1
|
Cooke SF, Wright TA, Sin YY, Ling J, Kyurkchieva E, Phanthaphol N, Mcskimming T, Herbert K, Rebus S, Biankin AV, Chang DK, Baillie GS, Blair CM. Disruption of the pro-oncogenic c-RAF-PDE8A complex represents a differentiated approach to treating KRAS-c-RAF dependent PDAC. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8998. [PMID: 38637546 PMCID: PMC11026450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59451-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is considered the third leading cause of cancer mortality in the western world, offering advanced stage patients with few viable treatment options. Consequently, there remains an urgent unmet need to develop novel therapeutic strategies that can effectively inhibit pro-oncogenic molecular targets underpinning PDACs pathogenesis and progression. One such target is c-RAF, a downstream effector of RAS that is considered essential for the oncogenic growth and survival of mutant RAS-driven cancers (including KRASMT PDAC). Herein, we demonstrate how a novel cell-penetrating peptide disruptor (DRx-170) of the c-RAF-PDE8A protein-protein interaction (PPI) represents a differentiated approach to exploiting the c-RAF-cAMP/PKA signaling axes and treating KRAS-c-RAF dependent PDAC. Through disrupting the c-RAF-PDE8A protein complex, DRx-170 promotes the inactivation of c-RAF through an allosteric mechanism, dependent upon inactivating PKA phosphorylation. DRx-170 inhibits cell proliferation, adhesion and migration of a KRASMT PDAC cell line (PANC1), independent of ERK1/2 activity. Moreover, combining DRx-170 with afatinib significantly enhances PANC1 growth inhibition in both 2D and 3D cellular models. DRx-170 sensitivity appears to correlate with c-RAF dependency. This proof-of-concept study supports the development of DRx-170 as a novel and differentiated strategy for targeting c-RAF activity in KRAS-c-RAF dependent PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean F Cooke
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Thomas A Wright
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Yuan Yan Sin
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Jiayue Ling
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Elka Kyurkchieva
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Nattaporn Phanthaphol
- Siriraj Centre of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thomas Mcskimming
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Katharine Herbert
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Selma Rebus
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Andrew V Biankin
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - David K Chang
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - George S Baillie
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Connor M Blair
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lin W, Phatarphekar A, Zhong Y, Liu L, Kwon HB, Gerwick WH, Wang Y, Mehta S, Zhang J. Light-gated Integrator for Highlighting Kinase Activity in Living Cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.18.585554. [PMID: 38562887 PMCID: PMC10983958 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.18.585554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Protein kinases are key signaling nodes that regulate fundamental biological and disease processes. Illuminating kinase signaling from multiple angles can provide deeper insights into disease mechanisms and improve therapeutic targeting. While fluorescent biosensors are powerful tools for visualizing live-cell kinase activity dynamics in real time, new molecular tools are needed that enable recording of transient signaling activities for post hoc analysis and targeted manipulation. Here, we develop a light-gated kinase activity coupled transcriptional integrator (KINACT) that converts dynamic kinase signals into "permanent" fluorescent marks. KINACT enables robust monitoring of kinase activity across scales, accurately recording subcellular PKA activity, highlighting PKA signaling heterogeneity in 3D cultures, and identifying PKA activators and inhibitors in high-throughput screens. We further leverage the ability of KINACT to drive signaling effector expression to allow feedback manipulation of the balance of GαsR201C-induced PKA and ERK activation and dissect the mechanisms of oncogenic G protein signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Yanghao Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Longwei Liu
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hyung-Bae Kwon
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William H. Gerwick
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yingxiao Wang
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sohum Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Watabe T, Yamahira S, Takakura K, Thumkeo D, Narumiya S, Matsuda M, Terai K. Calcium transients trigger switch-like discharge of prostaglandin E 2 in an extracellular signal-regulated kinase-dependent manner. eLife 2024; 12:RP86727. [PMID: 38276879 PMCID: PMC10945702 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a key player in a plethora of physiological and pathological events. Nevertheless, little is known about the dynamics of PGE2 secretion from a single cell and its effect on the neighboring cells. Here, by observing confluent Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells expressing fluorescent biosensors, we demonstrate that calcium transients in a single cell cause PGE2-mediated radial spread of PKA activation (RSPA) in neighboring cells. By in vivo imaging, RSPA was also observed in the basal layer of the mouse epidermis. Experiments with an optogenetic tool revealed a switch-like PGE2 discharge in response to the increasing cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentrations. The cell density of MDCK cells correlated with the frequencies of calcium transients and the following RSPA. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation also enhanced the frequency of RSPA in MDCK and in vivo. Thus, the PGE2 discharge is regulated temporally by calcium transients and ERK activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Watabe
- Research Center for Dynamic Living Systems, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Shinya Yamahira
- Research Center for Dynamic Living Systems, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Kanako Takakura
- Research Center for Dynamic Living Systems, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Dean Thumkeo
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Shuh Narumiya
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Michiyuki Matsuda
- Research Center for Dynamic Living Systems, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Kenta Terai
- Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Khan S, Raghuram V, Chen L, Chou CL, Yang CR, Khundmiri SJ, Knepper MA. Vasopressin V2 receptor, tolvaptan, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the renal collecting duct. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F57-F68. [PMID: 37916285 PMCID: PMC10812694 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00124.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tolvaptan, a vasopressin antagonist selective for the V2-subtype vasopressin receptor (V2R), is widely used in the treatment of hyponatremia and autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Its effects on signaling in collecting duct cells have not been fully characterized. Here, we perform RNA-seq in a collecting duct cell line (mpkCCD). The data show that tolvaptan inhibits the expression of mRNAs that were previously shown to be increased in response to vasopressin including aquaporin-2, but also reveals mRNA changes that were not readily predictable and suggest off-target actions of tolvaptan. One such action is activation of the MAPK kinase (ERK1/ERK2) pathway. Prior studies have shown that ERK1/ERK2 activation is essential in the regulation of a variety of cellular and physiological processes and can be associated with cell proliferation. In immunoblotting experiments, we demonstrated that ERK1/ERK2 phosphorylation in mpkCCD cells was significantly reduced by vasopressin, in contrast to the increases seen in non-collecting-duct cells overexpressing V2R in prior studies. We also found that tolvaptan has a strong effect to increase ERK1/ERK2 phosphorylation in the presence of vasopressin and that tolvaptan's effect to increase ERK1/ERK2 phosphorylation is absent in mpkCCD cells in which both protein kinase A (PKA)-catalytic subunits have been deleted. Thus, it appears that the tolvaptan effect to increase ERK activation is PKA-dependent and is not due to an off-target effect of tolvaptan. We conclude that in cells expressing V2R at endogenous levels: 1) vasopressin decreases ERK1/ERK2 activation; 2) in the presence of vasopressin, tolvaptan increases ERK1/ERK2 activation; and 3) these effects are PKA-dependent.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Vasopressin is a key hormone that regulates the function of the collecting duct of the kidney. ERK1 and ERK2 are enzymes that play key roles in physiological regulation in all cells. The authors used collecting duct cell cultures to investigate the effects of vasopressin and the vasopressin receptor antagonist tolvaptan on ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation and activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaza Khan
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Viswanathan Raghuram
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Lihe Chen
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Chung-Lin Chou
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Chin-Rang Yang
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Syed J Khundmiri
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Mark A Knepper
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lee SY, Lee J, Park HL, Park YW, Kim H, Nam JH. The Adenylyl Cyclase Activator Forskolin Increases Influenza Virus Propagation in MDCK Cells by Regulating ERK1/2 Activity. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:1576-1586. [PMID: 37644733 PMCID: PMC10772552 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2306.06027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective method for preventing the spread of the influenza virus. Cell-based influenza vaccines have been developed to overcome the disadvantages of egg-based vaccines and their production efficiency has been previously discussed. In this study, we investigated whether treatment with forskolin (FSK), an adenylyl cyclase activator, affected the output of a cell-based influenza vaccine. We found that FSK increased the propagation of three influenza virus subtypes (A/H1N1/California/4/09, A/H3N2/Mississippi/1/85, and B/Shandong/7/97) in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. Interestingly, FSK suppressed the growth of MDCK cells. This effect could be a result of protein kinase A (PKA)-Src axis activation, which downregulates extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 activity and delays cell cycle progression from G1 to S. This delay in cell growth might benefit the binding and entry of the influenza virus in the early stages of viral replication. In contrast, FSK dramatically upregulated ERK1/2 activity via the cAMP-PKA-Raf-1 axis at a late stage of viral replication. Thus, increased ERK1/2 activity might contribute to increased viral ribonucleoprotein export and influenza virus propagation. The increase in viral titer induced by FSK could be explained by the action of cAMP in assisting the entry and binding of the influenza virus. Therefore, FSK addition to cell culture systems could help increase the production efficiency of cell-based vaccines against the influenza virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yeon Lee
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisun Lee
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Lim Park
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Wook Park
- Department of R&D, SK Bioscience, Seongnam 13493, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Kim
- Department of R&D, SK Bioscience, Seongnam 13493, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Nam
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Smiljanić K, Prodić I, Trifunovic S, Krstić Ristivojević M, Aćimović M, Stanković Jeremić J, Lončar B, Tešević V. Multistep Approach Points to Compounds Responsible for the Biological Activity and Safety of Hydrolates from Nine Lamiaceae Medicinal Plants on Human Skin Fibroblasts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1988. [PMID: 38001841 PMCID: PMC10669667 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
As byproducts of essential oil distillation, hydrolates are used in natural cosmetics/biomedicine due to their beneficial skin effects. However, data on their safety with relevant biological targets, such as human skin cells, are scarce. Therefore, we have tested nine hydrolates from the Lamiaceae family with skin fibroblasts that are responsible for extracellular collagenous matrix builds. Thyme, oregano, and winter savoury hydrolates showed several times higher total phenolics, which correlated strongly with their radical scavenging and antioxidative capacity; there was no correlation between their viability profiles and the reducing sugar levels. No proteins/peptides were detected. All hydrolates appeared safe for prolonged skin exposure except for 10-fold diluted lavender, which showed cytotoxicity (~20%), as well as rosemary and lavandin (~10%) using viability, DNA synthesis, and cell count testing. Clary sage, oregano, lemon balm, and thyme hydrolates (10-fold diluted) increased fibroblast viability and/or proliferation by 10-30% compared with the control, while their viability remained unaffected by Mentha and winter savoury. In line with the STITCH database, increased viability could be attributed to thymol presence in oregano and thyme hydrolates in lemon balm, which is most likely attributable to neral and geranial. The proliferative effect of clary sage could be supported by alpha-terpineol, not linalool. The major volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with cytotoxic effects on fibroblasts were borneol, 1,8-cineole, and terpinene-4-ol. Further research with pure compounds is warranted to confirm the roles of VOCs in the observed effects that are relevant to cosmetic and wound healing aspects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Smiljanić
- University of Belgrade—Faculty of Chemistry (UBFC), Studentski Trg 12–16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.K.R.); (V.T.)
| | - Ivana Prodić
- Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera “Torlak”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Vojvode Stepe 458, 11152 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Sara Trifunovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Maja Krstić Ristivojević
- University of Belgrade—Faculty of Chemistry (UBFC), Studentski Trg 12–16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.K.R.); (V.T.)
| | - Milica Aćimović
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, 21101 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Jovana Stanković Jeremić
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Biljana Lončar
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Vele Tešević
- University of Belgrade—Faculty of Chemistry (UBFC), Studentski Trg 12–16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.K.R.); (V.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ahmed MB, Alghamdi AAA, Islam SU, Lee JS, Lee YS. cAMP Signaling in Cancer: A PKA-CREB and EPAC-Centric Approach. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132020. [PMID: 35805104 PMCID: PMC9266045 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common causes of death globally. Despite extensive research and considerable advances in cancer therapy, the fundamentals of the disease remain unclear. Understanding the key signaling mechanisms that cause cancer cell malignancy may help to uncover new pharmaco-targets. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) regulates various biological functions, including those in malignant cells. Understanding intracellular second messenger pathways is crucial for identifying downstream proteins involved in cancer growth and development. cAMP regulates cell signaling and a variety of physiological and pathological activities. There may be an impact on gene transcription from protein kinase A (PKA) as well as its downstream effectors, such as cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). The position of CREB downstream of numerous growth signaling pathways implies its oncogenic potential in tumor cells. Tumor growth is associated with increased CREB expression and activation. PKA can be used as both an onco-drug target and a biomarker to find, identify, and stage tumors. Exploring cAMP effectors and their downstream pathways in cancer has become easier using exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC) modulators. This signaling system may inhibit or accelerate tumor growth depending on the tumor and its environment. As cAMP and its effectors are critical for cancer development, targeting them may be a useful cancer treatment strategy. Moreover, by reviewing the material from a distinct viewpoint, this review aims to give a knowledge of the impact of the cAMP signaling pathway and the related effectors on cancer incidence and development. These innovative insights seek to encourage the development of novel treatment techniques and new approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal Ahmed
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (M.B.A.); (J.-S.L.)
| | | | - Salman Ul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Cecos University, Peshawar, Street 1, Sector F 5 Phase 6 Hayatabad, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan;
| | - Joon-Seok Lee
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (M.B.A.); (J.-S.L.)
| | - Young-Sup Lee
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (M.B.A.); (J.-S.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-950-6353; Fax: +82-53-943-2762
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhao J, Luo Z. Discovery of Raf Family Is a Milestone in Deciphering the Ras-Mediated Intracellular Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095158. [PMID: 35563547 PMCID: PMC9101324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK signaling pathway, the first well-established MAPK pathway, plays essential roles in cell proliferation, survival, differentiation and development. It is activated in over 40% of human cancers owing to mutations of Ras, membrane receptor tyrosine kinases and other oncogenes. The Raf family consists of three isoforms, A-Raf, B-Raf and C-Raf. Since the first discovery of a truncated mutant of C-Raf as a transforming oncogene carried by a murine retrovirus, forty years of extensive studies have provided a wealth of information on the mechanisms underlying the activation, regulation and biological functions of the Raf family. However, the mechanisms by which activation of A-Raf and C-Raf is accomplished are still not completely understood. In contrast, B-Raf can be easily activated by binding of Ras-GTP, followed by cis-autophosphorylation of the activation loop, which accounts for the fact that this isoform is frequently mutated in many cancers, especially melanoma. The identification of oncogenic B-Raf mutations has led to accelerated drug development that targets Raf signaling in cancer. However, the effort has not proved as effective as anticipated, inasmuch as the mechanism of Raf activation involves multiple steps, factors and phosphorylation of different sites, as well as complex interactions between Raf isoforms. In this review, we will focus on the physiological complexity of the regulation of Raf kinases and their connection to the ERK phosphorylation cascade and then discuss the role of Raf in tumorigenesis and the clinical application of Raf inhibitors in the treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingtong Zhao
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;
| | - Zhijun Luo
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- NCU-QMUL Joint Research Institute of Precision Medical Science, Nanchang 330031, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Quantitative live-cell imaging of GPCR downstream signaling dynamics. Biochem J 2022; 479:883-900. [PMID: 35383830 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play an important role in sensing various extracellular stimuli, such as neurotransmitters, hormones, and tastants, and transducing the input information into the cell. While the human genome encodes more than 800 GPCR genes, only four Gα-proteins (Gαs, Gαi/o, Gαq/11, and Gα12/13) are known to couple with GPCRs. It remains unclear how such divergent GPCR information is translated into the downstream G-protein signaling dynamics. To answer this question, we report a live-cell fluorescence imaging system for monitoring GPCR downstream signaling dynamics. Genetically encoded biosensors for cAMP, Ca2+, RhoA, and ERK were selected as markers for GPCR downstream signaling, and were stably expressed in HeLa cells. GPCR was further transiently overexpressed in the cells. As a proof-of-concept, we visualized GPCR signaling dynamics of 5 dopamine receptors and 12 serotonin receptors, and found heterogeneity between GPCRs and between cells. Even when the same Gα proteins were known to be coupled, the patterns of dynamics in GPCR downstream signaling, including the signal strength and duration, were substantially distinct among GPCRs. These results suggest the importance of dynamical encoding in GPCR signaling.
Collapse
|
10
|
Bolger GB. The cAMP-signaling cancers: Clinically-divergent disorders with a common central pathway. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1024423. [PMID: 36313756 PMCID: PMC9612118 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1024423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The cAMP-signaling cancers, which are defined by functionally-significant somatic mutations in one or more elements of the cAMP signaling pathway, have an unexpectedly wide range of cell origins, clinical manifestations, and potential therapeutic options. Mutations in at least 9 cAMP signaling pathway genes (TSHR, GPR101, GNAS, PDE8B, PDE11A, PRKARA1, PRKACA, PRKACB, and CREB) have been identified as driver mutations in human cancer. Although all cAMP-signaling pathway cancers are driven by mutation(s) that impinge on a single signaling pathway, the ultimate tumor phenotype reflects interactions between five critical variables: (1) the precise gene(s) that undergo mutation in each specific tumor type; (2) the effects of specific allele(s) in any given gene; (3) mutations in modifier genes (mutational "context"); (4) the tissue-specific expression of various cAMP signaling pathway elements in the tumor stem cell; and (5) and the precise biochemical regulation of the pathway components in tumor cells. These varying oncogenic mechanisms reveal novel and important targets for drug discovery. There is considerable diversity in the "druggability" of cAMP-signaling components, with some elements (GPCRs, cAMP-specific phosphodiesterases and kinases) appearing to be prime drug candidates, while other elements (transcription factors, protein-protein interactions) are currently refractory to robust drug-development efforts. Further refinement of the precise driver mutations in individual tumors will be essential for directing priorities in drug discovery efforts that target these mutations.
Collapse
|
11
|
Ramms DJ, Raimondi F, Arang N, Herberg FW, Taylor SS, Gutkind JS. G αs-Protein Kinase A (PKA) Pathway Signalopathies: The Emerging Genetic Landscape and Therapeutic Potential of Human Diseases Driven by Aberrant G αs-PKA Signaling. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:155-197. [PMID: 34663687 PMCID: PMC11060502 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of the fundamental concepts of signal transduction and kinase activity are attributed to the discovery and crystallization of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, or protein kinase A. PKA is one of the best-studied kinases in human biology, with emphasis in biochemistry and biophysics, all the way to metabolism, hormone action, and gene expression regulation. It is surprising, however, that our understanding of PKA's role in disease is largely underappreciated. Although genetic mutations in the PKA holoenzyme are known to cause diseases such as Carney complex, Cushing syndrome, and acrodysostosis, the story largely stops there. With the recent explosion of genomic medicine, we can finally appreciate the broader role of the Gαs-PKA pathway in disease, with contributions from aberrant functioning G proteins and G protein-coupled receptors, as well as multiple alterations in other pathway components and negative regulators. Together, these represent a broad family of diseases we term the Gαs-PKA pathway signalopathies. The Gαs-PKA pathway signalopathies encompass diseases caused by germline, postzygotic, and somatic mutations in the Gαs-PKA pathway, with largely endocrine and neoplastic phenotypes. Here, we present a signaling-centric review of Gαs-PKA-driven pathophysiology and integrate computational and structural analysis to identify mutational themes commonly exploited by the Gαs-PKA pathway signalopathies. Major mutational themes include hotspot activating mutations in Gαs, encoded by GNAS, and mutations that destabilize the PKA holoenzyme. With this review, we hope to incite further study and ultimately the development of new therapeutic strategies in the treatment of a wide range of human diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Little recognition is given to the causative role of Gαs-PKA pathway dysregulation in disease, with effects ranging from infectious disease, endocrine syndromes, and many cancers, yet these disparate diseases can all be understood by common genetic themes and biochemical signaling connections. By highlighting these common pathogenic mechanisms and bridging multiple disciplines, important progress can be made toward therapeutic advances in treating Gαs-PKA pathway-driven disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana J Ramms
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - Francesco Raimondi
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - Nadia Arang
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - Friedrich W Herberg
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - Susan S Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Metz C, Oyanadel C, Jung J, Retamal C, Cancino J, Barra J, Venegas J, Du G, Soza A, González A. Phosphatidic acid-PKA signaling regulates p38 and ERK1/2 functions in ligand-independent EGFR endocytosis. Traffic 2021; 22:345-361. [PMID: 34431177 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ligand-independent epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) endocytosis is inducible by a variety of stress conditions converging upon p38 kinase. A less known pathway involves phosphatidic acid (PA) signaling toward the activation of type 4 phosphodiesterases (PDE4) that decrease cAMP levels and protein kinase A (PKA) activity. This PA/PDE4/PKA pathway is triggered with propranolol used to inhibit PA hydrolysis and induces clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis, followed by reversible accumulation of EGFR in recycling endosomes. Here we give further evidence of this signaling pathway using biosensors of PA, cAMP, and PKA in live cells and then show that it activates p38 and ERK1/2 downstream the PKA inhibition. Clathrin-silencing and IN/SUR experiments involved the activity of p38 in the clathrin-dependent route, while ERK1/2 mediates clathrin-independent EGFR endocytosis. The PA/PDE4/PKA pathway selectively increases the EGFR endocytic rate without affecting LDLR and TfR constitute endocytosis. This selectiveness is probably because of EGFR phosphorylation, as detected in Th1046/1047 and Ser669 residues. The EGFR accumulates at perinuclear recycling endosomes colocalizing with TfR, fluorescent transferrin, and Rab11, while a small proportion distributes to Alix-endosomes. A non-selective recycling arrest includes LDLR and TfR in a reversible manner. The PA/PDE4/PKA pathway involving both p38 and ERK1/2 expands the possibilities of EGFR transmodulation and interference in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Metz
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Oyanadel
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Jung
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Retamal
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Cancino
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jonathan Barra
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Venegas
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Guangwei Du
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Andrea Soza
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfonso González
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hamed O, Joshi R, Michi AN, Kooi C, Giembycz MA. β 2-Adrenoceptor Agonists Promote ERK1/2 Dephosphorylation in Human Airway Epithelial Cells by Canonical, cAMP-driven Signaling Independently of β-Arrestin 2. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 100:388-405. [PMID: 34341099 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic use of β2-adrenoceptor agonists as a monotherapy in asthma is associated with a loss of disease control and an increased risk of mortality. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that β2-adrenoceptor agonists, including formoterol, promote biased, β-arrestin 2 (βArr2)-dependent activation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, ERK1/2, in human airway epithelial cells and, thereby, effect changes in gene expression that could contribute to their adverse clinical outcomes. Three airway epithelial cell models were used: the BEAS-2B cell line, human primary bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) grown in submersion culture and HBEC that were highly differentiated at an air-liquid interface. Unexpectedly, treatment of all epithelial cell models with formoterol decreased basal ERK1/2 phosphorylation. This was mediated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase and involved the inactivation of C-rapidly-activated fibrosarcoma, which attenuated down-stream ERK1/2 activity, and the induction of dual-specificity phosphatase-1. Formoterol also inhibited the basal expression of early growth response-1, an ERK1/2-regulated gene that controls cell growth and repair in the airways. Neither carvedilol, a β2-adrenoceptor agonist biased towards βArr2, nor formoterol promoted ERK1/2 phosphorylation in BEAS-2B cells although β2-adrenoceptor desensitization was compromised in ARRB2-deficient cells. Collectively, these results contest the hypothesis that formoterol activates ERK1/2 in airway epithelia by nucleating a βArr2 signaling complex; instead, they indicate that β2-adrenoceptor agonists inhibit constitutive ERK1/2 activity in a cAMP-dependent manner. These findings are the antithesis of results obtained using acutely challenged native and engineered HEK293 cells, which have been used extensively to study mechanisms of ERK1/2 activation, and highlight the cell-type-dependence of β2-adrenoceptor-mediated signaling. Significance Statement It has been proposed that the adverse-effects of β2-adrenoceptor agonist monotherapy in asthma are mediated by genomic mechanisms that occur principally in airway epithelial cells and are the result of β-arrestin 2-dependent activation of ERK1/2. This study shows that β2-adrenoceptor agonists, paradoxically, reduced ERK1/2 phosphorylation in airway epithelia by disrupting upstream Ras-C-Raf complex formation and inducing DUSP1. Moreover, these effects were PKA-dependent suggesting that β2-adrenoceptor agonists were not biased toward β-arrestin 2 and acted via canonical, cAMP-dependent signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Hamed
- Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Radhika Joshi
- Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Aubrey N Michi
- Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Cora Kooi
- Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vieira F, Makoni M, Szyld E, Sekar K. The Controversy Persists: Is There a Qualification Criterion to Utilize Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Pre-term Newborns? Front Pediatr 2021; 9:631765. [PMID: 33869113 PMCID: PMC8044816 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.631765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) use in premature newborns remains controversial among clinicians. In 2014, the American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Fetus and Newborn released a statement that the available data do not support routine iNO use in pre-term newborns. Despite the absence of significant benefits, 2016 California data showed that clinicians continue to utilize iNO in pre-term infants. With studies as recent as January 2017, the Cochrane review confirmed no major advantages of iNO in pre-term newborns. Still, it recognized that a subset of pre-term infants with pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) had not been separately investigated. Furthermore, recent non-randomized controlled trials have suggested that iNO may benefit specific subgroups of pre-term newborns, especially those with PHTN, prolonged rupture of membranes, and antenatal steroid exposure. Those pre-term infants who showed a clinical response to iNO had increased survival without disability. These findings underscore the need for future studies in pre-term newborns with hypoxemic respiratory failure and PHTN. This review will discuss the rationale for using iNO, controversies regarding the diagnosis of PHTN, and additional novel approaches of iNO treatment in perinatal asphyxia and neonatal resuscitation in the pre-term population < 34 weeks gestation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederico Vieira
- Neonatal Perinatal Section, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Marjorie Makoni
- Neonatal Perinatal Section, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Edgardo Szyld
- Neonatal Perinatal Section, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Krishnamurthy Sekar
- Neonatal Perinatal Section, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bang J, Zippin JH. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling in melanocyte pigmentation and melanomagenesis. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2020; 34:28-43. [PMID: 32777162 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) regulates numerous functions in both benign melanocytes and melanoma cells. cAMP is generated from two distinct sources, transmembrane and soluble adenylyl cyclases (tmAC and sAC, respectively), and is degraded by a family of proteins called phosphodiesterases (PDEs). cAMP signaling can be regulated in many different ways and can lead to varied effects in melanocytes. It was recently revealed that distinct cAMP signaling pathways regulate pigmentation by either altering pigment gene expression or the pH of melanosomes. In the context of melanoma, many studies report seemingly contradictory roles for cAMP in tumorigenesis. For example, cAMP signaling has been implicated in both cancer promotion and suppression, as well as both therapy resistance and sensitization. This conundrum in the field may be explained by the fact that cAMP signals in discrete microdomains and each microdomain can mediate differential cellular functions. Here, we review the role of cAMP signaling microdomains in benign melanocyte biology, focusing on pigmentation, and in melanomagenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakyung Bang
- Department of Dermatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan H Zippin
- Department of Dermatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Huang Q, Lv J, Dong T, Liu H, Xu L, Wu M. Cryptochrome 1 Alleviates the Antiproliferative Effect of Isoproterenol on Human Gastric Cancer Cells. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820939022. [PMID: 32694963 PMCID: PMC7350398 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820939022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) is a key protein that regulates the feedback loop of circadian clock. The abnormal expression of CRY1 was reported in numerous cancers, and contributed to tumorigenesis and progression. But the underlying mechanism remains undefined. Methods: CRY1 overexpression was constructed by lentivirus vector. Gene and protein expression was detected by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Cell proliferation was analyzed by CCK-8 assay. Cell migration ability was analyzed by scratch assay and transwell migration assay. The cAMP concentration was measured by intracellular cAMP assay. Results: Overexpression of CRY1 showed slightly effect on the proliferation and migration of HGC-27 cells. Upon exposure to isoproterenol (ISO), a β-adrenergic receptor agonist, cell proliferation, and migration were inhibited while the cAMP/PKA pathway was activated and ERK1/2 phosphorylation was suppressed. CRY1 overexpression reduced cAMP accumulation, retained ERK1/2 phosphorylation level and alleviated the antiproliferative effect upon exposure to ISO. However, CRY1 overexpression was inoperative on the antiproliferative effect of forskolin (FSK), a direct activator of adenyl cyclase (AC), or 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor. Conclusions: Our results suggest CRY1 overexpression may protect cells from the antiproliferative effects via activation of the cAMP/PKA pathway through interrupting signal transduction from G protein-coupled receptors to AC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianwu Huang
- Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Ting Dong
- Encephalopathy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Anhui, Hefei, China
| | - Haijun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Mingcai Wu
- Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Krayem M, Aftimos P, Najem A, van den Hooven T, van den Berg A, Hovestad-Bijl L, de Wijn R, Hilhorst R, Ruijtenbeek R, Sabbah M, Kerger J, Awada A, Journe F, Ghanem GE. Kinome Profiling to Predict Sensitivity to MAPK Inhibition in Melanoma and to Provide New Insights into Intrinsic and Acquired Mechanism of Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020512. [PMID: 32098410 PMCID: PMC7072684 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibition with the combination of BRAF (Rapidly Accelerated Fibrosarcoma) and MEK (Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase) inhibitors has become the standard of first-line therapy of metastatic melanoma harbouring BRAF V600 mutations. However, about half of the patients present with primary resistance while the remaining develop secondary resistance under prolonged treatment. Thus, there is a need for predictive biomarkers for sensitivity and/or resistance to further refine the patient population likely to benefit from MAPK inhibitors. In this study, we explored a top-down approach using a multiplex kinase assay, first, to discover a kinome signature predicting sensitivity, intrinsic and acquired resistance to MAPK inhibitors in melanoma, and second, to understand the mechanism of resistance using cell lines. Pre-dose tissues from patients (four responders and three non-responders to BRAFi monotherapy) were profiled for phosphotyrosine kinase (PTK) and serine-threonine kinase (STK) activities on a PamChip® peptide microarray in the presence and absence of ex vivo BRAFi. In addition, molecular studies were conducted on four sensitive parental lines, their offspring with acquired resistance to BRAFi and two lines with intrinsic resistance. PTK and STK activities in cell lysates were measured in the presence and absence of ex vivo BRAFi and/or MEKi. In tissue lysates, concentration-dependent ex vivo inhibition of STK and PTK activities with dabrafenib was stronger in responders than in non-responders. This difference was confirmed in cell lines comparing sensitive and resistant ones. Interestingly, common features of resistance were increased activity of receptor tyrosine kinases, Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src (Src) family kinases and protein kinase B (PKB, AKT) signalling. These latter results were confirmed by Western blots. While dabrafenib alone showed an inhibition of STK and PTK activities in both tissues and cell lines, the combination of dabrafenib and trametinib showed an antagonism on the STK activities and a synergism on PTK activities, resulting in stronger inhibitions of overall tyrosine kinase activities. Altogether; these data reveal that resistance of tumours and cell lines to MAPK inhibitors can be predicted using a multiplex kinase assay and is associated with an increase in specific tyrosine kinase activities and globally to AKT signalling in the patient’s tissue. Thus, such a predictive kinome signature would help to identify patients with innate resistance to MAPK double inhibition in order to propose other therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Krayem
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (A.N.); (M.S.); (A.A.); (F.J.); (G.E.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Philippe Aftimos
- Medical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (P.A.); (J.K.)
| | - Ahmad Najem
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (A.N.); (M.S.); (A.A.); (F.J.); (G.E.G.)
| | - Tim van den Hooven
- PamGene International BV, 5211HH ’s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands; (T.v.d.H.); (A.v.d.B.); (L.H.-B.); (R.d.W.); (R.H.); (R.R.)
| | - Adriënne van den Berg
- PamGene International BV, 5211HH ’s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands; (T.v.d.H.); (A.v.d.B.); (L.H.-B.); (R.d.W.); (R.H.); (R.R.)
| | - Liesbeth Hovestad-Bijl
- PamGene International BV, 5211HH ’s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands; (T.v.d.H.); (A.v.d.B.); (L.H.-B.); (R.d.W.); (R.H.); (R.R.)
| | - Rik de Wijn
- PamGene International BV, 5211HH ’s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands; (T.v.d.H.); (A.v.d.B.); (L.H.-B.); (R.d.W.); (R.H.); (R.R.)
| | - Riet Hilhorst
- PamGene International BV, 5211HH ’s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands; (T.v.d.H.); (A.v.d.B.); (L.H.-B.); (R.d.W.); (R.H.); (R.R.)
| | - Rob Ruijtenbeek
- PamGene International BV, 5211HH ’s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands; (T.v.d.H.); (A.v.d.B.); (L.H.-B.); (R.d.W.); (R.H.); (R.R.)
| | - Malak Sabbah
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (A.N.); (M.S.); (A.A.); (F.J.); (G.E.G.)
| | - Joseph Kerger
- Medical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (P.A.); (J.K.)
| | - Ahmad Awada
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (A.N.); (M.S.); (A.A.); (F.J.); (G.E.G.)
- Medical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (P.A.); (J.K.)
| | - Fabrice Journe
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (A.N.); (M.S.); (A.A.); (F.J.); (G.E.G.)
| | - Ghanem E. Ghanem
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (A.N.); (M.S.); (A.A.); (F.J.); (G.E.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Degirmenci U, Wang M, Hu J. Targeting Aberrant RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK Signaling for Cancer Therapy. Cells 2020; 9:E198. [PMID: 31941155 PMCID: PMC7017232 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK (MAPK) signaling cascade is essential for cell inter- and intra-cellular communication, which regulates fundamental cell functions such as growth, survival, and differentiation. The MAPK pathway also integrates signals from complex intracellular networks in performing cellular functions. Despite the initial discovery of the core elements of the MAPK pathways nearly four decades ago, additional findings continue to make a thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of this pathway challenging. Considerable effort has been focused on the regulation of RAF, especially after the discovery of drug resistance and paradoxical activation upon inhibitor binding to the kinase. RAF activity is regulated by phosphorylation and conformation-dependent regulation, including auto-inhibition and dimerization. In this review, we summarize the recent major findings in the study of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling cascade, particularly with respect to the impact on clinical cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ufuk Degirmenci
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Mei Wang
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Jiancheng Hu
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore 169610, Singapore
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
White SM, Avantaggiati ML, Nemazanyy I, Di Poto C, Yang Y, Pende M, Gibney GT, Ressom HW, Field J, Atkins MB, Yi C. YAP/TAZ Inhibition Induces Metabolic and Signaling Rewiring Resulting in Targetable Vulnerabilities in NF2-Deficient Tumor Cells. Dev Cell 2020; 49:425-443.e9. [PMID: 31063758 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Merlin/NF2 is a bona fide tumor suppressor whose mutations underlie inherited tumor syndrome neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), as well as various sporadic cancers including kidney cancer. Multiple Merlin/NF2 effector pathways including the Hippo-YAP/TAZ pathway have been identified. However, the molecular mechanisms underpinning the growth and survival of NF2-mutant tumors remain poorly understood. Using an inducible orthotopic kidney tumor model, we demonstrate that YAP/TAZ silencing is sufficient to induce regression of pre-established NF2-deficient tumors. Mechanistically, YAP/TAZ depletion diminishes glycolysis-dependent growth and increases mitochondrial respiration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) buildup, resulting in oxidative-stress-induced cell death when challenged by nutrient stress. Furthermore, we identify lysosome-mediated cAMP-PKA/EPAC-dependent activation of RAF-MEK-ERK signaling as a resistance mechanism to YAP/TAZ inhibition. Finally, unbiased analysis of TCGA primary kidney tumor transcriptomes confirms a positive correlation of a YAP/TAZ signature with glycolysis and inverse correlations with oxidative phosphorylation and lysosomal gene expression, supporting the clinical relevance of our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M White
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | | | - Ivan Nemazanyy
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Cristina Di Poto
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelmen School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mario Pende
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Geoffrey T Gibney
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Habtom W Ressom
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Jeffery Field
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelmen School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael B Atkins
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Chunling Yi
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nussinov R, Tsai CJ, Jang H. Does Ras Activate Raf and PI3K Allosterically? Front Oncol 2019; 9:1231. [PMID: 31799192 PMCID: PMC6874141 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism through which oncogenic Ras activates its effectors is vastly important to resolve. If allostery is at play, then targeting allosteric pathways could help in quelling activation of MAPK (Raf/MEK/ERK) and PI3K (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) cell proliferation pathways. On the face of it, allosteric activation is reasonable: Ras binding perturbs the conformational ensembles of its effectors. Here, however, we suggest that at least for Raf, PI3K, and NORE1A (RASSF5), that is unlikely. Raf's long disordered linker dampens effective allosteric activation. Instead, we suggest that the high-affinity Ras–Raf binding relieves Raf's autoinhibition, shifting Raf's ensemble from the inactive to the nanocluster-mediated dimerized active state, as Ras also does for NORE1A. PI3K is recruited and allosterically activated by RTK (e.g., EGFR) at the membrane. Ras restrains PI3K's distribution and active site orientation. It stabilizes and facilitates PIP2 binding at the active site and increases the PI3K residence time at the membrane. Thus, RTKs allosterically activate PI3Kα; however, merging their action with Ras accomplishes full activation. Here we review their activation mechanisms in this light and draw attention to implications for their pharmacology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Nussinov
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, United States.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Chung-Jung Tsai
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Hyunbum Jang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Autoinhibition in Ras effectors Raf, PI3Kα, and RASSF5: a comprehensive review underscoring the challenges in pharmacological intervention. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:1263-1282. [PMID: 30269291 PMCID: PMC6233353 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-018-0461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoinhibition is an effective mechanism that guards proteins against spurious activation. Despite its ubiquity, the distinct organizations of the autoinhibited states and their release mechanisms differ. Signaling is most responsive to the cell environment only if a small shift in the equilibrium is required to switch the system from an inactive (occluded) to an active (exposed) state. Ras signaling follows this paradigm. This underscores the challenge in pharmacological intervention to exploit and enhance autoinhibited states. Here, we review autoinhibition and release mechanisms at the membrane focusing on three representative Ras effectors, Raf protein kinase, PI3Kα lipid kinase, and NORE1A (RASSF5) tumor suppressor, and point to the ramifications to drug discovery. We further touch on Ras upstream and downstream signaling, Ras activation, and the Ras superfamily in this light, altogether providing a broad outlook of the principles and complexities of autoinhibition.
Collapse
|
22
|
Koussémou M, Lorenz K, Klotz KN. The A2B adenosine receptor in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells diminishes ERK1/2 phosphorylation by activation of MAPK-phosphatase-1. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202914. [PMID: 30157211 PMCID: PMC6114864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It was previously shown that the estrogen-receptor negative breast cancer cell line MBA-MD-231 expresses high levels of A2B adenosine receptors as the sole adenosine receptor subtype. These receptors couple to both, stimulation of adenylyl cyclase and a Ca2+ signal. In order to establish a potential role of A2B adenosine receptors in tumor growth and development MAPK signaling was investigated in these breast cancer cells. Although it is known that A2B adenosine receptors may stimulate MAPK it was found that in MBA-MD-231 cells ERK1/2 phosphorylation is reduced upon agonist-stimulation of A2B adenosine receptors. This reduction is also triggered by forskolin, but abolished by the PKA inhibitor H89, suggesting an important role for the cAMP-PKA pathway. Likewise, a role for intracellular Ca2+ was established as the Ca2+ chelator 1,2-bis-(o-aminophenoxy)-ethane-N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetic acid, tetraacetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA-AM) abolished the reduction of ERK1/2 phosphorylation triggered by A2B stimulation. It was shown that various pathways downstream from A2B adenosine receptors resulted in a stimulation of MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) which dephosphorylates phospho ERK1/2, and thus plays a critical role in the regulation of the phosphorylation state of ERK1/2. The reduction of ERK1/2 phosphorylation mediated by A2B adenosine receptors might provide an interesting approach for adjuvant treatment leading to reduced growth of certain tumors expressing the A2B subtype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marthe Koussémou
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Lorenz
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften–ISAS–e.V., Bunsen-Dortmund, Germany, and West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karl-Norbert Klotz
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Das M, Das S. Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Induced Morphological Differentiation of Astrocytes Is Associated with Transcriptional Upregulation and Endocytosis of β 2-AR. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2685-2702. [PMID: 30054857 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1260-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an important ω-3 fatty acid, is abundantly present in the central nervous system and is important in every step of brain development. Much of this knowledge has been based on studies of the role of DHA in the function of the neurons, and reports on its effect on the glial cells are few and far between. We have previously reported that DHA facilitates astrocyte differentiation in primary culture. We have further explored the signaling mechanism associated with this event. It was observed that a sustained activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) appeared to be critical for DHA-induced differentiation of the cultured astrocytes. Prior exposure to different endocytic inhibitors blocked both ERK activation and differentiation of the astrocytes during DHA treatment suggesting that the observed induction of ERK-2 was purely endosomal. Unlike the β1-adrenergic receptor (β1-AR) antagonist, atenolol, pre-treatment of the cells with the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) antagonist, ICI-118,551 inhibited the DHA-induced differentiation process, indicating a downstream involvement of β2-AR in the differentiation process. qRT-PCR and western blot analysis demonstrated a significant induction in the mRNA and protein expression of β2-AR at 18-24 h of DHA treatment, suggesting that the induction of β2-AR may be due to transcriptional upregulation. Moreover, DHA caused activation of PKA at 6 h, followed by activation of downstream cAMP response element-binding protein, a known transcription factor for β2-AR. Altogether, the observations suggest that DHA upregulates β2-AR in astrocytes, which undergo endocytosis and signals for sustained endosomal ERK activation to drive the differentiation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moitreyi Das
- Neurobiology Division, Cell Biology & Physiology Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Sumantra Das
- Neurobiology Division, Cell Biology & Physiology Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jain R, Watson U, Vasudevan L, Saini DK. ERK Activation Pathways Downstream of GPCRs. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 338:79-109. [PMID: 29699693 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
GPCRs, the 7-TM receptors, represent a class of cell surface receptors which modulate a variety of physiological responses. The serpentine structure in addition to contributing the diversity of stimuli these receptors can sense also provides flexibility to the extracellular and intracellular regions where other proteins can interact with and can form functionally active multimeric entities. The range in signaling and physiological responses generated by these receptors can be attributed to a large repertoire of the receptor subtypes as well as their differential coupling to various classes of G-protein subunits and other proteins which facilitate multistate activation. A multistate GPCR can engage diverse signaling molecules, thereby modulating not only the canonical cellular responses but also noncanonical responses typically associated with activation of other cascades such as RTK and MAPK/ERK signaling. Given the crucial involvement of MAP kinase/ERK signaling in cell fate determination specially with respect to regulating cell proliferation, cellular apoptosis, and survival, GPCR-mediated cross-activation of MAPK has been explored in various systems and shown to involve functional integration of multiple pathways. This review describes the present knowledge of the different mechanisms of ERK activation downstream of GPCRs and our present understanding of receptor-dependent and -independent MAPK activation cascades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Jain
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Uchenna Watson
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; Department of Studies in Zoology, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysore, India
| | - Lakshmi Vasudevan
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; L-GEST-Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Deepak K Saini
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Robichaux WG, Cheng X. Intracellular cAMP Sensor EPAC: Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutics Development. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:919-1053. [PMID: 29537337 PMCID: PMC6050347 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00025.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on one family of the known cAMP receptors, the exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (EPACs), also known as the cAMP-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factors (cAMP-GEFs). Although EPAC proteins are fairly new additions to the growing list of cAMP effectors, and relatively "young" in the cAMP discovery timeline, the significance of an EPAC presence in different cell systems is extraordinary. The study of EPACs has considerably expanded the diversity and adaptive nature of cAMP signaling associated with numerous physiological and pathophysiological responses. This review comprehensively covers EPAC protein functions at the molecular, cellular, physiological, and pathophysiological levels; and in turn, the applications of employing EPAC-based biosensors as detection tools for dissecting cAMP signaling and the implications for targeting EPAC proteins for therapeutic development are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William G Robichaux
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center , Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center , Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Matoba A, Matsuyama N, Shibata S, Masaki E, Emala CW, Mizuta K. The free fatty acid receptor 1 promotes airway smooth muscle cell proliferation through MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 314:L333-L348. [PMID: 29097424 PMCID: PMC5900353 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00129.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for asthma and influences airway hyperresponsiveness, which is in part modulated by airway smooth muscle proliferative remodeling. Plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) levels are elevated in obese individuals, and long-chain FFAs act as endogenous ligands for the free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1), which couples to both Gq and Gi proteins. We examined whether stimulation of FFAR1 induces airway smooth muscle cell proliferation through classical MEK/ERK and/or phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathways. The long-chain FFAs (oleic acid and linoleic acid) and a FFAR1 agonist (GW9508) induced human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cell proliferation, which was inhibited by the MEK inhibitor U0126 and the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 . The long-chain FFAs and GW9508 increased phosphorylation of ERK, Akt, and p70S6K in HASM cells and freshly isolated rat airway smooth muscle. Downregulation of FFAR1 in HASM cells by siRNA significantly attenuated oleic acid-induced phosphorylation of ERK and Akt. Oleic acid-induced ERK phosphorylation was blocked by either the Gαi-protein inhibitor pertussis toxin or U0126 and was partially inhibited by either the Gαq-specific inhibitor YM-254890 or the Gβγ signaling inhibitor gallein. Oleic acid significantly inhibited forskolin-stimulated cAMP activity, which was attenuated by pertussis toxin. Akt phosphorylation was inhibited by pertussis toxin, the ras inhibitor manumycin A, the Src inhibitor PP1, or LY294002 . Phosphorylation of p70S6K by oleic acid or GW9508 was significantly inhibited by LY294002 , U0126, and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor rapamycin. In conclusion, the FFAR1 promoted airway smooth muscle cell proliferation and p70S6K phosphorylation through MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Matoba
- Department of Dento-oral Anesthesiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry , Sendai , Japan
| | - Nao Matsuyama
- Department of Dento-oral Anesthesiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry , Sendai , Japan
| | - Sumire Shibata
- Department of Dento-oral Anesthesiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry , Sendai , Japan
| | - Eiji Masaki
- Department of Dento-oral Anesthesiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry , Sendai , Japan
| | - Charles W Emala
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University , New York, New York
| | - Kentaro Mizuta
- Department of Dento-oral Anesthesiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry , Sendai , Japan
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University , New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Relative importance of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK3/1) signaling during maturational steroid-induced meiotic G2-M1 transition in zebrafish oocytes. ZYGOTE 2017; 26:62-75. [PMID: 29229010 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199417000545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Participation and relative importance of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling, either alone or in combination, have been investigated during 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP)-induced meiotic G2-M1 transition in denuded zebrafish oocyte. Results demonstrate that concomitant with rapid phosphorylation (activation) of Akt (Ser473) and MAPK (ERK1/2) at as early as 15 min of incubation, DHP stimulation promotes enhanced an GVBD response and histone H1 kinase activation between 1 and 5 h in full-grown oocytes in vitro. While p-Akt reaches its peak at 60 to 90 min and undergoes downregulation to the basal level by 240 min, ERK1/2 phosphorylation (activation) increases gradually until 120 min and remains high thereafter. Although, priming with MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 is without effect, PI3K inhibitors, wortmannin or LY294002, delay the GVBD response significantly (P < 0.001) until 3 h but not at 5 h of incubation. Interestingly, blocking PI3K and MEK function together could abrogate steroid-induced oocyte maturation at all time points tested. While DHP stimulation promotes phospho-PKA catalytic (p-PKAc) dephosphorylation (inactivation) between 30-120 min of incubation, simultaneous inhibition of PI3K and MEK1/2 kinases abrogates DHP action. Conversely, elevated intra-oocyte cAMP, through priming with either adenylyl cyclase (AC) activator forskolin (FK) or dibutyryl cAMP (db-cAMP), abrogates steroid-induced Akt and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Taken together, these results suggest that DHP-induced Akt and ERK activation precedes the onset of meiosis (GVBD response) in a cAMP-sensitive manner and PI3K/Akt and MEK/MAPK pathways together have a pivotal influence in the downregulation of PKA and resumption of meiotic maturation in zebrafish oocytes in vitro.
Collapse
|
28
|
Mohl BP, Emmott E, Roy P. Phosphoproteomic Analysis Reveals the Importance of Kinase Regulation During Orbivirus Infection. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:1990-2005. [PMID: 28851738 PMCID: PMC5672004 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m117.067355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bluetongue virus (BTV) causes infections in wild and domesticated ruminants with high morbidity and mortality and is responsible for significant economic losses in both developing and developed countries. BTV serves as a model for the study of other members of the Orbivirus genus. Previously, the importance of casein kinase 2 for BTV replication was demonstrated. To identify intracellular signaling pathways and novel host-cell kinases involved during BTV infection, the phosphoproteome of BTV infected cells was analyzed. Over 1000 phosphosites were identified using mass spectrometry, which were then used to determine the corresponding kinases involved during BTV infection. This analysis yielded protein kinase A (PKA) as a novel kinase activated during BTV infection. Subsequently, the importance of PKA for BTV infection was validated using a PKA inhibitor and activator. Our data confirmed that PKA was essential for efficient viral growth. Further, we showed that PKA is also required for infection of equid cells by African horse sickness virus, another member of the Orbivirus genus. Thus, despite their preference in specific host species, orbiviruses may utilize the same host signaling pathways during their replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bjorn-Patrick Mohl
- From the ‡Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Edward Emmott
- §University of Cambridge, Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, Lab block level 5, Box 237, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Polly Roy
- From the ‡Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Quinn SN, Graves SH, Dains-McGahee C, Friedman EM, Hassan H, Witkowski P, Sabbatini ME. Adenylyl cyclase 3/adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1) complex mediates the anti-migratory effect of forskolin in pancreatic cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2016; 56:1344-1360. [PMID: 27891679 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal human malignancies. A better understanding of the intracellular mechanism of migration and invasion is urgently needed to develop treatment that will suppress metastases and improve overall survival. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) is a second messenger that has shown to regulate migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. The rise of cyclic AMP suppressed migration and invasion of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. Cyclic AMP is formed from cytosolic ATP by the enzyme adenylyl cyclase (AC). There are ten isoforms of ACs; nine are anchored in the plasma membrane and one is soluble. What remains unknown is the extent to which the expression of transmembrane AC isoforms is both modified in pancreatic cancer and mediates the inhibitory effect of forskolin on cell motility. Using real-time PCR analysis, ADCY3 was found to be highly expressed in pancreatic tumor tissues, resulting in a constitutive increase in cyclic AMP levels. On the other hand, ADCY2 was down-regulated. Migration, invasion, and filopodia formation in two different pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines, HPAC and PANC-1 deficient in AC1 or AC3, were studied. We found that AC3, upon stimulation with forskolin, enhanced cyclic AMP levels and inhibited cell migration and invasion. Unlikely to be due to a cytotoxic effect, the inhibitory effects of forskolin involved the quick formation of AC3/adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1)/G-actin complex, which inhibited filopodia formation and cell motility. Using Western blotting analysis, forskolin, through AC3 activation, caused phosphorylation of CREB, but not ERK. The effect of CREB phosphorylation is likely to be associated with long-term signaling changes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sierra N Quinn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Sarai H Graves
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | | | - Emilee M Friedman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Humma Hassan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Piotr Witkowski
- Division of Abdominal Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Pancreatic Islet Transplant Program, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Maria E Sabbatini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pabbidi MR, Ji X, Maxwell JT, Mignery GA, Samarel AM, Lipsius SL. Inhibition of cAMP-Dependent PKA Activates β2-Adrenergic Receptor Stimulation of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 via Raf-1/MEK/ERK and IP3-Dependent Ca2+ Signaling in Atrial Myocytes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168505. [PMID: 27977772 PMCID: PMC5158063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported in atrial myocytes that inhibition of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) by laminin (LMN)-integrin signaling activates β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) stimulation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2). The present study sought to determine the signaling mechanisms by which inhibition of PKA activates β2-AR stimulation of cPLA2. We therefore determined the effects of zinterol (0.1 μM; zint-β2-AR) to stimulate ICa,L in atrial myocytes in the absence (+PKA) and presence (-PKA) of the PKA inhibitor (1 μM) KT5720 and compared these results with atrial myocytes attached to laminin (+LMN). Inhibition of Raf-1 (10 μM GW5074), phospholipase C (PLC; 0.5 μM edelfosine), PKC (4 μM chelerythrine) or IP3 receptor (IP3R) signaling (2 μM 2-APB) significantly inhibited zint-β2-AR stimulation of ICa,L in-PKA but not +PKA myocytes. Western blots showed that zint-β2-AR stimulation increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation in-PKA compared to +PKA myocytes. Adenoviral (Adv) expression of dominant negative (dn) -PKCα, dn-Raf-1 or an IP3 affinity trap, each inhibited zint-β2-AR stimulation of ICa,L in + LMN myocytes compared to control +LMN myocytes infected with Adv-βgal. In +LMN myocytes, zint-β2-AR stimulation of ICa,L was enhanced by adenoviral overexpression of wild-type cPLA2 and inhibited by double dn-cPLA2S505A/S515A mutant compared to control +LMN myocytes infected with Adv-βgal. In-PKA myocytes depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores by 5 μM thapsigargin failed to inhibit zint-β2-AR stimulation of ICa,L via cPLA2. However, disruption of caveolae formation by 10 mM methyl-β-cyclodextrin inhibited zint-β2-AR stimulation of ICa,L in-PKA myocytes significantly more than in +PKA myocytes. We conclude that inhibition of PKA removes inhibition of Raf-1 and thereby allows β2-AR stimulation to act via PKCα/Raf-1/MEK/ERK1/2 and IP3-mediated Ca2+ signaling to stimulate cPLA2 signaling within caveolae. These findings may be relevant to the remodeling of β-AR signaling in failing and/or aging heart, both of which exhibit decreases in adenylate cyclase activity.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcium Signaling/drug effects
- Calcium Signaling/genetics
- Carbazoles/pharmacology
- Cats
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/genetics
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Female
- Group IV Phospholipases A2/genetics
- Group IV Phospholipases A2/metabolism
- Heart Atria/cytology
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/genetics
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/metabolism
- Male
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf/metabolism
- Pyrroles/pharmacology
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/physiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. R. Pabbidi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - X. Ji
- Department of Physiology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, United States of America
| | - J. T. Maxwell
- Department of Physiology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, United States of America
| | - G. A. Mignery
- Department of Physiology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, United States of America
| | - A. M. Samarel
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, United States of America
| | - S. L. Lipsius
- Department of Physiology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mitogen-activated protein kinases are involved in hepatocanalicular dysfunction and cholestasis induced by oxidative stress. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:2391-2403. [PMID: 27913845 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1898-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In previous studies, we showed that the pro-oxidant model agent tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBuOOH) induces alterations in hepatocanalicular secretory function by activating Ca2+-dependent protein kinase C isoforms (cPKC), via F-actin disorganization followed by endocytic internalization of canalicular transporters relevant to bile formation (Mrp2, Bsep). Since mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) may be downstream effectors of cPKC, we investigated here the involvement of the MAPKs of the ERK1/2, JNK1/2, and p38MAPK types in these deleterious effects. tBuOOH (100 µM, 15 min) increased the proportion of the active, phosphorylated forms of ERK1/2, JNK1/2, and p38MAPK, and panspecific PKC inhibition with bisindolylmaleimide-1 (100 nM) or selective cPKC inhibition with Gö6976 (1 μM) prevented the latter two events. In isolated rat hepatocyte couplets, tBuOOH (100 µM, 15 min) decreased the canalicular vacuolar accumulation of the fluorescent Bsep and Mrp2 substrates, cholylglycylamido fluorescein, and glutathione-methylfluorescein, respectively, and selective inhibitors of ERK1/2 (PD098059), JNK1/2 (SP600125), and p38MAPK (SB203580) partially prevented these alterations. In in situ perfused rat livers, these three MAPK inhibitors prevented tBuOOH (75 µM)-induced impairment of bile flow and the decrease in the biliary output of the Bsep and Mrp2 substrates, taurocholate, and dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione, respectively. The changes in Bsep/Mrp2 and F-actin localization induced by tBuOOH, as assessed by (immuno)fluorescence staining followed by analysis of confocal images, were prevented total or partially by the MAPK inhibitors. We concluded that MAPKs of the ERK1/2, JNK1/2, and p38MAPK types are all involved in cholestasis induced by oxidative stress, by promoting F-actin rearrangement and further endocytic internalization of canalicular transporters critical for bile formation.
Collapse
|
32
|
Nakatsuka Y, Kawakita F, Yasuda R, Umeda Y, Toma N, Sakaida H, Suzuki H. Preventive effects of cilostazol against the development of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus after subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 2016; 127:319-326. [PMID: 27494819 DOI: 10.3171/2016.5.jns152907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic hydrocephalus develops in association with the induction of tenascin-C (TNC), a matricellular protein, after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The aim of this study was to examine if cilostazol, a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase Type III, suppresses the development of chronic hydrocephalus by inhibiting TNC induction in aneurysmal SAH patients. METHODS The authors retrospectively reviewed the factors influencing the development of chronic shunt-dependent hydrocephalus in 87 patients with Fisher Grade 3 SAH using multivariate logistic regression analyses. Cilostazol (50 or 100 mg administered 2 or 3 times per day) was administered from the day following aneurysmal obliteration according to the preference of the attending neurosurgeon. As a separate study, the effects of different dosages of cilostazol on the serum TNC levels were chronologically examined from Days 1 to 12 in 38 SAH patients with Fisher Grade 3 SAH. RESULTS Chronic hydrocephalus occurred in 12 of 36 (33.3%), 5 of 39 (12.8%), and 1 of 12 (8.3%) patients in the 0 mg/day, 100 to 200 mg/day, and 300 mg/day cilostazol groups, respectively. The multivariate analyses showed that older age (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.13-1.24; p = 0.012), acute hydrocephalus (OR 23.28, 95% CI 1.75-729.83; p = 0.016), and cilostazol (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.05-0.93; p = 0.038) independently affected the development of chronic hydrocephalus. Higher dosages of cilostazol more effectively suppressed the serum TNC levels through Days 1 to 12 post-SAH. CONCLUSIONS Cilostazol may prevent the development of chronic hydrocephalus and reduce shunt surgery, possibly by the inhibition of TNC induction after SAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yasuyuki Umeda
- Center for Vessels and Heart, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Sakaida
- Innovative Neuro-Intervention Radiology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine; and
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Within recent years, new cellular, molecular, and genetic techniques have led to an ex plosion of biochemical information about cell growth and regulation. Growth factor recep tor signal transduction and proto-oncogene product function are among the fields that have experienced the most impressive and exciting gains. One important area in which these have merged is in the elucidation of the mechanisms of signal transduction of a class of receptors bearing intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity. The basis of the current "De cade of the Brain" has been the expectation that these powerful techniques and discov eries in cell biology would fuel equally exciting discoveries in the function of the brain and the nervous system in general. The neurotrophins are a class of neurotrophic factors that powerfully shape both the developing and the adult brain. The mechanisms of neuro trophin action via their trk receptors, briefly reviewed in this Update, is one area where the groundwork is likely being established for the futures of neurology and psychiatry. The Neuroscientist 1:3-6, 1995
Collapse
|
34
|
Choudhary P, Gutteridge A, Impey E, Storer RI, Owen RM, Whiting PJ, Bictash M, Benn CL. Targeting the cAMP and Transforming Growth Factor-β Pathway Increases Proliferation to Promote Re-Epithelialization of Human Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:925-37. [PMID: 27112176 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell integrity is critical to the maintenance of retinal function. Many retinopathies such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are caused by the degeneration or malfunction of the RPE cell layer. Replacement of diseased RPE with healthy, stem cell-derived RPE is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating AMD. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) differentiated into RPE progeny have the potential to provide an unlimited supply of cells for transplantation, but challenges around scalability and efficiency of the differentiation process still remain. Using hESC-derived RPE as a cellular model, we sought to understand mechanisms that could be modulated to increase RPE yield after differentiation. We show that RPE epithelialization is a density-dependent process, and cells seeded at low density fail to epithelialize. We demonstrate that activation of the cAMP pathway increases proliferation of dissociated RPE in culture, in part through inhibition of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling. This results in enhanced uptake of epithelial identity, even in cultures seeded at low density. In line with these findings, targeted manipulation of the TGF-β pathway with small molecules produces an increase in efficiency of RPE re-epithelialization. Taken together, these data highlight mechanisms that promote epithelial fate acquisition in stem cell-derived RPE. Modulation of these pathways has the potential to favorably impact scalability and clinical translation of hESC-derived RPE as a cell therapy. SIGNIFICANCE Stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is currently being evaluated as a cell-replacement therapy for macular degeneration. This work shows that the process of generating RPE in vitro is regulated by the cAMP and transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway. Modulation of these pathways by small molecules, as identified by phenotypic screening, leads to an increased efficiency of generating RPE cells with a higher yield. This can have a potential impact on manufacturing transplantation-ready cells at large scale and is advantageous for clinical studies using this approach in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parul Choudhary
- Pfizer Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Ltd., Great Abington, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Gutteridge
- Pfizer Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Ltd., Great Abington, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Impey
- Pfizer Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Ltd., Great Abington, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - R Ian Storer
- Pfizer Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Ltd., Great Abington, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robert M Owen
- Pfizer Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Ltd., Great Abington, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J Whiting
- Pfizer Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Ltd., Great Abington, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Magda Bictash
- Pfizer Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Ltd., Great Abington, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline L Benn
- Pfizer Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Ltd., Great Abington, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Dicitore A, Grassi ES, Caraglia M, Borghi MO, Gaudenzi G, Hofland LJ, Persani L, Vitale G. The cAMP analogs have potent anti-proliferative effects on medullary thyroid cancer cell lines. Endocrine 2016; 51:101-12. [PMID: 25863490 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0597-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The oncogenic activation of the rearranged during transfection (RET) proto-oncogene has a main role in the pathogenesis of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). Several lines of evidence suggest that RET function could be influenced by cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) activity. We evaluated the in vitro anti-tumor activity of 8-chloroadenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-Cl-cAMP) and PKA type I-selective cAMP analogs [equimolar combination of the 8-piperidinoadenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-PIP-cAMP) and 8-hexylaminoadenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-HA-cAMP) in MTC cell lines (TT and MZ-CRC-1)]. 8-Cl-cAMP and the PKA I-selective cAMP analogs showed a potent anti-proliferative effect in both cell lines. In detail, 8-Cl-cAMP blocked significantly the transition of TT cell population from G2/M to G0/G1 phase and from G0/G1 to S phase and of MZ-CRC-1 cells from G0/G1 to S phase. Moreover, 8-Cl-cAMP induced apoptosis in both cell lines, as demonstrated by FACS analysis for annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide, the activation of caspase-3 and PARP cleavage. On the other hand, the only effect induced by PKA I-selective cAMP analogs was a delay in G0/G1-S and S-G2/M progression in TT and MZ-CRC-1 cells, respectively. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that cAMP analogs, particularly 8-Cl-cAMP, significantly suppress in vitro MTC proliferation and provide rationale for a potential clinical use of cAMP analogs in the treatment of advanced MTC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Dicitore
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Via Zucchi 18, Cusano Milanino, 20095, Milan, Italy.
| | - Elisa Stellaria Grassi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Orietta Borghi
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Via Zucchi 18, Cusano Milanino, 20095, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Germano Gaudenzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Leo J Hofland
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Persani
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Via Zucchi 18, Cusano Milanino, 20095, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vitale
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Via Zucchi 18, Cusano Milanino, 20095, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chae SY, Seo SG, Yang H, Yu JG, Suk SJ, Jung ES, Ji H, Kwon JY, Lee HJ, Lee KW. Anti-adipogenic effect of erucin in early stage of adipogenesis by regulating Ras activity in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
|
37
|
PDE4D phosphorylation: A coincidence detector integrating multiple signaling pathways. Cell Signal 2015; 28:719-24. [PMID: 26562185 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In Eukaryotes, more than 100 different phosphodiesterase (PDE) proteins serve to fine-tune cyclic nucleotide (cAMP and cGMP) signals and contribute to specificity of signaling. In mammals, PDEs are divided into 11 families, of which PDE4 represents the largest family. Four genes (pde4a, pde4b, pde4c and pde4d) encode for this class of enzymes in mammals and give rise to more than 20 variants. Within this family of genes, PDE4D was discovered on the basis of its regulatory properties and its induction by hormones and cAMP. PDE4D has often been used as the prototype PDE4 and large body of work has been generated on the biochemical, pharmacological, and physiological properties of this enzyme. This review covers the regulation of PDE4D by phosphorylation, the impact of this regulation in the context of the structure of this protein, and the functional consequences of this complex pattern of posttranslational modifications.
Collapse
|
38
|
Zou M, Baitei EY, Al-Rijjal RA, Parhar RS, Al-Mohanna FA, Kimura S, Pritchard C, BinEssa H, Alanazi AA, Alzahrani AS, Akhtar M, Assiri AM, Meyer BF, Shi Y. KRAS(G12D)-mediated oncogenic transformation of thyroid follicular cells requires long-term TSH stimulation and is regulated by SPRY1. J Transl Med 2015; 95:1269-77. [PMID: 26146959 PMCID: PMC6289253 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
KRAS(G12D) can cause lung cancer rapidly, but is not sufficient to induce thyroid cancer. It is not clear whether long-term serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulation can promote KRAS(G12D)-mediated thyroid follicular cell transformation. In the present study, we investigated the effect of long-term TSH stimulation in KRAS(G12D) knock-in mice and the role of Sprouty1 (SPRY1) in KRAS(G12D)-mediated signaling. We used TPO-KRAS(G12D) mice for thyroid-specific expression of KRAS(G12D) under the endogenous KRAS promoter. Twenty TPO-KRAS(G12D) mice were given anti-thyroid drug propylthiouracil (PTU, 0.1% w/v) in drinking water to induce serum TSH and 20 mice were without PTU treatment. Equal number of wild-type littermates (TPO-KRAS(WT)) was given the same treatment. The expression of SPRY1, a negative regulator of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling, was analyzed in both KRAS(G12D)-and BRAF(V600E)-induced thyroid cancers. Without PTU treatment, only mild thyroid enlargement and hyperplasia were observed in TPO-KRAS(G12D) mice. With PTU treatment, significant thyroid enlargement and hyperplasia occurred in both TPO-KRAS(G12D) and TPO-KRAS(WT) littermates. Thyroids from TPO-KRAS(G12D) mice were six times larger than TPO-KRAS(WT) littermates. Distinct thyroid histology was found between TPO-KRAS(G12D) and TPO-KRAS(WT) mice: thyroid from TPO-KRAS(G12D) mice showed hyperplasia with well-maintained follicular architecture whereas in TPO-KRAS(WT) mice this structure was replaced by papillary hyperplasia. Among 10 TPO-KRAS(G12D) mice monitored for 14 months, two developed follicular thyroid cancer (FTC), one with pulmonary metastasis. Differential SPRY1 expression was demonstrated: increased in FTC and reduced in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). The increased SPRY1 expression in FTC promoted TSH-RAS signaling through PI3K/AKT pathway whereas downregulation of SPRY1 by BRAF(V600E) in PTC resulted in both MAPK and PI3K/AKT activation. We conclude that chronic TSH stimulation can enhance KRAS(G12D)-mediated oncogenesis, leading to FTC. SPRY1 may function as a molecular switch to control MAPK signaling and its downregulation by BRAF(V600E) favors PTC development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minjing Zou
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essa Y Baitei
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roua A Al-Rijjal
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ranjit S Parhar
- Department of Cell Biology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Futwan A Al-Mohanna
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shioko Kimura
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Catrin Pritchard
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Huda BinEssa
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azizah A Alanazi
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S Alzahrani
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Akhtar
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Assiri
- Department of Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Brian F Meyer
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yufei Shi
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
RAF family kinases were among the first oncoproteins to be described more than 30 years ago. They primarily act as signalling relays downstream of RAS, and their close ties to cancer have fuelled a large number of studies. However, we still lack a systems-level understanding of their regulation and mode of action. The recent discovery that the catalytic activity of RAF depends on an allosteric mechanism driven by kinase domain dimerization is providing a vital new piece of information towards a comprehensive model of RAF function. The fact that current RAF inhibitors unexpectedly induce ERK signalling by stimulating RAF dimerization also calls for a deeper structural characterization of this family of kinases.
Collapse
|
40
|
Wnorowski A, Sadowska M, Paul RK, Singh NS, Boguszewska-Czubara A, Jimenez L, Abdelmohsen K, Toll L, Jozwiak K, Bernier M, Wainer IW. Activation of β2-adrenergic receptor by (R,R')-4'-methoxy-1-naphthylfenoterol inhibits proliferation and motility of melanoma cells. Cell Signal 2015; 27:997-1007. [PMID: 25703025 PMCID: PMC4361792 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
(R,R')-4'-methoxy-1-naphthylfenoterol [(R,R')-MNF] is a highly-selective β2 adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonist. Incubation of a panel of human-derived melanoma cell lines with (R,R')-MNF resulted in a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of motility as assessed by in vitro wound healing and xCELLigence migration and invasion assays. Activity of (R,R')-MNF positively correlated with the β2-AR expression levels across tested cell lines. The anti-motility activity of (R,R')-MNF was inhibited by the β2-AR antagonist ICI-118,551 and the protein kinase A inhibitor H-89. The adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin and the phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor Ro 20-1724 mimicked the ability of (R,R')-MNF to inhibit migration of melanoma cell lines in culture, highlighting the importance of cAMP for this phenomenon. (R,R')-MNF caused significant inhibition of cell growth in β2-AR-expressing cells as monitored by radiolabeled thymidine incorporation and xCELLigence system. The MEK/ERK cascade functions in cellular proliferation, and constitutive phosphorylation of MEK and ERK at their active sites was significantly reduced upon β2-AR activation with (R,R')-MNF. Protein synthesis was inhibited concomitantly both with increased eEF2 phosphorylation and lower expression of tumor cell regulators, EGF receptors, cyclin A and MMP-9. Taken together, these results identified β2-AR as a novel potential target for melanoma management, and (R,R')-MNF as an efficient trigger of anti-tumorigenic cAMP/PKA-dependent signaling in β2-AR-expressing lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artur Wnorowski
- Department of Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Mariola Sadowska
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Rajib K Paul
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Nagendra S Singh
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | | | | | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Lawrence Toll
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA.
| | - Krzysztof Jozwiak
- Department of Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Michel Bernier
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Irving W Wainer
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Prostaglandins, particularly PGE2, are important to adult bone and joint health, but how prostaglandins act on growth plate cartilage to affect bone growth is unclear. We show that growth plate cartilage is distinct from articular cartilage with respect to cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 mRNA expression; although articular chondrocytes express very little COX-2, COX-2 expression is high in growth plate chondrocytes and is increased by IGF-I. In bovine primary growth plate chondrocytes, ATDC5 cells, and human metatarsal explants, inhibition of COX activity with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibits chondrocyte proliferation and ERK activation by IGF-I. This inhibition is reversed by prostaglandin E2 and prostacyclin (PGI2) but not by prostaglandin D2 or thromboxane B2. Inhibition of COX activity in young mice by ip injections of NSAIDs causes dwarfism. In growth plate chondrocytes, inhibition of proliferation and ERK activation by NSAIDs is reversed by forskolin, 8-bromoadenosine, 3',5'-cAMP and a prostacyclin analog, iloprost. The inhibition of proliferation and ERK activation by celecoxib is also reversed by 8CPT-2Me-cAMP, an activator of Epac, implicating the small G protein Rap1 in the pathway activated by iloprost. These results imply that prostacyclin is required for proper growth plate development and bone growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele R Hutchison
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Maitra S, Das D, Ghosh P, Hajra S, Roy SS, Bhattacharya S. High cAMP attenuation of insulin-stimulated meiotic G2-M1 transition in zebrafish oocytes: interaction between the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and the MAPK3/1 pathways. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 393:109-19. [PMID: 24956082 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
High intra-cellular cyclic nucleotide (cAMP) ensures prophase-I arrest and prevent steroid-induced meiotic G2-M1 transition in full-grown oocytes; however, relatively less information is available for cAMP regulation of growth factor-stimulated signalling events in the oocyte model. Here using zebrafish oocytes, we show that priming with dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP) or cAMP modulators, e.g. adenylate cyclase activator, forskolin or phosphodiesterase inhibitors (IBMX/cilostamide) block insulin action on germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and histone H1 kinase activation. Though high cAMP priming attenuates insulin-induced MAPK3/1 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation (activation), following 2h of insulin stimulation it fails to block MAPK activation and GVBD. Further, insulin stimulation promotes down regulation of phospho-PKAc (inactivation) and PKA inhibition by H89/PKI-(6-22)-amide overcomes negative regulation by cAMP and induces GVBD and MAPK activation. Moreover, MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 has no influence on H89-induced GVBD; however, it delays GVBD response in insulin-stimulated oocytes. MAPK activation by okadaic acid (OA) promotes GVBD; however, high dbcAMP abrogates OA action suggesting cross-talk between cAMP/PKA and MAPK-mediated signalling pathways may contribute significantly in maturing zebrafish oocyte.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Maitra
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, India.
| | - Debabrata Das
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Pritha Ghosh
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Sudip Hajra
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Sib Sankar Roy
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gold MG, Gonen T, Scott JD. Local cAMP signaling in disease at a glance. J Cell Sci 2014; 126:4537-43. [PMID: 24124191 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.133751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The second messenger cyclic AMP (cAMP) operates in discrete subcellular regions within which proteins that synthesize, break down or respond to the second messenger are precisely organized. A burgeoning knowledge of compartmentalized cAMP signaling is revealing how the local control of signaling enzyme activity impacts upon disease. The aim of this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster is to highlight how misregulation of local cyclic AMP signaling can have pathophysiological consequences. We first introduce the core molecular machinery for cAMP signaling, which includes the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), and then consider the role of A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) in coordinating different cAMP-responsive proteins. The latter sections illustrate the emerging role of local cAMP signaling in four disease areas: cataracts, cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Gold
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Alakus H, Babicky ML, Ghosh P, Yost S, Jepsen K, Dai Y, Arias A, Samuels ML, Mose ES, Schwab RB, Peterson MR, Lowy AM, Frazer KA, Harismendy O. Genome-wide mutational landscape of mucinous carcinomatosis peritonei of appendiceal origin. Genome Med 2014; 6:43. [PMID: 24944587 PMCID: PMC4062050 DOI: 10.1186/gm559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucinous neoplasms of the appendix (MNA) are rare tumors which may progress from benign to malignant disease with an aggressive biological behavior. MNA is often diagnosed after metastasis to the peritoneal surfaces resulting in mucinous carcinomatosis peritonei (MCP). Genetic alterations in MNA are poorly characterized due to its low incidence, the hypo-cellularity of MCPs, and a lack of relevant pre-clinical models. As such, application of targeted therapies to this disease is limited to those developed for colorectal cancer and not based on molecular rationale. METHODS We sequenced the whole exomes of 10 MCPs of appendiceal origin to identify genome-wide somatic mutations and copy number aberrations and validated significant findings in 19 additional cases. RESULTS Our study demonstrates that MNA has a different molecular makeup than colorectal cancer. Most tumors have co-existing oncogenic mutations in KRAS (26/29) and GNAS (20/29) and are characterized by downstream PKA activation. High-grade tumors are GNAS wild-type (5/6), suggesting they do not progress from low-grade tumors. MNAs do share some genetic alterations with colorectal cancer including gain of 1q (5/10), Wnt, and TGFβ pathway alterations. In contrast, mutations in TP53 (1/10) and APC (0/10), common in colorectal cancer, are rare in MNA. Concurrent activation of the KRAS and GNAS mediated signaling pathways appears to be shared with pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. CONCLUSIONS MNA genome-wide mutational analysis reveals genetic alterations distinct from colorectal cancer, in support of its unique pathophysiology and suggests new targeted therapeutic opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Alakus
- Division of Genome Information Sciences, Department of Pediatrics and Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA ; Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Michele L Babicky
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA ; Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shawn Yost
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kristen Jepsen
- Division of Genome Information Sciences, Department of Pediatrics and Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yang Dai
- Division of Genome Information Sciences, Department of Pediatrics and Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Angelo Arias
- Division of Genome Information Sciences, Department of Pediatrics and Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Evangeline S Mose
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Richard B Schwab
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA ; Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael R Peterson
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew M Lowy
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA ; Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kelly A Frazer
- Division of Genome Information Sciences, Department of Pediatrics and Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA ; Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA ; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA ; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Olivier Harismendy
- Division of Genome Information Sciences, Department of Pediatrics and Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA ; Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA ; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Agarwal R, Agarwal P. Newer targets for modulation of intraocular pressure: focus on adenosine receptor signaling pathways. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:527-39. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.888416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
46
|
Nakayama Y, Yang L, Takai H, Kaneko H, Abiko Y, Ogata Y. Fibroblast growth factor 2 and forskolin induce mineralization-associated genes in two kinds of osteoblast-like cells. J Oral Sci 2013; 54:251-9. [PMID: 23047036 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.54.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and cyclic AMP (cAMP) play critical roles in controlling the differentiation of osteoblasts and mineralization of bone. We have previously reported that each of FGF2 and forskolin (FSK) alone increase transcription of the bone sialoprotein (BSP) gene, and that together (FGF/FSK) they upregulate BSP gene expression synergistically in rat osteoblast-like ROS 17/2.8 cells. However, other genes that are upregulated after stimulation by FGF2, FSK or FGF/FSK remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated candidate genes associated with mineralization after stimulation by FGF2, FSK and FGF/FSK in two kinds of osteoblast-like cells using microarray and real-time PCR. In ROS17/2.8 cells, FGF2 and FSK each increased the gene expression of c-FOS (7.2-fold and 10.7-fold, respectively). However, FGF/FSK did not induce c-FOS gene expression. FGF2 increased the expression of the dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1, 129.8-fold) gene. In contrast, FGF/FSK increased the expression of the amphiregulin (AREG, 73-fold) gene maximally. In human osteoblast-like Saos2 cells, FGF2 increased the expression of the osteopontin (SPP1, 16.7-fold), interleukin-8 (IL8, 6.4-fold) and IL11 (4.8-fold) genes. FSK induced the expression of the IL6 (2.6-fold), IL11 (4.0-fold), chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13, 2.8-fold) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2, 2.5-fold) genes. These results suggest that FGF2 and FSK might be crucial regulators of mineralization and bone formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Nakayama
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kanasaki H, Mijiddorj T, Sukhbaatar U, Oride A, Miyazaki K. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) increases expression of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor in GnRH-producing GT1-7 cells overexpressing PACAP type I receptor. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 193:95-102. [PMID: 23899713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates the action of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-producing neuronal cells, GT1-7. Because we found the expression levels of PACAP type 1 receptor (PAC1R) to be low in these cells, we transfected them with PAC1R expression vector and observed the outcome. PACAP increased the activity of the serum response element (Sre) promoter, a target of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), as well as the cAMP response element (Cre) promoter in GT1-7 cells overexpressing PAC1R. We also observed ERK phosphorylation and cAMP accumulation upon PACAP stimulation. PACAP stimulated the promoter activity of GnRH receptor (GnRHR) with increasing levels of GnRHR proteins. Notably, the increase in GnRHR promoter activity from kisspeptin was potentiated in the presence of PACAP. A similar increasing effect of PACAP on the action of kisspeptin was observed for Cre promoter activity. On the other hand, the Sre promoter activated by kisspeptin was inhibited by co-treatment with kisspeptin and PACAP. Likewise, kisspeptin-increased GnRHR promoter activity and Cre promoter activity were both potentiated in the presence of cAMP, whereas the Sre promoter activated by kisspeptin was inhibited in the presence of cAMP. Our observations show that PACAP increases GnRHR expression and stimulates kisspeptin's effect on GnRHR expression in association with the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in GT1-7 cells overexpressing PAC1R. In addition, PACAP was shown to have an inhibitory effect on ERK-mediated kisspeptin action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Kanasaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University, School of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer is often diagnosed at the metastatic stage, with median survival of just 1 year. The identification of driver mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as the primary oncogenic event in a subset of lung adenocarcinomas led to a model of targeted treatment and genetic profiling of the disease. EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors confer remission in 60% of patients, but responses are short-lived. The pre-existing EGFR Thr790Met mutation could be a subclonal driver responsible for these transient responses. Overexpression of AXL and reduced MED12 function are hallmarks of resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer. Crosstalk between signalling pathways is another mechanism of resistance; therefore, identification of the molecular components involved could lead to the development of combination therapies cotargeting these molecules instead of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor monotherapy. Additionally, novel biomarkers could be identified through deep sequencing analysis of serial rebiopsies before and during treatment.
Collapse
|
49
|
Bao Y, Chen Y, Ledderose C, Li L, Junger WG. Pannexin 1 channels link chemoattractant receptor signaling to local excitation and global inhibition responses at the front and back of polarized neutrophils. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:22650-7. [PMID: 23798685 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.476283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil chemotaxis requires excitatory signals at the front and inhibitory signals at the back of cells, which regulate cell migration in a chemotactic gradient field. We have previously shown that ATP release via pannexin 1 (PANX1) channels and autocrine stimulation of P2Y2 receptors contribute to the excitatory signals at the front. Here we show that PANX1 also contributes to the inhibitory signals at the back, namely by providing the ligand for A2A adenosine receptors. In resting neutrophils, we found that A2A receptors are uniformly distributed across the cell surface. In polarized cells, A2A receptors redistributed to the back where their stimulation triggered intracellular cAMP accumulation and protein kinase A (PKA) activation, which blocked chemoattractant receptor signaling. Inhibition of PANX1 blocked A2A receptor stimulation and cAMP accumulation in response to formyl peptide receptor stimulation. Treatments that blocked endogenous A2A receptor signaling impaired the polarization and migration of neutrophils in a chemotactic gradient field and resulted in enhanced ERK and p38 MAPK signaling in response to formyl peptide receptor stimulation. These findings suggest that chemoattractant receptors require PANX1 to trigger excitatory and inhibitory signals that synergize to fine-tune chemotactic responses at the front and back of neutrophils. PANX1 channels thus link local excitatory signals to the global inhibitory signals that orchestrate chemotaxis of neutrophils in gradient fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Bao
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bachmann VA, Riml A, Huber RG, Baillie GS, Liedl KR, Valovka T, Stefan E. Reciprocal regulation of PKA and Rac signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:8531-6. [PMID: 23657011 PMCID: PMC3666698 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1215902110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and receptor tyrosine kinases relay extracellular signals through spatial and temporal controlled kinase and GTPase entities. These enzymes are coordinated by multifunctional scaffolding proteins for precise intracellular signal processing. The cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) is the prime example for compartmentalized signal transmission downstream of distinct GPCRs. A-kinase anchoring proteins tether PKA to specific intracellular sites to ensure precision and directionality of PKA phosphorylation events. Here, we show that the Rho-GTPase Rac contains A-kinase anchoring protein properties and forms a dynamic cellular protein complex with PKA. The formation of this transient core complex depends on binary interactions with PKA subunits, cAMP levels and cellular GTP-loading accounting for bidirectional consequences on PKA and Rac downstream signaling. We show that GTP-Rac stabilizes the inactive PKA holoenzyme. However, β-adrenergic receptor-mediated activation of GTP-Rac-bound PKA routes signals to the Raf-Mek-Erk cascade, which is critically implicated in cell proliferation. We describe a further mechanism of how cAMP enhances nuclear Erk1/2 signaling: It emanates from transphosphorylation of p21-activated kinases in their evolutionary conserved kinase-activation loop through GTP-Rac compartmentalized PKA activities. Sole transphosphorylation of p21-activated kinases is not sufficient to activate Erk1/2. It requires complex formation of both kinases with GTP-Rac1 to unleash cAMP-PKA-boosted activation of Raf-Mek-Erk. Consequently GTP-Rac functions as a dual kinase-tuning scaffold that favors the PKA holoenzyme and contributes to potentiate Erk1/2 signaling. Our findings offer additional mechanistic insights how β-adrenergic receptor-controlled PKA activities enhance GTP-Rac-mediated activation of nuclear Erk1/2 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena A. Bachmann
- Institutes of Biochemistry and
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; and
| | - Anna Riml
- Institutes of Biochemistry and
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; and
| | - Roland G. Huber
- Theoretical Chemistry and
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; and
| | - George S. Baillie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus R. Liedl
- Theoretical Chemistry and
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; and
| | - Taras Valovka
- Institutes of Biochemistry and
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; and
| | - Eduard Stefan
- Institutes of Biochemistry and
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; and
| |
Collapse
|