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Kwiatkowski M, Zhang J, Zhou W, Gehring C, Wong A. Cyclic nucleotides - the rise of a family. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:915-924. [PMID: 38480090 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotides 3',5'-cAMP and 3',5'-cGMP are now established signaling components of the plant cell while their 2',3' positional isomers are increasingly recognized as such. 3',5'-cAMP/cGMP is generated by adenylate cyclases (ACs) or guanylate cyclases (GCs) from ATP or GTP, respectively, whereas 2',3'-cAMP/cGMP is produced through the hydrolysis of double-stranded DNA or RNA by synthetases. Recent evidence suggests that the cyclic nucleotide generating and inactivating enzymes moonlight in proteins with diverse domain architecture operating as molecular tuners to enable dynamic and compartmentalized regulation of cellular signals. Further characterization of such moonlighting enzymes and extending the studies to noncanonical cyclic nucleotides promises new insights into the complex regulatory networks that underlie plant development and responses, thus offering exciting opportunities for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kwiatkowski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska St. 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Jinwen Zhang
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Mathematics, and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou 325060, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Mathematics, and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou 325060, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chris Gehring
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia 06121, Italy.
| | - Aloysius Wong
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Mathematics, and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou 325060, Zhejiang Province, China; Wenzhou Municipal Key Lab for Applied Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Informatics, Ouhai, Wenzhou 325060, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Center, Ouhai, Wenzhou 325060, Zhejiang Province, China.
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2
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Blatt MR. A charged existence: A century of transmembrane ion transport in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:79-110. [PMID: 38163639 PMCID: PMC11060664 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
If the past century marked the birth of membrane transport as a focus for research in plants, the past 50 years has seen the field mature from arcane interest to a central pillar of plant physiology. Ion transport across plant membranes accounts for roughly 30% of the metabolic energy consumed by a plant cell, and it underpins virtually every aspect of plant biology, from mineral nutrition, cell expansion, and development to auxin polarity, fertilization, plant pathogen defense, and senescence. The means to quantify ion flux through individual transporters, even single channel proteins, became widely available as voltage clamp methods expanded from giant algal cells to the fungus Neurospora crassa in the 1970s and the cells of angiosperms in the 1980s. Here, I touch briefly on some key aspects of the development of modern electrophysiology with a focus on the guard cells of stomata, now without dispute the premier plant cell model for ion transport and its regulation. Guard cells have proven to be a crucible for many technical and conceptual developments that have since emerged into the mainstream of plant science. Their study continues to provide fundamental insights and carries much importance for the global challenges that face us today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Blatt
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Bower Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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3
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Wagner T, Bangoura B, Wiedmer S, Daugschies A, Dunay IR. Phytohormones regulate asexual Toxoplasma gondii replication. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:2835-2846. [PMID: 37725257 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07968-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The protozoan Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a zoonotic disease agent causing systemic infection in warm-blooded intermediate hosts including humans. During the acute infection, the parasite infects host cells and multiplies intracellularly in the asexual tachyzoite stage. In this stage of the life cycle, invasion, multiplication, and egress are the most critical events in parasite replication. T. gondii features diverse cell organelles to support these processes, including the apicoplast, an endosymbiont-derived vestigial plastid originating from an alga ancestor. Previous studies have highlighted that phytohormones can modify the calcium-mediated secretion, e.g., of adhesins involved in parasite movement and cell invasion processes. The present study aimed to elucidate the influence of different plant hormones on the replication of asexual tachyzoites in a human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) host cell culture. T. gondii replication was measured by the determination of T. gondii DNA copies via qPCR. Three selected phytohormones, namely abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GIBB), and kinetin (KIN) as representatives of different plant hormone groups were tested. Moreover, the influence of typical cell culture media components on the phytohormone effects was assessed. Our results indicate that ABA is able to induce a significant increase of T. gondii DNA copies in a typical supplemented cell culture medium when applied in concentrations of 20 ng/μl or 2 ng/μl, respectively. In contrast, depending on the culture medium composition, GIBB may potentially serve as T. gondii growth inhibitor and may be further investigated as a potential treatment for toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Wagner
- Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Berit Bangoura
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82070, USA.
| | - Stefanie Wiedmer
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Arwid Daugschies
- Institute of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ildiko Rita Dunay
- Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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4
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Le QT, Truong HA, Nguyen DT, Yang S, Xiong L, Lee H. Enhanced growth performance of abi5 plants under high salt and nitrate is associated with reduced nitric oxide levels. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 286:154000. [PMID: 37207503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Numerous environmental stresses have a significant impact on plant growth and development. By 2050, it is anticipated that high salinity will destroy more than fifty percent of the world's agricultural land. Understanding how plants react to the excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers and salt stress is crucial for enhancing crop yield. However, the effect of excessive nitrate treatment on plant development is disputed and poorly understood; so, we evaluated the effect of excessive nitrate supply and high salinity on abi5 plant growth performance. We demonstrated that abi5 plants are tolerant to the harmful environmental conditions of excessive nitrate and salt. abi5 plants have lower amounts of endogenous nitric oxide than Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia-0 plants due to their decreased nitrate reductase activity, caused by a decrease in the transcript level of NIA2, a gene encoding nitrate reductase. Nitric oxide appeared to have a critical role in reducing the salt stress tolerance of plants, which was diminished by an excess of nitrate. Discovering regulators such as ABI5 that can modulate nitrate reductase activity and comprehending the molecular activities of these regulators are crucial for the application of gene-editing techniques. This would result in the appropriate buildup of nitric oxide to increase the production of crops subjected to a variety of environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Tri Le
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Hai An Truong
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinh Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonyoung Yang
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Liming Xiong
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tang, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hojoung Lee
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea.
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Legumes Regulate Symbiosis with Rhizobia via Their Innate Immune System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032800. [PMID: 36769110 PMCID: PMC9917363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant roots are constantly exposed to a diverse microbiota of pathogens and mutualistic partners. The host's immune system is an essential component for its survival, enabling it to monitor nearby microbes for potential threats and respond with a defence response when required. Current research suggests that the plant immune system has also been employed in the legume-rhizobia symbiosis as a means of monitoring different rhizobia strains and that successful rhizobia have evolved to overcome this system to infect the roots and initiate nodulation. With clear implications for host-specificity, the immune system has the potential to be an important target for engineering versatile crops for effective nodulation in the field. However, current knowledge of the interacting components governing this pathway is limited, and further research is required to build on what is currently known to improve our understanding. This review provides a general overview of the plant immune system's role in nodulation. With a focus on the cycles of microbe-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (MTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI), we highlight key molecular players and recent findings while addressing the current knowledge gaps in this area.
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Andy D, Gunaratne GS, Marchant JS, Walseth TF, Slama JT. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel photo-clickable adenosine and cyclic ADP-ribose analogs: 8-N 3-2'-O-propargyladenosine and 8-N 3-2'-O-propargyl-cADPR. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 76:117099. [PMID: 36446271 PMCID: PMC9842072 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.117099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A photo-clickable analog of adenosine was devised and synthesized in which the photoactive functional group (8-azidoadenosine) and the click moiety (2'-O-propargyl-ether) were compactly combined within the structure of the adenosine nucleoside itself. We synthesized 8-N3-2'-O-propargyl adenosine in four steps starting from adenosine. This photo-clickable adenosine was 5'-phosphorylated and coupled to nicotinamide mononucleotide to form the NAD analog 8-N3-2'-O-propargyl-NAD. This NAD analog was recognized by Aplysia californica ADP-ribosyl cyclase and enzymatically cyclized producing 8-N3-2'-O-propargyl cyclic ADP-ribose. Photo-clickable cyclic-ADP-ribose analog was envisioned as a probe to label cyclic ADP-ribose binding proteins. The monofunctional 8-N3-cADPR has previously been shown to be an antagonist of cADPR-induced calcium release [T.F. Walseth et. al., J. Biol. Chem (1993) 268, 26686-26691]. 2'-O-propargyl-cADPR was recognized as an agonist which elicited Ca2+ release when added at low concentration to sea urchin egg homogenates. The bifunctional 8-N3-2'-O-propargyl cyclic ADP-ribose did not elicit Ca2+ release at low concentration or impact cyclic ADP-ribose mediated Ca2+ release either when added to sea urchin egg homogenates or when microinjected into cultured human U2OS cells. The photo-clickable adenosine will none-the-less be a useful scaffold for synthesizing photo-clickable probes for identifying proteins that interact with a variety of adenosine nucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Andy
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Gihan S Gunaratne
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 312 Church St, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0217, USA
| | - Jonathan S Marchant
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226-0509, USA
| | - Timothy F Walseth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 312 Church St, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0217, USA
| | - James T Slama
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
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7
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Eastman S, Bayless A, Guo M. The Nucleotide Revolution: Immunity at the Intersection of Toll/Interleukin-1 Receptor Domains, Nucleotides, and Ca 2. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2022; 35:964-976. [PMID: 35881867 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-06-22-0132-cr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of the enzymatic activity of the toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain protein SARM1 five years ago preceded a flood of discoveries regarding the nucleotide substrates and products of TIR domains in plants, animals, bacteria, and archaea. These discoveries into the activity of TIR domains coincide with major advances in understanding the structure and mechanisms of NOD-like receptors and the mutual dependence of pattern recognition receptor- and effector-triggered immunity (PTI and ETI, respectively) in plants. It is quickly becoming clear that TIR domains and TIR-produced nucleotides are ancestral signaling molecules that modulate immunity and that their activity is closely associated with Ca2+ signaling. TIR domain research now bridges the separate disciplines of molecular plant- and animal-microbe interactions, neurology, and prokaryotic immunity. A cohesive framework for understanding the role of enzymatic TIR domains in diverse organisms will help unite the research of these disparate fields. Here, we review known products of TIR domains in plants, animals, bacteria, and archaea and use context gained from animal and prokaryotic TIR domain systems to present a model for TIR domains, nucleotides, and Ca2+ at the intersection of PTI and ETI in plant immunity. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Eastman
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, U.S.A
| | - Adam Bayless
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, U.S.A
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Agriculture and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, U.S.A
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8
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CD38–Cyclic ADP-Ribose Signal System in Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084306. [PMID: 35457121 PMCID: PMC9033130 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is a ubiquitous and fundamental signaling component that is utilized by cells to regulate a diverse range of cellular functions, such as insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells of the islets of Langerhans. Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), synthesized from NAD+ by ADP-ribosyl cyclase family proteins, such as the mammalian cluster of differentiation 38 (CD38), is important for intracellular Ca2+ mobilization for cell functioning. cADPR induces Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum via the ryanodine receptor intracellular Ca2+ channel complex, in which the FK506-binding protein 12.6 works as a cADPR-binding regulatory protein. Recently, involvements of the CD38-cADPR signal system in several human diseases and animal models have been reported. This review describes the biochemical and molecular biological basis of the CD38-cADPR signal system and the diseases caused by its abnormalities.
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9
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Zhang X, Dong X. Life-or-death decisions in plant immunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2022; 75:102169. [PMID: 35168119 PMCID: PMC9081146 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2022.102169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Upon pathogen challenge, plant cells can mount defense not only by triggering programmed cell death (PCD) to limit pathogen growth, but also by secreting immune signals to activate subsequent organism-scale defense responses. Recent advances in the study of plant immune mechanisms have found that pathogen-induced oligomerization of immune receptors is a common 'on' switch for the normally self-inhibitory proteins. The resulting 'resistosome' triggers PCD through the formation of a calcium channel or a NADase. Synergy between different receptor-mediated signaling pathways appears to be required for sustained immune induction to trigger PCD of infected cells. In the neighboring cells, PCD is inhibited through the production of immune signal salicylic acid (SA) which mediates degradation of PCD-inducing immune components in biomolecular condensates. Future work is required to connect the resistosome-mediated channel formation and the NADase activity to the downstream regulation of immune execution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Xinnian Dong
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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Zhuang J, Xie L, Zheng L. A Glimpse of Programmed Cell Death Among Bacteria, Animals, and Plants. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:790117. [PMID: 35223864 PMCID: PMC8866957 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.790117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) in animals mainly refers to lytic and non-lytic forms. Disruption and integrity of the plasma membrane are considered as hallmarks of lytic and apoptotic cell death, respectively. These lytic cell death programs can prevent the hosts from microbial pathogens. The key to our understanding of these cases is pattern recognition receptors, such as TLRs in animals and LRR-RLKs in plants, and nod-like receptors (NLRs). Herein, we emphatically discuss the biochemical and structural studies that have clarified the anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic functions of Bcl-2 family proteins during intrinsic apoptosis and how caspase-8 among apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis sets the switchable threshold and integrates innate immune signaling, and that have compared the similarity and distinctness of the apoptosome, necroptosome, and inflammasome. We recapitulate that the necroptotic MLKL pore, pyroptotic gasdermin pore, HR-inducing resistosome, and mitochondrial Bcl-2 family all can form ion channels, which all directly boost membrane disruption. Comparing the conservation and unique aspects of PCD including ferrroptosis among bacteria, animals, and plants, the commonly shared immune domains including TIR-like, gasdermin-like, caspase-like, and MLKL/CC-like domains act as arsenal modules to restructure the diverse architecture to commit PCD suicide upon stresses/stimuli for host community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Zhuang,
| | - Li Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Luping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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11
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Eastman S, Smith T, Zaydman MA, Kim P, Martinez S, Damaraju N, DiAntonio A, Milbrandt J, Clemente TE, Alfano JR, Guo M. A phytobacterial TIR domain effector manipulates NAD + to promote virulence. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:890-904. [PMID: 34657283 PMCID: PMC9298051 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 type III effector HopAM1 suppresses plant immunity and contains a Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain homologous to immunity-related TIR domains of plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors that hydrolyze nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) and activate immunity. In vitro and in vivo assays were conducted to determine if HopAM1 hydrolyzes NAD+ and if the activity is essential for HopAM1's suppression of plant immunity and contribution to virulence. HPLC and LC-MS were utilized to analyze metabolites produced from NAD+ by HopAM1 in vitro and in both yeast and plants. Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression and in planta inoculation assays were performed to determine HopAM1's intrinsic enzymatic activity and virulence contribution. HopAM1 is catalytically active and hydrolyzes NAD+ to produce nicotinamide and a novel cADPR variant (v2-cADPR). Expression of HopAM1 triggers cell death in yeast and plants dependent on the putative catalytic residue glutamic acid 191 (E191) within the TIR domain. Furthermore, HopAM1's E191 residue is required to suppress both pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity and promote P. syringae virulence. HopAM1 manipulates endogenous NAD+ to produce v2-cADPR and promote pathogenesis. This work suggests that HopAM1's TIR domain possesses different catalytic specificity than other TIR domain-containing NAD+ hydrolases and that pathogens exploit this activity to sabotage NAD+ metabolism for immune suppression and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Eastman
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNE68583USA
| | - Thomas Smith
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNE68583USA
| | - Mark A. Zaydman
- Department of Pathology and ImmunologyWashington University School of MedicineSt LouisMO63110USA
| | - Panya Kim
- The Center for Plant Science InnovationUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNE68588USA
| | - Samuel Martinez
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNE68583USA
| | - Neha Damaraju
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringWashington University in St LouisSt LouisMO63130USA
| | - Aaron DiAntonio
- Department of Developmental BiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt LouisMO63110USA
| | - Jeffrey Milbrandt
- Department of GeneticsWashington University School of MedicineSt LouisMO63110USA
| | - Thomas E. Clemente
- Department of Agriculture and HorticultureUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNE68583USA
| | - James R. Alfano
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNE68583USA
- The Center for Plant Science InnovationUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNE68588USA
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Agriculture and HorticultureUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNE68583USA
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12
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Resentini F, Ruberti C, Grenzi M, Bonza MC, Costa A. The signatures of organellar calcium. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1985-2004. [PMID: 33905517 PMCID: PMC8644629 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Recent insights about the transport mechanisms involved in the in and out of calcium ions in plant organelles, and their role in the regulation of cytosolic calcium homeostasis in different signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Ruberti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Matteo Grenzi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milano 20133, Italy
| | | | - Alex Costa
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milano 20133, Italy
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Milano 20133, Italy
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13
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Wang F, Chen S, Cai K, Lu Z, Yang Y, Tigabu M, Zhao X. Transcriptome sequencing and gene expression profiling of Pinus sibirica under different cold stresses. BREEDING SCIENCE 2021; 71:550-563. [PMID: 35087319 PMCID: PMC8784350 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.21009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cold stress is a major abiotic factor that affects plant growth and geographical distribution. Pinus sibirica is extremely frigostable tree species. To understand the molecular mechanisms of cold tolerance by P. sibirica, physiological responses were analyzed and transcriptome profiling was conducted to the plants treated by cold stress. The physiological data showed that membrane permeability relative conductivity (REC), reactive oxygen species (ROS), malonaldehyde (MDA) content, peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activity, soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline contents were increased significantly (p < 0.05) in response to cold stress. Transcriptome analysis identified a total of 871, 1397 and 872 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after cold treatment for 6 h, 24 h and 48 h at -20°C, respectively. The signaling pathway mediated by Ca2+ as a signaling molecule and abscisic acid pathways were the main cold signal transduction pathways in P. sibirica. The APETALA2/Ethylene-Responsive Factor (AP2/ERF) and MYB transcription factor families also play an important role in the transcriptional regulation of P. sibirica. In addition, many genes related to photosynthesis were differentially expressed under cold stress. We also validated the reliability of transcriptome data with quantitative real-time PCR. This study lays the foundation for understanding the molecular mechanisms related to cold responses in P. sibirica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- College of Forestry and Grassland, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jinlin Provincial Academy of Forestry Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Song Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Kewei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhimin Lu
- Jinlin Provincial Academy of Forestry Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yuchun Yang
- Jinlin Provincial Academy of Forestry Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Mulualem Tigabu
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Xiyang Zhao
- College of Forestry and Grassland, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Corresponding author (e-mail: )
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14
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Identification and characterization of profilin gene family in rice. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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15
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Yuan M, Ngou BPM, Ding P, Xin XF. PTI-ETI crosstalk: an integrative view of plant immunity. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 62:102030. [PMID: 33684883 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 119.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plants resist attacks by pathogens via innate immune responses, which are initiated by cell surface-localized pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing receptors (NLRs) leading to pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI), respectively. Although the two classes of immune receptors involve different activation mechanisms and appear to require different early signalling components, PTI and ETI eventually converge into many similar downstream responses, albeit with distinct amplitudes and dynamics. Increasing evidence suggests the existence of intricate interactions between PRR-mediated and NLR-mediated signalling cascades as well as common signalling components shared by both. Future investigation of the mechanisms underlying signal collaboration between PRR-initiated and NLR-initiated immunity will enable a more complete understanding of the plant immune system. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of the relationship between the two layers of plant innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhang Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bruno Pok Man Ngou
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Pingtao Ding
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK; Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, Leiden 2333 BE, The Netherlands.
| | - Xiu-Fang Xin
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; CAS-JIC Center of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Sciences (CEPAMS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Khaleghnezhad V, Yousefi AR, Tavakoli A, Farajmand B, Mastinu A. Concentrations-dependent effect of exogenous abscisic acid on photosynthesis, growth and phenolic content of Dracocephalum moldavica L. under drought stress. PLANTA 2021; 253:127. [PMID: 34036415 PMCID: PMC8149364 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03648-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The drought conditions and the application of ABA reduce the photosynthetic activity, and the processes related to the transpiration of Dracocephalum moldavica L. At the same time, the plant increases the production of phenolic compounds and essential oil as a response to stress conditions. In the semi-arid regions, drought stress is the most important environmental limitations for crop production. Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role in the reactions of plants towards environmental stress such as drought. Field experiments for two consecutive years in 2016 and 2017 were conducted to evaluate the effect of three watering regimes (well-watered, moderate and severe drought) and five exogenous ABA concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 μM) on growth, photosynthesis, total phenolic and essential oil content of Dracocephalum moldavica L. Without ABA application, the highest photosynthetic rate (6.1 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1) was obtained under well-watered condition and, moderate and severe drought stress decreased photosynthesis rate by 26.39% and 34.43%, respectively. Some growth parameters such as stem height, leaf area, leaf dry weight and biological yield were also reduced by drought stress. ABA application showed a decreasing trend in photosynthesis rate and mentioned plant growth parameters under all moisture regimes. The highest seed yield (1243.56 kg ha-1) was obtained under well-watered condition without ABA application. Increasing ABA concentration decreased seed yield in all moisture regimes. The highest total phenolic content (8.9 mg g-1 FW) and essential oil yield (20.58 kg ha-1) were obtained from 20 and 5 μM ABA concentration, respectively, under moderate drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Reza Yousefi
- Department of Plant Production & Genetics, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Afshin Tavakoli
- Department of Plant Production & Genetics, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Bahman Farajmand
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Andrea Mastinu
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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17
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Liu M, Li Y, Zhu Y, Sun Y, Wang G. Maize nicotinate N-methyltransferase interacts with the NLR protein Rp1-D21 and modulates the hypersensitive response. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 22:564-579. [PMID: 33675291 PMCID: PMC8035639 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Most plant intracellular immune receptors belong to nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins. The recognition between NLRs and their corresponding pathogen effectors often triggers a hypersensitive response (HR) at the pathogen infection sites. The nicotinate N-methyltransferase (NANMT) is responsible for the conversion of nicotinate to trigonelline in plants. However, the role of NANMT in plant defence response is unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that the maize ZmNANMT, but not its close homolog ZmCOMT, an enzyme in the lignin biosynthesis pathway, suppresses the HR mediated by the autoactive NLR protein Rp1-D21 and its N-terminal coiled-coil signalling domain (CCD21 ). ZmNANMT, but not ZmCOMT, interacts with CCD21 , and they form a complex with HCT1806 and CCoAOMT2, two key enzymes in lignin biosynthesis, which can also suppress the autoactive HR mediated by Rp1-D21. ZmNANMT is mainly localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and either localization is important for suppressing the HR phenotype. These results lay the foundation for further elucidating the molecular mechanism of NANMTs in plant disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation BiologyMinistry of EducationSchool of Life SciencesShandong UniversityQingdaoChina
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong ProvinceCollege of Plant Health and MedicineQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Ya‐Jie Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation BiologyMinistry of EducationSchool of Life SciencesShandong UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Yu‐Xiu Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation BiologyMinistry of EducationSchool of Life SciencesShandong UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Yang Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation BiologyMinistry of EducationSchool of Life SciencesShandong UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Guan‐Feng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation BiologyMinistry of EducationSchool of Life SciencesShandong UniversityQingdaoChina
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18
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Plant Acyl-CoA-Binding Proteins-Their Lipid and Protein Interactors in Abiotic and Biotic Stresses. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051064. [PMID: 33946260 PMCID: PMC8146436 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are constantly exposed to environmental stresses during their growth and development. Owing to their immobility, plants possess stress-sensing abilities and adaptive responses to cope with the abiotic and biotic stresses caused by extreme temperatures, drought, flooding, salinity, heavy metals and pathogens. Acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs), a family of conserved proteins among prokaryotes and eukaryotes, bind to a variety of acyl-CoA esters with different affinities and play a role in the transport and maintenance of subcellular acyl-CoA pools. In plants, studies have revealed ACBP functions in development and stress responses through their interactions with lipids and protein partners. This review summarises the roles of plant ACBPs and their lipid and protein interactors in abiotic and biotic stress responses.
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19
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OKAMOTO H, TAKASAWA S. Okamoto model for necrosis and its expansions, CD38-cyclic ADP-ribose signal system for intracellular Ca 2+ mobilization and Reg (Regenerating gene protein)-Reg receptor system for cell regeneration. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2021; 97:423-461. [PMID: 34629354 PMCID: PMC8553518 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.97.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In pancreatic islet cell culture models and animal models, we studied the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of insulin-dependent diabetes. The diabetogenic agents, alloxan and streptozotocin, caused DNA strand breaks, which in turn activated poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase/synthetase (PARP) to deplete NAD+, thereby inhibiting islet β-cell functions such as proinsulin synthesis and ultimately leading to β-cell necrosis. Radical scavengers protected against the formation of DNA strand breaks and inhibition of proinsulin synthesis. Inhibitors of PARP prevented the NAD+ depletion, inhibition of proinsulin synthesis and β-cell death. These findings led to the proposed unifying concept for β-cell damage and its prevention (the Okamoto model). The model met one proof with PARP knockout animals and was further extended by the discovery of cyclic ADP-ribose as the second messenger for Ca2+ mobilization in glucose-induced insulin secretion and by the identification of Reg (Regenerating gene) for β-cell regeneration. Physiological and pathological events found in pancreatic β-cells have been observed in other cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi OKAMOTO
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shin TAKASAWA
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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20
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Lu Y, Tsuda K. Intimate Association of PRR- and NLR-Mediated Signaling in Plant Immunity. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2021; 34:3-14. [PMID: 33048599 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-08-20-0239-ia] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This article is part of the Top 10 Unanswered Questions in MPMI invited review series.Plants recognize the presence or invasion of microbes through cell surface-localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs). Although PRRs and NLRs are activated by ligands located in different subcellular compartments through distinct mechanisms, signals initiated from PRRs and NLRs converge into several common signaling pathways with different dynamics. Increasing evidence suggests that PRR- and NLR-mediated signaling extensively crosstalk and such interaction can greatly influence immune response outcomes. Sophisticated experimental setups enabled dissection of the signaling events downstream of PRRs and NLRs with fine temporal and spatial resolution; however, the molecular links underlying the observed interactions in PRR and NLR signaling remain to be elucidated. In this review, we summarize the latest knowledge about activation and signaling mediated by PRRs and NLRs, deconvolute the intimate association between PRR- and NLR-mediated signaling, and propose hypotheses to guide further research on key topics.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Lu
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, U.S.A
| | - Kenichi Tsuda
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Interdisciplinary Sciences Research Institute, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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21
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Martin R, Qi T, Zhang H, Liu F, King M, Toth C, Nogales E, Staskawicz BJ. Structure of the activated ROQ1 resistosome directly recognizing the pathogen effector XopQ. Science 2020; 370:eabd9993. [PMID: 33273074 PMCID: PMC7995448 DOI: 10.1126/science.abd9993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Plants and animals detect pathogen infection using intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) that directly or indirectly recognize pathogen effectors and activate an immune response. How effector sensing triggers NLR activation remains poorly understood. Here we describe the 3.8-angstrom-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structure of the activated ROQ1 (recognition of XopQ 1), an NLR native to Nicotiana benthamiana with a Toll-like interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain bound to the Xanthomonas euvesicatoria effector XopQ (Xanthomonas outer protein Q). ROQ1 directly binds to both the predicted active site and surface residues of XopQ while forming a tetrameric resistosome that brings together the TIR domains for downstream immune signaling. Our results suggest a mechanism for the direct recognition of effectors by NLRs leading to the oligomerization-dependent activation of a plant resistosome and signaling by the TIR domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoul Martin
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- QB3, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Tiancong Qi
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Furong Liu
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Miles King
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Claire Toth
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Eva Nogales
- QB3, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Brian J Staskawicz
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
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22
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Li J, Zhao C, Hu S, Song X, Lv M, Yao D, Song Q, Zuo K. Arabidopsis NRT1.2 interacts with the PHOSPHOLIPASE Dα1 (PLDα1) to positively regulate seed germination and seedling development in response to ABA treatment. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:104-109. [PMID: 32933749 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
NRT1.2 has been characterized as a low-affinity nitrate transporter and an abscisic acid (ABA) transporter in Arabidopsis. In this study, we demonstrate that NRT1.2 positively regulated the ABA response during germination and seedling development. The transgenic Arabidopsis NRT1.2-over-expressionors showed increased sensitivity to ABA during these processes. qRT-PCR assays indicated that NRT1.2 over-production in 7-days-old seedlings up-regulated the expression of ABA-responsive genes: ABI1, ABI2, ABI3, ABI4, ABI5, RAB18, RD29A, and RD29B and PHOSPHOLIPASE Dα1 (PLDα1). The expression of these genes was suppressed in the nrt1.2 mutant in comparison with the wild type following ABA treatment. Importantly, bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays indicated that NRT1.2 interacts with PLDα1 at the plasma membrane. Their interaction was further confirmed by using yeast two hybrid (Y2H) experiments with the mating-based split ubiquitin system (MbSUS). Moreover, genetic assays indicated that PLDα1 acts epistatically on NRT1.2 to affect ABA signaling. Taken together, our results provide detailed mechanisms of NRT1.2 in ABA-mediated seed germination and seedling development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfu Li
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chunyan Zhao
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shi Hu
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaoyun Song
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Mengli Lv
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Dan Yao
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qingwei Song
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Kaijing Zuo
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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23
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Lapin D, Bhandari DD, Parker JE. Origins and Immunity Networking Functions of EDS1 Family Proteins. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2020; 58:253-276. [PMID: 32396762 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-010820-012840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The EDS1 family of structurally unique lipase-like proteins EDS1, SAG101, and PAD4 evolved in seed plants, on top of existing phytohormone and nucleotide-binding-leucine-rich-repeat (NLR) networks, to regulate immunity pathways against host-adapted biotrophic pathogens. Exclusive heterodimers between EDS1 and SAG101 or PAD4 create essential surfaces for resistance signaling. Phylogenomic information, together with functional studies in Arabidopsis and tobacco, identify a coevolved module between the EDS1-SAG101 heterodimer and coiled-coil (CC) HET-S and LOP-B (CCHELO) domain helper NLRs that is recruited by intracellular Toll-interleukin1-receptor (TIR) domain NLR receptors to confer host cell death and pathogen immunity. EDS1-PAD4 heterodimers have a different and broader activity in basal immunity that transcriptionally reinforces local and systemic defenses triggered by various NLRs. Here, we consider EDS1 family protein functions across seed plant lineages in the context of networking with receptor and helper NLRs and downstream resistance machineries. The different modes of action and pathway connectivities of EDS1 family members go some way to explaining their central role in biotic stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Lapin
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany;
- Cologne-Düsseldorf Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Deepak D Bhandari
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany;
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Jane E Parker
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany;
- Cologne-Düsseldorf Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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24
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Wei M, Zhuang Y, Li H, Li P, Huo H, Shu D, Huang W, Wang S. The cloning and characterization of hypersensitive to salt stress mutant, affected in quinolinate synthase, highlights the involvement of NAD in stress-induced accumulation of ABA and proline. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:85-98. [PMID: 31733117 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a ubiquitous coenzyme, is required for many physiological reactions and processes. However, it remains largely unknown how NAD affects plant response to salt stress. We isolated a salt-sensitive mutant named hypersensitive to salt stress (hss) from an ethyl methanesulfonate-induced mutation population. A point mutation was identified by MutMap in the encoding region of Quinolinate Synthase (QS) gene required for the de novo synthesis of NAD. This point mutation caused a substitution of amino acid in the highly-conserved NadA domain of QS, resulting in an impairment of NAD biosynthesis in the mutant. Molecular and chemical complementation have restored the response of the hss mutant to salt stress, indicating that the decreased NAD contents in the mutant were responsible for its hypersensitivity to salt stress. Furthermore, the endogenous levels of abscisic acid (ABA) and proline were also reduced in stress-treated hss mutant. The application of ABA or proline could alleviate stress-induced oxidative damage of the mutant and partially rescue its hypersensitivity to salt stress, but not affect NAD concentration. Taken together, our results demonstrated that the NadA domain of QS is important for NAD biosynthesis, and NAD participates in plant response to salt stress by affecting stress-induced accumulation of ABA and proline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wei
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yong Zhuang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hui Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Penghui Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Heqiang Huo
- Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Apopka, FL, 32703, USA
| | - Dan Shu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Weizao Huang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Songhu Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar
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25
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Wan L, Essuman K, Anderson RG, Sasaki Y, Monteiro F, Chung EH, Osborne Nishimura E, DiAntonio A, Milbrandt J, Dangl JL, Nishimura MT. TIR domains of plant immune receptors are NAD +-cleaving enzymes that promote cell death. Science 2019; 365:799-803. [PMID: 31439793 PMCID: PMC7045805 DOI: 10.1126/science.aax1771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors activate cell death and confer disease resistance by unknown mechanisms. We demonstrate that plant Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domains of NLRs are enzymes capable of degrading nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in its oxidized form (NAD+). Both cell death induction and NAD+ cleavage activity of plant TIR domains require known self-association interfaces and a putative catalytic glutamic acid that is conserved in both bacterial TIR NAD+-cleaving enzymes (NADases) and the mammalian SARM1 (sterile alpha and TIR motif containing 1) NADase. We identify a variant of cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose as a biomarker of TIR enzymatic activity. TIR enzymatic activity is induced by pathogen recognition and functions upstream of the genes enhanced disease susceptibility 1 (EDS1) and N requirement gene 1 (NRG1), which encode regulators required for TIR immune function. Thus, plant TIR-NLR receptors require NADase function to transduce recognition of pathogens into a cell death response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wan
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kow Essuman
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ryan G Anderson
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yo Sasaki
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Freddy Monteiro
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eui-Hwan Chung
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Erin Osborne Nishimura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Aaron DiAntonio
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jeffrey Milbrandt
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
- Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Jeffery L Dangl
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Marc T Nishimura
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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26
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Boussora F, Allam M, Guasmi F, Ferchichi A, Rutten T, Hansson M, Youssef HM, Börner A. Spike developmental stages and ABA role in spikelet primordia abortion contribute to the final yield in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). BOTANICAL STUDIES 2019; 60:13. [PMID: 31292768 PMCID: PMC6620232 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-019-0261-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salinity is a significant environmental stress factor limiting crops productivity. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) has a natural tolerance to salinity stress, making it an interesting study object in stress biology research. In the present study, for the first time the effect of salinity stress on barley inflorescence developmental stages was investigated. Five spring barley genotypes irrigated with saline water (12.5 ds/m NaCl) were compared to controls treated with normal tap water. We measured abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations in the apical, central and basal sections of the immature inflorescence at green anther (GA) stage. The role of ABA in spikelet primordia development, atrophy and abortion and final yield was evaluated. RESULTS A time course experiment starting from double ridge until green anther (GA) stages revealed that salinity reduced the length of spike developmental stages in all genotypes causing shortened of the plant life cycle. The shortened plant life cycle negatively affected plant height and number of tillers/plant. Salinity also affected spikelet primordia development. In both control and salinity treated plants apical spikelet abortion started in late awn primordium (AP) stage. However, under salinity treatment, significantly more spikelets were aborted, thus directly affecting plant yield potential. ABA, which plays a role in the spikelet/floret abortion process, was markedly elevated in the base and apex of salt treated spikes correlating with an increased spikelet abortion in these regions. CONCLUSIONS Overall, salinity treatment reduced all plant and yield-related parameters investigated and turned some of the correlations among them from positive to negative or vice versa. Investigations of ABA role in floral development and phase duration of barley spike showed that, ABA regulates the spikelet/floret abortion process affecting the yield potential under salinity and control conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Boussora
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstraße 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
- Institute of Arid Lands of Medenine, Route du Djorf Km 22.5, Médénine, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte (FSB), 7021 Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Allam
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstraße 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
- Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Akademija, Lithuania
| | - Ferdaous Guasmi
- Institute of Arid Lands of Medenine, Route du Djorf Km 22.5, Médénine, Tunisia
| | - Ali Ferchichi
- Institut National Agronomique de Tunis, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, 1082, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Twan Rutten
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstraße 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Mats Hansson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362, Lund, Sweden
| | - Helmy M Youssef
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstraße 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany.
- Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Andreas Börner
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstraße 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany.
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Tai L, Li BB, Nie XM, Zhang PP, Hu CH, Zhang L, Liu WT, Li WQ, Chen KM. Calmodulin Is the Fundamental Regulator of NADK-Mediated NAD Signaling in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:681. [PMID: 31275331 PMCID: PMC6593290 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) signaling and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) signaling are two basic signal regulation pathways in organisms, playing crucial roles in signal transduction, energy metabolism, stress tolerance, and various developmental processes. Notably, calmodulins (CaMs) and NAD kinases (NADKs) are important hubs for connecting these two types of signaling networks, where CaMs are the unique activators of NADKs. NADK is a key enzyme for NADP (including NADP+ and NADPH) biosynthesis by phosphorylating NAD (including NAD+ and NADH) and therefore, maintains the balance between NAD pool and NADP pool through an allosteric regulation mode. In addition, the two respective derivatives from NAD+ (substrate of NADK) and NADP+ (product of NADK), cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP), have been considered to be the important messengers for intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis which could finally influence the combination between CaM and NADK, forming a feedback regulation mechanism. In this review article, we briefly summarized the major research advances related to the feedback regulation pathway, which is activated by the interaction of CaM and NADK during plant development and signaling. The theories and fact will lay a solid foundation for further studies related to CaM and NADK and their regulatory mechanisms as well as the NADK-mediated NAD signaling behavior in plant development and response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area/College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Bin-Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area/College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiu-Min Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area/College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Peng-Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area/College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chun-Hong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area/College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Department of General Biology, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area/College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wen-Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area/College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area/College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Kun-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area/College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Boron Deficiency Increases Cytosolic Ca 2+ Levels Mainly via Ca 2+ Influx from the Apoplast in Arabidopsis thaliana Roots. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092297. [PMID: 31075903 PMCID: PMC6540140 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Boron (B) is a micronutrient for plant development, and its deficiency alters many physiological processes. However, the current knowledge on how plants are able to sense the B-starvation signal is still very limited. Recently, it has been reported that B deprivation induces an increase in cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. The aim of this work was to research in Arabidopsis whether [Ca2+]cyt is restored to initial levels when B is resupplied and elucidate whether apoplastic Ca2+ is the major source for B-deficiency-induced rise in [Ca2+]cyt. The use of chemical compounds affecting Ca2+ homeostasis showed that the rise in root [Ca2+]cyt induced by B deficiency was predominantly owed to Ca2+ influx from the apoplast through plasma membrane Ca2+ channels in an IP3-independent manner. Furthermore, B resupply restored the root [Ca2+]cyt. Interestingly, expression levels of genes encoding Ca2+ transporters (ACA10, plasma membrane PIIB-type Ca2+-ATPase; and CAX3, vacuolar cation/proton exchanger) were upregulated by ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) and abscisic acid (ABA). The results pointed out that ACA10, and especially CAX3, would play a major role in the restoration of Ca2+ homeostasis after 24 h of B deficiency.
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Rissel D, Peiter E. Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerases in Plants and Their Human Counterparts: Parallels and Peculiarities. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1638. [PMID: 30986964 PMCID: PMC6479469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is a rapid and transient post-translational protein modification that was described first in mammalian cells. Activated by the sensing of DNA strand breaks, poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase1 (PARP1) transfers ADP-ribose units onto itself and other target proteins using NAD⁺ as a substrate. Subsequently, DNA damage responses and other cellular responses are initiated. In plants, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) have also been implicated in responses to DNA damage. The Arabidopsis genome contains three canonical PARP genes, the nomenclature of which has been uncoordinated in the past. Albeit assumptions concerning the function and roles of PARP proteins in planta have often been inferred from homology and structural conservation between plant PARPs and their mammalian counterparts, plant-specific roles have become apparent. In particular, PARPs have been linked to stress responses of plants. A negative role under abiotic stress has been inferred from studies in which a genetic or, more commonly, pharmacological inhibition of PARP activity improved the performance of stressed plants; in response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns, a positive role has been suggested. However, reports have been inconsistent, and the effects of PARP inhibitors appear to be more robust than the genetic abolition of PARP gene expression, indicating the presence of alternative targets of those drugs. Collectively, recent evidence suggests a conditionality of stress-related phenotypes of parp mutants and calls for a reconsideration of PARP inhibitor studies on plants. This review critically summarizes our current understanding of poly(ADP-ribosylation) and PARP proteins in plants, highlighting similarities and differences to human PARPs, areas of controversy, and requirements for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Rissel
- Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany.
- Agrochemisches Institut Piesteritz e.V. (AIP), Möllensdorfer Strasse 13, 06886 Lutherstadt Wittenberg, Germany.
- Institute for Plant Protection in Field Crops and Grassland, Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), 38104 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Edgar Peiter
- Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany.
- Agrochemisches Institut Piesteritz e.V. (AIP), Möllensdorfer Strasse 13, 06886 Lutherstadt Wittenberg, Germany.
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Naderi R, Esmaeili-Mahani S, Abbasnejad M. Extracellular calcium influx through L-type calcium channels, intracellular calcium currents and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling are involved in the abscisic acid-induced precognitive and anti-anxiety effects. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:582-588. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Specific cyclic ADP-ribose phosphohydrolase obtained by mutagenic engineering of Mn 2+-dependent ADP-ribose/CDP-alcohol diphosphatase. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1036. [PMID: 29348648 PMCID: PMC5773619 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18393-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) is a messenger for Ca2+ mobilization. Its turnover is believed to occur by glycohydrolysis to ADP-ribose. However, ADP-ribose/CDP-alcohol diphosphatase (ADPRibase-Mn) acts as cADPR phosphohydrolase with much lower efficiency than on its major substrates. Recently, we showed that mutagenesis of human ADPRibase-Mn at Phe37, Leu196 and Cys253 alters its specificity: the best substrate of the mutant F37A + L196F + C253A is cADPR by a short difference, Cys253 mutation being essential for cADPR preference. Its proximity to the 'northern' ribose of cADPR in docking models indicates Cys253 is a steric constraint for cADPR positioning. Aiming to obtain a specific cADPR phosphohydrolase, new mutations were tested at Asp250, Val252, Cys253 and Thr279, all near the 'northern' ribose. First, the mutant F37A + L196F + C253G, with a smaller residue 253 (Ala > Gly), showed increased cADPR specificity. Then, the mutant F37A + L196F + V252A + C253G, with another residue made smaller (Val > Ala), displayed the desired specificity, with cADPR kcat/KM ≈20-200-fold larger than for any other substrate. When tested in nucleotide mixtures, cADPR was exhausted while others remained unaltered. We suggest that the specific cADPR phosphohydrolase, by cell or organism transgenesis, or the designed mutations, by genome editing, provide opportunities to study the effect of cADPR depletion on the many systems where it intervenes.
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Pang Q, Zhang T, Wang Y, Kong W, Guan Q, Yan X, Chen S. Metabolomics of Early Stage Plant Cell-Microbe Interaction Using Stable Isotope Labeling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:760. [PMID: 29922325 PMCID: PMC5996122 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics has been used in unraveling metabolites that play essential roles in plant-microbe (including pathogen) interactions. However, the problem of profiling a plant metabolome with potential contaminating metabolites from the coexisting microbes has been largely ignored. To address this problem, we implemented an effective stable isotope labeling approach, where the metabolome of a plant bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 was labeled with heavy isotopes. The labeled bacterial cells were incubated with Arabidopsis thaliana epidermal peels (EPs) with guard cells, and excessive bacterial cells were subsequently removed from the plant tissues by washing. The plant metabolites were characterized by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry using multiple reactions monitoring, which can differentiate plant and bacterial metabolites. Targeted metabolomic analysis suggested that Pst DC3000 infection may modulate stomatal movement by reprograming plant signaling and primary metabolic pathways. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the utility of this strategy in differentiation of the plant and microbe metabolomes, and it has broad applications in studying metabolic interactions between microbes and other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuying Pang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Ministry of Education, Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Wenwen Kong
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Qijie Guan
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Xiufeng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Ministry of Education, Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Xiufeng Yan, Sixue Chen,
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research (ICBR), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Xiufeng Yan, Sixue Chen,
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Li Q, Wang YJ, Liu CK, Pei ZM, Shi WL. The crosstalk between ABA, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, and calcium in stomatal closing of Arabidopsis thaliana. Biologia (Bratisl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2017-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Molecular mechanisms that mediate invasion and egress of malaria parasites from red blood cells. Curr Opin Hematol 2017; 24:208-214. [PMID: 28306665 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Malaria parasites invade and multiply in diverse host cells during their complex life cycle. Some blood stage parasites transform into male and female gametocytes that are transmitted by female anopheline mosquitoes. The gametocytes are activated in the mosquito midgut to form male and female gametes, which egress from RBCs to mate and form a zygote. Here, we will review our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms that mediate invasion and egress by malaria parasites at different life cycle stages. RECENT FINDINGS A number of key effector molecules such as parasite protein ligands for receptor-engagement during invasion as well as proteases and perforin-like proteins that mediate egress have been identified. Interestingly, these parasite-encoded effectors are located in internal, vesicular organelles and are secreted in a highly regulated manner during invasion and egress. Here, we will review our current understanding of the functional roles of these effectors as well as the signaling pathways that regulate their timely secretion with accurate spatiotemporal coordinates. SUMMARY Understanding the molecular basis of key processes such as host cell invasion and egress by malaria parasites could provide novel targets for development of inhibitors to block parasite growth and transmission.
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Singh S, Chitnis CE. Molecular Signaling Involved in Entry and Exit of Malaria Parasites from Host Erythrocytes. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2017; 7:cshperspect.a026815. [PMID: 28507195 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a026815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
During the blood stage, Plasmodium spp. merozoites invade host red blood cells (RBCs), multiply, exit, and reinvade uninfected RBCs in a continuing cycle that is responsible for all the clinical symptoms associated with malaria. Entry into (invasion) and exit from (egress) RBCs are highly regulated processes that are mediated by an array of parasite proteins with specific functional roles. Many of these parasite proteins are stored in specialized apical secretory vesicles, and their timely release is critical for successful invasion and egress. For example, the discharge of parasite protein ligands to the apical surface of merozoites is required for interaction with host receptors to mediate invasion, and the timely discharge of proteases and pore-forming proteins helps in permeabilization and dismantling of limiting membranes during egress. This review focuses on our understanding of the signaling mechanisms that regulate apical organelle secretion during host cell invasion and egress by malaria parasites. The review also explores how understanding key signaling mechanisms in the parasite can open opportunities to develop novel strategies to target Plasmodium parasites and eliminate malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailja Singh
- Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France.,Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Chetan E Chitnis
- Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France.,Malaria Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi 110067, India
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Zocchi E, Hontecillas R, Leber A, Einerhand A, Carbo A, Bruzzone S, Tubau-Juni N, Philipson N, Zoccoli-Rodriguez V, Sturla L, Bassaganya-Riera J. Abscisic Acid: A Novel Nutraceutical for Glycemic Control. Front Nutr 2017; 4:24. [PMID: 28660193 PMCID: PMC5468461 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2017.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid is naturally present in fruits and vegetables, and it plays an important role in managing glucose homeostasis in humans. According to the latest U.S. dietary survey, about 92% of the population might have a deficient intake of ABA due to their deficient intake of fruits and vegetables. This review summarizes the in vitro, preclinical, mechanistic, and human translational findings obtained over the past 15 years in the study of the role of ABA in glycemic control. In 2007, dietary ABA was first reported to ameliorate glucose tolerance and obesity-related inflammation in mice. The most recent findings regarding the topic of ABA and its proposed receptor lanthionine synthetase C-like 2 in glycemic control and their interplay with insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 suggest a major role for ABA in the physiological response to a glucose load in humans. Moreover, emerging evidence suggests that the ABA response might be dysfunctional in diabetic subjects. Follow on intervention studies in healthy individuals show that low-dose dietary ABA administration exerts a beneficial effect on the glycemia and insulinemia profiles after oral glucose load. These recent findings showing benefits in humans, together with extensive efficacy data in mouse models of diabetes and inflammatory disease, suggest the need for reference ABA values and its possible exploitation of the glycemia-lowering effects of ABA for preventative purposes. Larger clinical studies on healthy, prediabetic, and diabetic subjects are needed to determine whether addressing the widespread dietary ABA deficiency improves glucose control in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zocchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Raquel Hontecillas
- BioTherapeutics Inc., Blacksburg, VA, United States.,Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Andrew Leber
- BioTherapeutics Inc., Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | | | - Adria Carbo
- BioTherapeutics Inc., Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Santina Bruzzone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nuria Tubau-Juni
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | | | | | - Laura Sturla
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Josep Bassaganya-Riera
- BioTherapeutics Inc., Blacksburg, VA, United States.,Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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Malara A, Fresia C, Di Buduo CA, Soprano PM, Moccia F, Balduini C, Zocchi E, De Flora A, Balduini A. The Plant Hormone Abscisic Acid Is a Prosurvival Factor in Human and Murine Megakaryocytes. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:3239-3251. [PMID: 28049729 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.751693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a phytohormone involved in pivotal physiological functions in higher plants. Recently, ABA has been proven to be also secreted and active in mammals, where it stimulates the activity of innate immune cells, mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells, and insulin-releasing pancreatic β cells through a signaling pathway involving the second messenger cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR). In addition to behaving like an animal hormone, ABA also holds promise as a nutraceutical plant-derived compound in humans. Many biological functions of ABA in mammals are mediated by its binding to the LANCL-2 receptor protein. A putative binding of ABA to GRP78, a key regulator of endoplasmic reticulum stress, has also been proposed. Here we investigated the role of exogenous ABA in modulating thrombopoiesis, the process of platelet generation. Our results demonstrate that expression of both LANCL-2 and GRP78 is up-regulated during hematopoietic stem cell differentiation into mature megakaryocytes (Mks). Functional ABA receptors exist in mature Mks because ABA induces an intracellular Ca2+ increase ([Ca2+] i ) through PKA activation and subsequent cADPR generation. In vitro exposure of human or murine hematopoietic progenitor cells to 10 μm ABA does not increase recombinant thrombopoietin (rTpo)-dependent Mk differentiation or platelet release. However, under conditions of cell stress induced by rTpo and serum deprivation, ABA stimulates, in a PKA- and cADPR-dependent fashion, the mitogen-activated kinase ERK 1/2, resulting in the modulation of lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family members, increased Mk survival, and higher rates of platelet production. In conclusion, we demonstrate that ABA is a prosurvival factor for Mks in a Tpo-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Malara
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, Laboratories of Biotechnology, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation
| | - Chiara Fresia
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Genova 16132, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Maria Soprano
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, Laboratories of Biotechnology, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation
| | - Francesco Moccia
- Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Cesare Balduini
- Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Elena Zocchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Genova 16132, Italy
| | - Antonio De Flora
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Genova 16132, Italy
| | - Alessandra Balduini
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, Laboratories of Biotechnology, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155.
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Jiao C, Yang R, Gu Z. Cyclic ADP-ribose and IP3 mediate abscisic acid-induced isoflavone accumulation in soybean sprouts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 479:530-536. [PMID: 27664703 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the roles of ABA-cADPR-Ca2+ and ABA-IP3-Ca2+ signaling pathways in UV-B-induced isoflavone accumulation in soybean sprouts were investigated. Results showed that abscisic acid (ABA) up regulated cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) levels in soybean sprouts under UV-B radiation. Furthermore, cADPR and IP3, as second messengers of UV-B-triggered ABA, induced isoflavone accumulation by up-regulating proteins and genes expression and activity of isoflavone biosynthetic-enzymes (chalcone synthase, CHS; isoflavone synthase, IFS). After Ca2+ was chelated by EGTA, isoflavone content decreased. Overall, ABA-induced cADPR and IP3 up regulated isoflavone accumulation which was mediated by Ca2+ signaling via enhancing the expression of proteins and genes participating in isoflavone biosynthesis in soybean sprouts under UV-B radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caifeng Jiao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Runqiang Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxin Gu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Metabolomic Responses of Guard Cells and Mesophyll Cells to Bicarbonate. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144206. [PMID: 26641455 PMCID: PMC4671721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic CO2 presently at 400 ppm is expected to reach 550 ppm in 2050, an increment expected to affect plant growth and productivity. Paired stomatal guard cells (GCs) are the gate-way for water, CO2, and pathogen, while mesophyll cells (MCs) represent the bulk cell-type of green leaves mainly for photosynthesis. We used the two different cell types, i.e., GCs and MCs from canola (Brassica napus) to profile metabolomic changes upon increased CO2 through supplementation with bicarbonate (HCO3-). Two metabolomics platforms enabled quantification of 268 metabolites in a time-course study to reveal short-term responses. The HCO3- responsive metabolomes of the cell types differed in their responsiveness. The MCs demonstrated increased amino acids, phenylpropanoids, redox metabolites, auxins and cytokinins, all of which were decreased in GCs in response to HCO3-. In addition, the GCs showed differential increases of primary C-metabolites, N-metabolites (e.g., purines and amino acids), and defense-responsive pathways (e.g., alkaloids, phenolics, and flavonoids) as compared to the MCs, indicating differential C/N homeostasis in the cell-types. The metabolomics results provide insights into plant responses and crop productivity under future climatic changes where elevated CO2 conditions are to take center-stage.
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Misra BB, Acharya BR, Granot D, Assmann SM, Chen S. The guard cell metabolome: functions in stomatal movement and global food security. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:334. [PMID: 26042131 PMCID: PMC4436583 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Guard cells represent a unique single cell-type system for the study of cellular responses to abiotic and biotic perturbations that affect stomatal movement. Decades of effort through both classical physiological and functional genomics approaches have generated an enormous amount of information on the roles of individual metabolites in stomatal guard cell function and physiology. Recent application of metabolomics methods has produced a substantial amount of new information on metabolome control of stomatal movement. In conjunction with other "omics" approaches, the knowledge-base is growing to reach a systems-level description of this single cell-type. Here we summarize current knowledge of the guard cell metabolome and highlight critical metabolites that bear significant impact on future engineering and breeding efforts to generate plants/crops that are resistant to environmental challenges and produce high yield and quality products for food and energy security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswapriya B. Misra
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - David Granot
- Department of Vegetable Research, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet-Dagan, Israel
| | | | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Abstract
Apicomplexan parasites include some of the most prevalent and deadly human pathogens. Novel antiparasitic drugs are urgently needed. Synthesis and metabolism of isoprenoids may present multiple targets for therapeutic intervention. The apicoplast-localized methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway for isoprenoid precursor biosynthesis is distinct from the mevalonate (MVA) pathway used by the mammalian host, and this pathway is apparently essential in most Apicomplexa. In this review, we discuss the current field of research on production and metabolic fates of isoprenoids in apicomplexan parasites, including the acquisition of host isoprenoid precursors and downstream products. We describe recent work identifying the first MEP pathway regulator in apicomplexan parasites, and introduce several promising areas for ongoing research into this well-validated antiparasitic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Imlay
- Department of Molecular Microbiology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Audrey R Odom
- Department of Pediatrics Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO 63110 USA & Department of Molecular Microbiology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
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Borowski JM, Galli V, Messias RDS, Perin EC, Buss JH, dos Anjos e Silva SD, Rombaldi CV. Selection of candidate reference genes for real-time PCR studies in lettuce under abiotic stresses. PLANTA 2014; 239:1187-200. [PMID: 24573225 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The process of selection and validation of reference genes is the first step in studies of gene expression by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The genome of lettuce, the most popular leaf vegetable cultivated worldwide, has recently been sequenced; therefore, suitable reference genes for reliable results in RT-qPCR analyses are required. In the present study, 17 candidate reference genes were selected, and their expression stability in lettuce leaves under drought, salt, heavy metal, and UV-C irradiation conditions and under the application of abscisic acid (ABA) was evaluated using geNorm and NormFinder software. The candidate reference genes included protein-coding traditional and novel reference genes and microRNAs (miRNAs). The results indicate that the expression stability is dependent on the experimental conditions. The novel protein-coding reference genes were more suitable than the traditional reference genes under drought, UV-C irradiation, and heavy metal conditions and under the application of ABA. Only under salinity conditions were the traditional protein-coding reference genes more stable than the novel genes. In addition, the miRNAs, mainly MIR169, MIR171/170 and MIR172, were stably expressed under the abiotic stresses evaluated, representing a suitable alternative approach for gene expression data normalization. The expression of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) was used to further confirm the validated protein-coding reference genes, and the expression of MIR172 and MIR398 was used to confirm the validated miRNA genes, showing that the use of an inappropriate reference gene induces erroneous results. This work is the first survey of the stability of reference genes in lettuce and provides guidelines to obtain more accurate RT-qPCR results in lettuce studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Moura Borowski
- Embrapa Clima Temperado, Rodovia BR 396, Km 78, Caixa Postal 403, Pelotas, RS, CEP 96001-970, Brazil
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Graeff RM, Lee HC. Determination of ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity, cyclic ADP-ribose, and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate in tissue extracts. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1016:39-56. [PMID: 23681571 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-441-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) is a novel second messenger that releases calcium from intracellular stores. Although first shown to release calcium in the sea urchin egg, cADPR has been shown since to be active in a variety of cells and tissues, from plant to human. cADPR stimulates calcium release via ryanodine receptors although the mechanism is still not completely understood. cADPR is produced enzymatically from NAD by ADP-ribosyl cyclases; several of these proteins have been identified including one isolated from Aplysia californica, two types found in mammals (CD38 and CD157), and three forms in sea urchin. A cyclase activity has been measured in extracts from Arabidopsis thaliana although the protein is still unidentified. Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) is another novel messenger that releases calcium from internal stores and is produced by these same enzymes by an exchange reaction. NAADP targets lysosomal stores whereas cADPR releases calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum. Due to their importance in cell signaling, cADPR and NAADP have been the focus of numerous investigations over the last 25 years. This chapter describes several assay methods for the measurements of cADPR and NAADP concentration and cyclase activity in extracts from cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Graeff
- Department of Physiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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44
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Schönknecht G. Calcium Signals from the Vacuole. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2013; 2:589-614. [PMID: 27137394 PMCID: PMC4844392 DOI: 10.3390/plants2040589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The vacuole is by far the largest intracellular Ca(2+) store in most plant cells. Here, the current knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of vacuolar Ca(2+) release and Ca(2+) uptake is summarized, and how different vacuolar Ca(2+) channels and Ca(2+) pumps may contribute to Ca(2+) signaling in plant cells is discussed. To provide a phylogenetic perspective, the distribution of potential vacuolar Ca(2+) transporters is compared for different clades of photosynthetic eukaryotes. There are several candidates for vacuolar Ca(2+) channels that could elicit cytosolic [Ca(2+)] transients. Typical second messengers, such as InsP₃ and cADPR, seem to trigger vacuolar Ca(2+) release, but the molecular mechanism of this Ca(2+) release still awaits elucidation. Some vacuolar Ca(2+) channels have been identified on a molecular level, the voltage-dependent SV/TPC1 channel, and recently two cyclic-nucleotide-gated cation channels. However, their function in Ca(2+) signaling still has to be demonstrated. Ca(2+) pumps in addition to establishing long-term Ca(2+) homeostasis can shape cytosolic [Ca(2+)] transients by limiting their amplitude and duration, and may thus affect Ca(2+) signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Schönknecht
- Department of Botany, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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Roychoudhury A, Paul S, Basu S. Cross-talk between abscisic acid-dependent and abscisic acid-independent pathways during abiotic stress. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2013; 32:985-1006. [PMID: 23508256 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-013-1414-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Salinity, drought and low temperature are the common forms of abiotic stress encountered by land plants. To cope with these adverse environmental factors, plants execute several physiological and metabolic responses. Both osmotic stress (elicited by water deficit or high salt) and cold stress increase the endogenous level of the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA). ABA-dependent stomatal closure to reduce water loss is associated with small signaling molecules like nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species and cytosolic free calcium, and mediated by rapidly altering ion fluxes in guard cells. ABA also triggers the expression of osmotic stress-responsive (OR) genes, which usually contain single/multiple copies of cis-acting sequence called abscisic acid-responsive element (ABRE) in their upstream regions, mostly recognized by the basic leucine zipper-transcription factors (TFs), namely, ABA-responsive element-binding protein/ABA-binding factor. Another conserved sequence called the dehydration-responsive element (DRE)/C-repeat, responding to cold or osmotic stress, but not to ABA, occurs in some OR promoters, to which the DRE-binding protein/C-repeat-binding factor binds. In contrast, there are genes or TFs containing both DRE/CRT and ABRE, which can integrate input stimuli from salinity, drought, cold and ABA signaling pathways, thereby enabling cross-tolerance to multiple stresses. A strong candidate that mediates such cross-talk is calcium, which serves as a common second messenger for abiotic stress conditions and ABA. The present review highlights the involvement of both ABA-dependent and ABA-independent signaling components and their interaction or convergence in activating the stress genes. We restrict our discussion to salinity, drought and cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryadeep Roychoudhury
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College Autonomous, 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata 700016, West Bengal, India.
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Li PL, Zhang Y, Abais JM, Ritter JK, Zhang F. Cyclic ADP-Ribose and NAADP in Vascular Regulation and Diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 2:63-85. [PMID: 24749015 DOI: 10.1166/msr.2013.1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP), two intracellular Ca2+ mobilizing second messengers, have been recognized as a fundamental signaling mechanism regulating a variety of cell or organ functions in different biological systems. Here we reviewed the literature regarding these ADP-ribosylcyclase products in vascular cells with a major focus on their production, physiological roles, and related underlying mechanisms mediating their actions. In particular, several hot topics in this area of research are comprehensively discussed, which may help understand some of the controversial evidence provided by different studies. For example, some new models are emerging for the agonist receptor coupling of CD38 or ADP-ribosylcyclase and for the formation of an acidic microenvironment to facilitate the production of NAADP in vascular cells. We also summarized the evidence regarding the NAADP-mediated two-phase Ca2+ release with a slow Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR) and corresponding physiological relevance. The possibility of a permanent structural space between lysosomes and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), as well as the critical role of lysosome trafficking in phase 2 Ca2+ release in response to some agonists are also explored. With respect to the molecular targets of NAADP within cells, several possible candidates including SR ryanodine receptors (RyRs), lysosomal transient receptor potential-mucolipin 1 (TRP-ML1) and two pore channels (TPCs) are presented with supporting and opposing evidence. Finally, the possible role of NAADP-mediated regulation of lysosome function in autophagy and atherogenesis is discussed, which may indicate a new direction for further studies on the pathological roles of cADPR and NAADP in the vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA 23298, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA 23298, USA
| | - Justine M Abais
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA 23298, USA
| | - Joseph K Ritter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA 23298, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA 23298, USA
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Du ZY, Chen MX, Chen QF, Xiao S, Chye ML. Arabidopsis acyl-CoA-binding protein ACBP1 participates in the regulation of seed germination and seedling development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 74:294-309. [PMID: 23448237 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A family of six genes encoding acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs), ACBP1-ACBP6, has been characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, we demonstrate that ACBP1 promotes abscisic acid (ABA) signaling during germination and seedling development. ACBP1 was induced by ABA, and transgenic Arabidopsis ACBP1-over-expressors showed increased sensitivity to ABA during germination and seedling development, whereas the acbp1 mutant showed decreased ABA sensitivity during these processes. Subsequent RNA assays showed that ACBP1 over-production in 12-day-old seedlings up-regulated the expression of PHOSPHOLIPASE Dα1 (PLDα1) and three ABA/stress-responsive genes: ABA-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING PROTEIN1 (AREB1), RESPONSE TO DESICCATION29A (RD29A) and bHLH-TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR MYC2 (MYC2). The expression of AREB1 and PLDα1 was suppressed in the acbp1 mutant in comparison with the wild type following ABA treatment. PLDα1 has been reported to promote ABA signal transduction by producing phosphatidic acid, an important lipid messenger in ABA signaling. Using lipid profiling, seeds and 12-day-old seedlings of ACBP1-over-expressing lines were shown to accumulate more phosphatidic acid after ABA treatment, in contrast to lower phosphatidic acid in the acbp1 mutant. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays indicated that ACBP1 interacts with PLDα1 at the plasma membrane. Their interaction was further confirmed by yeast two-hybrid analysis. As recombinant ACBP1 binds phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylcholine, ACBP1 probably promotes PLDα1 action. Taken together, these results suggest that ACBP1 participates in ABA-mediated seed germination and seedling development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yan Du
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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48
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Lu Y, Chen X, Wu Y, Wang Y, He Y, Wu Y. Directly transforming PCR-amplified DNA fragments into plant cells is a versatile system that facilitates the transient expression assay. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57171. [PMID: 23468926 PMCID: PMC3582559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A circular plasmid containing a gene coding sequence has been broadly used for studying gene regulation in cells. However, to accommodate a quick screen plasmid construction and preparation can be time consuming. Here we report a PCR amplified dsDNA fragments (PCR-fragments) based transient expression system (PCR-TES) for suiting in the study of gene regulation in plant cells. Instead of transforming plasmids into plant cells, transient expression of PCR-fragments can be applicable. The transformation efficiency and expression property of PCR-fragments are comparable to transformation using plasmids. We analyzed the transformation efficiency in PCR-TES at transcription and protein levels. Our results indicate that the PCR-TES is as versatile as the conventional transformation system using plasmid DNA. Through reconstituting PYR1-mediated ABA signaling pathway in Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts, we were not only validating the practicality of PCR-TES but also screening potential candidates of CDPK family members which might be involved in the ABA signaling. Moreover, we determined that phosphorylation of ABF2 by CPK4 could be mediated by ABA-induced PYR1 and ABI1, demonstrating a crucial role of CDPKs in the ABA signaling. In summary, PCR-TES can be applicable to facilitate analyzing gene regulation and for the screen of putative regulatory molecules at the high throughput level in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuqing He
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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DU ZY, Chen MX, Chen QF, Xiao S, Chye ML. Overexpression of Arabidopsis acyl-CoA-binding protein ACBP2 enhances drought tolerance. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2013; 36:300-14. [PMID: 22788984 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2012.02574.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana acyl-CoA-binding protein 2 (ACBP2) is a stress-responsive protein that is also important in embryogenesis. Here, we assign a role for ACBP2 in abscisic acid (ABA) signalling during seed germination, seedling development and the drought response. ACBP2 was induced by ABA and drought, and transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing ACBP2 (ACBP2-OXs) showed increased sensitivity to ABA treatment during germination and seedling development. ACBP2-OXs also displayed improved drought tolerance and ABA-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in guard cells, thereby promoting stomatal closure, reducing water loss and enhancing drought tolerance. In contrast, acbp2 mutant plants showed decreased sensitivity to ABA in root development and were more sensitive to drought stress. RNA analyses revealed that ACBP2 overexpression up-regulated the expression of Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homolog D (AtrbohD) and AtrbohF, two NAD(P)H oxidases essential for ABA-mediated ROS production, whereas the expression of Hypersensitive to ABA1 (HAB1), an important negative regulator in ABA signalling, was down-regulated. In addition, transgenic plants expressing ACBP2pro:GUS showed beta-glucuronidase (GUS) staining in guard cells, confirming a role for ACBP2 at the stomata. These observations support a positive role for ACBP2 in promoting ABA signalling in germination, seedling development and the drought response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yan DU
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Kusakina J, Dodd AN. Phosphorylation in the plant circadian system. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2012; 17:575-83. [PMID: 22784827 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Circadian regulation is essential for optimum plant performance. In addition to loops and cascades of transcription and translation, the plant circadian clock and its associated signal transduction networks incorporate many post-translational mechanisms. Phosphorylation is a common feature of signal transduction and gene regulation. In this opinion article, we illustrate how phosphorylation events are positioned within the entrainment, functioning, and regulation of the circadian timing system. Phosphorylation regulates protein stability, protein-protein interactions and protein-DNA interactions within the core oscillator. We suggest that phosphorylation provides a potential mechanism for the distribution of circadian timing information within the cell and for the integration of circadian timing information with other signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Kusakina
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
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