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Tims AR, Unmack PJ, Hammer MP, Brown C, Adams M, McGee MD. Museum Genomics Reveals the Hybrid Origin of an Extinct Crater Lake Endemic. Syst Biol 2024; 73:506-520. [PMID: 38597146 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syae017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Crater lake fishes are common evolutionary model systems, with recent studies suggesting a key role for gene flow in promoting rapid adaptation and speciation. However, the study of these young lakes can be complicated by human-mediated extinctions. Museum genomics approaches integrating genetic data from recently extinct species are, therefore, critical to understanding the complex evolutionary histories of these fragile systems. Here, we examine the evolutionary history of an extinct Southern Hemisphere crater lake endemic, the rainbowfish Melanotaenia eachamensis. We undertook a comprehensive sampling of extant rainbowfish populations of the Atherton Tablelands of Australia alongside historical museum material to understand the evolutionary origins of the extinct crater lake population and the dynamics of gene flow across the ecoregion. The extinct crater lake species is genetically distinct from all other nearby populations due to historic introgression between 2 proximate riverine lineages, similar to other prominent crater lake speciation systems, but this historic gene flow has not been sufficient to induce a species flock. Our results suggest that museum genomics approaches can be successfully combined with extant sampling to unravel complex speciation dynamics involving recently extinct species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy R Tims
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Peter J Unmack
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Michael P Hammer
- Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, Darwin, Northern Territory 0801, Australia
| | - Culum Brown
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Mark Adams
- Evolutionary Biology Unit, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Matthew D McGee
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
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2
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Brownstein CD, Zapfe KL, Lott S, Harrington R, Ghezelayagh A, Dornburg A, Near TJ. Synergistic innovations enabled the radiation of anglerfishes in the deep open ocean. Curr Biol 2024; 34:2541-2550.e4. [PMID: 38788708 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Major ecological transitions are thought to fuel diversification, but whether they are contingent on the evolution of certain traits called key innovations1 is unclear. Key innovations are routinely invoked to explain how lineages rapidly exploit new ecological opportunities.1,2,3 However, investigations of key innovations often focus on single traits rather than considering trait combinations that collectively produce effects of interest.4 Here, we investigate the evolution of synergistic trait interactions in anglerfishes, which include one of the most species-rich vertebrate clades in the bathypelagic, or "midnight," zone of the deep sea: Ceratioidea.5 Ceratioids are the only vertebrates that possess sexual parasitism, wherein males temporarily attach or permanently fuse to females to mate.6,7 We show that the rapid transition of ancestrally benthic anglerfishes into pelagic habitats occurred during a period of major global warming 50-35 million years ago.8,9 This transition coincided with the origins of sexual parasitism, which is thought to increase the probability of successful reproduction once a mate is found in the midnight zone, Earth's largest habitat.5,6,7 Our reconstruction of the evolutionary history of anglerfishes and the loss of immune genes support that permanently fusing clades have convergently degenerated their adaptive immunity. We find that degenerate adaptive immune genes and sexual body size dimorphism, both variably present in anglerfishes outside the ceratioid radiation, likely promoted their transition into the bathypelagic zone. These results show how traits from separate physiological, morphological, and reproductive systems can interact synergistically to drive major transitions and subsequent diversification in novel environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase D Brownstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 21 Sachem Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Katerina L Zapfe
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina Charlotte, 9331 Robert D. Snyder Rd., Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Spencer Lott
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 21 Sachem Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Richard Harrington
- Department of Natural Resources, Marine Resources Division, 217 Ft. Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412-9110, USA
| | - Ava Ghezelayagh
- Department of Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, 5734 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alex Dornburg
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina Charlotte, 9331 Robert D. Snyder Rd., Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Thomas J Near
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 21 Sachem Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Peabody Museum, Yale University, 21 Sachem Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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3
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Imamoto M, Nakamura H, Aibara M, Hatashima R, Kimirei IA, Kashindye BB, Itoh T, Nikaido M. Severe Bottleneck Impacted the Genomic Structure of Egg-Eating Cichlids in Lake Victoria. Mol Biol Evol 2024; 41:msae093. [PMID: 38782570 PMCID: PMC11166178 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msae093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Within 15,000 years, the explosive adaptive radiation of haplochromine cichlids in Lake Victoria, East Africa, generated 500 endemic species. In the 1980s, the upsurge of Nile perch, a carnivorous fish artificially introduced to the lake, drove the extinction of more than 200 endemic cichlids. The Nile perch predation particularly harmed piscivorous cichlids, including paedophages, cichlids eat eggs and fries, which is an example of the unique trophic adaptation seen in African cichlids. Here, aiming to investigate past demographic events possibly triggered by the invasion of Nile perch and the subsequent impacts on the genetic structure of cichlids, we conducted large-scale comparative genomics. We discovered evidence of recent bottleneck events in 4 species, including 2 paedophages, which began during the 1970s to 1980s, and population size rebounded during the 1990s to 2000s. The timing of the bottleneck corresponded to the historical records of endemic haplochromines" disappearance and later resurgence, which is likely associated with the introduction of Nile perch by commercial demand to Lake Victoria in the 1950s. Interestingly, among the 4 species that likely experienced bottleneck, Haplochromis sp. "matumbi hunter," a paedophagous cichlid, showed the most severe bottleneck signatures. The components of shared ancestry inferred by ADMIXTURE suggested a high genetic differentiation between matumbi hunter and other species. In contrast, our phylogenetic analyses highly supported the monophyly of the 5 paedophages, consistent with the results of previous studies. We conclude that high genetic differentiation of matumbi hunter occurred due to the loss of shared genetic components among haplochromines in Lake Victoria caused by the recent severe bottleneck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minami Imamoto
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruna Nakamura
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Integrative Evolutionary Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuto Aibara
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Hatashima
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ismael A Kimirei
- Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute (TAFIRI), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Takehiko Itoh
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Nikaido
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Cooper WJ, Conith MR, Conith AJ. Surfperches versus Damselfishes: Trophic Evolution in Closely Related Pharyngognath Fishes with Highly Divergent Reproductive Strategies. Integr Org Biol 2024; 6:obae018. [PMID: 38939103 PMCID: PMC11210498 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obae018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Surfperches and damselfishes are very closely related ovalentarians with large reproductive differences. Damselfishes are typical of most Ovalentaria in that they lay demersal eggs that hatch into small, free-feeding larvae. Surfperches are unusual among ovalentarians and most acanthomorphs in having prolonged internal development. They are born at an advanced stage, some as adults, and bypass the need to actively feed throughout an extended period of ontogeny. Damselfishes and surfperches possess the same modifications of the fifth branchial arch that allow them to perform advanced food processing within the pharynx. This condition (pharyngognathy) has large effects on the evolution of feeding mechanics and trophic ecology. Although the evolution of pharyngognaths has received considerable attention, the effects of different reproductive strategies on their diversification have not been examined. We compared head shape evolution in surfperches and damselfishes using geometric morphometrics, principal component analyses, and multiple phylogenetic-comparative techniques. We found that they have similar mean head shapes, that their primary axes of shape variation are comparable and distinguish benthic-feeding and pelagic-feeding forms in each case, and that, despite large differences in crown divergence times, their head shape disparities are not significantly different. Several lines of evidence suggest that evolution has been more constrained in damselfishes: Head shape is evolving faster in surfperches, more anatomical traits have undergone correlated evolution in damselfishes, there is significant phylogenetic signal in damselfish evolution (but not surfperches), and damselfishes exhibit significant allometry in head shape that is not present in surfperches.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Cooper
- Biology Department, College of Science and Engineering, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA
- Marine and Coastal Science, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA
| | - M R Conith
- Biology Department, College of Science and Engineering, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA
| | - A J Conith
- Department of Biology, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60604, USA
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5
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Raoul P, De Gaetano V, Sciaraffia G, Ormea G, Cintoni M, Pozzo C, Strippoli A, Gasbarrini A, Mele MC, Rinninella E. Gastric Cancer, Immunotherapy, and Nutrition: The Role of Microbiota. Pathogens 2024; 13:357. [PMID: 38787209 PMCID: PMC11124250 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized the treatment of gastric cancer (GC), which still represents the third leading cause of cancer-related death in Western countries. However, ICI treatment outcomes vary between individuals and need to be optimized. Recent studies have shown that gut microbiota could represent a key influencer of immunotherapy responses. At the same time, the nutritional status and diet of GC patients are also predictive of immunotherapy treatment response and survival outcomes. The objective of this narrative review is to gather recent findings about the complex relationships between the oral, gastric, and gut bacterial communities, dietary factors/nutritional parameters, and immunotherapy responses. Perigastric/gut microbiota compositions/functions and their metabolites could be predictive of response to immunotherapy in GC patients and even overall survival. At the same time, the strong influence of diet on the composition of the microbiota could have consequences on immunotherapy responses through the impact of muscle mass in GC patients during immunotherapy. Future studies are needed to define more precisely the dietary factors, such as adequate daily intake of prebiotics, that could counteract the dysbiosis of the GC microbiota and the impaired nutritional status, improving the clinical outcomes of GC patients during immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Raoul
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Abdominal Surgery and Endocrine-Metabolic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy (M.C.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Valeria De Gaetano
- School of Specialization in Internal Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.D.G.); (G.S.)
| | - Gianmario Sciaraffia
- School of Specialization in Internal Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (V.D.G.); (G.S.)
| | - Ginevra Ormea
- Degree Course in Pharmacy, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Cintoni
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Abdominal Surgery and Endocrine-Metabolic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy (M.C.); (M.C.M.)
- Research and Training Center in Human Nutrition, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carmelo Pozzo
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Antonia Strippoli
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Research and Training Center in Human Nutrition, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Digestive Disease Center (CEMAD), Department of Medical and Abdominal Surgery and Endocrine-Metabolic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mele
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Abdominal Surgery and Endocrine-Metabolic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy (M.C.); (M.C.M.)
- Research and Training Center in Human Nutrition, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Rinninella
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Abdominal Surgery and Endocrine-Metabolic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy (M.C.); (M.C.M.)
- Research and Training Center in Human Nutrition, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
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6
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Roberts-Hugghis AS, Burress ED, Lam B, Wainwright PC. The cichlid pharyngeal jaw novelty enhances evolutionary integration in the feeding apparatus. Evolution 2023; 77:1917-1929. [PMID: 37326103 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpad109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The modified pharyngeal jaw system of cichlid fishes is widely viewed as a key innovation that substantially facilitated the evolutionary exuberance of this iconic evolutionary radiation. We conduct comparative phylogenetic analyses of integration, disparity, and rate of evolution among feeding-related, skeletal structures in Neotropical cichlids and North American centrarchids, which lack the specialized pharyngeal jaw. Contrasting evolutionary patterns in these two continental radiations, we test a classic decoupling hypothesis. Specifically, we ask whether the modified pharyngeal jaw in cichlids resulted in enhanced evolutionary independence of the oral and pharyngeal jaws, leading to increased diversity of trophic structures. Contrary to this prediction, we find significantly stronger evolutionary integration between the oral and pharyngeal jaws in cichlids compared to centrarchids, although the two groups do not differ in patterns of integration within each jaw system. Further, though we find no significant differences in disparity, centrarchids show faster rates of morphological evolution. Our results suggest that the modified pharyngeal jaw resulted in less evolutionary independence and slower rates of evolution within the feeding system. Thus, we raise the possibility that the cichlid novelty enhances feeding performance, but does not prompt increased morphological diversification within the feeding apparatus, as has long been thought.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward D Burress
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
| | - Brian Lam
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Peter C Wainwright
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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7
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Santos ME, Lopes JF, Kratochwil CF. East African cichlid fishes. EvoDevo 2023; 14:1. [PMID: 36604760 PMCID: PMC9814215 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-022-00205-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cichlid fishes are a very diverse and species-rich family of teleost fishes that inhabit lakes and rivers of India, Africa, and South and Central America. Research has largely focused on East African cichlids of the Rift Lakes Tanganyika, Malawi, and Victoria that constitute the biodiversity hotspots of cichlid fishes. Here, we give an overview of the study system, research questions, and methodologies. Research on cichlid fishes spans many disciplines including ecology, evolution, physiology, genetics, development, and behavioral biology. In this review, we focus on a range of organismal traits, including coloration phenotypes, trophic adaptations, appendages like fins and scales, sensory systems, sex, brains, and behaviors. Moreover, we discuss studies on cichlid phylogenies, plasticity, and general evolutionary patterns, ranging from convergence to speciation rates and the proximate and ultimate mechanisms underlying these processes. From a methodological viewpoint, the last decade has brought great advances in cichlid fish research, particularly through the advent of affordable deep sequencing and advances in genetic manipulations. The ability to integrate across traits and research disciplines, ranging from developmental biology to ecology and evolution, makes cichlid fishes a fascinating research system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Emília Santos
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - João F. Lopes
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Claudius F. Kratochwil
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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8
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Herrera Y, Fuentes-Retamal S, Kemmerling U, Peichoto ME, Ortiz JC, Urra FA. Shedding Light on the Dentition and Venom Delivery System of the Rear-Fanged Snake, Galvarinus chilensis chilensis (Serpentes: Dipsadidae: Tachymenini) from Chile. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121788. [PMID: 36552297 PMCID: PMC9775764 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although the rear-fanged snake Galvarinus chilensis chilensis (formerly named Tachymenis ch. chilensis) causes ophidian accidents with clinical importance in Chile, the anatomical and histological characterizations of the venom delivery system (venom gland and fang) of this species still remain unknown. This study describes the dentition and characteristics of fangs and their ontogenetic variations in G. ch. chilensis. Moreover, histological and histochemistry analyses of the venom glands of this species are presented. Using micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy, the dentitions of neonates, juveniles, and adults were analyzed, and no ontogenetic variations in teeth length and number present in the dentary and maxilla were observed. Moreover, we found three types of basic teeth, with distributional patterns conserved in all ontogenetic categories. The fangs exhibited a groove from the base to the middle. At the end of the groove, prominent ridges are formed. The fang and groove lengths were significantly distinct between ontogenetic categories. No differences between females and males were observed. Histologically, we found that the venom gland is close to the fangs and has a seromucous composition. Our results describe, for the first time, the distributional pattern and characteristics of the dentition and venom delivery system of the poorly studied snake G. ch. chilensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarela Herrera
- Metabolic Plasticity and Bioenergetics Laboratory, Program of Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Network for Snake Venom Research and Drug Discovery, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Sebastián Fuentes-Retamal
- Metabolic Plasticity and Bioenergetics Laboratory, Program of Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Network for Snake Venom Research and Drug Discovery, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Ulrike Kemmerling
- Program of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - María Elisa Peichoto
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), National Institute of Tropical Medicine—National Administration of Laboratories and Health Institutes (ANLIS “Dr. Carlos G Malbrán”), Puerto Iguazú 9C59+8V, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Juan Carlos Ortiz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural and Oceanographic Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepción 4070032, Chile
| | - Félix A. Urra
- Metabolic Plasticity and Bioenergetics Laboratory, Program of Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Network for Snake Venom Research and Drug Discovery, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Correspondence:
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9
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Burress ED, Muñoz MM. Functional Trade-offs Asymmetrically Promote Phenotypic Evolution. Syst Biol 2022; 72:150-160. [PMID: 35961046 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syac058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Trade-offs are thought to bias evolution and are core features of many anatomical systems. Therefore, trade-offs may have far-reaching macroevolutionary consequences, including patterns of morphological, functional, and ecological diversity. Jaws, like many complex anatomical systems, are comprised of elements involved in biomechanical trade-offs. We test the impact of a core mechanical trade-off, transmission of velocity versus force (i.e., mechanical advantage), on rates of jaw evolution in Neotropical cichlids. Across 130 species representing a wide array of feeding ecologies, we find that the velocity-force trade-off impacts evolution of the surrounding jaw system. Specifically, rates of jaw evolution are faster at functional extremes than in more functionally intermediate or unspecialized jaws. Yet, surprisingly, the effect on jaw evolution is uneven across the extremes of the velocity-force continuum. Rates of jaw evolution are 4 to 10-fold faster in velocity-modified jaws, whereas force-modified jaws are 7 to 18-fold faster, compared to unspecialized jaws, depending on the extent of specialization. Further, we find that a more extreme mechanical trade-off resulted in faster rates of jaw evolution. The velocity-force trade-off reflects a gradient from specialization on capture-intensive (e.g., evasive or buried) to processing-intensive prey (e.g., attached or shelled), respectively. The velocity extreme of the trade-off is characterized by large magnitudes of trait change leading to functionally divergent specialists and ecological stasis. By contrast, the force extreme of the trade-off is characterized by enhanced ecological lability made possible by phenotypes more readily co-opted for different feeding ecologies. This asymmetry of macroevolutionary outcomes along each extreme is likely the result of an enhanced utility of the pharyngeal jaw system as force-modified oral jaws are adapted for prey that require intensive processing (e.g., algae, detritus, and molluscs). The velocity-force trade-off, a fundamental feature of many anatomical systems, promotes rapid phenotypic evolution of the surrounding jaw system in a canonical continental adaptive radiation. Considering that the velocity-force trade-off is an inherent feature of all jaw systems that involve a lower element that rotates at a joint, spanning the vast majority of vertebrates, our results may be widely applicable across the tree of life. [adaptive radiation; constraint; decoupling; jaws; macroevolution; specialization].
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward D Burress
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Martha M Muñoz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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10
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Hopkins JM, Edwards W, Schwarzkopf L. Invading the soundscape: exploring the effects of invasive species’ calls on acoustic signals of native wildlife. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02856-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe transmission and reception of sound, both between conspecifics and among individuals of different species, play a crucial role in individual fitness, because correct interpretation of meaning encoded in acoustic signals enables important context-appropriate behaviours, such as predator avoidance, foraging, and mate location and identification. Novel noise introduced into a soundscape can disrupt the processes of receiving and recognising sounds. When species persist in the presence of novel noise, it may mask the production and reception of sounds important to fitness, and can reduce population size, species richness, or relative abundances, and thus influence community structure. In the past, most investigations into the effects of novel noise have focused on noises generated by anthropogenic sources. The few studies that have explored the effects of calls from invasive species suggest native species alter behaviours (particularly their vocal behaviour) in the presence of noise generated by invasive species. These effects may differ from responses to anthropogenic noises, because noises made by invasive species are biotic in origin, and may therefore be more spectrally similar to the calls of native species, and occur at similar times. Thus, in some cases, negative fitness consequences for native species, associated with noises generated by invasive species, may constitute interspecific competition. Possible negative consequences of invasive species calls represent an overlooked, and underappreciated, class of competitive interactions. We are far from understanding the full extent of the effects of invasive species on native ones. Further investigation of the contribution of noise interference to native species’ decline in the presence of invasive species will significantly increase our understanding of an important class of interactions between invasive and native species.
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11
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Muruga P, Bellwood DR, Mihalitsis M. Forensic odontology: Assessing bite wounds to determine the role of teeth in piscivorous fishes. Integr Org Biol 2022; 4:obac011. [PMID: 35505796 PMCID: PMC9053946 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obac011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Teeth facilitate the acquisition and processing of food in most vertebrates. However, relatively little is known about the functions of the diverse tooth morphologies observed in fishes. Piscivorous fishes (fish-eating fish) are crucial in shaping community structure and rely on their oral teeth to capture and/or process prey. However, how teeth are utilized in capturing and/or processing prey remains unclear. Most studies have determined the function of teeth by assessing morphological traits. The behavior during feeding, however, is seldom quantified. Here, we describe the function of teeth within piscivorous fishes by considering how morphological and behavioral traits interact during prey capture and processing. This was achieved through aquarium-based performance experiments, where prey fish were fed to 12 species of piscivorous fishes. Building on techniques in forensic odontology, we incorporate a novel approach to quantify and categorize bite damage on prey fish that were extracted from the piscivore’s stomachs immediately after being ingested. We then assess the significance of morphological and behavioral traits in determining the extent and severity of damage inflicted on prey fish. Results show that engulfing piscivores capture their prey whole and head-first. Grabbing piscivores capture prey tail-first using their teeth, process them using multiple headshakes and bites, before spitting them out, and then re-capturing prey head-first for ingestion. Prey from engulfers sustained minimal damage, whereas prey from grabbers sustained significant damage to the epaxial musculature. Within grabbers, headshakes were significantly associated with more severe damage categories. Headshaking behavior damages the locomotive muscles of prey, presumably to prevent escape. Compared to non-pharyngognaths, pharyngognath piscivores inflict significantly greater damage to prey. Overall, when present, oral jaw teeth appear to be crucial for both prey capture and processing (immobilization) in piscivorous fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooventhran Muruga
- Research Hub for Coral Reef Ecosystem Functions, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - David R Bellwood
- Research Hub for Coral Reef Ecosystem Functions, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Michalis Mihalitsis
- Research Hub for Coral Reef Ecosystem Functions, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
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12
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Cuevas A, Eroukhmanoff F, Ravinet M, Sætre GP, Runemark A. Predictors of genomic differentiation within a hybrid taxon. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010027. [PMID: 35148321 PMCID: PMC8870489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybridization is increasingly recognized as an important evolutionary force. Novel genetic methods now enable us to address how the genomes of parental species are combined in hybrid lineages. However, we still do not know the relative importance of admixed proportions, genome architecture and local selection in shaping hybrid genomes. Here, we take advantage of the genetically divergent island populations of Italian sparrow on Crete, Corsica and Sicily to investigate the predictors of genomic variation within a hybrid taxon. We test if differentiation is affected by recombination rate, selection, or variation in ancestry proportions. We find that the relationship between recombination rate and differentiation is less pronounced within hybrid lineages than between the parent species, as expected if purging of minor parent ancestry in low recombination regions reduces the variation available for differentiation. In addition, we find that differentiation between islands is correlated with differences in signatures of selection in two out of three comparisons. Signatures of selection within islands are correlated across all islands, suggesting that shared selection may mould genomic differentiation. The best predictor of strong differentiation within islands is the degree of differentiation from house sparrow, and hence loci with Spanish sparrow ancestry may vary more freely. Jointly, this suggests that constraints and selection interact in shaping the genomic landscape of differentiation in this hybrid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Cuevas
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fabrice Eroukhmanoff
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mark Ravinet
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Glenn-Peter Sætre
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Runemark
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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13
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Rombaut LMK, Capp EJR, Hughes EC, Varley ZK, Beckerman AP, Cooper N, Thomas GH. The evolution of the traplining pollinator role in hummingbirds: specialization is not an evolutionary dead end. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20212484. [PMID: 35042413 PMCID: PMC8767203 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.2484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Trapliners are pollinators that visit widely dispersed flowers along circuitous foraging routes. The evolution of traplining in hummingbirds is thought to entail morphological specialization through the reciprocal coevolution of longer bills with the long-tubed flowers of widely dispersed plant species. Specialization, such as that exhibited by traplining hummingbirds, is often viewed as both irreversible and an evolutionary dead end. We tested these predictions in a macroevolutionary framework. Specifically, we assessed the relationship between beak morphology and foraging and tested whether transitions to traplining are irreversible and lead to lower rates of diversification as predicted by the hypothesis that specialization is an evolutionary dead end. We find that there have been multiple independent transitions to traplining across the hummingbird phylogeny, but reversals have been rare or incomplete at best. Multiple independent lineages of trapliners have become morphologically specialized, convergently evolving relatively large bills for their body size. Traplining is not an evolutionary dead end however, since trapliners continue to give rise to new traplining species at a rate comparable to non-trapliners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louie M. K. Rombaut
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum London, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Elliot J. R. Capp
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Emma C. Hughes
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Zoë K. Varley
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum London, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
- Bird Group, Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum Tring, Akeman Street, Tring, Hertfordshire HP23 6AP, UK
| | - Andrew P. Beckerman
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Natalie Cooper
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum London, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Gavin H. Thomas
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Bird Group, Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum Tring, Akeman Street, Tring, Hertfordshire HP23 6AP, UK
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14
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Ronco F, Salzburger W. Tracing evolutionary decoupling of oral and pharyngeal jaws in cichlid fishes. Evol Lett 2021; 5:625-635. [PMID: 34917401 PMCID: PMC8645199 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary innovations can facilitate diversification if the novel trait enables a lineage to exploit new niches or by expanding character space. The elaborate pharyngeal jaw apparatus of cichlid fishes is often referred to as an evolutionary "key innovation" that has promoted the spectacular adaptive radiations in these fishes. This goes back to the idea that the structural and functional independence of the oral and pharyngeal jaws for food capturing and food processing, respectively, permitted each jaw type to follow independent evolutionary trajectories. This "evolutionary decoupling" is thought to have facilitated novel trait combinations and, hence, ecological specialization, ultimately allowing more species to coexist in sympatry. Here, we test the hypotheses of evolutionary decoupling of the oral and pharyngeal jaws in the massive adaptive radiation of cichlid fishes in African Lake Tanganyika. Based on phylogenetic comparative analyses of oral jaw morphology and lower pharyngeal jaw shape across most of the ∼240 cichlid species occurring in that lake, we show that the two jaws evolved coupled along the main axes of morphological variation, yet most other components of these trait complexes evolved largely independently over the course of the radiation. Further, we find limited correlations between the two jaws in both overall divergence and evolutionary rates. Moreover, we show that the two jaws were evolutionary decoupled at a late stage of the radiation, suggesting that decoupling contributed to micro-niche partitioning and the associated rapidly increasing trophic diversity during this phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizia Ronco
- Zoological Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences University of Basel Basel CH-4051 Switzerland
| | - Walter Salzburger
- Zoological Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences University of Basel Basel CH-4051 Switzerland
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15
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Burress ED, Muñoz MM. Ecological limits on the decoupling of prey capture and processing in fishes. Integr Comp Biol 2021; 61:773-782. [PMID: 34165524 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icab148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ray-finned fishes have two jaw systems, the oral and pharyngeal jaws, which perform functions associated with prey capture and processing, respectively. The structural independence of the jaw systems is recognized as having broad implications for the functional and ecological diversity of the radiation. Cichlids (and a few other lineages) possess a modified pharyngeal jaw system that enhances prey processing versatility and capacity. This innovation, pharyngognathy, is hypothesized to have freed the oral jaws to diversify in terms of prey capture. We test the relative role of prey capture properties (e.g., evasiveness) and prey processing (e.g., crushing) in driving divergent selection in the oral and pharyngeal jaws using a macroevolutionary model fitting framework. Evolutionary outcomes were asymmetric. All transitions between different properties of prey capture had a corresponding transition in properties of prey processing. In contrast, fewer than half the transitions in the properties of prey processing had a corresponding prey capture transition. This discrepancy was further highlighted by multi-peak models that reflect the opposing function of each jaw system, which fit better than null models for oral jaw traits, but not pharyngeal jaw traits. These results suggest that pharyngeal jaw function can change independently from the function of the oral jaws, but not vice versa. This finding highlights the possibility of ecological limits to the evolutionary decoupling of jaw systems. The independent actions of prey capture and processing may be decoupled, but their respective functional demands (and evolution) are not. Therefore, prey likely impose some degree of coordinated evolution between acquisition and processing functional morphology, even in decoupled jaw systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward D Burress
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Yale University, 165 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Martha M Muñoz
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Yale University, 165 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511
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16
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Olivier D, Van Wassenbergh S, Parmentier E, Frédérich B. Unprecedented Biting Performance in Herbivorous Fish: How the Complex Biting System of Pomacentridae Circumvents Performance Trade-Offs. Am Nat 2021; 197:E156-E172. [DOI: 10.1086/713498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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17
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Marques V, Milhau T, Albouy C, Dejean T, Manel S, Mouillot D, Juhel J. GAPeDNA: Assessing and mapping global species gaps in genetic databases for eDNA metabarcoding. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Marques
- MARBEC Univ Montpellier CNRS Ifremer IRD Montpellier France
- CEFE EPHE CNRS UM UPV IRD PSL Research University Montpellier France
| | | | - Camille Albouy
- IFREMER Unité Ecologie et Modèles pour l’Halieutique Nantes cedex 3 Nantes France
| | | | - Stéphanie Manel
- CEFE EPHE CNRS UM UPV IRD PSL Research University Montpellier France
| | - David Mouillot
- MARBEC Univ Montpellier CNRS Ifremer IRD Montpellier France
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville Qld Australia
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18
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Mihalitsis M, Hemingson CR, Goatley CHR, Bellwood DR. The role of fishes as food: A functional perspective on predator–prey interactions. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michalis Mihalitsis
- Research Hub for Coral Reef Ecosystem Functions James Cook University Townsville QLD Australia
- College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Townsville QLD Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville QLD Australia
| | - Christopher R. Hemingson
- Research Hub for Coral Reef Ecosystem Functions James Cook University Townsville QLD Australia
- College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Townsville QLD Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville QLD Australia
| | - Christopher H. R. Goatley
- Function, Evolution and Anatomy Research (FEAR) Lab and Palaeoscience Research Centre School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New England Armidale Australia
- Australian Museum Research InstituteAustralian Museum Sydney NSW Australia
| | - David R. Bellwood
- Research Hub for Coral Reef Ecosystem Functions James Cook University Townsville QLD Australia
- College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Townsville QLD Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville QLD Australia
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19
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Bianconi ME, Hackel J, Vorontsova MS, Alberti A, Arthan W, Burke SV, Duvall MR, Kellogg EA, Lavergne S, McKain MR, Meunier A, Osborne CP, Traiperm P, Christin PA, Besnard G. Continued Adaptation of C4 Photosynthesis After an Initial Burst of Changes in the Andropogoneae Grasses. Syst Biol 2020; 69:445-461. [PMID: 31589325 PMCID: PMC7672695 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syz066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
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}{}$_{4}$\end{document} photosynthesis is a complex trait that sustains fast growth and high productivity in tropical and subtropical conditions and evolved repeatedly in flowering plants. One of the major C\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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}{}$_{4}$\end{document} lineages is Andropogoneae, a group of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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}{}$\sim $\end{document}1200 grass species that includes some of the world’s most important crops and species dominating tropical and some temperate grasslands. Previous efforts to understand C\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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}{}$_{4}$\end{document} evolution in the group have compared a few model C\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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}{}$_{4}$\end{document} plants to distantly related C\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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}{}$_{3}$\end{document} species so that changes directly responsible for the transition to C\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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}{}$_{4}$\end{document} could not be distinguished from those that preceded or followed it. In this study, we analyze the genomes of 66 grass species, capturing the earliest diversification within Andropogoneae as well as their C\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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}{}$_{3}$\end{document} relatives. Phylogenomics combined with molecular dating and analyses of protein evolution show that many changes linked to the evolution of C\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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}{}$_{4}$\end{document} photosynthesis in Andropogoneae happened in the Early Miocene, between 21 and 18 Ma, after the split from its C\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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}{}$_{3}$\end{document} sister lineage, and before the diversification of the group. This initial burst of changes was followed by an extended period of modifications to leaf anatomy and biochemistry during the diversification of Andropogoneae, so that a single C\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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}{}$_{4}$\end{document} origin gave birth to a diversity of C\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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}{}$_{4}$\end{document} phenotypes during 18 million years of speciation events and migration across geographic and ecological spaces. Our comprehensive approach and broad sampling of the diversity in the group reveals that one key transition can lead to a plethora of phenotypes following sustained adaptation of the ancestral state. [Adaptive evolution; complex traits; herbarium genomics; Jansenelleae; leaf anatomy; Poaceae; phylogenomics.]
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus E Bianconi
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Jan Hackel
- Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique (EDB, UMR 5174), CNRS/IRD/Université Toulouse III, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK
| | - Maria S Vorontsova
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK
| | - Adriana Alberti
- CEA - Institut de Biologie Francois-Jacob, Genoscope, 2 Rue Gaston Cremieux 91057 Evry Cedex, France
| | - Watchara Arthan
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AH, UK
| | - Sean V Burke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular and Bioinformatics Center, Northern Illinois University, 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy, DeKalb, IL 60115-2861, USA
| | - Melvin R Duvall
- Department of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular and Bioinformatics Center, Northern Illinois University, 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy, DeKalb, IL 60115-2861, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Kellogg
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, MI 63132, USA
| | - Sébastien Lavergne
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, CNRS – Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR 5553, Grenoble, France
| | - Michael R McKain
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, 500 Hackberry Lane, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Alexandre Meunier
- Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique (EDB, UMR 5174), CNRS/IRD/Université Toulouse III, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Colin P Osborne
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Paweena Traiperm
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, King Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pascal-Antoine Christin
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Guillaume Besnard
- Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique (EDB, UMR 5174), CNRS/IRD/Université Toulouse III, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence to be sent to: Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique (EDB, UMR 5174), CNRS/IRD/Université Toulouse III, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France; E-mail:
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20
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Carleton KL, Conte MA, Malinsky M, Nandamuri SP, Sandkam BA, Meier JI, Mwaiko S, Seehausen O, Kocher TD. Movement of transposable elements contributes to cichlid diversity. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:4956-4969. [PMID: 33049090 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
African cichlid fishes are a prime model for studying speciation mechanisms. Despite the development of extensive genomic resources, it has been difficult to determine which sources of genetic variation are responsible for cichlid phenotypic variation. One of their most variable phenotypes is visual sensitivity, with some of the largest spectral shifts among vertebrates. These shifts arise primarily from differential expression of seven cone opsin genes. By mapping expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) in intergeneric crosses of Lake Malawi cichlids, we previously identified four causative genetic variants that correspond to indels in the promoters of either key transcription factors or an opsin gene. In this comprehensive study, we show that these indels are the result of the movement of transposable elements (TEs) that correlate with opsin expression variation across the Malawi flock. In tracking the evolutionary history of these particular indels, we found they are endemic to Lake Malawi, suggesting that these TEs are recently active and are segregating within the Malawi cichlid lineage. However, an independent indel has arisen at a similar genomic location in one locus outside of the Malawi flock. The convergence in TE movement suggests these loci are primed for TE insertion and subsequent deletions. Increased TE mobility may be associated with interspecific hybridization, which disrupts mechanisms of TE suppression. This might provide a link between cichlid hybridization and accelerated regulatory variation. Overall, our study suggests that TEs may be an important driver of key regulatory changes, facilitating rapid phenotypic change and possibly speciation in African cichlids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Carleton
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Matthew A Conte
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Milan Malinsky
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.,Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Joana I Meier
- Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre for Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,Computational and Molecular Population Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Salome Mwaiko
- Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre for Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre for Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Thomas D Kocher
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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21
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Larouche O, Hodge JR, Alencar LRV, Camper B, Adams DS, Zapfe K, Friedman ST, Wainwright PC, Price SA. Do key innovations unlock diversification? A case-study on the morphological and ecological impact of pharyngognathy in acanthomorph fishes. Curr Zool 2020; 66:575-588. [PMID: 33293935 PMCID: PMC7705508 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoaa048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Key innovations may allow lineages access to new resources and facilitate the invasion of new adaptive zones, potentially influencing diversification patterns. Many studies have focused on the impact of key innovations on speciation rates, but far less is known about how they influence phenotypic rates and patterns of ecomorphological diversification. We use the repeated evolution of pharyngognathy within acanthomorph fishes, a commonly cited key innovation, as a case study to explore the predictions of key innovation theory. Specifically, we investigate whether transitions to pharyngognathy led to shifts in the rate of phenotypic evolution, as well as shifts and/or expansion in the occupation of morphological and dietary space, using a dataset of 8 morphological traits measured across 3,853 species of Acanthomorpha. Analyzing the 6 evolutionarily independent pharyngognathous clades together, we found no evidence to support pharyngognathy as a key innovation; however, comparisons between individual pharyngognathous lineages and their sister clades did reveal some consistent patterns. In morphospace, most pharyngognathous clades cluster in areas that correspond to deeper-bodied morphologies relative to their sister clades, while occupying greater areas in dietary space that reflects a more diversified diet. Additionally, both Cichlidae and Labridae exhibited higher univariate rates of phenotypic evolution compared with their closest relatives. However, few of these results were exceptional relative to our null models. Our results suggest that transitions to pharyngognathy may only be advantageous when combined with additional ecological or intrinsic factors, illustrating the importance of accounting for lineage-specific effects when testing key innovation hypotheses. Moreover, the challenges we experienced formulating informative comparisons, despite the ideal evolutionary scenario of multiple independent evolutionary origins of pharyngognathous clades, illustrates the complexities involved in quantifying the impact of key innovations. Given the issues of lineage specific effects and rate heterogeneity at macroevolutionary scales we observed, we suggest a reassessment of the expected impacts of key innovations may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Larouche
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Jennifer R Hodge
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Laura R V Alencar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Benjamin Camper
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Danielle S Adams
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Katerina Zapfe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Sarah T Friedman
- Department of Evolution & Ecology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Peter C Wainwright
- Department of Evolution & Ecology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Samantha A Price
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
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22
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Weller HI, Olsen AM, Camp AL, Manafzadeh AR, Hernandez LP, Brainerd EL. An XROMM Study of Food Transport and Swallowing in Channel Catfish. Integr Org Biol 2020; 2:obaa018. [PMID: 33791560 PMCID: PMC7750989 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obaa018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Most predatory ray-finned fishes swallow their food whole, which can pose a significant challenge, given that prey items can be half as large as the predators themselves. How do fish transport captured food from the mouth to the stomach? Prior work indicates that, in general, fish use the pharyngeal jaws to manipulate food into the esophagus, where peristalsis is thought to take over. We used X-Ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology to track prey transport in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). By reconstructing the 3D motions of both the food and the catfish, we were able to track how the catfish move food through the head and into the stomach. Food enters the oral cavity at high velocities as a continuation of suction and stops in the approximate location of the branchial basket before moving in a much slower, more complex path toward the esophagus. This slow phase coincides with little motion in the head and no substantial mouth opening or hyoid depression. Once the prey is in the esophagus, however, its transport is surprisingly tightly correlated with gulping motions (hyoid depression, girdle retraction, hypaxial shortening, and mouth opening) of the head. Although the transport mechanism itself remains unknown, to our knowledge, this is the first description of synchrony between cranial expansion and esophageal transport in a fish. Our results provide direct evidence of prey transport within the esophagus and suggest that peristalsis may not be the sole mechanism of esophageal transport in catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- H I Weller
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - A M Olsen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - A L Camp
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - A R Manafzadeh
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - L P Hernandez
- Department of Biological Science, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - E L Brainerd
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Burress ED, Wainwright PC. A peacock bass (Cichla) functional novelty relaxes a constraint imposed by the classic cichlid pharyngeal jaw innovation. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Innovations may provide access to new resources but often result in significant trade-offs. Pharyngognathy is a classic pharyngeal jaw innovation in which the left and right lower pharyngeal jaw (LPJ) bones are united into a single structure, producing a strong bite but reduced gape. Throughout cichlids, pharyngeal suturing occurs along the entire medial border between LPJ bones, except in peacock bass (Cichla), where these bones are connected by ligaments only in their anterior region. We show that this limited attachment permits the jaw bones to spread apart and we link this feature to an increase in pharyngeal gape that is comparable to non-pharyngognathous species. The capacity of the LPJ bones to spread apart is strongest in juveniles and is mostly lost during development. Juvenile Cichla exhibit size-specific pharyngeal gape similar to non-pharyngognathous percomorphs; however, adults exhibit pharyngeal gape on par with other predatory cichlids. Relaxation of pharyngeal suturing offsets a major deleterious consequence of pharyngognathy by reducing gape limitation and we propose this may accelerate the ontogenetic transition to piscivory. Partial reversal of the classic cichlid pharyngeal jaw innovation highlights the functional trade-offs that often accompany innovations and may be a major cause of variation in their macroevolutionary consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward D Burress
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Peter C Wainwright
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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24
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Gillespie RG, Bennett GM, De Meester L, Feder JL, Fleischer RC, Harmon LJ, Hendry AP, Knope ML, Mallet J, Martin C, Parent CE, Patton AH, Pfennig KS, Rubinoff D, Schluter D, Seehausen O, Shaw KL, Stacy E, Stervander M, Stroud JT, Wagner C, Wogan GOU. Comparing Adaptive Radiations Across Space, Time, and Taxa. J Hered 2020; 111:1-20. [PMID: 31958131 PMCID: PMC7931853 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esz064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive radiation plays a fundamental role in our understanding of the evolutionary process. However, the concept has provoked strong and differing opinions concerning its definition and nature among researchers studying a wide diversity of systems. Here, we take a broad view of what constitutes an adaptive radiation, and seek to find commonalities among disparate examples, ranging from plants to invertebrate and vertebrate animals, and remote islands to lakes and continents, to better understand processes shared across adaptive radiations. We surveyed many groups to evaluate factors considered important in a large variety of species radiations. In each of these studies, ecological opportunity of some form is identified as a prerequisite for adaptive radiation. However, evolvability, which can be enhanced by hybridization between distantly related species, may play a role in seeding entire radiations. Within radiations, the processes that lead to speciation depend largely on (1) whether the primary drivers of ecological shifts are (a) external to the membership of the radiation itself (mostly divergent or disruptive ecological selection) or (b) due to competition within the radiation membership (interactions among members) subsequent to reproductive isolation in similar environments, and (2) the extent and timing of admixture. These differences translate into different patterns of species accumulation and subsequent patterns of diversity across an adaptive radiation. Adaptive radiations occur in an extraordinary diversity of different ways, and continue to provide rich data for a better understanding of the diversification of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary G Gillespie
- University of California, Berkeley, Essig Museum of Entomology & Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, Berkeley, CA
| | - Gordon M Bennett
- University of California Merced, Life and Environmental Sciences Unit, Merced, CA
| | - Luc De Meester
- University of Leuven, Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, Leuven, Belguim
| | - Jeffrey L Feder
- University of Notre Dame, Dept. of Biological Sciences, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Robert C Fleischer
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC
| | - Luke J Harmon
- University of Idaho, Dept. of Biological Sciences, Moscow, ID
| | | | | | | | - Christopher Martin
- University of California Berkeley, Integrative Biology and Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Berkeley, CA
| | | | - Austin H Patton
- Washington State University, School of Biological Sciences, Pullman, WA
| | - Karin S Pfennig
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Biology, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Daniel Rubinoff
- University of Hawaiʻi at Manoa, Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, Honolulu, HI
| | | | - Ole Seehausen
- Institute of Ecology & Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, BE, Switzerland
- Center for Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, Eawag, Kastanienbaum, LU, Switzerland
| | - Kerry L Shaw
- Cornell University, Neurobiology and Behavior, Tower Road,, Ithaca, NY
| | - Elizabeth Stacy
- University of Nevada Las Vegas, School of Life Sciences, Las Vegas, NV
| | - Martin Stervander
- University of Oregon, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Eugene, OR
| | - James T Stroud
- Washington University in Saint Louis, Biology, Saint Louis, MO
| | | | - Guinevere O U Wogan
- University of California Berkeley, Environmental Science Policy, and Management, Berkeley, CA
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25
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Ord TJ, Garcia-Porta J, Querejeta M, Collar DC. Gliding Dragons and Flying Squirrels: Diversifying versus Stabilizing Selection on Morphology following the Evolution of an Innovation. Am Nat 2020; 195:E51-E66. [DOI: 10.1086/706305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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26
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MARTIN CHRISTOPHERH, RICHARDS EMILIEJ. The paradox behind the pattern of rapid adaptive radiation: how can the speciation process sustain itself through an early burst? ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY, EVOLUTION, AND SYSTEMATICS 2019; 50:569-593. [PMID: 36237480 PMCID: PMC9555815 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110617-062443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Rapid adaptive radiation poses a distinct question apart from speciation and adaptation: what happens after one speciation event? That is, how are some lineages able to continue speciating through a rapid burst? This question connects global macroevolutionary patterns to microevolutionary processes. Here we review major features of rapid radiations in nature and their mismatch with theoretical models and what is currently known about speciation mechanisms. Rapid radiations occur on three major diversification axes - species richness, phenotypic disparity, and ecological diversity - with exceptional outliers on each axis. The paradox is that the hallmark early stage of adaptive radiation, a rapid burst of speciation and niche diversification, is contradicted by most existing speciation models which instead predict continuously decelerating speciation rates and niche subdivision through time. Furthermore, while speciation mechanisms such as magic traits, phenotype matching, and physical linkage of co-adapted alleles promote speciation, it is often not discussed how these mechanisms could promote multiple speciation events in rapid succession. Additional mechanisms beyond ecological opportunity are needed to understand how rapid radiations occur. We review the evidence for five emerging theories: 1) the 'transporter' hypothesis: introgression and the ancient origins of adaptive alleles, 2) the 'signal complexity' hypothesis: the dimensionality of sexual traits, 3) the connectivity of fitness landscapes, 4) 'diversity begets diversity', and 5) flexible stem/'plasticity first'. We propose new questions and predictions to guide future work on the mechanisms underlying the rare origins of rapid radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- CHRISTOPHER H. MARTIN
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Integrative Biology and Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - EMILIE J. RICHARDS
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Integrative Biology and Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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27
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Burress ED, Tan M, Wainwright PC. Head Shape Modulates Diversification of a Classic Cichlid Pharyngeal Jaw Innovation. Am Nat 2019; 194:693-706. [PMID: 31613667 DOI: 10.1086/705392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Functional innovations are often invoked to explain the uneven distribution of ecological diversity. Innovations may provide access to new adaptive zones by expanding available ecological opportunities and may serve as catalysts of adaptive radiation. However, diversity is often unevenly distributed within clades that share a key innovation, highlighting the possibility that the impact of the innovation is mediated by other traits. Pharyngognathy is a widely recognized innovation of the pharyngeal jaws that enhances the ability to process hard and tough prey in several major radiations of fishes, including marine wrasses and freshwater cichlids. We explored diversification of lower pharyngeal jaw shape, a key feature of pharyngognathy, and the extent to which it is influenced by head shape in Neotropical cichlids. While pharyngeal jaw shape was unaffected by either head length or head depth, its disparity declined dramatically with increasing head width. Head width also predicted the rate of pharyngeal jaw evolution such that higher rates were associated with narrow heads. Wide heads are associated with exploiting prey that require intense processing by pharyngeal jaws that have expanded surfaces for the attachment of enlarged muscles. However, we show that a wide head constrains access to adaptive peaks associated with several trophic roles. A constraint on the independent evolution of pharyngeal jaw and head shape may explain the uneven distribution of ecological diversity within a clade that shares a major functional innovation.
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28
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Mihalitsis M, Bellwood D. Functional implications of dentition-based morphotypes in piscivorous fishes. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:190040. [PMID: 31598277 PMCID: PMC6774978 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Teeth are crucial in elucidating the life history of vertebrates. However, most studies of teeth have focused on mammals. In heterodont mammals, tooth function is based on tooth shape and position along the jaw. However, the vast majority of vertebrates are homodont, and tooth function might not be based on the same principles (in homodonts, tooth shape is broadly similar along the jaw). We provide a quantitative framework and establish dentition-based morphotypes for piscivorous fishes. We then assess how these morphotypes relate to key functional feeding traits. We identified three broad morphotypes: edentulate, villiform and macrodont, with edentulate and villiform species displaying considerable functional overlap; macrodont species are more distinct. When analysing macrodonts exclusively, we found a major axis of variation between 'front-fanged' and 'back-fanged' species. The functional interpretations of this axis suggest that tooth-based functional decoupling could exist, even in homodont vertebrates, where teeth have similar shapes. This diversity is based not only on tooth shape but also solely on the position along the jaw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalis Mihalitsis
- College of Science and Engineering, Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
- Australian Research Council, Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
- Author for correspondence: Michalis Mihalitsis e-mail:
| | - David Bellwood
- College of Science and Engineering, Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
- Australian Research Council, Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
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29
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Longo SJ. Chronicles of an adaptive radiation. Nat Ecol Evol 2019; 3:1005-1006. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-019-0915-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Harmon LJ, Andreazzi CS, Débarre F, Drury J, Goldberg EE, Martins AB, Melián CJ, Narwani A, Nuismer SL, Pennell MW, Rudman SM, Seehausen O, Silvestro D, Weber M, Matthews B. Detecting the macroevolutionary signal of species interactions. J Evol Biol 2019; 32:769-782. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luke J. Harmon
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Eawag Kastanienbaum Switzerland
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Idaho Moscow Idaho
| | | | - Florence Débarre
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Université Paris Diderot, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences (UMR7618) Paris France
| | | | - Emma E. Goldberg
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota Saint Paul Minnesota
| | - Ayana B. Martins
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Eawag Kastanienbaum Switzerland
- Instituto de Física ‘Gleb Wataghin’ Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas Brazil
| | - Carlos J. Melián
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Eawag Kastanienbaum Switzerland
| | - Anita Narwani
- Department of Aquatic Ecology Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Eawag Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Scott L. Nuismer
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Idaho Moscow Idaho
| | - Matthew W. Pennell
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia
| | - Seth M. Rudman
- Department of Biology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Eawag Kastanienbaum Switzerland
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Daniele Silvestro
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences Global Gothenburg Biodiversity Centre University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Marjorie Weber
- Department of Plant Biology & Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan
| | - Blake Matthews
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Eawag Kastanienbaum Switzerland
- Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Bern Bern Switzerland
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31
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Burress ED, Wainwright PC. Adaptive radiation in labrid fishes: A central role for functional innovations during 65 My of relentless diversification. Evolution 2019; 73:346-359. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward D. Burress
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, Center for Population Biology University of California Davis California 95616
| | - Peter C. Wainwright
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, Center for Population Biology University of California Davis California 95616
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32
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Healy K, Carbone C, Jackson AL. Snake venom potency and yield are associated with prey-evolution, predator metabolism and habitat structure. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:527-537. [PMID: 30616302 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Snake venom is well known for its ability to incapacitate and kill prey. Yet, potency and the amount of venom available varies greatly across species, ranging from the seemingly harmless to those capable of killing vast numbers of potential prey. This variation is poorly understood, with comparative approaches confounded by the use of atypical prey species as models to measure venom potency. Here, we account for such confounding issues by incorporating the phylogenetic similarity between a snake's diet and the species used to measure its potency. In a comparative analysis of 102 species we show that snake venom potency is generally prey-specific. We also show that venom yields are lower in species occupying three dimensional environments and increases with body size corresponding to metabolic rate, but faster than predicted from increases in prey size. These results underline the importance of physiological and environmental factors in the evolution of predator traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Healy
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TH, UK.,School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Chris Carbone
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
| | - Andrew L Jackson
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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33
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Wainwright PC, Longo SJ. Functional Innovations and the Conquest of the Oceans by Acanthomorph Fishes. Curr Biol 2018; 27:R550-R557. [PMID: 28586692 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The world's oceans are home to many fantastic creatures, including about 16,000 species of actinopterygian, or ray-finned, fishes. Notably, 85% of marine fish species come from a single actinopterygian subgroup, the acanthomorph or spiny-rayed fishes. Here, we review eight functional innovations found in marine acanthomorphs that have been instrumental in the adaptive radiation of this group in the marine realm. Jaw protrusion substantially enhances the suction feeding mechanism found in all fish. Fin spines serve as a major deterrent to predators and enhance the locomotor function of fins. Pharyngognathy, a specialization of the second pair of jaws in the pharynx, enhances the ability of fishes to process hard and tough prey. Endothermy allows fishes to function at high levels of physiological performance in cold waters and facilitates frequent movement across strong thermal gradients found in the open ocean. Intramandibular joints enhance feeding for fishes that bite and scrape prey attached to hard surfaces. Antifreeze proteins prevent ice crystal growth in extracellular fluids, allowing fish to function in cold waters that would otherwise freeze them. Air-breathing allowed fishes at the water's edge to exploit terrestrial habitats. Finally, bioluminescence functions in communication, attracting prey and in hiding from predators, particularly for fishes of the deep ocean. All of these innovations have evolved multiple times in fishes. The frequent occurrence of convergent evolution of these complex functional novelties speaks to the persistence and potency of the selective forces in marine environments that challenge fishes and stimulate innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Wainwright
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, Center for Population Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Sarah J Longo
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, Center for Population Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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34
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Burress ED, Alda F, Duarte A, Loureiro M, Armbruster JW, Chakrabarty P. Phylogenomics of pike cichlids (Cichlidae: Crenicichla): the rapid ecological speciation of an incipient species flock. J Evol Biol 2017; 31:14-30. [PMID: 29044782 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The rapid rise of phenotypic and ecological diversity in independent lake-dwelling groups of cichlids is emblematic of the East African Great Lakes. In this study, we show that similar ecologically based diversification has occurred in pike cichlids (Crenicichla) throughout the Uruguay River drainage of South America. We collected genomic data from nearly 500 ultraconserved element (UCEs) loci and >260 000 base pairs across 33 species, to obtain a phylogenetic hypothesis for the major species groups and to evaluate the relationships and genetic structure among five closely related, endemic, co-occurring species (the Uruguay River species flock; URSF). Additionally, we evaluated ecological divergence of the URSF based on body and lower pharyngeal jaw (LPJ) shape and gut contents. Across the genus, we recovered novel relationships among the species groups. We found strong support for the monophyly of the URSF; however, relationships among these species remain problematic, likely because of the rapid and recent evolution of this clade. Clustered co-ancestry analysis recovered most species as well delimited genetic groups. The URSF species exhibit species-specific body and LPJ shapes associated with specialized trophic roles. Collectively, our results suggest that the URSF consists of incipient species that arose via ecological speciation associated with the exploration of novel trophic roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Burress
- Department of Biological Sciences and Auburn University Museum of Natural History, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - F Alda
- Museum of Natural Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - A Duarte
- Sección Zoología Vertebrados, Departmento de Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - M Loureiro
- Sección Zoología Vertebrados, Departmento de Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Sección Ictología, Departmento de Zoología, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - J W Armbruster
- Department of Biological Sciences and Auburn University Museum of Natural History, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - P Chakrabarty
- Museum of Natural Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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35
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Brodersen J, Post DM, Seehausen O. Upward Adaptive Radiation Cascades: Predator Diversification Induced by Prey Diversification. Trends Ecol Evol 2017; 33:59-70. [PMID: 29096889 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The value of biodiversity is widely appreciated, but we are only beginning to understand the interplay of processes that generate biodiversity and their consequences for coevolutionary interactions. Whereas predator-prey coevolution is most often analyzed in the context of evolutionary arms races, much less has been written about how predators are affected by, and respond to, evolutionary diversification in their prey. We hypothesize here that adaptive radiation of prey may lead to diversification and potentially speciation in predators, a process that we call an upwards adaptive radiation cascade. In this paper we lay out the conceptual basis for upwards adaptive radiation cascades, explore evidence for such cascades, and finally advocate for intensified research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Brodersen
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG), Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Seestrasse 79, CH-6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.
| | - David M Post
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8105, USA
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG), Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Seestrasse 79, CH-6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland; Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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36
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Mihalitsis M, Bellwood DR. A morphological and functional basis for maximum prey size in piscivorous fishes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184679. [PMID: 28886161 PMCID: PMC5590994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish predation is important in shaping populations and community structure in aquatic systems. These predator-prey interactions can be influenced by environmental, behavioural and morphological factors. Morphological constraints influence the feeding performance of species, and interspecific differences can thus affect patterns of resource use. For piscivorous fishes that swallow prey whole, feeding performance has traditionally been linked to three key morphological constraints: oral gape, pharyngeal gape, and the cleithral gape. However, other constraints may be important. We therefore examine 18 potential morphological constraints related to prey capture and processing, on four predatory species (Cephalopholis urodeta, Paracirrhites forsteri, Pterois volitans, Lates calcarifer). Aquarium-based experiments were then carried out to determine capture and processing behaviour and maximum prey size in two focal species, C. urodeta and P. forsteri. All four species showed a progressive decrease in gape measurements from anterior to posterior with oral gape ≥ buccal ≥ pharyngeal ≥ pectoral girdle ≥ esophagus ≥ stomach. C. urodeta was able to process prey with a maximum depth of 27% of the predators' standard length; for P. forsteri it was 20%. C. urodeta captured prey head-first in 79% of successful strikes. In P. forsteri head-first was 16.6%, mid-body 44.4%, and tail-first 38.8%. Regardless of capture mode, prey were almost always swallowed head first and horizontally in both focal species. Most internal measurements appeared too small for prey to pass through. This may reflect the compressibility of prey, i.e. their ability to be dorsoventrally compressed during swallowing movements. Despite examining all known potential morphological constraints on prey size, horizontal maxillary oral gape in a mechanically stretched position appears to be the main morphological variable that is likely to affect maximum prey size and resource use by these predatory species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalis Mihalitsis
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - David R. Bellwood
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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Sahoo RK, Warren AD, Collins SC, Kodandaramaiah U. Hostplant change and paleoclimatic events explain diversification shifts in skipper butterflies (Family: Hesperiidae). BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:174. [PMID: 28768477 PMCID: PMC5541431 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-1016-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skippers (Family: Hesperiidae) are a large group of butterflies with ca. 4000 species under 567 genera. The lack of a time-calibrated higher-level phylogeny of the group has precluded understanding of its evolutionary past. We here use a 10-gene dataset to reconstruct the most comprehensive time-calibrated phylogeny of the group, and explore factors that affected the diversification of these butterflies. RESULTS Ancestral state reconstructions show that the early hesperiid lineages utilized dicots as larval hostplants. The ability to feed on monocots evolved once at the K-Pg boundary (ca. 65 million years ago (Mya)), and allowed monocot-feeders to diversify much faster on average than dicot-feeders. The increased diversification rate of the monocot-feeding clade is specifically attributed to rate shifts in two of its descendant lineages. The first rate shift, a four-fold increase compared to background rates, happened ca. 50 Mya, soon after the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum, in a lineage of the subfamily Hesperiinae that mostly fed on forest monocots. The second rate shift happened ca. 40 Mya in a grass-feeding lineage of Hesperiinae when open-habitat grasslands appeared in the Neotropics owing to gradual cooling of the atmospheric temperature. CONCLUSIONS The evolution of monocot feeding strongly influenced diversification of skippers. We hypothesize that although monocot feeding was an intrinsic trait that allowed exploration of novel niches, the lack of extensive availability of monocots comprised an extrinsic limitation for niche exploration. The shifts in diversification rate coincided with paleoclimatic events during which grasses and forest monocots were diversified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit Kumar Sahoo
- IISER-TVM Centre for Research and Education in Ecology and Evolution (ICREEE), School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695 551, India.
| | - Andrew D Warren
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, PO Box 112710, 3215 Hull Rd., UF Cultural Plaza, Gainesville, FL, 32611-2710, USA
| | - Steve C Collins
- African Butterfly Research Institute (ABRI), PO Box 14308 0800, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ullasa Kodandaramaiah
- IISER-TVM Centre for Research and Education in Ecology and Evolution (ICREEE), School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695 551, India
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Janzen T, Alzate A, Muschick M, Maan ME, van der Plas F, Etienne RS. Community assembly in Lake Tanganyika cichlid fish: quantifying the contributions of both niche-based and neutral processes. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:1057-1067. [PMID: 28303177 PMCID: PMC5306054 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The cichlid family features some of the most spectacular examples of adaptive radiation. Evolutionary studies have highlighted the importance of both trophic adaptation and sexual selection in cichlid speciation. However, it is poorly understood what processes drive the composition and diversity of local cichlid species assemblages on relatively short, ecological timescales. Here, we investigate the relative importance of niche-based and neutral processes in determining the composition and diversity of cichlid communities inhabiting various environmental conditions in the littoral zone of Lake Tanganyika, Zambia. We collected data on cichlid abundance, morphometrics, and local environments. We analyzed relationships between mean trait values, community composition, and environmental variation, and used a recently developed modeling technique (STEPCAM) to estimate the contributions of niche-based and neutral processes to community assembly. Contrary to our expectations, our results show that stochastic processes, and not niche-based processes, were responsible for the majority of cichlid community assembly. We also found that the relative importance of niche-based and neutral processes was constant across environments. However, we found significant relationships between environmental variation, community trait means, and community composition. These relationships were caused by niche-based processes, as they disappeared in simulated, purely neutrally assembled communities. Importantly, these results can potentially reconcile seemingly contrasting findings in the literature about the importance of either niche-based or neutral-based processes in community assembly, as we show that significant trait relationships can already be found in nearly (but not completely) neutrally assembled communities; that is, even a small deviation from neutrality can have major effects on community patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Janzen
- Department of Evolutionary TheoryMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary BiologyPlönGermany
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Adriana Alzate
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Terrestrial Ecology UnitUniversity of GhentGhentBelgium
- Fundacion EcomaresCaliColombia
| | - Moritz Muschick
- Zoological InstituteUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology & EvolutionEAWAG Centre for EcologyKastanienbaumSwitzerland
| | - Martine E. Maan
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Fons van der Plas
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Biodiversity and Climate Research CentreSenckenberg Gesellschaft für NaturforschungFrankfurtGermany
| | - Rampal S. Etienne
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
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Cooper WJ, Carter CB, Conith AJ, Rice AN, Westneat MW. The evolution of jaw protrusion mechanics is tightly coupled to bentho-pelagic divergence in damselfishes (Pomacentridae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 220:652-666. [PMID: 27913600 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.143115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Most species-rich lineages of aquatic organisms have undergone divergence between forms that feed from the substrate (benthic feeding) and forms that feed from the water column (pelagic feeding). Changes in trophic niche are frequently accompanied by changes in skull mechanics, and multiple fish lineages have evolved highly specialized biomechanical configurations that allow them to protrude their upper jaws toward the prey during feeding. Damselfishes (family Pomacentridae) are an example of a species-rich lineage with multiple trophic morphologies and feeding ecologies. We sought to determine whether bentho-pelagic divergence in the damselfishes is tightly coupled to changes in jaw protrusion ability. Using high-speed video recordings and kinematic analysis, we examined feeding performance in 10 species that include three examples of convergence on herbivory, three examples of convergence on omnivory and two examples of convergence on planktivory. We also utilized morphometrics to characterize the feeding morphology of an additional 40 species that represent all 29 damselfish genera. Comparative phylogenetic analyses were then used to examine the evolution of trophic morphology and biomechanical performance. We find that pelagic-feeding damselfishes (planktivores) are strongly differentiated from extensively benthic-feeding species (omnivores and herbivores) by their jaw protrusion ability, upper jaw morphology and the functional integration of upper jaw protrusion with lower jaw abduction. Most aspects of cranial form and function that separate these two ecological groups have evolved in correlation with each other and the evolution of the functional morphology of feeding in damselfishes has involved repeated convergence in form, function and ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- W James Cooper
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Casey B Carter
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Andrew J Conith
- Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts, 204C French Hall, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 230 Stockbridge Road, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Aaron N Rice
- Bioacoustics Research Program, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Mark W Westneat
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, 1027 E. 57th St., Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Climatic variability in combination with eutrophication drives adaptive responses in the gills of Lake Victoria cichlids. Oecologia 2016; 182:1187-1201. [PMID: 27628222 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-016-3721-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Textbook examples of adaptive radiation often show rapid morphological changes in response to environmental perturbations. East Africa's Lake Victoria, famous for its stunning adaptive radiation of cichlids, has suffered from human-induced eutrophication over the past decades. This cultural eutrophication is thought to be partly responsible for the dramatically reduced cichlid biodiversity, but climatic variability in itself might also have contributed to the eutrophication which resulted in low oxygen levels and decreased water transparency. To determine how recent environmental changes have influenced the lake and its cichlids over the past 50 years, we gathered environmental and meteorological variables and compared these with gill surface area of four cichlid species. We found that during the period of severe eutrophication and temperature increase (1980s), reduced wind speeds coincided with a reduction in oxygen levels and a decrease in both water temperature and transparency. The gill surface area in three out of the four cichlid species increased during this period which is consistent with adaptive change in response to increased hypoxia. During the 2000s, wind speeds, oxygen levels, water transparency and water temperature increased again, while cichlid gill surface area decreased. Our results imply that climatic changes and especially wind speed and direction might play a crucial role in tropical lake dynamics. The changes in Lake Victoria's water quality coincide with fluctuations in cichlid gill surface area, suggesting that these fish can respond rapidly to environmental perturbations, but also that climatic variability, together with continued eutrophication, might be detrimental to the lake's cichlid biodiversity.
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Chrétien E, Chapman LJ. Habitat heterogeneity facilitates coexistence of native fishes with an introduced predator: the resilience of a fish community 5 decades after the introduction of Nile perch. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1235-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Delbert Wiens
- White Mountain Research Center; 3000 E. Line Street Bishop CA 93514 USA
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Wainwright PC, Price SA. The Impact of Organismal Innovation on Functional and Ecological Diversification. Integr Comp Biol 2016; 56:479-88. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icw081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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deVries MS, Stock BC, Christy JH, Goldsmith GR, Dawson TE. Specialized morphology corresponds to a generalist diet: linking form and function in smashing mantis shrimp crustaceans. Oecologia 2016; 182:429-42. [PMID: 27312263 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-016-3667-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Many animals are considered to be specialists because they have feeding structures that are fine-tuned for consuming specific prey. For example, "smasher" mantis shrimp have highly specialized predatory appendages that generate forceful strikes to break apart hard-shelled prey. Anecdotal observations suggest, however, that the diet of smashers may include soft-bodied prey as well. Our goal was to examine the diet breadth of the smasher mantis shrimp, Neogonodactylus bredini, to determine whether it has a narrow diet of hard-shelled prey. We combined studies of prey abundance, feeding behavior, and stable isotope analyses of diet in both seagrass and coral rubble to determine if N. bredini's diet was consistent across different habitat types. The abundances of hard-shelled and soft-bodied prey varied between habitats. In feeding experiments, N. bredini consumed both prey types. N. bredini consumed a range of different prey in the field as well and, unexpectedly, the stable isotope analysis demonstrated that soft-bodied prey comprised a large proportion (29-53 %) of the diet in both habitats. Using a Bayesian mixing model framework (MixSIAR), we found that this result held even when we used uninformative, or generalist, priors and informative priors reflecting a specialist diet on hard-shelled prey and prey abundances in the field. Thus, contrary to expectation, the specialized feeding morphology of N. bredini corresponds to a broad diet of both hard-shelled and soft-bodied prey. Using multiple lines of study to describe the natural diets of other presumed specialists may demonstrate that specialized morphology often broadens rather than narrows diet breadth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya S deVries
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA. .,Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive # 0202, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0202, USA.
| | - Brian C Stock
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive # 0202, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0202, USA
| | - John H Christy
- Naos Marine Laboratories, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Gregory R Goldsmith
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Ecosystem Fluxes Group, Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, 5232, Switzerland
| | - Todd E Dawson
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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Vermeij G. How Victoria's fishes were knocked from their perch. Science 2015; 350:1038. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aad7032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geerat Vermeij
- Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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