of Physics, University of Oldenburg, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Sven Höfling
- Technische Physik and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Physikalisches Institut and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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16
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Wang YL, Yang Y, Lu J, Zhou L. Photon transport and interference of bound states in a one-dimensional waveguide. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:14048-14060. [PMID: 35473157 DOI: 10.1364/oe.455294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We study the coherent scattering process of photons in two waveguides chiral coupling to a Λ-type three-level system (3LS). The 3LS acts as a few-photon router that can direct photons with unity. By adjusting the classical field applied to the 3LS, the tunneling paths between two waveguides can be turned off and on, but two photons can not be routed simultaneously from one port of the incident waveguide to an arbitrarily selected port of the other waveguide. Moreover, driven field controls the number of the bi-photon bound states and the interference pattern of the bi-photon bound states.
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17
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Allcock T, Langbein W, Muljarov EA. Quantum Mollow Quadruplet in Nonlinear Cavity QED. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:123602. [PMID: 35394302 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.123602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We develop an exact analytical approach to the optical response of a two-level system coupled to a microcavity for arbitrary excitation strengths. The response is determined in terms of the complex amplitudes of transitions between the rungs of the Jaynes-Cummings ladder, explicitly isolating nonlinearities of different orders. Increasing the pulse area of the excitation field, we demonstrate the formation of a quantum Mollow quadruplet (QMQ), quantizing the semiclassical Mollow triplet into a coherent superposition of a large number of transitions between rungs of the ladder, with inner and outer doublets of the QMQ formed by densely lying inner and outer quantum transitions between the split rungs. Remarkably, a closed-form analytic approximation for the QMQ of any order of nonlinearity is found in the high-field low-damping limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Allcock
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Langbein
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Egor A Muljarov
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
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18
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Han Y, Zhang W, Li W. All-optical pulse switching with a periodically driven dissipative quantum system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:7987-8001. [PMID: 35299550 DOI: 10.1364/oe.452092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
All-optical switching used to switch the input optical signals without any electro-optical conversion plays a vital role in the next generation of optical information processing devices. Even all-optical switchings (AOSs) with continuous input signals have been widely studied, all-optical pulse switchings (AOPSs) whose input signals are pulse sequences have rarely been investigated because of the time-dependent Hamiltonian, especially for dissipative quantum systems. In this paper, we propose an AOPS scheme, where a strong pulsed field is used to switch another pulsed input signal. With the help of Floquet-Lindblad theory, we identify the control field that can effectively turn on/off the input signal whose amplitude envelope is a square-wave (SW) pulse train in a three-level dissipative system. By comparing the properties of the AOPSs controlled by a continuous-wave (CW) field and an SW control field, we find that the SW field is more suitable to be a practical tool for controlling the input SW signal. It is interesting to impress that the switching efficacy is robust against pulse errors. The proposed protocol is readily implemented in atomic gases or superconducting circuits and corresponds to AOPSs or all-microwave pulse switchings.
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19
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Marques Y, Shelykh IA, Iorsh IV. Bound Photonic Pairs in 2D Waveguide Quantum Electrodynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:273602. [PMID: 35061425 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.273602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically predict the formation of two-photon bound states in a two-dimensional waveguide network hosting a lattice of two-level atoms. The properties of these bound pairs and the exclusive domains of the parameter space where they emerge due to the interplay between the on-site photon blockade and peculiar shape of polariton dispersion resulting from the long-range radiative couplings between the qubits are investigated in detail. In addition, we analyze the effect of the finite-size system on localization characteristics of these excitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Marques
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - I A Shelykh
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi-3, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - I V Iorsh
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
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20
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Abstract
Interfacing long-lived qubits with propagating photons is a fundamental challenge in quantum technology. Cavity and circuit quantum electrodynamics (cQED) architectures rely on an off-resonant cavity, which blocks the qubit emission and enables a quantum non-demolition (QND) dispersive readout. However, no such buffer mode is necessary for controlling a large class of three-level systems that combine a metastable qubit transition with a bright cycling transition, using the electron shelving effect. Here we demonstrate shelving of a circuit atom, fluxonium, placed inside a microwave waveguide. With no cavity modes in the setup, the qubit coherence time exceeds 50 μs, and the cycling transition’s radiative lifetime is under 100 ns. By detecting a homodyne fluorescence signal from the cycling transition, we implement a QND readout of the qubit and account for readout errors using a minimal optical pumping model. Our result establishes a resource-efficient (cavityless) alternative to cQED for controlling superconducting qubits. Existing schemes for coherent control and measurements in superconducting circuits rely on the coupling between superconducting qubits and cavity photons. Here the authors implement conditional fluorescence readout of a fluxonium qubit placed inside an open waveguide, with no coupling to cavity modes.
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21
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Bin Q, Wu Y, Lü XY. Parity-Symmetry-Protected Multiphoton Bundle Emission. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:073602. [PMID: 34459658 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.073602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate symmetry protected multiphoton bundle emission in the cavity QED system under the ultrastrong coupling regime. Our proposal only enables the super-Rabi oscillations with periodic generation of even correlated photons in the cavity, which is realized by combining the laser driven flip of qubit and the symmetry conserved transitions induced by Rabi interaction with parity symmetry. Combined with dissipation, only 2n-photon bundle emissions are allowed, due to the almost perfect suppression of bundle emissions with odd correlated photons. Meanwhile, the corresponding purities are significantly enhanced by the parity symmetry. This work extends multiphoton bundle emission to the ultrastrong coupling regime, and offers the prospect of exploring symmetry-protected multiphoton physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Bin
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wu
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-You Lü
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
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22
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Vladimirova YV, Zadkov VN. Quantum Optics in Nanostructures. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1919. [PMID: 34443750 PMCID: PMC8398959 DOI: 10.3390/nano11081919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This review is devoted to the study of effects of quantum optics in nanostructures. The mechanisms by which the rates of radiative and nonradiative decay are modified are considered in the model of a two-level quantum emitter (QE) near a plasmonic nanoparticle (NP). The distributions of the intensity and polarization of the near field around an NP are analyzed, which substantially depend on the polarization of the external field and parameters of plasmon resonances of the NP. The effects of quantum optics in the system NP + QE plus external laser field are analyzed-modification of the resonance fluorescence spectrum of a QE in the near field, bunching/antibunching phenomena, quantum statistics of photons in the spectrum, formation of squeezed states of light, and quantum entangled states in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia V. Vladimirova
- Department of Physics and Quantum Technology Centre, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Physics, Higher School of Economics, Old Basmannya 21/4, 105066 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Victor N. Zadkov
- Faculty of Physics, Higher School of Economics, Old Basmannya 21/4, 105066 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute of Spectroscopy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Fizicheskaya Str. 5, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia
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23
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Kuzmin R, Grabon N, Mehta N, Burshtein A, Goldstein M, Houzet M, Glazman LI, Manucharyan VE. Inelastic Scattering of a Photon by a Quantum Phase Slip. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:197701. [PMID: 34047614 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.197701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous decay of a single photon is a notoriously inefficient process in nature irrespective of the frequency range. We report that a quantum phase-slip fluctuation in high-impedance superconducting waveguides can split a single incident microwave photon into a large number of lower-energy photons with a near unit probability. The underlying inelastic photon-photon interaction has no analogs in nonlinear optics. Instead, the measured decay rates are explained without adjustable parameters in the framework of a new model of a quantum impurity in a Luttinger liquid. Our result connects circuit quantum electrodynamics to critical phenomena in two-dimensional boundary quantum field theories, important in the physics of strongly correlated systems. The photon lifetime data represent a rare example of verified and useful quantum many-body simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kuzmin
- Department of Physics, Joint Quantum Institute, and Quantum Materials Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - N Grabon
- Department of Physics, Joint Quantum Institute, and Quantum Materials Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - N Mehta
- Department of Physics, Joint Quantum Institute, and Quantum Materials Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Burshtein
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - M Goldstein
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - M Houzet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Grenoble INP, IRIG, PHELIQS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - L I Glazman
- Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - V E Manucharyan
- Department of Physics, Joint Quantum Institute, and Quantum Materials Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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24
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Fedorov GP, Remizov SV, Shapiro DS, Pogosov WV, Egorova E, Tsitsilin I, Andronik M, Dobronosova AA, Rodionov IA, Astafiev OV, Ustinov AV. Photon Transport in a Bose-Hubbard Chain of Superconducting Artificial Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:180503. [PMID: 34018801 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.180503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate nonequilibrium steady-state photon transport through a chain of five coupled artificial atoms simulating the driven-dissipative Bose-Hubbard model. Using transmission spectroscopy, we show that the system retains many-particle coherence despite being coupled strongly to two open spaces. We find that cross-Kerr interaction between system states allows high-contrast spectroscopic visualization of the emergent energy bands. For vanishing disorder, we observe the transition of the system from the linear to nonlinear regime of photon blockade in excellent agreement with the input-output theory. Finally, we show how controllable disorder introduced to the system suppresses nonlocal photon transmission. We argue that proposed architecture may be applied to analog simulation of many-body Floquet dynamics with even larger arrays of artificial atoms paving an alternative way towards quantum supremacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Fedorov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprundiy, Russia
- Russian Quantum Center, National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
- National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - S V Remizov
- Dukhov Automatics Research Institute, (VNIIA), 127055 Moscow, Russia
- Kotel'nikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 125009 Moscow, Russia
| | - D S Shapiro
- Dukhov Automatics Research Institute, (VNIIA), 127055 Moscow, Russia
- Kotel'nikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 125009 Moscow, Russia
| | - W V Pogosov
- Dukhov Automatics Research Institute, (VNIIA), 127055 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Theoretical and Applied Electrodynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 125412 Moscow, Russia
| | - E Egorova
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprundiy, Russia
- Russian Quantum Center, National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
- National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - I Tsitsilin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprundiy, Russia
- Russian Quantum Center, National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
- National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - M Andronik
- FMN Laboratory, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Dobronosova
- Dukhov Automatics Research Institute, (VNIIA), 127055 Moscow, Russia
- FMN Laboratory, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia
| | - I A Rodionov
- Dukhov Automatics Research Institute, (VNIIA), 127055 Moscow, Russia
- FMN Laboratory, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia
| | - O V Astafiev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprundiy, Russia
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Physics Department, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - A V Ustinov
- Russian Quantum Center, National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
- National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
- Physics Institute and Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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25
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Du L, Wang Z, Li Y. Controllable optical response and tunable sensing based on self interference in waveguide QED systems. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:3038-3054. [PMID: 33770911 DOI: 10.1364/oe.412996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We study the self interference effect of a resonator coupled with a bent waveguide at two separated ports. Such interference effects are shown to be similar for the cases of standing-wave and traveling-wave resonators, while in the system of two separated resonators indirectly coupled via a waveguide, the coupling forms and the related interference effects depend on which kind of resonators is chosen. Due to the self interference, controllable optical responses including tunable linewidth and frequency shift, and optical dark state can be achieved. Moreover, we consider a self-interference photon-magnon hybrid model and show phase-dependent Fano-like line shapes which have potential applications in frequency sensing. The photon-magnon hybridization can not only enhance the sensitivity and provide tunable working region, but also enables optical readout of the magnetic field strength in turn. The results in this paper provide a deeper insight into the self interference effect and its potential applications.
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26
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Song GZ, Guo JL, Nie W, Kwek LC, Long GL. Optical properties of a waveguide-mediated chain of randomly positioned atoms. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:1903-1917. [PMID: 33726395 DOI: 10.1364/oe.409471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically study the optical properties of an ensemble of two-level atoms coupled to a one-dimensional waveguide. In our model, the atoms are randomly located in the lattice sites along the one-dimensional waveguide. The results reveal that the optical transport properties of the atomic ensemble are influenced by the lattice constant and the filling factor of the lattice sites. We also focus on the atomic mirror configuration and quantify the effect of the inhomogeneous broadening in atomic resonant transition on the scattering spectrum. Furthermore, we find that initial bunching and persistent quantum beats appear in photon-photon correlation function of the transmitted field, which are significantly changed by the filling factor of the lattice sites. With great progress to interface quantum emitters with nanophotonics, our results should be experimentally realizable in the near future.
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27
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Houzet M, Glazman LI. Critical Fluorescence of a Transmon at the Schmid Transition. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:267701. [PMID: 33449772 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.267701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigate inelastic microwave photon scattering by a transmon qubit embedded in a high-impedance circuit. The transmon undergoes a charge-localization (Schmid) transition upon the impedance reaching the critical value. Because of the unique transmon level structure, the fluorescence spectrum carries a signature of the transition point. At higher circuit impedance, quasielastic photon scattering may account for the main part of the inelastic scattering cross section; we find its dependence on the qubit and circuit parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Houzet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG, PHELIQS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - L I Glazman
- Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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28
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Kannan B, Campbell DL, Vasconcelos F, Winik R, Kim DK, Kjaergaard M, Krantz P, Melville A, Niedzielski BM, Yoder JL, Orlando TP, Gustavsson S, Oliver WD. Generating spatially entangled itinerant photons with waveguide quantum electrodynamics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabb8780. [PMID: 33028523 PMCID: PMC7541065 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb8780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Realizing a fully connected network of quantum processors requires the ability to distribute quantum entanglement. For distant processing nodes, this can be achieved by generating, routing, and capturing spatially entangled itinerant photons. In this work, we demonstrate the deterministic generation of such photons using superconducting transmon qubits that are directly coupled to a waveguide. In particular, we generate two-photon N00N states and show that the state and spatial entanglement of the emitted photons are tunable via the qubit frequencies. Using quadrature amplitude detection, we reconstruct the moments and correlations of the photonic modes and demonstrate state preparation fidelities of 84%. Our results provide a path toward realizing quantum communication and teleportation protocols using itinerant photons generated by quantum interference within a waveguide quantum electrodynamics architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kannan
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - D L Campbell
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - F Vasconcelos
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - R Winik
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - D K Kim
- MIT Lincoln Laboratory, 244 Wood Street, Lexington, MA 02420, USA
| | - M Kjaergaard
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - P Krantz
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - A Melville
- MIT Lincoln Laboratory, 244 Wood Street, Lexington, MA 02420, USA
| | - B M Niedzielski
- MIT Lincoln Laboratory, 244 Wood Street, Lexington, MA 02420, USA
| | - J L Yoder
- MIT Lincoln Laboratory, 244 Wood Street, Lexington, MA 02420, USA
| | - T P Orlando
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - S Gustavsson
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - W D Oliver
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- MIT Lincoln Laboratory, 244 Wood Street, Lexington, MA 02420, USA
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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29
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Tserkezis C, Fernández-Domínguez AI, Gonçalves PAD, Todisco F, Cox JD, Busch K, Stenger N, Bozhevolnyi SI, Mortensen NA, Wolff C. On the applicability of quantum-optical concepts in strong-coupling nanophotonics. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2020; 83:082401. [PMID: 32726300 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aba348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Rooted in quantum optics and benefiting from its well-established foundations, strong coupling in nanophotonics has experienced increasing popularity in recent years. With nanophotonics being an experiment-driven field, the absence of appropriate theoretical methods to describe ground-breaking advances has often emerged as an important issue. To address this problem, the temptation to directly transfer and extend concepts already available from quantum optics is strong, even if a rigorous justification is not always available. In this review we discuss situations where, in our view, this strategy has indeed overstepped its bounds. We focus on exciton-plasmon interactions, and particularly on the idea of calculating the number of excitons involved in the coupling. We analyse how, starting from an unfounded interpretation of the term N/V that appears in theoretical descriptions at different levels of complexity, one might be tempted to make independent assumptions for what the number N and the volume V are, and attempt to calculate them separately. Such an approach can lead to different, often contradictory results, depending on the initial assumptions (e.g. through different treatments of V as the-ambiguous in plasmonics-mode volume). We argue that the source of such contradictions is the question itself-How many excitons are coupled?, which disregards the true nature of the coupled components of the system, has no meaning and often not even any practical importance. If one is interested in validating the quantum nature of the system-which appears to be the motivation driving the pursuit of strong coupling with small N-one could instead focus on quantities such as the photon emission rate or the second-order correlation function. While many of the issues discussed here may appear straightforward to specialists, our target audience is predominantly newcomers to the field, either students or scientists specialised in different disciplines. We have thus tried to minimise the occurrence of proofs and overly-technical details, and instead provide a qualitative discussion of analyses that should be avoided, hoping to facilitate further growth of this promising area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Tserkezis
- Center for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
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30
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Waveguide quantum electrodynamics with superconducting artificial giant atoms. Nature 2020; 583:775-779. [PMID: 32728243 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2529-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Models of light-matter interactions in quantum electrodynamics typically invoke the dipole approximation1,2, in which atoms are treated as point-like objects when compared to the wavelength of the electromagnetic modes with which they interact. However, when the ratio between the size of the atom and the mode wavelength is increased, the dipole approximation no longer holds and the atom is referred to as a 'giant atom'2,3. So far, experimental studies with solid-state devices in the giant-atom regime have been limited to superconducting qubits that couple to short-wavelength surface acoustic waves4-10, probing the properties of the atom at only a single frequency. Here we use an alternative architecture that realizes a giant atom by coupling small atoms to a waveguide at multiple, but well separated, discrete locations. This system enables tunable atom-waveguide couplings with large on-off ratios3 and a coupling spectrum that can be engineered by the design of the device. We also demonstrate decoherence-free interactions between multiple giant atoms that are mediated by the quasi-continuous spectrum of modes in the waveguide-an effect that is not achievable using small atoms11. These features allow qubits in this architecture to switch between protected and emissive configurations in situ while retaining qubit-qubit interactions, opening up possibilities for high-fidelity quantum simulations and non-classical itinerant photon generation12,13.
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31
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Kono S, Koshino K, Lachance-Quirion D, van Loo AF, Tabuchi Y, Noguchi A, Nakamura Y. Breaking the trade-off between fast control and long lifetime of a superconducting qubit. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3683. [PMID: 32703942 PMCID: PMC7378077 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17511-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid development in designs and fabrication techniques of superconducting qubits has made coherence times of qubits longer. In the future, however, the radiative decay of a qubit into its control line will be a fundamental limitation, imposing a trade-off between fast control and long lifetime of the qubit. Here, we break this trade-off by strongly coupling another superconducting qubit along the control line. This second qubit, which we call “Josephson quantum filter” (JQF), prevents the first qubit from emitting microwave photons and thus suppresses its relaxation, while transmitting large-amplitude control microwave pulses due to the saturation of the quantum filter, enabling fast qubit control. This device functions as an automatic decoupler between a qubit and its control line and could help in the realization of a large-scale superconducting quantum processor by reducing the heating of the qubit environment and the crosstalk between qubits. The trade-off between long lifetime and inevitable radiative decay to a control line has become a key limitation for superconducting qubits. Here, the authors break the trade-off by coupling another qubit to the control line of the first one to suppress its relaxation, while enabling fast qubit control.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kono
- Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - K Koshino
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Chiba, 272-0827, Japan
| | - D Lachance-Quirion
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan.,Institut Quantique and Département de Physique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - A F van Loo
- Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Y Tabuchi
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - A Noguchi
- Komaba Institute for Science (KIS), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Y Nakamura
- Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan. .,Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan.
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32
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Andersson G, Ekström MK, Delsing P. Electromagnetically Induced Acoustic Transparency with a Superconducting Circuit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:240402. [PMID: 32639822 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.240402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of a mechanical field, where a superconducting artificial atom is coupled to a 1D-transmission line for surface acoustic waves. An electromagnetic microwave drive is used as the control field, rendering the superconducting transmon qubit transparent to the acoustic probe beam. The strong frequency dependence of the acoustic coupling enables EIT in a ladder configuration due to the suppressed relaxation of the upper level. Our results show that superconducting circuits can be engineered to interact with acoustic fields in parameter regimes not readily accessible to purely electromagnetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Andersson
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 9 SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Maria K Ekström
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 9 SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Per Delsing
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 9 SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
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33
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Wang Z, Jaako T, Kirton P, Rabl P. Supercorrelated Radiance in Nonlinear Photonic Waveguides. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:213601. [PMID: 32530664 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.213601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We study the collective decay of two-level emitters coupled to a nonlinear waveguide, for example, a nanophotonic lattice or a superconducting resonator array with strong photon-photon interactions. Under these conditions, a new decay channel into bound photon pairs emerges, through which spatial correlations between emitters are established by regular interference as well as interactions between the photons. We derive an effective Markovian theory to model the resulting decay dynamics of an arbitrary distribution of emitters and identify collective effects beyond the usual phenomena of super- and subradiance. Specifically, in the limit of many close-by emitters, we find that the system undergoes a supercorrelated decay process where all the emitters are either in the excited state or in the ground state but not in any of the intermediate states. The predicted effects can be probed in state-of-the-art waveguide QED experiments and provide a striking example of how the dynamics of open quantum systems can be modified by many-body effects in a nonharmonic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihai Wang
- Center for Quantum Sciences and School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Tuomas Jaako
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Kirton
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Rabl
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
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34
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Nie W, Peng ZH, Nori F, Liu YX. Topologically Protected Quantum Coherence in a Superatom. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:023603. [PMID: 32004058 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.023603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exploring the properties and applications of topological quantum states is essential to better understand topological matter. Here, we theoretically study a quasi-one-dimensional topological atom array. In the low-energy regime, the atom array is equivalent to a topological superatom. Driving the superatom in a cavity, we study the interaction between light and topological quantum states. We find that the edge states exhibit topology-protected quantum coherence, which can be characterized from the photon transmission. This quantum coherence helps us to find a superradiance-subradiance transition, and we also study its finite-size scaling behavior. The superradiance-subradiance transition also exists in symmetry-breaking systems. More importantly, it is shown that the quantum coherence of the subradiant edge state is robust to random noises, allowing the superatom to work as a topologically protected quantum memory. We suggest a relevant experiment with three-dimensional circuit QED. Our study may have applications in quantum computation and quantum optics based on topological edge states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Nie
- Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing, China
| | - Z H Peng
- Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Matter Microstructure and Function of Hunan Province, Department of Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Physics Department, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - Yu-Xi Liu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing, China
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35
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Universal Tool for Single-Photon Circuits: Quantum Router Design. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13020319. [PMID: 32284507 PMCID: PMC7014393 DOI: 10.3390/ma13020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian approach can be used as a universal tool to design and describe a performance of single photon quantum electrodynamical circuits (cQED). As an example of the validity of this method, we calculate a novel six port quantum router, constructed from four qubits and three open waveguides. We have obtained analytical expressions, which describe the transmission and reflection coefficients of a single photon in general form taking into account the spread qubit’s parameters. We show that, due to naturally derived interferences, in situ tuning the probability of photon detection in desired ports.
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36
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Chien WC, Hsieh YL, Chen CH, Dubyna D, Wu CS, Kuo W. Optical amplification assisted by two-photon processes in a 3-level transmon artificial atom. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:36088-36099. [PMID: 31873395 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.036088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally study interactions between two microwave fields mediated by 3-level transmon artificial atom with two-photon processes. The transmon has good selection rule, preventing one-photon transition, but allowing two-photon transition from ground state(0) to 2nd excited state(2). By pumping a control tone in resonance to the transition between 1st(1) and 2nd excited state(2), we control the one-photon transparency for 0 to 1 transition and two-photon transparency for 0 to 2 transition. The results are explained by the Autler-Townes splitting induced by the control microwave. In addition, two possible microwave amplification processes involving two-photon processes are also studied. The 4-wave mixing scheme increases the transmission by 3% while 2-photon optical pumping produces a 11% narrowband increment. All these phenomena can be operated with control and probe tones in a narrow band.
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37
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Wen PY, Lin KT, Kockum AF, Suri B, Ian H, Chen JC, Mao SY, Chiu CC, Delsing P, Nori F, Lin GD, Hoi IC. Large Collective Lamb Shift of Two Distant Superconducting Artificial Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:233602. [PMID: 31868475 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.233602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Virtual photons can mediate interaction between atoms, resulting in an energy shift known as a collective Lamb shift. Observing the collective Lamb shift is challenging, since it can be obscured by radiative decay and direct atom-atom interactions. Here, we place two superconducting qubits in a transmission line terminated by a mirror, which suppresses decay. We measure a collective Lamb shift reaching 0.8% of the qubit transition frequency and twice the transition linewidth. We also show that the qubits can interact via the transmission line even if one of them does not decay into it.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Y Wen
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Center for Quantum Technology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - K-T Lin
- CQSE, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - A F Kockum
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - B Suri
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - H Ian
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, China
- UMacau Zhuhai Research Institute, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519031, China
| | - J C Chen
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Center for Quantum Technology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - S Y Mao
- Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - C C Chiu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - P Delsing
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - F Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Physics Department, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - G-D Lin
- CQSE, Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - I-C Hoi
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Center for Quantum Technology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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38
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Cavity quantum electrodynamics with atom-like mirrors. Nature 2019; 569:692-697. [PMID: 31092923 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1196-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
It has long been recognized that atomic emission of radiation is not an immutable property of an atom, but is instead dependent on the electromagnetic environment1 and, in the case of ensembles, also on the collective interactions between the atoms2-6. In an open radiative environment, the hallmark of collective interactions is enhanced spontaneous emission-super-radiance2-with non-dissipative dynamics largely obscured by rapid atomic decay7. Here we observe the dynamical exchange of excitations between a single artificial atom and an entangled collective state of an atomic array9 through the precise positioning of artificial atoms realized as superconducting qubits8 along a one-dimensional waveguide. This collective state is dark, trapping radiation and creating a cavity-like system with artificial atoms acting as resonant mirrors in the otherwise open waveguide. The emergent atom-cavity system is shown to have a large interaction-to-dissipation ratio (cooperativity exceeding 100), reaching the regime of strong coupling, in which coherent interactions dominate dissipative and decoherence effects. Achieving strong coupling with interacting qubits in an open waveguide provides a means of synthesizing multi-photon dark states with high efficiency and paves the way for exploiting correlated dissipation and decoherence-free subspaces of quantum emitter arrays at the many-body level10-13.
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39
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Chen HT, Li TE, Nitzan A, Subotnik JE. Predictive Semiclassical Model for Coherent and Incoherent Emission in the Strong Field Regime: The Mollow Triplet Revisited. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:1331-1336. [PMID: 30844289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We reinvestigate the famous Mollow triplet and show that most of the well-known quantum characteristics of the Mollow triplet-including incoherent emission and a nonstandard dependence of the sidebands on detuning-can be recovered quantitatively using semiclassical dynamics with a classical light field. In fact, by not relying on the rotating wave approximation, a semiclassical model predicts some quantum effects beyond the quantum optical Bloch equation, including higher-order scattering and asymmetric sideband features. This Letter highlights the fact that, with strong intensities, many putatively quantum features of light-matter interactions arise from a simple balance of mean-field electrodynamics and elementary spontaneous emission, which requires minimal computational cost. Our results suggest that the application of semiclassical electrodynamics to problems with strong light-matter coupling in the fields of nanophotonics and superradiance are likely to yield a plethora of new information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Ta Chen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Tao E Li
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Abraham Nitzan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Joseph E Subotnik
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
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40
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Li TE, Chen HT, Subotnik JE. Comparison of Different Classical, Semiclassical, and Quantum Treatments of Light–Matter Interactions: Understanding Energy Conservation. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:1957-1973. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b01232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao E. Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Hsing-Ta Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Joseph E. Subotnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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41
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Sundaresan NM, Lundgren R, Zhu G, Gorshkov AV, Houck AA. Interacting Qubit-Photon Bound States with Superconducting Circuits. PHYSICAL REVIEW. X 2019; 9:10.1103/physrevx.9.011021. [PMID: 32117578 PMCID: PMC7047877 DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.9.011021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Qubits strongly coupled to a photonic crystal give rise to qubit-photon dressed bound states. These bound states, comprising the qubits and spatially localized photonic modes induced around the qubits, are the basis for many exotic physical scenarios. The localization of these states changes with qubit detuning from the photonic crystal band edge, offering an avenue of in situ control of bound-state interaction. Here, we present experimental results from a device with two transmon qubits coupled to a superconducting microwave photonic crystal and realize tunable on-site and interbound state interactions. We observe a fourth-order two-photon virtual process between bound states indicating strong coupling between the photonic crystal and transmon qubits. Because of their localization-dependent interaction, these states offer the ability to realize one-dimensional chains of bound states with tunable and potentially long-range interactions that preserve the qubits' spatial organization. The widely tunable, strong, and robust interactions demonstrated with this system are promising benchmarks towards realizing larger, more complex systems that use bound states to build and study quantum spin models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neereja M Sundaresan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Rex Lundgren
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Guanyu Zhu
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Alexey V Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Andrew A Houck
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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42
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Quijandría F, Strandberg I, Johansson G. Steady-State Generation of Wigner-Negative States in One-Dimensional Resonance Fluorescence. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:263603. [PMID: 30636134 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.263603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work we demonstrate numerically that the nonlinearity provided by a continuously driven two-level system allows for the generation of Wigner-negative states of the electromagnetic field confined in one spatial dimension. Wigner-negative states, also known as Wigner nonclassical states, are desirable for quantum information protocols beyond the scope of classical computers. Focusing on the steady-state emission from the two-level system, we find the largest negativity at the drive strength where the coherent reflection vanishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Quijandría
- Microtechnology and Nanoscience, MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Strandberg
- Microtechnology and Nanoscience, MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Göran Johansson
- Microtechnology and Nanoscience, MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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43
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Rosario Hamann A, Müller C, Jerger M, Zanner M, Combes J, Pletyukhov M, Weides M, Stace TM, Fedorov A. Nonreciprocity Realized with Quantum Nonlinearity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:123601. [PMID: 30296135 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.123601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nonreciprocal devices are a key element for signal routing and noise isolation. Rapid development of quantum technologies has boosted the demand for a new generation of miniaturized and low-loss nonreciprocal components. Here, we use a pair of tunable superconducting artificial atoms in a 1D waveguide to experimentally realize a minimal passive nonreciprocal device. Taking advantage of the quantum nonlinear behavior of artificial atoms, we achieve nonreciprocal transmission through the waveguide in a wide range of powers. Our results are consistent with theoretical modeling showing that nonreciprocity is associated with the population of the two-qubit nonlocal entangled quasidark state, which responds asymmetrically to incident fields from opposing directions. Our experiment highlights the role of quantum correlations in enabling nonreciprocal behavior and opens a path to building passive quantum nonreciprocal devices without magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Rosario Hamann
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Clemens Müller
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Jerger
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Maximilian Zanner
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Joshua Combes
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Mikhail Pletyukhov
- Institute for Theory of Statistical Physics, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Weides
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- School of Engineering, Electronics & Nanoscale Engineering Division, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas M Stace
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Arkady Fedorov
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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44
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Eichler C, Petta JR. Realizing a Circuit Analog of an Optomechanical System with Longitudinally Coupled Superconducting Resonators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:227702. [PMID: 29906158 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.227702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We realize a superconducting circuit analog of the generic cavity-optomechanical Hamiltonian by longitudinally coupling two superconducting resonators, which are an order of magnitude different in frequency. We achieve longitudinal coupling by embedding a superconducting quantum interference device into a high frequency resonator, making its resonance frequency depend on the zero point current fluctuations of a nearby low frequency LC resonator. By applying sideband drive fields we enhance the intrinsic coupling strength of about 15 kHz up to 280 kHz by controlling the amplitude of the drive field. Our results pave the way towards the exploration of optomechanical effects in a fully superconducting platform and could enable quantum optics experiments with photons in the yet unexplored radio frequency band.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Eichler
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - J R Petta
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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45
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Bolgar AN, Zotova JI, Kirichenko DD, Besedin IS, Semenov AV, Shaikhaidarov RS, Astafiev OV. Quantum Regime of a Two-Dimensional Phonon Cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:223603. [PMID: 29906147 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.223603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We realize the quantum regime of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator by demonstrating vacuum Rabi mode splitting due to interaction with a superconducting artificial atom. Reaching the quantum regime is physically difficult and technologically challenging since SAW devices consist of large arrays of narrow metal strips. This work paves the way for realizing analogues of quantum optical phenomena with phonons and can be useful in on-chip quantum electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey N Bolgar
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy Pereulok 9, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Julia I Zotova
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy Pereulok 9, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Daniil D Kirichenko
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy Pereulok 9, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Ilia S Besedin
- National University for Science and Technology (MISiS), Leninskiy Pereulok 4, Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - Aleksander V Semenov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy Pereulok 9, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
- Moscow State Pedagogical University, Malaya Pirogovskaya Street 1/1, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Rais S Shaikhaidarov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy Pereulok 9, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - Oleg V Astafiev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy Pereulok 9, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
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46
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Shi T, Chang Y, García-Ripoll JJ. Ultrastrong Coupling Few-Photon Scattering Theory. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:153602. [PMID: 29756880 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.153602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We study the scattering of individual photons by a two-level system ultrastrongly coupled to a waveguide. The scattering is elastic for a broad range of couplings and can be described with an effective U(1)-symmetric Hamiltonian. This simple model allows the prediction of scattering resonance line shapes, validated up to α=0.3, and close to the Toulouse point α=1/2, where inelastic scattering becomes relevant. Our predictions model experiments with superconducting circuits [P. Forn-Díaz et al., Nat. Phys. 13, 39 (2017)NPAHAX1745-247310.1038/nphys3905] and can be extended to study multiphoton scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2735, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yue Chang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Beijing Automation Control Equipment Institute, P.O. Box 7209, Beijing 100074, China
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Kockum AF, Johansson G, Nori F. Decoherence-Free Interaction between Giant Atoms in Waveguide Quantum Electrodynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:140404. [PMID: 29694115 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.140404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In quantum-optics experiments with both natural and artificial atoms, the atoms are usually small enough that they can be approximated as pointlike compared to the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation with which they interact. However, superconducting qubits coupled to a meandering transmission line, or to surface acoustic waves, can realize "giant artificial atoms" that couple to a bosonic field at several points which are wavelengths apart. Here, we study setups with multiple giant atoms coupled at multiple points to a one-dimensional (1D) waveguide. We show that the giant atoms can be protected from decohering through the waveguide, but still have exchange interactions mediated by the waveguide. Unlike in decoherence-free subspaces, here the entire multiatom Hilbert space (2^{N} states for N atoms) is protected from decoherence. This is not possible with "small" atoms. We further show how this decoherence-free interaction can be designed in setups with multiple atoms to implement, e.g., a 1D chain of atoms with nearest-neighbor couplings or a collection of atoms with all-to-all connectivity. This may have important applications in quantum simulation and quantum computing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Göran Johansson
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Physics Department, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
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Long J, Ku HS, Wu X, Gu X, Lake RE, Bal M, Liu YX, Pappas DP. Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics with Nested Polariton States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:083602. [PMID: 29543019 PMCID: PMC5983892 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.083602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Quantum networks will enable extraordinary capabilities for communicating and processing quantum information. These networks require a reliable means of storage, retrieval, and manipulation of quantum states at the network nodes. A node receives one or more coherent inputs and sends a conditional output to the next cascaded node in the network through a quantum channel. Here, we demonstrate this basic functionality by using the quantum interference mechanism of electromagnetically induced transparency in a transmon qubit coupled to a superconducting resonator. First, we apply a microwave bias, i.e., drive, to the qubit-cavity system to prepare a Λ-type three-level system of polariton states. Second, we input two interchangeable microwave signals, i.e., a probe tone and a control tone, and observe that transmission of the probe tone is conditional upon the presence of the control tone that switches the state of the device with up to 99.73% transmission extinction. Importantly, our electromagnetically induced transparency scheme uses all dipole allowed transitions. We infer high dark state preparation fidelities of >99.39% and negative group velocities of up to -0.52±0.09 km/s based on our data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Long
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - H. S. Ku
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Xian Wu
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Xiu Gu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Russell E. Lake
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Mustafa Bal
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Yu-xi Liu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Beijing 100084, China
| | - David P. Pappas
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
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Wen PY, Kockum AF, Ian H, Chen JC, Nori F, Hoi IC. Reflective Amplification without Population Inversion from a Strongly Driven Superconducting Qubit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:063603. [PMID: 29481213 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.063603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Amplification of optical or microwave fields is often achieved by strongly driving a medium to induce population inversion such that a weak probe can be amplified through stimulated emission. Here we strongly couple a superconducting qubit, an artificial atom, to the field in a semi-infinite waveguide. When driving the qubit strongly on resonance such that a Mollow triplet appears, we observe a 7% amplitude gain for a weak probe at frequencies in between the triplet. This amplification is not due to population inversion, neither in the bare qubit basis nor in the dressed-state basis, but instead results from a four-photon process that converts energy from the strong drive to the weak probe. We find excellent agreement between the experimental results and numerical simulations without any free fitting parameters. Since our device consists of a single two-level artificial atom, the simplest possible quantum system, it can be viewed as the most fundamental version of a four-wave-mixing parametric amplifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Y Wen
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - A F Kockum
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - H Ian
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau
- UMacau Zhuhai Research Institute, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519031, China
| | - J C Chen
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - F Nori
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Physics Department, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - I-C Hoi
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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Li H, Shen HZ, Wu SL, Yi XX. Shortcuts to adiabaticity in non-Hermitian quantum systems without rotating-wave approximation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:30135-30148. [PMID: 29221047 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.030135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The technique of shortcuts to adiabaticity (STA) has attracted broad attention due to their possible applications in quantum information processing and quantum control. However, most studies published so far have been only focused on Hermitian systems under the rotating-wave approximation (RWA). In this paper, we propose a modified shortcuts to adiabaticity technique to realize population transfer for a non-Hermitian system without RWA. We work out an exact expression for the control function and present examples consisting of two-and three-level systems with decay to show the theory. The results suggest that the shortcuts to adiabaticity technique presented here is robust for fast passages. We also find that the decay has small effect on the population transfer in the three-level system. To shed more light on the physics behind this result, we reduce the quantum three-level system to an effective two-level one with large detunings. The shortcuts to adiabaticity technique of effective two-level system is studied. Thereby the high-fidelity population transfer can be implemented in non-Hermitian systems by our method, and it works even without RWA.
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