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Markovetz AJ, Kallio RE. Subterminal Oxidation of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons by Microorganisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/10408417109104482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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You L. Steroid hormone biotransformation and xenobiotic induction of hepatic steroid metabolizing enzymes. Chem Biol Interact 2004; 147:233-46. [PMID: 15135080 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2004.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Normal reproductive development depends on the interplay of steroid hormones with their receptors at specific tissue sites. The concentrations of hormone ligands in the circulation and at target sites are maintained through coordinated regulation on steroid biosynthesis and degradation. Changed bioavailability of steroids, through alteration of steroidogenesis or biotransformation rates, leads to changes in endocrine function. Steroid hormones lose their receptor reactivity in most cases when they are bound to binding proteins, while metabolic conversion can result in either active or inactive metabolites. Hydroxylation by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and conjugation with glucuronide and sulfate are among the major hepatic pathways of steroid inactivation. The expression of these biotransformation enzymes can be induced by many xenobiotics. The barbiturate phenobarbital and the environmental toxicant 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) are among the well characterized inducers for the CYP 2B and 3A enzymes and selected conjugation enzymes. The induction of the steroid biotransformation enzymes is partly mediated through the activation of a group of nuclear receptors including the glucocorticoid receptor, the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), the pregnane X receptor (PXR), and the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPAR). Drug or chemical-induced increases in hepatic enzyme activities are often a basis for drug-drug interactions that lead to enhanced elimination and reduced therapeutic efficacy of steroidal drugs. The effects of enzyme induction on endogenous steroid clearance, along with its possible consequence, are less well understood. While enzyme induction by xenobiotics may increase clearance of the endogenous steroid, regulatory mechanisms for steroid homeostasis may adapt and compensate for altered clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li You
- CIIT Centers for Health Research, 6 Davis Drive, P.O. Box 12137, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2137, USA.
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Shergill JK, Cammack R, Chen JH, Fisher MJ, Madden S, Rees HH. EPR spectroscopic characterization of the iron-sulphur proteins and cytochrome P-450 in mitochondria from the insect Spodoptera littoralis (cotton leafworm). Biochem J 1995; 307 ( Pt 3):719-28. [PMID: 7741702 PMCID: PMC1136710 DOI: 10.1042/bj3070719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
EPR spectroscopy was used to investigate the cytochrome P-450-dependent steroid hydroxylase ecdysone 20-mono-oxygenase of the cotton leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) and the redox centres associated with membranes from the fat-body mitochondrial fraction. Intense features at g = 2.42, 2.25 and 1.92 from oxidized mitochondrial membranes have been assigned to the low-spin haem form of ferricytochrome P-450, probably of ecdysone 20-mono-oxygenase. High-spin cytochrome P-450 (substrate-bound) was tentatively assigned to a signal at g = 8.0, which was detectable from membranes as prepared. An EPR signal characteristic of a [2Fe-2S] cluster detected from the soluble mitochondrial matrix fraction has been shown to be distinct from the signals associated with mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase, and has therefore been attributed to a ferredoxin. We conclude that the S. littoralis fat-body mitochondrial electron-transport system involved in steroid 20-hydroxylation comprises both ferredoxin and cytochrome P-450 components, and thus resembles the enzyme systems of adrenocortical mitochondria. EPR signals characteristic of the respiratory chain were also observed from fat-body mitochondria and assigned to the iron-sulphur clusters associated with Complex I (Centres N1, N2), Complex II (Centres S1, S3), Complex III (the Rieske centre), and the copper centre of Complex IV, demonstrating similarities to mammalian mitochondria. The reduced membrane fraction also yielded a major resonance at g = 2.09 and 1.88 characteristic of the [4Fe-4S] cluster of electron-transferring flavoprotein: ubiquinone oxidoreductase. As the fat-body is the major metabolic organ of insects, this protein is presumably required for the beta-oxidation of fatty acids in mitochondria. High-spin haem signals in the low-field region of spectra also demonstrated that the mitochondrial fraction contains relatively high concentrations of catalase.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Shergill
- Centre for the Study of Metals in Biology and Medicine, King's College, University of London, U.K
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Nakajin S, Hall PF. Side-chain cleavage of C21 steroids by testicular microsomal cytochrome P-450 (17 alpha-hydroxylase/lyase): involvement of heme. JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY 1983; 19:1345-8. [PMID: 6604843 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(83)90161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The two steps in the side-chain cleavage of C21 steroids to give C19 steroids (i.e. 17 alpha-hydroxylation and C17,20 lyase activity) were examined using a highly purified cytochrome P-450 from microsomes of neonatal pig testis to determine the photochemical action spectra for the two reactions. Photochemical action spectra, using either 4-ene (progesterone) or 5-ene (pregnenolone) substrates, showed maximal reversal of inhibition by CO with light of 451 nm. Evidently the heme of cytochrome P-450 is involved in both 17 alpha-hydroxylation and in C17,20-lyase activity as in the case of the side-chain cleavage of cholesterol. Mechanisms proposed to account for enzymatic cleavage of the alpha-ketol side-chain of C21 steroids (C17,20 lyase activity) must be consistent with these findings.
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Chrousos GP, Cutler GB, Sauer M, Simons SS, Loriaux DL. Development of glucocorticoid antagonists. Pharmacol Ther 1983; 20:263-81. [PMID: 6351112 DOI: 10.1016/0163-7258(83)90041-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Smith SL, Bollenbacher WE, Cooper DY, Schleyer H, Wielgus JJ, Gilbert LI. Ecdysone 20-monooxygenase: characterization of an insect cytochrome p-450 dependent steroid hydroxylase. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1979; 15:111-33. [PMID: 488526 DOI: 10.1016/0303-7207(79)90033-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ecdysone 20-monooxygenase, the enzyme system that hydroxylates ecdysone at C-20 of the side-chain to form ecdysterone, has been characterized in the fat body of early last instar larvae of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, using a radioenzymological assay. Ecdysterone was demonstrated to be the product of the enzyme system by high-pressure liquid chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Differential centrifugation, sucrose-gradient centrifugation, electron microscopy and organelle-marker enzyme analysis revealed that ecdysone 20-monooxygenase activity is associated with the mitochondria. The enzymatic properties of ecdysone 20-monooxygenase are that it is most active in a 0.05 M phosphate buffer, is inhibited by Mg2+ and exhibits pH and temperature optima at 7.5 and 30 degrees C, respectively. The enzyme complex has an apparent Km for ecdysone of 1.60 x 10(-7) M and is competitively inhibited by its product, ecdysterone, with an apparent Ki of 2.72 x 10(-5) M. The cytochrome P-450 nature of this insect steroid hydroxylase was initially suggested by its obligate requirement for NADPH and its inhibition by carbon monoxide, p-chloromercuribenzoate, metyrapone and p-aminoglutethimide but not by cyanide. Difference spectroscopy revealed the presence of cytochrome P-450 in the fat-body mitochondrial fraction. A photochemical action spectrum of ecdysone 20-monooxygenase activity confirmed the involvement of cytochrome P-450 in this monooxygenase system.
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Biotransformation of cholesterol to cholestane-3beta,5alpha,6beta-triol via cholesterol alpha-epoxide (5alpha,6alpha-epoxycholestan-3beta-ol) in bovine adrenal cortex. J Biol Chem 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)50665-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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9
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Brautbar C, Rösler A, Landau H, Cohen I, Nelken D, Cohen T, Levine C, Sack J, Benderli A, Moses S, Lieberman E, Dupont B, Levine LS, New MI. No linkage between HLA and congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency. N Engl J Med 1979; 300:205-6. [PMID: 759866 DOI: 10.1056/nejm197901253000433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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10
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Ishimaru A, Yamazaki I. Hydroperoxide-dependent hydroxylation involving "H2O2-reducible hemoprotein" in microsomes of pea seeds. A new type enzyme acting on hydroperoxide and a physiological role of seed lipoxygenase. J Biol Chem 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)40038-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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11
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Evidence for an α-ecdysone cytochrome P-450 mixed function oxidase in insect fat body mitochondria. Nature 1977. [DOI: 10.1038/268660a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Richter C, Azzi A, Weser U, Wendel A. Hepatic microsomal dealkylations. Inhibition by a tyrosine-copper (II) complex provided with superoxide dismutase activity. J Biol Chem 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)40158-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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13
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Madhok TC, Schnoes HK, DeLuca HF. Mechanism of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 24-hydroxylation: incorporation of oxygen-18 into the 24 position of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. Biochemistry 1977; 16:2142-5. [PMID: 861200 DOI: 10.1021/bi00629a015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The oxygen enzymatically inserted as a hydroxyl function by chick kidney homogenate into the 24 position of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 to give 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is derived exclusively from 18O2. Therefore, like the 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-lalpha-hydroxylase system, the 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-24-hydroxylase system is also a monooxygenase ("mixed-function oxidase").
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14
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How Oxygen Meets the Electrons with Generation of ATP, and Other Stories. Biochemistry 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-492550-2.50015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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15
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Bischoff F, Bryson G. The pharmacodynamics and toxicology of steroids and related compounds. ADVANCES IN LIPID RESEARCH 1977; 15:61-157. [PMID: 335852 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-024915-2.50008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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van Lier JE, Rousseau J. Mechanism of cholesterol side-chain cleavage: enzymic rearrangement of 20beta-hydroperoxy-20-isocholesterol to 20beta,21-dihydroxy-20-isocholesterol. FEBS Lett 1976; 70:23-7. [PMID: 992066 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(76)80718-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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17
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Gustafsson JA, Hrycay EG, Ernster L. Sodium periodate, sodium chlorite, and organic hydroperoxides as hydroxylating agents in steroid hydroxylation reactions catalyzed by adrenocortical microsomal and mitochondrial cytochrome P450. Arch Biochem Biophys 1976; 174:440-53. [PMID: 180899 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(76)90372-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Hrycay EG, Gustafsson JA, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Ernster L. The involvement of cytochrome P-450 in hepatic microsomal steroid hydroxylation reactions supported by sodium periodate, sodium chlorite, and organic hydroperoxides. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1976; 61:43-52. [PMID: 173555 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1976.tb09995.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of steroid hydroxylation in rat liver microsomes has been investigated by employing NaIO4, NaClO2, and various organic hydroperoxides as hydroxylating agents and comparing the reaction rates and steroid products formed with those of the NADPH-dependent reaction. Androstenedione, testosterone, progesterone, and 17beta-estradiol were found to act as good substrates. NaIO4 was by far the most effective hydroxylating agent followed by cumene hydroperoxide, NADPH, NaClO2, pregnenolone 17alpha-hydroperoxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, and linoleic acid hydroperoxide. Androstenedione was chosen as the model substrate for inducer and inhibitor studies. The steroid was converted to its respective 6beta-, 7alpha, 15-, and 16alpha-hydroxy derivatives when incubated with microsomal fractions fortified with hydroxylating agent. Evidence for cytochrome P-450 involvement in androstenedione hydroxylation included a marked inhibition by substrates and modifiers of cytochrome P-450 and by reagents which convert cytochrome P-450 to cytochrome P-420. The ratios of the steroid products varied according to the type of hydroxylating agent used and were also modified by in vivo phenobarbital pretreatment. It was suggested that multiple forms of cytochrome P-450 exhibiting different affinities for hydroxylating agent are responsible for these different ratios. Horse-radish peroxidase, catalase, and metmyoglobin could not catalyze androstenedione hydroxylation. Addition of NaIO4, NaClO2, cumene hydroperoxide and other organic hydroperoxides to microsomal suspensions resulted in the appearance of a transient spectral change in the difference spectrum characterized by a peak at about 440 nm and a trough at 420 nm. The efficiency of these oxidizing agents in promoting steroid hydroxylation in microsomes appeared to be related to their effectiveness in eliciting the spectral complex. Electron donors, substrates, and modifiers of cytochrome P-450 greatly diminished the magnitude of the spectral change. It is proposed that NaIO4, NaClO2, and organic hydroperoxides promote steroid hydroxylation by forming a transient ferryl ion (compound I) of cytochrome P-450 which may be the common intermediate hydroxylating species involved in hydroxylations catalyzed by cytochrome P-450.
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Chayen J, Daly JR, Loveridge N, Bitensky L. The cytochemical bioassay of hormones. RECENT PROGRESS IN HORMONE RESEARCH 1976; 32:33-79. [PMID: 183245 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-571132-6.50009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Hrycay EG, Gustafsson JA, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Ernster L. Sodium periodate, sodium chloride, organic hydroperoxides, and H2O2 as hydroxylating agents in steroid hydroxylation reactions catalyzed by partially purified cytochrome P-450. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1975; 66:209-16. [PMID: 240357 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(75)80315-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Hrycay EG, Gustafsson JA, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Ernster L. Sodium periodate, sodium chlorite, and organic hydroperoxides as hydroxylating agents in hepatic microsomal steroid hydroxylation reactions catalyzed by cytochrome P-450. FEBS Lett 1975; 56:161-5. [PMID: 169152 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(75)80132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Hall PF, Lewes JL, Lipson ED. The role of mitochondrial cytochrome P-450 from bovine adrenal cortex in side chain cleavage of 20S,22R-dihydroxycholesterol. J Biol Chem 1975. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)41712-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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23
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Rahimtula AD, O'Brien PJ, Hrycay EG, Peterson JA, Estabrook RW. Possible higher valence states of cytochrome P-450 during oxidative reactions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1974; 60:695-702. [PMID: 4371068 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(74)90296-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Shikita M, Hall PF. The stoichiometry of the conversion of cholesterol and hydroxycholesterols to pregnenolone (3beta-hydroxypregn-5-en-20-one) catalysed by adrenal cytochrome P-450. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1974; 71:1441-5. [PMID: 4151518 PMCID: PMC388245 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.71.4.1441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The stoichiometry of the side-chain cleavage of cholesterol (cholest-5-en-3beta-ol), 20alpha-hydroxycholesterol (cholest-5-ene-3beta,20alpha-diol), and 20alpha,22-dihydroxycholesterol (cholest-5-ene-3beta,20alpha,22-triol) has been examined with respect to TPNH, oxygen and H(+). Side-chain cleavage of cholesterol can be described by the following equation:Cholesterol + 3TPNH + 3H(+) + 3O(2) --> Pregnenolone (3beta-hydroxypregn-5-ene-20-one) + isocapraldehyde + 3 TPN(+) 4H(2)OStoichiometry of 20 alpha-hydroxycholesterol is 2TPNH and 2O(2) per mole of cleavage and with 20alpha, 22-dihydroxycholesterol the values are 1:1:1. In addition 1 mole of H(+) is consumed per mole of TPNH oxidized in each of these reactions. These observations are in keeping with a mechanism previously proposed in the literature, namely:Cholesterol --> 20alpha-OH-Cholesterol --> 20alpha, 22-di-OH-Cholesterol --> pregnenoloneDiscordant observations are reviewed and it is concluded that insufficient data are available to sustain objections to this pathway.
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Ghazarian JG, DeLuca HF. 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol-1-hydroxylase: a specific requirement for NADPH and a hemoprotein component in chick kidney mitochondria. Arch Biochem Biophys 1974; 160:63-72. [PMID: 4151327 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9861(74)80009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Chayen J, Bitensky L, Butcher RG, Altman FP. Cellular biochemical assessment of steroid activity. ADVANCES IN STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGY 1974; 4:1-60. [PMID: 4153294 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-037504-2.50004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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27
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Schmidt HL, Möller MR, Weber N. [Influence of substituants on microsomal dealkylation of aromatic N-, O-, and S-alkyl compounds]. Biochem Pharmacol 1973; 22:2989-96. [PMID: 4148605 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(73)90185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Kimura T, Nakamura S, Huang JJ, Chu JW, Wang HP, Tsernoglou D. Eelctron transport system for adrenocortical mitochondrial steroid hydroxylation reactions: the mechanism of the hydroxylation reactions and properties of the flavoprotein-iron-sulfur protein complex. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1973; 212:94-106. [PMID: 4155932 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1973.tb47589.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Tyson CA, Lipscomb JD, Gunsalus I. The Roles of Putidaredoxin and P450cam in Methylene Hydroxylation. J Biol Chem 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)44826-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Leblanc H, Lehoux JG, Sandor T. [Adrenal gland 21-hydroxylase from the domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos)]. JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY 1972; 3:683-92. [PMID: 4404416 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(72)90058-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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32
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Sandor T, Fazekas AG, Lehoux JG, Leblanc H, Lanthier A. Studies on the biosynthesis of 18-oxygenated steroids from exogenous corticosterone by domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos) adrenal gland mitochondria. JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY 1972; 3:661-82. [PMID: 4404415 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(72)90057-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Altman F. Quantitative Dehydrogenase Histochemistry with special Reference to the Pentose Shunt Dehydrogenases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6336(72)80012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Cohen BS, Estabrook RW. Microsomal electron transport reactions. I. Interaction of reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide during the oxidative demethylation of aminopyrine and cytochrome b 5 reduction. Arch Biochem Biophys 1971; 143:37-45. [PMID: 4397836 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(71)90183-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Takao N, Bun-Ichi T. Quantitative relationship between adrenal cytochrome P-450 and its reducing system, and their organ specificities in relation to corticoidogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1970. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(70)90016-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bachmann E, Golberg L. Aspects of the determination of biphenyl hydroxylase activity in liver homogenates. II. Sex and species differences in the effect of mitochondria. Exp Mol Pathol 1970; 13:269-80. [PMID: 4395559 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4800(70)90090-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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38
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Fraser DR, Kodicek E. Unique biosynthesis by kidney of a biological active vitamin D metabolite. Nature 1970; 228:764-6. [PMID: 4319631 DOI: 10.1038/228764a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 858] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Huang JJ, Kimura T. Does reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate have a dual function in steroid hydroxylation reactions in adrenal mitochondria? Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1970; 41:737-40. [PMID: 4394649 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(70)90075-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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40
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Whysner JA, Ramseyer J, Harding BW. Substrate-induced Changes in Visible Absorption and Electron Spin Resonance Properties of Adrenal Cortex Mitochondrial P450. J Biol Chem 1970. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)62774-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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41
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Isolation of placental and liver “mitochondrial” fractions which support steroid 11β-hydroxylation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1969. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(69)90034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Netter KJ, Kahl GF, Magnussen MP. Kinetic experiments on the binding of metyrapone to liver microsomes. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 1969; 265:205-15. [PMID: 4243216 DOI: 10.1007/bf01002335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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