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Seblani M, Brezun JM, Féron F, Hoquet T. Rethinking plasticity: Analysing the concept of "destructive plasticity" in the light of neuroscience definitions. Eur J Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 39092545 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
As a multilevel and multidisciplinary field, neuroscience is designed to interact with various branches of natural and applied sciences as well as with humanities and philosophy. The continental tradition in philosophy, particularly over the past 20 years, tended to establish strong connections with biology and neuroscience findings. This cross fertilization can however be impeded by conceptual intricacies, such as those surrounding the concept of plasticity. The use of this concept has broadened as scientists applied it to explore an ever-growing range of biological phenomena. Here, we examine the consequences of this ambiguity in an interdisciplinary context through the analysis of the concept of "destructive plasticity" in the philosophical writings of Catherine Malabou. The term "destructive plasticity" was coined by Malabou in 2009 to refer to all processes leading to psycho-cognitive and emotional alterations following traumatic or nontraumatic brain injuries or resulting from neurodevelopmental disorders. By comparing it with the neuroscientific definitions of plasticity, we discuss the epistemological obstacles and possibilities related to the integration of this concept into neuroscience. Improving interdisciplinary exchanges requires an advanced and sophisticated manipulation of neurobiological concepts. These concepts are not only intended to guide research programmes within neuroscience but also to organize and frame the dialogue between different theoretical backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Seblani
- Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY (ISM), CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, UMR 7287, Campus Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille Cedex 09, France
- Institute of NeuroPhysiopathology (INP), CNRS, Aix Marseille University, UMR 7051, Marseille Cedex 5, France
- Department of Philosophy, University Paris Nanterre, Nanterre Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Michel Brezun
- Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY (ISM), CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, UMR 7287, Campus Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - François Féron
- Institute of NeuroPhysiopathology (INP), CNRS, Aix Marseille University, UMR 7051, Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Thierry Hoquet
- Department of Philosophy, University Paris Nanterre, Nanterre Cedex, France
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Duan X, Zhang T, Chen Y, Hou X, Huang Q, Li T, Feng Y, Xiao N. Natural course and predictors of consciousness recovery in children with prolonged disorder of consciousness. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17417. [PMID: 39075188 PMCID: PMC11286944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68370-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Prolonged disorder of consciousness (DoC) is a rising challenge. Pediatric data on diagnosis and prognosis of prolonged DoC were too limited and heterogeneous, making it difficult to define the natural course and evaluate the prognosis. The present study explored the emergence from the Minimally Conscious State (eMCS) incidence at different months postinjury drawing the natural course, and detected the predictors of the incidence in children with prolonged DoC. A hospital-based prospective cohort study was conducted. Kaplan-Meier curves, as well as univariate and multivariate COX regression analysis, were performed. The study enrolled 383 pediatric DoC individuals, including 220 males (57.4%), with an average age of 3.9 (1.9-7.3) years. The median duration between onset and rehabilitation is 30.0 (21.0-46.0) days. At enrollment, the ratio of vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (VS/WUS) to MCS is 78.9%-21.1%. Traumatic brain injury and infection are the major etiologies (36.8% and 37.1%, respectively), followed by hypoxia cerebral injury (12.3%). For children with prolonged DoC, the cumulative incidence of eMCS at months 3, 6, 12, and 24 was 0.510, 0.652, 0.731, 0.784 VS 0.290, 0.418, 0.539, 0.603 in the traumatic VS non-traumatic subgroup, respectively. For children in a persistent vegetative state (PVS), the cumulative incidence of emergence at months in 3, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 was testified as 0.439, 0.591, 0.683, 0.724, 0.743 and 0.743 in the traumatic subgroup, and 0.204, 0.349, 0.469, 0.534, 0.589 and 0.620 in the non-traumatic subgroup. Participants who exhibit any of the following four demographical and/or clinical characteristics-namely, older than 4 years at onset, accepted rehabilitation within 28 days of onset, remained MCS at enrollment, or with etiology of traumatic brain injuries-had a significantly positive outcome of consciousness recovery (eMCS). Moreover, both prolongation of the central somatosensory conductive time (CCT) (level 2) and absence of N20 (level 3) independently predict a negative outcome. In children with prolonged DoC, we found that 12 months postinjury was critical to eMCS, and a preferred timepoint to define chronic vegetative state (VS). The characteristics including age, etiology, time before rehabilitation, consciousness state, and SEP results were useful predictors of conscious recovery.Trial registration Registered 06/11/2018, the registration number is chiCTR1800019330 (chictr.org.cn). Registered prospectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Duan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (CHCMU), Building 8th, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (CHCMU), Building 8th, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuxia Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (CHCMU), Building 8th, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Xueqin Hou
- Department of Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (CHCMU), Building 8th, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiuyi Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (CHCMU), Building 8th, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingsong Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (CHCMU), Building 8th, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (CHCMU), Building 8th, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Chongqing, China.
| | - Nong Xiao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (CHCMU), Building 8th, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Chongqing, China.
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Qian M, Motter J, Deehan E, Graff J, Adhikari A, Doraiswamy PM, Goldberg TE, Devanand DP. Predictors of Improvement after Cognitive Training in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Insights from the Cognitive Training and Neuroplasticity in Mild Cognitive Impairment Trial. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2024; 38:227-234. [PMID: 39099327 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive training may benefit older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but the prognostic factors are not well-established. METHODS This study analyzed data from a 78-week trial with 107 participants with MCI, comparing computerized cognitive training (CCT) and computerized crossword puzzle training (CPT). Outcomes were changes in cognitive and functional measures from baseline. Linear mixed-effect models were used to identify prognostic factors for each intervention. RESULTS Baseline neuropsychological composite z-score was positively associated with cognitive and functional improvements for both interventions in univariable models, retaining significance in the final multivariable model for functional outcome in CPT ( P < 0.001). Apolipoprotein E e4 carriers had worse cognitive ( P = 0.023) and functional ( P = 0.001) outcomes than noncarriers for CPT but not CCT. African Americans showed greater functional improvements than non-African Americans in both CPT ( P = 0.001) and CCT ( P = 0.010). Better baseline odor identification was correlated with cognitive improvements in CPT ( P = 0.006) and functional improvements in CCT ( P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Baseline cognitive test performance, African American background, and odor identification ability are potential prognostic factors for improved outcomes with cognitive interventions in older adults with MCI. Apolipoprotein E e4 is associated with poor outcomes. Replication of these findings may improve the selection of cognitive interventions for individuals with MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey Motter
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily Deehan
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Jamie Graff
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alisa Adhikari
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - P Murali Doraiswamy
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for the Study of Aging and the Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Terry E Goldberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Devangere P Devanand
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
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Meinzer M, Shahbabaie A, Antonenko D, Blankenburg F, Fischer R, Hartwigsen G, Nitsche MA, Li SC, Thielscher A, Timmann D, Waltemath D, Abdelmotaleb M, Kocataş H, Caisachana Guevara LM, Batsikadze G, Grundei M, Cunha T, Hayek D, Turker S, Schlitt F, Shi Y, Khan A, Burke M, Riemann S, Niemann F, Flöel A. Investigating the neural mechanisms of transcranial direct current stimulation effects on human cognition: current issues and potential solutions. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1389651. [PMID: 38957187 PMCID: PMC11218740 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1389651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been studied extensively for its potential to enhance human cognitive functions in healthy individuals and to treat cognitive impairment in various clinical populations. However, little is known about how tDCS modulates the neural networks supporting cognition and the complex interplay with mediating factors that may explain the frequently observed variability of stimulation effects within and between studies. Moreover, research in this field has been characterized by substantial methodological variability, frequent lack of rigorous experimental control and small sample sizes, thereby limiting the generalizability of findings and translational potential of tDCS. The present manuscript aims to delineate how these important issues can be addressed within a neuroimaging context, to reveal the neural underpinnings, predictors and mediators of tDCS-induced behavioral modulation. We will focus on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), because it allows the investigation of tDCS effects with excellent spatial precision and sufficient temporal resolution across the entire brain. Moreover, high resolution structural imaging data can be acquired for precise localization of stimulation effects, verification of electrode positions on the scalp and realistic current modeling based on individual head and brain anatomy. However, the general principles outlined in this review will also be applicable to other imaging modalities. Following an introduction to the overall state-of-the-art in this field, we will discuss in more detail the underlying causes of variability in previous tDCS studies. Moreover, we will elaborate on design considerations for tDCS-fMRI studies, optimization of tDCS and imaging protocols and how to assure high-level experimental control. Two additional sections address the pressing need for more systematic investigation of tDCS effects across the healthy human lifespan and implications for tDCS studies in age-associated disease, and potential benefits of establishing large-scale, multidisciplinary consortia for more coordinated tDCS research in the future. We hope that this review will contribute to more coordinated, methodologically sound, transparent and reproducible research in this field. Ultimately, our aim is to facilitate a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which tDCS modulates human cognitive functions and more effective and individually tailored translational and clinical applications of this technique in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Meinzer
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alireza Shahbabaie
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Daria Antonenko
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Felix Blankenburg
- Neurocomputation and Neuroimaging Unit, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rico Fischer
- Department of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gesa Hartwigsen
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Wilhelm Wundt Institute for Psychology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael A. Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Bochum, Germany
- Bielefeld University, University Hospital OWL, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, University Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Shu-Chen Li
- Chair of Lifespan Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Axel Thielscher
- Section for Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dagmar Timmann
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dagmar Waltemath
- Core Unit Data Integration Center, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Harun Kocataş
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Giorgi Batsikadze
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Miro Grundei
- Neurocomputation and Neuroimaging Unit, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Teresa Cunha
- Section for Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Dayana Hayek
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sabrina Turker
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Wilhelm Wundt Institute for Psychology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frederik Schlitt
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yiquan Shi
- Chair of Lifespan Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Asad Khan
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael Burke
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Steffen Riemann
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Filip Niemann
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Agnes Flöel
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE Site Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
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Li J, Zhang C, Meng Y, Yang S, Xia J, Chen H, Liao W. Morphometric brain organization across the human lifespan reveals increased dispersion linked to cognitive performance. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002647. [PMID: 38900742 PMCID: PMC11189252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The human brain is organized as segregation and integration units and follows complex developmental trajectories throughout life. The cortical manifold provides a new means of studying the brain's organization in a multidimensional connectivity gradient space. However, how the brain's morphometric organization changes across the human lifespan remains unclear. Here, leveraging structural magnetic resonance imaging scans from 1,790 healthy individuals aged 8 to 89 years, we investigated age-related global, within- and between-network dispersions to reveal the segregation and integration of brain networks from 3D manifolds based on morphometric similarity network (MSN), combining multiple features conceptualized as a "fingerprint" of an individual's brain. Developmental trajectories of global dispersion unfolded along patterns of molecular brain organization, such as acetylcholine receptor. Communities were increasingly dispersed with age, reflecting more disassortative morphometric similarity profiles within a community. Increasing within-network dispersion of primary motor and association cortices mediated the influence of age on the cognitive flexibility of executive functions. We also found that the secondary sensory cortices were decreasingly dispersed with the rest of the cortices during aging, possibly indicating a shift of secondary sensory cortices across the human lifespan from an extreme to a more central position in 3D manifolds. Together, our results reveal the age-related segregation and integration of MSN from the perspective of a multidimensional gradient space, providing new insights into lifespan changes in multiple morphometric features of the brain, as well as the influence of such changes on cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Meng
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Siqi Yang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Xia
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Huafu Chen
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Liao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Hong XL, Cheng LJ, Feng RC, Goh J, Gyanwali B, Itoh S, Tam WSW, Wu XV. Effect of physio-cognitive dual-task training on cognition in pre-ageing and older adults with neurocognitive disorders: A meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized controlled trial. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 116:105161. [PMID: 37619434 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Declines in cognitive performance, such as those seen in neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) are often associated with ageing. Both physical activity and cognitive training are common interventional strategies that can mitigate the decline in cognitive and physical performance. This review aims to (1) to evaluate the effects of Physio-Cognitive Dual-task Training (PCDT) intervention on cognition, physical performance, activities of daily living (ADL) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in pre-ageing and older adults with neurocognitive disorders, (2) explore the effects of covariates on intervention outcomes. A systematic search was conducted in eight databases. Cochrane's Risk of Bias Tool version 1 and GRADE criteria were used to assess risk of bias and certainty of evidence, respectively. Meta-analysis and meta-regression analyses were conducted using R software. Twenty-six randomized controlled trials involving 1,949 pre-ageing and older adults with NCDs were included in the meta-analysis. PCDT interventions had small-to-medium effect size on all cognition outcomes (g = 0.40-0.52) and instrumental ADL (g == 0.42), and a large effect size on HRQoL (g = 0.72). The quality of evidence was rated moderate to low for the outcome measures in pre-ageing and older adults with NCDs. These findings highlight the importance of PCDT interventions in preventing and slowing down cognitive impairment in pre-ageing and older adults. Registration: PROSPERO Number (CRD42020213962).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Li Hong
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, 308433, Singapore
| | - Ling Jie Cheng
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, 117549, Singapore
| | - Ruo Chen Feng
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, 308433, Singapore
| | - Jorming Goh
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 2 Medical Drive, MD9, National University of Singapore, 117593, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Rd, 119228, Singapore
| | - Bibek Gyanwali
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, 117596, Singapore
| | - Sakiko Itoh
- Department of Home Health and Palliative Care Nursing, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Wai San Wilson Tam
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, National University of Singapore, Level 2, Clinical Research Centre, Block MD 11,10 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore
| | - Xi Vivien Wu
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, National University of Singapore, Level 2, Clinical Research Centre, Block MD 11,10 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore; NUSMED Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, 117456, Singapore.
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7
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Li S, Wang P, Cai Z, Jiang W, Xin X, Wang X, Zhou X. Correlates of physical activity levels, muscle strength, working memory, and cognitive function in older adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1283864. [PMID: 38161587 PMCID: PMC10757612 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1283864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the relationship between physical activity level, muscle strength, working memory and cognitive function in older adults. Methods A cross-sectional research design was employed to recruit 120 older adults individuals aged 70 and above. Participants were asked to complete the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale. Data on variables such as grip strength and performance on the N-back task were collected. Data analysis involved the use of independent samples t-tests, χ2 tests, linear regression analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results The detection rate of cognitive dysfunction in older adults was 53.211%; 1-back correct rate had an explanatory power of 11.6% for the cognitive function scores of older adults (R2 = 0.116, p < 0.001); grip strength showed a significant positive correlation with 1-back correct rate (r = 0.417, p < 0.001), and was significantly correlated with the 0-back response time (r = -0.478), 1 -back response time (r = -0.441) were significantly negatively correlated (p < 0.001); physical activity level was significantly positively correlated with grip strength (r = 0.559, p < 0.001), and the difference in grip strength among older adults with different physical activity levels was statistically significant (F = 19.685, p < 0.001). Conclusion Physical activity level, muscle strength, working memory, and cognitive function are closely related in older adults, and the relational pathway of physical activity → muscle strength → working memory → cognitive function may serve as a useful addition to promote the field of cognitive research in older adults. To identify and prevent cognitive decline in older adults, physical activity questionnaires, grip strength tests, and 1-back task tests can be extended to nursing homes and communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufan Li
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhidong Cai
- Department of Physical Education, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Wanting Jiang
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Xin
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Wang
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhou
- School of Sports and Health of Shanghai Lixin University of Accounting and Finance, Shanghai, China
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Raimo S, Cropano M, Gaita M, Maggi G, Cavallo ND, Roldan-Tapia MD, Santangelo G. The Efficacy of Cognitive Training on Neuropsychological Outcomes in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Meta-Analysis. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1510. [PMID: 38002471 PMCID: PMC10669748 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13111510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild neurocognitive disorder is an intermediate stage of cognitive impairment between normal cognitive aging and dementia. Given the absence of effective pharmacological treatments for MCI, increasing numbers of studies are attempting to understand how cognitive training (CT) could benefit MCI. This meta-analysis aims to update and assess the efficacy of CT on specific neuropsychological test performance (global cognitive functioning, short-term verbal memory, long-term verbal memory, generativity, working memory, and visuospatial abilities) in individuals diagnosed with MCI, as compared to MCI control groups. After searching electronic databases for randomized controlled trials, 31 studies were found including 2496 participants. Results showed that CT significantly improved global cognitive functioning, short-term and long-term verbal memory, generativity, working memory, and visuospatial abilities. However, no significant effects were observed for shifting, abstraction ability/concept formation, processing speed, and language. The mode of CT had a moderating effect on abstraction ability/concept formation. The findings provide specific insights into the cognitive functions influenced by CT and guide the development of tailored interventions for MCI. While CT holds promise, further research is needed to address certain cognitive deficits and assess long-term effects on dementia progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Raimo
- Department of Psychology, ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’ University of Campania, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (M.C.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (N.D.C.)
| | - Maria Cropano
- Department of Psychology, ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’ University of Campania, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (M.C.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (N.D.C.)
| | - Mariachiara Gaita
- Department of Psychology, ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’ University of Campania, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (M.C.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (N.D.C.)
| | - Gianpaolo Maggi
- Department of Psychology, ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’ University of Campania, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (M.C.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (N.D.C.)
| | - Nicola Davide Cavallo
- Department of Psychology, ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’ University of Campania, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (M.C.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (N.D.C.)
| | | | - Gabriella Santangelo
- Department of Psychology, ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’ University of Campania, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (M.C.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (N.D.C.)
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9
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Dexter M, Ossmy O. The effects of typical ageing on cognitive control: recent advances and future directions. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1231410. [PMID: 37577352 PMCID: PMC10416634 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1231410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive control is one of the most fundamental aspects of human life. Its ageing is an important contemporary research area due to the needs of the growing ageing population, such as prolonged independence and quality of life. Traditional ageing research argued for a global decline in cognitive control with age, typically characterised by slowing processing speed and driven by changes in the frontal cortex. However, recent advances questioned this perspective by demonstrating high heterogeneity in the ageing data, domain-specific declines, activity changes in resting state networks, and increased functional connectivity. Moreover, improvements in neuroimaging techniques have enabled researchers to develop compensatory models of neural reorganisation that helps negate the effects of neural losses and promote cognitive control. In this article on typical ageing, we review recent behavioural and neural findings related to the decline in cognitive control among older adults. We begin by reviewing traditional perspectives and continue with how recent work challenged those perspectives. In the discussion section, we propose key areas of focus for future research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ori Ossmy
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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10
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Qiu Y, Yin Z, Wang M, Duan A, Xie M, Wu J, Wang Z, Chen G. Motor function improvement and acceptability of non-invasive brain stimulation in patients with Parkinson's disease: a Bayesian network analysis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1212640. [PMID: 37564368 PMCID: PMC10410144 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1212640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder defined by progressive motor and non-motor symptoms. Currently, the pro-cognitive effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) are well-supported in previous literatures. However, controversy surrounding the optimal therapeutic target for motor symptom improvement remains. Objective This network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted to comprehensively evaluate the optimal strategy to use rTMS and tDCS to improve motor symptoms in PD. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane electronic databases for eligible randomized controlled studies (RCTs). The primary outcome was the changes of Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part III score, the secondary outcomes were Time Up and Go Test (TUGT) time, and Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FOGQ) score. The safety outcome was indicated by device-related adverse events (AEs). Result We enrolled 28 studies that investigated various strategies, including high-frequency rTMS (HFrTMS), low-frequency rTMS (LFrTMS), anodal tDCS (AtDCS), AtDCS_ cathode tDCS (CtDCS), HFrTMS_LFrTMS, and Sham control groups. Both HFrTMS (short-term: mean difference (MD) -5.21, 95% credible interval (CrI) -9.26 to -1.23, long-term: MD -4.74, 95% CrI -6.45 to -3.05), and LFrTMS (long-term: MD -4.83, 95% CrI -6.42 to -3.26) were effective in improving UPDRS-III score compared with Sham stimulation. For TUGT time, HFrTMS (short-term: MD -2.04, 95% CrI -3.26 to -0.8, long-term: MD -2.66, 95% CrI -3.55 to -1.77), and AtDCS (short-term: MD -0.8, 95% CrI -1.26 to -0.34, long-term: MD -0.69, 95% CrI -1.31 to -0.08) produced a significant difference compared to Sham stimulation. However, no statistical difference was found in FOGQ score among the various groups. According to the surface under curve ranking area, HFrTMS ranked first in short-term UPDRS-III score (0.77), short-term (0.82), and long-term (0.84) TUGT time, and short-term FOGQ score (0.73). With respect to the safety outcomes, all strategies indicated few and self-limiting AEs. Conclusion HFrTMS may be the optimal non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) intervention to improve motor function in patients with PD while NIBS has generally been well tolerated. However, further studies focusing on the clinical outcomes resulting from the different combined schedules of tDCS and rTMS are required. Systematic review registration https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2023-4-0087/, identifier: 202340087.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjia Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ziqian Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Menghan Wang
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Aojie Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Minjia Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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11
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Alfalahi H, Dias SB, Khandoker AH, Chaudhuri KR, Hadjileontiadis LJ. A scoping review of neurodegenerative manifestations in explainable digital phenotyping. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:49. [PMID: 36997573 PMCID: PMC10063633 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00494-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurologists nowadays no longer view neurodegenerative diseases, like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, as single entities, but rather as a spectrum of multifaceted symptoms with heterogeneous progression courses and treatment responses. The definition of the naturalistic behavioral repertoire of early neurodegenerative manifestations is still elusive, impeding early diagnosis and intervention. Central to this view is the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in reinforcing the depth of phenotypic information, thereby supporting the paradigm shift to precision medicine and personalized healthcare. This suggestion advocates the definition of disease subtypes in a new biomarker-supported nosology framework, yet without empirical consensus on standardization, reliability and interpretability. Although the well-defined neurodegenerative processes, linked to a triad of motor and non-motor preclinical symptoms, are detected by clinical intuition, we undertake an unbiased data-driven approach to identify different patterns of neuropathology distribution based on the naturalistic behavior data inherent to populations in-the-wild. We appraise the role of remote technologies in the definition of digital phenotyping specific to brain-, body- and social-level neurodegenerative subtle symptoms, emphasizing inter- and intra-patient variability powered by deep learning. As such, the present review endeavors to exploit digital technologies and AI to create disease-specific phenotypic explanations, facilitating the understanding of neurodegenerative diseases as "bio-psycho-social" conditions. Not only does this translational effort within explainable digital phenotyping foster the understanding of disease-induced traits, but it also enhances diagnostic and, eventually, treatment personalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hessa Alfalahi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center (HEIC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Sofia B Dias
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center (HEIC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ahsan H Khandoker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center (HEIC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kallol Ray Chaudhuri
- Parkinson Foundation, International Center of Excellence, King's College London, Denmark Hills, London, UK
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK
| | - Leontios J Hadjileontiadis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center (HEIC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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12
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Kesidou E, Theotokis P, Damianidou O, Boziki M, Konstantinidou N, Taloumtzis C, Sintila SA, Grigoriadis P, Evangelopoulos ME, Bakirtzis C, Simeonidou C. CNS Ageing in Health and Neurodegenerative Disorders. J Clin Med 2023; 12:2255. [PMID: 36983254 PMCID: PMC10054919 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of ageing is characteristic of multicellular organisms associated with late stages of the lifecycle and is manifested through a plethora of phenotypes. Its underlying mechanisms are correlated with age-dependent diseases, especially neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple sclerosis (MS) that are accompanied by social and financial difficulties for patients. Over time, people not only become more prone to neurodegeneration but they also lose the ability to trigger pivotal restorative mechanisms. In this review, we attempt to present the already known molecular and cellular hallmarks that characterize ageing in association with their impact on the central nervous system (CNS)'s structure and function intensifying possible preexisting pathogenetic conditions. A thorough and elucidative study of the underlying mechanisms of ageing will be able to contribute further to the development of new therapeutic interventions to effectively treat age-dependent manifestations of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Kesidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Greece (P.T.)
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Greece (P.T.)
| | - Olympia Damianidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Greece (P.T.)
| | - Marina Boziki
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Greece (P.T.)
| | - Natalia Konstantinidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Greece (P.T.)
| | - Charilaos Taloumtzis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Greece (P.T.)
| | - Styliani-Aggeliki Sintila
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Greece (P.T.)
| | - Panagiotis Grigoriadis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Greece (P.T.)
| | | | - Christos Bakirtzis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Greece (P.T.)
| | - Constantina Simeonidou
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
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13
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Fatakdawala I, Ayaz H, Safati AB, Sakib MN, Hall PA. Effects of prefrontal theta burst stimulation on neuronal activity and subsequent eating behavior: an interleaved rTMS and fNIRS study. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2023; 18:6146114. [PMID: 33615370 PMCID: PMC10074772 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsab023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) are both important nodes for self-control and decision-making but through separable processes (cognitive control vs evaluative processing). This study aimed to examine the effects of excitatory brain stimulation [intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS)] targeting the dlPFC and dmPFC on eating behavior. iTBS was hypothesized to decrease consumption of appetitive snack foods, via enhanced interference control for dlPFC stimulation and reduced delay discounting (DD) for dmPFC stimulation. Using a single-blinded, between-subjects design, participants (N = 43) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (i) iTBS targeting the left dlPFC, (ii) iTBS targeting bilateral dmPFC or (iii) sham. Participants then completed two cognitive tasks (DD and Flanker), followed by a bogus taste test. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy imaging revealed that increases in the medial prefrontal cortex activity were evident in the dmPFC stimulation group during the DD task; likewise, a neural efficiency effect was observed in the dlPFC stimulation group during the Flanker. Gender significantly moderated during the taste test, with females in the dmPFC showing paradoxical increases in food consumption compared to sham. Findings suggest that amplification of evaluative processing may facilitate eating indulgence when preponderant social cues are permissive and food is appetitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris Fatakdawala
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, CA, ON, Canada
| | - Hasan Ayaz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Drexel Solutions Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adrian B Safati
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, CA, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammad N Sakib
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, CA, ON, Canada
| | - Peter A Hall
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, CA, ON, Canada.,Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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14
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Wu Y, Zang M, Wang B, Guo W. Does the combination of exercise and cognitive training improve working memory in older adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15108. [PMID: 37065695 PMCID: PMC10100799 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive functioning is dependent on working memory and a decline in working memory is the main cause of cognitive aging. Many studies have suggested that physical exercise or cognitive intervention can effectively improve working memory in the elderly. However, it is still unknown whether a combination of exercise and cognitive training (CECT) is more effective than either intervention alone. The present systematic review and meta-analysis were undertaken to evaluate the effect of CECT on working memory in the elderly. Methods The review was registered in the International Prospective Systematic Review (PROSPERO, CRD42021290138). Systematic searches were conducted on Web of Science, Elsevier Science, PubMed and Google Scholar. The data were extracted according to the PICOS framework. Comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) software was used to perform the meta-analysis, moderator analysis and publication bias testing. Results The current meta-analysis included 21 randomized controlled trials (RCT). Results showed that CECT had a significantly greater impact on working memory in older adults compared to no intervention groups (SMD = 0.29, 95% CI [0.14-0.44], p < 0.01), with no significant difference between CECT and exercise (SMD = 0.16, 95% CI [-0.04-0.35], p = 0.12) or cognitive intervention alone (SMD = 0.08, 95% CI [-0.13-0.30], p = 0.44). Furthermore, the positive effect of CECT was moderated by intervention frequency and cognitive state. Conclusions The CECT can effectively improve working memory of older adults, but the effect of CECT compared to single intervention needs to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Wu
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ming Zang
- College of Electrical Engineering, Chuzhou Polytechnic, Chuzhou, China
| | - Biye Wang
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Sports, Exercise and Brain, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wei Guo
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Sports, Exercise and Brain, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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15
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Magliacano A, Liuzzi P, Formisano R, Grippo A, Angelakis E, Thibaut A, Gosseries O, Lamberti G, Noé E, Bagnato S, Edlow BL, Lejeune N, Veeramuthu V, Trojano L, Zasler N, Schnakers C, Bartolo M, Mannini A, Estraneo A. Predicting Long-Term Recovery of Consciousness in Prolonged Disorders of Consciousness Based on Coma Recovery Scale-Revised Subscores: Validation of a Machine Learning-Based Prognostic Index. Brain Sci 2022; 13:51. [PMID: 36672033 PMCID: PMC9856168 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prognosis of prolonged Disorders of Consciousness (pDoC) is influenced by patients' clinical diagnosis and Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) total score. We compared the prognostic accuracy of a novel Consciousness Domain Index (CDI) with that of clinical diagnosis and CRS-R total score, for recovery of full consciousness at 6-, 12-, and 24-months post-injury. The CDI was obtained by a combination of the six CRS-R subscales via an unsupervised machine learning technique. We retrospectively analyzed data on 143 patients with pDoC (75 in Minimally Conscious State; 102 males; median age = 53 years; IQR = 35; time post-injury = 1-3 months) due to different etiologies enrolled in an International Brain Injury Association Disorders of Consciousness Special Interest Group (IBIA DoC-SIG) multicenter longitudinal study. Univariate and multivariate analyses were utilized to assess the association between outcomes and the CDI, compared to clinical diagnosis and CRS-R. The CDI, the clinical diagnosis, and the CRS-R total score were significantly associated with a good outcome at 6, 12 and 24 months. The CDI showed the highest univariate prediction accuracy and sensitivity, and regression models including the CDI provided the highest values of explained variance. A combined scoring system of the CRS-R subscales by unsupervised machine learning may improve clinical ability to predict recovery of consciousness in patients with pDoC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Magliacano
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 50143 Firenze, Italy
- Polo Specialistico Riabilitativo, Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, 83054 Sant’Angelo dei Lombardi, Italy
| | - Piergiuseppe Liuzzi
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 50143 Firenze, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Istituto di BioRobotica, 56025 Pontedera, Italy
| | | | | | - Efthymios Angelakis
- Neurosurgery Department, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Aurore Thibaut
- Coma Science Group, GIGA Consciousness-University and University Hospital of Liège-Liège-Belgium, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Olivia Gosseries
- Coma Science Group, GIGA Consciousness-University and University Hospital of Liège-Liège-Belgium, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Gianfranco Lamberti
- Neurorehabilitation and Vegetative State Unit E. Viglietta, 12100 Cuneo, Italy
| | - Enrique Noé
- IRENEA-Instituto de Rehabilitación Neurológica, Fundación Hospitales Vithas, 46011 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergio Bagnato
- Unit of Neurophysiology and Unit for Severe Acquired Brain Injuries, Rehabilitation Department, Giuseppe Giglio Foundation, 90015 Cefalù, Italy
| | - Brian L. Edlow
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Vigneswaran Veeramuthu
- Division of Clinical Neuropsychology, Thomson Hospital Kota Damansara, Petaling Jaya 47810, Malaysia
| | - Luigi Trojano
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Nathan Zasler
- Concussion Care Centre of Virginia, Ltd., Richmond, VA 23233, USA
| | - Caroline Schnakers
- Research Institute, Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for Healthcare, Pomona, CA 91767, USA
| | | | - Andrea Mannini
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 50143 Firenze, Italy
| | - Anna Estraneo
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 50143 Firenze, Italy
- Polo Specialistico Riabilitativo, Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, 83054 Sant’Angelo dei Lombardi, Italy
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16
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Devanand DP, Goldberg TE, Qian M, Rushia SN, Sneed JR, Andrews HF, Nino I, Phillips J, Pence ST, Linares AR, Hellegers CA, Michael AM, Kerner NA, Petrella JR, Doraiswamy PM. Computerized Games versus Crosswords Training in Mild Cognitive Impairment. NEJM EVIDENCE 2022; 1:10.1056/evidoa2200121. [PMID: 37635843 PMCID: PMC10457124 DOI: 10.1056/evidoa2200121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) increases the risk of dementia. The efficacy of cognitive training in patients with MCI is unclear. METHODS In a two-site, single-blinded, 78-week trial, participants with MCI - stratified by age, severity (early/late MCI), and site - were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of intensive, home-based, computerized training with Web-based cognitive games or Web-based crossword puzzles, followed by six booster sessions. In mixed-model analyses, the primary outcome was change from baseline in the 11-item Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive (ADAS-Cog) score, a 70 point scale in which higher scores indicate greater cognitive impairment at 78 weeks, adjusted for baseline. Secondary outcomes included change from baseline in neuropsychological composite score, University of California San Diego Performance-Based Skills Assessment (functional outcome) score, and Functional Activities Questionnaire (functional outcome) score at 78 weeks, adjusted for baseline. Changes in hippocampal volume and cortical thickness on magnetic resonance imaging were assessed. RESULTS Among 107 participants (n=51 [games]; n=56 [crosswords]), ADAS-Cog score worsened slightly for games and improved for crosswords at week 78 (least squares [LS] means difference, -1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], -2.83 to -0.06; P=0.04). From baseline to week 78, mean ADAS-Cog score worsened for games (9.53 to 9.93) and improved for crosswords (9.59 to 8.61). The late MCI subgroup showed similar results (LS means difference, -2.45; SE, 0.89; 95% CI, -4.21 to -0.70). Among secondary outcomes, the Functional Activities Questionnaire score worsened more with games than with crosswords at week 78 (LS means difference, -1.08; 95% CI, -1.97 to -0.18). Other secondary outcomes showed no differences. Decreases in hippocampal volume and cortical thickness were greater for games than for crosswords (LS means difference, 34.07; SE, 17.12; 95% CI, 0.51 to 67.63 [hippocampal volume]; LS means difference, 0.02; SE, 0.01; 95% CI, 0.00 to 0.04 [cortical thickness]). CONCLUSIONS Home-based computerized training with crosswords demonstrated superior efficacy to games for the primary outcome of baseline-adjusted change in ADAS-Cog score over 78 weeks. (Supported by the National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03205709.).
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Devanand
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
| | - Terry E Goldberg
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
| | - Min Qian
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
| | - Sara N Rushia
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York
- Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY
| | - Joel R Sneed
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York
| | - Howard F Andrews
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
| | - Izael Nino
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
| | - Julia Phillips
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
| | - Sierra T Pence
- Neurocognitive Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Alexandra R Linares
- Neurocognitive Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Caroline A Hellegers
- Neurocognitive Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | | | - Nancy A Kerner
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
| | | | - P Murali Doraiswamy
- Neurocognitive Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
- Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and the Division of Geriatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
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17
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Menardi A, Dotti L, Ambrosini E, Vallesi A. Transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment in Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis of its efficacy as a function of protocol characteristics and degree of personalization. J Neurol 2022; 269:5283-5301. [PMID: 35781536 PMCID: PMC9468063 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11236-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents the most common type of neurodegenerative disorder. Although our knowledge on the causes of AD remains limited and no curative treatments are available, several interventions have been proposed in trying to improve patients' symptomatology. Among those, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been shown a promising, safe and noninvasive intervention to improve global cognitive functioning. Nevertheless, we currently lack agreement between research studies on the optimal stimulation protocol yielding the highest efficacy in these patients. To answer this query, we conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed, PsycINFO and Scopus databases and meta-analysis of studies published in the last 10 years (2010-2021) according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Differently from prior published meta-analytic work, we investigated whether protocols that considered participants-specific neuroimaging scans for the selection of individualized stimulation targets held more successful outcomes compared to those relying on a generalized targeting selection criteria. We then compared the effect sizes of subsets of studies based on additional protocol characteristics (frequency, duration of intervention, number of stimulation sites, use of concomitant cognitive training and patients' educational level). Our results confirm TMS efficacy in improving global cognitive functioning in mild-to-moderate AD patients, but also highlight the flaws of current protocols characteristics, including a possible lack of sufficient personalization in stimulation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Menardi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35121, Padua, Italy.
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
| | - Lisa Dotti
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Ettore Ambrosini
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35121, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonino Vallesi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35121, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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18
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Boltzmann M, Schmidt SB, Gutenbrunner C, Krauss JK, Höglinger GU, Weimar C, Rollnik JD. Validity of the Early Functional Ability scale (EFA) among critically ill patients undergoing early neurological rehabilitation. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:333. [PMID: 36068496 PMCID: PMC9446867 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-02855-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A reliable assessment of the functional abilities of patients after severe brain damage is crucial for valid prognostication and treatment decisions, but most clinical scales are of limited use among this specific group of patients. Aim The present study investigates the usefulness of the Early Functional Ability (EFA) scale, which determines the functional abilities of severely impaired patients. Methods Critically ill patients consecutively admitted to early neurological rehabilitation were screened for eligibility. We assessed the correlation between the EFA scale and (i) the Early Rehabilitation Barthel Index (ERBI), and (ii) the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R). The 1-year outcome on the Glasgow Outcome Scale-extended (GOSE) was used to examine the predictive validity. Demographical and medical variables were entered into univariate and multivariate binary regression models to identify independent predictors of 1-year outcome. Results Two hundred fifty-seven patients (168 men) with a median age of 62 years (IQR = 51–75) were enrolled. The correlation of the EFA scale with the CRS-R was high but low with the ERBI upon admission. Multivariate regression analysis yielded the vegetative subscale of the EFA scale as the only independent predictor for the 1-year outcome of patients admitted to early neurological rehabilitation. Conclusions This study shows a high correlation of the EFA scale with the CRS-R but a weak correlation with the ERBI in patients with low functional abilities. With improving patient abilities, these correlations were partly reversed. Thus, the EFA scale is a useful tool to assess the functional abilities and the prognosis of critically ill patients adequately and may be more feasible than other scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Boltzmann
- BDH-Clinic Hessisch Oldendorf, Institute for Neurorehabilitation Research, Associated Institute of Hannover Medical School, Hessisch Oldendorf, Germany.
| | - Simone B Schmidt
- BDH-Clinic Hessisch Oldendorf, Institute for Neurorehabilitation Research, Associated Institute of Hannover Medical School, Hessisch Oldendorf, Germany
| | | | - Joachim K Krauss
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Christian Weimar
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,BDH-Clinic Elzach, Elzach, Germany
| | - Jens D Rollnik
- BDH-Clinic Hessisch Oldendorf, Institute for Neurorehabilitation Research, Associated Institute of Hannover Medical School, Hessisch Oldendorf, Germany
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19
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Liuzzi P, Magliacano A, De Bellis F, Mannini A, Estraneo A. Predicting outcome of patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness using machine learning models based on medical complexity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13471. [PMID: 35931703 PMCID: PMC9356130 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17561-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with severe acquired brain injury and prolonged disorders of consciousness (pDoC) are characterized by high clinical complexity and high risk to develop medical complications. The present multi-center longitudinal study aimed at investigating the impact of medical complications on the prediction of clinical outcome by means of machine learning models. Patients with pDoC were consecutively enrolled at admission in 23 intensive neurorehabilitation units (IRU) and followed-up at 6 months from onset via the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE). Demographic and clinical data at study entry and medical complications developed within 3 months from admission were collected. Machine learning models were developed, targeting neurological outcomes at 6 months from brain injury using data collected at admission. Then, after concatenating predictions of such models to the medical complications collected within 3 months, a cascade model was developed. One hundred seventy six patients with pDoC (M: 123, median age 60.2 years) were included in the analysis. At admission, the best performing solution (k-Nearest Neighbors regression, KNN) resulted in a median validation error of 0.59 points [IQR 0.14] and a classification accuracy of dichotomized GOS-E of 88.6%. Coherently, at 3 months, the best model resulted in a median validation error of 0.49 points [IQR 0.11] and a classification accuracy of 92.6%. Interpreting the admission KNN showed how the negative effect of older age is strengthened when patients' communication levels are high and ameliorated when no communication is present. The model trained at 3 months showed appropriate adaptation of the admission prediction according to the severity of the developed medical complexity in the first 3 months. In this work, we developed and cross-validated an interpretable decision support tool capable of distinguishing patients which will reach sufficient independence levels at 6 months (GOS-E > 4). Furthermore, we provide an updated prediction at 3 months, keeping in consideration the rehabilitative path and the risen medical complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piergiuseppe Liuzzi
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Via di Scandicci 269, Florence, Italy.,Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Istituto di BioRobotica, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Alfonso Magliacano
- Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care, Via Quadrivio, Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi, Italy
| | - Francesco De Bellis
- Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care, Via Quadrivio, Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi, Italy
| | - Andrea Mannini
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Via di Scandicci 269, Florence, Italy.
| | - Anna Estraneo
- Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care, Via Quadrivio, Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi, Italy.,Unità di Neurologia, Santa Maria della Pietà General Hospital, Via della Repubblica 7, Nola, Italy
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20
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Thams F, Külzow N, Flöel A, Antonenko D. Modulation of network centrality and gray matter microstructure using multi-session brain stimulation and memory training. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:3416-3426. [PMID: 35373873 PMCID: PMC9248322 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural mechanisms of behavioral improvement induced by repeated transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with cognitive training are yet unclear. Previously, we reported behavioral effects of a 3-day visuospatial memory training with concurrent anodal tDCS over the right temporoparietal cortex in older adults. To investigate intervention-induced neural alterations we here used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) datasets available from 35 participants of this previous study, acquired before and after the intervention. To delineate changes in whole-brain functional network architecture, we employed eigenvector centrality mapping. Gray matter alterations were analyzed using DTI-derived mean diffusivity (MD). Network centrality in the bilateral posterior temporooccipital cortex was reduced after anodal compared to sham stimulation. This focal effect is indicative of decreased functional connectivity of the brain region underneath the anodal electrode and its left-hemispheric homolog with other "relevant" (i.e., highly connected) brain regions, thereby providing evidence for reorganizational processes within the brain's network architecture. Examining local MD changes in these clusters, an interaction between stimulation condition and training success indicated a decrease of MD in the right (stimulated) temporooccipital cluster in individuals who showed superior behavioral training benefits. Using a data-driven whole-brain network approach, we provide evidence for targeted neuromodulatory effects of a combined tDCS-and-training intervention. We show for the first time that gray matter alterations of microstructure (assessed by DTI-derived MD) may be involved in tDCS-enhanced cognitive training. Increased knowledge on how combined interventions modulate neural networks in older adults, will help the development of specific therapeutic interventions against age-associated cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Thams
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nadine Külzow
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany.,Neurological Rehabilitation Clinic, Kliniken Beelitz GmbH, Beelitz, Germany
| | - Agnes Flöel
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Standort Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Daria Antonenko
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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21
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MicroRNA-206 down-regulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells alleviate cognitive decline in D-galactose-induced aging mice. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:304. [PMID: 35781287 PMCID: PMC9250929 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01097-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Non-pathological cognitive decline is a neurodegenerative condition associated with brain aging owing to epigenetic changes, telomere shortening, stem cells exhaustion, or altered differentiation. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) have shown excellent therapeutic prospects on the hallmarks of aging. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role of hUCMSCs with down-regulated miRNA-206 (hUCMSCs anti-miR-206) on cognitive decline and the underlying mechanism. Methods After daily subcutaneous injection of D-gal (500 mg/kg/d) for 8 weeks, 17-week-old male C57BL/6 J mice were stem cells transplanted by lateral ventricular localization injection. During the 10-day rest period, were tested the behavioral experiments applied to cognitive behavior in the hippocampus. And then, the mice were sacrificed for sampling to complete the molecular and morphological experiments. Results Our behavioral experiments of open field test (OFT), new object recognition test (NOR), and Y-maze revealed that D-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging mice treated with hUCMSCs anti-miR-206 had no obvious spontaneous activity disorder and had recovery in learning and spatial memory ability compared with the PBS-treated group. The hUCMSCs anti-miR-206 reconstituted neuronal physiological function in the hippocampal regions of the aging mice with an increase of Nissl bodies and the overexpression of Egr-1, BDNF, and PSD-95. Conclusion This study first reports that hUCMSCs anti-miR-206 could provide a novel stem cell-based antiaging therapeutic approach.
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22
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Niu Y, Sun J, Wang B, Yang Y, Wen X, Xiang J. Trajectories of brain entropy across lifetime estimated by resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:4359-4369. [PMID: 35615859 PMCID: PMC9435012 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain is a complex system of interconnected brain regions that form functional networks with differing roles in cognition and behavior. However, the trajectories of these functional networks across development are unclear and designing a metric to track the complex trajectory of these characteristics throughout the lifespan is challenging. Here, permutation entropy (PE) was used to examine age‐related variations in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in healthy subjects aged 6–85 from global, network, and nodal perspectives. The global PE followed an inverted U‐shaped trajectory that peaked at approximately age 40. The trajectory of the motor and somatosensory functional network was more consistent with a linear model and increased with age; other functional networks showed inverted U‐shaped trajectories that peaked between 25 and 52 years of age. All nodes showed inverted U‐shaped trajectories. Using cluster analysis, the peak ages of nodes were grouped into three clusters (at 24, 38, and 51 years). Overall, we characterized four aging trajectories: networks with a linear increase, early peak age, intermediate peak age, and older peak age. These findings suggest possible complexity in trajectories at critical age points regarding changes in related functional brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Niu
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Sun
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanli Yang
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xin Wen
- College of Software, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
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23
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Xue X, Wu JJ, Huo BB, Xing XX, Ma J, Li YL, Wei D, Duan YJ, Shan CL, Zheng MX, Hua XY, Xu JG. Age-Related Changes in Topological Properties of Individual Brain Metabolic Networks in Rats. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:895934. [PMID: 35645769 PMCID: PMC9136077 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.895934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal aging causes profound changes of structural degeneration and glucose hypometabolism in the human brain, even in the absence of disease. In recent years, with the extensive exploration of the topological characteristics of the human brain, related studies in rats have begun to investigate. However, age-related alterations of topological properties in individual brain metabolic network of rats remain unknown. In this study, a total of 48 healthy female Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were used, including 24 young rats and 24 aged rats. We used Jensen-Shannon Divergence Similarity Estimation (JSSE) method for constructing individual metabolic networks to explore age-related topological properties and rich-club organization changes. Compared with the young rats, the aged rats showed significantly decreased clustering coefficient (Cp) and local efficiency (Eloc) across the whole-brain metabolic network. In terms of changes in local network measures, degree (D) and nodal efficiency (Enod) of left posterior dorsal hippocampus, and Enod of left olfactory tubercle were higher in the aged rats than in the young rats. About the rich-club analysis, the existence of rich-club organization in individual brain metabolic networks of rats was demonstrated. In addition, our findings further confirmed that rich-club connections were susceptible to aging. Relative to the young rats, the overall strength of rich-club connections was significantly reduced in the aged rats, while the overall strength of feeder and local connections was significantly increased. These findings demonstrated the age-related reorganization principle of the brain structure and improved our understanding of brain alternations during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xue
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Jia Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei-Bei Huo
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Xin Xing
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ma
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Lin Li
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Wei
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Jie Duan
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Lei Shan
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Mou-Xiong Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Mou-Xiong Zheng,
| | - Xu-Yun Hua
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Xu-Yun Hua,
| | - Jian-Guang Xu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jian-Guang Xu,
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24
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Antonenko D, Thams F, Grittner U, Uhrich J, Glöckner F, Li S, Flöel A. Randomized trial of cognitive training and brain stimulation in non-demented older adults. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2022; 8:e12262. [PMID: 35229023 PMCID: PMC8864498 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Given rapid global population aging, developing interventions against age-associated cognitive decline is an important medical and societal goal. We evaluated a cognitive training protocol combined with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on trained and non-trained functions in non-demented older adults. METHODS Fifty-six older adults (65-80 years) were randomly assigned to one of two interventional groups, using age and baseline performance as strata. Both groups performed a nine-session cognitive training over 3 weeks with either concurrent anodal tDCS (atDCS, 1 mA, 20 minutes) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (target intervention) or sham stimulation (control intervention). Primary outcome was performance on the trained letter updating task immediately after training. Secondary outcomes included performance on other executive and memory (near and far transfer) tasks. All tasks were administered at baseline, post-intervention, and at 1- and 7-month follow-up assessments. Prespecified analyses to investigate treatment effects were conducted using mixed-model analyses. RESULTS No between-group differences emerged in the trained letter updating and Markov decision-making tasks at post-intervention and at follow-up timepoints. Secondary analyses revealed group differences in one near-transfer task: Superior n-back task performance was observed in the tDCS group at post-intervention and at follow-up. No such effects were observed for the other transfer tasks. Improvements in working memory were associated with individually induced electric field strengths. DISCUSSION Cognitive training with atDCS did not lead to superior improvement in trained task performance compared to cognitive training with sham stimulation. Thus, our results do not support the immediate benefit of tDCS-assisted multi-session cognitive training on the trained function. As the intervention enhanced performance in a near-transfer working memory task, we provide exploratory evidence for effects on non-trained working memory functions in non-demented older adults that persist over a period of 1 month.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Antonenko
- Department of NeurologyUniversitätsmedizin GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Friederike Thams
- Department of NeurologyUniversitätsmedizin GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Ulrike Grittner
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH)BerlinGermany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlin Institute of HealthInstitute of Biometry and Clinical EpidemiologyBerlinGermany
| | - Jessica Uhrich
- Department of NeurologyUniversitätsmedizin GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Franka Glöckner
- Lifespan Developmental NeuroscienceFaculty of PsychologyTU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Shu‐Chen Li
- Lifespan Developmental NeuroscienceFaculty of PsychologyTU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Agnes Flöel
- Department of NeurologyUniversitätsmedizin GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Standort GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
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25
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Tucker-Drob EM, de la Fuente J, Köhncke Y, Brandmaier AM, Nyberg L, Lindenberger U. A strong dependency between changes in fluid and crystallized abilities in human cognitive aging. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj2422. [PMID: 35108051 PMCID: PMC8809681 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj2422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Theories of adult cognitive development classically distinguish between fluid abilities, which require effortful processing at the time of assessment, and crystallized abilities, which require the retrieval and application of knowledge. On average, fluid abilities decline throughout adulthood, whereas crystallized abilities show gains into old age. These diverging age trends, along with marked individual differences in rates of change, have led to the proposition that individuals might compensate for fluid declines with crystallized gains. Here, using data from two large longitudinal studies, we show that rates of change are strongly correlated across fluid and crystallized abilities. Hence, individuals showing greater losses in fluid abilities tend to show smaller gains, or even losses, in crystallized abilities. This observed commonality between fluid and crystallized changes places constraints on theories of compensation and directs attention toward domain-general drivers of adult cognitive decline and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot M. Tucker-Drob
- Department of Psychology, Center on Aging and Population Sciences, and Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Javier de la Fuente
- Department of Psychology, Center on Aging and Population Sciences, and Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Ylva Köhncke
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas M. Brandmaier
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany and London, UK
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Departments of Radiation Sciences and Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany and London, UK
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26
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Boltzmann M, Schmidt SB, Gutenbrunner C, Krauss JK, Höglinger GU, Rollnik JD. One-year outcome of brain injured patients undergoing early neurological rehabilitation: a prospective observational study. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:30. [PMID: 35039012 PMCID: PMC8762846 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-02549-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The present study intended to analyze the outcome of patients with severe brain injury one-year after discharge from early rehabilitation. Methods Early neurological rehabilitation patients admitted to intensive or intermediate care units and discharged between June 2018 and May 2020 were screened for eligibility. The level of consciousness was evaluated using the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) upon admission and at discharge. At one-year follow-up, the outcome was assessed with the Glasgow Outcome Scale-extended (GOSE). Demographical and clinical data collected during inpatient rehabilitation were used to predict the outcome 1 year after discharge. Results Two hundred sixty-four patients (174 males, 90 females) with a median age of 62 years (IQR = 51–75) and a median duration of their disease of 18 days (IQR = 12–28) were included in the study. At follow-up, the mortality rate was 27% (n = 71). Age and discharge CRS-R total score were independent predictors in a Cox proportional hazards model with death (yes/no) as the dependent variable. According to the GOSE interviews, most patients were either dead (n = 71; 27%), in a vegetative state (n = 28; 11%) or had a severe disability (n = 124; 47%), whereas only a few patients showed a moderate disability (n = 18; 7%) or a good recovery (n = 23; 9%) 1 year after discharge. Age, non-traumatic etiology, discharge CRS-R total score and length of stay independently predicted whether the outcome was good or poor at follow-up. Conclusion Age was an important predictor for outcome at one-year follow-up, which might be due to altered brain plasticity and more comorbidities in elderly subjects. In addition, the present study demonstrated that the CRS-R total score at discharge might be more important for the prediction of one-year outcome than the initial assessment upon admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Boltzmann
- BDH-Clinic Hessisch Oldendorf, Institute for Neurorehabilitation Research, Associated Institute of Hannover Medical School, Hessisch Oldendorf, Germany.
| | - Simone B Schmidt
- BDH-Clinic Hessisch Oldendorf, Institute for Neurorehabilitation Research, Associated Institute of Hannover Medical School, Hessisch Oldendorf, Germany
| | | | - Joachim K Krauss
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Jens D Rollnik
- BDH-Clinic Hessisch Oldendorf, Institute for Neurorehabilitation Research, Associated Institute of Hannover Medical School, Hessisch Oldendorf, Germany
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27
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Ren Y, Li H, Li Y, Wang T, Yang W. Visual Perceptual Load Attenuates Age-Related Audiovisual Integration in an Audiovisual Discrimination Task. Front Psychol 2021; 12:740221. [PMID: 34659055 PMCID: PMC8511317 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.740221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies confirmed that the cognitive resources are limited for each person, and perceptual load affects the detection of stimulus greatly; however, how the visual perceptual load influences audiovisual integration (AVI) is still unclear. Here, 20 older and 20 younger adults were recruited to perform an auditory/visual discrimination task under various visual perceptual-load conditions. The analysis for the response times revealed a significantly faster response to the audiovisual stimulus than to the visual stimulus or auditory stimulus (all p < 0.001), and a significantly slower response by the older adults than by the younger adults to all targets (all p ≤ 0.024). The race-model analysis revealed a higher AV facilitation effect for older (12.54%) than for younger (7.08%) adults under low visual perceptual-load conditions; however, no obvious difference was found between younger (2.92%) and older (3.06%) adults under medium visual perceptual-load conditions. Only the AV depression effect was found for both younger and older adults under high visual perceptual-load conditions. Additionally, the peak latencies of AVI were significantly delayed in older adults under all visual perceptual-load conditions. These results suggested that visual perceptual load decreased AVI (i.e., depression effects), and the AVI effect was increased but delayed for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanna Ren
- Department of Psychology, College of Humanities and Management, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Hannan Li
- University Science Park Management Center, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Psychology, College of Humanities and Management, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Light and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Light Industry Technical College, Guiyang, China
| | - Weiping Yang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
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28
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Fujiyama H, Tan J, Puri R, Hinder MR. Influence of tDCS over right inferior frontal gyrus and pre-supplementary motor area on perceptual decision-making and response inhibition: A healthy ageing perspective. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 109:11-21. [PMID: 34634749 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A wide body of literature suggests that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) administered over the prefrontal cortex can improve executive function - including decision-making and inhibitory control - in healthy young adults. However, the effects of tDCS in older adults are largely unknown. Here, using a double-blind, sham-controlled approach, changes in a combined perceptual decision-making and inhibitory control task were assessed before and after the application of tDCS (1 mA, 20 minute) targeting the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) or pre-supplementary motor area (preSMA) in 42 young (18-34 years) and 41 older (60-80 years) healthy adults. Compared to sham stimulation, anodal tDCS over the preSMA improved decision-making speed for both age groups. Furthermore, the inhibitory control performance of older and younger adults was improved by preSMA and rIFG stimulation, respectively. This study provides evidence that tDCS can improve both perceptual decision-making and inhibitory control in healthy older adults, with the causal role of the preSMA and rIFG regions in cognitive control appearing to vary as a function of healthy ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakuei Fujiyama
- Psychology, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Jane Tan
- Action and Cognition Laboratory, Discipline of Psychology, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Rohan Puri
- Sensorimotor Neuroscience and Ageing Research Group, School of Psychological Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Mark R Hinder
- Sensorimotor Neuroscience and Ageing Research Group, School of Psychological Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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29
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Melatonin: From Neurobiology to Treatment. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11091121. [PMID: 34573143 PMCID: PMC8468230 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, the major regulator of the sleep/wake cycle, also plays important physiological and pharmacological roles in the control of neuronal plasticity and neuroprotection. Accordingly, the secretion of this hormone reaches the maximal extent during brain development (childhood-adolescence) while it is greatly reduced during aging, a condition associated to altered sleep pattern and reduced neuronal plasticity. Altogether, these properties of melatonin have allowed us to demonstrate in both experimental models and clinical studies the great chronobiotic efficacy and sleep promoting effects of exogenous melatonin. Thus, the prolonged release formulation of melatonin, present as a drug in the pharmaceutical market, has been recently recommended for the treatment of insomnia in over 55 years old subjects.
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30
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McPherson BC, Pestilli F. A single mode of population covariation associates brain networks structure and behavior and predicts individual subjects' age. Commun Biol 2021; 4:943. [PMID: 34354185 PMCID: PMC8342440 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02451-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple human behaviors improve early in life, peaking in young adulthood, and declining thereafter. Several properties of brain structure and function progress similarly across the lifespan. Cognitive and neuroscience research has approached aging primarily using associations between a few behaviors, brain functions, and structures. Because of this, the multivariate, global factors relating brain and behavior across the lifespan are not well understood. We investigated the global patterns of associations between 334 behavioral and clinical measures and 376 brain structural connections in 594 individuals across the lifespan. A single-axis associated changes in multiple behavioral domains and brain structural connections (r = 0.5808). Individual variability within the single association axis well predicted the age of the subject (r = 0.6275). Representational similarity analysis evidenced global patterns of interactions across multiple brain network systems and behavioral domains. Results show that global processes of human aging can be well captured by a multivariate data fusion approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent C McPherson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Franco Pestilli
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA.
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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31
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Guttman ZR, Ghahremani DG, Pochon JB, Dean AC, London ED. Age Influences Loss Aversion Through Effects on Posterior Cingulate Cortical Thickness. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:673106. [PMID: 34321994 PMCID: PMC8311492 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.673106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Decision-making strategies shift during normal aging and can profoundly affect wellbeing. Although overweighing losses compared to gains, termed "loss aversion," plays an important role in choice selection, the age trajectory of this effect and how it may be influenced by associated changes in brain structure remain unclear. We therefore investigated the relationship between age and loss aversion, and tested for its mediation by cortical thinning in brain regions that are susceptible to age-related declines and are implicated in loss aversion - the insular, orbitofrontal, and anterior and posterior cingulate cortices. Healthy participants (n = 106, 17-54 years) performed the Loss Aversion Task. A subgroup (n = 78) provided structural magnetic resonance imaging scans. Loss aversion followed a curvilinear trajectory, declining in young adulthood and increasing in middle-age, and thinning of the posterior cingulate cortex mediated this trajectory. The findings suggest that beyond a threshold in middle adulthood, atrophy of the posterior cingulate cortex influences loss aversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe R. Guttman
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Dara G. Ghahremani
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jean-Baptiste Pochon
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Andy C. Dean
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Edythe D. London
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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32
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Kwon JY, Wormley AS, Varnum MEW. Changing cultures, changing brains: A framework for integrating cultural neuroscience and cultural change research. Biol Psychol 2021; 162:108087. [PMID: 33781802 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cultural neuroscience research has provided substantial evidence that culture shapes the brain by providing systematically different sets of experiences. However, cultures are ever-changing in response to the physical and social environment. In the present paper, we integrate theories and methods from cultural neuroscience with the emerging body of research on cultural change and suggest several ways in which the two fields can inform each other. First, we propose that the cultural change perspective helps us reexamine what is meant by culturally typical experiences, which are shaped by the dynamic interaction between cultural norms, values, meanings, and other environmental constraints on behavior. It also allows us to make predictions about the variability/stability of cultural neural differences over time. Then, we discuss how methods used in cultural change research may be applied to cultural neuroscience research and vice versa. We end with a "blue sky vision" for a neuroscience of cultural change.
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Laptinskaya D, Küster OC, Fissler P, Thurm F, Von Arnim CAF, Kolassa IT. No Evidence That Cognitive and Physical Activities Are Related to Changes in EEG Markers of Cognition in Older Adults at Risk of Dementia. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:610839. [PMID: 33815087 PMCID: PMC8017171 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.610839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An active lifestyle as well as cognitive and physical training (PT) may benefit cognition by increasing cognitive reserve, but the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of this reserve capacity are not well understood. To investigate these mechanisms of cognitive reserve, we focused on electrophysiological correlates of cognitive performance, namely on an event-related measure of auditory memory and on a measure of global coherence. Both measures have shown to be sensitive markers for cognition and might therefore be suitable to investigate potential training- and lifestyle-related changes. Here, we report on the results of an electrophysiological sub-study that correspond to previously published behavioral findings. Altogether, 65 older adults with subjective or objective cognitive impairment and aged 60-88 years were assigned to a 10-week cognitive (n = 19) or a 10-week PT (n = 21) or to a passive control group (n = 25). In addition, self-reported lifestyle was assessed at baseline. We did not find an effect of both training groups on electroencephalography (EEG) measures of auditory memory decay or global coherence (ps ≥ 0.29) and a more active lifestyle was not associated with improved global coherence (p = 0.38). Results suggest that a 10-week unimodal cognitive or PT and an active lifestyle in older adults at risk for dementia are not strongly related to improvements in electrophysiological correlates of cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Laptinskaya
- Clinical and Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Olivia Caroline Küster
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Clinic for Neurogeriatrics and Neurological Rehabilitation, University- and Rehabilitation Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Patrick Fissler
- Clinical and Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Psychiatric Services of Thurgovia, Academic Teaching Hospital of Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Muensterlingen, Switzerland
| | - Franka Thurm
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Faculty of Psychology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christine A. F. Von Arnim
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Division of Geriatrics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Iris-Tatjana Kolassa
- Clinical and Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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34
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Brambilla M, Dinkelbach L, Bigler A, Williams J, Zokaei N, Cohen Kadosh R, Brem AK. The Effect of Transcranial Random Noise Stimulation on Cognitive Training Outcome in Healthy Aging. Front Neurol 2021; 12:625359. [PMID: 33767658 PMCID: PMC7985554 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.625359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Aging is associated with a decline in attentional and executive abilities, which are linked to physiological, structural, and functional brain changes. A variety of novel non-invasive brain stimulation methods have been probed in terms of their neuroenhancement efficacy in the last decade; one that holds significant promise is transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) that delivers an alternate current at random amplitude and frequency. The aim of this study was to investigate whether repeated sessions of tRNS applied as an add-on to cognitive training (CT) may induce long-term near and far transfer cognitive improvements. Methods: In this sham-controlled, randomized, double-blinded study forty-two older adults (age range 60-86 years) were randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups that received 20 min of 0.705 mA tRNS (N = 14), 1 mA tRNS (N = 14), or sham tRNS (N = 19) combined with 30 min of CT of executive functions (cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, working memory). tRNS was applied bilaterally over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortices for five sessions. The primary outcome (non-verbal logical reasoning) and other cognitive functions (attention, memory, executive functions) were assessed before and after the intervention and at a 1-month follow-up. Results: Non-verbal logical reasoning, inhibitory control and reaction time improved significantly over time, but stimulation did not differentially affect this improvement. These changes occurred during CT, while no further improvement was observed during follow-up. Performance change in logical reasoning was significantly correlated with age in the group receiving 1 mA tRNS, indicating that older participants profited more from tRNS than younger participants. Performance change in non-verbal working memory was significantly correlated with age in the group receiving sham tRNS, indicating that in contrast to active tRNS, older participants in the sham group declined more than younger participants. Interpretation: CT induced cognitive improvements in all treatment groups, but tRNS did not modulate most of these cognitive improvements. However, the effect of tRNS depended on age in some cognitive functions. We discuss possible explanations leading to this result that can help to improve the design of future neuroenhancement studies in older populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Brambilla
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Department, Center for Research and Treatment on Cognitive Dysfunctions, “Luigi Sacco” Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lars Dinkelbach
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Annelien Bigler
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joseph Williams
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nahid Zokaei
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Roi Cohen Kadosh
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anna-Katharine Brem
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurology, Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Division for Cognitive Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorenzo Conti
- Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
- Center for Neurobiology of Aging, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy.
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36
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Sanches C, Stengel C, Godard J, Mertz J, Teichmann M, Migliaccio R, Valero-Cabré A. Past, Present, and Future of Non-invasive Brain Stimulation Approaches to Treat Cognitive Impairment in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Time for a Comprehensive Critical Review. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 12:578339. [PMID: 33551785 PMCID: PMC7854576 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.578339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Low birth rates and increasing life expectancy experienced by developed societies have placed an unprecedented pressure on governments and the health system to deal effectively with the human, social and financial burden associated to aging-related diseases. At present, ∼24 million people worldwide suffer from cognitive neurodegenerative diseases, a prevalence that doubles every five years. Pharmacological therapies and cognitive training/rehabilitation have generated temporary hope and, occasionally, proof of mild relief. Nonetheless, these approaches are yet to demonstrate a meaningful therapeutic impact and changes in prognosis. We here review evidence gathered for nearly a decade on non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS), a less known therapeutic strategy aiming to limit cognitive decline associated with neurodegenerative conditions. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation, two of the most popular NIBS technologies, use electrical fields generated non-invasively in the brain to long-lastingly enhance the excitability/activity of key brain regions contributing to relevant cognitive processes. The current comprehensive critical review presents proof-of-concept evidence and meaningful cognitive outcomes of NIBS in eight of the most prevalent neurodegenerative pathologies affecting cognition: Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Dementia with Lewy Bodies, Primary Progressive Aphasias (PPA), behavioral variant of Frontotemporal Dementia, Corticobasal Syndrome, Progressive Supranuclear Palsy, and Posterior Cortical Atrophy. We analyzed a total of 70 internationally published studies: 33 focusing on Alzheimer's disease, 19 on PPA and 18 on the remaining neurodegenerative pathologies. The therapeutic benefit and clinical significance of NIBS remains inconclusive, in particular given the lack of a sufficient number of double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials using multiday stimulation regimes, the heterogeneity of the protocols, and adequate behavioral and neuroimaging response biomarkers, able to show lasting effects and an impact on prognosis. The field remains promising but, to make further progress, research efforts need to take in account the latest evidence of the anatomical and neurophysiological features underlying cognitive deficits in these patient populations. Moreover, as the development of in vivo biomarkers are ongoing, allowing for an early diagnosis of these neuro-cognitive conditions, one could consider a scenario in which NIBS treatment will be personalized and made part of a cognitive rehabilitation program, or useful as a potential adjunct to drug therapies since the earliest stages of suh diseases. Research should also integrate novel knowledge on the mechanisms and constraints guiding the impact of electrical and magnetic fields on cerebral tissues and brain activity, and incorporate the principles of information-based neurostimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Sanches
- Cerebral Dynamics, Plasticity and Rehabilitation Group, FRONTLAB Team, CNRS UMR 7225, INSERM U 1127, Institut du Cerveau, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Chloé Stengel
- Cerebral Dynamics, Plasticity and Rehabilitation Group, FRONTLAB Team, CNRS UMR 7225, INSERM U 1127, Institut du Cerveau, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Godard
- Cerebral Dynamics, Plasticity and Rehabilitation Group, FRONTLAB Team, CNRS UMR 7225, INSERM U 1127, Institut du Cerveau, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Justine Mertz
- Cerebral Dynamics, Plasticity and Rehabilitation Group, FRONTLAB Team, CNRS UMR 7225, INSERM U 1127, Institut du Cerveau, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Marc Teichmann
- Cerebral Dynamics, Plasticity and Rehabilitation Group, FRONTLAB Team, CNRS UMR 7225, INSERM U 1127, Institut du Cerveau, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
- National Reference Center for Rare or Early Onset Dementias, Department of Neurology, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer’s Disease, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Raffaella Migliaccio
- Cerebral Dynamics, Plasticity and Rehabilitation Group, FRONTLAB Team, CNRS UMR 7225, INSERM U 1127, Institut du Cerveau, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
- National Reference Center for Rare or Early Onset Dementias, Department of Neurology, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer’s Disease, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Antoni Valero-Cabré
- Cerebral Dynamics, Plasticity and Rehabilitation Group, FRONTLAB Team, CNRS UMR 7225, INSERM U 1127, Institut du Cerveau, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
- Laboratory for Cerebral Dynamics Plasticity & Rehabilitation, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Cognitive Neuroscience and Information Technology Research Program, Open University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
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37
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Hong X, Chen Y, Wang J, Shen Y, Li Q, Zhao B, Guo X, Feng W, Wu W, Li C. Effects of multi-domain cognitive training on working memory retrieval in older adults: behavioral and ERP evidence from a Chinese community study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1207. [PMID: 33441734 PMCID: PMC7806963 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79784-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Working memory (WM) is a fundamental cognitive function that typically declines with age. Previous studies have shown that targeted WM training has the potential to improve WM performance in older adults. In the present study, we investigated whether a multi-domain cognitive training program that was not designed to specifically target WM could improve the behavioral performance and affect the neural activity during WM retrieval in healthy older adults. We assigned healthy older participants (70-78 years old) from a local community into a training group who completed a 3-month multi-domain cognitive training and a control group who only attended health education lectures during the same period. Behavioral and electroencephalography (EEG) data were recorded from participants while performing an untrained delayed match or non-match to category task and a control task at a pre-training baseline session and a post-training follow-up session. Behaviorally, we found that participants in the training group showed a trend toward greater WM performance gains than participants in the control group. Event-related potential (ERP) results suggest that the task-related modulation of P3 during WM retrieval was significantly enhanced at the follow-up session compared with the baseline session, and importantly, this enhancement of P3 modulation was only significant in the training group. Furthermore, no training-related effects were observed for the P2 or N2 component during WM retrieval. These results suggest that the multi-domain cognitive training program that was not designed to specifically target WM is a promising approach to improve WM performance in older adults, and that training-related gains in performance are likely mediated by an enhanced modulation of P3 which might reflect the process of WM updating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfei Hong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - You Chen
- Shanghai Yangpu District Mental Health Center, Shanghai, 200090, People's Republic of China
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingwei Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, People's Republic of China
| | - Binglei Zhao
- Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenyuan Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunbo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China.
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38
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Balconi M, Angioletti L, Cassioli F, Crivelli D. Neurocognitive Empowerment in Healthy Aging: a Pilot Study on the Effect of Non-invasive Brain Stimulation on Executive Functions. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE ENHANCEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41465-020-00203-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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39
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Bystad M, Storø B, Gundersen N, Wiik IL, Nordvang L, Grønli O, Rasmussen ID, Aslaksen PM. Can accelerated transcranial direct current stimulation improve memory functions? An experimental, placebo-controlled study. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05132. [PMID: 33033765 PMCID: PMC7533366 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) could improve verbal memory functions in healthy old and younger participants. We hypothesized that active tDCS led to significantly improved memory function, compared to placebo tDCS. Forty healthy participants (20 old and 20 younger participants) were included in the study. We applied a novel stimulation protocol, where six sessions of anodal tDCS were administrated during two consecutive days. Each tDCS session lasted 30 min. The current intensity was 2mA and the stimulation area was the left temporal lobe at T3 in the 10-20 EEG system. Immediate recall, delayed recall and recognition memory were assessed with California Verbal Learning Test II (CVLT-II) and executive functions were assessed with the Trail Making Test (TMT) before the first tDCS session and after the last tDCS session. Half of the participants received placebo tDCS, whereas the other half received active tDCS. We did not reveal any significant differences between active and placebo tDCS in memory functions. However, there was a significant difference between active and placebo tDCS in executive function measured by the Trail Making Test (TMT). This experimental study failed to reveal significant differences between active and placebo accelerated tDCS for verbal memory functions. However, accelerated tDCS was found to be well-tolerated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bystad
- Department of Psychology, Research Group for Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Geropsychiatry, University Hospital of North Norway, Norway
| | - Benedicte Storø
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nina Gundersen
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ida Larsen Wiik
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lene Nordvang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ole Grønli
- Department of Geropsychiatry, University Hospital of North Norway, Norway
| | - Ingrid Daae Rasmussen
- Department of Psychology, Research Group for Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Norway
| | - Per M Aslaksen
- Department of Psychology, Research Group for Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of North Norway, Norway
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Ausili SA, Agterberg MJH, Engel A, Voelter C, Thomas JP, Brill S, Snik AFM, Dazert S, Van Opstal AJ, Mylanus EAM. Spatial Hearing by Bilateral Cochlear Implant Users With Temporal Fine-Structure Processing. Front Neurol 2020; 11:915. [PMID: 33101160 PMCID: PMC7554532 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated the advantages of the bilateral vs. unilateral cochlear implantation in listeners with bilateral severe to profound hearing loss. However, it remains unclear to what extent bilaterally implanted listeners have access to binaural cues, e.g., accurate processing of interaural timing differences (ITDs) for low-frequency sounds (<1.5 kHz) and interaural level differences (ILDs) for high frequencies (>3 kHz). We tested 25 adult listeners, bilaterally implanted with MED-EL cochlear implant (CI) devices, with and without fine-structure (FS) temporal processing as encoding strategy in the low-frequency channels. In order to assess whether the ability to process binaural cues was affected by fine-structure processing, we performed psychophysical ILD and ITD sensitivity measurements and free-field sound localization experiments. We compared the results of the bilaterally implanted listeners with different numbers of FS channels. All CI listeners demonstrated good sensitivity to ILDs, but relatively poor to ITD cues. Although there was a large variability in performance, some bilateral CI users showed remarkably good localization skills. The FS coding strategy for bilateral CI hearing did not improve fine-structure ITD processing for spatial hearing on a group level. However, some CI listeners were able to exploit weakly informative temporal cues to improve their low-frequency spatial perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián A Ausili
- Department of Biophysics, Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Martijn J H Agterberg
- Department of Biophysics, Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Andreas Engel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, St. Elisabeth-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christiane Voelter
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, St. Elisabeth-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jan Peter Thomas
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, St. Elisabeth-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Ad F M Snik
- Department of Biophysics, Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Stefan Dazert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, St. Elisabeth-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - A John Van Opstal
- Department of Biophysics, Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Emmanuel A M Mylanus
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Sznitman SR, Vulfsons S, Meiri D, Weinstein G. Medical cannabis and cognitive performance in middle to old adults treated for chronic pain. Drug Alcohol Rev 2020; 40:272-280. [PMID: 32964502 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Cannabis exposure is becoming more common in older age but little is known about how it is associated with brain health in this population. This study assesses the relationship between long-term medical cannabis (MC) use and cognitive function in a sample of middle-aged and old chronic pain patients. DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among chronic pain patients aged 50+ years who had MC licenses (n = 63) and a comparison group who did not have MC licenses (n = 62). CogState computerised brief battery was used to assess cognitive performance of psychomotor reaction, attention, working memory and new learning. Regression models and Bayesian t-tests examined differences in cognitive performance in the two groups. Furthermore, the associations between MC use patterns (dosage, cannabinoid concentrations, length and frequency of use and hours since last use) with cognition were assessed among MC licensed patients. RESULTS Mean age was 63 ± 6 and 60 ± 5 years in the non-exposed and MC patients, respectively. Groups did not significantly differ in terms of cognitive performance measures. Furthermore, none of the MC use patterns were associated with cognitive performance. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that use of whole plant MC does not have a widespread impact on cognition in older chronic pain patients. Considering the increasing use of MC in older populations, this study could be a first step towards a better risk-benefit assessment of MC treatment in this population. Future studies are urgently needed to further clarify the implications of late-life cannabis use for brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon R Sznitman
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Simon Vulfsons
- Institute for Pain Medicine, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.,Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - David Meiri
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Galit Weinstein
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Effect of Combined Physical and Cognitive Interventions on Executive Functions in OLDER Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Outcomes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176166. [PMID: 32854323 PMCID: PMC7504145 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background: Both physical exercise and cognitive training can effectively improve executive functions in older adults. However, whether physical activity combined with cognitive training is more effective than a single intervention remains controversial. The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of combined physical and cognitive interventions on executive functions in older adults aged 65–80 years old. Methods: Randomized controlled trials of combined physical and cognitive interventions on executive functions in older adults were searched using the Web of Science, Elsevier Science, PubMed, EBSCO, Springer-Link, and NATURE databases. Data extraction and quality evaluation were done by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis, V3. Results: A total of 21 studies were included. The results showed that the combined physical and cognitive interventions produced significantly larger gains in executive functions, compared to the control group (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.14, 0.39], p < 0.01). Furthermore, the effects of the combined physical and cognitive interventions were moderated by the study quality, intervention length, and intervention frequency. No significant differences were found between the combined interventions and the physical intervention alone (SMD = 0.13, 95% CI [−0.07, 0.33], p > 0.05) or the cognitive intervention alone (SMD = 0.13, 95% CI [−0.05, 0.30], p > 0.05). Conclusions: The combined physical and cognitive interventions effectively delayed the decrease of executive functions in older adults and this effect was influenced by the length and frequency of the intervention as well as the research quality. However, the effect of the combined physical and cognitive interventions was not significantly better than that of each intervention alone.
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Nakajima R, Kinoshita M, Nakada M. Motor Functional Reorganization Is Triggered by Tumor Infiltration Into the Primary Motor Area and Repeated Surgery. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:327. [PMID: 32922279 PMCID: PMC7457049 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with gliomas, motor deficits are not always observed, even though tumor cells infiltrate into the motor area. Currently, it is recognized that this phenomenon can occur through the neuroplasticity potential. The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics of motor functional reorganization in gliomas. Out of 100 consecutive patients who underwent awake surgery, 29 patients were assessed as regards their motor function and were retrospectively explored to determine whether positive motor responses were elicited. A total of 73 positive mapping sites from 27 cases were identified, and their spatial anatomical locations and activated region by functional MRI were analyzed. Additionally, the factors promoting neuroplasticity were analyzed through multiple logistic regression analysis. As a result, a total of 60 points (21 cases) were found in place, while 13 points (17.8%) were found to be shifted from anatomical localization. Reorganizations were classified into three categories: Type 1 (move to ipsilateral different gyrus) was detected at nine points (four cases), and they moved into the postcentral gyrus. Type 2 (move within the ipsilateral precentral gyrus) was detected at four points (two cases). Unknown type (two cases) was categorized as those whose motor functional cortex was moved to other regions, although we could not find the compensated motor area. Two factors for the onset of reorganization were identified: tumor cells infiltrate into the primary motor area and repeated surgery (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0070, respectively). Our study demonstrated that compensation can occur mainly in two ways, and it promoted repeated surgery and infiltration of tumor into the primary motor area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riho Nakajima
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Kinoshita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Haas CB, de Carvalho AK, Muller AP, Eggen BJ, Portela LV. Insulin activates microglia and increases COX-2/IL-1β expression in young but not in aged hippocampus. Brain Res 2020; 1741:146884. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Song J, Liu D, Zhang M, Wang H, Tan S. Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) combined with working memory training to improve cognitive function in schizophrenia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2020; 21:683. [PMID: 32727539 PMCID: PMC7387875 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04563-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Working memory deficit is one of the most critical complex cognitive impairments in schizophrenia. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an effective adjuvant therapy, but not still unsatisfactory. Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), which has recently been used in clinical practice, may have faster and stronger effects comparing the traditional model (10-Hz high-frequency rTMS). A large number of studies have showed that rTMS, especially iTBS, can enhance the neural plasticity of the brain, and cognitive training can improve the cognitive function of schizophrenia. Is there any facilitation effect of iTBS add on cognitive training (such as working memory training, WMT) on cognitive function enhancement in schizophrenia is still unknown. METHODS/DESIGN The proposed study is designed of a double-center, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial that will include 200 schizophrenia patients between 18 and 45 years of age. The patients will be randomized to four groups, i.e., the study group (iTBS+WMT), WMS control group (iTBS+ Simple Response Training (SRT)), iTBS control group (sham iTBS+WMT), and placebo control (sham iTBS+SRT). The patients will receive 3 min 20 s of real or sham stimulation, followed by a short 1-2-min rest and 40 min of WMT training or SRT immediately. Neuropsychological and clinical symptom assessments, with functional and structural MRI, will be performed on baseline, post-treatment, and 3- and 6-month follow-up periods. The primary outcome is cognitive function measured by the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). The secondary outcomes are changes in neuroplasticity, as measured by MRI and other behavioral assessments. DISCUSSION The aim of our study is to explore the facilitation effects of iTBS added on WMT in improving cognitive function of schizophrenia. That means, patients with schizophrenia will benefit more in cognitive function improvement from the combination training mode of "preheating (iTBS stimulation changes the neural activity of working memory-related brain regions) and ironning (working memory training)." And the long-term effects of this combined training model will be assessed at a 6-month follow-up period. In case of a significant improvement of working memory with a prolonged effect, the iTBS combined with WMT protocol could be considered as a first-line clinical protocol in schizophrenia treatment. More broadly, the potential for increased universality and efficiency of rTMS with the iTBS model to enhance the neural plasticity of the brain should have a more positive effect on cognitive function in schizophrenia. TRIAL REGISTRATION chictr.org.cn ChiCTR1900023405 . Registered on 25 May 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Song
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Huiqiu Wang
- Department of Psychiatry Rehabilitation, Anning Hospital, Shenyang, 110164, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuping Tan
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, 100096, China.
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Estraneo A, Fiorenza S, Magliacano A, Formisano R, Mattia D, Grippo A, Romoli AM, Angelakis E, Cassol H, Thibaut A, Gosseries O, Lamberti G, Noé E, Bagnato S, Edlow BL, Chatelle C, Lejeune N, Veeramuthu V, Bartolo M, Toppi J, Zasler N, Schnakers C, Trojano L. Multicenter prospective study on predictors of short-term outcome in disorders of consciousness. Neurology 2020; 95:e1488-e1499. [PMID: 32661102 PMCID: PMC7713739 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000010254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This international multicenter, prospective, observational study aimed at identifying predictors of short-term clinical outcome in patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness (DoC) due to acquired severe brain injury. METHODS Patients in vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (VS/UWS) or in minimally conscious state (MCS) were enrolled within 3 months from their brain injury in 12 specialized medical institutions. Demographic, anamnestic, clinical, and neurophysiologic data were collected at study entry. Patients were then followed up for assessing the primary outcome, that is, clinical diagnosis according to standardized criteria at 6 months postinjury. RESULTS We enrolled 147 patients (44 women; mean age 49.4 [95% confidence interval 46.1-52.6] years; VS/UWS 71, MCS 76; traumatic 55, vascular 56, anoxic 36; mean time postinjury 59.6 [55.4-63.6] days). The 6-month follow-up was complete for 143 patients (VS/UWS 70; MCS 73). With respect to study entry, the clinical diagnosis improved in 72 patients (VS/UWS 27; MCS 45). Younger age, shorter time postinjury, higher Coma Recovery Scale-Revised total score, and presence of EEG reactivity to eye opening at study entry predicted better outcome, whereas etiology, clinical diagnosis, Disability Rating Scale score, EEG background activity, acoustic reactivity, and P300 on event-related potentials were not associated with outcome. CONCLUSIONS Multimodal assessment could identify patients with higher likelihood of clinical improvement in order to help clinicians, families, and funding sources with various aspects of decision-making. This multicenter, international study aims to stimulate further research that drives international consensus regarding standardization of prognostic procedures for patients with DoC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Estraneo
- From IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi (A.E., A.G., A.M.R.), Florence; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS (S.F.), SB S.p.A., Laboratorio di Valutazione Multimodale dei Disordini della Coscienza, Telese Terme (BN); Department of Psychology (A.M., L.T.), University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta; Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS (R.F., D.M.), Rome, Italy; Neurosurgery Department (E.A.), University of Athens Medical School, Greece; Coma Science Group (H.C., A.T., O.G.), GIGA Consciousness, University and University Hospital of Liège, Belgium; Neurorehabilitation and Vegetative State Unit (G.L.), E. Viglietta, Cuneo, Italy; NEURORHB-Servicio de Neurorrehabilitación de Hospitales Vithas (E.N.), Valencia, Spain; Unit of Neurophysiology and Unit for Severe Acquired Brain Injuries (S.B.), Rehabilitation Department, Giuseppe Giglio Foundation, Cefalù, Italy; Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (B.L.E., C.C.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; CHN William Lennox (N.L.), Ottignies, Belgium; Department of Psychology (V.V.), University of Reading Malaysia; Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.B.), HABILITA Zingonia/Ciserano, Bergamo; Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering (J.T.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Concussion Care Centre of Virginia, Ltd. (N.Z.), Richmond; and Research Institute (C.S.), Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for Healthcare, Pomona, CA.
| | - Salvatore Fiorenza
- From IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi (A.E., A.G., A.M.R.), Florence; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS (S.F.), SB S.p.A., Laboratorio di Valutazione Multimodale dei Disordini della Coscienza, Telese Terme (BN); Department of Psychology (A.M., L.T.), University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta; Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS (R.F., D.M.), Rome, Italy; Neurosurgery Department (E.A.), University of Athens Medical School, Greece; Coma Science Group (H.C., A.T., O.G.), GIGA Consciousness, University and University Hospital of Liège, Belgium; Neurorehabilitation and Vegetative State Unit (G.L.), E. Viglietta, Cuneo, Italy; NEURORHB-Servicio de Neurorrehabilitación de Hospitales Vithas (E.N.), Valencia, Spain; Unit of Neurophysiology and Unit for Severe Acquired Brain Injuries (S.B.), Rehabilitation Department, Giuseppe Giglio Foundation, Cefalù, Italy; Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (B.L.E., C.C.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; CHN William Lennox (N.L.), Ottignies, Belgium; Department of Psychology (V.V.), University of Reading Malaysia; Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.B.), HABILITA Zingonia/Ciserano, Bergamo; Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering (J.T.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Concussion Care Centre of Virginia, Ltd. (N.Z.), Richmond; and Research Institute (C.S.), Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for Healthcare, Pomona, CA
| | - Alfonso Magliacano
- From IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi (A.E., A.G., A.M.R.), Florence; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS (S.F.), SB S.p.A., Laboratorio di Valutazione Multimodale dei Disordini della Coscienza, Telese Terme (BN); Department of Psychology (A.M., L.T.), University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta; Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS (R.F., D.M.), Rome, Italy; Neurosurgery Department (E.A.), University of Athens Medical School, Greece; Coma Science Group (H.C., A.T., O.G.), GIGA Consciousness, University and University Hospital of Liège, Belgium; Neurorehabilitation and Vegetative State Unit (G.L.), E. Viglietta, Cuneo, Italy; NEURORHB-Servicio de Neurorrehabilitación de Hospitales Vithas (E.N.), Valencia, Spain; Unit of Neurophysiology and Unit for Severe Acquired Brain Injuries (S.B.), Rehabilitation Department, Giuseppe Giglio Foundation, Cefalù, Italy; Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (B.L.E., C.C.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; CHN William Lennox (N.L.), Ottignies, Belgium; Department of Psychology (V.V.), University of Reading Malaysia; Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.B.), HABILITA Zingonia/Ciserano, Bergamo; Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering (J.T.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Concussion Care Centre of Virginia, Ltd. (N.Z.), Richmond; and Research Institute (C.S.), Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for Healthcare, Pomona, CA
| | - Rita Formisano
- From IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi (A.E., A.G., A.M.R.), Florence; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS (S.F.), SB S.p.A., Laboratorio di Valutazione Multimodale dei Disordini della Coscienza, Telese Terme (BN); Department of Psychology (A.M., L.T.), University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta; Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS (R.F., D.M.), Rome, Italy; Neurosurgery Department (E.A.), University of Athens Medical School, Greece; Coma Science Group (H.C., A.T., O.G.), GIGA Consciousness, University and University Hospital of Liège, Belgium; Neurorehabilitation and Vegetative State Unit (G.L.), E. Viglietta, Cuneo, Italy; NEURORHB-Servicio de Neurorrehabilitación de Hospitales Vithas (E.N.), Valencia, Spain; Unit of Neurophysiology and Unit for Severe Acquired Brain Injuries (S.B.), Rehabilitation Department, Giuseppe Giglio Foundation, Cefalù, Italy; Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (B.L.E., C.C.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; CHN William Lennox (N.L.), Ottignies, Belgium; Department of Psychology (V.V.), University of Reading Malaysia; Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.B.), HABILITA Zingonia/Ciserano, Bergamo; Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering (J.T.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Concussion Care Centre of Virginia, Ltd. (N.Z.), Richmond; and Research Institute (C.S.), Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for Healthcare, Pomona, CA
| | - Donatella Mattia
- From IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi (A.E., A.G., A.M.R.), Florence; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS (S.F.), SB S.p.A., Laboratorio di Valutazione Multimodale dei Disordini della Coscienza, Telese Terme (BN); Department of Psychology (A.M., L.T.), University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta; Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS (R.F., D.M.), Rome, Italy; Neurosurgery Department (E.A.), University of Athens Medical School, Greece; Coma Science Group (H.C., A.T., O.G.), GIGA Consciousness, University and University Hospital of Liège, Belgium; Neurorehabilitation and Vegetative State Unit (G.L.), E. Viglietta, Cuneo, Italy; NEURORHB-Servicio de Neurorrehabilitación de Hospitales Vithas (E.N.), Valencia, Spain; Unit of Neurophysiology and Unit for Severe Acquired Brain Injuries (S.B.), Rehabilitation Department, Giuseppe Giglio Foundation, Cefalù, Italy; Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (B.L.E., C.C.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; CHN William Lennox (N.L.), Ottignies, Belgium; Department of Psychology (V.V.), University of Reading Malaysia; Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.B.), HABILITA Zingonia/Ciserano, Bergamo; Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering (J.T.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Concussion Care Centre of Virginia, Ltd. (N.Z.), Richmond; and Research Institute (C.S.), Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for Healthcare, Pomona, CA
| | - Antonello Grippo
- From IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi (A.E., A.G., A.M.R.), Florence; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS (S.F.), SB S.p.A., Laboratorio di Valutazione Multimodale dei Disordini della Coscienza, Telese Terme (BN); Department of Psychology (A.M., L.T.), University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta; Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS (R.F., D.M.), Rome, Italy; Neurosurgery Department (E.A.), University of Athens Medical School, Greece; Coma Science Group (H.C., A.T., O.G.), GIGA Consciousness, University and University Hospital of Liège, Belgium; Neurorehabilitation and Vegetative State Unit (G.L.), E. Viglietta, Cuneo, Italy; NEURORHB-Servicio de Neurorrehabilitación de Hospitales Vithas (E.N.), Valencia, Spain; Unit of Neurophysiology and Unit for Severe Acquired Brain Injuries (S.B.), Rehabilitation Department, Giuseppe Giglio Foundation, Cefalù, Italy; Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (B.L.E., C.C.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; CHN William Lennox (N.L.), Ottignies, Belgium; Department of Psychology (V.V.), University of Reading Malaysia; Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.B.), HABILITA Zingonia/Ciserano, Bergamo; Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering (J.T.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Concussion Care Centre of Virginia, Ltd. (N.Z.), Richmond; and Research Institute (C.S.), Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for Healthcare, Pomona, CA
| | - Anna Maria Romoli
- From IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi (A.E., A.G., A.M.R.), Florence; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS (S.F.), SB S.p.A., Laboratorio di Valutazione Multimodale dei Disordini della Coscienza, Telese Terme (BN); Department of Psychology (A.M., L.T.), University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta; Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS (R.F., D.M.), Rome, Italy; Neurosurgery Department (E.A.), University of Athens Medical School, Greece; Coma Science Group (H.C., A.T., O.G.), GIGA Consciousness, University and University Hospital of Liège, Belgium; Neurorehabilitation and Vegetative State Unit (G.L.), E. Viglietta, Cuneo, Italy; NEURORHB-Servicio de Neurorrehabilitación de Hospitales Vithas (E.N.), Valencia, Spain; Unit of Neurophysiology and Unit for Severe Acquired Brain Injuries (S.B.), Rehabilitation Department, Giuseppe Giglio Foundation, Cefalù, Italy; Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (B.L.E., C.C.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; CHN William Lennox (N.L.), Ottignies, Belgium; Department of Psychology (V.V.), University of Reading Malaysia; Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.B.), HABILITA Zingonia/Ciserano, Bergamo; Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering (J.T.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Concussion Care Centre of Virginia, Ltd. (N.Z.), Richmond; and Research Institute (C.S.), Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for Healthcare, Pomona, CA
| | - Efthymios Angelakis
- From IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi (A.E., A.G., A.M.R.), Florence; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS (S.F.), SB S.p.A., Laboratorio di Valutazione Multimodale dei Disordini della Coscienza, Telese Terme (BN); Department of Psychology (A.M., L.T.), University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta; Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS (R.F., D.M.), Rome, Italy; Neurosurgery Department (E.A.), University of Athens Medical School, Greece; Coma Science Group (H.C., A.T., O.G.), GIGA Consciousness, University and University Hospital of Liège, Belgium; Neurorehabilitation and Vegetative State Unit (G.L.), E. Viglietta, Cuneo, Italy; NEURORHB-Servicio de Neurorrehabilitación de Hospitales Vithas (E.N.), Valencia, Spain; Unit of Neurophysiology and Unit for Severe Acquired Brain Injuries (S.B.), Rehabilitation Department, Giuseppe Giglio Foundation, Cefalù, Italy; Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (B.L.E., C.C.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; CHN William Lennox (N.L.), Ottignies, Belgium; Department of Psychology (V.V.), University of Reading Malaysia; Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.B.), HABILITA Zingonia/Ciserano, Bergamo; Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering (J.T.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Concussion Care Centre of Virginia, Ltd. (N.Z.), Richmond; and Research Institute (C.S.), Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for Healthcare, Pomona, CA
| | - Helena Cassol
- From IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi (A.E., A.G., A.M.R.), Florence; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS (S.F.), SB S.p.A., Laboratorio di Valutazione Multimodale dei Disordini della Coscienza, Telese Terme (BN); Department of Psychology (A.M., L.T.), University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta; Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS (R.F., D.M.), Rome, Italy; Neurosurgery Department (E.A.), University of Athens Medical School, Greece; Coma Science Group (H.C., A.T., O.G.), GIGA Consciousness, University and University Hospital of Liège, Belgium; Neurorehabilitation and Vegetative State Unit (G.L.), E. Viglietta, Cuneo, Italy; NEURORHB-Servicio de Neurorrehabilitación de Hospitales Vithas (E.N.), Valencia, Spain; Unit of Neurophysiology and Unit for Severe Acquired Brain Injuries (S.B.), Rehabilitation Department, Giuseppe Giglio Foundation, Cefalù, Italy; Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (B.L.E., C.C.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; CHN William Lennox (N.L.), Ottignies, Belgium; Department of Psychology (V.V.), University of Reading Malaysia; Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.B.), HABILITA Zingonia/Ciserano, Bergamo; Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering (J.T.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Concussion Care Centre of Virginia, Ltd. (N.Z.), Richmond; and Research Institute (C.S.), Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for Healthcare, Pomona, CA
| | - Aurore Thibaut
- From IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi (A.E., A.G., A.M.R.), Florence; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS (S.F.), SB S.p.A., Laboratorio di Valutazione Multimodale dei Disordini della Coscienza, Telese Terme (BN); Department of Psychology (A.M., L.T.), University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta; Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS (R.F., D.M.), Rome, Italy; Neurosurgery Department (E.A.), University of Athens Medical School, Greece; Coma Science Group (H.C., A.T., O.G.), GIGA Consciousness, University and University Hospital of Liège, Belgium; Neurorehabilitation and Vegetative State Unit (G.L.), E. Viglietta, Cuneo, Italy; NEURORHB-Servicio de Neurorrehabilitación de Hospitales Vithas (E.N.), Valencia, Spain; Unit of Neurophysiology and Unit for Severe Acquired Brain Injuries (S.B.), Rehabilitation Department, Giuseppe Giglio Foundation, Cefalù, Italy; Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (B.L.E., C.C.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; CHN William Lennox (N.L.), Ottignies, Belgium; Department of Psychology (V.V.), University of Reading Malaysia; Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.B.), HABILITA Zingonia/Ciserano, Bergamo; Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering (J.T.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Concussion Care Centre of Virginia, Ltd. (N.Z.), Richmond; and Research Institute (C.S.), Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for Healthcare, Pomona, CA
| | - Olivia Gosseries
- From IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi (A.E., A.G., A.M.R.), Florence; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS (S.F.), SB S.p.A., Laboratorio di Valutazione Multimodale dei Disordini della Coscienza, Telese Terme (BN); Department of Psychology (A.M., L.T.), University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta; Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS (R.F., D.M.), Rome, Italy; Neurosurgery Department (E.A.), University of Athens Medical School, Greece; Coma Science Group (H.C., A.T., O.G.), GIGA Consciousness, University and University Hospital of Liège, Belgium; Neurorehabilitation and Vegetative State Unit (G.L.), E. Viglietta, Cuneo, Italy; NEURORHB-Servicio de Neurorrehabilitación de Hospitales Vithas (E.N.), Valencia, Spain; Unit of Neurophysiology and Unit for Severe Acquired Brain Injuries (S.B.), Rehabilitation Department, Giuseppe Giglio Foundation, Cefalù, Italy; Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (B.L.E., C.C.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; CHN William Lennox (N.L.), Ottignies, Belgium; Department of Psychology (V.V.), University of Reading Malaysia; Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.B.), HABILITA Zingonia/Ciserano, Bergamo; Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering (J.T.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Concussion Care Centre of Virginia, Ltd. (N.Z.), Richmond; and Research Institute (C.S.), Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for Healthcare, Pomona, CA
| | - Gianfranco Lamberti
- From IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi (A.E., A.G., A.M.R.), Florence; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS (S.F.), SB S.p.A., Laboratorio di Valutazione Multimodale dei Disordini della Coscienza, Telese Terme (BN); Department of Psychology (A.M., L.T.), University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta; Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS (R.F., D.M.), Rome, Italy; Neurosurgery Department (E.A.), University of Athens Medical School, Greece; Coma Science Group (H.C., A.T., O.G.), GIGA Consciousness, University and University Hospital of Liège, Belgium; Neurorehabilitation and Vegetative State Unit (G.L.), E. Viglietta, Cuneo, Italy; NEURORHB-Servicio de Neurorrehabilitación de Hospitales Vithas (E.N.), Valencia, Spain; Unit of Neurophysiology and Unit for Severe Acquired Brain Injuries (S.B.), Rehabilitation Department, Giuseppe Giglio Foundation, Cefalù, Italy; Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (B.L.E., C.C.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; CHN William Lennox (N.L.), Ottignies, Belgium; Department of Psychology (V.V.), University of Reading Malaysia; Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.B.), HABILITA Zingonia/Ciserano, Bergamo; Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering (J.T.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Concussion Care Centre of Virginia, Ltd. (N.Z.), Richmond; and Research Institute (C.S.), Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for Healthcare, Pomona, CA
| | - Enrique Noé
- From IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi (A.E., A.G., A.M.R.), Florence; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS (S.F.), SB S.p.A., Laboratorio di Valutazione Multimodale dei Disordini della Coscienza, Telese Terme (BN); Department of Psychology (A.M., L.T.), University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta; Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS (R.F., D.M.), Rome, Italy; Neurosurgery Department (E.A.), University of Athens Medical School, Greece; Coma Science Group (H.C., A.T., O.G.), GIGA Consciousness, University and University Hospital of Liège, Belgium; Neurorehabilitation and Vegetative State Unit (G.L.), E. Viglietta, Cuneo, Italy; NEURORHB-Servicio de Neurorrehabilitación de Hospitales Vithas (E.N.), Valencia, Spain; Unit of Neurophysiology and Unit for Severe Acquired Brain Injuries (S.B.), Rehabilitation Department, Giuseppe Giglio Foundation, Cefalù, Italy; Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (B.L.E., C.C.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; CHN William Lennox (N.L.), Ottignies, Belgium; Department of Psychology (V.V.), University of Reading Malaysia; Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.B.), HABILITA Zingonia/Ciserano, Bergamo; Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering (J.T.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Concussion Care Centre of Virginia, Ltd. (N.Z.), Richmond; and Research Institute (C.S.), Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for Healthcare, Pomona, CA
| | - Sergio Bagnato
- From IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi (A.E., A.G., A.M.R.), Florence; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS (S.F.), SB S.p.A., Laboratorio di Valutazione Multimodale dei Disordini della Coscienza, Telese Terme (BN); Department of Psychology (A.M., L.T.), University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta; Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS (R.F., D.M.), Rome, Italy; Neurosurgery Department (E.A.), University of Athens Medical School, Greece; Coma Science Group (H.C., A.T., O.G.), GIGA Consciousness, University and University Hospital of Liège, Belgium; Neurorehabilitation and Vegetative State Unit (G.L.), E. Viglietta, Cuneo, Italy; NEURORHB-Servicio de Neurorrehabilitación de Hospitales Vithas (E.N.), Valencia, Spain; Unit of Neurophysiology and Unit for Severe Acquired Brain Injuries (S.B.), Rehabilitation Department, Giuseppe Giglio Foundation, Cefalù, Italy; Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (B.L.E., C.C.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; CHN William Lennox (N.L.), Ottignies, Belgium; Department of Psychology (V.V.), University of Reading Malaysia; Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.B.), HABILITA Zingonia/Ciserano, Bergamo; Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering (J.T.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Concussion Care Centre of Virginia, Ltd. (N.Z.), Richmond; and Research Institute (C.S.), Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for Healthcare, Pomona, CA
| | - Brian L Edlow
- From IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi (A.E., A.G., A.M.R.), Florence; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS (S.F.), SB S.p.A., Laboratorio di Valutazione Multimodale dei Disordini della Coscienza, Telese Terme (BN); Department of Psychology (A.M., L.T.), University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta; Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS (R.F., D.M.), Rome, Italy; Neurosurgery Department (E.A.), University of Athens Medical School, Greece; Coma Science Group (H.C., A.T., O.G.), GIGA Consciousness, University and University Hospital of Liège, Belgium; Neurorehabilitation and Vegetative State Unit (G.L.), E. Viglietta, Cuneo, Italy; NEURORHB-Servicio de Neurorrehabilitación de Hospitales Vithas (E.N.), Valencia, Spain; Unit of Neurophysiology and Unit for Severe Acquired Brain Injuries (S.B.), Rehabilitation Department, Giuseppe Giglio Foundation, Cefalù, Italy; Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (B.L.E., C.C.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; CHN William Lennox (N.L.), Ottignies, Belgium; Department of Psychology (V.V.), University of Reading Malaysia; Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.B.), HABILITA Zingonia/Ciserano, Bergamo; Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering (J.T.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Concussion Care Centre of Virginia, Ltd. (N.Z.), Richmond; and Research Institute (C.S.), Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for Healthcare, Pomona, CA
| | - Camille Chatelle
- From IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi (A.E., A.G., A.M.R.), Florence; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS (S.F.), SB S.p.A., Laboratorio di Valutazione Multimodale dei Disordini della Coscienza, Telese Terme (BN); Department of Psychology (A.M., L.T.), University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta; Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS (R.F., D.M.), Rome, Italy; Neurosurgery Department (E.A.), University of Athens Medical School, Greece; Coma Science Group (H.C., A.T., O.G.), GIGA Consciousness, University and University Hospital of Liège, Belgium; Neurorehabilitation and Vegetative State Unit (G.L.), E. Viglietta, Cuneo, Italy; NEURORHB-Servicio de Neurorrehabilitación de Hospitales Vithas (E.N.), Valencia, Spain; Unit of Neurophysiology and Unit for Severe Acquired Brain Injuries (S.B.), Rehabilitation Department, Giuseppe Giglio Foundation, Cefalù, Italy; Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (B.L.E., C.C.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; CHN William Lennox (N.L.), Ottignies, Belgium; Department of Psychology (V.V.), University of Reading Malaysia; Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.B.), HABILITA Zingonia/Ciserano, Bergamo; Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering (J.T.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Concussion Care Centre of Virginia, Ltd. (N.Z.), Richmond; and Research Institute (C.S.), Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for Healthcare, Pomona, CA
| | - Nicolas Lejeune
- From IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi (A.E., A.G., A.M.R.), Florence; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS (S.F.), SB S.p.A., Laboratorio di Valutazione Multimodale dei Disordini della Coscienza, Telese Terme (BN); Department of Psychology (A.M., L.T.), University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta; Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS (R.F., D.M.), Rome, Italy; Neurosurgery Department (E.A.), University of Athens Medical School, Greece; Coma Science Group (H.C., A.T., O.G.), GIGA Consciousness, University and University Hospital of Liège, Belgium; Neurorehabilitation and Vegetative State Unit (G.L.), E. Viglietta, Cuneo, Italy; NEURORHB-Servicio de Neurorrehabilitación de Hospitales Vithas (E.N.), Valencia, Spain; Unit of Neurophysiology and Unit for Severe Acquired Brain Injuries (S.B.), Rehabilitation Department, Giuseppe Giglio Foundation, Cefalù, Italy; Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (B.L.E., C.C.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; CHN William Lennox (N.L.), Ottignies, Belgium; Department of Psychology (V.V.), University of Reading Malaysia; Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.B.), HABILITA Zingonia/Ciserano, Bergamo; Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering (J.T.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Concussion Care Centre of Virginia, Ltd. (N.Z.), Richmond; and Research Institute (C.S.), Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for Healthcare, Pomona, CA
| | - Vigneswaran Veeramuthu
- From IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi (A.E., A.G., A.M.R.), Florence; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS (S.F.), SB S.p.A., Laboratorio di Valutazione Multimodale dei Disordini della Coscienza, Telese Terme (BN); Department of Psychology (A.M., L.T.), University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta; Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS (R.F., D.M.), Rome, Italy; Neurosurgery Department (E.A.), University of Athens Medical School, Greece; Coma Science Group (H.C., A.T., O.G.), GIGA Consciousness, University and University Hospital of Liège, Belgium; Neurorehabilitation and Vegetative State Unit (G.L.), E. Viglietta, Cuneo, Italy; NEURORHB-Servicio de Neurorrehabilitación de Hospitales Vithas (E.N.), Valencia, Spain; Unit of Neurophysiology and Unit for Severe Acquired Brain Injuries (S.B.), Rehabilitation Department, Giuseppe Giglio Foundation, Cefalù, Italy; Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (B.L.E., C.C.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; CHN William Lennox (N.L.), Ottignies, Belgium; Department of Psychology (V.V.), University of Reading Malaysia; Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.B.), HABILITA Zingonia/Ciserano, Bergamo; Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering (J.T.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Concussion Care Centre of Virginia, Ltd. (N.Z.), Richmond; and Research Institute (C.S.), Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for Healthcare, Pomona, CA
| | - Michelangelo Bartolo
- From IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi (A.E., A.G., A.M.R.), Florence; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS (S.F.), SB S.p.A., Laboratorio di Valutazione Multimodale dei Disordini della Coscienza, Telese Terme (BN); Department of Psychology (A.M., L.T.), University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta; Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS (R.F., D.M.), Rome, Italy; Neurosurgery Department (E.A.), University of Athens Medical School, Greece; Coma Science Group (H.C., A.T., O.G.), GIGA Consciousness, University and University Hospital of Liège, Belgium; Neurorehabilitation and Vegetative State Unit (G.L.), E. Viglietta, Cuneo, Italy; NEURORHB-Servicio de Neurorrehabilitación de Hospitales Vithas (E.N.), Valencia, Spain; Unit of Neurophysiology and Unit for Severe Acquired Brain Injuries (S.B.), Rehabilitation Department, Giuseppe Giglio Foundation, Cefalù, Italy; Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (B.L.E., C.C.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; CHN William Lennox (N.L.), Ottignies, Belgium; Department of Psychology (V.V.), University of Reading Malaysia; Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.B.), HABILITA Zingonia/Ciserano, Bergamo; Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering (J.T.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Concussion Care Centre of Virginia, Ltd. (N.Z.), Richmond; and Research Institute (C.S.), Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for Healthcare, Pomona, CA
| | - Jlenia Toppi
- From IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi (A.E., A.G., A.M.R.), Florence; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS (S.F.), SB S.p.A., Laboratorio di Valutazione Multimodale dei Disordini della Coscienza, Telese Terme (BN); Department of Psychology (A.M., L.T.), University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta; Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS (R.F., D.M.), Rome, Italy; Neurosurgery Department (E.A.), University of Athens Medical School, Greece; Coma Science Group (H.C., A.T., O.G.), GIGA Consciousness, University and University Hospital of Liège, Belgium; Neurorehabilitation and Vegetative State Unit (G.L.), E. Viglietta, Cuneo, Italy; NEURORHB-Servicio de Neurorrehabilitación de Hospitales Vithas (E.N.), Valencia, Spain; Unit of Neurophysiology and Unit for Severe Acquired Brain Injuries (S.B.), Rehabilitation Department, Giuseppe Giglio Foundation, Cefalù, Italy; Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (B.L.E., C.C.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; CHN William Lennox (N.L.), Ottignies, Belgium; Department of Psychology (V.V.), University of Reading Malaysia; Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.B.), HABILITA Zingonia/Ciserano, Bergamo; Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering (J.T.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Concussion Care Centre of Virginia, Ltd. (N.Z.), Richmond; and Research Institute (C.S.), Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for Healthcare, Pomona, CA
| | - Nathan Zasler
- From IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi (A.E., A.G., A.M.R.), Florence; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS (S.F.), SB S.p.A., Laboratorio di Valutazione Multimodale dei Disordini della Coscienza, Telese Terme (BN); Department of Psychology (A.M., L.T.), University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta; Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS (R.F., D.M.), Rome, Italy; Neurosurgery Department (E.A.), University of Athens Medical School, Greece; Coma Science Group (H.C., A.T., O.G.), GIGA Consciousness, University and University Hospital of Liège, Belgium; Neurorehabilitation and Vegetative State Unit (G.L.), E. Viglietta, Cuneo, Italy; NEURORHB-Servicio de Neurorrehabilitación de Hospitales Vithas (E.N.), Valencia, Spain; Unit of Neurophysiology and Unit for Severe Acquired Brain Injuries (S.B.), Rehabilitation Department, Giuseppe Giglio Foundation, Cefalù, Italy; Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (B.L.E., C.C.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; CHN William Lennox (N.L.), Ottignies, Belgium; Department of Psychology (V.V.), University of Reading Malaysia; Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.B.), HABILITA Zingonia/Ciserano, Bergamo; Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering (J.T.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Concussion Care Centre of Virginia, Ltd. (N.Z.), Richmond; and Research Institute (C.S.), Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for Healthcare, Pomona, CA
| | - Caroline Schnakers
- From IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi (A.E., A.G., A.M.R.), Florence; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS (S.F.), SB S.p.A., Laboratorio di Valutazione Multimodale dei Disordini della Coscienza, Telese Terme (BN); Department of Psychology (A.M., L.T.), University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta; Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS (R.F., D.M.), Rome, Italy; Neurosurgery Department (E.A.), University of Athens Medical School, Greece; Coma Science Group (H.C., A.T., O.G.), GIGA Consciousness, University and University Hospital of Liège, Belgium; Neurorehabilitation and Vegetative State Unit (G.L.), E. Viglietta, Cuneo, Italy; NEURORHB-Servicio de Neurorrehabilitación de Hospitales Vithas (E.N.), Valencia, Spain; Unit of Neurophysiology and Unit for Severe Acquired Brain Injuries (S.B.), Rehabilitation Department, Giuseppe Giglio Foundation, Cefalù, Italy; Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (B.L.E., C.C.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; CHN William Lennox (N.L.), Ottignies, Belgium; Department of Psychology (V.V.), University of Reading Malaysia; Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.B.), HABILITA Zingonia/Ciserano, Bergamo; Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering (J.T.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Concussion Care Centre of Virginia, Ltd. (N.Z.), Richmond; and Research Institute (C.S.), Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for Healthcare, Pomona, CA
| | - Luigi Trojano
- From IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi (A.E., A.G., A.M.R.), Florence; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS (S.F.), SB S.p.A., Laboratorio di Valutazione Multimodale dei Disordini della Coscienza, Telese Terme (BN); Department of Psychology (A.M., L.T.), University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta; Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS (R.F., D.M.), Rome, Italy; Neurosurgery Department (E.A.), University of Athens Medical School, Greece; Coma Science Group (H.C., A.T., O.G.), GIGA Consciousness, University and University Hospital of Liège, Belgium; Neurorehabilitation and Vegetative State Unit (G.L.), E. Viglietta, Cuneo, Italy; NEURORHB-Servicio de Neurorrehabilitación de Hospitales Vithas (E.N.), Valencia, Spain; Unit of Neurophysiology and Unit for Severe Acquired Brain Injuries (S.B.), Rehabilitation Department, Giuseppe Giglio Foundation, Cefalù, Italy; Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (B.L.E., C.C.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; CHN William Lennox (N.L.), Ottignies, Belgium; Department of Psychology (V.V.), University of Reading Malaysia; Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.B.), HABILITA Zingonia/Ciserano, Bergamo; Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering (J.T.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Concussion Care Centre of Virginia, Ltd. (N.Z.), Richmond; and Research Institute (C.S.), Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for Healthcare, Pomona, CA
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Cui X, Ren W, Zheng Z, Li J. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Improved Source Memory and Modulated Recollection-Based Retrieval in Healthy Older Adults. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1137. [PMID: 32636777 PMCID: PMC7316954 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Source memory is one of the cognitive abilities that are most vulnerable to aging. Luckily, the brain plasticity could be modulated to counteract the decline. The repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a relatively non-invasive neuro-modulatory technique, could directly modulate neural excitability in the targeted cortical areas. Here, we are interested in whether the application of rTMS could enhance the source memory performance in healthy older adults. In addition, event-related potentials (ERPs) were employed to explore the specific retrieval process that rTMS could affect. Subjects were randomly assigned to either the rTMS group or the sham group. The rTMS group received 10 sessions (20 min per session) of 10 Hz rTMS applying on the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (i.e., F4 site), and the sham group received 10 sessions of sham stimulation. Both groups performed source memory tests before and after the intervention while the electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded during the retrieval process. Behavioral results showed that the source memory performance was significantly improved after rTMS compared with the sham stimulation; ERPs results showed that during the retrieval phase, the left parietal old/new effect, which reflected the process of recollection common to both young and old adults, increased in the rTMS group compared with the sham stimulation group, whereas the late reversed old/new effect specific to the source retrieval of older adults showed similar attenuation after intervention in both groups. The present results suggested that rTMS could be an effective intervention to improve source memory performance in healthy older adults and that it selectively facilitated the youth-like recollection process during retrieval. This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) with the identifier chictr-ire-15006371.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Center on Aging Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weicong Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Center on Aging Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhiwei Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Center on Aging Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Center on Aging Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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48
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Li X, Zhang J, Li XD, Cui W, Su R. Neurofeedback Training for Brain Functional Connectivity Improvement in Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Med Biol Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-020-00531-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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49
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Weinstein G, Sznitman SR. The implications of late-life cannabis use on brain health: A mapping review and implications for future research. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 59:101041. [PMID: 32109605 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
While medical and recreational cannabis use is becoming more frequent among older adults, the neurocognitive consequences of cannabis use in this age group are unclear. The aim of this literature review was to synthesize and evaluate the current knowledge on the association of cannabis use during older-adulthood with cognitive function and brain aging. We reviewed the literature from old animal models and human studies, focusing on the link between use of cannabis in middle- and old-age and cognition. The report highlights the gap in knowledge on cannabis use in late-life and cognitive health, and discusses the limited findings in the context of substantial changes in attitudes and policies. Furthermore, we outline possible theoretical mechanisms and propose recommendations for future research. The limited evidence on this important topic suggests that use in older ages may not be linked with poorer cognitive performance, thus detrimental effects of early-life cannabis use may not translate to use in older ages. Rather, use in old ages may be associated with improved brain health, in accordance with the known neuroprotective properties of several cannabinoids. Yet, firm conclusions cannot be drawn from the current evidence-base due to lack of research with strong methodological designs.
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Klink K, Peter J, Wyss P, Klöppel S. Transcranial Electric Current Stimulation During Associative Memory Encoding: Comparing tACS and tDCS Effects in Healthy Aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:66. [PMID: 32256337 PMCID: PMC7090128 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Associative memory is one of the first cognitive functions negatively affected by healthy and pathological aging processes. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques are easily administrable tools to support memory. However, the optimal stimulation parameters inducing a reliable positive effect on older adult’s memory performance remain mostly unclear. In our randomized, double-blind, cross-over study, 28 healthy older adults (16 females; 71.18 + 6.42 years of age) received anodal transcranial direct (tDCS), alternating current in the theta range (tACS), and sham stimulation over the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) each once during encoding. We tested associative memory performance with cued recall and recognition tasks after a retention period and again on the following day. Overall, neither tDCS nor tACS showed effects on associative memory performance. Further analysis revealed a significant difference for performance on the cued recall task under tACS compared to sham when accounting for age. Our results suggest that tACS might be more effective to improve associative memory performance than tDCS in higher aged samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Klink
- University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Peter
- University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Patric Wyss
- University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Klöppel
- University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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