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Farrow K, Grolleau G, Mzoughi N. Harnessing the Power of Words to Address the COVID-19 Crisis. ADMINISTRATION & SOCIETY 2023; 55:294-307. [PMID: 36742988 PMCID: PMC9840971 DOI: 10.1177/00953997221133498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral public administration theory suggests that seemingly irrelevant word choice manipulations can influence behavior. We contend that the power of words has frequently been overlooked in the COVID-19 crisis. Given that most decisions mobilize System 1 cognition, words can be an important tool in pursuing socially-desirable outcomes. Beyond their substantive content, words choice matters because language operates largely via automatic processes. Based on findings from this literature, words can be harnessed to induce behavioral change aligned with public health objectives. We elucidate several mechanisms through which these effects are likely to occur and suggests concrete applications to the COVID-19 crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gilles Grolleau
- ESSCA School of Management, Lyon,
France
- CEE-M, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE,
Institut Agro, France
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Dambrun M, Bonetto E, Motak L, Baker JS, Bagheri R, Saadaoui F, Rabbouch H, Zak M, Nasir H, Mermillod M, Gao Y, Antunes S, Ugbolue UC, Pereira B, Bouillon-Minois JB, Nugier A, Clinchamps M, Dutheil F. Perceived discrimination based on the symptoms of covid-19, mental health, and emotional responses-the international online COVISTRESS survey. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279180. [PMID: 36598901 PMCID: PMC9812319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the potential detrimental consequences for individuals' health and discrimination from covid-19 symptoms, the outcomes have received little attention. This study examines the relationships between having personally experienced discrimination based on the symptoms of covid-19 (during the first wave of the pandemic), mental health, and emotional responses (anger and sadness). It was predicted that covid-19 discrimination would be positively related to poor mental health and that this relationship would be mediated by the emotions of anger and sadness. METHODS The study was conducted using an online questionnaire from January to June 2020 (the Covistress network; including 44 countries). Participants were extracted from the COVISTRESS database (Ntotal = 280) with about a half declaring having been discriminated due to covid-19 symptoms (N = 135). Discriminated participants were compared to non-discriminated participants using ANOVA. A mediation analysis was conducted to examine the indirect effect of emotional responses and the relationships between perceived discrimination and self-reported mental health. RESULTS The results indicated that individuals who experienced discrimination based on the symptoms of covid-19 had poorer mental health and experienced more anger and sadness. The relationship between covid-19 personal discrimination and mental health disappeared when the emotions of anger and sadness were statistically controlled for. The indirect effects for both anger and sadness were statistically significant. DISCUSSION This study suggests that the covid-19 pandemic may have generated discriminatory behaviors toward those suspected of having symptoms and that this is related to poorer mental health via anger and sadness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Dambrun
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Eric Bonetto
- Aix-Marseille University, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Ladislav Motak
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Hong Kong Baptist University, Sport, Physical Education and Health, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Foued Saadaoui
- Faculty of Sciences, Statistics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hana Rabbouch
- Institut Supérieur de Gestion de Tunis, Université de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Marek Zak
- Institute of Health Sciences, The Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Collegium Medicum, Kielce, Poland
| | - Hijrah Nasir
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Economic Development, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Martial Mermillod
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, Grenoble, France
| | - Yang Gao
- Hong Kong Baptist University, Sport, Physical Education and Health, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Samuel Antunes
- ISPA—Instituto Universitário, Ordem dos Psicólogos Portugueses, APPsyCI—Applied Psychology Research Center Capabilities & Inclusion, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ukadike Chris Ugbolue
- Institute for Clinical Exercise & Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, School of Health and Life Sciences, South Lanarkshire, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Pereira
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Biostatistics, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Bouillon-Minois
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, WittyFit, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Armelle Nugier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Maëlys Clinchamps
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, WittyFit, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, WittyFit, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Camargo KRD. Science, health, and human rights. Glob Public Health 2022; 17:3109-3118. [PMID: 34228586 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2021.1950800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A solid knowledge base is one of the necessary conditions to assure health as a human right. The contemporary source of such knowledge are the sciences at large, which however presents a problem, since the scientific enterprise can - and has been - a source of human rights violations as well. The field of social studies of science (STS) takes an iconoclast approach to the science, providing much needed criticism of its claims of authority. Recently, however, when attacks from multiple sources attempt to undermine perfectly reasonable scientific developments, the STS approach may not provide the adequate tools to deal with such challenge, especially with regard to health issues. This essay explores, with examples, ways in which the critical stance of STS may be compatible with a defense of proper scientific knowledge - in fact, helping to define what that actually means - without falling in the trap of scientism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Rochel de Camargo
- Instituto de Medicina Social Hésio Cordeiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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4
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Age Differences in Psychological Antecedents and Behavioral Consequences of Stigmatization Associated with COVID-19 among Koreans. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148594. [PMID: 35886444 PMCID: PMC9316940 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The first goal of this study is to develop a conceptual model of the causal relationship between psychological antecedents (internal attribution, anger, dangerousness, fear) of stigmatization, stigmatization (public stigma, anticipated stigma), and the behavioral consequences (compliance with COVID-19 prevention guidelines, COVID-19 testing intention) of stigmatization associated with COVID-19. The second goal of the study is to investigate the age differences in the conceptual model between younger and older adults unconfirmed with COVID-19 in Korea. After building the model based on previous studies, an online survey was conducted with Koreans in their 20s (n = 300, females: 50%) and 60s (n = 300, females: 50%) who had not been confirmed with COVID-19. The results revealed that for participants in their 20s and 60s, their internal attribution of COVID-19 infection to individuals confirmed with COVID-19 enhanced their anger at the individuals. Afterward, their anger increased their anticipated stigma of being confirmed with COVID-19 through enhancing the public stigma of the individuals confirmed with COVID-19. Unexpectedly, the fear of individuals confirmed with COVID-19 elicited by the dangerousness of the individuals had no effect on the public stigma of the individuals among participants in their 20s and 60s. The fear directly enhanced their compliance with the COVID-19 prevention guidelines. Next, for participants in their 20s, their anticipated stigma increased their compliance with COVID-19 prevention guidelines, but not their COVID-19 testing intention. However, the anticipated stigma did not affect both the compliance with the COVID-19 prevention guidelines and COVID-19 testing intention among participants in their 60s. The implications and limitations of these findings are discussed.
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5
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Dong H, Zhou M, Che D, Zhang H, Bodomo A. Analysis of COVID-19 Name Varieties in Chinese Mass and Social Media. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189850. [PMID: 34574774 PMCID: PMC8470127 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The sudden appearance of a new epidemic disease in China created the need for names identifying that disease. Between December 2019 and January 2020, a variety of severe pneumonia-related disease names suddenly appeared, and more name varieties kept coming up afterwards. To better understand the introduction and spread of these names, 16 different COVID-19-related name varieties were selected covering the period from the end of December 2019, when the epidemic started, to mid-March 2020, a moment at which the term competition had stabilized. By way of big data analysis, the initiation and distribution of the 16 names across the media landscape was traced with regard to the impact of different media platforms, while the distribution frequency of each of the selected terms was mapped, resulting in a distinction of three groups of disease names, each with a different media and time profile. The results were discussed based on the hypotheses of disease confusion by name variety and management failures in absence of clear language governance at the national and global levels. The analysis of the data led to a refutation of both hypotheses. Based on this discussion, the study offers empirically based suggestions for the WHO in their naming practices and further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Dong
- School of Liberal Arts, Xi’an University, Xi’an 710065, China;
| | - Minli Zhou
- Department of Liberal Arts, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou 510303, China;
| | - Dewei Che
- Faculty of Philological and Cultural Studies, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Correspondence:
| | - Huiying Zhang
- School of Liberal Arts, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China;
| | - Adams Bodomo
- Faculty of Philological and Cultural Studies, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
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Spaide RF, Gemmy Cheung CM, Matsumoto H, Kishi S, Boon CJF, van Dijk EHC, Mauget-Faysse M, Behar-Cohen F, Hartnett ME, Sivaprasad S, Iida T, Brown DM, Chhablani J, Maloca PM. Venous overload choroidopathy: A hypothetical framework for central serous chorioretinopathy and allied disorders. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 86:100973. [PMID: 34029721 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.100973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), the macula is detached because of fluid leakage at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium. The fluid appears to originate from choroidal vascular hyperpermeability, but the etiology for the fluid is controversial. The choroidal vascular findings as elucidated by recent optical coherence tomography (OCT) and wide-field indocyanine green (ICG) angiographic evaluation show eyes with CSC have many of the same venous patterns that are found in eyes following occlusion of the vortex veins or carotid cavernous sinus fistulas (CCSF). The eyes show delayed choroidal filling, dilated veins, intervortex venous anastomoses, and choroidal vascular hyperpermeability. While patients with occlusion of the vortex veins or CCSF have extraocular abnormalities accounting for the venous outflow problems, eyes with CSC appear to have venous outflow abnormalities as an intrinsic phenomenon. Control of venous outflow from the eye involves a Starling resistor effect, which appears to be abnormal in CSC. Similar choroidal vascular abnormalities have been found in peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome. However, peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome has intervortex venous anastomoses located in the peripapillary region while in CSC these are seen to be located in the macular region. Spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome appears to share many of the pathophysiologic problems of abnormal venous outflow from the choroid along with a host of associated abnormalities. These diseases vary according to their underlying etiologies but are linked by the venous decompensation in the choroid that leads to significant vision loss. Choroidal venous overload provides a unifying concept and theory for an improved understanding of the pathophysiology and classification of a group of diseases to a greater extent than previous proposals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard F Spaide
- Vitreous, Retina, Macula Consultants of New York, New York, NY, USA.
| | | | - Hidetaka Matsumoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
| | | | - Camiel J F Boon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Elon H C van Dijk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jay Chhablani
- University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Eye Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Peter M Maloca
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Gronholm PC, Nosé M, van Brakel WH, Eaton J, Ebenso B, Fiekert K, Milenova M, Sunkel C, Barbui C, Thornicroft G. Reducing stigma and discrimination associated with COVID-19: early stage pandemic rapid review and practical recommendations. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2021; 30:e15. [PMID: 33504412 PMCID: PMC7884669 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796021000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To develop recommendations for strategies and interventions to reduce stigma and discrimination related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), through reviewing and synthesising evidence in relation to COVID-19 and other disease outbreaks and infectious/stigmatised conditions from systematic reviews and primary studies and recommendations from additional materials. METHODS Rapid review, drawing on the World Health Organization's (WHO) methodology for developing interim guidelines during health emergencies. PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central and Campbell Collaboration searched up to mid-April 2020. Searches were supplemented by reference-searching and expert recommendations. Searches were designed to identify: (1) systematic reviews (<10 years), or (2) primary intervention studies (no date limit) reporting evidence on anti-stigma interventions (in relation to COVID-19 or other infectious/stigmatised conditions) or (3) additional relevant materials. Data were extracted on population, intervention, outcome and results. These data were compiled into evidence summary tables and narrative overviews. Recommendations on strategies for COVID-19 stigma-reduction were developed using the WHO 'Evidence to Decision' framework approach. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (registration ID: CRD42020177677). RESULTS The searches identified a total of 4150 potentially relevant records, from which 12 systematic reviews and 29 additional articles were included. Overarching considerations and specific recommendations focus on: (1) language/words used in relation to COVID-19 and affected people; (2) media/journalistic practices; (3) public health interventions; (4) targeted public health interventions for key groups and (5) involving communities and key stakeholders. CONCLUSIONS These recommendations represent the first consolidated evidence-based guidance on stigma and discrimination reduction in relation to COVID-19. Mitigating the impact of stigma is critical in reducing distress and negative experiences, and strengthening communities' resolve to work together during exceptional circumstances. Ultimately, reducing stigma helps addressing structural inequalities that drive marginalisation and exacerbate both health risks and the impact of stigma. Administrations and decision makers are urged to consider integrating these recommendations into the ongoing COVID-19 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. C. Gronholm
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Centre for Global Mental Health and Centre for Implementation Science, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M. Nosé
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation; Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences; Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - J. Eaton
- CBM Global, and Centre for Global Mental Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK
| | - B. Ebenso
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - K. Fiekert
- KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, The Hague, Netherlands
| | - M. Milenova
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Centre for Global Mental Health and Centre for Implementation Science, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C. Sunkel
- Global Mental Health Peer Network, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - C. Barbui
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation; Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences; Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - G. Thornicroft
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Centre for Global Mental Health and Centre for Implementation Science, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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Rzymski P, Mamzer H, Nowicki M. The Main Sources and Potential Effects of COVID-19-Related Discrimination. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1318:705-725. [PMID: 33973207 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63761-3_39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of a new coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which appeared in late 2019 and eventually resulted in the announcement of a pandemic by the World Health Organization, led to global fear and panic as well as the spread of false information and fake news from different sources. As a result, a sharp increase in prejudice, discrimination, and xenophobia against different groups of people was observed in different geographical locations. This chapter presents the psychological and social sources of stereotypes and prejudices that take forms in the COVID-19 pandemic. These sources can be located in psychosocial processes, such as (i) socially generated and reinforced fears; (ii) human responses to stress induced by certain types of stimuli; (iii) sense of helplessness based on the lack of control over reality; (iv) psychological responses reinforced by conformism (crowd psychology); and (v) the stigmatization process. The chapter also presents the main groups of increased risk of experiencing prejudice and discrimination during the COVID-19 pandemic (Asians, health-care workers, COVID-19 patients, and their relatives). Moreover, it provides a documented example of such behaviors. The groups at higher risk of more adverse effects of COVID-19 due to pre-pandemic discrimination are also discussed. Finally, initiatives taken to mitigate the discrimination associated with COVID-19 are presented, as well as the recommendations and good practices for preventing these behaviors during future outbreaks and for limiting discrimination against COVID-19 until the disease can be contained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Rzymski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland. .,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Poznań, Poland.
| | - Hanna Mamzer
- Faculty of Sociology Adam Mickiewicz University, Szamarzewskiego 89 c, 60-568, Poznań, Poland
| | - Michał Nowicki
- Chair of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Masters-Waage TC, Jha N, Reb J. COVID-19, Coronavirus, Wuhan Virus, or China Virus? Understanding How to "Do No Harm" When Naming an Infectious Disease. Front Psychol 2020; 11:561270. [PMID: 33362626 PMCID: PMC7756064 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.561270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
When labeling an infectious disease, officially sanctioned scientific names, e.g., “H1N1 virus,” are recommended over place-specific names, e.g., “Spanish flu.” This is due to concerns from policymakers and the WHO that the latter might lead to unintended stigmatization. However, with little empirical support for such negative consequences, authorities might be focusing on limited resources on an overstated issue. This paper empirically investigates the impact of naming against the current backdrop of the 2019–2020 pandemic. The first hypothesis posited that using place-specific names associated with China (e.g., Wuhan Virus or China Virus) leads to greater levels of sinophobia, the negative stigmatization of Chinese individuals. The second hypothesis posited that using a scientific name (e.g., Coronavirus or COVID-19) leads to increased anxiety, risk aversion, beliefs about contagiousness of the virus, and beliefs about mortality rate. Results from two preregistered studies [N(Study 1) = 504; N(Study 2) = 412], conducted across three countries with the first study during the early outbreak (April 2020) and the second study at a later stage of the pandemic (August 2020), found no evidence of any adverse effects of naming on sinophobia and strong support for the null hypothesis using Bayesian analyses. Moreover, analyses found no impact of naming on anxiety, risk aversion, beliefs about contagiousness of the virus, or beliefs about mortality rate, with mild to strong support for the null hypothesis across outcomes. Exploratory analyses also found no evidence for the effect of naming being moderated by political affiliation. In conclusion, results provide no evidence that virus naming impacted individual’s attitudes toward Chinese individuals or perceptions of the virus, with the majority of analyses finding strong support for the null hypothesis. Therefore, based on the current evidence, it appears that the importance given to naming infectious diseases might be inflated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nilotpal Jha
- Lee Kong Chian School of Business, Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jochen Reb
- Lee Kong Chian School of Business, Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore
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Hu Z, Yang Z, Li Q, Zhang A. The COVID-19 Infodemic: Infodemiology Study Analyzing Stigmatizing Search Terms. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e22639. [PMID: 33156807 PMCID: PMC7674145 DOI: 10.2196/22639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the context of the COVID-19 infodemic, the global profusion of monikers and hashtags for COVID-19 have found their way into daily communication and contributed to a backlash against China and the Chinese people. OBJECTIVE This study examines public engagement in crisis communication about COVID-19 during the early epidemic stage and the practical strategy of social mobilization to mitigate the infodemic. METHODS We retrieved the unbiased values of the top-ranked search phrases between December 30, 2019, and July 15, 2020, which normalized the anonymized, categorized, and aggregated samples from Google Search data. This study illustrates the most-searched terms, including the official COVID-19 terms, the stigmatized terms, and other controls, to measure the collective behavioral propensities to stigmatized terms and to explore the global reaction to the COVID-19 epidemic in the real world. We calculated the ratio of the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases to the regional population as the cumulative rate (R) of a specific country or territory and calculated the Gini coefficient (G) to measure the collective heterogeneity of crowd behavior. RESULTS People around the world are using stigmatizing terms on Google Search, and these terms were used earlier than the official names. Many stigmatized monikers against China (eg, "Wuhan pneumonia," G=0.73; "Wuhan coronavirus," G=0.60; "China pneumonia," G=0.59; "China coronavirus," G=0.52; "Chinese coronavirus," G=0.50) had high collective heterogeneity of crowd behavior between December 30, 2019, and July 15, 2020, while the official terms "COVID-19" (G=0.44) and "SARS-CoV-2" (G=0.42) have not become de facto standard usages. Moreover, the pattern of high consistent usage was observed in 13 territories with low cumulative rates (R) between January 16 and July 15, 2020, out of 58 countries and territories that have reported confirmed cases of COVID-19. In the scientific literature, multifarious naming practices may have provoked unintended negative impacts by stigmatizing Chinese people. The World Health Organization; the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization; and the media initiated campaigns for fighting back against the COVID-19 infodemic with the same mission but in diverse voices. CONCLUSIONS Infodemiological analysis can articulate the collective propensities to stigmatized monikers across search behaviors, which may reflect the collective sentiment of backlash against China and Chinese people in the real world. The full-fledged official terms are expected to fight back against the resilience of negative perceptual bias amid the COVID-19 epidemic. Such official naming efforts against the infodemic should be met with a fair share of identification in scientific conventions and sociocultural paradigms. As an integral component of preparedness, appropriate nomenclatures should be duly assigned to the newly identified coronavirus, and social mobilization in a uniform voice is a priority for combating the next infodemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Hu
- School of Computer and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongliang Yang
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Li
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - An Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Yale SH, Tekiner H, Yale ES. Redefining terminology for medical eponyms. Reumatologia 2020; 58:187-188. [PMID: 32684654 PMCID: PMC7362272 DOI: 10.5114/reum.2020.96548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There are those who support and others who refute the use of medical eponyms. Clarified are the use of the terms eponyms and medical eponyms. We proposed the redesign of a more specific definition for a medical eponym. Therefore, a medical eponym in clinical medicine is defined as a honorific term bestowed to an individual who identified or discovered, a disease, sign, symptom, syndrome, test, finding, anatomical part, or designed a device, procedure, view, treatment, classification, prediction rule, principle, or algorithm. Thus medical eponyms include those aspects which involve patient care or applications of care. Further discussed and clarified are misconceptions regarding the use of medical eponyms, distinguishing features of other types of “onyms”, and supporting and opposing views regarding their retention and disbarment. Recognized is the importance that medical eponyms be carefully studied using an evidence-based approach before they are abandoned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Howard Yale
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, United States
| | - Halil Tekiner
- Department of the History of Medicine and Ethics, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Turkey
| | - Eileen Scott Yale
- University of Florida, Division of General Internal Medicine, United States
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12
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Why we should stop using the word leprosy. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020; 20:e75-e78. [PMID: 32135079 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Leprosy is endemic in more than 100 countries worldwide, with over 200 000 new diagnoses each year and more than 4 million people living with some form of impairment related to leprosy. The term leprosy, as used in the Bible, designated a multitude of diseases with skin manifestations. Biblical leprosy carried huge stigma and was considered synonymous with impurity and divine punishment. Global actions to eliminate leprosy have been implemented but have yet to succeed, with stigmatisation and discrimination against people affected by the disease being recognised as two of the biggest obstacles. In Brazil, leprosy was officially renamed hanseníase (Hansen's disease) in 1975, and the Brazilian experience of renaming leprosy during the past four decades has given clear signs of the benefit of this measure in fighting stigma and discrimination. More recent actions by WHO and many years of advocacy by patient organisations have followed, but concrete and effective measures to dignify language and terminology need to be implemented as soon as possible.
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Camargo Jr. KRD. Trying to make sense out of chaos: science, politics and the COVID-19 pandemic. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2020; 36:e00088120. [DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00088120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract: This essay discusses the proliferation of discourses about the COVID-19 pandemic, presenting the challenges both to science and public policies that such an information overload present, having Collins’ sociology of expertise as a theoretical framework.
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Saeed F, Mihan R, Mousavi SZ, Reniers RL, Bateni FS, Alikhani R, Mousavi SB. A Narrative Review of Stigma Related to Infectious Disease Outbreaks: What Can Be Learned in the Face of the Covid-19 Pandemic? Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:565919. [PMID: 33343414 PMCID: PMC7738431 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.565919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious disease pandemics are associated with social consequences and stigma that are noticeably similar in various health conditions, health systems, and cultures. Stigma impacts health-related outcomes, not only as a barrier to receiving the timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment but also as an important variable that increases mental health issues such as anxiety and depression. The COVID-19 outbreak has been associated with stigma too. Studying similarities as well as differences in the features of stigma observed in each outbreak can provide us with the knowledge and deeper understanding of the situation, which is necessary for approaching the issue comprehensively. The stigma needs to be addressed rigorously by professionals and health care providers as well as authorities. Here, we narratively review stigma due to some well-known infectious diseases and how it parallels to the current COVID-19 situation. After discussing its effects on both individuals and societies, we provide solutions to manage this important issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Saeed
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosis Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ronak Mihan
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosis Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Zeinab Mousavi
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Renate Lep Reniers
- Institute of Clinical Sciences & Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Bateni
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosis Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rosa Alikhani
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosis Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Bentolhoda Mousavi
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosis Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Kuhn JH, Adachi T, Adhikari NKJ, Arribas JR, Bah IE, Bausch DG, Bhadelia N, Borchert M, Brantsæter AB, Brett-Major DM, Burgess TH, Chertow DS, Chute CG, Cieslak TJ, Colebunders R, Crozier I, Davey RT, de Clerck H, Delgado R, Evans L, Fallah M, Fischer WA, Fletcher TE, Fowler RA, Grünewald T, Hall A, Hewlett A, Hoepelman AIM, Houlihan CF, Ippolito G, Jacob ST, Jacobs M, Jakob R, Jacquerioz FA, Kaiser L, Kalil AC, Kamara RF, Kapetshi J, Klenk HD, Kobinger G, Kortepeter MG, Kraft CS, Kratz T, Bosa HSK, Lado M, Lamontagne F, Lane HC, Lobel L, Lutwama J, Lyon GM, Massaquoi MBF, Massaquoi TA, Mehta AK, Makuma VM, Murthy S, Musoke TS, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Nakyeyune P, Nanclares C, Nanyunja M, Nsio-Mbeta J, O'Dempsey T, Pawęska JT, Peters CJ, Piot P, Rapp C, Renaud B, Ribner B, Sabeti PC, Schieffelin JS, Slenczka W, Soka MJ, Sprecher A, Strong J, Swanepoel R, Uyeki TM, van Herp M, Vetter P, Wohl DA, Wolf T, Wolz A, Wurie AH, Yoti Z. New filovirus disease classification and nomenclature. Nat Rev Microbiol 2019; 17:261-263. [PMID: 30926957 PMCID: PMC6637750 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-019-0187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The recent large outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in Western Africa resulted in greatly increased accumulation of human genotypic, phenotypic and clinical data, and improved our understanding of the spectrum of clinical manifestations. As a result, the WHO disease classification of EVD underwent major revision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens H Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Takuya Adachi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Toshima Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Neill K J Adhikari
- Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jose R Arribas
- Internal Medicine Department, Infectious Diseases Unit Madrid, Hospital La Paz-Carlos III IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Matthias Borchert
- Centre for International Health Protection, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arne Broch Brantsæter
- Division of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Norwegian National Unit for CBRNE Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - David M Brett-Major
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Timothy H Burgess
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel S Chertow
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Emerging Pathogens Section, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher G Chute
- Schools of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Theodore J Cieslak
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Public Health, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Ian Crozier
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research supported by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Richard T Davey
- Clinical Research Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Rafael Delgado
- Molecular Microbiology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Evans
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - William A Fischer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tom E Fletcher
- Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool Institute of Translational Medicine and National Institute for Health Research, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Fowler
- Departments of Medicine and Critical Care Medicine, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Andy Hall
- King's Sierra Leone Partnership, King's Centre for Global Health, King's College London & King's Health Partners, London, UK
| | | | - Andy I M Hoepelman
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Giuseppe Ippolito
- Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive "Lazzaro Spallanzani" (National Institute for Infectious diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" - IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Shevin T Jacob
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michael Jacobs
- Department of Infection, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Frederique A Jacquerioz
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Geneva Center for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andre C Kalil
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Jimmy Kapetshi
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Hans-Dieter Klenk
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg an der Lahn, Hesse, Germany
| | - Gary Kobinger
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Mark G Kortepeter
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Public Health, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Thomas Kratz
- Federal Information Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henry S Kyobe Bosa
- College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Marta Lado
- Partners in Health (PIH), Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | | | - H Cliff Lane
- Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leslie Lobel
- Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Emerging Diseases, Tropical Diseases and AIDS, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Julius Lutwama
- Uganda Virus Research Institute, Arbovirology Emerging and Re-emerging Diseases, Entebbe, Uganda
| | | | - Moses B F Massaquoi
- Sub-Regional Consortium on Ebola Vaccine and Therapeutic Trials, Clinton Health Access Initiative - Liberia, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Srinivas Murthy
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kinshasa Medical School, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Phiona Nakyeyune
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Miriam Nanyunja
- Department of Communicable Diseases, World Health Organization, Kampala, Kampala District, Uganda
| | - Justus Nsio-Mbeta
- Direction Générale de Lutte contre la Maladie, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Tim O'Dempsey
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Janusz T Pawęska
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, 2131, Sandringham-Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | | | - Peter Piot
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christophe Rapp
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Bégin Military Teaching Hospital, Saint-Mande, France
| | - Bertrand Renaud
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Bruce Ribner
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pardis C Sabeti
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Werner Slenczka
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg an der Lahn, Hesse, Germany
| | - Moses J Soka
- Partnership for Ebola Virus Disease Research in Liberia, Monrovia Medical Units ELWA-2 Hospital, Monrovia, Liberia
| | | | - James Strong
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Special Pathogens Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Swanepoel
- Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Research Programme, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Timothy M Uyeki
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Pauline Vetter
- Geneva Center for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David A Wohl
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Timo Wolf
- University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anja Wolz
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alie H Wurie
- Sierra Leone Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Zabulon Yoti
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Democratic Republic of the Congo
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Dua D, Singh SM. Schizophrenia: A disorder in search of a new name. Asian J Psychiatr 2019; 42:55-56. [PMID: 30953885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Devakshi Dua
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Shubh Mohan Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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Greninger AL. A decade of RNA virus metagenomics is (not) enough. Virus Res 2018; 244:218-229. [PMID: 29055712 PMCID: PMC7114529 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It is hard to overemphasize the role that metagenomics has had on our recent understanding of RNA virus diversity. Metagenomics in the 21st century has brought with it an explosion in the number of RNA virus species, genera, and families far exceeding that following the discovery of the microscope in the 18th century for eukaryotic life or culture media in the 19th century for bacteriology or the 20th century for virology. When the definition of success in organism discovery is measured by sequence diversity and evolutionary distance, RNA viruses win. This review explores the history of RNA virus metagenomics, reasons for the successes so far in RNA virus metagenomics, and methodological concerns. In addition, the review briefly covers clinical metagenomics and environmental metagenomics and highlights some of the critical accomplishments that have defined the fast pace of RNA virus discoveries in recent years. Slightly more than a decade in, the field is exhausted from its discoveries but knows that there is yet even more out there to be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L Greninger
- Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
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18
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Kaur Y, de Souza RJ, Gibson WT, Meyre D. A systematic review of genetic syndromes with obesity. Obes Rev 2017; 18:603-634. [PMID: 28346723 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Syndromic monogenic obesity typically follows Mendelian patterns of inheritance and involves the co-presentation of other characteristics, such as mental retardation, dysmorphic features and organ-specific abnormalities. Previous reviews on obesity have reported 20 to 30 syndromes but no systematic review has yet been conducted on syndromic obesity. We searched seven databases using terms such as 'obesity', 'syndrome' and 'gene' to conduct a systematic review of literature on syndromic obesity. Our literature search identified 13,719 references. After abstract and full-text review, 119 relevant papers were eligible, and 42 papers were identified through additional searches. Our analysis of these 161 papers found that 79 obesity syndromes have been reported in literature. Of the 79 syndromes, 19 have been fully genetically elucidated, 11 have been partially elucidated, 27 have been mapped to a chromosomal region and for the remaining 22, neither the gene(s) nor the chromosomal location(s) have yet been identified. Interestingly, 54.4% of the syndromes have not been assigned a name, whereas 13.9% have more than one name. We report on organizational inconsistencies (e.g. naming discrepancies and syndrome classification) and provide suggestions for improvements. Overall, this review illustrates the need for increased clinical and genetic research on syndromes with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kaur
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - R J de Souza
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - W T Gibson
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - D Meyre
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Rothschild BM. Return to clinical in contrast to serologically-based diagnoses. World J Rheumatol 2016; 6:1-8. [DOI: 10.5499/wjr.v6.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The future of rheumatology is predicated upon a return to basics. The advent and facile availability of laboratory testing led to reduction of emphasis on clinical skills. Recognition that immunologic abnormalities are not limited to individuals who clearly have related pathology provides new motivation for reorientation of training programs to assure that graduates have appropriate information gathering, diagnostic and procedural skills. Inadequate accessibility to rheumatologic care requires innovative approaches and especially training and educating those individuals who provide primary care. While the rheumatologist can elicit the patient’s history remotely, telerheumatology will be feasible only when the individual interacting physically with the patient has confidence in their examination skills and when those skills have been validated. Named syndromes or diseases will be modified to avoid impugning the individual or compromising their future access to health, disability and life insurance. Interventions will be pursued in a more cost-effective, evidence-based manner. The future of rheumatology is dependent upon the rheumatologist’s ability to amortize the inadequate reimbursement for direct patient interaction, depending on skills of interpretation of standard X-rays, ultrasound performance and results.
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Kelly JF, Saitz R, Wakeman S. Language, Substance Use Disorders, and Policy: The Need to Reach Consensus on an “Addiction-ary”. ALCOHOLISM TREATMENT QUARTERLY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/07347324.2016.1113103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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