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Nguyen PT, Harris BJ, Mateos DL, González AH, Murray AM, Yarov-Yarovoy V. Structural modeling of ion channels using AlphaFold2, RoseTTAFold2, and ESMFold. Channels (Austin) 2024; 18:2325032. [PMID: 38445990 PMCID: PMC10936637 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2024.2325032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Ion channels play key roles in human physiology and are important targets in drug discovery. The atomic-scale structures of ion channels provide invaluable insights into a fundamental understanding of the molecular mechanisms of channel gating and modulation. Recent breakthroughs in deep learning-based computational methods, such as AlphaFold, RoseTTAFold, and ESMFold have transformed research in protein structure prediction and design. We review the application of AlphaFold, RoseTTAFold, and ESMFold to structural modeling of ion channels using representative voltage-gated ion channels, including human voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channel - NaV1.8, human voltage-gated calcium (CaV) channel - CaV1.1, and human voltage-gated potassium (KV) channel - KV1.3. We compared AlphaFold, RoseTTAFold, and ESMFold structural models of NaV1.8, CaV1.1, and KV1.3 with corresponding cryo-EM structures to assess details of their similarities and differences. Our findings shed light on the strengths and limitations of the current state-of-the-art deep learning-based computational methods for modeling ion channel structures, offering valuable insights to guide their future applications for ion channel research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Tran Nguyen
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Brandon John Harris
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Diego Lopez Mateos
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Adriana Hernández González
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Vladimir Yarov-Yarovoy
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
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2
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Yao X, Gao S, Yan N. Structural biology of voltage-gated calcium channels. Channels (Austin) 2024; 18:2290807. [PMID: 38062897 PMCID: PMC10761187 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2023.2290807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium (Cav) channels mediate Ca2+ influx in response to membrane depolarization, playing critical roles in diverse physiological processes. Dysfunction or aberrant regulation of Cav channels can lead to life-threatening consequences. Cav-targeting drugs have been clinically used to treat cardiovascular and neuronal disorders for several decades. This review aims to provide an account of recent developments in the structural dissection of Cav channels. High-resolution structures have significantly advanced our understanding of the working and disease mechanisms of Cav channels, shed light on the molecular basis for their modulation, and elucidated the modes of actions (MOAs) of representative drugs and toxins. The progress in structural studies of Cav channels lays the foundation for future drug discovery efforts targeting Cav channelopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yao
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Gao
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nieng Yan
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation, Shenzhen, China
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3
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Simonson M, Cueff G, Thibaut MM, Giraudet C, Salles J, Chambon C, Boirie Y, Bindels LB, Gueugneau M, Guillet C. Skeletal Muscle Proteome Modifications following Antibiotic-Induced Microbial Disturbances in Cancer Cachexia. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:2452-2473. [PMID: 38965921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is an involuntary loss of body weight, mostly of skeletal muscle. Previous research favors the existence of a microbiota-muscle crosstalk, so the aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of microbiota alterations induced by antibiotics on skeletal muscle proteins expression. Skeletal muscle proteome changes were investigated in control (CT) or C26 cachectic mice (C26) with or without antibiotic treatment (CT-ATB or C26-ATB, n = 8 per group). Muscle protein extracts were divided into a sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar fraction and then underwent label-free liquid chromatography separation, mass spectrometry analysis, Mascot protein identification, and METASCAPE platform data analysis. In C26 mice, the atrogen mafbx expression was 353% higher than CT mice and 42.3% higher than C26-ATB mice. No effect on the muscle protein synthesis was observed. Proteomic analyses revealed a strong effect of antibiotics on skeletal muscle proteome outside of cachexia, with adaptative processes involved in protein folding, growth, energy metabolism, and muscle contraction. In C26-ATB mice, proteome adaptations observed in CT-ATB mice were blunted. Differentially expressed proteins were involved in other processes like glucose metabolism, oxidative stress response, and proteolysis. This study confirms the existence of a microbiota-muscle axis, with a muscle response after antibiotics that varies depending on whether cachexia is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Simonson
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 place Henri-Dunant, BP 38, cedex 1, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France
| | - Gwendal Cueff
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 place Henri-Dunant, BP 38, cedex 1, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France
| | - Morgane M Thibaut
- MNUT Research group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, LDRI, Avenue Mounier 73/B1.73.11, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Christophe Giraudet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 place Henri-Dunant, BP 38, cedex 1, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France
| | - Jérôme Salles
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 place Henri-Dunant, BP 38, cedex 1, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France
| | - Christophe Chambon
- Animal Products Quality Unit (QuaPA), INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand 63122, France
- Metabolomic and Proteomic Exploration Facility, Clermont Auvergne University, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand 63122, France
| | - Yves Boirie
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 place Henri-Dunant, BP 38, cedex 1, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France
- CHU Clermont-Ferrandservice de Nutrition clinique, Université Clermont Auvergne, Service de nutrition clinique, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand. 58, rue Montalember, Cedex 1, Clermont-Ferrand 63003, France
| | - Laure B Bindels
- MNUT Research group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, LDRI, Avenue Mounier 73/B1.73.11, Brussels 1200, Belgium
- Welbio Department, WEL Research Institute, avenue Pasteur, 6, Wavre 1300, Belgium
| | - Marine Gueugneau
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 place Henri-Dunant, BP 38, cedex 1, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France
| | - Christelle Guillet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 place Henri-Dunant, BP 38, cedex 1, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France
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4
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Cao H, Li C, Sun X, Yang J, Li X, Yang G, Jin J, Shi X. Circular RNA circMYLK4 shifts energy metabolism from glycolysis to OXPHOS by binding to the calcium channel auxiliary subunit CACNA2D2. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107426. [PMID: 38823637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is heterogeneous tissue, composed of fast-twitch fibers primarily relying on glycolysis and slow-twitch fibers primarily relying on oxidative phosphorylation. The relative expression and balance of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in skeletal muscle are crucial for muscle growth and skeletal muscle metabolism. Here, we employed multi-omics approaches including transcriptomics, proteomics, phosphoproteomics, and metabolomics to unravel the role of circMYLK4, a differentially expressed circRNA in fast and slow-twitch muscle fibers, in muscle fiber metabolism. We discovered that circMYLK4 inhibits glycolysis and promotes mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Mechanistically, circMYLK4 interacts with the voltage-gated calcium channel auxiliary subunit CACNA2D2, leading to the inhibition of Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The decrease in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration inhibits the expression of key enzymes, PHKB and PHKG1, involved in glycogen breakdown, thereby suppressing glycolysis. On the other hand, the increased fatty acid β-oxidation enhances the tricarboxylic acid cycle and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. In general, circMYLK4 plays an indispensable role in maintaining the metabolic homeostasis of skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haigang Cao
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenchen Li
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinjin Yang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gongshe Yang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianjun Jin
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xine Shi
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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5
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Xu F, Cai W, Liu B, Qiu Z, Zhang X. Natural L-type calcium channels antagonists from Chinese medicine. Chin Med 2024; 19:72. [PMID: 38773596 PMCID: PMC11107034 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00944-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
L-type calcium channels (LTCCs), the largest subfamily of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs), are the main channels for Ca2+ influx during extracellular excitation. LTCCs are widely present in excitable cells, especially cardiac and cardiovascular smooth muscle cells, and participate in various Ca2+-dependent processes. LTCCs have been considered as worthy drug target for cardiovascular, neurological and psychological diseases for decades. Natural products from Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have shown the potential as new drugs for the treatment of LTCCs related diseases. In this review, the basic structure, function of LTCCs, and the related human diseases caused by structural or functional abnormalities of LTCCs, and the natural LTCCs antagonist and their potential usages were summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Xu
- The Second Clinical College , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanna Cai
- The Second Clinical College , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- The Second Clinical College , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenwen Qiu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoqi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Modernization of TCM, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of TCM, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Flockerzi V, Fakler B. TR(i)P Goes On: Auxiliary TRP Channel Subunits? Circ Res 2024; 134:346-350. [PMID: 38359093 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels are a diverse family of channels whose members play prominent roles as cellular sensors and effectors. The important role of TRP channels (and mechanosensitive piezo channels) in the complex interaction of our senses with the environment was underlined by the award of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to 2 pioneers in this field, David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian. There are many competent and comprehensive reviews on many aspects of the TRP channels, and there is no intention to expand on them. Rather, after an introduction to the nomenclature, the molecular architecture of native TRP channel/protein complexes in vivo will be summarized using TRP channels of the canonical transient receptor potential subfamily as an example. This molecular architecture provides the basis for the signatures of native canonical transient receptor potential currents and their control by endogenous modulators and potential drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veit Flockerzi
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (V.F.)
| | - Bernd Fakler
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (B.F.)
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7
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Joseph TT, Bu W, Haji-Ghassemi O, Chen YS, Woll K, Allen PD, Brannigan G, van Petegem F, Eckenhoff RG. Propofol directly binds and inhibits skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1). BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.10.575040. [PMID: 38260485 PMCID: PMC10802444 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.10.575040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
As the primary Ca 2+ release channel in skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), mutations in the type 1 ryanodine receptor (RyR1) or its binding partners underlie a constellation of muscle disorders, including malignant hyperthermia (MH). In patients with MH mutations, exposure to triggering drugs such as the halogenated volatile anesthetics biases RyR1 to an open state, resulting in uncontrolled Ca 2+ release, sarcomere tension and heat production. Restoration of Ca 2+ into the SR also consumes ATP, generating a further untenable metabolic load. When anesthetizing patients with known MH mutations, the non-triggering intravenous general anesthetic propofol is commonly substituted for triggering anesthetics. Evidence of direct binding of anesthetic agents to RyR1 or its binding partners is scant, and the atomic-level interactions of propofol with RyR1 are entirely unknown. Here, we show that propofol decreases RyR1 opening in heavy SR vesicles and planar lipid bilayers, and that it inhibits activator-induced Ca 2+ release from SR in human skeletal muscle. In addition to confirming direct binding, photoaffinity labeling using m- azipropofol (AziP m ) revealed several putative propofol binding sites on RyR1. Prediction of binding affinity by molecular dynamics simulation suggests that propofol binds at least one of these sites at clinical concentrations. These findings invite the hypothesis that in addition to propofol not triggering MH, it may also be protective against MH by inhibiting induced Ca 2+ flux through RyR1.
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8
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Varadi G. Mechanism of Analgesia by Gabapentinoid Drugs: Involvement of Modulation of Synaptogenesis and Trafficking of Glutamate-Gated Ion Channels. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 388:121-133. [PMID: 37918854 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gabapentinoids have clinically been used for treating epilepsy, neuropathic pain, and several other neurologic disorders for >30 years; however, the definitive molecular mechanism responsible for their therapeutic actions remained uncertain. The conventional pharmacological observation regarding their efficacy in chronic pain modulation is the weakening of glutamate release at presynaptic terminals in the spinal cord. While the α2/δ-1 subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) has been identified as the primary drug receptor for gabapentinoids, the lack of consistent effect of this drug class on VGCC function is indicative of a minor role in regulating this ion channel's activity. The current review targets the efficacy and mechanism of gabapentinoids in treating chronic pain. The discovery of interaction of α2/δ-1 with thrombospondins established this protein as a major synaptogenic neuronal receptor for thrombospondins. Other findings identified α2/δ-1 as a powerful regulator of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA) and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) by potentiating the synaptic expression, a putative pathophysiological mechanism of neuropathic pain. Further, the interdependent interactions between thrombospondin and α2/δ-1 contribute to chronic pain states, while gabapentinoid ligands efficaciously reverse such pain conditions. Gabapentin normalizes and even blocks NMDAR and AMPAR synaptic targeting and activity elicited by nerve injury. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Gabapentinoid drugs are used to treat various neurological conditions including chronic pain. In chronic pain states, gene expression of cacnα2/δ-1 and thrombospondins are upregulated and promote aberrant excitatory synaptogenesis. The complex trait of protein associations that involve interdependent interactions between α2/δ-1 and thrombospondins, further, association of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor with the C-tail of α2/δ-1, constitutes a macromolecular signaling complex that forms the crucial elements for the pharmacological mode of action of gabapentinoids.
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9
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Fan C, Flood E, Sukomon N, Agarwal S, Allen TW, Nimigean CM. Calcium-gated potassium channel blockade via membrane-facing fenestrations. Nat Chem Biol 2024; 20:52-61. [PMID: 37653172 PMCID: PMC10847966 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01406-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Quaternary ammonium blockers were previously shown to bind in the pore to block both open and closed conformations of large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK and MthK) channels. Because blocker entry was assumed through the intracellular entryway (bundle crossing), closed-pore access suggested that the gate was not at the bundle crossing. Structures of closed MthK, a Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum homolog of BK channels, revealed a tightly constricted intracellular gate, leading us to investigate the membrane-facing fenestrations as alternative pathways for blocker access directly from the membrane. Atomistic free energy simulations showed that intracellular blockers indeed access the pore through the fenestrations, and a mutant channel with narrower fenestrations displayed no closed-state TPeA block at concentrations that blocked the wild-type channel. Apo BK channels display similar fenestrations, suggesting that blockers may use them as access paths into closed channels. Thus, membrane fenestrations represent a non-canonical pathway for selective targeting of specific channel conformations, opening novel ways to selectively drug BK channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Emelie Flood
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Schrödinger, Inc., New York, NY, USA
| | - Nattakan Sukomon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shubhangi Agarwal
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Toby W Allen
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Crina M Nimigean
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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10
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Chin M, Kaeser PS. The intracellular C-terminus confers compartment-specific targeting of voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.23.573183. [PMID: 38187530 PMCID: PMC10769351 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.23.573183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
To achieve the functional polarization that underlies brain computation, neurons sort protein material into distinct compartments. Ion channel composition, for example, differs between axons and dendrites, but the molecular determinants for their polarized trafficking remain obscure. Here, we identify the mechanisms that target voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (CaVs) to distinct subcellular compartments. In hippocampal neurons, CaV2s trigger neurotransmitter release at the presynaptic active zone, and CaV1s localize somatodendritically. After knockout of all three CaV2s, expression of CaV2.1, but not of CaV1.3, restores neurotransmitter release. Chimeric CaV1.3 channels with CaV2.1 intracellular C-termini localize to the active zone, mediate synaptic vesicle exocytosis, and render release fully sensitive to blockade of CaV1 channels. This dominant targeting function of the CaV2.1 C-terminus requires an EF hand in its proximal segment, and replacement of the CaV2.1 C-terminus with that of CaV1.3 abolishes CaV2.1 active zone localization. We conclude that the intracellular C-termini mediate compartment-specific CaV targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morven Chin
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pascal S. Kaeser
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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11
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Benndorf K, Schulz E. Identifiability of equilibrium constants for receptors with two to five binding sites. J Gen Physiol 2023; 155:e202313423. [PMID: 37882789 PMCID: PMC10602793 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202313423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) are regularly oligomers containing between two and five binding sites for ligands. Neither in homomeric nor heteromeric LGICs the activation process evoked by the ligand binding is fully understood. Here, we show on theoretical grounds that for LGICs with two to five binding sites, the cooperativity upon channel activation can be determined in considerable detail. The main requirements for our strategy are a defined number of binding sites in a channel, which can be achieved by concatenation, a systematic mutation of all binding sites and a global fit of all concentration-activation relationships (CARs) with corresponding intimately coupled Markovian state models. We take advantage of translating these state models to cubes with dimensions 2, 3, 4, and 5. We show that the maximum possible number of CARs for these LGICs specify all 7, 13, 23, and 41 independent model parameters, respectively, which directly provide all equilibrium constants within the respective schemes. Moreover, a fit that uses stochastically varied scaled unitary start vectors enables the determination of all parameters, without any bias imposed by specific start vectors. A comparison of the outcome of the analyses for the models with 2 to 5 binding sites showed that the identifiability of the parameters is best for a case with 5 binding sites and 41 parameters. Our strategy can be used to analyze experimental data of other LGICs and may be applicable to voltage-gated ion channels and metabotropic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Benndorf
- Institute of Physiology II, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Eckhard Schulz
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Schmalkalden University of Applied Sciences, Schmalkalden, Germany
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12
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Dulhunty AF. Biophysical reviews top five: voltage-dependent charge movement in nerve and muscle. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:1903-1907. [PMID: 38192339 PMCID: PMC10771356 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01165-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery of gating currents and asymmetric charge movement in the early 1970s represented a remarkable leap forward in our understanding of the biophysical basis of voltage-dependent events that underlie electrical signalling that is vital for nerve and muscle function. Gating currents and charge movement reflect a fundamental process in which charged amino acid residues in an ion channel protein move in response to a change in the membrane electrical field and therefore activate the specific voltage-dependent response of that protein. The detection of gating currents and asymmetric charge movement over the past 50 years has been pivotal in unraveling the multiple molecular and intra-molecular processes which lead to action potentials in excitable tissues and excitation-contraction (EC) coupling in skeletal muscle. The recording of gating currents and asymmetric charge movement remains an essential component of investigations into the basic molecular mechanisms of neuronal conduction and muscle contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela F. Dulhunty
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, ACT, Canberra, 2601 Australia
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13
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Bibollet H, Kramer A, Bannister RA, Hernández-Ochoa EO. Advances in Ca V1.1 gating: New insights into permeation and voltage-sensing mechanisms. Channels (Austin) 2023; 17:2167569. [PMID: 36642864 PMCID: PMC9851209 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2023.2167569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The CaV1.1 voltage-gated Ca2+ channel carries L-type Ca2+ current and is the voltage-sensor for excitation-contraction (EC) coupling in skeletal muscle. Significant breakthroughs in the EC coupling field have often been close on the heels of technological advancement. In particular, CaV1.1 was the first voltage-gated Ca2+ channel to be cloned, the first ion channel to have its gating current measured and the first ion channel to have an effectively null animal model. Though these innovations have provided invaluable information regarding how CaV1.1 detects changes in membrane potential and transmits intra- and inter-molecular signals which cause opening of the channel pore and support Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum remain elusive. Here, we review current perspectives on this topic including the recent application of functional site-directed fluorometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Bibollet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Audra Kramer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roger A. Bannister
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erick O. Hernández-Ochoa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Gao S, Yao X, Chen J, Huang G, Fan X, Xue L, Li Z, Wu T, Zheng Y, Huang J, Jin X, Wang Y, Wang Z, Yu Y, Liu L, Pan X, Song C, Yan N. Structural basis for human Ca v1.2 inhibition by multiple drugs and the neurotoxin calciseptine. Cell 2023; 186:5363-5374.e16. [PMID: 37972591 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Cav1.2 channels play crucial roles in various neuronal and physiological processes. Here, we present cryo-EM structures of human Cav1.2, both in its apo form and in complex with several drugs, as well as the peptide neurotoxin calciseptine. Most structures, apo or bound to calciseptine, amlodipine, or a combination of amiodarone and sofosbuvir, exhibit a consistent inactivated conformation with a sealed gate, three up voltage-sensing domains (VSDs), and a down VSDII. Calciseptine sits on the shoulder of the pore domain, away from the permeation path. In contrast, when pinaverium bromide, an antispasmodic drug, is inserted into a cavity reminiscent of the IFM-binding site in Nav channels, a series of structural changes occur, including upward movement of VSDII coupled with dilation of the selectivity filter and its surrounding segments in repeat III. Meanwhile, S4-5III merges with S5III to become a single helix, resulting in a widened but still non-conductive intracellular gate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Gao
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| | - Xia Yao
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jiaofeng Chen
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gaoxingyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Xiao Fan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Lingfeng Xue
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhangqiang Li
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yupeng Zheng
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Xueqin Jin
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Zhifei Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Lei Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaojing Pan
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Chen Song
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Nieng Yan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China.
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15
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Tikhonov DB, Zhorov BS. Mechanisms of dihydropyridine agonists and antagonists in view of cryo-EM structures of calcium and sodium channels. J Gen Physiol 2023; 155:e202313418. [PMID: 37728574 PMCID: PMC10510735 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202313418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Opposite effects of 1,4-dihydropyridine (DHP) agonists and antagonists on the L-type calcium channels are a challenging problem. Cryo-EM structures visualized DHPs between the pore-lining helices S6III and S6IV in agreement with published mutational data. However, the channel conformations in the presence of DHP agonists and antagonists are virtually the same, and the mechanisms of the ligands' action remain unclear. We docked the DHP agonist S-Bay k 8644 and antagonist R-Bay k 8644 in Cav1.1 channel models with or without π-bulges in helices S6III and S6IV. Cryo-EM structures of the DHP-bound Cav1.1 channel show a π-bulge in helix S6III but not in S6IV. The antagonist's hydrophobic group fits into the hydrophobic pocket formed by residues in S6IV. The agonists' polar NO2 group is too small to fill up the pocket. A water molecule could sterically fit into the void space, but its contacts with isoleucine in helix S6IV (motif INLF) would be unfavorable. In a model with π-bulged S6IV, this isoleucine turns away from the DHP molecule and its position is occupied by the asparagine from the same motif INLF. The asparagine provides favorable contacts for the water molecule at the agonist's NO2 group but unfavorable contacts for the antagonist's methoxy group. In our models, the DHP antagonist stabilizes entirely α-helical S6IV. In contrast, the DHP agonist stabilizes π-bulged helix S6IV whose C-terminal part turned and rearranged the activation-gate region. This would stabilize the open channel. Thus, agonists, but not antagonists, would promote channel opening by stabilizing π-bulged helix S6IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis B. Tikhonov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Boris S. Zhorov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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16
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Periviita V, Palmio J, Jokela M, Hartikainen P, Vihola A, Rauramaa T, Udd B. CACNA1S Variant Associated With a Myalgic Myopathy Phenotype. Neurology 2023; 101:e1779-e1786. [PMID: 37679049 PMCID: PMC10634652 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This study aimed to characterize the phenotype of a novel myalgic myopathy encountered in a Finnish family. METHODS Four symptomatic and 3 asymptomatic individuals from 2 generations underwent clinical, neurophysiologic, imaging, and muscle biopsy examinations. Targeted sequencing of all known myopathy genes was performed. RESULTS A very rare CACNA1S gene variant c.2893G>C (p.E965Q) was identified in the family. The symptomatic patients presented with exercise-induced myalgia, cramping, muscle stiffness, and fatigue and eventually developed muscle weakness. Examinations revealed mild ptosis and unusual muscle hypertrophy in the upper limbs. In the most advanced disease stage, muscle weakness and muscle atrophy of the limbs were evident. In some patients, muscle biopsy showed mild myopathic findings and creatine kinase levels were slightly elevated. DISCUSSION Myalgia is a very common symptom affecting quality of life. Widespread myalgia may be confused with other myalgic syndromes such as fibromyalgia. In this study, we show that variants in CACNA1S gene may be one cause of severe exercise-induced myalgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesa Periviita
- From the Department of Neurology (V.P., P.H.), Kuopio University Hospital; Tampere Neuromuscular Center (J.P., M.J., A.V., B.U.); Tampere University Hospital (J.P.); Tampere University (J.P.); Neurology (M.J.), Clinical Medicine, University of Turku; Neurocenter (M.J.), Turku University Hospital; Folkhälsan Research Center (A.V., B.U.), Helsinki; Medicum (A.V., B.U.), University of Helsinki; Fimlab Laboratories (A.V.), Tampere; Department of Pathology (T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital; and Unit of Pathology (T.R.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Johanna Palmio
- From the Department of Neurology (V.P., P.H.), Kuopio University Hospital; Tampere Neuromuscular Center (J.P., M.J., A.V., B.U.); Tampere University Hospital (J.P.); Tampere University (J.P.); Neurology (M.J.), Clinical Medicine, University of Turku; Neurocenter (M.J.), Turku University Hospital; Folkhälsan Research Center (A.V., B.U.), Helsinki; Medicum (A.V., B.U.), University of Helsinki; Fimlab Laboratories (A.V.), Tampere; Department of Pathology (T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital; and Unit of Pathology (T.R.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Manu Jokela
- From the Department of Neurology (V.P., P.H.), Kuopio University Hospital; Tampere Neuromuscular Center (J.P., M.J., A.V., B.U.); Tampere University Hospital (J.P.); Tampere University (J.P.); Neurology (M.J.), Clinical Medicine, University of Turku; Neurocenter (M.J.), Turku University Hospital; Folkhälsan Research Center (A.V., B.U.), Helsinki; Medicum (A.V., B.U.), University of Helsinki; Fimlab Laboratories (A.V.), Tampere; Department of Pathology (T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital; and Unit of Pathology (T.R.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Paivi Hartikainen
- From the Department of Neurology (V.P., P.H.), Kuopio University Hospital; Tampere Neuromuscular Center (J.P., M.J., A.V., B.U.); Tampere University Hospital (J.P.); Tampere University (J.P.); Neurology (M.J.), Clinical Medicine, University of Turku; Neurocenter (M.J.), Turku University Hospital; Folkhälsan Research Center (A.V., B.U.), Helsinki; Medicum (A.V., B.U.), University of Helsinki; Fimlab Laboratories (A.V.), Tampere; Department of Pathology (T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital; and Unit of Pathology (T.R.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna Vihola
- From the Department of Neurology (V.P., P.H.), Kuopio University Hospital; Tampere Neuromuscular Center (J.P., M.J., A.V., B.U.); Tampere University Hospital (J.P.); Tampere University (J.P.); Neurology (M.J.), Clinical Medicine, University of Turku; Neurocenter (M.J.), Turku University Hospital; Folkhälsan Research Center (A.V., B.U.), Helsinki; Medicum (A.V., B.U.), University of Helsinki; Fimlab Laboratories (A.V.), Tampere; Department of Pathology (T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital; and Unit of Pathology (T.R.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuomas Rauramaa
- From the Department of Neurology (V.P., P.H.), Kuopio University Hospital; Tampere Neuromuscular Center (J.P., M.J., A.V., B.U.); Tampere University Hospital (J.P.); Tampere University (J.P.); Neurology (M.J.), Clinical Medicine, University of Turku; Neurocenter (M.J.), Turku University Hospital; Folkhälsan Research Center (A.V., B.U.), Helsinki; Medicum (A.V., B.U.), University of Helsinki; Fimlab Laboratories (A.V.), Tampere; Department of Pathology (T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital; and Unit of Pathology (T.R.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Bjarne Udd
- From the Department of Neurology (V.P., P.H.), Kuopio University Hospital; Tampere Neuromuscular Center (J.P., M.J., A.V., B.U.); Tampere University Hospital (J.P.); Tampere University (J.P.); Neurology (M.J.), Clinical Medicine, University of Turku; Neurocenter (M.J.), Turku University Hospital; Folkhälsan Research Center (A.V., B.U.), Helsinki; Medicum (A.V., B.U.), University of Helsinki; Fimlab Laboratories (A.V.), Tampere; Department of Pathology (T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital; and Unit of Pathology (T.R.), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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17
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LaGuardia JS, Shariati K, Bedar M, Ren X, Moghadam S, Huang KX, Chen W, Kang Y, Yamaguchi DT, Lee JC. Convergence of Calcium Channel Regulation and Mechanotransduction in Skeletal Regenerative Biomaterial Design. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301081. [PMID: 37380172 PMCID: PMC10615747 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Cells are known to perceive their microenvironment through extracellular and intracellular mechanical signals. Upon sensing mechanical stimuli, cells can initiate various downstream signaling pathways that are vital to regulating proliferation, growth, and homeostasis. One such physiologic activity modulated by mechanical stimuli is osteogenic differentiation. The process of osteogenic mechanotransduction is regulated by numerous calcium ion channels-including channels coupled to cilia, mechanosensitive and voltage-sensitive channels, and channels associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. Evidence suggests these channels are implicated in osteogenic pathways such as the YAP/TAZ and canonical Wnt pathways. This review aims to describe the involvement of calcium channels in regulating osteogenic differentiation in response to mechanical loading and characterize the fashion in which those channels directly or indirectly mediate this process. The mechanotransduction pathway is a promising target for the development of regenerative materials for clinical applications due to its independence from exogenous growth factor supplementation. As such, also described are examples of osteogenic biomaterial strategies that involve the discussed calcium ion channels, calcium-dependent cellular structures, or calcium ion-regulating cellular features. Understanding the distinct ways calcium channels and signaling regulate these processes may uncover potential targets for advancing biomaterials with regenerative osteogenic capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonnby S. LaGuardia
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kaavian Shariati
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Meiwand Bedar
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Ren
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Research Service, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, 91343, USA
| | - Shahrzad Moghadam
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kelly X. Huang
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Youngnam Kang
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dean T. Yamaguchi
- Research Service, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, 91343, USA
| | - Justine C. Lee
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Research Service, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, 91343, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- UCLA Molecular Biology Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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18
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Chen GL, Li J, Zhang J, Zeng B. To Be or Not to Be an Ion Channel: Cryo-EM Structures Have a Say. Cells 2023; 12:1870. [PMID: 37508534 PMCID: PMC10378246 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion channels are the second largest class of drug targets after G protein-coupled receptors. In addition to well-recognized ones like voltage-gated Na/K/Ca channels in the heart and neurons, novel ion channels are continuously discovered in both excitable and non-excitable cells and demonstrated to play important roles in many physiological processes and diseases such as developmental disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. However, in the field of ion channel discovery, there are an unignorable number of published studies that are unsolid and misleading. Despite being the gold standard of a functional assay for ion channels, electrophysiological recordings are often accompanied by electrical noise, leak conductance, and background currents of the membrane system. These unwanted signals, if not treated properly, lead to the mischaracterization of proteins with seemingly unusual ion-conducting properties. In the recent ten years, the technical revolution of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has greatly advanced our understanding of the structures and gating mechanisms of various ion channels and also raised concerns about the pore-forming ability of some previously identified channel proteins. In this review, we summarize cryo-EM findings on ion channels with molecular identities recognized or disputed in recent ten years and discuss current knowledge of proposed channel proteins awaiting cryo-EM analyses. We also present a classification of ion channels according to their architectures and evolutionary relationships and discuss the possibility and strategy of identifying more ion channels by analyzing structures of transmembrane proteins of unknown function. We propose that cross-validation by electrophysiological and structural analyses should be essentially required for determining molecular identities of novel ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Lan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Bo Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
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19
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Chen Z, Mondal A, Abderemane-Ali F, Jang S, Niranjan S, Montaño JL, Zaro BW, Minor DL. EMC chaperone-Ca V structure reveals an ion channel assembly intermediate. Nature 2023; 619:410-419. [PMID: 37196677 PMCID: PMC10896479 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06175-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-gated ion channels (VGICs) comprise multiple structural units, the assembly of which is required for function1,2. Structural understanding of how VGIC subunits assemble and whether chaperone proteins are required is lacking. High-voltage-activated calcium channels (CaVs)3,4 are paradigmatic multisubunit VGICs whose function and trafficking are powerfully shaped by interactions between pore-forming CaV1 or CaV2 CaVα1 (ref. 3), and the auxiliary CaVβ5 and CaVα2δ subunits6,7. Here we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of human brain and cardiac CaV1.2 bound with CaVβ3 to a chaperone-the endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex (EMC)8,9-and of the assembled CaV1.2-CaVβ3-CaVα2δ-1 channel. These structures provide a view of an EMC-client complex and define EMC sites-the transmembrane (TM) and cytoplasmic (Cyto) docks; interaction between these sites and the client channel causes partial extraction of a pore subunit and splays open the CaVα2δ-interaction site. The structures identify the CaVα2δ-binding site for gabapentinoid anti-pain and anti-anxiety drugs6, show that EMC and CaVα2δ interactions with the channel are mutually exclusive, and indicate that EMC-to-CaVα2δ hand-off involves a divalent ion-dependent step and CaV1.2 element ordering. Disruption of the EMC-CaV complex compromises CaV function, suggesting that the EMC functions as a channel holdase that facilitates channel assembly. Together, the structures reveal a CaV assembly intermediate and EMC client-binding sites that could have wide-ranging implications for the biogenesis of VGICs and other membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Abhisek Mondal
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fayal Abderemane-Ali
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Seil Jang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sangeeta Niranjan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - José L Montaño
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Balyn W Zaro
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel L Minor
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- California Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bio-imaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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20
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Ray S, Gaudet R. Structures and coordination chemistry of transporters involved in manganese and iron homeostasis. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:897-923. [PMID: 37283482 PMCID: PMC10330786 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A repertoire of transporters plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis of biologically essential transition metals, manganese, and iron, thus ensuring cell viability. Elucidating the structure and function of many of these transporters has provided substantial understanding into how these proteins help maintain the optimal cellular concentrations of these metals. In particular, recent high-resolution structures of several transporters bound to different metals enable an examination of how the coordination chemistry of metal ion-protein complexes can help us understand metal selectivity and specificity. In this review, we first provide a comprehensive list of both specific and broad-based transporters that contribute to cellular homeostasis of manganese (Mn2+) and iron (Fe2+ and Fe3+) in bacteria, plants, fungi, and animals. Furthermore, we explore the metal-binding sites of the available high-resolution metal-bound transporter structures (Nramps, ABC transporters, P-type ATPase) and provide a detailed analysis of their coordination spheres (ligands, bond lengths, bond angles, and overall geometry and coordination number). Combining this information with the measured binding affinity of the transporters towards different metals sheds light into the molecular basis of substrate selectivity and transport. Moreover, comparison of the transporters with some metal scavenging and storage proteins, which bind metal with high affinity, reveal how the coordination geometry and affinity trends reflect the biological role of individual proteins involved in the homeostasis of these essential transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamayeeta Ray
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A
| | - Rachelle Gaudet
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A
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21
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Dong XY. Calcium Ion Channels in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9050524. [PMID: 37233235 DOI: 10.3390/jof9050524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulating calcium ion (Ca2+) channels to improve the cell cycle and metabolism is a promising technology, ensuring increased cell growth, differentiation, and/or productivity. In this regard, the composition and structure of Ca2+ channels play a vital role in controlling the gating states. In this review, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as a model eukaryotic organism and an essential industrial microorganism, was used to discuss the effect of its type, composition, structure, and gating mechanism on the activity of Ca2+ channels. Furthermore, the advances in the application of Ca2+ channels in pharmacology, tissue engineering, and biochemical engineering are summarized, with a special focus on exploring the receptor site of Ca2+ channels for new drug design strategies and different therapeutic uses, targeting Ca2+ channels to produce functional replacement tissues, creating favorable conditions for tissue regeneration, and regulating Ca2+ channels to enhance biotransformation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Dong
- College of Life and Health, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
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22
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Kameyama M, Minobe E, Shao D, Xu J, Gao Q, Hao L. Regulation of Cardiac Cav1.2 Channels by Calmodulin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076409. [PMID: 37047381 PMCID: PMC10094977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cav1.2 Ca2+ channels, a type of voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channel, are ubiquitously expressed, and the predominant Ca2+ channel type, in working cardiac myocytes. Cav1.2 channels are regulated by the direct interactions with calmodulin (CaM), a Ca2+-binding protein that causes Ca2+-dependent facilitation (CDF) and inactivation (CDI). Ca2+-free CaM (apoCaM) also contributes to the regulation of Cav1.2 channels. Furthermore, CaM indirectly affects channel activity by activating CaM-dependent enzymes, such as CaM-dependent protein kinase II and calcineurin (a CaM-dependent protein phosphatase). In this article, we review the recent progress in identifying the role of apoCaM in the channel ‘rundown’ phenomena and related repriming of channels, and CDF, as well as the role of Ca2+/CaM in CDI. In addition, the role of CaM in channel clustering is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kameyama
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical & Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakura-ga-oka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Etsuko Minobe
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical & Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakura-ga-oka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Dongxue Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110012, China (L.H.)
| | - Jianjun Xu
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical & Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakura-ga-oka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Qinghua Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110012, China (L.H.)
| | - Liying Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110012, China (L.H.)
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23
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Pulgar VM, Harp J, Reeves TE. Molecular Modeling and Potential Ca2+ Channel Blocker Activity of Diphenylmethoxypiperidine Derivatives. CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry5020050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular interactions of 4-diphenylmethoxy-1-methylpiperidine derivatives with the calcium channel CaV1.1 (pdb:6JP5) are described. All the compounds tested, previously shown to inhibit adrenergic vascular contractions, display similar binding energetics and interactions with the trans-membrane domain of 6JP5 on the opposite side relative to the channel pore, where nifedipine, a known dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel blocker binds. Additionally, the compounds tested inhibit Ca2+-dependent contractions in isolated mouse mesenteric arteries. Thus, diphenylpyraline analogs may exert their anticontractile effects, at least partially, by blocking vascular Ca2+ channels.
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24
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Kozai D, Numoto N, Nishikawa K, Kamegawa A, Kawasaki S, Hiroaki Y, Irie K, Oshima A, Hanzawa H, Shimada K, Kitano Y, Fujiyoshi Y. Recognition mechanism of a novel gabapentinoid drug, mirogabalin, for recombinant human α 2δ1, a voltage-gated calcium channel subunit. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168049. [PMID: 36933823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Mirogabalin is a novel gabapentinoid drug with a hydrophobic bicyclo substituent on the γ-aminobutyric acid moiety that targets the voltage-gated calcium channel subunit α2δ1. Here, to reveal the mirogabalin recognition mechanisms of α2δ1, we present structures of recombinant human α2δ1 with and without mirogabalin analyzed by cryo-electron microscopy. These structures show the binding of mirogabalin to the previously reported gabapentinoid binding site, which is the extracellular dCache_1 domain containing a conserved amino acid binding motif. A slight conformational change occurs around the residues positioned close to the hydrophobic group of mirogabalin. Mutagenesis binding assays identified that residues in the hydrophobic interaction region, in addition to several amino acid binding motif residues around the amino and carboxyl groups of mirogabalin, are critical for mirogabalin binding. The A215L mutation introduced to decrease the hydrophobic pocket volume predictably suppressed mirogabalin binding and promoted the binding of another ligand, L-Leu, with a smaller hydrophobic substituent than mirogabalin. Alterations of residues in the hydrophobic interaction region of α2δ1 to those of the α2δ2, α2δ3, and α2δ4 isoforms, of which α2δ3 and α2δ4 are gabapentin-insensitive, suppressed the binding of mirogabalin. These results support the importance of hydrophobic interactions in α2δ1 ligand recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kozai
- Cellular and Structural Physiology Institute (CeSPI), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Japan Biological Informatics Consortium, 2-4-32 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0063, Japan; Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8501, Japan.
| | - Nobutaka Numoto
- Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8501, Japan.
| | - Kouki Nishikawa
- CeSPIA Inc., 2-1-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan; Joint Research Course for Advanced Biomolecular Characterization, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Akiko Kamegawa
- Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8501, Japan; CeSPIA Inc., 2-1-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.
| | - Shohei Kawasaki
- Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., 1-16-13 Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan.
| | - Yoko Hiroaki
- Cellular and Structural Physiology Institute (CeSPI), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Japan Biological Informatics Consortium, 2-4-32 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0063, Japan.
| | - Katsumasa Irie
- Cellular and Structural Physiology Institute (CeSPI), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Atsunori Oshima
- Cellular and Structural Physiology Institute (CeSPI), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Hanzawa
- Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., 1-16-13 Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan.
| | - Kousei Shimada
- Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Kitano
- Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan.
| | - Yoshinori Fujiyoshi
- Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8501, Japan; CeSPIA Inc., 2-1-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.
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25
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Hernandez CC, Gimenez LE, Dahir NS, Peisley A, Cone RD. The unique structural characteristics of the Kir 7.1 inward rectifier potassium channel: a novel player in energy homeostasis control. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C694-C706. [PMID: 36717105 PMCID: PMC10026989 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00335.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The inward rectifier potassium channel Kir7.1, encoded by the KCNJ13 gene, is a tetramer composed of two-transmembrane domain-spanning monomers, closer in homology to Kir channels associated with potassium transport such as Kir1.1, 1.2, and 1.3. Compared with other channels, Kir7.1 exhibits small unitary conductance and low dependence on external potassium. Kir7.1 channels also show a phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) dependence for opening. Accordingly, retinopathy-associated Kir7.1 mutations mapped at the binding site for PIP2 resulted in channel gating defects leading to channelopathies such as snowflake vitreoretinal degeneration and Leber congenital amaurosis in blind patients. Lately, this channel's role in energy homeostasis was reported due to the direct interaction with the melanocortin type 4 receptor (MC4R) in the hypothalamus. As this channel seems to play a multipronged role in potassium homeostasis and neuronal excitability, we will discuss what is predicted from a structural viewpoint and its possible implications for hunger control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciria C Hernandez
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Luis E Gimenez
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Naima S Dahir
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Alys Peisley
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Roger D Cone
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
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26
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Zhu J, Qiu H, Guo W. Probing ion binding in the selectivity filter of the Ca v1.1 channel with molecular dynamics. Biophys J 2023; 122:496-505. [PMID: 36587239 PMCID: PMC9941718 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cav1.1 is the voltage-gated calcium channel essential for the contraction of skeletal muscles upon membrane potential changes. Structural determination of the Cav1.1 channel opens the avenue toward understanding of the structure-function relationship of voltage-gated calcium channels. Here, we show that there exist two Ca2+-binding sites, termed S1 and S2, within the selectivity filter of Cav1.1 through extensive molecular dynamics simulations on various initial ion arrangement configurations. The formation of both binding sites is associated with the four Glu residues (Glu292/614/1014/1323) that constitute the so-called EEEE locus. At the S1 site near the extracellular side, the Ca2+ ion is coordinated with the negatively charged carboxylic groups of these Glu residues and of the Asp615 residue either in a direct way or via an intermediate water molecule. At the S2 site, Ca2+ binding shows two distinct states: an upper state involving two out of the four Glu residues in the EEEE locus and a lower state involving only one Glu residue. In addition, there exist two recruitment sites for Ca2+ above the entrance of the filter. These findings promote the understanding of mechanism for ion permeation and selectivity in calcium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junliang Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Hu Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wanlin Guo
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China.
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27
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Han S, Vance J, Jones S, DeCata J, Tran K, Cummings J, Wang S. Voltage sensor dynamics of a bacterial voltage-gated sodium channel NavAb reveal three conformational states. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102967. [PMID: 36736429 PMCID: PMC9986516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
High-resolution structures of voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav) were first obtained from a prokaryotic ortholog NavAb, which provided important mechanistic insights into Na+ selectivity and voltage gating. Unlike eukaryotic Navs, the NavAb channel is formed by four identical subunits, but its ion selectivity and pharmacological profiles are very similar to eukaryotic Navs. Recently, the structures of the NavAb voltage sensor at resting and activated states were obtained by cryo-EM, but its intermediate states and transition dynamics remain unclear. In the present work, we used liposome flux assays to show that purified NavAb proteins were functional to conduct both H+ and Na+ and were blocked by the local anesthetic lidocaine. Additionally, we examined the real-time conformational dynamics of the NavAb voltage sensor using single-molecule FRET. Our single-molecule FRET measurements on the tandem NavAb channel labeled with Cy3/5 FRET fluorophore pair revealed spontaneous transitions of the NavAb S4 segment among three conformational states, which fitted well with the kinetic model developed for the S4 segment of the human voltage-gated proton channel hHv1. Interestingly, even under strong activating voltage, the NavAb S4 segment seems to adopt a conformational distribution similar to that of the hHv1 S4 segment at a deep resting state. The conformational behaviors of the NavAb voltage sensor under different voltages need to be further examined to understand the mechanisms of voltage sensing and gating in the canonical voltage-gated ion channel superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Han
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Joshua Vance
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Samuel Jones
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Jenna DeCata
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Kimberly Tran
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - John Cummings
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Shizhen Wang
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.
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28
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Cunningham KL, Littleton JT. Mechanisms controlling the trafficking, localization, and abundance of presynaptic Ca 2+ channels. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 15:1116729. [PMID: 36710932 PMCID: PMC9880069 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1116729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs) mediate Ca2+ influx to trigger neurotransmitter release at specialized presynaptic sites termed active zones (AZs). The abundance of VGCCs at AZs regulates neurotransmitter release probability (Pr ), a key presynaptic determinant of synaptic strength. Given this functional significance, defining the processes that cooperate to establish AZ VGCC abundance is critical for understanding how these mechanisms set synaptic strength and how they might be regulated to control presynaptic plasticity. VGCC abundance at AZs involves multiple steps, including channel biosynthesis (transcription, translation, and trafficking through the endomembrane system), forward axonal trafficking and delivery to synaptic terminals, incorporation and retention at presynaptic sites, and protein recycling. Here we discuss mechanisms that control VGCC abundance at synapses, highlighting findings from invertebrate and vertebrate models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L. Cunningham
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Biology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
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29
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Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidines: Isosteres of Nifedipine and Evaluation of Their Calcium Channel Blocking Efficiency. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020784. [PMID: 36677842 PMCID: PMC9867414 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension and cardiovascular diseases related to it remain the leading medical challenges globally. Several drugs have been synthesized and commercialized to manage hypertension. Some of these drugs have a dihydropyrimidine skeleton structure, act as efficient calcium channel blockers, and affect the calcium ions' intake in vascular smooth muscle, hence managing hypertension. The synthesis of such moieties is crucial, and documenting their structure-activity relationship, their evolved and advanced synthetic procedures, and future opportunities in this area is currently a priority. Tremendous efforts have been made after the discovery of the Biginelli condensation reaction in the synthesis of dihydropyrimidines. From the specific selection of Biginelli adducts to the variation in the formed intermediates to achieve target compounds containing heterocylic rings, aldehydes, a variety of ketones, halogens, and many other desired functionalities, extensive studies have been carried out. Several substitutions at the C3, C4, and C5 positions of dihydropyrimidines have been explored, aiming to produce feasible derivatives with acceptable yields as well as antihypertensive activity. The current review aims to cover this requirement in detail.
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30
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Folacci M, Estaran S, Ménard C, Bertaud A, Rousset M, Roussel J, Thibaud JB, Vignes M, Chavanieu A, Charnet P, Cens T. Functional Characterization of Four Known Cav2.1 Variants Associated with Neurodevelopmental Disorders. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:96. [PMID: 36676903 PMCID: PMC9864995 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cav2.1 channels are expressed throughout the brain and are the predominant Ca2+ channels in the Purkinje cells. These cerebellar neurons fire spontaneously, and Cav2.1 channels are involved in the regular pacemaking activity. The loss of precision of the firing pattern of Purkinje cells leads to ataxia, a disorder characterized by poor balance and difficulties in performing coordinated movements. In this study, we aimed at characterizing functional and structural consequences of four variations (p.A405T in I-II loop and p.R1359W, p.R1667W and p.S1799L in IIIS4, IVS4, and IVS6 helices, respectively) identified in patients exhibiting a wide spectrum of disorders including ataxia symptoms. Functional analysis using two major Cav2.1 splice variants (Cav2.1+e47 and Cav2.1-e47) in Xenopus laevis oocytes, revealed a lack of effect upon A405T substitution and a significant loss-of-function caused by R1359W, whereas R1667W and S1799L caused both channel gain-of-function and loss-of-function, in a splice variant-dependent manner. Structural analysis revealed the loss of interactions with S1, S2, and S3 helices upon R1359W and R1667W substitutions, but a lack of obvious structural changes with S1799L. Computational modeling suggests that biophysical changes induced by Cav2.1 pathogenic mutations might affect action potential frequency in Purkinje cells.
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31
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Ortner NJ. CACNA1D-Related Channelopathies: From Hypertension to Autism. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023. [PMID: 36592224 DOI: 10.1007/164_2022_626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Tightly controlled Ca2+ influx through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (Cavs) is indispensable for proper physiological function. Thus, it is not surprising that Cav loss and/or gain of function have been implicated in human pathology. Deficiency of Cav1.3 L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCCs) causes deafness and bradycardia, whereas several genetic variants of CACNA1D, the gene encoding the pore-forming α1 subunit of Cav1.3, have been linked to various disease phenotypes, such as hypertension, congenital hypoglycemia, or autism. These variants include not only common polymorphisms associated with an increased disease risk, but also rare de novo missense variants conferring high risk. This review provides a concise summary of disease-associated CACNA1D variants, whereas the main focus lies on de novo germline variants found in individuals with a neurodevelopmental disorder of variable severity. Electrophysiological recordings revealed activity-enhancing gating changes induced by these de novo variants, and tools to predict their pathogenicity and to study the resulting pathophysiological consequences will be discussed. Despite the low number of affected patients, potential phenotype-genotype correlations and factors that could impact the severity of symptoms will be covered. Since increased channel activity is assumed as the disease-underlying mechanism, pharmacological inhibition could be a treatment option. In the absence of Cav1.3-selective blockers, dihydropyridine LTCC inhibitors clinically approved for the treatment of hypertension may be used for personalized off-label trials. Findings from in vitro studies and treatment attempts in some of the patients seem promising as outlined. Taken together, due to advances in diagnostic sequencing techniques the number of reported CACNA1D variants in human diseases is constantly rising. Evidence from in silico, in vitro, and in vivo disease models can help to predict the pathogenic potential of such variants and to guide diagnosis and treatment in the clinical practice when confronted with patients harboring CACNA1D variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine J Ortner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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32
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Waclawiková B, Cesar Telles de Souza P, Schwalbe M, Neochoritis CG, Hoornenborg W, Nelemans SA, Marrink SJ, El Aidy S. Potential binding modes of the gut bacterial metabolite, 5-hydroxyindole, to the intestinal L-type calcium channels and its impact on the microbiota in rats. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2154544. [PMID: 36511640 PMCID: PMC9754111 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2154544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota and microbiota-derived metabolites play a key role in regulating the host physiology. Recently, we have identified a gut-bacterial metabolite, namely 5-hydroxyindole, as a potent stimulant of intestinal motility via its modulation of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels located on the intestinal smooth muscle cells. Dysregulation of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels is associated with various gastrointestinal motility disorders, including constipation, making L-type voltage-gated calcium channels an important target for drug development. Nonetheless, the majority of currently available drugs are associated with alteration of the gut microbiota. Using 16S rRNA sequencing this study shows that, when administered orally, 5-hydroxyindole has only marginal effects on the rat cecal microbiota. Molecular dynamics simulations propose potential-binding pockets of 5-hydroxyindole in the α1 subunit of the L-type voltage-gated calcium channels and when its stimulatory effect on the rat colonic contractility was compared to 16 different analogues, ex-vivo, 5-hydroxyindole stood as the most potent enhancer of the intestinal contractility. Overall, the present findings imply a potential role of microbiota-derived metabolites as candidate therapeutics for targeted treatment of slow intestinal motility-related disorders including constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Waclawiková
- Host-Microbe Metabolic Interactions, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paulo Cesar Telles de Souza
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry (MMSB - UMR 5086), CNRS & University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Markus Schwalbe
- Host-Microbe Metabolic Interactions, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Warner Hoornenborg
- Department of Behavioral Neurosciences, Cluster Neurobiology, Groningen Institute of for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sieger A. Nelemans
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Siewert J. Marrink
- Molecular Dynamics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sahar El Aidy
- Host-Microbe Metabolic Interactions, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,CONTACT Sahar El Aidy Host-Microbe Metabolic Interactions, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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33
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She J, Guo J, Jiang Y. Structure and Function of Plant and Mammalian TPC Channels. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 278:155-180. [PMID: 35879575 DOI: 10.1007/164_2022_599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Two-pore channels (TPCs) belong to the family of voltage-gated tetrameric cation channels and are ubiquitously expressed in organelles of animals and plants. These channels are believed to be evolutionary intermediates between homotetrameric voltage-gated potassium/sodium channels and the four-domain, single subunit, voltage-gated sodium/calcium channels. Each TPC subunit contains 12 transmembrane segments that can be divided into two homologous copies of an S1-S6 Shaker-like 6-TM domain. A functional TPC channel assembles as a dimer - the equivalent of a voltage-gated tetrameric cation channel. The plant TPC channel is localized in the vacuolar membrane and is also called the SV channel for generating the slow vacuolar (SV) current observed long before its molecular identification. Three subfamilies of mammalian TPC channels have been defined - TPC1, 2, and 3 - with the first two being ubiquitously expressed in animals and TPC3 being expressed in some animals but not in humans. Mammalian TPC1 and TPC2 are localized to the endolysosomal membrane and their functions are associated with various physiological processes. TPC3 is localized in the plasma membrane and its physiological function is not well defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji She
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiangtao Guo
- Department of Biophysics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Youxing Jiang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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34
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Zong P, Yue L. Regulation of Presynaptic Calcium Channels. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 33:171-202. [PMID: 37615867 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-34229-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs), especially Cav2.1 and Cav2.2, are the major mediators of Ca2+ influx at the presynaptic membrane in response to neuron excitation, thereby exerting a predominant control on synaptic transmission. To guarantee the timely and precise release of neurotransmitters at synapses, the activity of presynaptic VGCCs is tightly regulated by a variety of factors, including auxiliary subunits, membrane potential, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), calmodulin (CaM), Ca2+-binding proteins (CaBP), protein kinases, various interacting proteins, alternative splicing events, and genetic variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Zong
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Lixia Yue
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
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35
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Wang ZW, Riaz S, Niu L. Roles and Sources of Calcium in Synaptic Exocytosis. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 33:139-170. [PMID: 37615866 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-34229-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca2+) play a critical role in triggering neurotransmitter release. The rate of release is directly related to the concentration of Ca2+ at the presynaptic site, with a supralinear relationship. There are two main sources of Ca2+ that trigger synaptic vesicle fusion: influx through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in the plasma membrane and release from the endoplasmic reticulum via ryanodine receptors. This chapter will cover the sources of Ca2+ at the presynaptic nerve terminal, the relationship between neurotransmitter release rate and Ca2+ concentration, and the mechanisms that achieve the necessary Ca2+ concentrations for triggering synaptic exocytosis at the presynaptic site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Wen Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
| | - Sadaf Riaz
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Longgang Niu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
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36
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Manning D, Santana LF. Regulating voltage-gated ion channels with nanobodies. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7557. [PMID: 36494383 PMCID: PMC9734093 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Declan Manning
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
| | - L Fernando Santana
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA.
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37
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Yao X, Gao S, Wang J, Li Z, Huang J, Wang Y, Wang Z, Chen J, Fan X, Wang W, Jin X, Pan X, Yu Y, Lagrutta A, Yan N. Structural basis for the severe adverse interaction of sofosbuvir and amiodarone on L-type Ca v channels. Cell 2022; 185:4801-4810.e13. [PMID: 36417914 PMCID: PMC9891081 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Drug-drug interaction of the antiviral sofosbuvir and the antiarrhythmics amiodarone has been reported to cause fatal heartbeat slowing. Sofosbuvir and its analog, MNI-1, were reported to potentiate the inhibition of cardiomyocyte calcium handling by amiodarone, which functions as a multi-channel antagonist, and implicate its inhibitory effect on L-type Cav channels, but the molecular mechanism has remained unclear. Here we present systematic cryo-EM structural analysis of Cav1.1 and Cav1.3 treated with amiodarone or sofosbuvir alone, or sofosbuvir/MNI-1 combined with amiodarone. Whereas amiodarone alone occupies the dihydropyridine binding site, sofosbuvir is not found in the channel when applied on its own. In the presence of amiodarone, sofosbuvir/MNI-1 is anchored in the central cavity of the pore domain through specific interaction with amiodarone and directly obstructs the ion permeation path. Our study reveals the molecular basis for the physical, pharmacodynamic interaction of two drugs on the scaffold of Cav channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA,These authors contribute equally
| | - Shuai Gao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA,These authors contribute equally.,Present address: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China,To whom correspondence should be addressed: N. Yan (); S. Gao ()
| | - Jixin Wang
- Department of Genetic and Cellular Toxicology, ADME & Discovery Toxicology, Preclinical Development, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA,These authors contribute equally
| | - Zhangqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China,These authors contribute equally
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Zhifei Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Jiaofeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiao Fan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Weipeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xueqin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaojing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Armando Lagrutta
- Department of Genetic and Cellular Toxicology, ADME & Discovery Toxicology, Preclinical Development, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Nieng Yan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA,Lead contact.,To whom correspondence should be addressed: N. Yan (); S. Gao ()
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38
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Yao X, Wang Y, Wang Z, Fan X, Wu D, Huang J, Mueller A, Gao S, Hu M, Robinson CV, Yu Y, Gao S, Yan N. Structures of the R-type human Ca v2.3 channel reveal conformational crosstalk of the intracellular segments. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7358. [PMID: 36446785 PMCID: PMC9708679 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35026-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The R-type voltage-gated Ca2+ (Cav) channels Cav2.3, widely expressed in neuronal and neuroendocrine cells, represent potential drug targets for pain, seizures, epilepsy, and Parkinson's disease. Despite their physiological importance, there have lacked selective small-molecule inhibitors targeting these channels. High-resolution structures may aid rational drug design. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of human Cav2.3 in complex with α2δ-1 and β3 subunits at an overall resolution of 3.1 Å. The structure is nearly identical to that of Cav2.2, with VSDII in the down state and the other three VSDs up. A phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) molecule binds to the interface of VSDII and the tightly closed pore domain. We also determined the cryo-EM structure of a Cav2.3 mutant in which a Cav2-unique cytosolic helix in repeat II (designated the CH2II helix) is deleted. This mutant, named ΔCH2, still reserves a down VSDII, but PIP2 is invisible and the juxtamembrane region on the cytosolic side is barely discernible. Our structural and electrophysiological characterizations of the wild type and ΔCH2 Cav2.3 show that the CH2II helix stabilizes the inactivated conformation of the channel by tightening the cytosolic juxtamembrane segments, while CH2II helix is not necessary for locking the down state of VSDII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yao
- grid.16750.350000 0001 2097 5006Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
| | - Yan Wang
- grid.264091.80000 0001 1954 7928Department of Biological Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439 USA
| | - Zhifei Wang
- grid.264091.80000 0001 1954 7928Department of Biological Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439 USA
| | - Xiao Fan
- grid.16750.350000 0001 2097 5006Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
| | - Di Wu
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QZ UK ,grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU UK
| | - Jian Huang
- grid.16750.350000 0001 2097 5006Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
| | - Alexander Mueller
- grid.16750.350000 0001 2097 5006Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
| | - Sarah Gao
- grid.16750.350000 0001 2097 5006Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
| | - Miaohui Hu
- grid.16750.350000 0001 2097 5006Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
| | - Carol V. Robinson
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QZ UK ,grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU UK
| | - Yong Yu
- grid.264091.80000 0001 1954 7928Department of Biological Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439 USA
| | - Shuai Gao
- grid.16750.350000 0001 2097 5006Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA ,grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153Present Address: Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Nieng Yan
- grid.16750.350000 0001 2097 5006Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
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Modulation of L-type calcium channels in Alzheimer's disease: A potential therapeutic target. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 21:11-20. [PMID: 36514335 PMCID: PMC9719069 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium plays a fundamental role in various signaling pathways and cellular processes in the human organism. In the nervous system, voltage-gated calcium channels such as L-type calcium channels (LTCCs) are critical elements in mediating neurotransmitter release, synaptic integration and plasticity. Dysfunction of LTCCs has been implicated in both aging and Alzheimer's Disease (AD), constituting a key component of calcium hypothesis of AD. As such, LTCCs are a promising drug target in AD. However, due to their structural and functional complexity, the mechanisms by which LTCCs contribute to AD are still unclear. In this review, we briefly summarize the structure, function, and modulation of LTCCs that are the backbone for understanding pathological processes involving LTCCs. We suggest targeting molecular pathways up-regulating LTCCs in AD may be a more promising approach, given the diverse physiological functions of LTCCs and the ineffectiveness of LTCC blockers in clinical studies.
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Key Words
- AC, adenylyl cyclase
- AD, Alzheimer’s Disease
- AHP, afterhyperpolarization
- AR, adrenoceptor
- Aging
- Alzheimer’s disease
- Aβ, β-amyloid
- BIN1, bridging integrator 1
- BTZs, benzothiazepines
- CDF, calcium-dependent facilitation
- CDI, calcium-dependent inactivation
- CaMKII, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II
- DHP, dihydropyridine
- L-type calcium channel
- LTCC, L-type calcium channels
- LTD, long-term depression
- LTP, long-term potentiation
- NFT, neurofibrillary tangles
- NMDAR, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor
- PAA, phenylalkylamines
- PKA, protein kinase A
- PKC, protein kinase C
- PKG, protein kinase G
- SFK, Src family kinase
- Tau
- VSD, voltage sensing domain
- β-Amyloid
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40
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Pregabalin for chemotherapy-induced neuropathy: background and rationale for further study. Support Care Cancer 2022; 30:8845-8853. [PMID: 35953729 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-07317-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced neuropathy is difficult to manage, and the pain associated with neuropathy is poorly responsive to gabapentin in a randomized trial. Duloxetine is the only drug that has been found to be effective in reducing pain from chemotherapy neuropathy. In this qualitative review, the use of pregabalin for chemotherapy-induced neuropathy is discussed including the rationale and pharmacological reasons why pregabalin should be considered in a large, randomized placebo-controlled trial.
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Yadav DK, Anderson DE, Hell JW, Ames JB. Calmodulin promotes a Ca 2+ -dependent conformational change in the C-terminal regulatory domain of Ca V 1.2. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2974-2985. [PMID: 36310389 PMCID: PMC9719739 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM) binds to the membrane-proximal cytosolic C-terminal domain of CaV 1.2 (residues 1520-1669, CT(1520-1669)) and causes Ca2+ -induced conformational changes that promote Ca2+ -dependent channel inactivation (CDI). We report biophysical studies that probe the structural interaction between CT(1520-1669) and CaM. The recombinantly expressed CT(1520-1669) is insoluble, but can be solubilized in the presence of Ca2+ -saturated CaM (Ca4 /CaM), but not in the presence of Ca2+ -free CaM (apoCaM). We show that half-calcified CaM (Ca2 /CaM12 ) forms a complex with CT(1520-1669) that is less soluble than CT(1520-1669) bound to Ca4 /CaM. The NMR spectrum of CT(1520-1669) reveals spectral differences caused by the binding of Ca2 /CaM12 versus Ca4 /CaM, suggesting that the binding of Ca2+ to the CaM N-lobe may induce a conformational change in CT(1520-1669).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David E. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Johannes W. Hell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - James B. Ames
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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42
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Harrison PJ, Husain SM, Lee H, Los Angeles AD, Colbourne L, Mould A, Hall NAL, Haerty W, Tunbridge EM. CACNA1C (Ca V1.2) and other L-type calcium channels in the pathophysiology and treatment of psychiatric disorders: Advances from functional genomics and pharmacoepidemiology. Neuropharmacology 2022; 220:109262. [PMID: 36154842 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A role for voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) in psychiatric disorders has long been postulated as part of a broader involvement of intracellular calcium signalling. However, the data were inconclusive and hard to interpret. We review three areas of research that have markedly advanced the field. First, there is now robust genomic evidence that common variants in VGCC subunit genes, notably CACNA1C which encodes the L-type calcium channel (LTCC) CaV1.2 subunit, are trans-diagnostically associated with psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Rare variants in these genes also contribute to the risk. Second, pharmacoepidemiological evidence supports the possibility that calcium channel blockers, which target LTCCs, might have beneficial effects on the onset or course of these disorders. This is especially true for calcium channel blockers that are brain penetrant. Third, long-range sequencing is revealing the repertoire of full-length LTCC transcript isoforms. Many novel and abundant CACNA1C isoforms have been identified in human and mouse brain, including some which are enriched compared to heart or aorta, and predicted to encode channels with differing functional and pharmacological properties. These isoforms may contribute to the molecular mechanisms of genetic association to psychiatric disorders. They may also enable development of therapeutic agents that can preferentially target brain LTCC isoforms and be of potential value for psychiatric indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Harrison
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK.
| | - Syed M Husain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Hami Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | | | - Lucy Colbourne
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Arne Mould
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Nicola A L Hall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Wilfried Haerty
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK; School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Elizabeth M Tunbridge
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
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43
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El Ghaleb Y, Ortner NJ, Posch W, Fernández-Quintero ML, Tuinte WE, Monteleone S, Draheim HJ, Liedl KR, Wilflingseder D, Striessnig J, Tuluc P, Flucher BE, Campiglio M. Calcium current modulation by the γ1 subunit depends on alternative splicing of CaV1.1. J Gen Physiol 2022; 154:e202113028. [PMID: 35349630 PMCID: PMC9037348 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202113028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The skeletal muscle voltage-gated calcium channel (CaV1.1) primarily functions as a voltage sensor for excitation-contraction coupling. Conversely, its ion-conducting function is modulated by multiple mechanisms within the pore-forming α1S subunit and the auxiliary α2δ-1 and γ1 subunits. In particular, developmentally regulated alternative splicing of exon 29, which inserts 19 amino acids in the extracellular IVS3-S4 loop of CaV1.1a, greatly reduces the current density and shifts the voltage dependence of activation to positive potentials outside the physiological range. We generated new HEK293 cell lines stably expressing α2δ-1, β3, and STAC3. When the adult (CaV1.1a) and embryonic (CaV1.1e) splice variants were expressed in these cells, the difference in the voltage dependence of activation observed in muscle cells was reproduced, but not the reduced current density of CaV1.1a. Only when we further coexpressed the γ1 subunit was the current density of CaV1.1a, but not that of CaV1.1e, reduced by >50%. In addition, γ1 caused a shift of the voltage dependence of inactivation to negative voltages in both variants. Thus, the current-reducing effect of γ1, unlike its effect on inactivation, is specifically dependent on the inclusion of exon 29 in CaV1.1a. Molecular structure modeling revealed several direct ionic interactions between residues in the IVS3-S4 loop and the γ1 subunit. However, substitution of these residues by alanine, individually or in combination, did not abolish the γ1-dependent reduction of current density, suggesting that structural rearrangements in CaV1.1a induced by inclusion of exon 29 may allosterically empower the γ1 subunit to exert its inhibitory action on CaV1.1 calcium currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousra El Ghaleb
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nadine J. Ortner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wilfried Posch
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Wietske E. Tuinte
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefania Monteleone
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Henning J. Draheim
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, CNS Research, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Klaus R. Liedl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Doris Wilflingseder
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jörg Striessnig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Petronel Tuluc
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard E. Flucher
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marta Campiglio
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Profile of Nieng Yan. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2210772119. [PMID: 35905326 PMCID: PMC9388112 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2210772119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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45
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Zhao Y, Wang H, Wiesehoefer C, Shah NB, Reetz E, Hwang JY, Huang X, Wang TE, Lishko PV, Davies KM, Wennemuth G, Nicastro D, Chung JJ. 3D structure and in situ arrangements of CatSper channel in the sperm flagellum. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3439. [PMID: 35715406 PMCID: PMC9205950 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The sperm calcium channel CatSper plays a central role in successful fertilization as a primary Ca2+ gateway. Here, we applied cryo-electron tomography to visualize the higher-order organization of the native CatSper complex in intact mammalian sperm. The repeating CatSper units form long zigzag-rows along mouse and human sperm flagella. Above each tetrameric channel pore, most of the extracellular domains form a canopy that interconnects to a zigzag-shaped roof. Murine CatSper contains an additional wing-structure connected to the tetrameric channel. The intracellular domains link two neighboring channels to a diagonal array, suggesting a dimer formation. Fitting of an atomic model of isolated monomeric CatSper to the in situ map reveals supramolecular interactions and assembly of the CatSper complex. Loss of EFCAB9-CATSPERζ alters the architecture and interactions of the channels, resulting in fragmentation and misalignment of the zigzag-rows and disruption of flagellar movement in Efcab9-/- sperm. This work offers unique insights into the structural basis for understanding CatSper regulation of sperm motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhe Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Huafeng Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Caroline Wiesehoefer
- Department of Anatomy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Medical Faculty, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Naman B Shah
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrative Bioimaging division, Bioscience Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Evan Reetz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jae Yeon Hwang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Xiaofang Huang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Tse-En Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Polina V Lishko
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- The Center for Reproductive Longevity and Equality, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Karen M Davies
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrative Bioimaging division, Bioscience Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Gunther Wennemuth
- Department of Anatomy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Medical Faculty, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Daniela Nicastro
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Jean-Ju Chung
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
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Melzer W. From α1s splicing to γ1 function: A new twist in subunit modulation of the skeletal muscle L-type Ca2+ channel. J Gen Physiol 2022; 154:213270. [PMID: 35674662 PMCID: PMC9184848 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202213182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Melzer discusses a recent JGP study showing that alternative splicing of the skeletal muscle L-type calcium channel impacts on a modulatory effect of its γ subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Melzer
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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47
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Benndorf K, Eick T, Sattler C, Schmauder R, Schulz E. A strategy for determining the equilibrium constants for heteromeric ion channels in a complex model. J Gen Physiol 2022; 154:e202113041. [PMID: 35486087 PMCID: PMC9066054 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202113041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligand-gated ion channels are oligomers containing several binding sites for the ligands. However, the signal transmission from the ligand binding site to the pore has not yet been fully elucidated for any of these channels. In heteromeric channels, the situation is even more complex than in homomeric channels. Using published data for concatamers of heteromeric cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, we show that, on theoretical grounds, multiple functional parameters of the individual subunits can be determined with high precision. The main components of our strategy are (1) the generation of a defined subunit composition by concatenating multiple subunits, (2) the construction of 16 concatameric channels, which differ in systematically permutated binding sites, (3) the determination of respectively differing concentration-activation relationships, and (4) a complex global fit analysis with corresponding intimately coupled Markovian state models. The amount of constraints in this approach is exceedingly high. Furthermore, we propose a stochastic fit analysis with a scaled unitary start vector of identical elements to avoid any bias arising from a specific start vector. Our approach enabled us to determine 23 free parameters, including 4 equilibrium constants for the closed-open isomerizations, 4 disabling factors for the mutations of the different subunits, and 15 virtual equilibrium-association constants in the context of a 4-D hypercube. From the virtual equilibrium-association constants, we could determine 32 equilibrium-association constants of the subunits at different degrees of ligand binding. Our strategy can be generalized and is therefore adaptable to other ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Benndorf
- Institute of Physiology II, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Eick
- Institute of Physiology II, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Sattler
- Institute of Physiology II, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf Schmauder
- Institute of Physiology II, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Eckhard Schulz
- Schmalkalden University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Schmalkalden, Germany
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48
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Hadiatullah H, He Z, Yuchi Z. Structural Insight Into Ryanodine Receptor Channelopathies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:897494. [PMID: 35677449 PMCID: PMC9168041 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.897494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are large cation-selective ligand-gated channels that are expressed in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membrane. They mediate the controlled release of Ca2+ from SR and play an important role in many cellular processes. The mutations in RyRs are associated with several skeletal muscle and cardiac conditions, including malignant hyperthermia (MH), central core disease (CCD), catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), and arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD). Recent breakthroughs in structural biology including cryo-electron microscopy (EM) and X-ray crystallography allowed the determination of a number of near-atomic structures of RyRs, including wildtype and mutant structures as well as the structures in complex with different modulating molecules. This allows us to comprehend the physiological gating and regulatory mechanisms of RyRs and the underlying pathological mechanisms of the disease-causing mutations. In this review, based on the insights gained from the available high-resolution structures of RyRs, we address several questions: 1) what are the gating mechanisms of different RyR isoforms; 2) how RyRs are regulated by multiple channel modulators, including ions, small molecules, and regulatory proteins; 3) how do disease-causing mutations affect the structure and function of RyRs; 4) how can these structural information aid in the diagnosis of the related diseases and the development of pharmacological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadiatullah Hadiatullah
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhao He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiguang Yuchi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiguang Yuchi,
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49
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Yang Y, Yu Z, Geng J, Liu M, Liu N, Li P, Hong W, Yue S, Jiang H, Ge H, Qian F, Xiong W, Wang P, Song S, Li X, Fan Y, Liu X. Cytosolic peptides encoding Ca V1 C-termini downregulate the calcium channel activity-neuritogenesis coupling. Commun Biol 2022; 5:484. [PMID: 35589958 PMCID: PMC9120191 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03438-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
L-type Ca2+ (CaV1) channels transduce channel activities into nuclear signals critical to neuritogenesis. Also, standalone peptides encoded by CaV1 DCT (distal carboxyl-terminus) act as nuclear transcription factors reportedly promoting neuritogenesis. Here, by focusing on exemplary CaV1.3 and cortical neurons under basal conditions, we discover that cytosolic DCT peptides downregulate neurite outgrowth by the interactions with CaV1's apo-calmodulin binding motif. Distinct from nuclear DCT, various cytosolic peptides exert a gradient of inhibitory effects on Ca2+ influx via CaV1 channels and neurite extension and arborization, and also the intermediate events including CREB activation and c-Fos expression. The inhibition efficacies of DCT are quantitatively correlated with its binding affinities. Meanwhile, cytosolic inhibition tends to facilitate neuritogenesis indirectly by favoring Ca2+-sensitive nuclear retention of DCT. In summary, DCT peptides as a class of CaV1 inhibitors specifically regulate the channel activity-neuritogenesis coupling in a variant-, affinity-, and localization-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxiong Yang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.,X-Laboratory for Ion-Channel Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhen Yu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.,X-Laboratory for Ion-Channel Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jinli Geng
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.,X-Laboratory for Ion-Channel Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Min Liu
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Weili Hong
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shuhua Yue
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - He Jiang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Haiyan Ge
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Feng Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Sen Song
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China. .,X-Laboratory for Ion-Channel Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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50
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Yelshanskaya MV, Sobolevsky AI. Ligand-Binding Sites in Vanilloid-Subtype TRP Channels. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:900623. [PMID: 35652046 PMCID: PMC9149226 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.900623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Vanilloid-subfamily TRP channels TRPV1-6 play important roles in various physiological processes and are implicated in numerous human diseases. Advances in structural biology, particularly the "resolution revolution" in cryo-EM, have led to breakthroughs in molecular characterization of TRPV channels. Structures with continuously improving resolution uncover atomic details of TRPV channel interactions with small molecules and protein-binding partners. Here, we provide a classification of structurally characterized binding sites in TRPV channels and discuss the progress that has been made by structural biology combined with mutagenesis, functional recordings, and molecular dynamics simulations toward understanding of the molecular mechanisms of ligand action. Given the similarity in structural architecture of TRP channels, 16 unique sites identified in TRPV channels may be shared between TRP channel subfamilies, although the chemical identity of a particular ligand will likely depend on the local amino-acid composition. The characterized binding sites and molecular mechanisms of ligand action create a diversity of druggable targets to aid in the design of new molecules for tuning TRP channel function in disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander I. Sobolevsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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