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Herkenne S, Ek O, Zamberlan M, Pellattiero A, Chergova M, Chivite I, Novotná E, Rigoni G, Fonseca TB, Samardzic D, Agnellini A, Bean C, Di Benedetto G, Tiso N, Argenton F, Viola A, Soriano ME, Giacomello M, Ziviani E, Sales G, Claret M, Graupera M, Scorrano L. Developmental and Tumor Angiogenesis Requires the Mitochondria-Shaping Protein Opa1. Cell Metab 2020; 31:987-1003.e8. [PMID: 32315597 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
While endothelial cell (EC) function is influenced by mitochondrial metabolism, the role of mitochondrial dynamics in angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from existing vasculature, is unknown. Here we show that the inner mitochondrial membrane mitochondrial fusion protein optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) is required for angiogenesis. In response to angiogenic stimuli, OPA1 levels rapidly increase to limit nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NFκB) signaling, ultimately allowing angiogenic genes expression and angiogenesis. Endothelial Opa1 is indeed required in an NFκB-dependent pathway essential for developmental and tumor angiogenesis, impacting tumor growth and metastatization. A first-in-class small molecule-specific OPA1 inhibitor confirms that EC Opa1 can be pharmacologically targeted to curtail tumor growth. Our data identify Opa1 as a crucial component of physiological and tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Herkenne
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Olivier Ek
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Margherita Zamberlan
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Pellattiero
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Maya Chergova
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Iñigo Chivite
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain; School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eliška Novotná
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Rigoni
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Tiago Branco Fonseca
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Dijana Samardzic
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrielly Agnellini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Camilla Bean
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Giulietta Di Benedetto
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy; Institute of Neuroscience, CNR, Padova, Italy
| | - Natascia Tiso
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Argenton
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Antonella Viola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Marta Giacomello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Ziviani
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sales
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Marc Claret
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain; School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Graupera
- Vascular Signalling Laboratory, ProCURE and Oncobell Programs, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Gran Via de l'Hospitalet 199, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy.
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2
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Ghosh RM, Griffis HM, Glatz AC, Rome JJ, Smith CL, Gillespie MJ, Whitehead KK, O'Byrne ML, Biko DM, Ravishankar C, Dewitt AG, Dori Y. Prevalence and Cause of Early Fontan Complications: Does the Lymphatic Circulation Play a Role? J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e015318. [PMID: 32223393 PMCID: PMC7428641 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.015318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Recent studies suggest that lymphatic congestion plays a role in development of late Fontan complications, such as protein‐losing enteropathy. However, the role of the lymphatic circulation in early post‐Fontan outcomes is not well defined. Methods and Results This was a retrospective, single‐center study of patients undergoing first‐time Fontan completion from 2012 to 2017. The primary outcome was early Fontan complication ≤6 months after surgery, a composite of death, Fontan takedown, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, chest tube drainage >14 days, cardiac catheterization, readmission, or transplant. Complication causes were assigned to 1 of 4 groups: (1) Fontan circuit obstruction, (2) ventricular dysfunction or atrioventricular valve regurgitation, (3) persistent pleural effusions in the absence of Fontan obstruction or ventricular dysfunction, and (4) chylothorax or plastic bronchitis. T2‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging sequences were used to assess for lymphatic perfusion abnormality. The cohort consisted of 238 patients. Fifty‐eight (24%) developed early complications: 20 of 58 (34.5%) in group 1, 8 of 58 (14%) in group 2, 18 of 58 (31%) in group 3, and 12 of 58 (20%) in group 4. Preoperative T2 imaging was available for 126 (53%) patients. Patients with high‐grade lymphatic abnormalities had 6 times greater odds of developing early complications (P=0.001). Conclusions There is substantial morbidity in the early post‐Fontan period. Half of those who developed early complications had lymphatic failure or persistent effusions unrelated to structural or functional abnormalities. Preoperative T2 imaging demonstrated that patients with higher‐grade lymphatic perfusion abnormalities were significantly more likely to develop early complications. This has implications for risk stratification and optimization of patients before Fontan palliation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena M Ghosh
- Division of Cardiology Children's Hospital of Philadelphia PA
| | - Heather M Griffis
- Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness Children's Hospital of Philadelphia PA
| | - Andrew C Glatz
- Division of Cardiology Children's Hospital of Philadelphia PA.,Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness Children's Hospital of Philadelphia PA
| | - Jonathan J Rome
- Division of Cardiology Children's Hospital of Philadelphia PA
| | | | | | | | - Michael L O'Byrne
- Division of Cardiology Children's Hospital of Philadelphia PA.,Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness Children's Hospital of Philadelphia PA
| | - David M Biko
- Department of Radiology Children's Hospital of Philadelphia PA
| | | | - Aaron G Dewitt
- Division of Cardiac Critical Care Medicine Children's Hospital of Philadelphia PA
| | - Yoav Dori
- Division of Cardiology Children's Hospital of Philadelphia PA
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3
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Janardhan HP, Trivedi CM. Establishment and maintenance of blood-lymph separation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1865-1876. [PMID: 30758642 PMCID: PMC6482084 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hippocratic Corpus, a collection of Greek medical literature, described the functional anatomy of the lymphatic system in the fifth century B.C. Subsequent studies in cadavers and surgical patients firmly established that lymphatic vessels drain extravasated interstitial fluid, also known as lymph, into the venous system at the bilateral lymphovenous junctions. Recent advances revealed that lymphovenous valves and platelet-mediated hemostasis at the lymphovenous junctions maintain life-long separation of the blood and lymphatic vascular systems. Here, we review murine models that exhibit failure of blood-lymph separation to highlight the novel mechanisms and molecular targets for the modulation of lymphatic disorders. Specifically, we focus on the transcription factors, cofactors, and signaling pathways that regulate lymphovenous valve development and platelet-mediated lymphovenous hemostasis, which cooperate to maintain blood-lymph separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish P Janardhan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, The Albert Sherman Center, AS7-1047, 368 Plantation St, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Chinmay M Trivedi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, The Albert Sherman Center, AS7-1047, 368 Plantation St, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
- The Li-Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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He L, McCluskey LP. Regression of Lingual Lymphatic Vessels in Sodium-restricted Mice. J Histochem Cytochem 2018; 66:377-384. [PMID: 29268631 PMCID: PMC5958353 DOI: 10.1369/0022155417749173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vessel networks can expand and regress, with consequences for interstitial fluid drainage and nutrient supply to tissues, inflammation, and tumor spread. A diet high in sodium stimulates hyperplasia of cutaneous lymphatic capillaries. We hypothesized that dietary sodium restriction would have the opposite effect, shrinking lymphatic capillaries in the tongue. Lingual lymphatic capillary density and size was significantly reduced in mice fed a low-sodium diet (0.03%) for 3 weeks compared with control-fed mice. Blood vessel density was unchanged. Despite lymphatic capillary shrinkage, lingual edema was not observed. The effect on lymphatic capillaries was reversible, as lymphatic density and size in the tongue were restored by 3 weeks on a control diet. Lymphatic hyperplasia induced by a high-sodium diet is dependent on infiltrating macrophages. However, lingual CD68+ macrophage density was unchanged by sodium deficiency, indicating that distinct mechanisms may mediate lymphatic regression. Further studies are needed to test whether dietary sodium restriction is an effective, non-invasive co-therapy for oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianying He
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Lynnette Phillips McCluskey
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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5
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Mast cells and basophils in inflammatory and tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 778:146-51. [PMID: 25941082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, namely, the growth of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones, is an essential process of embryonic development and post-natal growth. In adult life, it may occur in physiological conditions (menstrual cycle and wound healing), during inflammatory disorders (autoimmune diseases and allergic disorders) and in tumor growth. The angiogenic process requires a tightly regulated interaction among different cell types (e.g. endothelial cells and pericytes), the extracellular matrix, several specific growth factors (e.g. VEGFs, Angiopoietins), cytokines and chemokines. Lymphangiogenesis, namely, the growth of new lymphatic vessels, is an important process in tumor development, in the formation of metastasis and in several inflammatory and metabolic disorders. In addition to tumors, several effector cells of inflammation (mast cells, macrophages, basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, etc.) are important sources of a wide spectrum of angiogenic and lymphangiogenic factors. Human mast cells produce a large array of angiogenic and lymphangiogenic molecules. Primary human mast cells and two mast cell lines constitutively express several isoforms of angiogenic (VEGF-A and VEGF-B) and the two lymphangiogenic factors (VEGF-C and VEGF-D). In addition, human mast cells express the VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR-1) and 2 (VEGFR-2), the co-receptors neuropilin-1 (NRP1) and -2 (NRP2) and the Tie1 and Tie2 receptors. Immunologically activated human basophils selectively produce VEGF-A and -B, but not VEGF-C and -D. They also release Angiopoietin1 that activates Tie2 on human mast cells. Collectively, these findings indicate that human mast cells and basophils might participate in the complex network involving inflammatory and tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis.
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6
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Varricchi G, Granata F, Loffredo S, Genovese A, Marone G. Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in inflammatory skin disorders. J Am Acad Dermatol 2015; 73:144-53. [PMID: 25922287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels, occurs physiologically in wound healing, during inflammatory diseases, and in tumor growth. Lymphangiogenesis can be activated in inflammation and tumor metastasis. The family of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and angiopoietins are essential for angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. The angiogenic process is tightly regulated by VEGFs, angiopoietins, and endogenous inhibitors. VEGFs and angiopoietins exert their effects by activating specific receptors present on blood and lymphatic endothelial cells. There is now compelling evidence that cells of innate and adaptive immunity (macrophages, mast cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes) are a major source of angiogenic and lymphangiogenic factors. Chronic inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis are characterized by altered angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, or both. Also such acute inflammatory skin disorders as urticaria, ultraviolet B-induced damage, and angioedema are associated with changes in angiogenic factors. In systemic sclerosis there is a switch from proangiogenic to antiangiogenic factors that play a role in the defective vascular process of this disorder. As yet, there are no clinical trials showing that canonical VEGF/VEGF receptor-targeted strategies can modulate inflammatory skin diseases. Novel strategies targeting other angiogenic/lymphangiogenic pathways should also be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Francescopaolo Granata
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Loffredo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Arturo Genovese
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
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Klein KR, Karpinich NO, Espenschied ST, Willcockson HH, Dunworth WP, Hoopes SL, Kushner EJ, Bautch VL, Caron KM. Decoy receptor CXCR7 modulates adrenomedullin-mediated cardiac and lymphatic vascular development. Dev Cell 2014; 30:528-40. [PMID: 25203207 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Atypical 7-transmembrane receptors, often called decoy receptors, act promiscuously as molecular sinks to regulate ligand bioavailability and consequently temper the signaling of canonical G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) pathways. Loss of mammalian CXCR7, the most recently described decoy receptor, results in postnatal lethality due to aberrant cardiac development and myocyte hyperplasia. Here, we provide the molecular underpinning for this proliferative phenotype by demonstrating that the dosage and signaling of adrenomedullin (Adm, gene; AM, protein)-a mitogenic peptide hormone required for normal cardiovascular development-is tightly controlled by CXCR7. To this end, Cxcr7(-/-) mice exhibit gain-of-function cardiac and lymphatic vascular phenotypes that can be reversed upon genetic depletion of adrenomedullin ligand. In addition to identifying a biological ligand accountable for the phenotypes of Cxcr7(-/-) mice, these results reveal a previously underappreciated role for decoy receptors as molecular rheostats in controlling the timing and extent of GPCR-mediated cardiac and vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara R Klein
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Natalie O Karpinich
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Scott T Espenschied
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Helen H Willcockson
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - William P Dunworth
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Samantha L Hoopes
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Erich J Kushner
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Victoria L Bautch
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kathleen M Caron
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Ruddell A, Croft A, Kelly-Spratt K, Furuya M, Kemp CJ. Tumors induce coordinate growth of artery, vein, and lymphatic vessel triads. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:354. [PMID: 24886322 PMCID: PMC4045915 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumors drive blood vessel growth to obtain oxygen and nutrients to support tumor expansion, and they also can induce lymphatic vessel growth to facilitate fluid drainage and metastasis. These processes have generally been studied separately, so that it is not known how peritumoral blood and lymphatic vessels grow relative to each other. METHODS The murine B16-F10 melanoma and chemically-induced squamous cell carcinoma models were employed to analyze large red-colored vessels growing between flank tumors and draining lymph nodes. Immunostaining and microscopy in combination with dye injection studies were used to characterize these vessels. RESULTS Each peritumoral red-colored vessel was found to consist of a triad of collecting lymphatic vessel, vein, and artery, that were all enlarged. Peritumoral veins and arteries were both functional, as detected by intravenous dye injection. The enlarged lymphatic vessels were functional in most mice by subcutaneous dye injection assay, however tumor growth sometimes blocked lymph drainage to regional lymph nodes. Large red-colored vessels also grew between benign papillomas or invasive squamous cell carcinomas and regional lymph nodes in chemical carcinogen-treated mice. Immunostaining of the red-colored vessels again identified the clustered growth of enlarged collecting lymphatics, veins, and arteries in the vicinity of these spontaneously arising tumors. CONCLUSIONS Implanted and spontaneously arising tumors induce coordinate growth of blood and lymphatic vessel triads. Many of these vessel triads are enlarged over several cm distance between the tumor and regional lymph nodes. Lymphatic drainage was sometimes blocked in mice before lymph node metastasis was detected, suggesting that an unknown mechanism alters lymph drainage patterns before tumors reach draining lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna Ruddell
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific St., Box 357190, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alexandra Croft
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific St., Box 357190, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Momoko Furuya
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christopher J Kemp
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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9
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Fatima A, Culver A, Culver F, Liu T, Dietz WH, Thomson BR, Hadjantonakis AK, Quaggin SE, Kume T. Murine Notch1 is required for lymphatic vascular morphogenesis during development. Dev Dyn 2014; 243:957-64. [PMID: 24659232 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transmembrane receptor Notch1 is a critical regulator of arterial differentiation and blood vessel sprouting. Recent evidence shows that functional blockade of Notch1 and its ligand, Dll4, leads to postnatal lymphatic defects in mice. However, the precise role of the Notch signaling pathway in lymphatic vessel development has yet to be defined. Here we show the developmental role of Notch1 in lymphatic vascular morphogenesis by analyzing lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC)-specific conditional Notch1 knockout mice crossed with an inducible Prox1CreER(T2) driver. RESULTS LEC-specific Notch1 mutant embryos exhibited enlarged lymphatic vessels. The phenotype of lymphatic overgrowth accords with increased LEC sprouting from the lymph sacs and increased filopodia formation. Furthermore, cell death was significantly reduced in Notch1-mutant LECs, whereas proliferation was increased. RNA-seq analysis revealed that expression of cytokine/chemokine signaling molecules was upregulated in Notch1-mutant LECs isolated from E15.5 dorsal skin, whereas VEGFR3, VEGFR2, VEGFC, and Gja4 (Connexin 37) were downregulated. CONCLUSIONS The lymphatic phenotype of LEC-specific conditional Notch1 mouse mutants indicates that Notch activity in LECs controls lymphatic sprouting and growth during development. These results provide evidence that similar to postnatal and pathological lymphatic vessel formation, the Notch signaling pathway plays a role in inhibiting developmental lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anees Fatima
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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10
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Visualization of lymphatic vessel development, growth, and function. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, AND CELL BIOLOGY 2014; 214:167-86. [PMID: 24276894 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-1646-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite their important physiological and pathophysiological functions, lymphatic endothelial cells and lymphatic vessels remain less well studied compared to the blood vascular system. Lymphatic endothelium differentiates from venous blood vascular endothelium after initial arteriovenous differentiation. Only recently by the use of light sheet microscopy, the precise mechanism of separation of the first lymphatic endothelial progenitors from the cardinal vein has been described as delamination followed by mesenchymal cell migration of lymphatic endothelial cells. Dorsolaterally of the embryonic cardinal vein, lymphatic endothelial cells reaggregate to form the first lumenized lymphatic vessels, the dorsal peripheral longitudinal vessel and the more ventrally positioned primordial thoracic duct. Despite this progress in our understanding of the first lymph vessel formation, intravital observation of lymphatic vessel behavior in the intact organism, during development and in the adult, is prerequisite to a precise understanding of this tissue. Transgenic models and two-photon microscopy, in combination with optical windows, have made live intravital imaging possible: however, new imaging modalities and novel approaches promise gentler, more physiological, and longer intravital imaging of lymphatic vessels.
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11
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Ji RC. Hypoxia and lymphangiogenesis in tumor microenvironment and metastasis. Cancer Lett 2013; 346:6-16. [PMID: 24333723 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia and lymphangiogenesis are closely related processes that play a pivotal role in tumor invasion and metastasis. Intratumoral hypoxia is exacerbated as a result of oxygen consumption by rapidly proliferating tumor cells, insufficient blood supply and poor lymph drainage. Hypoxia induces functional responses in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), including cell proliferation and migration. Multiple factors (e.g., ET-1, AP-1, C/EBP-δ, EGR-1, NF-κB, and MIF) are involved in the events of hypoxia-induced lymphangiogenesis. Among them, HIF-1α is known to be the master regulator of cellular oxygen homeostasis, mediating transcriptional activation of lymphangiogenesis via regulation of signaling cascades like VEGF-A/-C/-D, TGF-β and Prox-1 in experimental and human tumors. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated, the investigation of lymphangiogenesis in hypoxic conditions may provide insight into potential therapeutic targets for lymphatic metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Cheng Ji
- Department of Human Anatomy, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan.
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