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Ortiz GG, Torres-Mendoza BMG, Ramírez-Jirano J, Marquez-Pedroza J, Hernández-Cruz JJ, Mireles-Ramirez MA, Torres-Sánchez ED. Genetic Basis of Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases of the Central Nervous System: Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1319. [PMID: 37510224 PMCID: PMC10379341 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Demyelinating diseases alter myelin or the coating surrounding most nerve fibers in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The grouping of human central nervous system demyelinating disorders today includes multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) as distinct disease categories. Each disease is caused by a complex combination of genetic and environmental variables, many involving an autoimmune response. Even though these conditions are fundamentally similar, research into genetic factors, their unique clinical manifestations, and lesion pathology has helped with differential diagnosis and disease pathogenesis knowledge. This review aims to synthesize the genetic approaches that explain the differential susceptibility between these diseases, explore the overlapping clinical features, and pathological findings, discuss existing and emerging hypotheses on the etiology of demyelination, and assess recent pathogenicity studies and their implications for human demyelination. This review presents critical information from previous studies on the disease, which asks several questions to understand the gaps in research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genaro Gabriel Ortiz
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines and Service of Molecular Biology in Medicine Hospital, Civil University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Department of Neurology, High Specialty Medical Unit, Western National Medical Center of the Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara 44329, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Blanca M G Torres-Mendoza
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines and Service of Molecular Biology in Medicine Hospital, Civil University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Neurosciences Division, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Social Security Institute (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Javier Ramírez-Jirano
- Neurosciences Division, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Social Security Institute (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jazmin Marquez-Pedroza
- Neurosciences Division, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Social Security Institute (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Coordination of Academic Activities, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Social Security Institute (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - José J Hernández-Cruz
- Department of Neurology, High Specialty Medical Unit, Western National Medical Center of the Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara 44329, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Mario A Mireles-Ramirez
- Department of Neurology, High Specialty Medical Unit, Western National Medical Center of the Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara 44329, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Erandis D Torres-Sánchez
- Department of Medical and Life Sciences, University Center of la Cienega, University of Guadalajara, Ocotlan 47820, Jalisco, Mexico
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Enz LS, Zeis T, Schmid D, Geier F, van der Meer F, Steiner G, Certa U, Binder TMC, Stadelmann C, Martin R, Schaeren-Wiemers N. Increased HLA-DR expression and cortical demyelination in MS links with HLA-DR15. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2019; 7:7/2/e656. [PMID: 31882398 PMCID: PMC6943368 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate molecular changes in multiple sclerosis (MS) normal-appearing cortical gray matter (NAGM). METHODS We performed a whole-genome gene expression microarray analysis of human brain autopsy tissues from 64 MS NAGM samples and 42 control gray matter samples. We further examined our cases by HLA genotyping and performed immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent analysis of all human brain tissues. RESULTS HLA-DRB1 is the transcript with highest expression in MS NAGM with a bimodal distribution among the examined cases. Genotyping revealed that every case with the MS-associated HLA-DR15 haplotype also shows high HLA-DRB1 expression and also of the tightly linked HLA-DRB5 allele. Quantitative immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the higher expression of HLA-DRB1 in HLA-DRB1*15:01 cases at the protein level. Analysis of gray matter lesion size revealed a significant increase of cortical lesion size in cases with high HLA-DRB1 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that increased HLA-DRB1 and -DRB5 expression in the brain of patients with MS may be an important factor in how the HLA-DR15 haplotype contributes to MS pathomechanisms in the target organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Simon Enz
- From the Neurobiology (L.S.E., T.Z., D.S., N.S.-W.), Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University Basel, Zentrum für Lehre und Forschung, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine (F.G.), Bioinformatics Core Facility, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (F.G.), Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Neuropathology (F.v.d.M., C.S.), University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany; Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED) (G.S., U.C.), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine (T.M.C.B.), Hospital Braunschweig, Germany; and Neuroimmunology and MS Research (R.M.), Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Zeis
- From the Neurobiology (L.S.E., T.Z., D.S., N.S.-W.), Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University Basel, Zentrum für Lehre und Forschung, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine (F.G.), Bioinformatics Core Facility, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (F.G.), Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Neuropathology (F.v.d.M., C.S.), University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany; Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED) (G.S., U.C.), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine (T.M.C.B.), Hospital Braunschweig, Germany; and Neuroimmunology and MS Research (R.M.), Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Schmid
- From the Neurobiology (L.S.E., T.Z., D.S., N.S.-W.), Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University Basel, Zentrum für Lehre und Forschung, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine (F.G.), Bioinformatics Core Facility, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (F.G.), Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Neuropathology (F.v.d.M., C.S.), University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany; Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED) (G.S., U.C.), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine (T.M.C.B.), Hospital Braunschweig, Germany; and Neuroimmunology and MS Research (R.M.), Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Geier
- From the Neurobiology (L.S.E., T.Z., D.S., N.S.-W.), Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University Basel, Zentrum für Lehre und Forschung, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine (F.G.), Bioinformatics Core Facility, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (F.G.), Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Neuropathology (F.v.d.M., C.S.), University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany; Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED) (G.S., U.C.), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine (T.M.C.B.), Hospital Braunschweig, Germany; and Neuroimmunology and MS Research (R.M.), Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franziska van der Meer
- From the Neurobiology (L.S.E., T.Z., D.S., N.S.-W.), Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University Basel, Zentrum für Lehre und Forschung, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine (F.G.), Bioinformatics Core Facility, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (F.G.), Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Neuropathology (F.v.d.M., C.S.), University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany; Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED) (G.S., U.C.), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine (T.M.C.B.), Hospital Braunschweig, Germany; and Neuroimmunology and MS Research (R.M.), Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Guido Steiner
- From the Neurobiology (L.S.E., T.Z., D.S., N.S.-W.), Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University Basel, Zentrum für Lehre und Forschung, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine (F.G.), Bioinformatics Core Facility, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (F.G.), Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Neuropathology (F.v.d.M., C.S.), University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany; Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED) (G.S., U.C.), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine (T.M.C.B.), Hospital Braunschweig, Germany; and Neuroimmunology and MS Research (R.M.), Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Certa
- From the Neurobiology (L.S.E., T.Z., D.S., N.S.-W.), Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University Basel, Zentrum für Lehre und Forschung, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine (F.G.), Bioinformatics Core Facility, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (F.G.), Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Neuropathology (F.v.d.M., C.S.), University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany; Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED) (G.S., U.C.), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine (T.M.C.B.), Hospital Braunschweig, Germany; and Neuroimmunology and MS Research (R.M.), Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Martin Christian Binder
- From the Neurobiology (L.S.E., T.Z., D.S., N.S.-W.), Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University Basel, Zentrum für Lehre und Forschung, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine (F.G.), Bioinformatics Core Facility, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (F.G.), Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Neuropathology (F.v.d.M., C.S.), University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany; Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED) (G.S., U.C.), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine (T.M.C.B.), Hospital Braunschweig, Germany; and Neuroimmunology and MS Research (R.M.), Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christine Stadelmann
- From the Neurobiology (L.S.E., T.Z., D.S., N.S.-W.), Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University Basel, Zentrum für Lehre und Forschung, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine (F.G.), Bioinformatics Core Facility, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (F.G.), Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Neuropathology (F.v.d.M., C.S.), University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany; Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED) (G.S., U.C.), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine (T.M.C.B.), Hospital Braunschweig, Germany; and Neuroimmunology and MS Research (R.M.), Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland Martin
- From the Neurobiology (L.S.E., T.Z., D.S., N.S.-W.), Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University Basel, Zentrum für Lehre und Forschung, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine (F.G.), Bioinformatics Core Facility, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (F.G.), Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Neuropathology (F.v.d.M., C.S.), University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany; Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED) (G.S., U.C.), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine (T.M.C.B.), Hospital Braunschweig, Germany; and Neuroimmunology and MS Research (R.M.), Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Schaeren-Wiemers
- From the Neurobiology (L.S.E., T.Z., D.S., N.S.-W.), Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University Basel, Zentrum für Lehre und Forschung, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine (F.G.), Bioinformatics Core Facility, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (F.G.), Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Neuropathology (F.v.d.M., C.S.), University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany; Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED) (G.S., U.C.), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine (T.M.C.B.), Hospital Braunschweig, Germany; and Neuroimmunology and MS Research (R.M.), Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Switzerland.
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Elong Ngono A, Pettré S, Salou M, Bahbouhi B, Soulillou JP, Brouard S, Laplaud DA. Frequency of circulating autoreactive T cells committed to myelin determinants in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis patients. Clin Immunol 2012; 144:117-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Fernandes de Abreu DA, Babron MC, Babron MCI, Rebeix I, Rebeix C, Fontenille C, Fontenille J, Yaouanq J, Yaouanq D, Brassat D, Brassat B, Fontaine B, Fontaine F, Clerget-Darpoux F, Jehan F, Feron F. Season of birth and not vitamin D receptor promoter polymorphisms is a risk factor for multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2009; 15:1146-52. [PMID: 19965563 DOI: 10.1177/1352458509106780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to multiple sclerosis, the most common neurodegenerative disorder with onset in young adults. The objective of the current study is, based on the hypothesis that environmentally predisposed individuals are at risk for multiple sclerosis, to investigate whether they also carry genetic variants within the vitamin D machinery. Using medical files and DNA samples from 583 trios (a patient and both parents) of the French Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Group as well as data from the French Statistics Bureau, we aimed to assess whether: (1) a seasonality of birth was observed in French multiple sclerosis patients; (2) three single nucleotide polymorphisms within the promoter region of the vitamin D receptor were associated with multiple sclerosis susceptibility; and (3) the combination of a high risk month of birth and vitamin D receptor polymorphisms were correlated to multiple sclerosis incidence. We observed a significantly reduced number of individuals born in November who were later diagnosed as multiple sclerosis patients. However, we found no association between the three studied vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and multiple sclerosis. In conclusion, our data suggest that high levels of vitamin D during the third trimester of pregnancy could be a protective factor for multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Fernandes de Abreu
- Neurobiologie des Interactions Cellulaires et Neurophysiopathologie (NICN), CNRS UMR 6184, IFR Jean Roche, Faculté de Médecine Nord, Marseille, France
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a debilitating neuroimmunological and neurodegenerative disease affecting more than 400,000 individuals in the United States. Population and family-based studies have suggested that there is a strong genetic component. Numerous genomic linkage screens have identified regions of interest for MS loci. Our own second-generation genome-wide linkage study identified a handful of non-MHC regions with suggestive linkage. Several of these regions were further examined using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with average spacing between SNPs of approximately 1.0 Mb in a dataset of 173 multiplex families. The results of that study provided further evidence for the involvement of the chromosome 1q43 region. This region is of particular interest given linkage evidence in studies of other autoimmune and inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. In this follow-up study, we saturated the region with ~700 SNPs (average spacing of 10kb per SNP) in search of disease associated variation within this region. We found preliminary evidence to suggest that common variation within the RGS7 locus may be involved in disease susceptibility.
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HLA class II alleles in patients with multiple sclerosis in the Biscay province (Basque Country, Spain). J Neurol 2009; 256:1977-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-009-5223-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2009] [Revised: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Frausto RF, Crocker SJ, Eam B, Whitmire JK, Whitton JL. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide-induced experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and T cell responses are unaffected by immunoproteasome deficiency. J Neuroimmunol 2007; 192:124-33. [PMID: 17964666 PMCID: PMC2175388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2007] [Revised: 09/21/2007] [Accepted: 09/21/2007] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The inoculation of MOG peptides into C57BL/6 mice induces CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, and recent work has shown that adoptive transfer of the latter population, after extensive in vitro stimulation, can cause EAE in naïve recipient mice. Herein, we have evaluated the incidence and severity of EAE, and the induction of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, following MOG peptide inoculation of wt mice and of LMP-2KO mice that lack an intact immunoproteasome, a cytoplasmic organelle that is induced by chronic inflammation and that may be important for the presentation of MHC class I epitopes to CD8(+) T cells. We report that EAE, evaluated by both clinical and histological criteria, is similar in LMP-2KO mice and wildtype C57B/6 mice (wt) in response to immunization with MOG peptides MOG(35-55) and MOG(40-54), suggesting that the immunoproteasome does not play a key role in the development of demyelinating disease. Furthermore, and consistent with previous reports, peptide-specific CD8(+) T cells were barely detectable in the CNS of peptide-immunized mice, although peptide-specific CD4(+) T cells were abundant. Therefore, we used a new technique to look for autoreactive CD8(+) T cells in MOG peptide-immunized mice, and we report the identification of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells that, as late as 19 days after peptide injection, are actively producing IFNgamma in vivo, in response to in vivo antigen contact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - J L. Whitton
- *Corresponding author Molecular and Integrative Neurosciences Dept., SP30-2110, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA, Tel: 858-784-7090, FAX: 858-784-7380,
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a multifactorial disorder caused by the interaction of environmental factors with a genetic predisposition. BACKGROUND The chromosomal region comprising MHC contains one or several genes which contributes from 20 to 50 p. 100 to MS genetic predisposition. Other genes are unknown but are likely to have an individual contribution less than MHC. PERSPECTIVES AND CONCLUSION Large DNA collections, high output genotyping facilities, a precise knowledge of the human genome and adequate statistical methods should allow the identification of MS predisposition genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fontaine
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS 546 and UMRS 535, Paris and Villejuif, France.
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Schmidt H, Williamson D, Ashley-Koch A. HLA-DR15 haplotype and multiple sclerosis: a HuGE review. Am J Epidemiol 2007; 165:1097-109. [PMID: 17329717 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwk118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
An association between multiple sclerosis (MS) and the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex, a dense cluster of genes on the short arm of chromosome 6, was first noted over 30 years ago. In Caucasian populations of Northern European descent, the DR15 haplotype (DRB1*1501-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0602) has been hypothesized to be the primary HLA genetic susceptibility factor for MS. However, studies of other populations have produced varying results. Thus, the authors reviewed the literature for articles on the association between the DR15 haplotype and MS. They identified 72 papers meeting the inclusion criteria: human genetic studies written in English that were published between 1993 and 2004 and that reported allele frequencies for HLA-DRB1*1501, HLA-DQA1*0102, or HLA-DQB1*0602 or the frequency of the DRB1*1501-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0602 haplotype. Most of the studies identified used a case-control design (n = 60), while the remainder used a family-based design (n = 22). In most of these papers, investigators reported a higher frequency of the DR15 haplotype and/or its component alleles among MS cases than among controls. However, the authors' confidence in these results is tempered by factors related to study design that may have biased the outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hollie Schmidt
- Accelerated Cure Project for Multiple Sclerosis, Waltham, MA 02451, USA.
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Malferrari G, Stella A, Monferini E, Saltini G, Proverbio MC, Grimaldi LM, Rossi-Bernardi L, Biunno I. Ctla4 and multiple sclerosis in the Italian population. Exp Mol Pathol 2005; 78:55-7. [PMID: 15596061 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2004.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
CTLA4 protein is a receptor molecule that plays a critical role as a negative regulator of the immune response. Therefore, genetic variations in CTLA4 may confer susceptibility to autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). In order to investigate the association of two CTLA4 polymorphisms (+49 A/G and -318 C/T) with multiple sclerosis, sporadic MS patients and healthy controls from Italy were genotyped through direct DNA sequencing. Considering single-loci variations, no differences in the allelic and genotypic frequencies between patients and controls were found. However, considering a putative interaction at the two loci, the T/G combination was more frequently observed in patients than in controls. This result suggests that this allelic combination of the CTLA4 polymorphisms may be involved in the susceptibility to MS in the Italian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Malferrari
- Centre for Bio-Molecular Interdisciplinary Studies and Industrial Applications, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Kenealy SJ, Babron MC, Bradford Y, Schnetz-Boutaud N, Haines JL, Rimmler JB, Schmidt S, Pericak-Vance MA, Barcellos LF, Lincoln RR, Oksenberg JR, Hauser SL, Clanet M, Brassat D, Edan G, Yaouanq J, Semana G, Cournu-Rebeix I, Lyon-Caen O, Fontaine B. A second-generation genomic screen for multiple sclerosis. Am J Hum Genet 2004; 75:1070-8. [PMID: 15494893 PMCID: PMC1182142 DOI: 10.1086/426459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2004] [Accepted: 10/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating neuroimmunological and neurodegenerative disorder. Despite substantial evidence for polygenic inheritance of the disease, the major histocompatibility complex is the only region that clearly and consistently demonstrates linkage and association in MS studies. The goal of this study was to identify additional chromosomal regions that harbor susceptibility genes for MS. With a panel of 390 microsatellite markers genotyped in 245 U.S. and French multiplex families (456 affected relative pairs), this is the largest genomic screen for MS conducted to date. Four regions met both of our primary criteria for further interest (heterogeneity LOD [HLOD] and Z scores >2.0): 1q (HLOD=2.17; Z=3.38), 6p (HLOD=4.21; Z=2.26), 9q (HLOD; Z=2.71), and 16p (HLOD=2.64; Z=2.05). Two additional regions met only the Z score criterion: 3q (Z=2.39) and 5q (Z=2.17). Further examination of the data by country (United States vs. France) identified one additional region demonstrating suggestive linkage in the U.S. subset (18p [HLOD=2.39]) and two additional regions generating suggestive linkage in the French subset (1p [HLOD=2.08] and 22q [HLOD=2.06]). Examination of the data by human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR2 stratification identified four additional regions demonstrating suggestive linkage: 2q (HLOD=3.09 in the U.S. DR2- families), 6q (HLOD=3.10 in the French DR2- families), 13q (HLOD=2.32 in all DR2+ families and HLOD=2.17 in the U.S. DR2+ families), and 16q (HLOD=2.32 in all DR2+ families and HLOD=2.13 in the U.S. DR2+ families). These data suggest several regions that warrant further investigation in the search for MS susceptibility genes.
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MESH Headings
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6/genetics
- France
- Gene Frequency
- Genetic Testing/methods
- Genome, Human
- HLA-DR2 Antigen/genetics
- Humans
- Lod Score
- Microsatellite Repeats/genetics
- Models, Genetic
- Multiple Sclerosis/genetics
- United States
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Kenealy
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-0700, USA
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Coppin H, Ribouchon MT, Fontaine B, Edan G, Clanet M, Roth MP. A vulnerability locus to multiple sclerosis maps to 7p15 in a region syntenic to an EAE locus in the rat. Genes Immun 2004; 5:72-5. [PMID: 14735153 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Evidence from family studies indicates a strong genetic component. Despite many studies of candidate genes, only an association with the HLA-DRB1*1501-DQB1*0602 haplotype has been generally detected, and HLA linkage established by transmission disequilibrium testing. A genome-wide scan revealed suggestive linkage of MS with markers on chromosome 7p15 in HLA-DR15-nonsharing British families, in a region syntenic to a locus predisposing to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the rat. We therefore tested the 7p15 region as a candidate region for genetic susceptibility to MS in 104 French families with at least two affected siblings. We found evidence suggestive of a predisposing locus in families in which only one affected sibling or none of them carry the HLA-DR15 allele. Comparison of the results of the British and French groups suggests that the region of interest can be narrowed to a 2.45-cM interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Coppin
- Unité de Physiopathologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Toulouse, France
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Pericak-Vance MA, Rimmler JB, Haines JL, Garcia ME, Oksenberg JR, Barcellos LF, Lincoln R, Hauser SL, Cournu-Rebeix I, Azoulay-Cayla A, Lyon-Caen O, Fontaine B, Duhamel E, Coppin H, Brassat D, Roth MP, Clanet M, Alizadeh M, Yaouanq J, Quelvennec E, Semana G, Edan G, Babron MC, Genin E, Clerget-Darpoux F. Investigation of seven proposed regions of linkage in multiple sclerosis: an American and French collaborative study. Neurogenetics 2003; 5:45-8. [PMID: 14595552 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-003-0163-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2003] [Accepted: 09/05/2003] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating autoimmune disease with a strong yet complex genetic component. To date only the HLA-DR locus, and specifically the HLA-DR15 allele, has been identified and confirmed as influencing the risk of developing MS. Genomic screens on several datasets have been performed and have identified several chromosomal regions with interesting results, but none have yet been confirmed. We tested seven of the most-promising regions (on chromosomes 1p, 2p, 3p, 3q, 5q, 19q, and Xp) identified from several genomic screens in a dataset of 98 multiplex MS families from the United States and 90 multiplex MS families from France. The results did not confirm linkage to 2p, 3q, 5q, or Xp in the overall dataset, or in subsets defined by geographic origin or HLA-DR15 status. Regions on 1p34, 3p14, and 19q13 produced lod scores >0.90 in at least one subset of the data, suggesting that these regions should be examined in more detail.
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14
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Cournu-Rebeix I, Génin E, Lesca G, Azoulay-Cayla A, Tubridy N, Noé E, Clanet M, Edan G, Clerget-Darpoux F, Sémana G, Fontaine B. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1: a protective haplotype against multiple sclerosis. Genes Immun 2003; 4:518-23. [PMID: 14551606 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and its receptors are adhesion molecules that play a key role in the transmigration of inflammatory cells through the blood-brain barrier, one of the earliest events in multiple sclerosis (MS), which leads to demyelination in the central nervous system. To investigate the role of genes encoding ICAM-1 and its receptors, we used a strategy of genetic linkage and association in 439 case-parent MS families of French origin, well characterized according to HLA status and severity. We demonstrate that the genes encoding ICAM-1 receptors do not influence MS susceptibility or severity. ICAM-1 had a modest, but significant effect on MS genetic susceptibility, independent of HLA and disease severity. We observed a rare, and an as yet unreported, ICAM-1 gene haplotype defined by amino acids K469 and R241 that was never transmitted to patients suggesting a protective effect against MS in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Cournu-Rebeix
- Laboratoire des affections de la myéline et des canaux ioniques musculaires-INSERM U546, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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15
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Alizadeh M, Génin E, Babron MC, Birebent B, Cournu-Rebeix I, Yaouanq J, Dréano S, Sawcer S, Compston A, Clanet M, Edan G, Fontaine B, Clerget-Darpoux F, Semana G. Genetic analysis of multiple sclerosis in Europeans: French data. J Neuroimmunol 2003; 143:74-8. [PMID: 14575918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2003.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the results of a genome-wide screen for linkage disequilibrium (LD) in multiple sclerosis (MS) performed on 200 cases, 200 controls and 200 case-parent trios from France employing pooled DNA methodology. A total of 3510 microsatellite markers supplied through the GAMES collaborative were analysed and ranked according to their evidence for association. The most promising 117 markers were then followed up in a two-step validation process. In the first step, additional PCR of the DNA pools was performed in order to refine the ranking order. In the second step, markers were genotyped in individual cases and parents from the trio families. Seven markers showing nominally significant allele frequency differences between affected and unaffected emerged-D6S265, D12S1064, TNFa, D7S1824, D14S1426, D14S605 and D21S2051. These potential associations will require confirmation in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Alizadeh
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, UPRES EA 1257 (IFR97), Faculté de Médecine, 2 Avenue du Pr Léon Bernard CS 34317, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France
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16
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Alizadeh M, Babron MC, Birebent B, Matsuda F, Quelvennec E, Liblau R, Cournu-Rebeix I, Momigliano-Richiardi P, Sequeiros J, Yaouanq J, Genin E, Vasilescu A, Bougerie H, Trojano M, Martins Silva B, Maciel P, Clerget-Darpoux F, Clanet M, Edan G, Fontaine B, Semana G. Genetic interaction of CTLA-4 with HLA-DR15 in multiple sclerosis patients. Ann Neurol 2003; 54:119-22. [PMID: 12838528 DOI: 10.1002/ana.10617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system with a genetic component. Until now, the more consistent association with the disease is found with the major histocompatibility complex, especially HLA-DRB1*1501-DQB1*0602 haplotype. In this report, we demonstrate the interaction of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4 [CD152]) gene with DRB1*15 haplotype in multiple sclerosis genetic susceptibility. Our data were obtained from two European independent family-based studies including 610 multiple sclerosis family trios. Ann Neurol 2003;54:119-122
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Alizadeh
- Laboratoire Universitaire d'Immunologie (UPRES EA 1257, IFR 97) and Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
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17
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Quelvennec E, Bera O, Cabre P, Alizadeh M, Smadja D, Jugde F, Edan G, Semana G. Genetic and functional studies in multiple sclerosis patients from Martinique attest for a specific and direct role of the HLA-DR locus in the syndrome. TISSUE ANTIGENS 2003; 61:166-71. [PMID: 12694585 DOI: 10.1046/j.0001-2815.2002.00008.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Among candidate genes involved in multiple sclerosis (MS) genetic susceptibility, MHC genes and particularly HLA-DRB1*1501-DQB1*0602 haplotype play a major role. Based on the strong linkage disequilibrium observed in Caucasians between DRB1*1501 and DQB1*0602 alleles, it is still impossible to draw a firm conclusion about the DRB1 or DQB1 locus involvement. In order to address this issue a strategy associating a genetic and a functional approach was conducted in a population of-non-Caucasian MS patients. We observed that in Martinicans (55 MS and 100 controls), the DRB1*15 and DRB1*07 alleles were positively associated with the disease. However in Martinicans the most common DRB1*15 subtype was *1503 and not *1501. Moreover, in Martinicans, the frequency of DQB1*0602, found in association with other DRB1 alleles than DRB1*15 (42% of DQB1*0602 haplotypes), was not increased in DRB1*15-negative MS patients, suggesting a neutral role of DQB1*0602 in MS genetics. In a second step, we demonstrated the capability of the DRB1*1503 allele associated with MS in Martinicans to present the immunodominant autoantigen MBP 85-99 peptide to a DRB1*1501 restricted MBP specific T cell line. Interestingly, structural features of DRB1*1501 or DRB1*1503 molecules are in good fit with the hypothesis that *1501 and *1503 molecules may act similarly in MS development by presenting the same immunodominant MBP peptide. On the whole, our results show a prominent role of the DRB1 locus (DRB1*1501 and/or DRB1*1503 alleles) in the immunodominant MBP 85-99 peptide presentation to genetically different MS patients and suggest a neutral role of the DQB1 encoded molecule in MS susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Quelvennec
- Laboratoire Universitaire d'Immunologie (UPRES EA 1257 - IFR 97), Université de, Rennes 1 and Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne Rennes, France
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18
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Bera O, Cesaire R, Quelvennec E, Quillivic F, de Chavigny V, Ribal C, Semana G. HLA class I and class II allele and haplotype diversity in Martinicans. TISSUE ANTIGENS 2001; 57:200-7. [PMID: 11285127 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2001.057003200.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Martinican population is mainly the product of admixture between African people and French Caucasians. The aim of the present study is to investigate at the DNA level the polymorphism of HLA class I (HLA-A, HLA-B) and class II (HLA-DRB1, DQB1 and DPB1) genes in a population of 100 Martinicans. Allelic distributions and interlocus linkage disequilibria were compared to those observed in a French Caucasian population and in African or North American African populations. Our data revealed a higher degree of polymorphism in Martinicans than in Caucasians and showed a prominant contribution of African origin in the admixed genetic feature of this population. African characteristic alleles were significantly represented in Martinicans: A*30, *33 *34, *66, *74, *8001, B*1510, *35, *42, *53, DRB1*0302, *0804, *1202, *1304, *1503, DPB1*0101, *1701, *1801, *3901. Moreover a higher diversity of A*-B* and DRB1*-DQB1* associations was observed in Martinicans compared to Caucasians which also reflects the African genetic background of this population. In the whole, using PCR-based genotyping methods for HLA class I and class II loci, this study allows a preliminary description of HLA allele distribution in this Caribbean island and gives new elements which may be helpful in the anthropologic field as well as in HLA and disease association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Bera
- Laboratoire de Virologie-Immunologie, CHU de Fort de France, Martinique
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19
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Sellebjerg F, Jensen J, Madsen HO, Svejgaard A. HLA DRB1*1501 and intrathecal inflammation in multiple sclerosis. TISSUE ANTIGENS 2000; 55:312-8. [PMID: 10852382 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2000.550404.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
CD4 T cells are considered to be pivotal in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), and the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotype associated with DRB1*1501 confers susceptibility to MS in patients of Northern European descent. Some previous studies have suggested an association of DRB1*1501 with T- and B-cell reactivity to specific myelin protein peptides, other studies suggested an association with enhanced cytokine production or intrathecal immunoglobulin (Ig) synthesis. In order to further assess the role of DRB1*1501 in the pathogenesis of MS, we studied intrathecal inflammation and T-cell phenotypes in patients with possible onset symptoms or clinically definite MS. Presence of DRB1*1501 was associated with higher levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammation as assessed by IgG synthesis levels and higher levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity. DRB1*1501-positive patients also had a lower percentage of T cells in CSF expressing HLA-DR without co-expressing CD25. These findings suggest that enhanced intrathecal inflammation and an altered T-cell activation status may be of importance in conferring the DRB1*1501-associated susceptibility to MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sellebjerg
- Department of Neurology, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup Hospital, Denmark.
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21
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Reboul J, Mertens C, Levillayer F, Eichenbaum-Voline S, Vilkoren T, Cournu I, Babron MC, Lyon-Caen O, Clerget-Darpoux F, Edan G, Clanet M, Brahic M, Bureau JF, Fontaine B, Liblau R. Cytokines in genetic susceptibility to multiple sclerosis: a candidate gene approach. French Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Group. J Neuroimmunol 2000; 102:107-12. [PMID: 10626674 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(99)00158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The immune system is involved in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) but the initiating antigen(s) is not yet identified. Since cytokines control both the intensity and the quality of the immune response they may be relevant candidates for the genetic susceptibility to MS. To analyze the contribution of type 1 and type 2 cytokine and cytokine receptor genes in the genetic susceptibility to MS, we have examined, in 116 French MS sibpairs, whether there is significant linkage between MS and 15 cytokine or cytokine receptor genes using 31 highly polymorphic genetic markers. The data were analyzed using the maximum likelihood score and the transmission disequilibrium approaches. None of the candidate genes tested was significantly linked to MS on the whole population. However, after stratification of the analysis on the basis of sharing (or not) of the HLA-DRB1*1501 allele, indication of linkage was found for the IL2-RB gene. These findings suggest that the IL2-RB locus contributes to the genetic susceptibility in a subgroup of MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Reboul
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie Cellulaire, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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22
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Wallström E, Khademi M, Andersson M, Weissert R, Linington C, Olsson T. Increased reactivity to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptides and epitope mapping in HLA DR2(15)+ multiple sclerosis. Eur J Immunol 1998; 28:3329-35. [PMID: 9808202 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4141(199810)28:10<3329::aid-immu3329>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system-specific inflammatory and demyelinating disease where a myelin-directed autoimmune response is thought to be pathogenetically relevant. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is a surface-exposed minor myelin component that is a prime candidate autoantigen. We have investigated peripheral blood lymphocyte responses to synthetic 15-26 amino acids long overlapping MOG peptides in 20 MS patients and 14 healthy controls with the MS-associated HLA haplotype DR2(15). There were significantly increased responses, in terms of numbers of cells secreting IFN-gamma detected by Elispot in response to several MOG-derived peptides in the MS patients, but not the healthy controls. MOG peptide 63-87 evoked the strongest response, and the stimulatory property of this peptide was confirmed in additional DR2(15)+ MS patients where a peptide concentration-dependent proliferative response, which was inhibited by the addition of anti-HLA class II antibodies, was observed. This is the first work detailing putative immunodominant T cell epitopes of MOG in DR2(15)+ MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Wallström
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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