1
|
The amphibian magnetic sense(s). J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2022; 208:723-742. [PMID: 36269404 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-022-01584-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sensitivity to the earth's magnetic field is the least understood of the major sensory systems, despite being virtually ubiquitous in animals and of widespread interest to investigators in a wide range of fields from behavioral ecology to quantum physics. Although research on the use of magnetic cues by migratory birds, fish, and sea turtles is more widely known, much of our current understanding of the functional properties of vertebrate magnetoreception has come from research on amphibians. Studies of amphibians established the presence of a light-dependent magnetic compass, a second non-light-dependent mechanism involving particles of magnetite and/or maghemite, and an interaction between these two magnetoreception mechanisms that underlies the "map" component of homing. Simulated magnetic displacement experiments demonstrated the use of a high-resolution magnetic map for short-range homing to breeding ponds requiring a sampling strategy to detect weak spatial gradients in the magnetic field despite daily temporal variation at least an order of magnitude greater. Overall, reliance on a magnetic map for short-range homing places greater demands on the underlying sensory detection, processing, and memory mechanisms than comparable mechanisms used by long-distance migrants. Moreover, unlike sea turtles and migratory birds, amphibians are exceptionally well suited to serve as model organisms in which to characterize the molecular and biophysical mechanisms underlying the light-dependent 'quantum compass'.
Collapse
|
2
|
Jreidini N, Green DM. Artificial Displacement Alters Movement Behavior of a Terrestrial Amphibian. HERPETOLOGICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1655/herpetologica-d-21-00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Jreidini
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Docteur-Penfield Avenue, Montréal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - David M. Green
- Redpath Museum, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke Street W, Montréal, QC H3A 0C4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Diego-Rasilla FJ, Phillips JB. Evidence for the use of a high-resolution magnetic map by a short-distance migrant, the Alpine newt (Ichthyosaura alpestris). J Exp Biol 2021; 224:269106. [PMID: 34114002 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.238345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Newts can use spatial variation in the magnetic field (MF) to derive geographic position, but it is unclear how they detect the 'spatial signal', which, over the distances that newts move in a day, is an order of magnitude lower than temporal variation in the MF. Previous work has shown that newts take map readings using their light-dependent magnetic compass to align a magnetite-based 'map detector' relative to the MF. In this study, time of day, location and light exposure (required by the magnetic compass) were varied to determine when newts obtain map information. Newts were displaced from breeding ponds without access to route-based cues to sites where they were held and/or tested under diffuse natural illumination. We found that: (1) newts held overnight at the testing site exhibited accurate homing orientation, but not if transported to the testing site on the day of testing; (2) newts held overnight under diffuse lighting at a 'false testing site' and then tested at a site located in a different direction from their home pond oriented in the home direction from the holding site, not from the site where they were tested; and (3) newts held overnight in total darkness (except for light exposure for specific periods) only exhibited homing orientation the following day if exposed to diffuse illumination during the preceding evening twilight in the ambient MF. These findings demonstrate that, to determine the home direction, newts require access to light and the ambient MF during evening twilight when temporal variation in the MF is minimal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - John B Phillips
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0406, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Melgar J, Lind O, Muheim R. No response to linear polarization cues in operant conditioning experiments with zebra finches. J Exp Biol 2015; 218:2049-54. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.122309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Many animals can use the polarization of light in various behavioural contexts. Birds are well known to use information from the skylight polarization pattern for orientation and compass calibration. Still, there are few controlled studies of polarization vision in birds, and the majority of them have not been successful in convincingly demonstrating polarization vision. We used a two-alternative forced choice conditioning approach to assess linear polarization vision in male zebra finches in the “visible” spectral range (wavelengths>400 nm). The birds were trained to discriminate colour, brightness, and polarization stimuli presented on either one of two LCD-screens. All birds were able to discriminate the colour and brightness stimuli, but they were unable to discriminate the polarization stimuli. Our results suggest that in the behavioural context studied here, zebra finches are not able to discriminate polarized light stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Melgar
- Lund Vision Group, Department of Biology, Lund University, Biology Building B, Sölvegatan 35, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Olle Lind
- Lund Vision Group, Department of Biology, Lund University, Biology Building B, Sölvegatan 35, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
- Cognitive Science, Department of Philosophy, Lund University, LUX, Helgonavägen 3, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Rachel Muheim
- Lund Vision Group, Department of Biology, Lund University, Biology Building B, Sölvegatan 35, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Use of a light-dependent magnetic compass for y-axis orientation in European common frog (Rana temporaria) tadpoles. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2013; 199:619-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s00359-013-0811-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
6
|
Vignoli L, Silici R, Bissattini A, Bologna M. Aspects of olfactory mediated orientation and communication inSalamandrina perspicillata(Amphibia Caudata): an experimental approach. ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2011.591437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
7
|
Light-dependent magnetic compass in Iberian green frog tadpoles. Naturwissenschaften 2010; 97:1077-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s00114-010-0730-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
8
|
Site fidelity and patterns of short- and long-term movement in the brilliant-thighed poison frog Allobates femoralis (Aromobatidae). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-009-0793-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
9
|
|
10
|
Bertolucci C, Foà A. Extraocular photoreception and circadian entrainment in nonmammalian vertebrates. Chronobiol Int 2005; 21:501-19. [PMID: 15470951 DOI: 10.1081/cbi-120039813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In mammals both the regulation of circadian rhythms and photoperiodic responses depend exclusively upon photic information provided by the lateral eyes; however, nonmammalian vertebrates can also rely on multiple extraocular photoreceptors to perform the same tasks. Extraocular photoreceptors include deep brain photoreceptors located in several distinct brain sites and the pineal complex, involving intracranial (pineal and parapineal) and extracranial (frontal organ and parietal eye) components. This review updates the research field of the most recent acquisitions concerning the roles of extraocular photoreceptors on circadian physiology and behavior, particularly photic entrainment and sun compass orientation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Bertolucci
- Dipartimento di Biologia and Centro di Neuroscienze, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Phillips JB, Deutschlander ME, Freake MJ, Borland SC. The role of extraocular photoreceptors in newt magnetic compass orientation: parallels between light-dependent magnetoreception and polarized light detection in vertebrates. J Exp Biol 2001; 204:2543-52. [PMID: 11511670 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.204.14.2543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYTheoretical models implicating specialized photoreceptors in the detection of the geomagnetic field have been the impetus for studying the effects of light on magnetic compass orientation. Magnetic orientation in flies, amphibians and birds has been found to be influenced by light, and in all these groups a shift of approximately 90° in the direction of magnetic compass orientation has been observed under certain wavelengths and/or intensities of light. In the eastern red-spotted newt Notophthalmus viridescens, wavelength-dependent effects of light on magnetic compass orientation appear to result from an antagonistic interaction between short-wavelength (≤450nm) and long-wavelength (≥500nm) photoreception mechanisms. We have demonstrated that at least the short-wavelength input to the newt’s magnetic compass is mediated by extraocular photoreceptors located in or near the pineal organ, and here we present new findings that indicate that the putative long-wavelength mechanism is also associated with pineal photoreceptors. Interestingly, the amphibian pineal organ mediates orientation to both the e-vector of plane-polarized light and the magnetic field. Although the wavelength-dependence of the polarized light orientation in amphibians has not been studied, polarization sensitivity in fishes appears to be mediated by two antagonistic photoreception mechanisms that have similar spectral characteristics to those of the newts’ magnetic compass response. These parallels, along with similarities in the types of receptors that are expected to be involved in light-dependent magnetoreception and polarized light detection, suggest that similar photoreception mechanisms may mediate the light-dependent magnetic and polarized light compasses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J B Phillips
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington 47405, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Campbell SS, Murphy PJ, Suhner AG. Extraocular phototransduction and circadian timing systems in vertebrates. Chronobiol Int 2001; 18:137-72. [PMID: 11379659 DOI: 10.1081/cbi-100103183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that, for organisms with eyes, the daily regulation of circadian rhythms is made possible by light transduction through those organs. Yet, it has been demonstrated repeatedly in recent years that ocular light receptors that mediate vision, at least in mammals, are not the same photoreceptors involved in circadian regulation. Moreover, it has been recognized for many years that circadian regulation can occur in organisms without eyes. In fact, extraocular circadian phototransduction (EOCP) appears to be a phylogenetic rule for the vast majority of species. EOCP has been reported in every nonmammalian species studied to date. In mammals, however, the story is very different. This paper presents findings from studies that have examined specifically the capacity for EOCP in vertebrate species. In addition, the literature addressing noncircadian aspects of extraocular phototransduction is briefly discussed. Finally, possible mechanisms underlying EOCP are discussed, as are some of the implications of the presence, or absence, of EOCP across phylogeny.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S S Campbell
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, White Plains, New York, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Deutschlander ME, Phillips JB, Borland SC. Magnetic Compass Orientation in the Eastern Red-Spotted Newt,Notophthalmus viridescens: Rapid Acquisition of the Shoreward Axis. COPEIA 2000. [DOI: 10.1643/0045-8511(2000)000[0413:mcoite]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
14
|
Abstract
Physiological and behavioral rhythms are governed by an endogenous circadian clock. The response of the human circadian clock to extraocular light exposure was monitored by measurement of body temperature and melatonin concentrations throughout the circadian cycle before and after light pulses presented to the popliteal region (behind the knee). A systematic relation was found between the timing of the light pulse and the magnitude and direction of phase shifts, resulting in the generation of a phase response curve. These findings challenge the belief that mammals are incapable of extraretinal circadian phototransduction and have implications for the development of more effective treatments for sleep and circadian rhythm disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S S Campbell
- Laboratory of Human Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Cornell University Medical College, 21 Bloomingdale Road, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ellis-Quinn BA, Simony CA. Lizard homing behavior: the role of the parietal eye during displacement and radio-tracking, and time-compensated celestial orientation in the lizard Sceloporus jarrovi. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00164121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
16
|
|
17
|
Underwood H, Groos G. Vertebrate circadian rhythms: retinal and extraretinal photoreception. EXPERIENTIA 1982; 38:1013-21. [PMID: 6751853 DOI: 10.1007/bf01955345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
18
|
|
19
|
Taylor DH, Adler K. The pineal body: Site of extraocular perception of celestial cues for orientation in the tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum). J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 1978. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00661385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
20
|
Taylor DH, Auburn JS. Orientation of Amphibians by Linearly Polarized Light. PROCEEDINGS IN LIFE SCIENCES 1978. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-11147-5_33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
21
|
|
22
|
|
23
|
Underwood H. Extraretinal light receptors can mediate photoperiodic photoreception in the male lizardAnolis carolinensis. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 1975. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01464712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
24
|
Retinal and extraretinal photoreceptors mediate entrainment of the circadian locomotor rhythm in lizards. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 1973. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00696895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
25
|
Extraocular perception of polarized light by orienting salamanders. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 1973. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00696042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
26
|
Taylor DH. Extra-optic photoreception and compass orientation in larval and adult salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum). Anim Behav 1972; 20:233-6. [PMID: 4644152 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-3472(72)80041-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
27
|
Zimmermann P, Paul E. Reaktionsmuster verschiedener Mittel-und Zwischenhirnzentren von Rana temporaria L. nach Unterbrechung der Nervenbahnen des Pinealkomplexes. Cell Tissue Res 1972. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00306986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
28
|
Weitere experimentelle und neuroanatomische Untersuchungen an den Nervenbahnen des Pinealkomplexes der Anuren. Cell Tissue Res 1971. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00331265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
29
|
Underwood H, Menaker M. Extraretinal light perception: entrainment of the biological clock controlling lizard locomotor activity. Science 1970; 170:190-3. [PMID: 5456614 DOI: 10.1126/science.170.3954.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The circadian activity rhythm of the iguanid lizard Sceloporus olivaceus can be entrained by light cycles whether or not the animals have eyes. Removal of the pineal organ and parietal eye in blinded lizards does not prevent entrainment. Our data demonstrate the existence of an extraretinal photoreceptor which can mediate entrainment of a biological clock in reptiles.
Collapse
|
30
|
Madison DM, Shoop CR. Homing behavior, orientation, and home range of salamanders tagged with tantalum-182. Science 1970; 168:1484-7. [PMID: 5445944 DOI: 10.1126/science.168.3938.1484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Using radioactive tags, we recorded movements of salamanders (Plethodon jordani) in their home areas and during homing. Males occupied home areas about three times larger than those of females and made occasional excursions into outlying regions. Homing after 22-to 60-meter displacements was direct and rapid, once initiated. Course headings at 1 meter from release were random; those at 2 meters and more were home-oriented. Males initiated homing movements sooner than females, although both sexes traveled at similar rates. Increased incidence of climbing on vegetation after displacement suggests olfactory mechanisms of orientation. These observations give direct evidence of homing orientation in caudate amphibians.
Collapse
|