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Tinsley SL, Shelley RA, Mall GK, Chianis ERD, Dhiman A, Baral G, Kothandaraman H, Thoma MC, Daniel CJ, Lanman NA, di Magliano MP, Narla G, Solorio L, Dykhuizen EC, Sears RC, Allen-Petersen BL. KRAS-mediated upregulation of CIP2A promotes suppression of PP2A-B56α to initiate pancreatic cancer development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.07.01.547283. [PMID: 38826439 PMCID: PMC11142131 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.01.547283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Oncogenic mutations in KRAS are present in approximately 95% of patients diagnosed with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and are considered the initiating event of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) precursor lesions. While it is well established that KRAS mutations drive the activation of oncogenic kinase cascades during pancreatic oncogenesis, the effects of oncogenic KRAS signaling on regulation of phosphatases during this process is not fully appreciated. Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) has been implicated in suppressing KRAS-driven cellular transformation. However, low PP2A activity is observed in PDAC cells compared to non-transformed cells, suggesting that suppression of PP2A activity is an important step in the overall development of PDAC. In the current study, we demonstrate that KRASG12D induces the expression of both an endogenous inhibitor of PP2A activity, Cancerous Inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A), and the PP2A substrate, c-MYC. Consistent with these findings, KRASG12D sequestered the specific PP2A subunit responsible for c-MYC degradation, B56α, away from the active PP2A holoenzyme in a CIP2A-dependent manner. During PDAC initiation in vivo, knockout of B56α promoted KRASG12D tumorigenesis by accelerating acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) and the formation of PanIN lesions. The process of ADM was attenuated ex vivo in response to pharmacological re-activation of PP2A utilizing direct small molecule activators of PP2A (SMAPs). Together, our results suggest that suppression of PP2A-B56α through KRAS signaling can promote the MYC-driven initiation of pancreatic tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L. Tinsley
- Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Program (PULSe), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Rebecca A. Shelley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Gaganpreet K. Mall
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | | | - Alisha Dhiman
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Garima Baral
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Harish Kothandaraman
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Mary C. Thoma
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Colin J. Daniel
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Nadia Atallah Lanman
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Goutham Narla
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Luis Solorio
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Emily C. Dykhuizen
- Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Program (PULSe), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Rosalie C. Sears
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Brittany L. Allen-Petersen
- Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Program (PULSe), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Kelson CO, Zaytseva YY. Altered lipid metabolism in APC-driven colorectal cancer: the potential for therapeutic intervention. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1343061. [PMID: 38590663 PMCID: PMC10999677 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1343061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Altered lipid metabolism is a well-recognized feature of solid cancers, including colorectal cancer. In colorectal cancer, upregulation of lipid metabolism contributes to initiation, progression, and metastasis; thus, aberrant lipid metabolism contributes to a poor patient outcome. The inactivating mutation of APC, a vital tumor suppressor in the Wnt signaling pathway, is a key event that occurs early in the majority of colorectal cancer cases. The potential crosstalk between lipid metabolism and APC-driven colorectal cancer is poorly understood. This review collectively highlights and summarizes the limited understanding between mutations in APC and the upregulation of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling and lipid metabolism. The interconnection between APC inactivation and aberrant lipid metabolism activates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling which causes transcriptome, epigenetic, and microbiome changes to promote colorectal cancer initiation and progression. Furthermore, the downstream effects of this collaborative effort between aberrant Wnt/beta-catenin signaling and lipid metabolism are enhanced stemness, cellular proliferation, prooncogenic signaling, and survival. Understanding the mechanistic link between APC inactivation and alterations in lipid metabolism may foster identification of new therapeutic targets to enable development of more efficacious strategies for prevention and/or treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney O. Kelson
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Yekaterina Y. Zaytseva
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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Guo M, Li Z, Gu M, Gu J, You Q, Wang L. Targeting phosphatases: From molecule design to clinical trials. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:116031. [PMID: 38101039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatase is a kind of enzyme that can dephosphorylate target proteins, which can be divided into serine/threonine phosphatase and tyrosine phosphatase according to its mode of action. Current evidence showed multiple phosphatases were highly correlated with diseases including various cancers, demonstrating them as potential targets. However, currently, targeting phosphatases with small molecules faces many challenges, resulting in no drug approved. In this case, phosphatases are even regarded as "undruggable" targets for a long time. Recently, a variety of strategies have been adopted in the design of small molecule inhibitors targeting phosphatases, leading many of them to enter into the clinical trials. In this review, we classified these inhibitors into 4 types, including (1) molecular glues, (2) small molecules targeting catalytic sites, (3) allosteric inhibition, and (4) bifunctional molecules (proteolysis targeting chimeras, PROTACs). These molecules with diverse strategies prove the feasibility of phosphatases as drug targets. In addition, the combination therapy of phosphatase inhibitors with other drugs has also entered clinical trials, which suggests a broad prospect. Thus, targeting phosphatases with small molecules by different strategies is emerging as a promising way in the modulation of pathogenetic phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mochen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zekun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Mingxiao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Junrui Gu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qidong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Anand AA, Khan M, V M, Kar D. The Molecular Basis of Wnt/ β-Catenin Signaling Pathways in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Cell Biol 2023; 2023:9296092. [PMID: 37780577 PMCID: PMC10539095 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9296092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Defective Wnt signaling is found to be associated with various neurodegenerative diseases. In the canonical pathway, the Frizzled receptor (Fzd) and the lipoprotein receptor-related proteins 5/6 (LRP5/LRP6) create a seven-pass transmembrane receptor complex to which the Wnt ligands bind. This interaction causes the tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli gene product (APC), casein kinase 1 (CK1), and GSK-3β (glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta) to be recruited by the scaffold protein Dishevelled (Dvl), which in turn deactivates the β-catenin destruction complex. This inactivation stops the destruction complex from phosphorylating β-catenin. As a result, β-catenin first builds up in the cytoplasm and then migrates into the nucleus, where it binds to the Lef/Tcf transcription factor to activate the transcription of more than 50 Wnt target genes, including those involved in cell growth, survival, differentiation, neurogenesis, and inflammation. The treatments that are currently available for neurodegenerative illnesses are most commonly not curative in nature but are only symptomatic. According to all available research, restoring Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the brains of patients with neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, would improve the condition of several patients with neurological disorders. The importance of Wnt activators and modulators in patients with such illnesses is to mainly restore rather than overstimulate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling, thereby reestablishing the equilibrium between Wnt-OFF and Wnt-ON states. In this review, we have tried to summarize the significance of the Wnt canonical pathway in the pathophysiology of certain neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, and other similar diseases, and as to how can it be restored in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Anurag Anand
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad 211012, India
| | - Misbah Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru 560054, India
| | - Monica V
- Department of Biotechnology, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru 560054, India
| | - Debasish Kar
- Department of Biotechnology, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru 560054, India
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Zhang Q, Feng X, Zhang M, Sun W, Zhai Y, Qing S, Liu Y, Zhao H, Sun J, Zhang Y, Ma C. Clinical plasma cells-related genes to aid therapy in colon cancer. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:430. [PMID: 37528394 PMCID: PMC10391883 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09481-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of colon cancer (CC) has been associated with extensive immune cell infiltration (IMI). Increasing evidence demonstrated that plasma cells (PC) have an extremely important role in advance of antitumor immunity. Nonetheless, there is a lack of comprehensive analyses of PC infiltration in clinical prognosis and immunotherapy in CC. This study systematically addressed the gene expression model and clinical information of CC patients. Clinical samples were obtained from the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) databases. Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), GSVA, and the MAlignant Tumors using Expression data (ESTIMATE) algorithm were employed to research the potential mechanism and pathways. Immunophenoscore (IPS) was obtained to evaluate the immunotherapeutic significance of risk score. Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of chemotherapeutic medicine was predicted by employing the pRRophetic algorithm. A total of 513 CC samples (including 472 tumor samples and 41 normal samples) were collected from the TCGA-GDC database. Significant black modules and 313 candidate genes were considered PC-related genes by accessing WGCNA. Five pivotal genes were established through multiple analyses, which revealed excellent prognostic. The underlying correlation between risk score with tumor mutation burden (TMB) was further explored. In addition, the risk score was obviously correlated with various tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Also, risk CC samples showed various signaling pathways activity and different pivotal sensitivities to administering chemotherapy. Finally, the biological roles of the CD177 gene were uncovered in CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Zhuzhou Orthopaedic Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, 412000, China
| | - Xiao Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Xi'an Daxing Hospital, Xian, 710000, China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yuqing Zhai
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Shuangshuang Qing
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Haoran Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Chaoqun Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Hu W, Shen J, Tao Y, Dong D, Lu S, Li L, Sun D, Fan M, Xu C, Shen W, Yu C, Cheng H. CCDC85C suppresses colorectal cancer cells proliferation and metastasis through activating GSK-3β and promoting β-catenin degradation. Cell Signal 2023:110799. [PMID: 37433398 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Coiled-coil domain-containing 85C (CCDC85C) is a member of the DIPA family and contains a pair of conserved coiled-coil motifs, which was found to be related to a therapeutic target for colorectal cancer, however, its biological effects require further elucidation. This study aimed to determine the effect of CCDC85C on Colorectal Cancer (CRC) progression and to explore the related mechanism. pLV-PURO plasmid was used to construct CCDC85C-overexpressing cells while CRISPR-CasRx was used to construct CCDC85C knockdown cells. Effects of CCDC85C on cell proliferation, cycle and migration were examined using cell counting kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, wound healing assay and transwell assay. Immunofluorescence staining, immunoprecipitation, Western blot, co-immunoprecipitation and qPCR were performed to explore the mechanism. The overexpression of CCDC85C inhibited the proliferation and migration of HCT-116 and RKO cells in vitro and in vivo, but its knockdown promoted the proliferation of HCT-116 and RKO cells in vitro. Moreover, co-immunoprecipitation experiment confirmed that CCDC85C binding with GSK-3β in RKO cells. Excess CCDC85C promoted phosphorylation and ubiquitination of β-catenin. Our results suggested that CCDC85C binds to GSK-3β to promote its activity and facilitates ubiquitination of β-catenin. β-catenin degradation is responsible for the inhibitory effect of CCDC85C on CRC cell proliferation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Hu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155, Hanzhong Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Institute of Literature in Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu Tao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155, Hanzhong Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dan Dong
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155, Hanzhong Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sicheng Lu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155, Hanzhong Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liu Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155, Hanzhong Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dongdong Sun
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155, Hanzhong Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Minmin Fan
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155, Hanzhong Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Changliang Xu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155, Hanzhong Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weixing Shen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155, Hanzhong Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Chengtao Yu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155, Hanzhong Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Haibo Cheng
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155, Hanzhong Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Fu Y, Jia X, Yuan J, Yang Y, Zhang T, Yu Q, Zhou J, Wang T. Fam72a functions as a cell-cycle-controlled gene during proliferation and antagonizes apoptosis through reprogramming PP2A substrates. Dev Cell 2023; 58:398-415.e7. [PMID: 36868233 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
The cell cycle is key to life. After decades of research, it is unclear whether any parts of this process have yet to be identified. Fam72a is a poorly characterized gene and is evolutionarily conserved across multicellular organisms. Here, we have found that Fam72a is a cell-cycle-regulated gene that is transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally regulated by FoxM1 and APC/C, respectively. Functionally, Fam72a directly binds to tubulin and both the Aα and B56 subunits of PP2A-B56 to modulate tubulin and Mcl1 phosphorylation, which in turn affects the progression of the cell cycle and signaling of apoptosis. Moreover, Fam72a is involved in early responses to chemotherapy, and it efficiently antagonizes various anticancer compounds such as CDK and Bcl2 inhibitors. Thus, Fam72a switches the tumor-suppressive PP2A to be oncogenic by reprogramming its substrates. These findings identify a regulatory axis of PP2A and a protein member in the cell cycle and tumorigenesis regulatory network in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Xiaofan Jia
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jinwei Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yuting Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Qiujing Yu
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
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Murtaza N, Cheng AA, Brown CO, Meka DP, Hong S, Uy JA, El-Hajjar J, Pipko N, Unda BK, Schwanke B, Xing S, Thiruvahindrapuram B, Engchuan W, Trost B, Deneault E, Calderon de Anda F, Doble BW, Ellis J, Anagnostou E, Bader GD, Scherer SW, Lu Y, Singh KK. Neuron-specific protein network mapping of autism risk genes identifies shared biological mechanisms and disease-relevant pathologies. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111678. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Chen LJ, Wu L, Wang W, Zhai LL, Xiang F, Li WB, Tang ZG. Long non‑coding RNA 01614 hyperactivates WNT/β‑catenin signaling to promote pancreatic cancer progression by suppressing GSK‑3β. Int J Oncol 2022; 61:116. [PMID: 35929518 PMCID: PMC9387559 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a lethal type of cancer for which effective therapies are limited. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent a critical type of regulator category, mediating the tumorigenesis and development of various tumor types, including PC. However, the expression patterns and functions of numerous lncRNAs in PC remain poorly understood. In the present study, linc01614 was identified as a PC-related lncRNA. linc01614 was notably upregulated in PC tissues and cell lines and was associated with the poor disease-free survival of patients with PC according to the analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas-derived datasets. Functionally, linc01614 knockdown suppressed PC cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro, and inhibited tumor proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, linc01614 overexpression stabilized the level of β-catenin protein to hyperactivate the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway in PC cells. Further analyses revealed that linc01614 bound to GSK-3β and perturbed the interaction between GSK-3β and AXIN1, thereby preventing the formation of the β-catenin degradation complex and reducing the degradation of β-catenin. In summary, the present findings reveal that linc01614 may function as an oncogene and promote the progression of PC and may thus be considered as a potential therapeutic target in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Jiang Chen
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Lun Wu
- Department of Breast and Τhyroid Surgery, Experiment Center of Medicine, Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442008, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Lu-Lu Zhai
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Feng Xiang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Bo Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Tang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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10
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Dyson JJ, Abbasi F, Varadkar P, McCright B. Growth arrest of PPP2R5C and PPP2R5D double knockout mice indicates a genetic interaction and conserved function for these PP2A B subunits. FASEB Bioadv 2022; 4:273-282. [PMID: 35415460 PMCID: PMC8984082 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2021-00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a heterotrimeric phosphatase that controls a wide range of cellular functions. The catalytic activity and intracellular location of PP2A are modulated by its association with regulatory B subunits, including B56 proteins, which are encoded by five separate genes in humans and mice. The specific effects of each B56 protein on PP2A activity and function are largely unknown. As part of an effort to identify specific PP2A-B56 functions, we created knockout strains of B56β, B56δ, and B56ε using CRISPR/Cas9n. We found that none of the individual B56 genes are essential for mouse survival. However, mice that have both B56δ and B56γ inactivated (B56δγ-), arrest fetal development around Day E12. The hearts of B56δγ- mice have a single outflow vessel rather than having both an aorta and a pulmonary artery. Thus, there appears to be strong genetic interaction between B56δ and B56γ, and together they are necessary for heart development. Of note, both these proteins have been shown to localize to the nucleus and have the most related peptide sequences of the B56 family members. Our results suggest there are B56 subfamilies, which work in conjunction to regulate specific PP2A functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade J. Dyson
- FDACenter for Biologics Evaluation and ResearchSilver SpringMarylandUSA
| | - Fatima Abbasi
- FDACenter for Biologics Evaluation and ResearchSilver SpringMarylandUSA
| | - Prajakta Varadkar
- FDACenter for Biologics Evaluation and ResearchSilver SpringMarylandUSA
| | - Brent McCright
- FDACenter for Biologics Evaluation and ResearchSilver SpringMarylandUSA
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11
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Cancer stem cell phosphatases. Biochem J 2021; 478:2899-2920. [PMID: 34319405 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are involved in the initiation and progression of human malignancies by enabling cancer tissue self-renewal capacity and constituting the therapy-resistant population of tumor cells. However, despite the exhausting characterization of CSC genetics, epigenetics, and kinase signaling, eradication of CSCs remains an unattainable goal in most human malignancies. While phosphatases contribute equally with kinases to cellular phosphoregulation, our understanding of phosphatases in CSCs lags severely behind our knowledge about other CSC signaling mechanisms. Many cancer-relevant phosphatases have recently become druggable, indicating that further understanding of the CSC phosphatases might provide novel therapeutic opportunities. This review summarizes the current knowledge about fundamental, but yet poorly understood involvement of phosphatases in the regulation of major CSC signaling pathways. We also review the functional roles of phosphatases in CSC self-renewal, cancer progression, and therapy resistance; focusing particularly on hematological cancers and glioblastoma. We further discuss the small molecule targeting of CSC phosphatases and their therapeutic potential in cancer combination therapies.
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12
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Li MY, Fan LN, Han DH, Yu Z, Ma J, Liu YX, Li PF, Zhao DH, Chai J, Jiang L, Li SL, Xiao JJ, Duan QH, Ye J, Shi M, Nie YZ, Wu KC, Liao DJ, Shi Y, Wang Y, Yan QG, Guo SP, Bian XW, Zhu F, Zhang J, Wang Z. Ribosomal S6 protein kinase 4 promotes radioresistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:4301-4319. [PMID: 32396532 DOI: 10.1172/jci134930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most aggressive cancers and is highly resistant to current treatments. ESCC harbors a subpopulation of cells exhibiting cancer stem-like cell (CSC) properties that contribute to therapeutic resistance including radioresistance, but the molecular mechanisms in ESCC CSCs are currently unknown. Here, we report that ribosomal S6 protein kinase 4 (RSK4) plays a pivotal role in promoting CSC properties and radioresistance in ESCC. RSK4 was highly expressed in ESCC CSCs and associated with radioresistance and poor survival in patients with ESCC. RSK4 was found to be a direct downstream transcriptional target of ΔNp63α, the main p63 isoform, which is frequently amplified in ESCC. RSK4 activated the β-catenin signaling pathway through direct phosphorylation of GSK-3β at Ser9. Pharmacologic inhibition of RSK4 effectively reduced CSC properties and improved radiosensitivity in both nude mouse and patient-derived xenograft models. Collectively, our results strongly suggest that the ΔNp63α/RSK4/GSK-3β axis plays a key role in driving CSC properties and radioresistance in ESCC, indicating that RSK4 is a promising therapeutic target for ESCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin-Ni Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dong-Hui Han
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhou Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi-Xiong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pei-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan-Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Liang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan-Juan Xiao
- Cancer Research Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Duan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mei Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology and
| | - Yong-Zhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai-Chun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dezhong Joshua Liao
- Department of Pathology, Second Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing-Guo Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuang-Ping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiu-Wu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Cancer Research Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, and.,Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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13
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Papke CM, Smolen KA, Swingle MR, Cressey L, Heng RA, Toporsian M, Deng L, Hagen J, Shen Y, Chung WK, Kettenbach AN, Honkanen RE. A disorder-related variant (E420K) of a PP2A-regulatory subunit (PPP2R5D) causes constitutively active AKT-mTOR signaling and uncoordinated cell growth. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100313. [PMID: 33482199 PMCID: PMC7952134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional genomic approaches have facilitated the discovery of rare genetic disorders and improved efforts to decipher their underlying etiology. PPP2R5D-related disorder is an early childhood onset condition characterized by intellectual disability, hypotonia, autism-spectrum disorder, macrocephaly, and dysmorphic features. The disorder is caused by de novo single nucleotide changes in PPP2R5D, which generate heterozygous dominant missense variants. PPP2R5D is known to encode a B'-type (B'56δ) regulatory subunit of a PP2A-serine/threonine phosphatase. To help elucidate the molecular mechanisms altered in PPP2R5D-related disorder, we used a CRISPR-single-base editor to generate HEK-293 cells in which a single transition (c.1258G>A) was introduced into one allele, precisely recapitulating a clinically relevant E420K variant. Unbiased quantitative proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses of endogenously expressed proteins revealed heterozygous-dominant changes in kinase/phosphatase signaling. These data combined with orthogonal validation studies revealed a previously unrecognized interaction of PPP2R5D with AKT in human cells, leading to constitutively active AKT-mTOR signaling, increased cell size, and uncoordinated cellular growth in E420K-variant cells. Rapamycin reduced cell size and dose-dependently reduced RPS6 phosphorylation in E420K-variant cells, suggesting that inhibition of mTOR1 can suppress both the observed RPS6 hyperphosphorylation and increased cell size. Together, our findings provide a deeper understanding of PPP2R5D and insight into how the E420K-variant alters signaling networks influenced by PPP2R5D. Our comprehensive approach, which combines precise genome editing, isobaric tandem mass tag labeling of peptides generated from endogenously expressed proteins, and concurrent liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS3), also provides a roadmap that can be used to rapidly explore the etiologies of additional genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinta M Papke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Kali A Smolen
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA; Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Mark R Swingle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Lauren Cressey
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA; Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Richard A Heng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Mourad Toporsian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Liyong Deng
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jacob Hagen
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Arminja N Kettenbach
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA; Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA.
| | - Richard E Honkanen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.
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14
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Xu X, Zhang M, Xu F, Jiang S. Wnt signaling in breast cancer: biological mechanisms, challenges and opportunities. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:165. [PMID: 33234169 PMCID: PMC7686704 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01276-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling is a highly conserved signaling pathway that plays a critical role in controlling embryonic and organ development, as well as cancer progression. Genome-wide sequencing and gene expression profile analyses have demonstrated that Wnt signaling is involved mainly in the processes of breast cancer proliferation and metastasis. The most recent studies have indicated that Wnt signaling is also crucial in breast cancer immune microenvironment regulation, stemness maintenance, therapeutic resistance, phenotype shaping, etc. Wnt/β-Catenin, Wnt-planar cell polarity (PCP), and Wnt-Ca2+ signaling are three well-established Wnt signaling pathways that share overlapping components and play different roles in breast cancer progression. In this review, we summarize the main findings concerning the relationship between Wnt signaling and breast cancer and provide an overview of existing mechanisms, challenges, and potential opportunities for advancing the therapy and diagnosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufang Xu
- School of Medical Imaging, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang China
| | - Miaofeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China
| | - Faying Xu
- School of Medical Imaging, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang China
| | - Shaojie Jiang
- School of Medical Imaging, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang China
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15
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BUBR1 Pseudokinase Domain Promotes Kinetochore PP2A-B56 Recruitment, Spindle Checkpoint Silencing, and Chromosome Alignment. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108397. [PMID: 33207204 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance of phospho-signaling at the outer kinetochore is critical for forming accurate attachments between kinetochores and the mitotic spindle and timely exit from mitosis. A major player in determining this balance is the PP2A-B56 phosphatase, which is recruited to the kinase attachment regulatory domain (KARD) of budding uninhibited by benzimidazole 1-related 1 (BUBR1) in a phospho-dependent manner. This unleashes a rapid, switch-like phosphatase relay that reverses mitotic phosphorylation at the kinetochore, extinguishing the checkpoint and promoting anaphase. Here, we demonstrate that the C-terminal pseudokinase domain of human BUBR1 is required to promote KARD phosphorylation. Mutation or removal of the pseudokinase domain results in decreased PP2A-B56 recruitment to the outer kinetochore attenuated checkpoint silencing and errors in chromosome alignment as a result of imbalance in Aurora B activity. Our data, therefore, elucidate a function for the BUBR1 pseudokinase domain in ensuring accurate and timely exit from mitosis.
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16
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Hebert L, Hillman P, Baker C, Brown M, Ashley-Koch A, Hixson JE, Morrison AC, Northrup H, Au KS. Burden of rare deleterious variants in WNT signaling genes among 511 myelomeningocele patients. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239083. [PMID: 32970752 PMCID: PMC7514064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes in the noncanonical WNT signaling pathway controlling planar cell polarity have been linked to the neural tube defect myelomeningocele. We hypothesized that some genes in the WNT signaling network have a higher mutational burden in myelomeningocele subjects than in reference subjects in gnomAD. Exome sequencing data from 511 myelomeningocele subjects was obtained in-house and data from 29,940 ethnically matched subjects was provided by version 2 of the publicly available Genome Aggregation Database. To compare mutational burden, we collapsed rare deleterious variants across each of 523 human WNT signaling genes in case and reference populations. Ten WNT signaling genes were disrupted with a higher mutational burden among Mexican American myelomeningocele subjects compared to reference subjects (Fishers exact test, P ≤ 0.05) and seven different genes were disrupted among individuals of European ancestry compared to reference subjects. Gene ontology enrichment analyses indicate that genes disrupted only in the Mexican American population play a role in planar cell polarity whereas genes identified in both populations are important for the regulation of canonical WNT signaling. In summary, evidence for WNT signaling genes that may contribute to myelomeningocele in humans is presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Hebert
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Paul Hillman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Craig Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Michael Brown
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Allison Ashley-Koch
- Department of Medicine and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - James E. Hixson
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Alanna C. Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Hope Northrup
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Kit Sing Au
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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El-Saber Batiha G, Alqahtani A, Ilesanmi OB, Saati AA, El-Mleeh A, Hetta HF, Magdy Beshbishy A. Avermectin Derivatives, Pharmacokinetics, Therapeutic and Toxic Dosages, Mechanism of Action, and Their Biological Effects. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E196. [PMID: 32824399 PMCID: PMC7464486 DOI: 10.3390/ph13080196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Avermectins are a group of drugs that occurs naturally as a product of fermenting Streptomyces avermitilis, an actinomycetes, isolated from the soil. Eight different structures, including ivermectin, abamectin, doramectin, eprinomectin, moxidectin, and selamectin, were isolated and divided into four major components (A1a, A2a, B1a and B2a) and four minor components (A1b, A2b, B1b, and B2b). Avermectins are generally used as a pesticide for the treatment of pests and parasitic worms as a result of their anthelmintic and insecticidal properties. Additionally, they possess anticancer, anti-diabetic, antiviral, antifungal, and are used for treatment of several metabolic disorders. Avermectin generally works by preventing the transmission of electrical impulse in the muscle and nerves of invertebrates, by amplifying the glutamate effects on the invertebrates-specific gated chloride channel. Avermectin has unwanted effects or reactions, especially when administered indiscriminately, which include respiratory failure, hypotension, and coma. The current review examines the mechanism of actions, biosynthesis, safety, pharmacokinetics, biological toxicity and activities of avermectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Ali Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Omotayo B. Ilesanmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Federal University Otuoke, Otuoke 561, Nigeria;
| | - Abdullah A. Saati
- Department of Community Medicine & Pilgrims Healthcare, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah, Mecca 24382, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amany El-Mleeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin Al Kawm 32511, Egypt;
| | - Helal F. Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt;
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Amany Magdy Beshbishy
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
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18
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Dunlevy KL, Medvedeva V, Wilson JE, Hoque M, Pellegrin T, Maynard A, Kremp MM, Wasserman JS, Poleshko A, Katz RA. The PRR14 heterochromatin tether encodes modular domains that mediate and regulate nuclear lamina targeting. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs240416. [PMID: 32317397 PMCID: PMC7272351 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.240416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A large fraction of epigenetically silent heterochromatin is anchored to the nuclear periphery via 'tethering proteins' that function to bridge heterochromatin and the nuclear membrane or nuclear lamina. We previously identified a human tethering protein, PRR14, that binds heterochromatin through an N-terminal domain, but the mechanism and regulation of nuclear lamina association remained to be investigated. Here we identify an evolutionarily conserved PRR14 nuclear lamina binding domain (LBD) that is both necessary and sufficient for positioning of PRR14 at the nuclear lamina. We show that PRR14 associates dynamically with the nuclear lamina, and provide evidence that such dynamics are regulated through phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the LBD. Furthermore, we identify a PP2A phosphatase recognition motif within the evolutionarily conserved C-terminal Tantalus domain of PRR14. Disruption of this motif affects PRR14 localization to the nuclear lamina. The overall findings demonstrate a heterochromatin anchoring mechanism whereby the PRR14 tether simultaneously binds heterochromatin and the nuclear lamina through two separable modular domains. Our findings also describe an optimal PRR14 LBD fragment that could be used for efficient targeting of fusion proteins to the nuclear lamina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Dunlevy
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Valentina Medvedeva
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Jade E Wilson
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Mohammed Hoque
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Trinity Pellegrin
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Adam Maynard
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Madison M Kremp
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Jason S Wasserman
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Andrey Poleshko
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Richard A Katz
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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19
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Serafino A, Giovannini D, Rossi S, Cozzolino M. Targeting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in neurodegenerative diseases: recent approaches and current challenges. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:803-822. [PMID: 32281421 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1746266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Wnt/β-catenin signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway having a crucial role in embryonic and adult life. Specifically, the Wnt/β-catenin axis is pivotal to the development and homeostasis of the nervous system, and its dysregulation has been associated with various neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, this signaling pathway has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target against neurodegeneration. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on the role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's, Alzheimer's Diseases and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. The evidence showing that defects in the signaling might be involved in the development of these diseases, and the pharmacological approaches tested so far, are discussed. The possibilities that this pathway offers in terms of new therapeutic opportunities are also considered. EXPERT OPINION The increasing interest paid to the role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the onset of neurodegenerative diseases demonstrates how targeting this signaling for therapeutic purposes could be a great opportunity for both neuroprotection and neurorepair. Without overlooking some licit concerns about drug safety and delivery to the brain, there is growing and more convincing evidence that restoring this signaling in neurodegenerative diseases may strongly increase the chance to develop disease-modifying treatments for these brain pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalucia Serafino
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council (CNR) , Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Giovannini
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council (CNR) , Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Rossi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council (CNR) , Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Cozzolino
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council (CNR) , Rome, Italy
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20
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Wang Y, Cai H, Luo X, Ai Y, Jiang M, Wen Y. Insight into unique somitogenesis of yak (Bos grunniens) with one additional thoracic vertebra. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:201. [PMID: 32131721 PMCID: PMC7057515 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6598-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The yak is a species of livestock which is crucial for local communities of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and adjacent regions and naturally owns one more thoracic vertebra than cattle. Recently, a sub-population of yak termed as the Jinchuan yak has been identified with over half its members own a thoracolumbar vertebral formula of T15L5 instead of the natural T14L5 arrangement. The novel T15L5 positioning is a preferred genetic trait leading to enhanced meat and milk production. Selective breeding of this trait would have great agricultural value and exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying this trait would both accelerate this process and provide us insight into the development and regulation of somitogenesis. Results Here we investigated the genetic background of the Jinchuan yak through resequencing fifteen individuals, comprising five T15L5 individuals and ten T14L5 individuals with an average sequencing depth of > 10X, whose thoracolumbar vertebral formulae were confirmed by anatomical observation. Principal component analysis, linkage disequilibrium analysis, phylogenetic analysis, and selective sweep analysis were carried out to explore Jinchuan yak’s genetic background. Three hundred and thirty candidate markers were identified as associated with the additional thoracic vertebrae and target sequencing was used to validate seven carefully selected markers in an additional 51 Jinchuan yaks. The accuracies of predicting 15 thoracic vertebrae and 20 thoracolumbar vertebrae with these 7 markers were 100.00 and 33.33% despite they both could only represent 20% of all possible genetic diversity. Two genes, PPP2R2B and TBLR1, were found to harbour the most candidate markers associated with the trait and likely contribute to the unique somitic number and identity according to their reported roles in the mechanism of somitogenesis. Conclusions Our findings provide a clear depiction of the Jinchuan yak’s genetic background and a solid foundation for marker-assistant selection. Further exploitation of this unique population and trait could be promoted with the aid of our genomic resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Haoyang Cai
- Center of Growth, Metabolism, and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaolin Luo
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Ai
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Mingfeng Jiang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yongli Wen
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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21
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Therapeutic opportunities in colon cancer: Focus on phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Life Sci 2019; 230:150-161. [PMID: 31125564 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite novel technologies, colon cancer remains undiagnosed and 25% of patients are diagnosed with metastatic colon cancer. Resistant to chemotherapeutic agents is one of the major problems associated with treating colon cancer which creates the need to develop novel agents targeting towards newer targets. A phosphodiesterase is a group of isoenzyme, which, hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides and thereby lowers intracellular levels of cAMP and cGMP leading to tumorigenic effects. Many in vitro and in vivo studies have confirmed increased PDE expression in different types of cancers including colon cancer. cAMP-specific PDE inhibitors increase intracellular cAMP that leads to activation of effector molecules-cAMP-dependent protein kinase A, exchange protein activated by cAMP and cAMP gated ion channels. These molecules regulate cellular responses and exert its anticancer role through different mechanisms including apoptosis, inhibition of angiogenesis, upregulating tumor suppressor genes and suppressing oncogenes. On the other hand, cGMP specific PDE inhibitors exhibit anticancer effects through cGMP dependent protein kinase and cGMP dependent cation channels. Elevation in cGMP works through activation of caspases, suppression of Wnt/b-catenin pathway and TCF transcription leading to inhibition of CDK and survivin. These studies point out towards the fact that PDE inhibition is associated with anti-proliferative, anti-apoptotic and anti-angiogenic pathways involved in its anticancer effects in colon cancer. Thus, inhibition of PDE enzymes can be used as a novel approach to treat colon cancer. This review will focus on cAMP and cGMP signaling pathways leading to tumorigenesis and the use of PDE inhibitors in colon cancer.
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22
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Functions of the APC tumor suppressor protein dependent and independent of canonical WNT signaling: implications for therapeutic targeting. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2019; 37:159-172. [PMID: 29318445 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-017-9725-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The acquisition of biallelic mutations in the APC gene is a rate-limiting step in the development of most colorectal cancers and occurs in the earliest lesions. APC encodes a 312-kDa protein that localizes to multiple subcellular compartments and performs diverse functions. APC participates in a cytoplasmic complex that promotes the destruction of the transcriptional licensing factor β-catenin; APC mutations that abolish this function trigger constitutive activation of the canonical WNT signaling pathway, a characteristic found in almost all colorectal cancers. By negatively regulating canonical WNT signaling, APC counteracts proliferation, promotes differentiation, facilitates apoptosis, and suppresses invasion and tumor progression. APC further antagonizes canonical WNT signaling by interacting with and counteracting β-catenin in the nucleus. APC also suppresses tumor initiation and progression in the colorectal epithelium through functions that are independent of canonical WNT signaling. APC regulates the mitotic spindle to facilitate proper chromosome segregation, localizes to the cell periphery and cell protrusions to establish cell polarity and appropriate directional migration, and inhibits DNA replication by interacting directly with DNA. Mutations in APC are often frameshifts, insertions, or deletions that introduce premature stop codons and lead to the production of truncated APC proteins that lack its normal functions and possess tumorigenic properties. Therapeutic approaches in development for the treatment of APC-deficient tumors are focused on the inhibition of canonical WNT signaling, especially through targets downstream of APC in the pathway, or on the restoration of wild-type APC expression.
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23
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Schuhmacher D, Sontag JM, Sontag E. Protein Phosphatase 2A: More Than a Passenger in the Regulation of Epithelial Cell-Cell Junctions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:30. [PMID: 30895176 PMCID: PMC6414416 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell–cell adhesion plays a key role in the maintenance of the epithelial barrier and apicobasal cell polarity, which is crucial for homeostasis. Disruption of cell–cell adhesion is a hallmark of numerous pathological conditions, including invasive carcinomas. Adhesion between apposing cells is primarily regulated by three types of junctional structures: desmosomes, adherens junctions, and tight junctions. Cell junctional structures are highly regulated multiprotein complexes that also serve as signaling platforms to control epithelial cell function. The biogenesis, integrity, and stability of cell junctions is controlled by complex regulatory interactions with cytoskeletal and polarity proteins, as well as modulation of key component proteins by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation processes. Not surprisingly, many essential signaling molecules, including protein Ser/Thr phosphatase 2A (PP2A) are associated with intercellular junctions. Here, we examine how major PP2A enzymes regulate epithelial cell–cell junctions, either directly by associating with and dephosphorylating component proteins, or indirectly by affecting signaling pathways that control junctional integrity and cytoskeletal dynamics. PP2A deregulation has severe consequences on the stability and functionality of these structures, and disruption of cell–cell adhesion and cell polarity likely contribute to the link between PP2A dysfunction and human carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Schuhmacher
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Jean-Marie Sontag
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Estelle Sontag
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
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24
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Uchida E, Suwa S, Yoshimoto R, Watanabe K, Kasama T, Miura O, Fukuda T. TOPK is regulated by PP2A and BCR/ABL in leukemia and enhances cell proliferation. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1785-1796. [PMID: 30864683 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has improved with the development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), patients develop fatal blast crisis (BC) whilst receiving TKI treatment. Alternative treatments for cases resistant to TKIs are required. A serine/threonine protein kinase, T‑lymphokine‑activated killer cell‑originated protein kinase (TOPK), is highly expressed in various malignant tumors. Binding of peptides to human leukocyte antigen was assessed via mass spectrometry in K562 CML cells. TOPK expression was assessed in various CML cell lines and in clinical samples obtained from patients with CML using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot assays. It was observed that TOPK was expressed abundantly in BCR/ABL‑positive cell lines and at significantly higher levels in CML clinical samples compared with healthy donor samples. Overexpression of BCR/ABL or the presence of its inhibitor imatinib upregulated and downregulated TOPK expression, respectively, indicating that TOPK may be a target of BCR/ABL. TOPK inhibitor OTS514 suppressed proliferation of BCR/ABL‑positive cell lines and colony formation of CD34‑positive cells from patients with CML compared with lymphoma patients without bone marrow involvement. Furthermore, phosphorylation of TOPK was increased by protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibitor okadaic acid and was decreased in the presence of PP2A activator FTY720 compared with untreated samples. As constitutive BCR/ABL activity and inhibition of PP2A are key mechanisms of CML development, TOPK may be a crucial signaling molecule for this disease. Inhibition of TOPK may control disease status of CML, even in cases resistant to TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Uchida
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113‑8519, Japan
| | - Shihoko Suwa
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113‑8519, Japan
| | - Ryoto Yoshimoto
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113‑8519, Japan
| | - Ken Watanabe
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113‑8519, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kasama
- Research Center for Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113‑8519, Japan
| | - Osamu Miura
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113‑8519, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Fukuda
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113‑8519, Japan
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25
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Pedone E, Marucci L. Role of β-Catenin Activation Levels and Fluctuations in Controlling Cell Fate. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10020176. [PMID: 30823613 PMCID: PMC6410200 DOI: 10.3390/genes10020176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells have developed numerous adaptation mechanisms to external cues by controlling signaling-pathway activity, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is a highly conserved signaling pathway involved in many biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, somatic cell reprogramming, development, and cancer. The activity of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and the temporal dynamics of its effector β-catenin are tightly controlled by complex regulations. The latter encompass feedback loops within the pathway (e.g., a negative feedback loop involving Axin2, a β-catenin transcriptional target) and crosstalk interactions with other signaling pathways. Here, we provide a review shedding light on the coupling between Wnt/β-catenin activation levels and fluctuations across processes and cellular systems; in particular, we focus on development, in vitro pluripotency maintenance, and cancer. Possible mechanisms originating Wnt/β-catenin dynamic behaviors and consequently driving different cellular responses are also reviewed, and new avenues for future research are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pedone
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UB, UK.
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
| | - Lucia Marucci
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UB, UK.
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
- BrisSynBio, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK.
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26
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Elgenaidi IS, Spiers JP. Regulation of the phosphoprotein phosphatase 2A system and its modulation during oxidative stress: A potential therapeutic target? Pharmacol Ther 2019; 198:68-89. [PMID: 30797822 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoprotein phosphatases are of growing interest in the pathophysiology of many diseases and are often the neglected partner of protein kinases. One family member, PP2A, accounts for dephosphorylation of ~55-70% of all serine/threonine phosphosites. Interestingly, dysregulation of kinase signalling is a hallmark of many diseases in which an increase in oxidative stress is also noted. With this in mind, we assess the evidence to support oxidative stress-mediated regulation of the PP2A system In this article, we first present an overview of the PP2A system before providing an analysis of the regulation of PP2A by endogenous inhibitors, post translational modification, and miRNA. Next, a detailed critique of data implicating reactive oxygen species, ischaemia, ischaemia-reperfusion, and hypoxia in regulating the PP2A holoenzyme and associated regulators is presented. Finally, the pharmacological targeting of PP2A, its endogenous inhibitors, and enzymes responsible for its post-translational modification are covered. There is extensive evidence that oxidative stress modulates multiple components of the PP2A system, however, most of the data pertains to the catalytic subunit of PP2A. Irrespective of the underlying aetiology, free radical-mediated attenuation of PP2A activity is an emerging theme. However, in many instances, a dichotomy exists, which requires clarification and mechanistic insight. Nevertheless, this raises the possibility that pharmacological activation of PP2A, either through small molecule activators of PP2A or CIP2A/SET antagonists may be beneficial in modulating the cellular response to oxidative stress. A better understanding of which, will have wide ranging implications for cancer, heart disease and inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Elgenaidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - J P Spiers
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
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27
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Lahav-Ariel L, Caspi M, Nadar-Ponniah PT, Zelikson N, Hofmann I, Hanson KK, Franke WW, Sklan EH, Avraham KB, Rosin-Arbesfeld R. Striatin is a novel modulator of cell adhesion. FASEB J 2018; 33:4729-4740. [PMID: 30592649 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801882r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The adherens junctions (AJs) and tight junctions (TJs) provide critical adhesive contacts between neighboring epithelial cells and are crucial for epithelial adhesion, integrity, and barrier functions in a wide variety of tissues and organisms. The striatin protein family, which are part of the striatin interaction phosphatases and kinases complex, are multidomain scaffolding proteins that play important biologic roles. We have previously shown that striatin colocalizes with the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli in the TJs of epithelial cells. Here we show that striatin affects junction integrity and cell migration, probably through a mechanism that involves the adhesion molecule E-cadherin. Cells engaged in cell-cell adhesion expressed a high MW-modified form of striatin that forms stable associations with detergent-insoluble, membrane-bound cellular fractions. In addition, striatin has recently been suggested to be a target of the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases Tankyrase 1, and we have found that striatin interacts with Tankyrase 1 and is subsequently poly-ADP-ribosylated. Taken together, our results suggest that striatin is a novel cell-cell junctional protein that functions to maintain correct cell adhesion and may have a role in establishing the relationship between AJs and TJs that is fundamental for epithelial cell-cell adhesion.-Lahav-Ariel, L., Caspi, M., Nadar-Ponniah, P. T., Zelikson, N., Hofmann, I., Hanson, K. K., Franke, W. W., Sklan, E. H., Avraham, K. B., Rosin-Arbesfeld, R. Striatin is a novel modulator of cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lital Lahav-Ariel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Caspi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Prathamesh T Nadar-Ponniah
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Natalie Zelikson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ilse Hofmann
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, Center for Molecular Biology-German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH) Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kirsten K Hanson
- Department of Biology and South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA; and
| | - Werner W Franke
- Helmholtz Group for Cell Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ella H Sklan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Karen B Avraham
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rina Rosin-Arbesfeld
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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28
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Chen L, Guo P, Zhang H, Li W, Gao C, Huang Z, Fan J, Zhang Y, Li X, Liu X, Wang F, Wang S, Li Q, He Z, Li H, Chen S, Wu X, Ye L, Li Q, Tang H, Wang Q, Dong G, Xiao Y, Chen W, Li D. Benzene-induced mouse hematotoxicity is regulated by a protein phosphatase 2A complex that stimulates transcription of cytochrome P4502E1. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:2486-2499. [PMID: 30567741 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic benzene exposure is associated with hematotoxicity and the development of aplastic anemia and leukemia. However, the signaling pathways underlying benzene-induced hematotoxicity remain to be defined. Here, we investigated the role of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in the regulation of benzene-induced hematotoxicity in a murine model. Male mice with a hepatocyte-specific homozygous deletion of the Ppp2r1a gene (encoding PP2A Aα subunit) (HO) and matched wildtype (WT) mice were exposed to benzene via inhalation at doses of 1, 10, and 100 ppm for 28 days. Peripheral white blood cell counts and activation of bone marrow progenitors were attenuated in the HO mice, indicating that Ppp2r1a deletion protects against benzene-induced hematotoxicity. Moreover, elevation of urinary S-phenyl mercapturic acid, a benzene metabolite, was much greater in WT mice than in HO mice. Real-time exhalation analysis revealed more exhaled benzene but fewer benzene metabolites in HO mice than in WT mice, possibly because of the down-regulation of Cyp2e1, encoding cytochrome P4502E1, in hepatocytes of the HO mice. Loss-of-function screening disclosed that PP2A complexes containing the B56α subunit participate in regulating Cyp2e1 expression. Notably, PP2A-B56α suppression in HepG2 cells resulted in persistent β-catenin phosphorylation at Ser33-Ser37-Thr41 in response to CYP2E1 agonists. In parallel, nuclear translocation of β-catenin was inhibited, concomitant with a remarkable decrease of Cyp2e1 expression. These findings support the notion that a regulatory cascade comprising PP2A-B56α, β-catenin, and Cyp2e1 is involved in benzene-induced hematotoxicity, providing critical insight into the role of PP2A in responses to the environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Chen
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Ping Guo
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Wenxue Li
- the Department of Toxicology, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440
| | - Chen Gao
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Zhenlie Huang
- the Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515
| | - Junling Fan
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Yuling Zhang
- the Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, and
| | - Xue Li
- the Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, and
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Fangping Wang
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Shan Wang
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Qingye Li
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Zhini He
- the Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515
| | - Huiyao Li
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Shen Chen
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Xiaonen Wu
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Lizhu Ye
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Qiong Li
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Huanwen Tang
- the Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Qing Wang
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Guanghui Dong
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Yongmei Xiao
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Wen Chen
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Daochuan Li
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080,
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29
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Lu Y, Cao J, Napoli M, Xia Z, Zhao N, Creighton CJ, Li W, Chen X, Flores ER, McManus MT, Rosen JM. miR-205 Regulates Basal Cell Identity and Stem Cell Regenerative Potential During Mammary Reconstitution. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1875-1889. [PMID: 30267595 PMCID: PMC6379077 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mammary gland development is fueled by stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. External cues from the microenvironment coupled with internal cues such as post-transcriptional regulation exerted by microRNAs regulate stem cell behavior and fate. Here, we have identified a miR-205 regulatory network required for mammary gland ductal development and stem cell regeneration following transplantation into the cleared mammary fat pad. In the postnatal mammary gland, miR-205 is predominantly expressed in the basal/stem cell enriched population. Conditional deletion of miR-205 in mammary epithelial cells impairs stem cell self-renewal and mammary regenerative potential in the in vitro mammosphere formation assay and in vivo mammary reconstitution. miR-205 null transplants display significant changes in basal cells, basement membrane, and stroma. NKD1 and PTPA, which inhibit the Wnt signaling pathway, and AMOT, which causes YAP cytoplasmic retention and inactivation were identified as miR-205 downstream mediators. These studies also confirmed that miR-205 is a direct ΔNp63 target gene that is critical for the regulation of basal cell identity. Stem Cells 2018;36:1875-15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Graduate Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Jin Cao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Marco Napoli
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Zheng Xia
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Wei Li
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Michael T McManus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UCSF Diabetes Center and the WM Keck Center for Noncoding RNAs at UCSF, San Francisco, California
| | - Jeffrey M Rosen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Graduate Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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30
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Chen F, Zhou H, Wu C, Yan H. Identification of miRNA profiling in prediction of tumor recurrence and progress and bioinformatics analysis for patients with primary esophageal cancer: Study based on TCGA database. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:2081-2086. [PMID: 30477645 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECT This study focused on the identification of prognostic miRNAs for the prediction of tumor recurrence and progress in esophageal cancer. METHODS MiRNA profiling and clinical characteristics of esophageal cancer patients was downloaded from the TCGA database. Univariate analysis was performed to select potential prognostic miRNAs and covariates. LASSO based logistic regression was conducted to identify the prognostic miRNAs given covariates. Bioinformatics analysis including gene ontology, disease ontology and pathway enrichment analysis were performed. A nomogram was generated based on multivariate logistic regression to illustrate the association between the identified miRNAs and the risk of tumor recurrence and progress. RESULTS A total of 1881 miRNAs and 10 clinical characteristics were obtained from TCGA database. 18 miRNAs were finally identified in which 6 miRNAs were identified for the first time to be associated with the tumor recurrence and progress of esophageal cancer given covariates. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that the identified miRNAs were associated with the tumor recurrence and progress of esophageal cancer. The association between identified miRNAs and risk of tumor recurrence and progress were presented in a nomogram. CONCLUSION The 6 newly identified miRNAs may be potential biomarkers for the prediction of tumor recurrence and progress of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyao Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta Xilu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta Xilu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Chenqiuzi Wu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta Xilu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta Xilu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
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He H, Brenier-Pinchart MP, Braun L, Kraut A, Touquet B, Couté Y, Tardieux I, Hakimi MA, Bougdour A. Characterization of a Toxoplasma effector uncovers an alternative GSK3/β-catenin-regulatory pathway of inflammation. eLife 2018; 7:39887. [PMID: 30320549 PMCID: PMC6214654 DOI: 10.7554/elife.39887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii, hijacks evolutionarily conserved host processes by delivering effector proteins into the host cell that shift gene expression in a timely fashion. We identified a parasite dense granule protein as GRA18 that once released in the host cell cytoplasm forms versatile complexes with regulatory elements of the β-catenin destruction complex. By interacting with GSK3/PP2A-B56, GRA18 drives β-catenin up-regulation and the downstream effects on host cell gene expression. In the context of macrophages infection, GRA18 induces the expression of a specific set of genes commonly associated with an anti-inflammatory response that includes those encoding chemokines CCL17 and CCL22. Overall, this study adds another original strategy by which T. gondii tachyzoites reshuffle the host cell interactome through a GSK3/β-catenin axis to selectively reprogram immune gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan He
- Team Host-pathogen interactions & immunity to infection, University of Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, Grenoble, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Brenier-Pinchart
- Team Host-pathogen interactions & immunity to infection, University of Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurence Braun
- Team Host-pathogen interactions & immunity to infection, University of Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, Grenoble, France
| | - Alexandra Kraut
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Inserm, BIG-BGE, Grenoble, France
| | - Bastien Touquet
- Team Membrane and Cell Dynamics of Host Parasite Interactions, University of Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, Grenoble, France
| | - Yohann Couté
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Inserm, BIG-BGE, Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Tardieux
- Team Membrane and Cell Dynamics of Host Parasite Interactions, University of Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, Grenoble, France
| | - Mohamed-Ali Hakimi
- Team Host-pathogen interactions & immunity to infection, University of Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, Grenoble, France
| | - Alexandre Bougdour
- Team Host-pathogen interactions & immunity to infection, University of Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB, Grenoble, France
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Grainger S, Willert K. Mechanisms of Wnt signaling and control. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 10:e1422. [PMID: 29600540 PMCID: PMC6165711 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is a highly conserved system that regulates complex biological processes across all metazoan species. At the cellular level, secreted Wnt proteins serve to break symmetry and provide cells with positional information that is critical to the patterning of the entire body plan. At the organismal level, Wnt signals are employed to orchestrate fundamental developmental processes, including the specification of the anterior-posterior body axis, induction of the primitive streak and ensuing gastrulation movements, and the generation of cell and tissue diversity. Wnt functions extend into adulthood where they regulate stem cell behavior, tissue homeostasis, and damage repair. Disruption of Wnt signaling activity during embryonic development or in adults results in a spectrum of abnormalities and diseases, including cancer. The molecular mechanisms that underlie the myriad of Wnt-regulated biological effects have been the subject of intense research for over three decades. This review is intended to summarize our current understanding of how Wnt signals are generated and interpreted. This article is categorized under: Biological Mechanisms > Cell Signaling Developmental Biology > Stem Cell Biology and Regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Grainger
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla California
| | - Karl Willert
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla California
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Knockdown of Yin Yang 1 enhances anticancer effects of cisplatin through protein phosphatase 2A-mediated T308 dephosphorylation of AKT. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:747. [PMID: 29970878 PMCID: PMC6030060 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0774-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is still one of the first-line drugs for chemotherapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and shows a survival advantage for HNSCC. However, a substantial proportion of HNSCC eventually becomes resistance to cisplatin and the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully understood. Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is a multifunctional protein regulating both gene transcription and protein modifications and also plays a role in chemotherapy resistance. Here, we reported that knockdown of YY1 by lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNA or tetracycline-inducible short hairpin RNA enhanced cisplatin-induced apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation, migration and invasion in the HNSCC cell lines, and inhibition of the xenograft tumor growth. The underlying mechanisms were revealed that knockdown of YY1 downregulated both S473 and T308 phosphorylation of AKT (protein kinase B), which was mainly responsible for cisplatin resistance, whereas overexpression of YY1 upregulated both S473 and T308 phosphorylation. Cisplatin upregulated YY1 mRNA and protein expression and both S473 and T308 phosphorylation of AKT. In the presence of cisplatin, knockdown of YY1 not only blocked cisplatin-induced increase in S473 and T308 phosphorylation of AKT, but still downregulated T308 phosphorylation. Moreover, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) antagonist, okadaic acid, upregulated T308, but not S473, phosphorylation, and simultaneously abolished YY1 knockdown-mediated enhancement of cisplatin-induced inhibition of cell proliferation. In addition, knockdown of YY1 promoted PP2A activity through upregulating mRNA and protein expressions of PP2A catalytic subunit alpha (PPP2CA) through the binding of YY1 in the promoter of PPP2CA. Conversely, activating PP2A by forskolin also promoted YY1 degradation and subsequently inhibited T308 phosphorylation. These results suggested that knockdown of YY1 enhanced anticancer effects of cisplatin through PP2A mediating T308 dephosphorylation of AKT, and that targeting YY1 or PP2A would enhance the efficiency of cisplatin chemotherapy in treatment of HNSCC.
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Huang M, Liang Y, Chen H, Xu B, Chai C, Xing P. The Role of Fluoxetine in Activating Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling and Repressing β-Amyloid Production in an Alzheimer Mouse Model. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:164. [PMID: 29910725 PMCID: PMC5992518 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoxetine (FLX) is one of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) antidepressants, which could be used to relieve depression and anxiety among AD patients. This study was designed to search for new mechanisms by which fluoxetine could activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and reduce amyloidosis in AD brain. Fluoxetine was administered via intragastric injection to APP/tau/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (3×Tg-AD) mice for 4 months. In the hippocampus of AD mouse model, there could be observed neuronal apoptosis, as well as an increase in Aβ (amyloid-β) production. Moreover, there is a strong association between down-regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and the alteration of AD pathology. The activity of protein phosphatases of type 2A (PP2A) could be significantly enhanced by the treatment of fluoxetine. The activation of PP2A, caused by fluoxetine, could then play a positive role in raising the level of active β-catenin, and deliver a negative impact in GSK3β activity in the hippocampal tissue. Both the changes mentioned above would lead to the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Meanwhile, fluoxetine treatment would reduce APP cleavage and Aβ generation. It could also prevent apoptosis in 3×Tg-AD primary neuronal cell, and have protective effects on neuron synapse. These findings imply that Wnt/β-catenin signaling could be a potential target outcome for AD prevention, and fluoxetine has the potential to be a promising drug in both AD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yubin Liang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongda Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Binchu Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cuicui Chai
- Department of Neurology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pengfei Xing
- Department of Neurology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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Suryavanshi SV, Jadhav SM, Anderson KL, Katsonis P, Lichtarge O, McConnell BK. Human muscle-specific A-kinase anchoring protein polymorphisms modulate the susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases by altering cAMP/PKA signaling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H109-H121. [PMID: 29600899 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00034.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
One of the crucial cardiac signaling pathways is cAMP-mediated PKA signal transduction, which is regulated by a family of scaffolding proteins, i.e., A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs). Muscle-specific AKAP (mAKAP) partly regulates cardiac cAMP/PKA signaling by binding to PKA and phosphodiesterase 4D3 (PDE4D3), among other proteins, and plays a central role in modulating cardiac remodeling. Moreover, genetics plays an incomparable role in modifying the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in various proteins have especially been shown to predispose individuals to CVDs. Hence, we hypothesized that human mAKAP polymorphisms found in humans with CVDs alter the cAMP/PKA pathway, influencing the susceptibility of individuals to CVDs. Our computational analyses revealed two mAKAP SNPs found in cardiac disease-related patients with the highest predicted deleterious effects, Ser 1653 Arg (S1653R) and Glu 2124 Gly (E2124G). Coimmunoprecipitation data in human embryonic kidney-293T cells showed that the S1653R SNP, present in the PDE4D3-binding domain of mAKAP, changed the binding of PDE4D3 to mAKAP and that the E2124G SNP, flanking the 3'-PKA binding domain, changed the binding of PKA before and after stimulation with isoproterenol. These SNPs significantly altered intracellular cAMP levels, global PKA activity, and cytosolic PDE activity compared with the wild type before and after isoproterenol stimulation. PKA-mediated phosphorylation of pathological markers was found to be upregulated after cell stimulation in both mutants. In conclusion, human mAKAP polymorphisms may influence the propensity of developing CVDs by affecting cAMP/PKA signaling, supporting the clinical significance of PKA-mAKAP-PDE4D3 interactions. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We found that single-nucleotide polymorphisms in muscle-specific A-kinase anchoring protein found in human patients with cardiovascular diseases significantly affect the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. Our results showed, for the first time, that human muscle-specific A-kinase anchoring protein polymorphisms might alter the susceptibility of individuals to develop cardiovascular diseases with known underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh V Suryavanshi
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, College of Pharmacy, Texas Medical Center , Houston, Texas
| | - Shweta M Jadhav
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, College of Pharmacy, Texas Medical Center , Houston, Texas
| | - Kody L Anderson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Houston, Cullen College of Engineering , Houston, Texas
| | - Panagiotis Katsonis
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
| | - Olivier Lichtarge
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
| | - Bradley K McConnell
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, College of Pharmacy, Texas Medical Center , Houston, Texas
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Wang X, Wang R, Luo M, Li C, Wang HX, Huan CC, Qu YR, Liao Y, Mao X. (DEAD)-box RNA helicase 3 modulates NF-κB signal pathway by controlling the phosphorylation of PP2A-C subunit. Oncotarget 2018; 8:33197-33213. [PMID: 28402257 PMCID: PMC5464861 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD)-box RNA helicase 3 (DDX3), an ATP-dependent RNA helicase, is associated with RNA splicing, mRNA export, transcription, translation, and RNA decay. Recent studies revealed that DDX3 participates in innate immune response during virus infection by interacting with TBK1 and regulating the production of IFN-β. In our studies, we demonstrated that DDX3 regulated NF-κB signal pathway. We found that DDX3 knockdown reduced the phosphorylation of p65 and IKK-β and ultimately attenuated the production of inflammatory cytokines induced by poly(I:C) or TNF-α stimulation. The regulatory effect of DDX3 on NF-κB signal pathway was not affected by the loss of its ATPase or helicase activity. We further identified PP2A C subunit (PP2A-C) as an interaction partner of DDX3 by co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrum analysis. We confirmed that DDX3 formed the complex with PP2A-C/IKK-β and regulated the interaction between IKK-β and PP2A-C. Furthermore, we demonstrated that DDX3 modulated the activity of PP2A by controlling the phosphorylation of PP2A-C, which might enable PP2A-C to regulate NF-κB signal pathway by dephosphorylating IKK-β. All these findings suggested DDX3 plays multiple roles in modulating innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Miao Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Chen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Hua-Xia Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Chang-Chao Huan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Yu-Rong Qu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ying Liao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiang Mao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China.,Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
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Protein Phosphatase 2A in the Regulation of Wnt Signaling, Stem Cells, and Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9030121. [PMID: 29495399 PMCID: PMC5867842 DOI: 10.3390/genes9030121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a ubiquitous cellular process that allows for the nuanced and reversible regulation of protein activity. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a heterotrimeric serine-threonine phosphatase—composed of a structural, regulatory, and catalytic subunit—that controls a variety of cellular events via protein dephosphorylation. While much is known about PP2A and its basic biochemistry, the diversity of its components—especially the multitude of regulatory subunits—has impeded the determination of PP2A function. As a consequence of this complexity, PP2A has been shown to both positively and negatively regulate signaling networks such as the Wnt pathway. Wnt signaling modulates major developmental processes, and is a dominant mediator of stem cell self-renewal, cell fate, and cancer stem cells. Because PP2A affects Wnt signaling both positively and negatively and at multiple levels, further understanding of this complex dynamic may ultimately provide insight into stem cell biology and how to better treat cancers that result from alterations in Wnt signaling. This review will summarize literature that implicates PP2A as a tumor suppressor, explore PP2A mutations identified in human malignancy, and focus on PP2A in the regulation of Wnt signaling and stem cells so as to better understand how aberrancy in this pathway can contribute to tumorigenesis.
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Janghorban M, Langer EM, Wang X, Zachman D, Daniel CJ, Hooper J, Fleming WH, Agarwal A, Sears RC. The tumor suppressor phosphatase PP2A-B56α regulates stemness and promotes the initiation of malignancies in a novel murine model. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188910. [PMID: 29190822 PMCID: PMC5708644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a ubiquitously expressed Serine-Threonine phosphatase mediating 30–50% of protein phosphatase activity. PP2A functions as a heterotrimeric complex, with the B subunits directing target specificity to regulate the activity of many key pathways that control cellular phenotypes. PP2A-B56α has been shown to play a tumor suppressor role and to negatively control c-MYC stability and activity. Loss of B56α promotes cellular transformation, likely at least in part through its regulation of c-MYC. Here we report generation of a B56α hypomorph mouse with very low B56α expression that we used to study the physiologic activity of the PP2A-B56α phosphatase. The predominant phenotype we observed in mice with B56α deficiency in the whole body was spontaneous skin lesion formation with hyperproliferation of the epidermis, hair follicles and sebaceous glands. Increased levels of c-MYC phosphorylation on Serine62 and c-MYC activity were observed in the skin lesions of the B56αhm/hm mice. B56α deficiency was found to increase the number of skin stem cells, and consistent with this, papilloma initiation was accelerated in a carcinogenesis model. Further analysis of additional tissues revealed increased inflammation in spleen, liver, lung, and intestinal lymph nodes as well as in the skin lesions, resembling elevated extramedullary hematopoiesis phenotypes in the B56αhm/hm mice. We also observed an increase in the clonogenicity of bone marrow stem cells in B56αhm/hm mice. Overall, this model suggests that B56α is important for stem cells to maintain homeostasis and that B56α loss leading to increased activity of important oncogenes, including c-MYC, can result in aberrant cell growth and increased stem cells that can contribute to the initiation of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Janghorban
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Ellen M. Langer
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Derek Zachman
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Stem Cell Center, Department of Pediatrics, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Colin J. Daniel
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jody Hooper
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - William H. Fleming
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Stem Cell Center, Department of Pediatrics, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Anupriya Agarwal
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Rosalie C. Sears
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Lambrecht C, Libbrecht L, Sagaert X, Pauwels P, Hoorne Y, Crowther J, Louis JV, Sents W, Sablina A, Janssens V. Loss of protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B56δ promotes spontaneous tumorigenesis in vivo. Oncogene 2017; 37:544-552. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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40
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Perrotti D, Silvestri G, Stramucci L, Yu J, Trotta R. Cellular and Molecular Networks in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: The Leukemic Stem, Progenitor and Stromal Cell Interplay. Curr Drug Targets 2017; 18:377-388. [PMID: 27307150 DOI: 10.2174/1389450117666160615074120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of imatinib, second and third generation ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) (i.e. dasatinib, nilotinib, bosutinib and ponatinib) made CML a clinically manageable and, in a small percentage of cases, a cured disease. TKI therapy also turned CML blastic transformation into a rare event; however, disease progression still occurs in those patients who are refractory, not compliant with TKI therapy or develop resistance to multiple TKIs. In the past few years, it became clear that the BCRABL1 oncogene does not operate alone to drive disease emergence, maintenance and progression. Indeed, it seems that bone marrow (BM) microenvironment-generated signals and cell autonomous BCRABL1 kinase-independent genetic and epigenetic alterations all contribute to: i. persistence of a quiescent leukemic stem cell (LSC) reservoir, ii. innate or acquired resistance to TKIs, and iii. progression into the fatal blast crisis stage. Herein, we review the intricate leukemic network in which aberrant, but finely tuned, survival, mitogenic and self-renewal signals are generated by leukemic progenitors, stromal cells, immune cells and metabolic microenvironmental conditions (e.g. hypoxia) to promote LSC maintenance and blastic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Perrotti
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
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Kitazawa M, Hatta T, Ogawa K, Fukuda E, Goshima N, Natsume T. Determination of Rate-Limiting Factor for Formation of Beta-Catenin Destruction Complexes Using Absolute Protein Quantification. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:3576-3584. [PMID: 28810742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays important roles in both ontogenesis and development. In the absence of a Wnt stimulus, β-catenin is degraded by a multiprotein "destruction complex" that includes Axin, APC, GSK3B, and FBXW11. Although the key molecules required for transducing Wnt signals have been identified, a quantitative understanding of this pathway has been lacking. Here, we calculated the absolute number of β-catenin destruction complexes by absolute protein quantification using LC-MS/MS. Similar amounts of destruction complex-constituting proteins and β-catenin interacted, and the number of destruction complexes was calculated to be about 1468 molecules/cell. We demonstrated that the calculated number of destruction complexes was valid for control of the β-catenin destruction rate under steady-state conditions. Interestingly, APC had the minimum expression level among the destruction complex components at about 2233 molecules/cell, and this number approximately corresponded to the calculated number of destruction complexes. Decreased APC expression by siRNA transfection decreased the number of destruction complexes, resulting in β-catenin accumulation and stimulation of the transcriptional activity of T-cell factor. Taken together, our results suggest that the amount of APC expression is the rate-limiting factor for the constitution of β-catenin destruction complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Kitazawa
- Molecular Profiling Reserch Center for Drug Discovery (molprof), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Hatta
- Molecular Profiling Reserch Center for Drug Discovery (molprof), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Koji Ogawa
- Molecular Profiling Reserch Center for Drug Discovery (molprof), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Eriko Fukuda
- Molecular Profiling Reserch Center for Drug Discovery (molprof), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Naoki Goshima
- Molecular Profiling Reserch Center for Drug Discovery (molprof), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Tohru Natsume
- Molecular Profiling Reserch Center for Drug Discovery (molprof), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
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van Kappel EC, Maurice MM. Molecular regulation and pharmacological targeting of the β-catenin destruction complex. Br J Pharmacol 2017. [PMID: 28634996 PMCID: PMC5727331 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The β‐catenin destruction complex is a dynamic cytosolic multiprotein assembly that provides a key node in Wnt signalling regulation. The core components of the destruction complex comprise the scaffold proteins axin and adenomatous polyposis coli and the Ser/Thr kinases casein kinase 1 and glycogen synthase kinase 3. In unstimulated cells, the destruction complex efficiently drives degradation of the transcriptional coactivator β‐catenin, thereby preventing the activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. Mutational inactivation of the destruction complex is a major pathway in the pathogenesis of cancer. Here, we review recent insights in the regulation of the β‐catenin destruction complex, including newly identified interaction interfaces, regulatory elements and post‐translationally controlled mechanisms. In addition, we discuss how mutations in core destruction complex components deregulate Wnt signalling via distinct mechanisms and how these findings open up potential therapeutic approaches to restore destruction complex activity in cancer cells. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed section on WNT Signalling: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.24/issuetoc
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline C van Kappel
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Madelon M Maurice
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Yi JJ, Paranjape SR, Walker MP, Choudhury R, Wolter JM, Fragola G, Emanuele MJ, Major MB, Zylka MJ. The autism-linked UBE3A T485A mutant E3 ubiquitin ligase activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by inhibiting the proteasome. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:12503-12515. [PMID: 28559284 PMCID: PMC5535025 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.788448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
UBE3A is a HECT domain E3 ubiquitin ligase whose dysfunction is linked to autism, Angelman syndrome, and cancer. Recently, we characterized a de novo autism-linked UBE3A mutant (UBE3AT485A) that disrupts phosphorylation control of UBE3A activity. Through quantitative proteomics and reporter assays, we found that the UBE3AT485A protein ubiquitinates multiple proteasome subunits, reduces proteasome subunit abundance and activity, stabilizes nuclear β-catenin, and stimulates canonical Wnt signaling more effectively than wild-type UBE3A. We also found that UBE3AT485A activates Wnt signaling to a greater extent in cells with low levels of ongoing Wnt signaling, suggesting that cells with low basal Wnt activity are particularly vulnerable to UBE3AT485A mutation. Ligase-dead UBE3A did not stimulate Wnt pathway activation. Overexpression of several proteasome subunits reversed the effect of UBE3AT485A on Wnt signaling. We also observed that subunits that interact with UBE3A and affect Wnt signaling are located along one side of the 19S regulatory particle, indicating a previously unrecognized spatial organization to the proteasome. Altogether, our findings indicate that UBE3A regulates Wnt signaling in a cell context-dependent manner and that an autism-linked mutation exacerbates these signaling effects. Our study has broad implications for human disorders associated with UBE3A gain or loss of function and suggests that dysfunctional UBE3A might affect additional proteins and pathways that are sensitive to proteasome activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Yi
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Smita R Paranjape
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599; UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Matthew P Walker
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Rajarshi Choudhury
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Justin M Wolter
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599; UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Giulia Fragola
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599; UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Michael J Emanuele
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Michael B Major
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Mark J Zylka
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599; UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599; Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599.
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44
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Sodium selenate activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling and repressed amyloid-β formation in a triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Exp Neurol 2017; 297:36-49. [PMID: 28711506 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidences show that selenium dietary intake is inversely associated with the mortality of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Sodium selenate has been reported to reduce neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in the tauopathic mouse models, but its effects on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and APP processing remain unknown during AD formation. In this paper, triple transgenic AD mice (3×Tg-AD) had been treated with sodium selenate in drinking water for 10month before the detection of hippocampal pathology. Increased Aβ generation, tau hyperphosphorylation and neuronal apoptosis were found in the hippocampus of AD model mouse. Down-regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is closely associated with the alteration of AD pathology. Treatment with sodium selenate significantly promoted the activity of protein phosphatases of type 2A (PP2A) and repressed the hallmarks of AD. Activation of PP2A by sodium selenate could increase active β-catenin level and inhibit GSK3β activity in the hippocampal tissue and primarily cultured neurons of AD model mouse, leading to activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and transactivation of target genes, including positively-regulated genes c-myc, survivin, TXNRD2 and negatively-regulated gene BACE1. Meanwhile, APP phosphorylation was also reduced on the Thr668 residue after selenate treatment, causing the decreases of APP cleavage and Aβ generation. These findings reveal that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a potential target for prevention of AD and sodium selenate may be developed as a new drug for AD treatment.
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Lange L, Marks M, Liu J, Wittler L, Bauer H, Piehl S, Bläß G, Timmermann B, Herrmann BG. Patterning and gastrulation defects caused by the tw18 lethal are due to loss of Ppp2r1a. Biol Open 2017; 6:752-764. [PMID: 28619992 PMCID: PMC5483016 DOI: 10.1242/bio.023200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The mouse t haplotype, a variant 20 cM genomic region on Chromosome 17, harbors 16 embryonic control genes identified by recessive lethal mutations isolated from wild mouse populations. Due to technical constraints so far only one of these, the tw5 lethal, has been cloned and molecularly characterized. Here we report the molecular isolation of the tw18 lethal. Embryos carrying the tw18 lethal die from major gastrulation defects commencing with primitive streak formation at E6.5. We have used transcriptome and marker gene analyses to describe the molecular etiology of the tw18 phenotype. We show that both WNT and Nodal signal transduction are impaired in the mutant epiblast, causing embryonic patterning defects and failure of primitive streak and mesoderm formation. By using a candidate gene approach, gene knockout by homologous recombination and genetic rescue, we have identified the gene causing the tw18 phenotype as Ppp2r1a, encoding the PP2A scaffolding subunit PR65alpha. Our work highlights the importance of phosphatase 2A in embryonic patterning, primitive streak formation, gastrulation, and mesoderm formation downstream of WNT and Nodal signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisette Lange
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Department Developmental Genetics, Ihnestraße 63-73, Berlin 14195, Germany.,Free University Berlin, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Takustrasse 3, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Matthias Marks
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Department Developmental Genetics, Ihnestraße 63-73, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Jinhua Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Department Developmental Genetics, Ihnestraße 63-73, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Lars Wittler
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Department Developmental Genetics, Ihnestraße 63-73, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Hermann Bauer
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Department Developmental Genetics, Ihnestraße 63-73, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Sandra Piehl
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Department Developmental Genetics, Ihnestraße 63-73, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Gabriele Bläß
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Department Developmental Genetics, Ihnestraße 63-73, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Bernd Timmermann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Sequencing Core Facility, Ihnestraße 63-73, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Bernhard G Herrmann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Department Developmental Genetics, Ihnestraße 63-73, Berlin 14195, Germany .,Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Institute for Medical Genetics, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin 12203, Germany
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46
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Chen J, Zhao J, Chen X, Ding C, Lee K, Jia Z, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Wei C, He J, Xia Z, Peng J. Hyper activation of β-catenin signalling induced by IKKε inhibition thwarts colorectal cancer cell proliferation. Cell Prolif 2017; 50. [PMID: 28523736 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling contributes significantly to the development of human colorectal cancers and β-catenin is the key signalling molecule transducing canonical Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Therefore, β-catenin is a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment. This study demonstrates that the oncogenic IKKε kinase phosphorylates β-catenin to restrain its hyper activation, therefore promoting colorectal cancer (CRC) cell proliferation. MATERIALS AND METHODS IKKε and β-catenin expression levels in human colorectal cancer tissues and cell lines were analysed by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting. The regulation of IKKε on Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway was studied by reporter assay and real-time PCR analysis in the context of IKKε stably knocking down. Co-immunoprecipitation was conducted to monitor the interaction between IKKε and β-catenin. Kinase assay was performed to measure β-catenin post-translational modifications induced by IKKε. RESULTS Oncogenic IKKε kinase is required for the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells. Mechanistically, inhibition of IKKε results in β-catenin hyper activation and thwarts CRC cell proliferation. Furthermore, IKKε phosphorylates β-catenin and inhibits the activation of β-catenin signalling. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that IKKε is a potential target to combat CRC induced by aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Division of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Xuan Chen
- Division of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Chengming Ding
- Division of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Katie Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Zeming Jia
- Division of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yaoting Zhang
- Division of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yuzheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Chaoying Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Jiantai He
- Division of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Zanxian Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Jian Peng
- Division of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
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Zhang L, Shay JW. Multiple Roles of APC and its Therapeutic Implications in Colorectal Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2017; 109:3113843. [PMID: 28423402 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djw332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is widely accepted as a tumor suppressor gene highly mutated in colorectal cancers (CRC). Mutation and inactivation of this gene is a key and early event almost uniquely observed in colorectal tumorigenesis. Alterations in the APC gene generate truncated gene products, leading to activation of the Wnt signaling pathway and deregulation of multiple other cellular processes. It has been a mystery why most patients with CRC retain a truncated APC protein, but accumulating evidence suggest that these C terminally truncated APC proteins may have gain of function properties beyond the well-established loss of tumor suppressive function. Here, we will review the evidence for both the loss of function and the gain of function of APC truncations and how together they contribute to CRC initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jerry W Shay
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, USA
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48
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HER2 in Breast Cancer Stemness: A Negative Feedback Loop towards Trastuzumab Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9050040. [PMID: 28445439 PMCID: PMC5447950 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9050040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
HER2 receptor tyrosine kinase that is overexpressed in approximately 20% of all breast cancers (BCs) is a poor prognosis factor and a precious target for BC therapy. Trastuzumab is approved by FDA to specifically target HER2 for treating HER2+ BC. However, about 60% of patients with HER2+ breast tumor develop de novo resistance to trastuzumab, partially due to the loss of expression of HER2 extracellular domain on their tumor cells. This is due to shedding/cleavage of HER2 by metalloproteinases (ADAMs and MMPs). HER2 shedding results in the accumulation of intracellular carboxyl-terminal HER2 (p95HER2), which is a common phenomenon in trastuzumab-resistant tumors and is suggested as a predictive marker for trastuzumab resistance. Up-regulation of the metalloproteinases is a poor prognosis factor and is commonly seen in mesenchymal-like cancer stem cells that are risen during epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells. HER2 cleavage during EMT can explain why secondary metastatic tumors with high percentage of mesenchymal-like cancer stem cells are mostly resistant to trastuzumab but still sensitive to lapatinib. Importantly, many studies report HER2 interaction with oncogenic/stemness signaling pathways including TGF-β/Smad, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, JAK/STAT and Hedgehog. HER2 overexpression promotes EMT and the emergence of cancer stem cell properties in BC. Increased expression and activation of metalloproteinases during EMT leads to proteolytic cleavage and shedding of HER2 receptor, which downregulates HER2 extracellular domain and eventually increases trastuzumab resistance. Here, we review the hypothesis that a negative feedback loop between HER2 and stemness signaling drives resistance of BC to trastuzumab.
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49
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Persad A, Venkateswaran G, Hao L, Garcia ME, Yoon J, Sidhu J, Persad S. Active β-catenin is regulated by the PTEN/PI3 kinase pathway: a role for protein phosphatase PP2A. Genes Cancer 2017; 7:368-382. [PMID: 28191283 PMCID: PMC5302038 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been associated with the development and progression of many cancers. The stability and subcellular localization of β-catenin, a dual functional protein that plays a role in intracellular adhesion and in regulating gene expression, is tightly regulated. However, little is known about the transcriptionally active form of β-catenin, Active Beta Catenin (ABC), that is unphosphorylated at serine 37 (Ser37) and threonine 41 (Thr41). Elucidating the mechanism by which β-catenin is activated to generate ABC is vital to the development of therapeutic strategies to block β-catenin signaling for cancer treatment. Using melanoma, breast and prostate cancer cell lines, we show that while cellular β-catenin levels are regulated by the Wnt pathway, cellular ABC levels are mainly regulated by the PI3K pathway and are dependent on the phosphatase activity of the protein phosphatase PP2A. Furthermore, we demonstrate that although the PI3K/PTEN pathway does not regulate total β-catenin protein levels within the cell, it plays a role in regulating the subcellular localization of β-catenin. Our results support a novel functional interaction/cross-talk between the PTEN/PI3K and Wnt pathways in the regulation of the subcellular/nuclear levels of ABC, which is crucially important for the protein's activity as a transcription factor and its biological effects in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Persad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Li Hao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maria E Garcia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jenny Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jaskiran Sidhu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sujata Persad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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50
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Greenwood EJD, Matheson NJ, Wals K, van den Boomen DJH, Antrobus R, Williamson JC, Lehner PJ. Temporal proteomic analysis of HIV infection reveals remodelling of the host phosphoproteome by lentiviral Vif variants. eLife 2016; 5:e18296. [PMID: 27690223 PMCID: PMC5085607 DOI: 10.7554/elife.18296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses manipulate host factors to enhance their replication and evade cellular restriction. We used multiplex tandem mass tag (TMT)-based whole cell proteomics to perform a comprehensive time course analysis of >6500 viral and cellular proteins during HIV infection. To enable specific functional predictions, we categorized cellular proteins regulated by HIV according to their patterns of temporal expression. We focussed on proteins depleted with similar kinetics to APOBEC3C, and found the viral accessory protein Vif to be necessary and sufficient for CUL5-dependent proteasomal degradation of all members of the B56 family of regulatory subunits of the key cellular phosphatase PP2A (PPP2R5A-E). Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of HIV-infected cells confirmed Vif-dependent hyperphosphorylation of >200 cellular proteins, particularly substrates of the aurora kinases. The ability of Vif to target PPP2R5 subunits is found in primate and non-primate lentiviral lineages, and remodeling of the cellular phosphoproteome is therefore a second ancient and conserved Vif function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward JD Greenwood
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Matheson
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kim Wals
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dick JH van den Boomen
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Antrobus
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James C Williamson
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J Lehner
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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