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Kerneur C, Cano CE, Olive D. Major pathways involved in macrophage polarization in cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1026954. [PMID: 36325334 PMCID: PMC9618889 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1026954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play an important role in tissue homeostasis, tissue remodeling, immune response, and progression of cancer. Consequently, macrophages exhibit significant plasticity and change their transcriptional profile and function in response to environmental, tissue, and inflammatory stimuli resulting in pro- and anti-tumor effects. Furthermore, the categorization of tissue macrophages in inflammatory situations remains difficult; however, there is an agreement that macrophages are predominantly polarized into two different subtypes with pro- and anti-inflammatory properties, the so-called M1-like and M2-like macrophages, respectively. These two macrophage classes can be considered as the extreme borders of a continuum of many intermediate subsets. On one end, M1 are pro-inflammatory macrophages that initiate an immunological response, damage tissue integrity, and dampen tumor progression by fostering robust T and natural killer (NK) cell anti-tumoral responses. On the other end, M2 are anti-inflammatory macrophages involved in tissue remodeling and tumor growth, that promote cancer cell proliferation, invasion, tumor metastasis, angiogenesis and that participate to immune suppression. These decisive roles in tumor progression occur through the secretion of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and matrix metalloproteases, as well as by the expression of immune checkpoint receptors in the case of M2 macrophages. Moreover, macrophage plasticity is supported by stimuli from the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) that are relayed to the nucleus through membrane receptors and signaling pathways that result in gene expression reprogramming in macrophages, thus giving rise to different macrophage polarization outcomes. In this review, we will focus on the main signaling pathways involved in macrophage polarization that are activated upon ligand-receptor recognition and in the presence of other immunomodulatory molecules in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Kerneur
- ImCheck Therapeutics, Marseille, France
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France
- *Correspondence: Clément Kerneur, ; Carla E. Cano, ; Daniel Olive,
| | - Carla E. Cano
- ImCheck Therapeutics, Marseille, France
- *Correspondence: Clément Kerneur, ; Carla E. Cano, ; Daniel Olive,
| | - Daniel Olive
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France
- *Correspondence: Clément Kerneur, ; Carla E. Cano, ; Daniel Olive,
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Wu S, Sun M, Zhang L, Kang S, Liao J, Zhu Z, Chen H, Xu Z, Xu L, Zhang X, Wei J, Qin Q. Grouper TRAF3 inhibits nodavirus infection by regulating the STING-mediated antiviral signaling pathway. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 123:172-181. [PMID: 35276350 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factors (TRAFs) are major signal transducers for the TNF and interleukin-1/Toll-like receptor superfamilies that transduce signals from various immune receptors. To investigate the interaction of TRAF3 and other proteins in signaling pathways and to identify its antiviral function in teleosts, we cloned and characterized a TRAF3 homolog from orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) (EcTRAF3). The open reading frame of EcTRAF3 consists of 1767 base pairs encoding a 588 amino acid protein, and the predicted molecular mass is 66.71 kDa EcTRAF3 shares 99.83% identity with TRAF3 of Epinephelus lanceolatus. Expression analysis revealed that EcTRAF3 was broadly distributed in examined tissues and was up-regulated under polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid and red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) stimulation in vivo. EcTRAF3 was identified as a cytosolic protein based on fluorescence microscopy analysis. Overexpression of EcTRAF3 inhibited RGNNV replication in grouper spleen cells, and it interacted with the coat protein of RGNNV. Overexpression of EcTRAF3 also induced the activation of interferon β (IFN-β), IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). EcTRAF3 co-transfected with Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) of grouper (EcSTING) induced a significantly higher level of IFN-β promoter activity. Moreover, EcTRAF3 interacted with EcSTING, implying that EcTRAF3 may function as an enhancer in EcSTING-mediated signaling. Taken together, our results suggest that EcTRAF3 negatively regulates the RGNNV-induced cellular antiviral response and plays an important role in the immune response system of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siting Wu
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Mengshi Sun
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Luhao Zhang
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Shaozhu Kang
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Jiaming Liao
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Zheng Zhu
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Hong Chen
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Zhuqing Xu
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Linting Xu
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Jingguang Wei
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China.
| | - Qiwei Qin
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266000, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), 528478, China.
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3
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Moatti A, Cohen JL. The TNF-α/TNFR2 Pathway: Targeting a Brake to Release the Anti-tumor Immune Response. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:725473. [PMID: 34712661 PMCID: PMC8546260 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.725473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly discovered anti-cancer immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor T cells, focus on spurring the anti-tumor effector T cell (Teff) response. Although such strategies have already demonstrated a sustained beneficial effect in certain malignancies, a substantial proportion of treated patients does not respond. CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), a suppressive subset of T cells, can impair anti-tumor responses and reduce the efficacy of currently available immunotherapies. An alternative view that has emerged over the last decade proposes to tackle this immune brake by targeting the suppressive action of Tregs on the anti-tumoral response. It was recently demonstrated that the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) is critical for the phenotypic stabilization and suppressive function of human and mouse Tregs. The broad non-specific effects of TNF-α infusion in patients initially led clinicians to abandon this signaling pathway as first-line therapy against neoplasms. Previously unrecognized, TNFR2 has emerged recently as a legitimate target for anti-cancer immune checkpoint therapy. Considering the accumulation of pre-clinical data on the role of TNFR2 and clinical reports of TNFR2+ Tregs and tumor cells in cancer patients, it is now clear that a TNFR2-centered approach could be a viable strategy, once again making the TNF-α pathway a promising anti-cancer target. Here, we review the role of the TNFR2 signaling pathway in tolerance and the equilibrium of T cell responses and its connections with oncogenesis. We analyze recent discoveries concerning the targeting of TNFR2 in cancer, as well as the advantages, limitations, and perspectives of such a strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Moatti
- Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne, INSERM, IMRB, Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire Chenevier Mondor, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biothérapie, Créteil, France
| | - José L Cohen
- Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne, INSERM, IMRB, Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire Chenevier Mondor, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biothérapie, Créteil, France
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Benoot T, Piccioni E, De Ridder K, Goyvaerts C. TNFα and Immune Checkpoint Inhibition: Friend or Foe for Lung Cancer? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168691. [PMID: 34445397 PMCID: PMC8395431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) can bind two distinct receptors (TNFR1/2). The transmembrane form (tmTNFα) preferentially binds to TNFR2. Upon tmTNFα cleavage by the TNF-alpha-converting enzyme (TACE), its soluble (sTNFα) form is released with higher affinity for TNFR1. This assortment empowers TNFα with a plethora of opposing roles in the processes of tumor cell survival (and apoptosis) and anti-tumor immune stimulation (and suppression), in addition to angiogenesis and metastases. Its functions and biomarker potential to predict cancer progression and response to immunotherapy are reviewed here, with a focus on lung cancer. By mining existing sequencing data, we further demonstrate that the expression levels of TNF and TACE are significantly decreased in lung adenocarcinoma patients, while the TNFR1/TNFR2 balance are increased. We conclude that the biomarker potential of TNFα alone will most likely not provide conclusive findings, but that TACE could have a key role along with the delicate balance of sTNFα/tmTNFα as well as TNFR1/TNFR2, hence stressing the importance of more research into the potential of rationalized treatments that combine TNFα pathway modulators with immunotherapy for lung cancer patients.
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5
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Hu S, Wang L, Xie X, Yang X, Cai L, Zhu A. Molecular characterization and functional analysis of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2/7 and tumor necrosis factor receptor 1-associated death domain protein from Larimichthys crocea. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 103:385-402. [PMID: 32387478 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we characterized tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2/7 (lcTRAF2/7) and TNFR1-associated death domain protein (lcTRADD) in Larimichthys crocea (L. crocea) and examined their expression profiles in tissues of Vibrio-challenged and unchallenged fish. The coding sequences of lcTRAF2, lcTRAF7, and lcTRADD were 1488, 2454, and 744 nucleotides, and they encoded proteins of 495, 344, and 248 amino acids, respectively. The results of phylogenetic analysis revealed that lcTRAF2, lcTRAF7, and lcTRADD were closest to Oplegnathus fasciatus (85%), Xiphophorus maculatus (97%), and Acanthochromis polyacanthus (65%), respectively. Multiple sequence alignment showed that lcTRAF2 and lcTRAF7 were highly conserved with other vertebrate TRAFs in their functional domains; however, lcTRADD was poorly conserved. The results of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that lcTRAF2, lcTRAF7, and lcTRADD were constitutively expressed in the spleen, liver, kidney, heart, brain, gill, bladder, skin, fin, eye, and muscle. After challenging fish with Vibrio parahaemolyticus, the mRNA expression levels of lcTRAF2, lcTRAF7, and lcTRADD were upregulated in liver, spleen, and kidney. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that lcTRAF2 and lcTRADD were cytoplasmic in localization, whereas lcTRAF7 targeted both the cytoplasm and nucleus. In addition, the NF-κB protein level was upregulated after lipopolysaccharide stimulation in lcTRAF2, lcTRAF7, or lcTRADD overexpressing cells. Taken collectively, these results have improved our understanding of the functions of TRAF2, TRAF7, and TRADD in pathogenic infections in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Aiyi Zhu
- Zhejiang Ocean University, China.
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6
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Fischer R, Kontermann RE, Pfizenmaier K. Selective Targeting of TNF Receptors as a Novel Therapeutic Approach. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:401. [PMID: 32528961 PMCID: PMC7264106 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a central regulator of immunity. Due to its dominant pro-inflammatory effects, drugs that neutralize TNF were developed and are clinically used to treat inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis. However, despite their clinical success the use of anti-TNF drugs is limited, in part due to unwanted, severe side effects and in some diseases its use even is contraindicative. With gaining knowledge about the signaling mechanisms of TNF and the differential role of the two TNF receptors (TNFR), alternative therapeutic concepts based on receptor selective intervention have led to the development of novel protein therapeutics targeting TNFR1 with antagonists and TNFR2 with agonists. These antibodies and bio-engineered ligands are currently in preclinical and early clinical stages of development. Preclinical data obtained in different disease models show that selective targeting of TNFRs has therapeutic potential and may be superior to global TNF blockade in several disease indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Fischer
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Roland E Kontermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Pfizenmaier
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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7
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Kim CM, Park HH. Comparison of Target Recognition by TRAF1 and TRAF2. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082895. [PMID: 32326186 PMCID: PMC7215387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although TRAF1 and TRAF2 share common receptors and have extremely conserved amino acid residues, recent studies have shown that key differences in receptor binding preferences with different affinities exist, which might be important for their different functions in TRAF-mediated signal transduction. To better understand TRAF1 and TRAF2 signaling, we analyzed and compared their receptor binding-affinities. Our study revealed that TRADD, TANK, and caspase-2 bind to both TRAF1 and TRAF2 with different affinities in vitro. Sequence and structural analyses revealed that S454 on TRAF2 (corresponding to A369 of TRAF1) is critical for the binding of TRADD, and F347 on TRAF1 (corresponding to L432 of TRAF2) is a critical determinant for high affinity binding of TANK and caspase-2.
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8
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Zhang N, Wang Z, Zhao Y. Selective inhibition of Tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (TNFR1) for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 55:80-85. [PMID: 32327345 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Anti-TNF biologics have achieved great success in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and have been the most selling biologics on market. However, the anti-TNF biologics have shown some disadvantages such as poor efficacy to some patients and high risk of infection and malignancies during clinical application. Current anti-TNF biologics are antibodies or antibody fragments that bind to TNF-α and subsequently block both TNF-TNFR1 and TNF-TNFR2 signaling. Transgenic animal studies indicate that TNFR1 signaling is responsible for chronic inflammation and cell apoptosis whereas TNFR2 signaling regulates tissue regeneration and inflammation. Recent studies propose to selectively inhibit TNFR1 to enhance efficacy and avoid side effects. In this review, we introduce the biology of TNF-TNFR1 and TNF-TNFR2 signaling, the advantages of selective inhibition of TNF-TNFR1 signaling and research updates on the development of selective inhibitors for TNF-TNFR1 signaling. Antibodies, small molecules and aptamers that selectively inhibit TNFR1 have showed therapeutic potential and less side effects in preclinical studies. Development of selective inhibitors for TNFR1 is a good strategy to enhance the efficacy and reduce the side effects of anti-TNF inhibitors and will be a trend for next-generation of anti-TNF inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, HeNan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, HeNan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, PR China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, PR China
| | - Yongxing Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, HeNan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, HeNan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, PR China.
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9
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Vadivel S, Vincent P, Sekaran S, Visaga Ambi S, Muralidar S, Selvaraj V, Palaniappan B, Thirumalai D. Inflammation in myocardial injury- Stem cells as potential immunomodulators for myocardial regeneration and restoration. Life Sci 2020; 250:117582. [PMID: 32222465 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ineffective immunosuppressant's and targeted strategies to neutralize inflammatory mediators have worsened the scenario of heart failure and have opened many questions for debate. Stem cell therapy has proven to be a promising approach for treating heart following myocardial infarction (MI). Adult stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells and embryonic stem cells are possible cell types and have successfully shown to regenerate damaged myocardial tissue in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Current implications of using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) owing to their immunomodulatory functions and paracrine effects could serve as an effective alternative treatment option for rejuvenating the heart post MI. The major setback associated with the use of MSCs is reduced cell retention, engraftment and decreased effectiveness. With a few reports on understanding the role of inflammation and its dual effects on the structure and function of heart, this review focuses on these missing insights and further exemplifies the role of MSCs as an alternative therapy in treating the pathological consequences in myocardial infarction (MI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajini Vadivel
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Preethi Vincent
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saravanan Sekaran
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Senthil Visaga Ambi
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Shibi Muralidar
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vimalraj Selvaraj
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balamurugan Palaniappan
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Diraviyam Thirumalai
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
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Zhu H, Li Y, Liu Y, Han B. Bivalent SMAC Mimetics for Treating Cancer by Antagonizing Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1951-1962. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 1166 Liutai Avenue Chengdu 611137 China
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University 168 Huaguan Road Chengdu 610052 China
| | - Yi Li
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University 168 Huaguan Road Chengdu 610052 China
| | - Yue Liu
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University 168 Huaguan Road Chengdu 610052 China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 1166 Liutai Avenue Chengdu 611137 China
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Li H, Chen T, Sun H, Wu X, Jiang X, Ren C. The first cloned echinoderm tumor necrosis factor receptor from Holothuria leucospilota: Molecular characterization and functional analysis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:542-550. [PMID: 31394160 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an echinoderm tumor necrosis factor receptor named HLTNFR-16 was first cloned from the tropical sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota. The full-length cDNA of HLTNFR-16 is 3675 bp in size, containing a 415 bp 5'-untranslated region (UTR), a 2024 bp 3'-UTR and a 1236 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a protein of 411 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 45.63 kDa. The HLTNFR-16 protein contains a signal peptide, four TNFR domains (the last three were identified as extracellular cysteine-rich domains), a transmembrane region and a death domain. Phylogenetic analysis showed that HLTNFR-16 was clustered into a clade with TNFR-16s in other species, indicating that this echinoderm TNFR may be a new member of the TNFR-16 subfamily. The results of TUNEL assay showed that the over expression of HLTNFR-16 could induce apoptosis in HEK293T cells. When HLTNFR-16 was silenced by siRNA, the apoptosis of sea cucumber coelomocytes induced by inactivated Vibrio harveyi was suppressed significantly, indicating that HLTNFR-16 is important for apoptosis induction. Additionally, luciferase reporter assay exhibited that the over-expressed HLTNFR-16 in HEK293T cells could activate the transcription factors nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1). Moreover, the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-18 in HEK293T cells was increased by the over-expression of HLTNFR-16. This study provides evidences for the potential roles of sea cucumber TNFR in the innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Li
- Guangzhou University, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Ting Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB); Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China; Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ISEE, CAS, PR China.
| | - Hongyan Sun
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China.
| | - Xiaofen Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB); Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China; Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ISEE, CAS, PR China.
| | - Xiao Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB); Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China; Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ISEE, CAS, PR China.
| | - Chunhua Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB); Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China; Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ISEE, CAS, PR China.
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12
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TNF-α inhibits glucocorticoid receptor-induced gene expression by reshaping the GR nuclear cofactor profile. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:12942-12951. [PMID: 31182584 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1821565116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid resistance (GCR) is defined as an unresponsiveness to the therapeutic effects, including the antiinflammatory ones of glucocorticoids (GCs) and their receptor, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). It is a problem in the management of inflammatory diseases and can be congenital as well as acquired. The strong proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha (TNF) induces an acute form of GCR, not only in mice, but also in several cell lines: e.g., in the hepatoma cell line BWTG3, as evidenced by impaired Dexamethasone (Dex)-stimulated direct GR-dependent gene up- and down-regulation. We report that TNF has a significant and broad impact on this transcriptional performance of GR, but no impact on nuclear translocation, dimerization, or DNA binding capacity of GR. Proteome-wide proximity-mapping (BioID), however, revealed that the GR interactome was strongly modulated by TNF. One GR cofactor that interacted significantly less with the receptor under GCR conditions is p300. NFκB activation and p300 knockdown both reduced direct transcriptional output of GR whereas p300 overexpression and NFκB inhibition reverted TNF-induced GCR, which is in support of a cofactor reshuffle model. This hypothesis was supported by FRET studies. This mechanism of GCR opens avenues for therapeutic interventions in GCR diseases.
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Aghajani M, Mansoori B, Mohammadi A, Asadzadeh Z, Baradaran B. New emerging roles of CD133 in cancer stem cell: Signaling pathway and miRNA regulation. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21642-21661. [PMID: 31102292 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) are rare immortal cells within a tumor that are able to initiate tumor progression, development, and resistance. Advances studies show that, like normal stem cells, CSCs can be both self-renewed and given rise to many cell types, therefore form tumors. A number of cell surface markers, such as CD44, CD24, and CD133 are frequently used to identify CSCs. CD133, a transmembrane glycoprotein, either alone or in collaboration with other markers, has been mainly considered to identify CSCs from different solid tumors. However, the exactness of CD133 as a cancer stem cell biomarker has not been approved yet. The clinical importance of CD133 is as a CSC marker in many cancers. Also, it contributes to shorter survival, tumor progression, and tumor recurrence. The expression of CD133 is controlled by many extracellular or intracellular factors, such as tumor microenvironment, epigenetic factors, signaling pathways, and miRNAs. In this study, it was attempted to determine: 1) CD133 function; 2) the role of CD133 in cancer; 3) CD133 regulation; 4) the therapeutic role of CD133 in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Aghajani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Mansoori
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Zahra Asadzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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14
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Ottaiano A, Pisano C, De Chiara A, Ascierto PA, Botti G, Barletta E, Apice G, Gridelli C, Iaffaioli VR. Cd40 Activation as Potential Tool in Malignant Neoplasms. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 88:361-6. [PMID: 12487551 DOI: 10.1177/030089160208800502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background CD40, a cell surface molecule, is expressed on B-cell malignancies and many different solid tumors. It is capable of mediating diverse biological phenomena such as the induction of apoptosis in tumors and stimulation of the immune response. It has thus been studied as a possible target for antitumor therapy. The general aim of this review is to focus the attention of clinical oncologists on the involvement of CD40 in tumors and the rationale of CD40-activation-based therapies in new, biologically oriented antitumor protocols. Methods A Medline review of published papers about the role of CD40 activation in cancer therapy. Results Many authors have shown that CD40 activation promotes apoptotic death of tumor cells and that the presence of the molecule on the surface of carcinoma lines is an important factor in the generation of tumor-specific T-cell responses that contribute to tumor cell elimination. The CD40 ligand (CD40L) is the natural ligand for CD40; it is expressed primarily on the surface of activated T lymphocytes. Preclinical studies suggest that CD40-CD40L interaction could be useful for cytotoxicity against CD40-expressing tumors and for immune stimulation. Tumor inhibition was observed when tumor cells were treated with agonistic anti-CD40 monoclonal antibodies or with the soluble form of CD40L. The results of the first phase I clinical trial to treat cancer patients with subcutaneous injection of recombinant human CD40L have been recently reported. Immunohistochemical studies have revealed that detection of CD40 in primary cutaneous malignant melanoma and lung cancer may have a negative prognostic value. Interestingly, up-regulation of CD40 was observed in the tumor vessels of renal carcinomas and Kaposi's sarcoma, suggesting possible involvement of CD40 in tumor angiogenesis. Recently, it has also been shown that CD40 engagement on endothelial cells induces in vitro tubule formation and expression of matrix metalloproteinases, two processes involved in the neovascularization and progression of tumors. Conclusions CD40 activation represents an exciting target for hematological malignancies and solid tumors expressing the molecule, but its functional role in cancer development still remains unclear and controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Ottaiano
- Division of Medical Oncology B, National Cancer Institute G Pascale, Naples, Italy.
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15
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Qu F, Xiang Z, Zhou Y, Qin Y. A molluscan TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) was involved in host defense against immune challenges. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 71:105-115. [PMID: 28986217 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) is a member of the TRAF superfamily that acted as a key signal transduction protein and has been implicated in inflammatory and apoptosis processes in mammals. However, identification of TRAF2s in invertebrates is very limited and its function, in particular that under immune challenges, is still unknown. In this report, a molluscan TRAF2 gene (referred to as AwTRAF2) was cloned and characterized from the freshwater bivalve, Anodonta woodiana. The open reading frame (ORF) of AwTRAF2 was 1683 bp in length, which encoded a putative 560 amino acid-protein. The deduced AwTRAF2 sequence shared similar structural characteristics and close evolutionary relationship with mollusk TRAF2s. The tissue-specific expression analysis revealed that AwTRAF2 mRNA was broadly expressed in all tested tissues, with high expression in gill and hepatopancreas. In addition, in vivo injection experiments directly showed that AwTRAF2 mRNA levels in hepatopancreas were significantly up-regulated in response to bacterial pathogen (Vibrio alginolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus) and PAMPs (Lipopolysaccharides and Peptidoglycan) challenges. Moreover, fluorescence microscopy observations revealed that AwTRAF2 was mainly located in cytoplasm of HEK293T cells and its overexpression significantly increased the transcriptional activities of the NF-κB-Luc reporter gene in HEK293T cells. Taken together, this study provided the experimental evidence of the presence of a functional TRAF2 in freshwater bivalves, which revealed its involvement in host response to immune challenges in A. woodiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fufa Qu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Zhiming Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yingli Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yanping Qin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou 510275, China
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16
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Mo WX, Yin SS, Chen H, Zhou C, Zhou JX, Zhao LD, Fei YY, Yang HX, Guo JB, Mao YJ, Huang LF, Zheng WJ, Zhang W, Zhang JM, He W, Zhang X. Chemotaxis of Vδ2 T cells to the joints contributes to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2017; 76:2075-2084. [PMID: 28866647 PMCID: PMC5705844 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-211069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the role of Vδ2 T cells in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Sixty-eight patients with RA, 21 patients with osteoarthritis and 21 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. All patients with RA fulfilled the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism criteria for RA. Peripheral Vδ2T population, chemokine receptor expression and proinflammatory cytokine secretion were quantified by flow cytometry. The infiltration of Vδ2 T cells within the synovium was examined by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. The effect of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 on Vδ2 T migration was determined by flow cytometry and transwell migration assay. RESULTS Peripheral Vδ2T cells, but not Vδ1 T cells, were significantly lower in patients with RA, which was negatively correlated with disease activity gauged by Disease Activity Score in 28 joints. Vδ2 T cells from RA accumulated in the synovium and produced high levels of proinflammatory cytokines including interferon-γ and IL-17. Phenotypically, Vδ2 T cells from RA showed elevated chemotaxis potential and expressed high levels of chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR3, which was driven by increased serum TNF-α through nuclear factor kappa B signalling. In vivo, TNF-α neutralising therapy dramatically downregulated CCR5 and CXCR3 on Vδ2 T cells and repopulated the peripheral Vδ2 T cells in patients with RA. CONCLUSIONS High levels of TNF-α promoted CCR5 and CXCR3 expression in Vδ2 T cells from RA, which potentially infiltrated into the synovium and played crucial roles in the pathogenesis of RA. Targeting Vδ2 T cells might be a potential approach for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xiu Mo
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Shan-Shan Yin
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Xin Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Dan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Yun Fei
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Hua-Xia Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Bo Guo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 256th Clinical Department of Bethune International Peace Hospital of PLA, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yu-Jia Mao
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Fang Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Jie Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Min Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
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17
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Lee KJ, Kim YK, Krupa M, Nguyen AN, Do BH, Chung B, Vu TTT, Kim SC, Choe H. Crotamine stimulates phagocytic activity by inducing nitric oxide and TNF-α via p38 and NFκ-B signaling in RAW 264.7 macrophages. BMB Rep 2017; 49:185-90. [PMID: 26818089 PMCID: PMC4915234 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2016.49.3.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Crotamine is a peptide toxin found in the venom of the rattlesnake Crotalus durissus terrificus and has antiproliferative, antimicrobial, and antifungal activities. Herein, we show that crotamine dose-dependently induced macrophage phagocytic and cytostatic activity by the induction of nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Moreover, the crotamineinduced expression of iNOS and TNF-α is mediated through the phosphorylation of p38 and the NF-κB signaling cascade in macrophages. Notably, pretreatment with SB203580 (a p38-specific inhibitor) or BAY 11-7082 (an NF-κB inhibitor) inhibited crotamine-induced NO production and macrophage phagocytic and cytotoxic activity. Our results show for the first time that crotamine stimulates macrophage phagocytic and cytostatic activity by induction of NO and TNF-α via the p38 and NF-κB signaling pathways and suggest that crotamine may be a useful therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammatory disease. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(3): 185-190].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Jin Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Yun Kyu Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Martin Krupa
- Department of Physiology and Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Anh Ngoc Nguyen
- Department of Physiology and Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Bich Hang Do
- Department of Physiology and Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Boram Chung
- Department of Physiology and Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Thi Thu Trang Vu
- Department of Physiology and Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Song Cheol Kim
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobilopancreatic Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Han Choe
- Department of Physiology and Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
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18
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Watanabe M, Nakano K, Kadin ME, Higashihara M, Watanabe T, Horie R. CD30 Induces Heat Shock Protein 90 and Signal Integration in Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 187:163-175. [PMID: 27870927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies report deregulation of multiple signaling pathways in classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) cells. However, the mechanisms of how these pathways are integrated are not fully understood. Herein, we show involvement of cHL hallmark antigen CD30 in this process. CD30 facilitates phosphorylation of heat shock factor 1, activates heat shock promoter element, and induces heat shock protein (HSP) 90. CD30 repression and subsequent inhibition of HSP90 suppresses NF-κB, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, AKT, and STAT pathways in cHL cell lines. Thus, CD30-mediated induction of HSP90 appears to serve as a central hub for integration of intracellular signaling in cHL cells. We also show that CD30 induces HSP90 through phosphorylation of heat shock factor 1 via c-Jun N-terminal kinase in cHL cells. Although anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) also is associated with CD30 overexpression, our experiments reveal that HSP90 induction in ALCL-bearing nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) does not depend on CD30 but instead on ALK via c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Together, these results highlight a novel role for CD30 in mediating integration of signaling pathways of cHL cells while being replaced in this function by ALK in ALCL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Watanabe
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazumi Nakano
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marshall E Kadin
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Masaaki Higashihara
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshiki Watanabe
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryouichi Horie
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan; Division of Hematology, Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
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19
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Albarbar B, Dunnill C, Georgopoulos NT. Regulation of cell fate by lymphotoxin (LT) receptor signalling: Functional differences and similarities of the LT system to other TNF superfamily (TNFSF) members. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2015; 26:659-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Samadi AK, Bilsland A, Georgakilas AG, Amedei A, Amin A, Bishayee A, Azmi AS, Lokeshwar BL, Grue B, Panis C, Boosani CS, Poudyal D, Stafforini DM, Bhakta D, Niccolai E, Guha G, Vasantha Rupasinghe HP, Fujii H, Honoki K, Mehta K, Aquilano K, Lowe L, Hofseth LJ, Ricciardiello L, Ciriolo MR, Singh N, Whelan RL, Chaturvedi R, Ashraf SS, Shantha Kumara HMC, Nowsheen S, Mohammed SI, Keith WN, Helferich WG, Yang X. A multi-targeted approach to suppress tumor-promoting inflammation. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S151-S184. [PMID: 25951989 PMCID: PMC4635070 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancers harbor significant genetic heterogeneity and patterns of relapse following many therapies are due to evolved resistance to treatment. While efforts have been made to combine targeted therapies, significant levels of toxicity have stymied efforts to effectively treat cancer with multi-drug combinations using currently approved therapeutics. We discuss the relationship between tumor-promoting inflammation and cancer as part of a larger effort to develop a broad-spectrum therapeutic approach aimed at a wide range of targets to address this heterogeneity. Specifically, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, cyclooxygenase-2, transcription factor nuclear factor-κB, tumor necrosis factor alpha, inducible nitric oxide synthase, protein kinase B, and CXC chemokines are reviewed as important antiinflammatory targets while curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, lycopene, and anthocyanins are reviewed as low-cost, low toxicity means by which these targets might all be reached simultaneously. Future translational work will need to assess the resulting synergies of rationally designed antiinflammatory mixtures (employing low-toxicity constituents), and then combine this with similar approaches targeting the most important pathways across the range of cancer hallmark phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Bilsland
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematics and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Amr Amin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin Health Sciences Institute, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State Univeristy, Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Bal L Lokeshwar
- Department of Urology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States; Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Brendan Grue
- Department of Environmental Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Carolina Panis
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Mediators, State University of West Paraná, UNIOESTE, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Chandra S Boosani
- Department of BioMedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Deepak Poudyal
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Diana M Stafforini
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Dipita Bhakta
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Gunjan Guha
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - H P Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Hiromasa Fujii
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kanya Honoki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kapil Mehta
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Leroy Lowe
- Getting to Know Cancer, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Lorne J Hofseth
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Luigi Ricciardiello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Neetu Singh
- Advanced Molecular Science Research Centre (Centre for Advanced Research), King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Richard L Whelan
- Department of Surgery, St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rupesh Chaturvedi
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - S Salman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - H M C Shantha Kumara
- Department of Surgery, St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Somaira Nowsheen
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Sulma I Mohammed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - W Nicol Keith
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Xujuan Yang
- University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
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21
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TRAF-mediated modulation of NF-kB AND JNK Activation by TNFR2. Cell Signal 2014; 26:2658-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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22
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Bozdag S, Li A, Baysan M, Fine HA. Master regulators, regulatory networks, and pathways of glioblastoma subtypes. Cancer Inform 2014; 13:33-44. [PMID: 25368508 PMCID: PMC4214595 DOI: 10.4137/cin.s14027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor. GBM samples are classified into subtypes based on their transcriptomic and epigenetic profiles. Despite numerous studies to better characterize GBM biology, a comprehensive study to identify GBM subtype- specific master regulators, gene regulatory networks, and pathways is missing. Here, we used FastMEDUSA to compute master regulators and gene regulatory networks for each GBM subtype. We also ran Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis on GBM expression dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas Project to compute GBM- and GBM subtype-specific pathways. Our analysis was able to recover some of the known master regulators and pathways in GBM as well as some putative novel regulators and pathways, which will aide in our understanding of the unique biology of GBM subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Bozdag
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. ; Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Aiguo Li
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mehmet Baysan
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. ; New York University Cancer Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Howard A Fine
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. ; New York University Cancer Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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Pan Y, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Peng K, Li W, Wang Y, Zhang J, Zhou S, Liu Q, Li X, Cai L, Liang G. Inhibition of JNK phosphorylation by a novel curcumin analog prevents high glucose-induced inflammation and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes and the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Diabetes 2014; 63:3497-511. [PMID: 24848068 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia-induced inflammation and apoptosis have important roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. We recently found that a novel curcumin derivative, C66, is able to reduce the high glucose (HG)-induced inflammatory response. This study was designed to investigate the protective effects on diabetic cardiomyopathy and its underlying mechanisms. Pretreatment with C66 significantly reduced HG-induced overexpression of inflammatory cytokines via inactivation of nuclear factor-κB in both H9c2 cells and neonatal cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, we showed that the inhibition of Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation contributed to the protection of C66 from inflammation and cell apoptosis, which was validated by the use of SP600125 and dominant-negative JNK. The molecular docking and kinase activity assay confirmed direct binding of C66 to and inhibition of JNK. In mice with type 1 diabetes, the administration of C66 or SP600125 at 5 mg/kg significantly decreased the levels of plasma and cardiac tumor necrosis factor-α, accompanied by decreasing cardiac apoptosis, and, finally, improved histological abnormalities, fibrosis, and cardiac dysfunction without affecting hyperglycemia. Thus, this work demonstrated the therapeutic potential of the JNK-targeting compound C66 for the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Importantly, we indicated a critical role of JNK in diabetic heart injury, and suggested that JNK inhibition may be a feasible strategy for treating diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Pan
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunjie Zhao
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kesong Peng
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixin Li
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology at the People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Quan Liu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Cai
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Sedger LM, McDermott MF. TNF and TNF-receptors: From mediators of cell death and inflammation to therapeutic giants - past, present and future. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2014; 25:453-72. [PMID: 25169849 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 537] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), initially known for its tumor cytotoxicity, is a potent mediator of inflammation, as well as many normal physiological functions in homeostasis and health, and anti-microbial immunity. It also appears to have a central role in neurobiology, although this area of TNF biology is only recently emerging. Here, we review the basic biology of TNF and its normal effector functions, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of therapeutic neutralization of TNF - now a commonplace practice in the treatment of a wide range of human inflammatory diseases. With over ten years of experience, and an emerging range of anti-TNF biologics now available, we also review their modes of action, which appear to be far more complex than had originally been anticipated. Finally, we highlight the current challenges for therapeutic intervention of TNF: (i) to discover and produce orally delivered small molecule TNF-inhibitors, (ii) to specifically target selected TNF producing cells or individual (diseased) tissue targets, and (iii) to pre-identify anti-TNF treatment responders. Although the future looks bright, the therapeutic modulation of TNF now moves into the era of personalized medicine with society's challenging expectations of durable treatment success and of achieving long-term disease remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Sedger
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia; The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
| | - Michael F McDermott
- Experimental Rheumatology, National Institute for Health Research - Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit (NIHR-LMBRU), and Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James University, Beckett Street, West Yorkshire, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK.
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25
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Zhao G, Hatting M, Nevzorova YA, Peng J, Hu W, Boekschoten MV, Roskams T, Muller M, Gassler N, Liedtke C, Davis RJ, Cubero FJ, Trautwein C. Jnk1 in murine hepatic stellate cells is a crucial mediator of liver fibrogenesis. Gut 2014; 63:1159-72. [PMID: 24037431 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-305507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The c-Jun N-terminal kinase-1 (Jnk1) gene has been shown to be involved in liver fibrosis. Here, we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism and define the cell type involved in mediating the Jnk1-dependent effect on liver fibrogenesis. DESIGN Jnk1(f/f) wildtype (WT), Jnk1(-/-) and Jnk1(Δhepa) (hepatocyte-specific deletion of Jnk1) mice were subjected to (i) bile duct ligation (BDL) and (ii) CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. Additionally, we performed bone marrow transplantations (BMT), isolated primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), studied their activation in vitro and investigated human diseased liver samples. RESULTS Phosphorylated Jnk was expressed in myofibroblasts, epithelial and inflammatory cells during the progression of fibrogenesis in humans and mice. In mice, liver transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin and liver histology revealed reduced injury in Jnk1(-/-) compared with WT and Jnk1(Δhepa) mice correlating with lower hepatocyte cell death and proliferation. Consequently, parameters of liver fibrosis such as Sirius red staining and collagen IA1 and α-smooth muscle actin expression were downregulated in Jnk1(-/-) compared with WT and Jnk1(Δhepa) livers, 4 weeks after CCl4 or BDL. BMT experiments excluded bone marrow-derived cells from having a major impact on the Jnk1-dependent effect on fibrogenesis, while primary HSCs from Jnk1(-/-) livers showed reduced transdifferentiation and extracellular matrix production. Moreover, Jnk1 ablation caused a reduced lifespan and poor differentiation of HSCs into matrix-producing myofibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS Jnk1 in HSCs, but not in hepatocytes, significantly contribute to liver fibrosis development, identifying Jnk1 in HSCs as a profibrotic kinase and a promising cell-directed target for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Hatting
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yulia A Nevzorova
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jin Peng
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mark V Boekschoten
- Division of Human Nutrition, Nutrition, Metabolism & Genomics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tania Roskams
- Department of Morphology and Molecular Pathology, Liver Research Unit, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael Muller
- Division of Human Nutrition, Nutrition, Metabolism & Genomics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nikolaus Gassler
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Liedtke
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Roger J Davis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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26
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Chao MW, Erkekoglu P, Tseng CY, Ye W, Trudel LJ, Skipper PL, Tannenbaum SR, Wogan GN. Intracellular generation of ROS by 3,5-dimethylaminophenol: persistence, cellular response, and impact of molecular toxicity. Toxicol Sci 2014; 141:300-13. [PMID: 24973092 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated extensive human exposure to the monocyclic aromatic amines, particularly to 3,5-dimethylaniline, and found an association between exposure to these compounds and risk for bladder cancer. Little is known about molecular mechanisms that might lead to the observed risk. We previously suggested that the hydroxylated 3,5-dimethylaniline metabolite, 3,5-dimethylaminophenol (3,5-DMAP), played a central role in effecting genetic change through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a redox cycle with 3,5-dimethylquinoneimine. Experiments here characterize ROS generation by 3,5-DMAP exposure in nucleotide repair-proficient and -deficient Chinese hamster ovary cells as a function of time. Besides, various cellular responses discussed herein indicate that ROS production is the principal cause of cytotoxicity. Fluorescence microscopy of cells exposed to 3,5-DMAP confirmed that ROS production occurs in the nuclear compartment, as suggested by a previous study demonstrating covalent linkage between 3,5-DMAP and histones. 3,5-DMAP was also compared with 3,5-dimethylhydroquinone to determine whether substitution of one of the phenolic hydroxyl groups by an amino group had a significant effect on some of the investigated parameters. The comparatively much longer duration of observable ROS produced by 3,5-DMAP (7 vs. 1 day) provides further evidence that 3,5-DMAP becomes embedded in the cellular matrix in a form capable of continued redox cycling. 3,5-DMAP also induced dose-dependent increase of H2O2 and ·OH, which were determined as the major free radicals contributing to the cytotoxicity and apoptosis mediated via caspase-3 activation. Overall, this study provides insight into the progression of alkylaniline-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Wei Chao
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli City, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Pinar Erkekoglu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye-Ankara, Turkey
| | - Chia-Yi Tseng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli City, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
| | - Wenjie Ye
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Laura J Trudel
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Paul L Skipper
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Steven R Tannenbaum
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Gerald N Wogan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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27
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Sun LL, Wang J, Zhao ZJ, Liu N, Wang AL, Ren HY, Yang F, Diao KX, Fu WN, Wan EH, Mi XY. Suppressive role of miR-502-5p in breast cancer via downregulation of TRAF2. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:2085-92. [PMID: 24677135 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
TRAF2 promotes cancer cell survival, proliferation and metastasis through the NF-κB pathway by directly interacting with various TNF recepors. However, the molecular mechanism of TRAF2 dysregulation in breast cancer remains to be elucidated. In the present study, miR-502-5p was predicted as a potential regulator of TRAF2. miR-502-5p was significantly downregulated in breast cancer tissues when compared to the level in paired normal breast tissues. The breast cancer cell lines including MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 expressed a lower level of miR-502-5p when compared to the level in the non-malignant breast epithelial cell line MCF-10A. In vitro, miR-502-5p enhanced early apoptosis and inhibited proliferation of breast cancer cells. Luciferase reporter assay results showed that miR-502-5p could bind to the 3'-untranslated region of the TRAF2 gene, thus, exerting an inhibitory effect on TRAF2. Furthermore, silencing of TRAF2 exhibited effects similar to those of exogenous miR‑502-5p, while overexpression of TRAF2 partially abrogated miR-502-5p-mediated suppression in breast cancer cells. In conclusion, miR-502-5p may act as a tumor-suppressor gene by targeting oncogenic TRAF2 in breast cancer and, therefore, may be a potential diagnostic and anticancer therapeutic marker for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Sun
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Juan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Lian Wang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Yan Ren
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Xin Diao
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Neng Fu
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - En-Hua Wan
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yi Mi
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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28
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Ishaq M, Kumar S, Varinli H, Han ZJ, Rider AE, Evans MDM, Murphy AB, Ostrikov K. Atmospheric gas plasma-induced ROS production activates TNF-ASK1 pathway for the induction of melanoma cancer cell apoptosis. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:1523-31. [PMID: 24574456 PMCID: PMC4004600 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-10-0590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric gas plasmas (AGPs) are able to selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells, offering a promising alternative to conventional therapies that have unwanted side effects such as drug resistance and toxicity. However, the mechanism of AGP-induced cancer cell death is unknown. In this study, AGP is shown to up-regulate intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and induce apoptosis in melanoma but not normal melanocyte cells. By screening genes involved in apoptosis, we identify tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-family members as the most differentially expressed cellular genes upon AGP treatment of melanoma cells. TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) antagonist-neutralizing antibody specifically inhibits AGP-induced apoptosis signal, regulating apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) activity and subsequent ASK1-dependent apoptosis. Treatment of cells with intracellular ROS scavenger N-acetyl-l-cysteine also inhibits AGP-induced activation of ASK1, as well as apoptosis. Moreover, depletion of intracellular ASK1 reduces the level of AGP-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. The evidence for TNF-signaling dependence of ASK1-mediated apoptosis suggests possible mechanisms for AGP activation and regulation of apoptosis-signaling pathways in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musarat Ishaq
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, North Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia Plasma Nanoscience Center, CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, North Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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29
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Gupta S, Gupta AA. Death of memory T-cell subsets in humans: changes during aging. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 3:637-45. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.3.4.637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
Programmed cell death (apoptosis) is a coordinated set of events eventually leading to the massive activation of specialized proteases (caspases) that cleave numerous substrates, orchestrating fairly uniform biochemical changes than culminate in cellular suicide. Apoptosis can be triggered by a variety of stimuli, from external signals or growth factor withdrawal to intracellular conditions, such as DNA damage or ER stress. Arrestins regulate many signaling cascades involved in life-or-death decisions in the cell, so it is hardly surprising that numerous reports document the effects of ubiquitous nonvisual arrestins on apoptosis under various conditions. Although these findings hardly constitute a coherent picture, with the same arrestin subtypes, sometimes via the same signaling pathways, reported to promote or inhibit cell death, this might reflect real differences in pro- and antiapoptotic signaling in different cells under a variety of conditions. Recent finding suggests that one of the nonvisual subtypes, arrestin-2, is specifically cleaved by caspases. Generated fragment actively participates in the core mechanism of apoptosis: it assists another product of caspase activity, tBID, in releasing cytochrome C from mitochondria. This is the point of no return in committing vertebrate cells to death, and the aspartate where caspases cleave arrestin-2 is evolutionary conserved in vertebrate, but not in invertebrate arrestins. In contrast to wild-type arrestin-2, its caspase-resistant mutant does not facilitate cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyi Kook
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, 2200 Pierce Ave, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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31
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Fortin Ensign SP, Mathews IT, Symons MH, Berens ME, Tran NL. Implications of Rho GTPase Signaling in Glioma Cell Invasion and Tumor Progression. Front Oncol 2013; 3:241. [PMID: 24109588 PMCID: PMC3790103 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most malignant of primary adult brain tumors, characterized by a highly locally invasive cell population, as well as abundant proliferative cells, neoangiogenesis, and necrosis. Clinical intervention with chemotherapy or radiation may either promote or establish an environment for manifestation of invasive behavior. Understanding the molecular drivers of invasion in the context of glioma progression may be insightful in directing new treatments for patients with GB. Here, we review current knowledge on Rho family GTPases, their aberrant regulation in GB, and their effect on GB cell invasion and tumor progression. Rho GTPases are modulators of cell migration through effects on actin cytoskeleton rearrangement; in non-neoplastic tissue, expression and activation of Rho GTPases are normally under tight regulation. In GB, Rho GTPases are deregulated, often via hyperactivity or overexpression of their activators, Rho GEFs. Downstream effectors of Rho GTPases have been shown to promote invasiveness and, importantly, glioma cell survival. The study of aberrant Rho GTPase signaling in GB is thus an important investigation of cell invasion as well as treatment resistance and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Patricia Fortin Ensign
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ , USA ; Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ , USA
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32
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Du W, Erden O, Pang Q. TNF-α signaling in Fanconi anemia. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2013; 52:2-11. [PMID: 23890415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a major pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in systemic inflammation and the acute phase reaction. Dysregulation of TNF production has been implicated in a variety of human diseases including Fanconi anemia (FA). FA is a genomic instability syndrome characterized by progressive bone marrow failure and cancer susceptibility. The patients with FA are often found overproducing TNF-α, which may directly affect hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function by impairing HSC survival, homing and proliferation, or indirectly change the bone marrow microenvironment critical for HSC homeostasis and function, therefore contributing to disease progression in FA. In this brief review, we discuss the link between TNF-α signaling and FA pathway with emphasis on the implication of inflammation in the pathophysiology and abnormal hematopoiesis in FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Du
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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33
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Fortin Ensign SP, Mathews IT, Eschbacher JM, Loftus JC, Symons MH, Tran NL. The Src homology 3 domain-containing guanine nucleotide exchange factor is overexpressed in high-grade gliomas and promotes tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis-fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14-induced cell migration and invasion via tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:21887-97. [PMID: 23775076 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.468686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the highest grade of primary adult brain tumors, characterized by a poorly defined and highly invasive cell population. Importantly, these invading cells are attributed with having a decreased sensitivity to radiation and chemotherapy. TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK)-Fn14 ligand-receptor signaling is one mechanism in GB that promotes cell invasiveness and survival and is dependent upon the activity of multiple Rho GTPases, including Rac1. Here we report that Src homology 3 domain-containing guanine nucleotide exchange factor (SGEF), a RhoG-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor, is overexpressed in GB tumors and promotes TWEAK-Fn14-mediated glioma invasion. Importantly, levels of SGEF expression in GB tumors inversely correlate with patient survival. SGEF mRNA expression is increased in GB cells at the invasive rim relative to those in the tumor core, and knockdown of SGEF expression by shRNA decreases glioma cell migration in vitro and invasion ex vivo. Furthermore, we showed that, upon TWEAK stimulation, SGEF is recruited to the Fn14 cytoplasmic tail via TRAF2. Mutation of the Fn14-TRAF domain site or depletion of TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) expression by siRNA oligonucleotides blocked SGEF recruitment to Fn14 and inhibited SGEF activity and subsequent GB cell migration. We also showed that knockdown of either SGEF or RhoG diminished TWEAK activation of Rac1 and subsequent lamellipodia formation. Together, these results indicate that SGEF-RhoG is an important downstream regulator of TWEAK-Fn14-driven GB cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon P Fortin Ensign
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA
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Jiang M, Wang C, Meng Q, Li F, Li K, Luo L, Sun C. Cyclosporin A attenuates weight gain and improves glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 370:96-102. [PMID: 23499865 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Revised: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a main factor responsible for obesity induced insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Since immunosuppressant activity is closely related with low level of inflammation, we predict that Cyclosporin A (CsA), an immunosuppressant drug, might have a protective role for combating inflammation-associated disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. To address this issue, obese or lean mice were received CsA via gavage at the dose of 10mg/kg/day for 3 weeks. Our results show that CsA treatment remarkably attenuates food intake and body weight gain in the obese mice. CsA treatment down-regulates expression of gluconeogenic gene including Pepck, G6Pase and Pgc1α, leading to a decrease in blood glucose level and an improvement of glucose tolerance in the obese animals. RT-PCR analysis of genes involved in adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism in white adipose tissue reveal that CsA application reduces expression of Pparγ, Fas and Scd 1. The productions of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-12 and TNFα) and JNK activity were remarkably reduced in the CsA-treated obese animals. These results suggest that CsA treatment might play beneficial effects against obesity and obesity related hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Jiang
- Model Animal Research Center, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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35
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Gui J, Li Z, Zhou X. Dynamic change of TNIK in response to tumor necrosis factor alpha in a TRAF2-dependent manner. Hum Cell 2013; 26:67-72. [PMID: 23355318 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-012-0058-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
TNIK (TRAF2- and NCK-interacting kinase) was named because of its association with TRAF2 (tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2). But the relationship between TNIK and TRAF2 is still elusive, in addition to which the involvement of TNIK in JNK activation by TNFα hints that there maybe a linkage between TNIK and TRAF2. In this work, we illustrated that TNIK protein levels were dynamic in response to TNFα stimulation in an ubiquitin-dependent manner. Further study showed that TRAF2 negatively modulated the levels of TNIK by regulating the ubiquitin conjugation. In conclusion, our data may give evidence that dynamic change of TNIK offers a way to protect cells from outside stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Gui
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Mailbox 539, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Hosono K, Yamada E, Endo H, Takahashi H, Inamori M, Hippo Y, Nakagama H, Nakajima A. Increased tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 expression in human colorectal adenomas. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:5360-8. [PMID: 23082052 PMCID: PMC3471104 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i38.5360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the expression statuses of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, its receptors (TNF-R) and downstream effector molecules in human colorectal adenomas.
METHODS: We measured the serum concentrations of TNF-α and its receptors in 62 colorectal adenoma patients and 34 healthy controls. The protein expression of TNF-α, TNF-R1, TNF-R2 and downstream signals of the TNF receptors, such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), nuclear factor-κ B and caspase-3, were also investigated in human colorectal adenomas and in normal colorectal mucosal tissues by immunohistochemistry. Immunofluorescence confocal microscopy was used to investigate the consistency of expression of TNF-R1 and phospho-JNK (p-JNK).
RESULTS: The serum levels of soluble TNF-R1 (sTNF-R1) in adenoma patients were significantly higher than in the control group (3.67 ± 0.86 ng/mL vs 1.57 ± 0.72 ng/mL, P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed the high diagnostic sensitivity of TNF-R1 measurements (AUC was 0.928) for the diagnosis of adenoma, and the best cut-off level of TNF-R1 was 2.08 ng/mL, with a sensitivity of 93.4% and a specificity of 82.4%. There were no significant differences in the serum levels of TNF-α or sTNF-R2 between the two groups. Immunohistochemistry showed high levels of TNF-R1 and p-JNK expression in the epithelial cells of adenomas. Furthermore, a high incidence of co-localization of TNF-R1 and p-JNK was identified in adenoma tissue.
CONCLUSION: TNF-R1 may be a promising biomarker of colorectal adenoma, and it may also play an important role in the very early stages of colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Mashima T, Seimiya H, Chen Z, Kataoka S, Tsuruo T. Apoptosis resistance in tumor cells. Cytotechnology 2012; 27:293-308. [PMID: 19002800 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008058031511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Various antitumor agents induce apoptotic cell death in tumor cells. Since the apoptosis program in tumor cells plays a critical role in the chemotherapy-induced tumor cell killing, it is suggested that the defect in the signaling pathway of apoptosis could cause a new form of multidrug resistance in tumor cells. This article describes the recent findings concerning the mechanisms of chemotherapy-induced apoptosis and discusses the implication of apoptosis resistance in cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mashima
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113, Japan
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JNK2 and JNK3 are major regulators of axonal injury-induced retinal ganglion cell death. Neurobiol Dis 2012; 46:393-401. [PMID: 22353563 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the apoptotic death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The primary insult to RGCs in glaucoma is thought to occur to their axons as they exit the eye in the optic nerve head. However, pathological signaling pathways that exert central roles in triggering RGC death following axonal injury remain unidentified. It is likely that the first changes to occur following axonal injury are signal relay events that transduce the injury signal from the axon to the cell body. Here we focus on the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK1-3) family, a signaling pathway implicated in axonal injury signaling and neurodegenerative apoptosis, and likely to function as a central node in axonal injury-induced RGC death. We show that JNK signaling is activated immediately after axonal injury in RGC axons at the site of injury. Following its early activation, sustained JNK signaling is observed in axonally-injured RGCs in the form of JUN phosphorylation and upregulation. Using mice lacking specific Jnk isoforms, we show that Jnk2 and Jnk3 are the isoforms activated in injured axons. Combined deficiency of Jnk2 and Jnk3 provides robust long-term protection against axonal injury-induced RGC death and prevents downregulation of the RGC marker, BRN3B, and phosphorylation of JUN. Finally, using Jun deficient mice, we show that JUN-dependent pathways are important for axonal injury-induced RGC death. Together these data demonstrate that JNK signaling is the major early pathway triggering RGC death after axonal injury and may directly link axon injury to transcriptional activity that controls RGC death.
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Ishizawa YH, Tamura K, Yamaguchi T, Matsumoto K, Komiyama M, Takamatsu N, Shiba T, Ito M. Xenopus death-domain-containing proteins FADD and RIP1 synergistically activate JNK and NF-κB. Biol Cell 2012; 98:465-78. [PMID: 16597320 DOI: 10.1042/bc20050091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Death receptors (DRs) induce intracellular signalling upon engagement of their cognate ligands, leading to apoptosis, cell survival or pro-inflammatory responses. In mammals, DR signalling is mediated by the recruitment of several DD (death domain)-containing molecules, such as FADD (Fas-associated DD) and RIP1 (receptor-interacting protein 1). RESULTS To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of intracellular DR signalling in Xenopus, we have isolated cDNAs encoding xFADD (Xenopus FADD), and xRIP1 and its short isoform xRIP1beta, which is produced by alternative splicing of the xRIP1 gene. These DD-containing proteins interacted with Xenopus DR members xDR-M1 and xDR-M2 through their DDs in co-transfected HEK-293T cells. Overexpression of xFADD activated not only xCaspase 8, but also AP-1 (activator protein 1), which reflects activation of JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) and NF-kappaB (nuclear factor kappaB). A comparative analysis of xRIP1, a kinase-dead mutant of xRIP1 and xRIP1beta indicated that the kinase activity of xRIP1 was required for the activation of AP-1 and NF-kappaB. Interestingly, xFADD and xRIP1 interacted with each other via their DDs, and the expression of a mutant xRIP1 containing only the DD (xRIP1-DD) repressed the xFADD-induced activation of NF-kappaB and AP-1. xFADD and xRIP1 synergistically induced the activation of AP-1 and NF-kappaB, both of which were partially mediated by TRAF2 (tumour-necrosis-factor-receptor-associated factor 2) and TAK1 (transforming-growth-factor-beta-activated kinase 1). We also found that the activation pathways of NF-kappaB induced by xDR-M2 were inhibited by xRIP1-DD. CONCLUSIONS Xenopus FADD, RIP1 and its splice variant RIP1beta have been characterized. Interaction of xFADD and xRIP1 induced synergistic activation of JNK and NF-kappaB. In addition, the NF-kappaB activation induced by xDR-M2 was partially mediated by xRIP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-hei Ishizawa
- Department of Bioscience, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara 228-8555, Japan
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40
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Tanic M, Zajac M, Gómez-López G, Benítez J, Martínez-Delgado B. Integration of BRCA1-mediated miRNA and mRNA profiles reveals microRNA regulation of TRAF2 and NFκB pathway. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 134:41-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-011-1905-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily members mediate the cellular response to a wide variety of biological inputs. The responses range from cell death, survival, differentiation, proliferation, to the regulation of immunity. All these physiological responses are regulated by a limited number of highly pleiotropic kinases. The fact that the same signaling molecules are involved in transducing signals from TNFR superfamily members that regulate different and even opposing processes raises the question of how their specificity is determined. Regulatory strategies that can contribute to signaling specificity include scaffolding to control kinase specificity, combinatorial use of several signal transducers, and temporal control of signaling. In this review, we discuss these strategies in the context of TNFR superfamily member signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bärbel Schröfelbauer
- Signaling Systems Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0375, USA.
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42
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Chung WC, Ishida T. An MD simulation of the decoy action of Epstein–Barr virus LMP1 protein mimicking the CD40 interaction with TRAF3. Theor Chem Acc 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-011-1006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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43
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Montgomery SL, Bowers WJ. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and the roles it plays in homeostatic and degenerative processes within the central nervous system. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2011; 7:42-59. [PMID: 21728035 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-011-9287-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a prototypic pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in the innate immune response. TNF-α ligation and downstream signaling with one of its cognate receptors, TNF-RI or TNF-RII, modulates fundamental processes in the brain including synapse formation and regulation, neurogenesis, regeneration, and general maintenance of the central nervous system (CNS). During states of chronic neuroinflammation, extensive experimental evidence implicates TNF-α as a key mediator in disease progression, gliosis, demyelination, inflammation, blood-brain-barrier deterioration, and cell death. This review explores the complex roles of TNF-α in the CNS under normal physiologic conditions and during neurodegeneration. We focus our discussion on Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease, relaying the outcomes of preclinical and clinical testing of TNF-α directed therapeutic strategies, and arguing that despite the wealth of functions attributed to this central cytokine, surprisingly little is known about the cell type- and stage-specific roles of TNF-α in these debilitating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L Montgomery
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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44
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Verhoog NJD, Du Toit A, Avenant C, Hapgood JP. Glucocorticoid-independent repression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha-stimulated interleukin (IL)-6 expression by the glucocorticoid receptor: a potential mechanism for protection against an excessive inflammatory response. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:19297-310. [PMID: 21474440 PMCID: PMC3103308 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.193672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Revised: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
TNFα signaling and cytokine levels play a crucial role in cervical immunity and the host response to infections. We investigated the role of liganded and unliganded glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in IL-6 and IL-8 gene regulation in response to TNFα in the End1/E6E7 immortalized human endocervical epithelial cell line. In the absence of glucocorticoids, both decreasing GR protein levels by an siRNA strategy and results with the GR antagonist RU486 suggest a role for the unliganded GR in reduction of TNFα-induced IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA levels in End1/E6E7 cells. Moreover, GR-dependent repression of endogenous IL-6 mRNA as well as a minimal IL-6 promoter-reporter gene is also demonstrated in COS-1 cells in the absence of GR ligand, suggesting a transcriptional mechanism that is not cell-specific. TNFα induced recruitment of both the unliganded GR and GR-interacting protein type 1 (GRIP-1) to the IL-6 promoter. This, together with GRIP-1 overexpression studies, suggests a function for GRIP-1 as a GR co-repressor in this context. TNFα was shown to induce phosphorylation of the unliganded human GR at Ser-226 but not Ser-211, unlike dexamethasone, which induced hyperphosphorylation at both serine residues. Ser-226 is shown to be required for the ligand-independent GR-mediated repression of IL-6 in response to TNFα. Taken together, these results support a model whereby the unliganded GR attenuates TNFα-stimulated IL-6 transcription by a mechanism involving selective phosphorylation and recruitment of the unliganded GR and GRIP-1 to the IL-6 promoter. These findings suggest the presence of a novel autoregulatory mechanism that may prevent overproduction of IL-6 in the endocervix, possibly protecting against negative effects of excessive inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolette J. D. Verhoog
- From the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town at Rondebosch, Rondebosch, 7701 South Africa
| | - Andrea Du Toit
- From the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town at Rondebosch, Rondebosch, 7701 South Africa
| | - Chanel Avenant
- From the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town at Rondebosch, Rondebosch, 7701 South Africa
| | - Janet P. Hapgood
- From the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town at Rondebosch, Rondebosch, 7701 South Africa
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45
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Kim WL, Kim MS, Kim KH. Molecular cloning of rock bream's (Oplegnathus fasciatus) tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 and its role in NF-κB activiation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 30:1178-1183. [PMID: 21320605 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) acts as a transducer of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-triggered cell signals which results in inflammation, cell proliferation and antiapoptotic response. In this study, we have cloned cDNA of rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) TRAF2, and analyzed its function in activation of NF-κB. The full length cDNA of rock bream TRAF2 consisted of 95 bp 5' UTR, 335 bp 3' UTR, and 1563 bp ORF encoding 520 amino acids that contained N-terminal RING-type and TRAF-type zinc finger domains and a C-terminal TRAF domain. The deduced amino acid sequence of rock bream TRAF2 showed more than 75% identity with other fish TRAF2s, and even as high as 56% identity with mouse and human TRAF2 proteins. To know whether the rock bream TRAF2 involves in NF-κB activation, Epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells harboring an NF-κB reporting vector were transfected with a vector expressing rock bream TRAF2 or a control empty vector. NF-κB activity of EPC cells was significantly increased by exposure to the rock bream recombinant TNF-α. EPC cells transfected with the vector expressing rock bream TRAF2 showed significantly higher NF-κB activity by stimulation with the recombinant TNF-α than cells transfected with a control empty vector, suggesting the present rock bream TRAF2 acts as a transducer of TNF-α-mediated cell signals that enhance NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Li Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Nam-gu 599-1, Busan 608-737, South Korea
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46
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Purification of reversibly oxidized proteins (PROP) reveals a redox switch controlling p38 MAP kinase activity. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15012. [PMID: 21085594 PMCID: PMC2981573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidation of cysteine residues of proteins is emerging as an important means of regulation of signal transduction, particularly of protein kinase function. Tools to detect and quantify cysteine oxidation of proteins have been a limiting factor in understanding the role of cysteine oxidation in signal transduction. As an example, the p38 MAP kinase is activated by several stress-related stimuli that are often accompanied by in vitro generation of hydrogen peroxide. We noted that hydrogen peroxide inhibited p38 activity despite paradoxically increasing the activating phosphorylation of p38. To address the possibility that cysteine oxidation may provide a negative regulatory effect on p38 activity, we developed a biochemical assay to detect reversible cysteine oxidation in intact cells. This procedure, PROP, demonstrated in vivo oxidation of p38 in response to hydrogen peroxide and also to the natural inflammatory lipid prostaglandin J2. Mutagenesis of the potential target cysteines showed that oxidation occurred preferentially on residues near the surface of the p38 molecule. Cysteine oxidation thus controls a functional redox switch regulating the intensity or duration of p38 activity that would not be revealed by immunodetection of phosphoprotein commonly interpreted as reflective of p38 activity.
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Abstract
TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α) is an extensively studied pleiotropic cytokine associated with the pathogenesis of a variety of inflammatory diseases. It elicits a wide spectrum of cellular responses which mediates and regulates inflammation, immune response, cell survival, proliferation and apoptosis. TNFα initiates its responses by binding to its receptors. TNFα-induced effector responses are mediated by the actions and interactions among the various intracellular signalling mediators in the cell. TNFα induces both survival and apoptotic signal in a TRADD (TNF receptor-associated DD)-dependent and -independent way. The signals are further transduced via a variety of signalling mediators, including caspases, MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases), phospholipid mediators and miRNA/miR (microRNA), whose roles in specific functional responses is not fully understood. Elucidating the complexity and cross talks among signalling mediators involved in the TNFα-mediated responses will certainly aid in the identification of molecular targets, which can potentially lead to the development of novel therapeutics to treat TNFα-associated disorders and in dampening inflammation.
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48
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D'Alessio A, Kluger MS, Li JH, Al-Lamki R, Bradley JR, Pober JS. Targeting of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 to low density plasma membrane domains in human endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:23868-79. [PMID: 20511226 PMCID: PMC2911292 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.122853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Revised: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
TNFR1 (tumor necrosis factor receptor 1) localizes to caveolae of human endothelial-derived EA.hy926 cells. Transduced TNFR1 molecules lacking amino acid residues 229-244 (spanning the transmembrane/intercellular boundary) are expressed on the cell surface equivalently to full-length TNFR1 molecules but incompletely localize to caveolae. A peptide containing this sequence pulls down CAV-1 (caveolin-1) and TNFR1 from cell lysates but fails to do so following disruption of caveolae with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin. We previously reported that methyl-beta-cyclodextrin eliminates caveolae and blocks tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced internalization of TNFR1 but not TNF-induced activation of NF-kappaB in EA.hy926 cells. Both CAV-1 and FLOT-2 (flotillin-2), organizing proteins of caveolae and lipid rafts, respectively, associate with caveolae in EA.hy926 cells. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of CAV-1 but not FLOT-2 strikingly reduces caveolae number. Both knockdowns reduce total TNFR1 protein expression, but neither prevents TNFR1 localization to low density membrane domains, TNF-induced internalization of TNFR1, or NF-kappaB activation by TNF. Both CAV-1 and FLOT-2 knockdowns reduce TNF-mediated activation of stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK). However, both knockdowns reduce expression of TRAF2 (TNF receptor-associated factor-2) protein, and small interfering RNA targeting of TRAF2 also selectively inhibits SAPK activation. We conclude that TNFR1 contains a membrane-proximal sequence that targets the receptor to caveolae/lipid rafts. Neither TNFR1 targeting to nor internalization from these low density membrane domains depends upon CAV-1 or FLOT-2. Furthermore, both NF-kappaB and SAPK activation appear independent of both TNFR1 localization to low density membrane domains and to TNF-induced receptor internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio D'Alessio
- From the Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics and
- the Departments of Immunobiology
- the Department of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Martin S. Kluger
- From the Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics and
- Dermatology, and
| | - Jie H. Li
- From the Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics and
- the Departments of Immunobiology
| | - Rafia Al-Lamki
- the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge and Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom, and
| | - John R. Bradley
- the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge and Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom, and
| | - Jordan S. Pober
- From the Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics and
- the Departments of Immunobiology
- Dermatology, and
- Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8089
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49
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McIntosh K, Cunningham MR, Cadalbert L, Lockhart J, Boyd G, Ferrell W, Plevin R. Proteinase-activated receptor-2 mediated inhibition of TNFalpha-stimulated JNK activation - A novel paradigm for G(q/11) linked GPCRs. Cell Signal 2010; 22:265-73. [PMID: 19781631 PMCID: PMC2806525 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2009.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study we examined the potential for PAR(2) and TNFalpha to synergise at the level of MAP kinase signalling in PAR(2) expressing NCTC2544 cells. However, to our surprise we found that activation of PAR(2) by trypsin or the specific activating peptide SLIGKV-OH strongly inhibited both the phosphorylation and activity of JNK. In contrast neither p38 MAP kinase nor ERK activation was affected although TNFalpha stimulated IkappaBalpha loss was partially reversed. The inhibitory effect was not observed in parental cells nor in cells expressing PAR(4), however inhibition was reversed by pre-incubation with the novel PAR(2) antagonist K14585, suggesting that the effect is specific for PAR(2) activation. SLIGKV-OH was found to be more potent in inhibiting TNFalpha-induced JNK activation than in stimulating JNK alone, suggesting agonist-directed signalling. The PKC activator PMA, also mimicked the inhibitory effect of SLIGKV-OH, and the effects of both agents were reversed by pre-treatment with the PKC inhibitor, GF109203X. Furthermore, incubation with the novel G(q/11) inhibitor YM25480 also reversed PAR(2) mediated inhibition. Activation of PAR(2) was found to disrupt TNFR1 binding to RIP and TRADD and this was reversed by both GF109203X and YM25480. A similar mode of inhibition observed in HUVECs through PAR(2) or P2Y2 receptors demonstrates the potential of a novel paradigm for GPCRs linked to G(q/11), in mediating inhibition of TNFalpha-stimulated JNK activation. This has important implications in assessing the role of GPCRs in inflammation and other conditions.
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Key Words
- par-2, proteinase-activated receptor-2
- par-2 ap, par-2 activating peptide
- 2f-ligkv-oh, 2-furoyl-ligkv-hydroxyl
- jnk, c-jun n-terminal protein kinase
- nfκb, nuclear factor kappa b
- pkc, protein kinase c
- map kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- pma, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate
- tnfα, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, tnfr1, tnf-receptor-1
- gpcr, g-protein-coupled receptors
- rip, receptor interacting protein
- tradd, tnf receptor activated death domain
- traf, tnf receptor activating factor
- nhek, normal human epithelial keratinocytes
- gf109203x, 3-[1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1h-indol-3-yl]-4-(1h-indol-3-yl)-1h-pyrrole-2,5-dione monohydrochloride
- fadd, fas-associated death domain
- madd, map kinase activating death domain protein
- il-6, interleukin-6
- proteinase-activated receptor 2
- c-jun n-terminal protein kinase
- tnfα
- protein kinase c
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn McIntosh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Strathclyde, Strathclyde Institute for Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow, G4 0NR, Scotland, UK
- School of Engineering and Science, University of The West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK
| | - Margaret R. Cunningham
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Strathclyde, Strathclyde Institute for Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow, G4 0NR, Scotland, UK
| | - Laurence Cadalbert
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Strathclyde, Strathclyde Institute for Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow, G4 0NR, Scotland, UK
| | - John Lockhart
- School of Engineering and Science, University of The West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK
| | - Gary Boyd
- School of Engineering and Science, University of The West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK
| | - W.R. Ferrell
- Centre for Rheumatic Disease, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| | - Robin Plevin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Strathclyde, Strathclyde Institute for Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow, G4 0NR, Scotland, UK
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50
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Zhou Z, Tao T, Ji Y, Yang H, Wang Y, Cheng C, Shen A, Lu X. SSeCKS promotes tumor necrosis factor-alpha autocrine via activating p38 and JNK pathways in Schwann cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2010; 30:701-7. [PMID: 20111901 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-009-9494-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Accepted: 12/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) derived from activated Schwann cells (SCs) plays a critical role as an inflammatory mediator in the peripheral nervous system disease. TNF-alpha could act as an autocrine mediator in SC activation. In this study, we found knockdown Src-suppressed protein kinase C substrate (SSeCKS) expression suppressed TNF-alpha production induced by TNF-alpha, overexpression of SSeCKS could promoted TNF-alpha autocrine in SCs. Such effects might be resulted in SSeCKS promoted p38 and JNK activation in SCs treated by TNF-alpha. Thus present data show that while SCs activation, SSeCKS may plays an important role in the release of inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengming Zhou
- Department of Osteology, Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Nantong University, and The Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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