1
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Altshuler A, Amitai-Lange A, Nasser W, Dimri S, Bhattacharya S, Tiosano B, Barbara R, Aberdam D, Shimmura S, Shalom-Feuerstein R. Eyes open on stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:2313-2327. [PMID: 38039972 PMCID: PMC10724227 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the murine cornea has reemerged as a robust stem cell (SC) model, allowing individual SC tracing in living animals. The cornea has pioneered seminal discoveries in SC biology and regenerative medicine, from the first corneal transplantation in 1905 to the identification of limbal SCs and their transplantation to successfully restore vision in the early 1990s. Recent experiments have exposed unexpected properties attributed to SCs and progenitors and revealed flexibility in the differentiation program and a key role for the SC niche. Here, we discuss the limbal SC model and its broader relevance to other tissues, disease, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Altshuler
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel.
| | - Aya Amitai-Lange
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Waseem Nasser
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Shalini Dimri
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Swarnabh Bhattacharya
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Beatrice Tiosano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Ramez Barbara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Daniel Aberdam
- Université Paris-Cité, INSERM U1138, Centre des Cordeliers, 75270 Paris, France
| | - Shigeto Shimmura
- Department of Clinical Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Medical Innovation Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ruby Shalom-Feuerstein
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel.
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2
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Thrane K, Winge MCG, Wang H, Chen L, Guo MG, Andersson A, Abalo XM, Yang X, Kim DS, Longo SK, Soong BY, Meyers JM, Reynolds DL, McGeever A, Demircioglu D, Hasson D, Mirzazadeh R, Rubin AJ, Bae GH, Karkanias J, Rieger K, Lundeberg J, Ji AL. Single-Cell and Spatial Transcriptomic Analysis of Human Skin Delineates Intercellular Communication and Pathogenic Cells. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:2177-2192.e13. [PMID: 37142187 PMCID: PMC10592679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal homeostasis is governed by a balance between keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation with contributions from cell-cell interactions, but conserved or divergent mechanisms governing this equilibrium across species and how an imbalance contributes to skin disease are largely undefined. To address these questions, human skin single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics data were integrated and compared with mouse skin data. Human skin cell-type annotation was improved using matched spatial transcriptomics data, highlighting the importance of spatial context in cell-type identity, and spatial transcriptomics refined cellular communication inference. In cross-species analyses, we identified a human spinous keratinocyte subpopulation that exhibited proliferative capacity and a heavy metal processing signature, which was absent in mouse and may account for species differences in epidermal thickness. This human subpopulation was expanded in psoriasis and zinc-deficiency dermatitis, attesting to disease relevance and suggesting a paradigm of subpopulation dysfunction as a hallmark of the disease. To assess additional potential subpopulation drivers of skin diseases, we performed cell-of-origin enrichment analysis within genodermatoses, nominating pathogenic cell subpopulations and their communication pathways, which highlighted multiple potential therapeutic targets. This integrated dataset is encompassed in a publicly available web resource to aid mechanistic and translational studies of normal and diseased skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Thrane
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Mårten C G Winge
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Black Family Stem Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Larry Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Black Family Stem Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Margaret G Guo
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Biomedical Informatics Program, Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Alma Andersson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Xesús M Abalo
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Xue Yang
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Daniel S Kim
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Biomedical Informatics Program, Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sophia K Longo
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Brian Y Soong
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Black Family Stem Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jordan M Meyers
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - David L Reynolds
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Aaron McGeever
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Deniz Demircioglu
- Bioinformatics for Next Generation Sequencing Core, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dan Hasson
- Bioinformatics for Next Generation Sequencing Core, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Reza Mirzazadeh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Adam J Rubin
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Gordon H Bae
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jim Karkanias
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kerri Rieger
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Joakim Lundeberg
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Andrew L Ji
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Black Family Stem Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
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3
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Raja E, Clarin MTRDC, Yanagisawa H. Matricellular Proteins in the Homeostasis, Regeneration, and Aging of Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14274. [PMID: 37762584 PMCID: PMC10531864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Matricellular proteins are secreted extracellular proteins that bear no primary structural functions but play crucial roles in tissue remodeling during development, homeostasis, and aging. Despite their low expression after birth, matricellular proteins within skin compartments support the structural function of many extracellular matrix proteins, such as collagens. In this review, we summarize the function of matricellular proteins in skin stem cell niches that influence stem cells' fate and self-renewal ability. In the epidermal stem cell niche, fibulin 7 promotes epidermal stem cells' heterogeneity and fitness into old age, and the transforming growth factor-β-induced protein ig-h3 (TGFBI)-enhances epidermal stem cell growth and wound healing. In the hair follicle stem cell niche, matricellular proteins such as periostin, tenascin C, SPARC, fibulin 1, CCN2, and R-Spondin 2 and 3 modulate stem cell activity during the hair cycle and may stabilize arrector pili muscle attachment to the hair follicle during piloerections (goosebumps). In skin wound healing, matricellular proteins are upregulated, and their functions have been examined in various gain-and-loss-of-function studies. However, much remains unknown concerning whether these proteins modulate skin stem cell behavior, plasticity, or cell-cell communications during wound healing and aging, leaving a new avenue for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erna Raja
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan; (E.R.); (M.T.R.D.C.C.)
| | - Maria Thea Rane Dela Cruz Clarin
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan; (E.R.); (M.T.R.D.C.C.)
- Ph.D. Program in Humanics, School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yanagisawa
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan; (E.R.); (M.T.R.D.C.C.)
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4
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Zheng R, Yan W, Xia Y. Highly water-dispersible hydroxyl functionalized covalent organic frameworks as matrix for enhanced MALDI-TOF MS identification and quantification of quaternary ammonium salts in water and fruits. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1227:340269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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5
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Pontiggia L, Ahuja AK, Yosef HK, Rütsche D, Reichmann E, Moehrlen U, Biedermann T. Human Basal and Suprabasal Keratinocytes Are Both Able to Generate and Maintain Dermo-Epidermal Skin Substitutes in Long-Term In Vivo Experiments. Cells 2022; 11:2156. [PMID: 35883599 PMCID: PMC9319791 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The basal layer of human interfollicular epidermis has been described to harbour both quiescent keratinocyte stem cells and a transit amplifying cell population that maintains the suprabasal epidermal layers. We performed immunofluorescence analyses and revealed that the main proliferative keratinocyte pool in vivo resides suprabasally. We isolated from the human epidermis two distinct cell populations, the basal and the suprabasal keratinocytes, according to the expression of integrin β4 (iβ4). We compared basal iβ4+ or suprabasal iβ4- keratinocytes with respect to their proliferation and colony-forming ability and their Raman spectral properties. In addition, we generated dermo-epidermal substitutes using freshly isolated and sorted basal iβ4+ or suprabasal iβ4- keratinocytes and transplanted them on immuno-compromised rats. We show that suprabasal iβ4- keratinocytes acquire a similar proliferative capacity as basal iβ4+ keratinocytes after two weeks of culture in vitro, with expression of high levels of iβ4 and downregulation of K10 expression. In addition, both basal iβ4+ and suprabasal iβ4- keratinocytes acquire authentic self-renewing properties during the in vitro 3D-culture phase and are able to generate and maintain a fully stratified epidermis for 16 weeks in vivo. Therefore, against the leading dogma, we propose that human suprabasal keratinocytes can retro-differentiate into true basal stem cells in a wound situation and/or when in contact with the basement membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pontiggia
- Tissue Biology Research Unit, Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (A.K.A.); (D.R.); (E.R.); (U.M.); (T.B.)
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Akshay Kumar Ahuja
- Tissue Biology Research Unit, Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (A.K.A.); (D.R.); (E.R.); (U.M.); (T.B.)
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Dominic Rütsche
- Tissue Biology Research Unit, Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (A.K.A.); (D.R.); (E.R.); (U.M.); (T.B.)
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ernst Reichmann
- Tissue Biology Research Unit, Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (A.K.A.); (D.R.); (E.R.); (U.M.); (T.B.)
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ueli Moehrlen
- Tissue Biology Research Unit, Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (A.K.A.); (D.R.); (E.R.); (U.M.); (T.B.)
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Biedermann
- Tissue Biology Research Unit, Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (A.K.A.); (D.R.); (E.R.); (U.M.); (T.B.)
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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6
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Yoon CM, Lee SC, Choi JA. Usefulness of Kaloderm® in Finger Tip Necrosis : A Case Report. KOSIN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.7180/kmj.2021.36.2.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We experienced a case of crush injury of the hand for which we performed a flap surgery and treated the necrotic parts placement using cultured allogeneic keratinocytes (Kaloderm<sup>®</sup> ) with good results. The patient was a 31-year-old woman whose left middle finger was caught in a door, causing a crush injury. Although primary repair was performed, a 2 × 2.5-cm-sized necrosis developed, and a V-Y advancement flap was performed after the removal of dead tissues. However, a 1 × 2-cm-sized partial necrosis occurred and was treated using Kaloderm <sup>®</sup> . After the use of Kaloderm<sup>®</sup> , the patient’s wound was healed, and no complications, except for mild pain, were observed for 1 year after the surgery. If a necrotic site appears after flap placement of fingertip, its treatment is difficult. If used well, Kaloderm<sup>®</sup> may be a good option for necrosis of the fingertips and other areas that are difficult to cure.
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7
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Aleemardani M, Trikić MZ, Green NH, Claeyssens F. The Importance of Mimicking Dermal-Epidermal Junction for Skin Tissue Engineering: A Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8110148. [PMID: 34821714 PMCID: PMC8614934 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8110148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a distinct boundary between the dermis and epidermis in the human skin called the basement membrane, a dense collagen network that creates undulations of the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ). The DEJ plays multiple roles in skin homeostasis and function, namely, enhancing the adhesion and physical interlock of the layers, creating niches for epidermal stem cells, regulating the cellular microenvironment, and providing a physical boundary layer between fibroblasts and keratinocytes. However, the primary role of the DEJ has been determined as skin integrity; there are still aspects of it that are poorly investigated. Tissue engineering (TE) has evolved promising skin regeneration strategies and already developed TE scaffolds for clinical use. However, the currently available skin TE equivalents neglect to replicate the DEJ anatomical structures. The emergent ability to produce increasingly complex scaffolds for skin TE will enable the development of closer physical and physiological mimics to natural skin; it also allows researchers to study the DEJ effect on cell function. Few studies have created patterned substrates that could mimic the human DEJ to explore their significance. Here, we first review the DEJ roles and then critically discuss the TE strategies to create the DEJ undulating structure and their effects. New approaches in this field could be instrumental for improving bioengineered skin substitutes, creating 3D engineered skin, identifying pathological mechanisms, and producing and screening drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Aleemardani
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK; (M.A.); (M.Z.T.); (N.H.G.)
| | - Michael Zivojin Trikić
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK; (M.A.); (M.Z.T.); (N.H.G.)
| | - Nicola Helen Green
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK; (M.A.); (M.Z.T.); (N.H.G.)
- Insigneo Institute for in Silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK; (M.A.); (M.Z.T.); (N.H.G.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Li L, Chen H, He S, Sa G. The adhesive heterogeneity of different compartments of oral mucosal rete ridges. Exp Dermatol 2021; 31:413-419. [PMID: 34665894 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Rete ridges play a critical role in maintaining epidermal structure and mechanical properties. Notably, rete ridges can be divided into three compartments: the base, slope and tip. The present study aims to explore whether these three compartments have distinct adhesive functions. We collected 28 normal masticatory mucosae to prepare paraffin-embedded sections. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescent staining were used to analyse the expression pattern of integrin α6 and β4 in different compartments of the rete ridges. To observe whether the different compartments had distinct adhesive forces, dermal-epidermal junction separation experiments were performed by peeling the oral epithelium from the lamina propria after treatment with cold saline for 72 h. The results showed that integrin α6 and β4 prefer the basal layer keratinocytes closely adjacent to the base compartment of the rete ridges. The oral mucosal epithelium separated from the underlying lamina propria at the tip of rete ridges when they were peeled after the cold saline treatment. In conclusion, the adhesive force of the basal layer keratinocytes at the base of the rete ridges is stronger than at the tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sangang He
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoliang Sa
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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9
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Wang J, Mongan M, Zhang X, Xia Y. Isolation and long-term expansion of murine epidermal stem-like cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254731. [PMID: 34270586 PMCID: PMC8284819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermis is the most outer layer of the skin and a physical barrier protecting the internal tissues from mechanical and environmental insults. The basal keratinocytes, which, through proliferation and differentiation, supply diverse cell types for epidermal homeostasis and injury repair. Sustainable culture of murine keratinocyte, however, is a major obstacle. Here we developed murine keratinocyte lines using low-Ca2+ (0.06 mM) keratinocyte serum-free medium (KSFM-Ca2+) without feeder cells. Cells derived in this condition could be subcultured for >70 passages. They displayed basal epithelial cell morphology and expressed keratin (Krt) 14, but lacked the epithelial-characteristic intercellular junctions. Moreover, these cells could be adapted to grow in the Defined-KSFM (DKSFM) media containing 0.15 mM Ca2+, and the adapted cells established tight- and adherens-junctions and exhibited increased Krt1/10 expression while retained subculture capacity. Global gene expression studies showed cells derived in KSFM-Ca2+ media had enriched stem/proliferation markers and cells adapted in DKSFM media had epithelial progenitor signatures. Correspondingly, KSFM-Ca2+-derived cells exhibited a remarkable capacity of clonal expansion, whereas DKSFM-adapted cells could differentiate to suprabasal epithelial cell types in 3-dimentional (3D) organoids. The generation of stem-like murine keratinocyte lines and the conversion of these cells to epithelial progenitors capable of terminal differentiation provide the critically needed resources for skin research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Maureen Mongan
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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10
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Lee J, Wu Y, Harada BT, Li Y, Zhao J, He C, Ma Y, Wu X. N 6 -methyladenosine modification of lncRNA Pvt1 governs epidermal stemness. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106276. [PMID: 33729590 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic chemical modifications of RNA represent novel and fundamental mechanisms that regulate stemness and tissue homeostasis. Rejuvenation and wound repair of mammalian skin are sustained by epidermal progenitor cells, which are localized within the basal layer of the skin epidermis. N6 -methyladenosine (m6 A) is one of the most abundant modifications found in eukaryotic mRNA and lncRNA (long noncoding RNA). In this report, we survey changes of m6 A RNA methylomes upon epidermal differentiation and identify Pvt1, a lncRNA whose m6 A modification is critically involved in sustaining stemness of epidermal progenitor cells. With genome-editing and a mouse genetics approach, we show that ablation of m6 A methyltransferase or Pvt1 impairs the self-renewal and wound healing capability of skin. Mechanistically, methylation of Pvt1 transcripts enhances its interaction with MYC and stabilizes the MYC protein in epidermal progenitor cells. Our study presents a global view of epitranscriptomic dynamics that occur during epidermal differentiation and identifies the m6 A modification of Pvt1 as a key signaling event involved in skin tissue homeostasis and wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Lee
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bryan T Harada
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yanlei Ma
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wu
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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11
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Murphy GF. COVID-19 and graft-versus-host disease: a tale of two diseases (and why age matters). J Transl Med 2021; 101:274-279. [PMID: 33299126 PMCID: PMC7724622 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-00520-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Disorders involving injury to tissue stem cells that ensure normal tissue homeostasis and repair have potential to show unusually devastating clinical consequences. Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is one condition where relatively few cytotoxic immune cells target skin stem cells to produce significant morbidity and mortality. By analogy, SARS-CoV-2 is a vector that initially homes to pulmonary stem cells that preferentially express the ACE2 receptor, thus potentially incurring similarly robust pathological consequences. In older individuals, stem cell number and/or function become depleted due to pathways independent of disease-related injury to these subpopulations. Accordingly, pathologic targeting of stem cells in conditions like aGVHD and COVID-19 infection where these cells are already deficient due to the aging process may have dire consequences in elderly individuals. A hypothesis is herein advanced that, as with aGVHD, lung stem cell targeting is a potential co-factor in explaining age-related severity of COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- George F Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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12
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Flynn LE, Woodhouse KA. Burn Dressing Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering. Biomed Mater 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-49206-9_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Roig-Rosello E, Rousselle P. The Human Epidermal Basement Membrane: A Shaped and Cell Instructive Platform That Aging Slowly Alters. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1607. [PMID: 33260936 PMCID: PMC7760980 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most important functions of skin is to act as a protective barrier. To fulfill this role, the structural integrity of the skin depends on the dermal-epidermal junction-a complex network of extracellular matrix macromolecules that connect the outer epidermal layer to the underlying dermis. This junction provides both a structural support to keratinocytes and a specific niche that mediates signals influencing their behavior. It displays a distinctive microarchitecture characterized by an undulating pattern, strengthening dermal-epidermal connectivity and crosstalk. The optimal stiffness arising from the overall molecular organization, together with characteristic anchoring complexes, keeps the dermis and epidermis layers extremely well connected and capable of proper epidermal renewal and regeneration. Due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors, a large number of structural and biological changes accompany skin aging. These changes progressively weaken the dermal-epidermal junction substructure and affect its functions, contributing to the gradual decline in overall skin physiology. Most changes involve reduced turnover or altered enzymatic or non-enzymatic post-translational modifications, compromising the mechanical properties of matrix components and cells. This review combines recent and older data on organization of the dermal-epidermal junction, its mechanical properties and role in mechanotransduction, its involvement in regeneration, and its fate during the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Roig-Rosello
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305, CNRS-Université Lyon 1, SFR BioSciences Gerland-Lyon Sud, 7 Passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France;
- Roger Gallet SAS, 4 rue Euler, 75008 Paris, France
| | - Patricia Rousselle
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305, CNRS-Université Lyon 1, SFR BioSciences Gerland-Lyon Sud, 7 Passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France;
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14
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Russell-Goldman E, Murphy GF. The Pathobiology of Skin Aging: New Insights into an Old Dilemma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:1356-1369. [PMID: 32246919 PMCID: PMC7481755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Long considered both physiologic and inevitable, skin aging is a degenerative phenomenon whereby both intrinsic and environmental factors conspire to produce an authentic disease. The consequences of this disorder are many and varied, ranging from atrophy and fragility to defective repair to deficient immunity and vulnerability to certain infections. The pathobiologic basis for skin aging remains poorly understood. At a cellular level, stem cell dysfunction and attrition appear to be key events, and both genetic and epigenetic factors are involved in a complex interplay that over time results in deterioration of our main protective interface with the external environment. Past and current understanding of the cellular and molecular intricacies of skin aging provide a foundation for future approaches designed to thwart the aging phenotype. Herein, the authors provide a review of current insights into skin aging, including the mechanisms of skin aging, the role of stem cells in skin aging and the implications of skin aging for the microbiome and for the development of cancer. Conquest of the oft overlooked disease of skin aging should have broad implications that transcend the integument and inform novel approaches to retarding aging and age-related dysfunction in those internal organs that youthful skin was designed to envelop and safeguard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Russell-Goldman
- Program in Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - George F Murphy
- Program in Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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15
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Piedrafita G, Kostiou V, Wabik A, Colom B, Fernandez-Antoran D, Herms A, Murai K, Hall BA, Jones PH. A single-progenitor model as the unifying paradigm of epidermal and esophageal epithelial maintenance in mice. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1429. [PMID: 32188860 PMCID: PMC7080751 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15258-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In adult skin epidermis and the epithelium lining the esophagus cells are constantly shed from the tissue surface and replaced by cell division. Tracking genetically labelled cells in transgenic mice has given insight into cell behavior, but conflicting models appear consistent with the results. Here, we use an additional transgenic assay to follow cell division in mouse esophagus and the epidermis at multiple body sites. We find that proliferating cells divide at a similar rate, and place bounds on the distribution cell cycle times. By including these results in a common analytic approach, we show that data from eight lineage tracing experiments is consistent with tissue maintenance by a single population of proliferating cells. The outcome of a given cell division is unpredictable but, on average, the likelihood of producing proliferating and differentiating cells is equal, ensuring cellular homeostasis. These findings are key to understanding squamous epithelial homeostasis and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Piedrafita
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), C/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, 29029, Spain
| | - Vasiliki Kostiou
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | | | | | | | - Albert Herms
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Kasumi Murai
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Benjamin A Hall
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK.
| | - Philip H Jones
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK.
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK.
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16
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Blair MJ, Jones JD, Woessner AE, Quinn KP. Skin Structure-Function Relationships and the Wound Healing Response to Intrinsic Aging. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2020; 9:127-143. [PMID: 31993254 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2019.1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Significance: Chronic wounds, such as diabetic foot ulcers, venous stasis ulcers, and pressure ulcers affect millions of Americans each year, and disproportionately afflict our increasingly older population. Older individuals are predisposed to wound infection, repeated trauma, and the development of chronic wounds. However, a complete understanding of how the attributes of aging skin affect the wound healing process has remained elusive. Recent Advances: A variety of studies have demonstrated that the dermal matrix becomes thinner, increasingly crosslinked, and fragmented with advanced age. These structural changes, as well as an increase in cell senescence, result in altered collagen fiber remodeling and increased stiffness. Studies combining mechanical testing with advanced imaging techniques are providing new insights into the relationships between these age-related changes. Emerging research into the mechanobiology of aging and the wound healing process indicate that the altered mechanical environment of aged skin may have a significant effect on age-related delays in healing. Critical Issues: The interpretation and synthesis of clinical studies is confounded by the effects of common comorbidities that also contribute to the development of chronic wounds. A lack of quantitative biomarkers of wound healing and age-related changes makes understanding structure-function relationships during the wound healing process challenging. Future Directions: Additional work is needed to establish quantitative and mechanistic relationships among age-related changes in the skin microstructure, mechanical function, and the cellular responses to wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Blair
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Jake D. Jones
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Alan E. Woessner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Kyle P. Quinn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
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17
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Abstract
Under many circumstances, prophylactic immunizations are considered as the only possible strategy to control infectious diseases. Considerable efforts are typically invested in immunogen selection but, erroneously, the route of administration is not usually a major concern despite the fact that it can strongly influence efficacy. The skin is now considered a key component of the lymphatic system with tremendous potential as a target for vaccination. The purpose of this review is to present the immunological basis of the skin-associated lymphoid tissue, so as to provide understanding of the skin vaccination strategies. Several strategies are currently being developed for the transcutaneous delivery of antigens. The classical, mechanical or chemical disruptions versus the newest approaches based on microneedles for antigen delivery through the skin are discussed herein.
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18
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Li F, Yuan CW, Xu S, Zu T, Woappi Y, Lee CAA, Abarzua P, Wells M, Ramsey MR, Frank NY, Wu X, Mandinova A, Frank MH, Lian CG, Murphy GF. Loss of the Epigenetic Mark 5-hmC in Psoriasis: Implications for Epidermal Stem Cell Dysregulation. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 140:1266-1275.e3. [PMID: 31837302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation has a profound influence on stem cell fate during normal development in maintenance of physiologic tissue homeostasis. Here we report diminished ten-eleven translocation (TET) methylcytosine dioxygenase expression and loss of the DNA hydroxymethylation mark 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) in keratinocyte stem cells and transit amplifying cells in human psoriasis and in imiquimod-induced murine psoriasis. Loss of 5-hmC was associated with dysregulated keratinocyte stem cell kinetics, resulting in accumulation of nestin and FABP5-expressing transit amplifying cells to produce classic psoriatic epidermal architecture. Moreover, 5-hmC loss was accompanied by diminished TET1 and TET2 mRNA expression. Genome-wide mapping of epidermal 5-hmC in murine psoriasis revealed loci-specific loss of 5-hmC in genes regulating stem cell homeostasis, including MBD1, RTN1, STRN4, PRKD2, AKT1, and MAPKAP2, as well as those associated with RAR and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. In vitro restoration of TET expression by ascorbic acid was accomplished in cultured human keratinocyte stem cells to show similar Ca++-induced differentiation, resulting in increased 5-hmC levels and reduced nestin expression. To our knowledge, an epigenetic deficiency in psoriasis with relevance to stem cell dysregulation has not been previously reported. This observation raises the possibility that epigenetic modifiers that impact on the TET-5-hmC pathway may be a relevant approach of heretofore unappreciated therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Program in Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Christine W Yuan
- Program in Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shuyun Xu
- Program in Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tingjian Zu
- Program in Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yvon Woappi
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Catherine A A Lee
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Phammela Abarzua
- Program in Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Wells
- Program in Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew R Ramsey
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Natasha Y Frank
- Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xunwei Wu
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna Mandinova
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Markus H Frank
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christine G Lian
- Program in Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - George F Murphy
- Program in Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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19
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Divide and conquer: two stem cell populations in squamous epithelia, reserves and the active duty forces. Int J Oral Sci 2019; 11:26. [PMID: 31451683 PMCID: PMC6802623 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-019-0061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are of great interest to the scientific community due to their potential role in regenerative and rejuvenative medicine. However, their role in the aging process and carcinogenesis remains unclear. Because DNA replication in stem cells may contribute to the background mutation rate and thereby to cancer, reducing proliferation and establishing a relatively quiescent stem cell compartment has been hypothesized to limit DNA replication-associated mutagenesis. On the other hand, as the main function of stem cells is to provide daughter cells to build and maintain tissues, the idea of a quiescent stem cell compartment appears counterintuitive. Intriguing observations in mice have led to the idea of separated stem cell compartments that consist of cells with different proliferative activity. Some epithelia of short-lived rodents appear to lack quiescent stem cells. Comparing stem cells of different species and different organs (comparative stem cell biology) may allow us to elucidate the evolutionary pressures such as the balance between cancer and longevity that govern stem cell biology (evolutionary stem cell biology). The oral mucosa and its stem cells are an exciting model system to explore the characteristics of quiescent stem cells that have eluded biologists for decades.
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20
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Wang F, Wang X, Ma K, Zhang C, Chang J, Fu X. Akermanite bioceramic enhances wound healing with accelerated reepithelialization by promoting proliferation, migration, and stemness of epidermal cells. Wound Repair Regen 2019; 28:16-25. [PMID: 31270882 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Reepithelialization is an important step of wound healing, which is mainly completed by proliferation and migration of epidermal cells. Akermanite is a Ca-, Mg-, and Si-containing bioceramic. This study evaluated the effects of Akermanite on wound healing and investigated the mechanisms. Using scald burn mice models, we demonstrated that local Akermanite treatment significantly accelerated wound healing by increasing reepithelialization and the stemness of epidermal cells. Epidermal cells were cultured in medium containing Akermanite extracts to explore the cellular mechanism of reepithelialization. Akermanite promoted the cell proliferation and migration, maintaining more cells in the S and G2 /M phases of the cell cycle. An additional study showed that Akermanite enhanced the expressions of integrinβ1, Lgr4, Lgr5, and Lgr6, which are specific molecular markers of epidermal stem cells, accompanied by the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. These results suggested that Akermanite accelerated reepithelialization by increasing the proliferation, migration, and stemness of epidermal cells in a manner related to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which might contribute, at least partially, to accelerated wound healing by Akermanite therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wang
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medicine Science, College of Life Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Fourth Medical Center of General Hospital of PLA, 100048, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050, Shanghai, China
| | - Kui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Fourth Medical Center of General Hospital of PLA, 100048, Beijing, China
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Fourth Medical Center of General Hospital of PLA, 100048, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medicine Science, College of Life Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Fourth Medical Center of General Hospital of PLA, 100048, Beijing, China
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21
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Monson KL, Roberts MA, Knorr KB, Ali S, Meagher SB, Biggs K, Blume P, Brandelli D, Marzioli A, Reneau R, Tarasi F. The permanence of friction ridge skin and persistence of friction ridge skin and impressions: A comprehensive review and new results. Forensic Sci Int 2019; 297:111-131. [PMID: 30784948 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study addresses the permanence and persistence of friction ridges and the persistence of impressions made from these friction ridges over months and years. Permanence is the unchanging presence and appearance of friction ridge arrangements and their attributes between recurring observations of the skin. Permanence was evaluated from direct photographs of fingers collected over a period of 30-45 days (covering one or more skin regeneration cycles) as well as after 8 or more years had elapsed. Persistence embodies the operational concept of whether or not a pair of images displays sufficient similarity upon which to base an informed decision that they were made by the same finger, while acknowledging certain dissimilarities or distortions due to friction ridge physiology, image capture, matrix, substrate, and applied pressure. Persistence applies to both friction ridge skin and impressions made from these friction ridges. Permanence and persistence of skin were assessed from direct photographs of fingers taken two months apart and from finger photographs separated by an interval of at least 8 years. Permanence and persistence were also assessed from impressions taken over 4 months, as well as those separated by 8-53 years. Variability due to capture method was assessed by using four image capture methods over a four month period: direct photography of fingers, impressions captured by ink, holographic imaging, and live scan. Qualified latent fingerprint examiners assessed all changes observed over time, as well as any limitations imposed by capture method. The practice of comparison and identification of fingerprint impressions was upheld, as was the prevailing use of the word persistence to describe stability of friction ridges. All photographs and impressions of the same finger were identifiable as originating from the same source. Within all the periods of observation, level 1 detail was permanent and persistent. Persistence, but not permanence, was supported for level 2 detail. Notably, the small changes observed were only in appearance; there were no changes in the presence of new, or absence of existing, minutiae. Level 3 details of ridge edge shape and pore presence were neither permanent nor persistent. Ridge width was permanent and persistent. Incipient ridges were neither permanent nor persistent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kevin Biggs
- Mesa Police Department Forensic Services Section, Mesa, AZ, United States
| | - Patti Blume
- Orange County Sheriff"s Department, CA, United States
| | | | - Albert Marzioli
- Contra Costa County Forensic Services Division, Martinez, CA, United States
| | - Robert Reneau
- Illinois State Police Forensic Science Laboratory, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Frank Tarasi
- Formerly of Iowa Division of Criminal Investigation Criminalistics Laboratory, Ankeny, IA, United States
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22
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The monoclonal antibody EPR1614Y against the stem cell biomarker keratin K15 lacks specificity and reacts with other keratins. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1943. [PMID: 30760780 PMCID: PMC6374370 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38163-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratin 15 (K15), a type I keratin, which pairs with K5 in epidermis, has been used extensively as a biomarker for stem cells. Two commercial antibodies, LHK15, a mouse monoclonal and EPR1614Y, a rabbit monoclonal, have been widely employed to study K15 expression. Here we report differential reactivity of these antibodies on epithelial cells and tissue sections. Although the two antibodies specifically recognised K15 on western blot, they reacted differently on skin sections and cell lines. LHK15 reacted in patches, whereas EPR1614Y reacted homogenously with the basal keratinocytes in skin sections. In cultured cells, LHK15 did not react with K15 deficient NEB-1, KEB-11, MCF-7 and SW13 cells expressing only exogenous K8 and K18 but reacted when these cells were transduced with K15. On the other hand, EPR1614Y reacted with these cells even though they were devoid of K15. Taken together these results suggest that EPR1614Y recognises a conformational epitope on keratin filaments which can be reconstituted by other keratins as well as by K15. In conclusion, this report highlights that all commercially available antibodies may not be equally specific in identifying the K15 positive stem cell.
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23
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Helling AL, Viswanathan P, Cheliotis KS, Mobasseri SA, Yang Y, El Haj AJ, Watt FM. Dynamic Culture Substrates That Mimic the Topography of the Epidermal-Dermal Junction. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 25:214-223. [PMID: 30280972 PMCID: PMC6388717 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT In human skin the junction between the epidermis and dermis undulates. Epidermal stem cells pattern according to their position relative to those undulations. Here we describe a rig in which epidermal cells are cultured on a collagen-coated poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) membrane. When a vacuum is applied the membrane is induced to undulate. Stem cells cluster in response to the vacuum, whereas differentiating cells do not. Rho kinase inhibition results in loss of clustering, suggesting a role for Rho family members in the process. This dynamic platform is a new tool for investigating changes in the skin with age and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelen L Helling
- 1 Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Priyalakshmi Viswanathan
- 1 Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katerina S Cheliotis
- 1 Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Seyedeh Atefeh Mobasseri
- 1 Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ying Yang
- 2 Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - Alicia J El Haj
- 2 Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona M Watt
- 1 Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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24
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Chermnykh E, Kalabusheva E, Vorotelyak E. Extracellular Matrix as a Regulator of Epidermal Stem Cell Fate. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041003. [PMID: 29584689 PMCID: PMC5979429 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal stem cells reside within the specific anatomic location, called niche, which is a microenvironment that interacts with stem cells to regulate their fate. Regulation of many important processes, including maintenance of stem cell quiescence, self-renewal, and homeostasis, as well as the regulation of division and differentiation, are common functions of the stem cell niche. As it was shown in multiple studies, extracellular matrix (ECM) contributes a lot to stem cell niches in various tissues, including that of skin. In epidermis, ECM is represented, primarily, by a highly specialized ECM structure, basement membrane (BM), which separates the epidermal and dermal compartments. Epidermal stem cells contact with BM, but when they lose the contact and migrate to the overlying layers, they undergo terminal differentiation. When considering all of these factors, ECM is of fundamental importance in regulating epidermal stem cells maintenance, proper mobilization, and differentiation. Here, we summarize the remarkable progress that has recently been made in the research of ECM role in regulating epidermal stem cell fate, paying special attention to the hair follicle stem cell niche. We show that the destruction of ECM components impairs epidermal stem cell morphogenesis and homeostasis. A deep understanding of ECM molecular structure as well as the development of in vitro system for stem cell maintaining by ECM proteins may bring us to developing new approaches for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Chermnykh
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia.
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Ekaterina Kalabusheva
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia.
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Ekaterina Vorotelyak
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia.
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia.
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Petrović A, Petrović V, Jovanović D, Antović A, Milić M, Kocić H. LIGHT - MICROSCOPIC AND MORP HOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF ARGYROPHILIC NUCLEOL AR ORGANIZING REGION S IN DEEP EPIDERMAL RIDGES OF HUMAN THICK SKIN. ACTA MEDICA MEDIANAE 2018. [DOI: 10.5633/amm.2018.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Immunohistochemical distribution of Ki67 in epidermis of thick glabrous skin of human digits. Arch Dermatol Res 2017; 310:85-93. [PMID: 29119273 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-017-1793-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The glabrous skin on the flexor sides of hands and feet, compared to other integument regions, has thicker epidermis and more complex pattern of epidermal ridges, wherefore in microscopy is denominated as thick skin. The epidermis of this skin type has individually unique and permanent superficial patterns, called dermatoglyphics, which are maintained by regenerative potential of deep epidermal rete ridges, that interdigitate with adjacent dermis. Using light microscopy, we analyzed cadaveric big toes thick skin samples, described histology of deep epidermal ridges (intermediate, limiting, and transverse), and quantitatively evidenced their pattern of proliferation by immunohistochemical assessment of Ki67. Immunohistochemical distribution of Ki67 was confined to basal and suprabasal layers, with pattern of distribution specific for intermediate, limiting and transverse ridges that gradually transform within epidermal height. Deep epidermal ridges, interdigitating with dermal papillae, participate in construction of intricate epidermal base, whose possible role in epidermal regeneration was also discussed. Having a prominent morphology, this type of epidermis offers the best morphological insight in complexities of skin organization, and its understanding could challenge and improve currently accepted models of epidermal organization.
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The Role of Focal Adhesion Kinase in Keratinocyte Fibrogenic Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091915. [PMID: 28880199 PMCID: PMC5618564 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal skin scarring causes functional impairment, psychological stress, and high socioeconomic cost. Evidence shows that altered mechanotransduction pathways have been linked to both inflammation and fibrosis, and that focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a key mediator of these processes. We investigated the importance of keratinocyte FAK at the single cell level in key fibrogenic pathways critical for scar formation. Keratinocytes were isolated from wildtype and keratinocyte-specific FAK-deleted mice, cultured, and sorted into single cells. Keratinocytes were evaluated using a microfluidic-based platform for high-resolution transcriptional analysis. Partitive clustering, gene enrichment analysis, and network modeling were applied to characterize the significance of FAK on regulating keratinocyte subpopulations and fibrogenic pathways important for scar formation. Considerable transcriptional heterogeneity was observed within the keratinocyte populations. FAK-deleted keratinocytes demonstrated increased expression of genes integral to mechanotransduction and extracellular matrix production, including Igtbl, Mmpla, and Col4a1. Transcriptional activities upon FAK deletion were not identical across all single keratinocytes, resulting in higher frequency of a minor subpopulation characterized by a matrix-remodeling profile compared to wildtype keratinocyte population. The importance of keratinocyte FAK signaling gene expression was revealed. A minor subpopulation of keratinocytes characterized by a matrix-modulating profile may be a keratinocyte subset important for mechanotransduction and scar formation.
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Sa G, Xiong X, Ren J, Wang J, Xia H, Liu Z, He S, Zhao Y. KGF Enhances Oral Epithelial Adhesion and Rete Peg Elongation via Integrins. J Dent Res 2017; 96:1546-1554. [PMID: 28732179 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517720360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G.L. Sa
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - X.P. Xiong
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - J.G. Ren
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - J.Y. Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - H.F. Xia
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Z.K. Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - S.G. He
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Y.F. Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Isolating subpopulations of human epidermal basal cells based on polyclonal serum against trypsin-resistant CSPG4 epitopes. Exp Cell Res 2016; 350:368-379. [PMID: 28011196 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) is highly expressed by human epidermal keratinocytes located at the tip of the dermal papilla where keratinocytes show characteristics of stem cells. However, since available antibodies to CSPG4 are directed against trypsin-sensitive epitopes we have been unable to study these keratinocytes isolated directly from skin samples by flow cytometry. By choosing epitopes of CSPG4 relatively close to the cell membrane we were able to generate a polyclonal antibody that successfully detects CSPG4 on keratinocytes after trypsinization. Although CSPG4-positive basal cells express higher levels of Itgβ1 the colony-forming efficiency is slightly lower than CSPG4-negative basal cells. Sorting the directly isolated keratinocytes based on Itgβ1 did not reveal differences in colony-forming efficiency between keratinocytes expressing high or low levels of Itgβ1. However, after the first passage Itgβ1 could be used to predict colony-forming efficiency whether the culture was established from CSPG4-positive or CSPG4-negative basal cell keratinocytes. Although we were unable to detect differences in the colony-forming assay, global gene expression profiling showed that CSPG4-positive basal cell keratinocytes are distinct from CSPG4-negative basal cell keratinocytes. Our study demonstrates that it is possible to generate antibodies against trypsin-resistant epitopes of CSPG4. Our study also documents a marked change in behaviour upon cell culturing and challenges the way we assess for stemness within the human epidermal basal layer.
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Mitos y realidades del uso de las células troncales en la terapia oftalmológica. REVISTA MEXICANA DE OFTALMOLOGÍA 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mexoft.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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31
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The arrector pili muscle, the bridge between the follicular stem cell niche and the interfollicular epidermis. Anat Sci Int 2016; 92:151-158. [PMID: 27473595 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-016-0359-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Proximally, the arrector pili muscle (APM) attaches to the follicular stem cell niche in the bulge, but its distal properties are comparatively unclear. In this work, a novel method employing an F-actin probe, phalloidin, was employed to visualize the APM anatomy. Phalloidin staining of the APM was validated by comparison with conventional antibodies/stains and by generating three-dimensional reconstructions. The proximal attachment of the APM to the bulge in 8 patients with androgenic alopecia was studied using Masson's trichrome stain. Phalloidin visualized extensive branching of the APM. The distal end of the human APM exhibits a unique "C"-shaped structure connecting to the dermal-epidermal junction. The proximal APM attachment was observed to be lost or extremely miniaturized in androgenic alopecia. The unique shape, location, and attachment sites of the APM suggest a significant role for this muscle in maintaining follicular integrity. Proximally, the APM encircles the follicular unit and only attaches to the primary hair follicle in the bulge; this attachment is lost in irreversible hair loss. The APM exhibits an arborized morphology as it ascends toward the epidermis, and anchors to the basement membrane.
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Sarate RM, Chovatiya GL, Ravi V, Khade B, Gupta S, Waghmare SK. sPLA2 -IIA Overexpression in Mice Epidermis Depletes Hair Follicle Stem Cells and Induces Differentiation Mediated Through Enhanced JNK/c-Jun Activation. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2407-17. [PMID: 27299855 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Secretory phospholipase A2 Group-IIA (sPLA2 -IIA) catalyzes the hydrolysis of the sn-2 position of glycerophospholipids to yield fatty acids and lysophospholipids. sPLA2 -IIA is deregulated in various cancers; however, its role in hair follicle stem cell (HFSC) regulation is obscure. Here we report a transgenic mice overexpressing sPLA2 -IIA (K14-sPLA2 -IIA) showed depletion of HFSC pool. This was accompanied with increased differentiation, loss of ortho-parakeratotic organization and enlargement of sebaceous gland, infundibulum and junctional zone. The colony forming efficiency of keratinocytes was significantly reduced. Microarray profiling of HFSCs revealed enhanced level of epithelial mitogens and transcription factors, c-Jun and FosB that may be involved in proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, K14-sPLA2 -IIA keratinocytes showed enhanced activation of EGFR and JNK1/2 that led to c-Jun activation, which co-related with enhanced differentiation. Further, depletion of stem cells in bulge is associated with high levels of chromatin silencing mark, H3K27me3 and low levels of an activator mark, H3K9ac suggestive of alteration in gene expression contributing toward stem cells differentiation. Our results, first time uncovered that overexpression of sPLA2 -IIA lead to depletion of HFSCs and differentiation associated with altered histone modification. Thus involvement of sPLA2 -IIA in stem cells regulation and disease pathogenesis suggest its prospective clinical implications. Stem Cells 2016;34:2407-2417.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bharat Khade
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Lab, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Lab, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Leifert WR, Nguyen T, Rembach A, Martins R, Rainey-Smith S, Masters CL, Ames D, Rowe CC, Macaulay SL, François M, Fenech MF. Buccal Cell Cytokeratin 14 Correlates with Multiple Blood Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease Risk. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 48:443-52. [PMID: 26402008 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may reflect early stages of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our hypothesis was that cytokeratin 14 (CK14) expression could be used with blood-based biomarkers such as homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folate to identify individuals with MCI or AD from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) flagship study of aging. Buccal cells from 54 individuals were analyzed by a newly developed method that is rapid, automated, and quantitative for buccal cell CK14 expression levels. CK14 was negatively correlated with plasma Mg²⁺ and LDL, while positively correlated with vitamin B12, red cell hematocrit/volume, and basophils in the MCI group and positively correlated with insulin and vitamin B12 in the AD group. The combined biomarker panel (CK14 expression, plasma vitamin B12, and homocysteine) was significantly lower in the MCI (p = 0.003) and AD (p = 0.0001) groups compared with controls. Receiver-operating characteristic curves yielded area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.829 for the MCI (p = 0.002) group and 0.856 for the AD (p = 0.0003) group. These complex associations of multiple related parameters highlight the differences between the MCI and AD cohorts and possibly an underlying metabolic pathology associated with the development of early memory impairment. The changes in buccal cell CK14 expression observed in this pilot study supports previous results suggesting the peripheral biomarkers and metabolic changes are not restricted to brain pathology alone in MCI and AD and could prove useful as a potential biomarker in identifying individuals with an increased risk of developing MCI and eventually AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne R Leifert
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition Flagship, Genome Health and Healthy Ageing, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tori Nguyen
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition Flagship, Genome Health and Healthy Ageing, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alan Rembach
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ralph Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, Western Australia
| | - Stephanie Rainey-Smith
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Ames
- National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher C Rowe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Lance Macaulay
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition Flagship, Genome Health and Healthy Ageing, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Maxime François
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition Flagship, Genome Health and Healthy Ageing, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael F Fenech
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition Flagship, Genome Health and Healthy Ageing, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Epidermal Cells Expressing Putative Cell Markers in Nonglabrous Skin Existing in Direct Proximity with the Distal End of the Arrector Pili Muscle. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:1286315. [PMID: 27375744 PMCID: PMC4916308 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1286315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inconsistent with the view that epidermal stem cells reside randomly spread along the basal layer of the epidermal rete ridges, we found that epidermal cells expressing stem cell markers in nonglabrous skin exist in direct connection with the distal end of the arrector pili muscle. The epidermal cells that express stem cell markers consist of a subpopulation of basal keratinocytes located in a niche at the lowermost portion of the rete ridges at the distal arrector pili muscle attachment site. Keratinocytes in the epidermal stem cell niche express K15, MCSP, and α6 integrin. α5 integrin marks the distal end of the APM colocalized with basal keratinocytes expressing stem cell markers located in a well-protected and nourished environment at the lowermost point of the epidermis; these cells are hypothesized to participate directly in epidermal renewal and homeostasis and also indirectly in wound healing through communication with the hair follicle bulge epithelial stem cell population through the APM. Our findings, plus a reevaluation of the literature, support the hierarchical model of interfollicular epidermal stem cell units of Fitzpatrick. This new view provides insights into epidermal control and the possible involvement of epidermal stem cells in nonmelanoma skin carcinogenesis.
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35
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Peng H, Park JK, Katsnelson J, Kaplan N, Yang W, Getsios S, Lavker RM. microRNA-103/107 Family Regulates Multiple Epithelial Stem Cell Characteristics. Stem Cells 2016; 33:1642-56. [PMID: 25639731 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The stem cell niche is thought to affect cell cycle quiescence, proliferative capacity, and communication between stem cells and their neighbors. How these activities are controlled is not completely understood. Here we define a microRNA family (miRs-103/107) preferentially expressed in the stem cell-enriched limbal epithelium that regulates and integrates these stem cell characteristics. miRs-103/107 target the ribosomal kinase p90RSK2, thereby arresting cells in G0/G1 and contributing to a slow-cycling phenotype. Furthermore, miRs-103/107 increase the proliferative capacity of keratinocytes by targeting Wnt3a, which enhances Sox9 and YAP1 levels and thus promotes a stem cell phenotype. This miRNA family also regulates keratinocyte cell-cell communication by targeting: (a) the scaffolding protein NEDD9, preserving E-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion; and (b) the tyrosine phosphatase PTPRM, which negatively regulates connexin 43-based gap junctions. We propose that such regulation of cell communication and adhesion molecules maintains the integrity of the stem cell niche ultimately preserving self-renewal, a hallmark of epithelial stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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36
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Guo R, Pan F, Tian Y, Li H, Li S, Cao C. Down-Regulation of ClC-3 Expression Reduces Epidermal Stem Cell Migration by Inhibiting Volume-Activated Chloride Currents. J Membr Biol 2016; 249:281-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-015-9867-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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37
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Viswanathan P, Guvendiren M, Chua W, Telerman SB, Liakath-Ali K, Burdick JA, Watt FM. Mimicking the topography of the epidermal-dermal interface with elastomer substrates. Integr Biol (Camb) 2016; 8:21-9. [PMID: 26658424 DOI: 10.1039/c5ib00238a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
In human skin the interface between the epidermis and dermis is not flat, but undulates. The dimensions of the undulations change as a function of age and disease. Epidermal stem cell clusters lie in specific locations relative to the undulations; however, whether their location affects their properties is unknown. To explore this, we developed a two-step protocol to create patterned substrates that mimic the topographical features of the human epidermal-dermal interface. Substrates with negative patterns were first fabricated by exposing a photocurable formulation to light, controlling the topographical features (such as diameter, height and center-to-center distance) by the photomask pattern dimensions and UV crosslinking time. The negative pattern was then translated to PDMS elastomer to fabricate substrates with 8 unique surface topographies on which primary human keratinocytes were cultured. We found that cells were patterned according to topography, and that separate cues determined the locations of stem cells, differentiated cells and proliferating cells. The biomimetic platform we have developed will be useful for probing the effect of topography on stem cell behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyalakshmi Viswanathan
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, 28th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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38
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Mitchell SJ, Jeyapalina S, Nichols FR, Agarwal J, Bachus KN. Negative pressure wound therapy limits downgrowth in percutaneous devices. Wound Repair Regen 2016; 24:35-44. [PMID: 26487170 PMCID: PMC4805517 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of a soft tissue seal around percutaneous devices is challenged by the downgrowth of periprosthetic tissues-a gateway to potential infection. As negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is used clinically to facilitate healing of complex soft tissue pathologies, it was hypothesized that NPWT could limit downgrowth of periprosthetic tissues. To test this hypothesis, 20 hairless guinea pigs were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 5/group). Using a One-Stage (Groups 1 and 3) or a Two-Stage (Groups 2 and 4) surgical procedure, each animal was implanted with a titanium-alloy subdermal device porous-coated with commercially pure, medical grade titanium. Each subdermal device had a smooth titanium-alloy percutaneous post. The One-Stage procedure encompassed insertion of a fully assembled device during a single surgery. The Two-Stage procedure involved the implantation of a subdermal device during the first surgery, and then three weeks later, insertion of a percutaneous post. Groups 1 and 2 served as untreated controls and Groups 3 and 4 received NPWT. Four weeks postimplantation of the post, the devices and surrounding tissues were harvested, and histologically evaluated for downgrowth. Within the untreated control groups, the Two-Stage surgical procedure significantly decreased downgrowth (p = 0.027) when compared with the One-Stage procedure. Independent of the surgical procedures performed, NPWT significantly limited downgrowth (p ≤ 0.05) when compared with the untreated controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranne J. Mitchell
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Research Service, George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Sujee Jeyapalina
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Research Service, George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Francesca R. Nichols
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Research Service, George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jayant Agarwal
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Kent N. Bachus
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Research Service, George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah
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39
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Dermal Contributions to Human Interfollicular Epidermal Architecture and Self-Renewal. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:28098-107. [PMID: 26602926 PMCID: PMC4691026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The human interfollicular epidermis is renewed throughout life by populations of proliferating basal keratinocytes. Though interfollicular keratinocyte stem cells have been identified, it is not known how self-renewal in this compartment is spatially organized. At the epidermal-dermal junction, keratinocytes sit atop a heterogeneous mix of dermal cells that may regulate keratinocyte self-renewal by influencing local tissue architecture and signalling microenvironments. Focusing on the rete ridges and complementary dermal papillae in human skin, we review the identity and organisation of abundant dermal cells types and present evidence for interactions between the dermal microenvironment and the interfollicular keratinocytes.
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40
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Historical Perspective of Periodontal Progenitor Cells: Early Studies That Clarified Identity and Function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40496-015-0061-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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41
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Nakamura T, Inatomi T, Sotozono C, Koizumi N, Kinoshita S. Ocular surface reconstruction using stem cell and tissue engineering. Prog Retin Eye Res 2015; 51:187-207. [PMID: 26187034 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Most human sensory information is gained through eyesight, and integrity of the ocular surface, including cornea and conjunctiva, is known to be indispensable for good vision. It is believed that severe damage to corneal epithelial stem cells results in devastating ocular surface disease, and many researchers and scientists have tried to reconstruct the ocular surface using medical and surgical approaches. Ocular surface reconstruction via regenerative therapy is a newly developed medical field that promises to be the next generation of therapeutic modalities, based on the use of tissue-specific stem cells to generate biological substitutes and improve tissue functions. The accomplishment of these objectives depends on three key factors: stem cells, which have highly proliferative capacities and longevities; the substrates determining the environmental niche; and growth factors that support them appropriately. This manuscript describes the diligent development of ocular surface reconstruction using tissue engineering techniques, both past and present, and discusses and validates their future use for regenerative therapy in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nakamura
- Department of Frontier Medical Sciences and Technology for Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Tsutomu Inatomi
- Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chie Sotozono
- Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noriko Koizumi
- Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kinoshita
- Department of Frontier Medical Sciences and Technology for Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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42
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Guo R, Chai L, Chen L, Chen W, Ge L, Li X, Li H, Li S, Cao C. Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) accelerated skin wound healing by promoting the migration and proliferation of epidermal stem cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 51:578-85. [PMID: 25636237 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-014-9862-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal stem cells could contribute to skin repair through the migration of cells from the neighboring uninjured epidermis, infundibulum, hair follicle, or sebaceous gland. However, little is known about the factors responsible for the complex biological processes in wound healing. Herein, we will show that the attracting chemokine, SDF-1/CXCR4, is a major regulator involved in the migration of epidermal stem cells during wound repair. We found that the SDF-1 levels were markedly increased at the wound margins following injury and CXCR4 expressed in epidermal stem cells and proliferating epithelial cells. Blocking the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis resulted in a significant reduction in epidermal stem cell migration toward SDF-1 in vitro and delayed wound healing in vivo, while an SDF-1 treatment enhanced epidermal stem cell migration and proliferation and accelerated wound healing. These results provide direct evidence that SDF-1 promotes epidermal stem cell migration, accelerates skin regeneration, and makes the development of new regenerative therapeutic strategies for wound healing possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
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Siddiqui MS, François M, Fenech MF, Leifert WR. γH2AX responses in human buccal cells exposed to ionizing radiation. Cytometry A 2014; 87:296-308. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sabbir Siddiqui
- CSIRO Food & Nutrition Flagship; Nutrigenomics & DNA Damage; Adelaide South Australia 5000 Australia
- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food & Wine; Urrbrae South Australia 5064 Australia
| | - Maxime François
- CSIRO Food & Nutrition Flagship; Nutrigenomics & DNA Damage; Adelaide South Australia 5000 Australia
| | - Michael F. Fenech
- CSIRO Food & Nutrition Flagship; Nutrigenomics & DNA Damage; Adelaide South Australia 5000 Australia
| | - Wayne R. Leifert
- CSIRO Food & Nutrition Flagship; Nutrigenomics & DNA Damage; Adelaide South Australia 5000 Australia
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Culture and characterization of rat hair follicle stem cells. Cytotechnology 2014; 68:621-8. [PMID: 25407732 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9807-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to establish methods for isolation, culture, expansion, and characterization of rat hair follicle stem cells (rHFSCs). Hair follicles were harvested from 1-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats and digested with dispase and collagenase IV. The bulge of the hair follicle was dissected under a microscope and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium/F12 supplemented with KnockOut™ Serum Replacement serum substitute, penicillin-streptomycin, L-glutamine, non-essential amino acids, epidermal growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, polyhydric alcohol, and hydrocortisone. The rHFSCs were purified using adhesion to collagen IV. Cells were characterized by detecting marker genes with immunofluorescent staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The proliferation and vitality of rHFSCs at different passages were evaluated. The cultured rHFSCs showed typical cobblestone morphology with good adhesion and colony-forming ability. Expression of keratin 15, integrin α6, and integrin β1 were shown by immunocytochemistry staining. On day 1-2, the cells were in the latent phase. On day 5-6, the cells were in the logarithmic phase. Cell vitality gradually decreased from the 7th passage. Real-time PCR showed that the purified rHFSCs had good vitality and proliferative capacity and contained no keratinocytes. Highly purified rHFSCs can be obtained using tissue culture and adhesion to collagen IV. The cultured cells had good proliferative capacity and could therefore be a useful cell source for tissue-engineered hair follicles, vessels, and skin.
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Abstract
In mammals, Wnt/β-catenin signaling features prominently in stem cells and cancers, but how and for what purposes have been matters of much debate. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and its downstream transcriptional regulators in normal and malignant stem cells. We centered this review largely on three types of stem cells--embryonic stem cells, hair follicle stem cells, and intestinal epithelial stem cells--in which the roles of Wnt/β-catenin have been extensively studied. Using these models, we unravel how many controversial issues surrounding Wnt signaling have been resolved by dissecting the diversity of its downstream circuitry and effectors, often leading to opposite outcomes of Wnt/β-catenin-mediated regulation and differences rooted in stage- and context-dependent effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hui Lien
- de Duve Institute and Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elaine Fuchs
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
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Ishii A, Muramatsu T, Lee JM, Higa K, Shinozaki N, Jung HS, Shibahara T. Expression of p75(NGFR), a Proliferative and Basal Cell Marker, in the Buccal Mucosa Epithelium during Re-epithelialization. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2014; 47:145-53. [PMID: 25392568 PMCID: PMC4164702 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.14011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the expression of p75NGFR, a proliferative and basal cell marker, in the mouse buccal mucosa epithelium during wound healing in order to elucidate the role of epithelial stem cells. Epithelial defects were generated in the epithelium of the buccal mucosa of 6-week-old mice using CO2 laser irradiation. BrdU was immediately administered to mice following laser irradiation. They were then sacrificed after 1, 3, 7, and 14 days. Paraffin sections were prepared and the irradiated areas were analyzed using immunohistochemistry with anti-p75NGFR, BrdU, PCNA, and CK14 antibodies. During re-epithelialization, PCNA (–)/p75NGFR (+) cells extended to the wound, which then closed, whereas PCNA (+)/p75NGFR (+) cells were not observed at the edge of the wound. In addition, p75NGFR (–)/CK14 (+), which reflected the presence of post-mitotic differentiating cells, was observed in the supra-basal layers of the extended epithelium. BrdU (+)/p75NGFR (+), which reflected the presence of epithelial stem cells, was detected sparsely in buccal basal epithelial cells after healing, and disappeared after 7 days. These results suggest that p75NGFR (+) keratinocytes are localized in the basal layer, which contains oral epithelial stem cells, and retain the ability to proliferate in order to regenerate the buccal mucosal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Ishii
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Takashi Muramatsu
- Department of Endodontics and Clinical Cariology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Research Center for Orofacial Hard Tissue Regeneration, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry
| | - Kazunari Higa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ichikawa General Hospital, Tokyo Dental College
- Cornea Center, Ichikawa General Hospital, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Naoshi Shinozaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ichikawa General Hospital, Tokyo Dental College
- Cornea Center, Ichikawa General Hospital, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Han-Sung Jung
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Research Center for Orofacial Hard Tissue Regeneration, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry
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The Localization of Cytokeratin 19 and Vimentin in Sprague Dawley Albino Rat Skin Tissue. Appl Microsc 2014. [DOI: 10.9729/am.2014.44.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Waghmare SK, Tumbar T. Adult hair follicle stem cells do not retain the older DNA strands in vivo during normal tissue homeostasis. Chromosome Res 2014; 21:203-12. [PMID: 23681654 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-013-9355-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tissue stem cells have been proposed to segregate the chromosomes asymmetrically (in a non-random manner), thereby retaining preferentially the older "immortal" DNA strands bearing the stemness characteristics into one daughter cell, whereas the newly synthesized strands are segregated to the other daughter cell that will commit to differentiation. Moreover, this non-random segregation would protect the stem cell genome from accumulating multiple mutations during repeated DNA replication. This long-standing hypothesis remains an active subject of study due to conflicting results for some systems and lack of consistency among different tissue stem cell populations. In this review, we will focus on work done in the hair follicle, which is one of the best-understood vertebrate tissue stem cell system to date. In cell culture analysis of paired cultured keratinocytes derived from hair follicle, stem cells suggested a non-random segregation of chromosome with respect to the older DNA strand. In vivo, the hair follicle stem cells appear to self-renew and differentiate at different phases of their homeostatic cycle. The fate decisions occur in quiescence when some stem cells migrate out of their niche and commit to differentiation without self-renewal. The stem cells left behind in the niche self-renew symmetrically and randomly segregate the chromosomes at each division, making more stem cells. This model seems to apply to at least a few other vertebrate tissue stem cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev K Waghmare
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India.
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Abstract
Lineage tracing involves labeling cells to track their subsequent behavior within the normal tissue environment. The advent of genetic lineage tracing and cell proliferation assays, together with high resolution three-dimensional (3D) imaging and quantitative methods to infer cell behavior from lineage-tracing data, has transformed our understanding of murine epidermal stem and progenitor cells. Here, we review recent insights that reveal how a progenitor cell population maintains interfollicular epidermis, whereas stem cells, quiescent under homeostatic conditions, are mobilized in response to wounding. We discuss progress in understanding how the various stem cell populations of the hair follicle sustain this complex and highly dynamic structure, and recent analysis of stem cells in sweat and sebaceous glands. The extent to which insights from mouse studies can be applied to human epidermis is also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Alcolea
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom
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Clement AL, Moutinho TJ, Pins GD. Micropatterned dermal-epidermal regeneration matrices create functional niches that enhance epidermal morphogenesis. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:9474-84. [PMID: 23958778 PMCID: PMC3818337 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although tissue engineered skin substitutes have demonstrated some clinical success for the treatment of chronic wounds such as diabetic and venous ulcers, persistent graft take and stability remain concerns. Current bilayered skin substitutes lack the characteristic microtopography of the dermal-epidermal junction that gives skin enhanced mechanical stability and creates cellular microniches that differentially promote keratinocyte function to form skin appendages and enhance wound healing. We developed a novel micropatterned dermal-epidermal regeneration matrix (μDERM) which incorporates this complex topography and substantially enhances epidermal morphology. Here, we describe the use of this three-dimensional (3-D) in vitro culture model to systematically evaluate different topographical geometries and to determine their relationship to keratinocyte function. We identified three distinct keratinocyte functional niches: the proliferative niche (narrow geometries), the basement membrane protein synthesis niche (wide geometries) and the putative keratinocyte stem cell niche (narrow geometries and corners). Specifically, epidermal thickness and keratinocyte proliferation is significantly (p<0.05) increased in 50 and 100 μm channels while laminin-332 deposition is significantly (p<0.05) increased in 400 μm channels compared to flat controls. Additionally, β1(bri)p63(+) keratinocytes, putative keratinocyte stem cells, preferentially cluster in channel geometries (similar to clustering observed in native skin) compared to a random distribution on flats. This study identifies specific target geometries to enhance skin regeneration and graft performance. Furthermore, these results suggest the importance of μDERM microtopography in designing the next generation of skin substitutes. Finally, we anticipate that 3-D organotypic cultures on μDERMS will provide a novel tissue engineered skin substitute for in vitro investigations of skin morphogenesis, wound healing and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Clement
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609
- Bioengineering Institute, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609
| | - Thomas J. Moutinho
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609
- Bioengineering Institute, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609
| | - George D. Pins
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609
- Bioengineering Institute, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609
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