1
|
Eiden LE, Hernández VS, Jiang SZ, Zhang L. Neuropeptides and small-molecule amine transmitters: cooperative signaling in the nervous system. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:492. [PMID: 35997826 PMCID: PMC11072502 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04451-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptides are expressed in cell-specific patterns throughout mammalian brain. Neuropeptide gene expression has been useful for clustering neurons by phenotype, based on single-cell transcriptomics, and for defining specific functional circuits throughout the brain. How neuropeptides function as first messengers in inter-neuronal communication, in cooperation with classical small-molecule amine transmitters (SMATs) is a current topic of systems neurobiology. Questions include how neuropeptides and SMATs cooperate in neurotransmission at the molecular, cellular and circuit levels; whether neuropeptides and SMATs always co-exist in neurons; where neuropeptides and SMATs are stored in the neuron, released from the neuron and acting, and at which receptors, after release; and how neuropeptides affect 'classical' transmitter function, both directly upon co-release, and indirectly, via long-term regulation of gene transcription and neuronal plasticity. Here, we review an extensive body of data about the distribution of neuropeptides and their receptors, their actions after neuronal release, and their function based on pharmacological and genetic loss- and gain-of-function experiments, that addresses these questions, fundamental to understanding brain function, and development of neuropeptide-based, and potentially combinatorial peptide/SMAT-based, neurotherapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lee E Eiden
- Section On Molecular Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 49 Convent Drive, Room 5A38, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Vito S Hernández
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sunny Z Jiang
- Section On Molecular Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 49 Convent Drive, Room 5A38, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Limei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Del Cerro M. Commentary on "Subcellular Fractions of Adult and Developing Rat Cerebellum, by M. del Cerro, R. S. Snider and M. L. Oster, July 1969". THE CEREBELLUM 2021; 20:489-491. [PMID: 34152548 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-021-01287-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Subcellular fractionation by differential ultracentrifugation has allowed the study of the cell and its organelles from a morphological, physiological, and biochemical perspective. Combined with electron microscopy, and by using animals at different stages of postnatal development, these methods yielded useful results concerning the ontogeny of synaptosomes, mitochondria, and myelin and broadened the possibilities to investigate the molecular underpinnings of cerebellar histogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Del Cerro
- Departments of Neurobiology and Ophthalmology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
- , Professor Emeritus, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sánchez Bruni SF, Acosta GB. Argentinean Society of Experimental Pharmacology: Brief history and main scientific contributions to the discipline. Pharmacol Res 2016; 109:4-11. [PMID: 26816088 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Argentina Biomedical Science has been historically strong. The development of Human and Veterinary Pharmacology in our country as a pivotal discipline has been acknowledged worldwide because of the quality of its contributions. Argentinean Society of Experimental Pharmacology (SAFE) is a non- profit association whose research fields include Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology. SAFE main goals are described as follow (a) To meet active researchers for studying concerns regarding Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology (b) To launch an initiative for development of the discipline in mainly our country and other collaborative countries worldwide (c) To spread the pharmacological know-how obtained from different research teams (d) To strengthen relations between pharmacologists (e) To facilitate the presentation and discussion of scientific papers. This current article shows the SAFE's more important scientific contribution to pharmacology through its former research scientists to the present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio F Sánchez Bruni
- Full Professor of Pharmacology, Current President of the Argentinean Society of Experimental Pharmacology, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, B7001BBO Tandil, Argentina.
| | - Gabriela B Acosta
- Current 2° Vocal of the Argentinean Society of Experimental Pharmacology. Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Junín 956, 5to piso, C1113AAD, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
de Balbian Verster F, Sellinger OZ, Harkin JC. MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CORRELATES OF CEREBRAL MICROSOMES : I. Isolation and Chemical Characterization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 25:69-80. [PMID: 19866668 PMCID: PMC2106627 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.25.2.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Microsomal fractions, both homogeneous in appearance and functionally operative, were isolated from a homogenate of rat cerebral cortex by fractionation in water. The preparations thus obtained contain the membranous elements of the endoplasmic reticulum, synaptic vesicles, and ribosomes. Esterase, ATPase, and glutamine synthetase were found to be present and fully functional in the microsomal fractions isolated in water. The contamination of the water-isolated microsomal fractions by mitochondria and lysosomes was found to be considerably lower than in microsomal pellets isolated in sucrose. The contamination by nerve ending particles, as judged by electron microscopy and by the levels of soluble lactic dehydrogenase entrapped in the cytoplasm of the particles, was also low. Most of the contamination by mitochondria and nerve ending particles could be removed by treatment of the microsomal pellet with 150 mM NaCl. Resistant to elution by this treatment is the lysosomal contamination as well as microsomal esterase and ATPase. Glutamine synthetase, on the other hand, was almost totally solubilized. Microsomal preparations isolated in water are also shown to contain amounts of protein, RNA, phospholipid, and ganglioside comparable to those found in microsomal preparations isolated in sucrose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F de Balbian Verster
- Department of Biochemistry, the Nutrition and Metabolism Research Laboratory of Medicine, and the Department of Pathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
DEROBERTIS E, PELLEGRINODEIRALDI A, RODRIGUEZDELORES G, ZIEHER LM. SYNAPTIC VESICLES FROM THE RAT HYPOTHALMUS. ISOLATION AND NOREPINEPHRINE CONTENT. Life Sci 1996; 4:193-201. [PMID: 14288585 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(65)90119-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
6
|
Husain A, Smeby RR, Krontiris-Litowitz J, Speth RC. Brain renin: localization in rat brain synaptosomal fractions. Brain Res 1981; 222:182-6. [PMID: 7028209 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(81)90956-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of brain renin activity was determined in subcellular fractions of rat brain prepared by discontinuous density gradient centrifugation. The highest amounts of brain renin activity occurred in both the light and heavy synaptosomal fractions, while the activity of choline acetyltransferase was elevated only in the light synaptosomal fraction. These results indicate an intraneuronal localization of brain renin.
Collapse
|
7
|
Feigenson ME, Barrnett RJ. Combined pharmacological and fine-structural studies of choline O-acetyltransferase at the myoneural junction. Brain Res 1977; 119:155-79. [PMID: 318603 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(77)90097-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
8
|
Orfanos CE, Mahrle G. Ultrastructure and cytochemistry of human cutaneous nerves. With special reference to the ultrastructural localization of the specific and nonspecific cholinesterases in human skin. J Invest Dermatol 1973; 61:108-20. [PMID: 4125554 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12675431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
9
|
Garey R, Harper J, Best JB, Goodman AB. Preparative resolution and identification of synaptic components of rat neocortex. JOURNAL OF NEUROBIOLOGY 1972; 3:163-95. [PMID: 4337223 DOI: 10.1002/neu.480030205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
10
|
Nakai Y. On different types of nerve endings in the frog median eminence after fixation with permanganate and glutaraldehyde-osmium. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ZELLFORSCHUNG UND MIKROSKOPISCHE ANATOMIE (VIENNA, AUSTRIA : 1948) 1971; 119:164-78. [PMID: 4105595 DOI: 10.1007/bf00324518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
11
|
Daikoku S, Kotsu T, Hashimoto M. Electron microscopic observations on the development of the median eminence in perinatal rats. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANATOMIE UND ENTWICKLUNGSGESCHICHTE 1971; 134:311-27. [PMID: 4330890 DOI: 10.1007/bf00519918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
12
|
Kobayashi H, Matsui T, Ishii S. Functional electron microscopy of the hypothalamic median eminence. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1970; 29:281-381. [PMID: 4326152 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)60039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
13
|
Kaita AA, Goldberg AM. Control of acetylcholine synthesis--the inhibition of choline acetyltransferase by acetylcholine. J Neurochem 1969; 16:1185-91. [PMID: 5796869 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1969.tb05964.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
14
|
Beani L, Bianchi C, Megazzini P, Ballotti L, Bernardi G. Drug induced changes in free, labile and stable acetylcholine of guinea-pig brain. Biochem Pharmacol 1969; 18:1315-24. [PMID: 5799105 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(69)90244-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
15
|
Michaelson A. The subcellular distribution of acetylcholine, choline acetyltransferase and acetyl cholinesterase in nerve tissue. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1967; 144:387-410. [PMID: 5237268 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1967.tb53784.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
16
|
Wheeler DD, Boyarsky LL, Brooks WH. The release of amino acids from nerve during stimulation. J Cell Physiol 1966; 67:141-7. [PMID: 5940405 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1040670116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
17
|
LaBella FS, Sanwal M. Isolation of nerve endings from the posterior pituitary gland. Electron microscopy of fractions obtained by centrifugation. J Cell Biol 1965; 25:Suppl:179-93. [PMID: 5840796 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.25.3.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine posterior pituitary glands were homogenized in 10 per cent sucrose and fractionated by differential centrifugation. The following centrifugation procedure resulted in the most satisfactory separation: 1000 g for 15 minutes-nuclei, connective tissue, basement membranes with associated endothelium, giant nerve endings, and whole pituicytes; 4200 g for 15 minutes-free nerve endings, including Herring bodies; 17,000 g for 15 minutes-mitochondria; 68,000 g for 15 minutes-neurosecretory granules. Electron microscopic examination was carried out on whole tissue and on the isolated fractions. Isolated nerve endings were examined also by negative staining techniques. Isolated nerve endings retain an apparently normal complement of mitochondria, neurosecretory granules, and microvesicles ("synaptic" vesicles). The free nerve endings closely resemble those observed in sections of intact posterior pituitary tissue. Free microvesicles were not observed in any of the fractions isolated and apparently sediment at centrifugal forces higher than those employed in this study.
Collapse
|
18
|
Whittaker VP, Michaelson IA, Kirkland RJ. The separation of synaptic vesicles from nerve-ending particles ('synaptosomes'). Biochem J 1964; 90:293-303. [PMID: 5834239 PMCID: PMC1202615 DOI: 10.1042/bj0900293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 941] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
19
|
KOBAYASHI H, FARNER DS. Cholinesterases in the hypothalamo-hypophysial neurosecretory system of the White-crowned Sparrow, Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii. Cell Tissue Res 1964; 63:965-73. [PMID: 14315538 DOI: 10.1007/bf00339344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
20
|
Kobayashi H, Uemura H, Oota Y, Ishii S. Cholinergic Substance in the Caudal Neurosecretory Storage Organ of Fish. Science 1963. [DOI: 10.1126/science.141.3582.714.b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideshi Kobayashi
- Zoological Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruko Uemura
- Zoological Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Oota
- Zoological Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Ishii
- Zoological Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
The importance of sodium ions both to the synthesis and to the release of acetylcholine in nerve terminals is demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. I. Birks
- Physiology Department, McGill University, Montreal, Que
| |
Collapse
|