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Abstract
Seventeen cases of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) developing in the pleural cavity were collected from Japanese hospitals, and their clinical and pathologic findings summarized. Eight of the 17 patients had a 15-year to 50-year (mean, 28.8) history of chronic pleural inflammatory disease (pleuritis, pyothorax, and pulmonary tuberculosis) before the onset of the pleural sarcoma. Histologically, malignant fibrous histiocytoma was the most common tumor type (11 cases), followed by angiosarcoma (four). The age at diagnosis of the sarcoma ranged from 15 to 74 years (mean, 58); the male-to-female ratio was 3.3:1. In the eight cases of sarcoma associated with chronic pleural inflammatory disease, male preponderance was more marked (7:1). The commonest presenting symptom was chest pain. A mass could be detected by chest roentgenograms in 13 patients and computed tomographic scans in 15 patients. No patient had distant metastases at first admission. Thirteen patients were treated by surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation therapy. Thirteen of the 17 patients died 1 to 87 months (mean, 14.2) after therapy for STS. The actuarial 1-year survival rate was 38.5%. These findings suggest that long-standing pleural inflammation might be an etiologic factor for development of pleural STS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Myoui
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Medical School, Japan
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2
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Nooter K, Bentvelzen P. Primate type-C oncoviruses. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1980; 605:461-87. [PMID: 6161645 DOI: 10.1016/0304-419x(80)90010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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3
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Erfle V, Hehlmann R, Schetters H, Meier A, Luz A. Time course of C-type retrovirus expression in mice submitted to osteosarcomagenic doses of 224radium. Int J Cancer 1980; 26:107-13. [PMID: 6263802 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910260117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Virus particles with the biochemical properties of C-type retroviruses appeared transiently in bone tissues of (C3H x 101) f1 hybrid mice early after treatment with 224 Radium; such particles were then again detected in the bones of the irradiated animals at the onset of osteosarcoma formation and in the osteosarcomas. Antibodies against a murine retrovirus isolated from a 224 Ra-induced osteosarcoma were produced and detected in the serum of the 224 Ra-treated animals within a month after treatment began. The antibody levels plateaued to a maximum after about 2 months and remained elevated until the tumors started to develop. The antibody concentration in the serum of these irradiated animals decreased then progressively to reach levels similar to those observed in untreated controls. It thus appears that the imminence of osteosarcoma development can be predicted by monitoring the anti-C-type virus antibody levels in the serum of the irradiated mice. These experiments also strongly suggest that treatment with 224Radium induces expression of endogenous viruses in the animals.
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Ebener U, Welte K, Chandra P. Purification and biochemical characterization of a virus-specific reverse transcriptase from human osteosarcoma tissue. Cancer Lett 1979; 7:179-88. [PMID: 92360 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(79)80078-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (RTase) was purified from human osteosarcoma tissue by successive column chromatography of the microsomal fraction on DEAE-cellulose (DE-23 and DE-52) and phosphocellulose. The purified enzyme has a molecular weight of about 68,000, a pH optimum of 8.1, a Mg2+ optimum of 0.8 mM, Mn2+ optimum of 1.0 mM and a KCl optimum of 60 mM. The enzyme transcribes (rA)n . (dT)12, (rC)n . (dG)12-18 and (2-O-methyl C)n . (dG)18, but is unable to transcribe (dA)n . (dT)10. The enzyme has no catalytic activity in the presence of oligodeoxynucleotide initiators alone, indicating the absence of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. The purified enzyme is able to transcribe the heteropolymeric regions of a 70S RNA from R(Mu)LV. The presented data support the presence of a RNA-dependent DNA polymerase in human osteosarcoma tissue with biochemical properties, resembling those of C-type RNA tumor viruses.
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Welte K, Ebener U, Chandra P. Serological characterization of a purified reverse transcriptase from osteosarcoma of a child. Cancer Lett 1979; 7:189-95. [PMID: 92361 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(79)80079-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Serological analysis of the reverse transcriptase (RTase), purified from human osteosarcoma tissue, has shown that it is antigenically related to DNA polymerases from BEV and from RD-114. No cross-reactivity of the osteosarcoma RTase was observed with RTases purified from AMV, RLV, SiSV, GaLV and from human spleen of a patient with myelofibrosis.
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6
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Hehlmann R, Balda BR, Spiegelman S. Particles from mouse melanoma B16 containing reverse transcriptase and 70S RNA related to human melanoma cytoplasmic RNA. Arch Dermatol Res 1978; 262:157-65. [PMID: 80158 DOI: 10.1007/bf00455385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mouse melanoma B16 contains particles encapsulating high molecular weight RNA of 60--70S size associated with a reverse transcriptase. The [3H]DNA synthesized by these particles possesses homology with RNA isolated from a hamster melanoma and from three human malignant melanomas.
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7
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Jose DG. Virus-associated malignant diseases in animals and man. AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 1978; 8:195-214. [PMID: 98143 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.1978.tb04512.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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8
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Hehlmann R, Balda BR, Spiegelman S. Murine and human melanomas containing a high molecular weight RNA associated with an RNA-instructed DNA polymerase. Int J Dermatol 1978; 17:115-22. [PMID: 77259 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1978.tb06120.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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10
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Complexing Rauscher leukemia virus reverse transcriptase with human plasma ribonuclease from Hodgkin's disease patients. J Biol Chem 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)41035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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11
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Sawada H, Tashima M, Nakamura T, Uchiyama T, Sagawa K, Takatsuki K, Uchino H, Ito Y. RNA-reverse transcriptase complex from cultured human myeloma-leukemia cells. Int J Cancer 1977; 20:15-20. [PMID: 71270 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910200105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A high molecular weight RNA-reverse transcriptase complex in the culture media of peripheral leukocytes obtained from two Japanese patients with myeloma-leukemia was detected by demonstration of a 3H-uridine peak and a peak of DNA polymerizing activity banding at a density of 1.15-1.19g/ml. The enzyme in the complex was able to utilize poly(rA)-d(pT)10 or poly (rC)-d(pG) 12-18, but not poly (dA)-d(pT) 10 or (dT) 12-18 as template-primers. The sucrose density sedimentation analysis revealed that RNA in the complex sedimented at a location of approximately 50s and 20-30s.
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12
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Abstract
Previous work done in this laboratory has shown that human Central Nervous System tumors possess attributes in common with those found in RNA tumor viruses. Because of the intimate physical relationship between the circulating cerebro-spinal fluid and the Central Nervous System, particles derived from tumors in this system may very well be shedded into the surrounding fluid system thus displaying similar biochemical attributes. Twenty samples of cerebro-spinal fluids were examined. Fifteen were from patients with various types of tumors in various location of the Central Nervous System. Five were from patients with unrelated diseases. Eleven or 74% of those from tumor patients were found to be positive when simultaneous detection assays were done on their core structures. None of the control was positive. The [3H]DNA synthesized from core structures hybridized readily to polysomal RNAs from a solid tumor. Particles from them were found to have a density of 1.867 g/ml sucrose gradient.
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Wong-Staal F, Gillespie D, Gallo RC. Proviral sequences of baboon endogenous type C RNA virus in DNA of human leukaemic tissues. Nature 1976; 262:190-5. [PMID: 180434 DOI: 10.1038/262190a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hybridisation of RNA from a baboon endogenous type C RNA virus to DNA from tissues of leukaemic patients indicates that a virus of this type is horizontally transmitted among humans. DNA from several patients with leukaemia hybridised 70% of the hybridisable RNA from baboon endogenous type C RNA virus (BaEV) and yielded hybrids of high tm, whereas DNA from normal human tissues hybridised only 23% of the BaEV RNA, and the tm of these hybrids was lower.
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Steinke H, Laufs R, Dörfler W. Oncornaviruslike particles in human malignancies. Med Microbiol Immunol 1976; 162:137-42. [PMID: 59306 DOI: 10.1007/bf02121323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal and epithelial human malignancies were examined in the simultaneous detection test for the presence of particles with 70 S RNA and reverse transcriptase. Out of the 23 tumors tested 14 were found to be positive (61%). The finding that 2 uterine cancers contained 70 S RNA and reverse transcriptase indicates that uterine cancers may belong to the list of malignancies where the involvement of oncornaviruses is suspected. Out of the 10 human sarcomas examined in this study 4 were shown to contain particles with properties of oncornaviruses.
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Tavitian A, Larsen CJ, Hamelin R, Boiron M. Murine and simian C-type viruses: sequences detected in the RNA of human leukemic cells by the c-DNA probes. HAMATOLOGIE UND BLUTTRANSFUSION 1976; 19:451-5. [PMID: 188730 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-87524-3_40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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19
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Spiegelman S. Molecular evidence for the association of RNA tumor viruses with human mesenchymal malignancies. HAMATOLOGIE UND BLUTTRANSFUSION 1976; 19:391-429. [PMID: 64383 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-87524-3_38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Laprevotte I, Chuat JC, L'hirondel AM, Peries J, Boiron M. A search for antibodies against human sarcoma cells in patients' sera by indirect immunofluorescence on fixed cells. Eur J Cancer 1975; 11:757-62. [PMID: 1107049 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2964(75)90052-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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22
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Polli EE, Corneo G. Nucleic Acid Studies on the Pathogenesis of Leukaemia. Br J Haematol 1975. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1975.tb00908.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Zurcher C, Brinkhof J, Bentvelzen P, De Man JC. C-type virus antigens detected by immunofluorescence in human bone tumour cultures. Nature 1975; 254:457-9. [PMID: 163988 DOI: 10.1038/254457a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Gillespie D, Saxinger WC, Gallo RC. Information transfer in cells infected by RNA tumor viruses and extension to human neoplasia. PROGRESS IN NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1975; 15:1-108. [PMID: 49067 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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25
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26
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Birkmayer GD, Miller F, Marguth F. Oncorna-viral information in human glioblastoma. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 1974; 35:241-54. [PMID: 4139240 DOI: 10.1007/bf01258955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Cuatico W, Cho JR, Spiegelman S. Evidence of particle-associated RNA-directed DNA polymerase and high molecular weight RNA in human gastrointestinal and lung malignancies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1974; 71:3304-8. [PMID: 4137655 PMCID: PMC388674 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.71.8.3304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous communications have demonstrated that neoplastic cells of human breast cancers, leukemias, lymphomas, sarcomas, and brain tumors contain particles with similar diagnostic attributes as those found in RNA oncornaviruses. The present paper concerns malignancies of the gastrointestinal and pulmonary systems for which, like brain tumors, no suitable animal model or corresponding virus exists. By means of the simultaneous detection assay, these tumors have been found to contain 70S RNA and RNA-directed DNA polymerase encapsulated in particulate components possessing densities of 1.16-1.17 g/ml. Twelve out of 17 (70%) colon carcinomas, three out of five (60%) gastric carcinomas, all of three rectal carcinomas, and seven out of ten (70%) lung carcinomas contained detectable levels of these virus-like entities. None of the corresponding normal tissues was positive.
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29
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Parsons PG, Goss P, Pope JH. Detection in human melanoma cell lines of particles with some properties in common with RNA tumour viruses. Int J Cancer 1974; 13:606-18. [PMID: 4135773 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910130505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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30
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RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase—Properties and Functions in Oncogenic RNA Viruses and Cells1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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31
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32
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33
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34
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Viola MV, White LR. Differences in murine leukaemia virus-specific DNA sequences in normal and malignant cells. Nature 1973; 246:485-7. [PMID: 4796940 DOI: 10.1038/246485a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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35
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Okabe H, Gilden RV, Hatanaka M. Specificity of the DNA product of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase in type C viruses. II. Quantitative analysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1973; 70:3923-7. [PMID: 4129928 PMCID: PMC427358 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.70.12.3923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of mammalian Type C viruses were analyzed for relatedness by the technique of DNA.RNA hybridization. Viral DNAs were prepared in single-stranded form from complexes with 70S viral RNA formed during endogenous polymerase reactions. Extent of hybridization was assayed with the single-strand nuclease (S-1) from Aspergillus oryzae. Results obtained indicated a high degree of viral specificity, with significant cross-reactions being observed only with viruses obtained from within a species, as in the case of mouse and cat viruses, or in the special case of woolly monkey-gibbon comparisons. Comparisons of RD-114 virus, recently determined to be of feline origin, and conventional feline Type C viruses (FeLV), revealed minimal relatedness, especially when feline virus was grown on human cells, thus indicating the possibility of coexistence of greatly disparate Type C viruses within one species. A rat-specific virus, recovered from tumors induced by murine sarcoma virus, was found to contain genetic material common to both the original mouse virus and viruses indigenous to the rat, even though only rat-specific proteins have been detected during infection by this virus.
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36
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Kufe DW, Peters WP, Spiegelman S. Unique nuclear DNA sequences in the involved tissues of Hodgkin's and Burkitt's lymphomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1973; 70:3810-4. [PMID: 4521207 PMCID: PMC427334 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.70.12.3810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that Hodgkin's, Burkitt's, and other human lymphomas contain particulate elements encapsulating 70S RNA and RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. [(3)H]DNA probes endogenously synthesized by these particles were used to demonstrate that the nuclear DNA of the lymphomas contain particle-related sequences that cannot be detected (less than 1/20th of a copy per genome) in the DNA of normal cells. This result agrees with our earlier findings in human leukemias. The data are inconsistent with any etiologic concept that invokes germ-line transmission of at least one complete copy of the particulate information associated with the malignancy. The unique sequences found in the nuclear DNA of Burkitt's and Hodgkin's tissues are related to each other but not to the DNA of the Epstein-Barr virus.
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37
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East JL, Knesek JE, Allen PT, Dmochowski L. Strandedness and complementarity of DNA from long-term RNA-dependent DNA polymerase reactions of Soehner-Dmochowski murine sarcoma virus. J Virol 1973; 12:1049-64. [PMID: 4358160 PMCID: PMC356736 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.12.5.1049-1064.1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA product of the endogenously instructed RNA-dependent DNA polymerase reaction of murine sarcoma virus continued to be synthesized for as long as 64 h in the presence of 0.008% Triton X-100. Higher detergent concentrations and actinomycin D inhibited DNA product synthesis. The DNA product from long-term polymerase reactions consisted of small DNA fragments as shown by sedimentation in alkaline sucrose gradients. The enzymatic DNA product was separated into a slow sedimenting fraction and a fast sedimenting fraction by rate-zonal centrifugation. Fast sedimenting DNA was the predominant fraction made in viral polymerase reactions containing 262 mM NaCl. By using a combination of S-1 nuclease and pancreatic RNase A, the amount of single-stranded DNA, double-stranded DNA, and DNA-RNA hybrid present in the slow-sedimenting and fast-sedimenting fractions was determined. Under standard polymerase conditions of 70 mM NaCl, single-stranded DNA was the major form of DNA found in both fractions. In contrast, the prevalent form of DNA made in the presence of 262 mM NaCl was DNA-RNA hybrid. Hybridization studies in which either S-1 nuclease or pancreatic RNase A was used to measure hybrid formation demonstrated not only that the DNA product was complementary in base sequence to the RNA genome, but also that at least 79 to 84% of the RNA genome was transcribed into complementary DNA.
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38
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Peters WP, Kufe D, Schlom J, Frankel JW, Prickett CO, Groupé V, Spiegelman S. Biological and biochemical evidence for an interaction between Marek's disease herpesvirus and avian leukosis virus in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1973; 70:3175-8. [PMID: 4361680 PMCID: PMC427195 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.70.11.3175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA-containing Epstein-Barr herpesvirus has been implicated in the etiology of Burkitt's lymphoma, a malignant tumor of children in Africa. Recently, however, particles possessing four biochemical characteristics of RNA tumor viruses have also been identified in these tumors. The fact that both types of viruses are found suggests that an interaction between them may be playing a role in the etiology of Burkitt's lymphoma. To explore this possibility with a defined animal model, experiments were performed with the avian Marek's disease, a malignant lymphoproliferative disease associated with a herpesvirus. Controlled contact studies demonstrated that tumorigenesis in a line of isolator-derived, barrier-sustained, specific pathogen-free chickens requires exposure to both the Marek's disease herpesvirus and an avian leukosis virus, Rous-associated virus, type 2. Exposure to either agent alone did not result in tumors. Molecular hybridization experiments to cytoplasmic RNA from similarly contact-exposed conventional Cornell S-line chickens provided further evidence for the occurrence of an interaction between Marek's disease herpesvirus and the avian leukosis virus.
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Keydar J, Gilead Z, Hartman JR, Ben-Shaul Y. In vitro production of mouse mammary tumor virus in a mouse mammary tumor ascites line. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1973; 70:2983-7. [PMID: 4126729 PMCID: PMC427152 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.70.10.2983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
An ascites line derived from a spontaneous mouse mammary carcinoma produces, on explantation and cultivation in vitro, large amounts of oncornavirus particles. The biochemical, biophysical, and electron microscopic characteristics of the virions are described. Molecular hybridization and immunological methods identify these virions as mouse mammary tumor virus.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Viral/analysis
- Ascitic Fluid
- Cell Line
- Centrifugation, Density Gradient
- Complement Fixation Tests
- DNA, Viral/analysis
- DNA, Viral/biosynthesis
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/microbiology
- Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/immunology
- Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/isolation & purification
- Mice
- Microscopy, Electron
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- Polynucleotides
- RNA
- RNA, Viral/analysis
- RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism
- Templates, Genetic
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40
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Cuatico W, Cho JR, Spiegelman S. Particles with RNA of high molecular weight and RNA-directed DNA polymerase in human brain tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1973; 70:2789-93. [PMID: 4126727 PMCID: PMC427110 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.70.10.2789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that neoplastic cells of human breast cancers, leukemias, lymphomas, and sarcomas contain particles similar to the viruses that have been established as etiologic agents of these diseases in mice. The present paper concerns tumors of the central nervous system for which no suitable animal model or corresponding virus exists. Nevertheless, using the simultaneous detection test, we showed that human brain tumors contain 70S RNA and RNA-directed DNA polymerase encapsulated in a particulate component possessing a density of 1.17 g/ml. These particles satisfy the three diagnostic criteria that characterize RNA tumor viruses of animals. 24 Out of 26 (92%) of the most malignant (glioblastoma and medulloblastoma) brain tumors examined contained these virus-like entities.
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41
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Baxt W, Yates JW, Wallace HJ, Holland JF, Spiegelman S. Leukemia-specific DNA sequences in leukocytes of the leukemic member of identical twins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1973; 70:2629-32. [PMID: 4126265 PMCID: PMC427070 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.70.9.2629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery in human leukemic cells of particulate elements encapsulating 70S RNA and RNA-directed DNA polymerase made possible the synthesis of a [(3)H]DNA probe that could detect leukemia-specific sequences in the DNA of normal and leukemic individuals. In an earlier study of a series of unrelated leukemic patients, we established that the nuclear DNA of their leukemic cells contain particle-related sequences that cannot be detected in leukocytes of normal individuals. This result is inconsistent with the virogene concept that demands the inclusion of one complete copy of oncogenic information in the genome of every normal cell. The present study carries this analysis one step further by showing, with two sets of identical twins, that the leukemic member contains particle-related sequences in the DNA of his leukocytes that cannot be detected in the leukocytes of his healthy identical sibling. This finding implies that the additional leukemia-specific information found in the DNA of the leukemic individuals must have been inserted subsequent to fertilization. This outcome argues against the virogene hypothesis or any other etiologic concept that invokes vertical transmission through the germ line of the particle-related information found uniquely in the DNA of leukemic cells.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Base Sequence
- Chromatography, Affinity
- DNA/metabolism
- DNA, Neoplasm/blood
- DNA, Neoplasm/isolation & purification
- DNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- DNA, Viral/biosynthesis
- DNA, Viral/blood
- DNA, Viral/isolation & purification
- Diseases in Twins/blood
- Diseases in Twins/microbiology
- Humans
- Hydroxyapatites
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/blood
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/microbiology
- Leukocytes/analysis
- Male
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- RNA, Ribosomal
- RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism
- Templates, Genetic
- Tritium
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42
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Alderson T. Chemotherapy for an elective effect on mammalian tumour cells. NATURE: NEW BIOLOGY 1973; 244:3-6. [PMID: 4515913 DOI: 10.1038/newbio244003a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Ruprecht RM, Goodman NC, Spiegelman S. Determination of natural host taxonomy of RNA tumor viruses by molecular hybridization: application to RD-114, a candidate human virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1973; 70:1437-41. [PMID: 4351179 PMCID: PMC433514 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.70.5.1437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The lysogenic bacteriophages and the RNA tumor viruses have in common the ability to add their genetic information to the genome of their host cells. The biological similarity extends further; data summarized here indicate that they both possess homology to the DNA of their uninfected indigenous hosts. Sharing of common sequences with normal host DNA has been established with avian, murine, feline, and primate oncornaviruses. This finding provides a method for determining the taxonomic position of the natural host of any new RNA tumor virus isolated. Application of this approach to RD-114 revealed extensive hybridization to normal cat DNA and little, if any, hybridization to human DNA. We conclude that the data assign a feline origin rather than a human origin to RD-114.
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Reimann HA. Infectious diseases: annual review of significant publications. Postgrad Med J 1973; 49:325-43. [PMID: 4374693 PMCID: PMC2495868 DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.49.571.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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45
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Kufe D, Magrath IT, Ziegler JL, Spiegelman S. Burkitt's tumors contain particles encapsulating RNA-instructed DNA polymerase and high molecular weight virus-related RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1973; 70:737-41. [PMID: 4123690 PMCID: PMC433347 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.70.3.737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Burkitt's lymphomas, linked by previous studies with the DNA-containing Epstein-Barr virus, contain an RNA related in sequence to that of Rauscher leukemia virus. The present study establishes that the viral-related RNA found in Burkitt's tumors is a 70S component encapsulated with RNA-instructed DNA polymerase in a particle possessing a density characteristic of RNA tumor viruses. Further, the DNA synthesized by the Burkitt particles hybridizes specifically to the RNA of Rauscher leukemia virus. Thus, four features characteristic of a known oncogenic RNA agent are also exhibited by particles found with a high (87%) frequency in Burkitt's tumors. The relation between the RNA particle and the Epstein-Barr virus and their etiological roles remains to be elucidated. However, relevant to these issues is the finding reported here that the presence of Epstein-Barr virus information in nonneoplastic cells does not lead to the production of the RNA particles that have been detected now in three different human neoplasias, including leukemias, breast cancer, and Burkitt's disease.
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Kufe D, Hehlmann R, Spiegelman S. RNA related to that of a murine leukemia virus in Burkitt's tumors and nasopharyngeal carcinomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1973; 70:5-9. [PMID: 4346039 PMCID: PMC433170 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.70.1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA homologous to that of the Rauscher leukemia virus has been detected in Burkitt's lymphomas and nasopharyngeal carcinomas. Earlier excellent experimental evidence has linked these two human tumors with the Epstein-Barr virus, a DNA-containing agent.
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48
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Baxt WG, Spiegelman S. Nuclear DNA sequences present in human leukemic cells and absent in normal leukocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1972; 69:3737-41. [PMID: 4509337 PMCID: PMC389860 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.69.12.3737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The central purpose of the present study was to test the proposition that the nuclear DNA of every human cell contains whatever information is necessary and sufficient for transformation to malignancy. The experiments were made possible by our earlier identification in human leukemic cells of particulate elements encapsulating 70S RNA and RNA-directed DNA polymerase. The [(3)H]DNA synthesized by these particles was used as a probe, through molecular hybridization, to normal and leukemic DNA. The results obtained establish that leukemic nuclear DNA contains particle-related sequences that cannot be detected in normal leukocytes. This outcome does not support the virogene-oncogene theory, which postulates the inclusion of at least one complete copy of oncogenic information in the genome of every normal cell. The data suggest that we may not be forced to cope with an omnipresent DNA segment coding for malignancy. Under the circumstances, we can perhaps entertain more hopeful pathways leading to the control and cure of cancer.
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49
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Baxt W, Hehlmann R, Spiegelman S. Human leukaemic cells contain reverse transcriptase associated with a high molecular weight virus-related RNA. NATURE: NEW BIOLOGY 1972; 240:72-5. [PMID: 4117891 DOI: 10.1038/newbio240072a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
MESH Headings
- Centrifugation, Density Gradient
- DNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- DNA, Viral/analysis
- DNA, Viral/biosynthesis
- Humans
- Leukemia/enzymology
- Leukemia, Lymphoid/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myeloid/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/enzymology
- Leukocytes/enzymology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/enzymology
- Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- RNA, Viral/isolation & purification
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/isolation & purification
- RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism
- Rauscher Virus
- Templates, Genetic
- Tritium
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Sarngadharan MG, Sarin PS, Reitz MS, Gallo RC. Reverse transcriptase activity of human acute leukaemic cells: purification of the enzyme, response to AMV 70S RNA, and characterization of the DNA product. NATURE: NEW BIOLOGY 1972; 240:67-72. [PMID: 4117890 DOI: 10.1038/newbio240067a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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