1
|
Lorca-Cámara A, Blot FGC, Accanto N. Recent advances in light patterned optogenetic photostimulation in freely moving mice. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:S11508. [PMID: 38404422 PMCID: PMC10885521 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.s1.s11508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Optogenetics opened the door to a new era of neuroscience. New optical developments are under way to enable high-resolution neuronal activity imaging and selective photostimulation of neuronal ensembles in freely moving animals. These advancements could allow researchers to interrogate, with cellular precision, functionally relevant neuronal circuits in the framework of naturalistic brain activity. We provide an overview of the current state-of-the-art of imaging and photostimulation in freely moving rodents and present a road map for future optical and engineering developments toward miniaturized microscopes that could reach beyond the currently existing systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - François G C Blot
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Nicolò Accanto
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Burwell SCV, Yan H, Lim SSX, Shields BC, Tadross MR. Natural phasic inhibition of dopamine neurons signals cognitive rigidity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.09.593320. [PMID: 38766037 PMCID: PMC11100816 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.09.593320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
When animals unexpectedly fail, their dopamine neurons undergo phasic inhibition that canonically drives extinction learning, a cognitive-flexibility mechanism for discarding outdated strategies. However, the existing evidence equates natural and artificial phasic inhibition, despite their spatiotemporal differences. Addressing this gap, we targeted a GABAA-receptor antagonist precisely to dopamine neurons, yielding three unexpected findings. First, this intervention blocked natural phasic inhibition selectively, leaving tonic activity unaffected. Second, blocking natural phasic inhibition accelerated extinction learning, opposite to canonical mechanisms. Third, our approach selectively benefitted perseverative mice, restoring rapid extinction without affecting new reward learning. Our findings reveal that extinction learning is rapid by default and slowed by natural phasic inhibition, challenging foundational learning theories, while delineating a synaptic mechanism and therapeutic target for cognitive rigidity.
Collapse
|
3
|
Abatis M, Perin R, Niu R, van den Burg E, Hegoburu C, Kim R, Okamura M, Bito H, Markram H, Stoop R. Fear learning induces synaptic potentiation between engram neurons in the rat lateral amygdala. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:1309-1317. [PMID: 38871992 PMCID: PMC11239494 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01676-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The lateral amygdala (LA) encodes fear memories by potentiating sensory inputs associated with threats and, in the process, recruits 10-30% of its neurons per fear memory engram. However, how the local network within the LA processes this information and whether it also plays a role in storing it are still largely unknown. Here, using ex vivo 12-patch-clamp and in vivo 32-electrode electrophysiological recordings in the LA of fear-conditioned rats, in combination with activity-dependent fluorescent and optogenetic tagging and recall, we identified a sparsely connected network between principal LA neurons that is organized in clusters. Fear conditioning specifically causes potentiation of synaptic connections between learning-recruited neurons. These findings of synaptic plasticity in an autoassociative excitatory network of the LA may suggest a basic principle through which a small number of pyramidal neurons could encode a large number of memories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marios Abatis
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, University Hospital of Lausanne, Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rodrigo Perin
- Brain-Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ruifang Niu
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, University Hospital of Lausanne, Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Erwin van den Burg
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, University Hospital of Lausanne, Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chloe Hegoburu
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, University Hospital of Lausanne, Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ryang Kim
- Department of Neurochemistry, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Okamura
- Department of Neurochemistry, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Bito
- Department of Neurochemistry, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Henry Markram
- Brain-Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ron Stoop
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, University Hospital of Lausanne, Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hira R. Closed-loop experiments and brain machine interfaces with multiphoton microscopy. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:033405. [PMID: 38375331 PMCID: PMC10876015 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.3.033405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
In the field of neuroscience, the importance of constructing closed-loop experimental systems has increased in conjunction with technological advances in measuring and controlling neural activity in live animals. We provide an overview of recent technological advances in the field, focusing on closed-loop experimental systems where multiphoton microscopy-the only method capable of recording and controlling targeted population activity of neurons at a single-cell resolution in vivo-works through real-time feedback. Specifically, we present some examples of brain machine interfaces (BMIs) using in vivo two-photon calcium imaging and discuss applications of two-photon optogenetic stimulation and adaptive optics to real-time BMIs. We also consider conditions for realizing future optical BMIs at the synaptic level, and their possible roles in understanding the computational principles of the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riichiro Hira
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dwivedi D, Dumontier D, Sherer M, Lin S, Mirow AMC, Qiu Y, Xu Q, Liebman SA, Joseph D, Datta SR, Fishell G, Pouchelon G. Metabotropic signaling within somatostatin interneurons controls transient thalamocortical inputs during development. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5421. [PMID: 38926335 PMCID: PMC11208423 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49732-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
During brain development, neural circuits undergo major activity-dependent restructuring. Circuit wiring mainly occurs through synaptic strengthening following the Hebbian "fire together, wire together" precept. However, select connections, essential for circuit development, are transient. They are effectively connected early in development, but strongly diminish during maturation. The mechanisms by which transient connectivity recedes are unknown. To investigate this process, we characterize transient thalamocortical inputs, which depress onto somatostatin inhibitory interneurons during development, by employing optogenetics, chemogenetics, transcriptomics and CRISPR-based strategies in mice. We demonstrate that in contrast to typical activity-dependent mechanisms, transient thalamocortical connectivity onto somatostatin interneurons is non-canonical and involves metabotropic signaling. Specifically, metabotropic-mediated transcription, of guidance molecules in particular, supports the elimination of this connectivity. Remarkably, we found that this process impacts the development of normal exploratory behaviors of adult mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepanjali Dwivedi
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Mia Sherer
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sherry Lin
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea M C Mirow
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Yanjie Qiu
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Qing Xu
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Samuel A Liebman
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Djeckby Joseph
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Sandeep R Datta
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gord Fishell
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Gabrielle Pouchelon
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, Harbor, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kojima L, Seiriki K, Rokujo H, Nakazawa T, Kasai A, Hashimoto H. Optimization of AAV vectors for transactivator-regulated enhanced gene expression within targeted neuronal populations. iScience 2024; 27:109878. [PMID: 38799556 PMCID: PMC11126825 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are potential tools for cell-type-selective gene delivery to the central nervous system. Although cell-type-specific enhancers and promoters have been identified for AAV systems, there is limited information regarding the effects of AAV genomic components on the selectivity and efficiency of gene expression. Here, we offer an alternative strategy to provide specific and efficient gene delivery to a targeted neuronal population by optimizing recombinant AAV genomic components, named TAREGET (TransActivator-Regulated Enhanced Gene Expression within Targeted neuronal populations). We established this strategy in oxytocinergic neurons and showed that the TAREGET enabled sufficient gene expression to label long-projecting axons in wild-type mice. Its application to other cell types, including serotonergic and dopaminergic neurons, was also demonstrated. These results demonstrate that optimization of AAV expression cassettes can improve the specificity and efficiency of cell-type-specific gene expression and that TAREGET can renew previously established cell-type-specific promoters with improved performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leo Kojima
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kaoru Seiriki
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroki Rokujo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takanobu Nakazawa
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kasai
- Systems Neuropharmacology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Molecular Research Center for Children’s Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Institute for Datability Science, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Aoyama M, Katayama K, Kandori H. Unique hydrogen-bonding network in a viral channelrhodopsin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2024; 1865:149148. [PMID: 38906314 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2024.149148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Channelrhodopsins (CRs) are used as key tools in optogenetics, and novel CRs, either found from nature or engineered by mutation, have greatly contributed to the development of optogenetics. Recently CRs were discovered from viruses, and crystal structure of a viral CR, OLPVR1, reported a very similar water-containing hydrogen-bonding network near the retinal Schiff base to that of a light-driven proton-pump bacteriorhodopsin (BR). In both OLPVR1 and BR, nearly planar pentagonal cluster structures are comprised of five oxygen atoms, three oxygens from water molecules and two oxygens from the Schiff base counterions. The planar pentagonal cluster stabilizes a quadrupole, two positive charges at the Schiff base and an arginine, and two negative charges at the counterions, and thus plays important roles in light-gated channel function of OLPVR1 and light-driven proton pump function of BR. Despite similar pentagonal cluster structures, present FTIR analysis revealed different hydrogen-bonding networks between OLPVR1 and BR. The hydrogen bond between the protonated Schiff base and a water is stronger in OLPVR1 than in BR, and internal water molecules donate hydrogen bonds much weaker in OLPVR1 than in BR. In OLPVR1, the bridged water molecule between the Schiff base and counterions forms hydrogen bonds to D76 and D200 equally, while the hydrogen-bonding interaction is much stronger to D85 than to D212 in BR. The present interpretation is supported by the mutation results, where D76 and D200 equally work as the Schiff base counterions in OLPVR1, but D85 is the primary counterion in BR. This work reports highly sensitive hydrogen-bonding network in the Schiff base region, which would be closely related to each function through light-induced alterations of the network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mako Aoyama
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Kota Katayama
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan; OptoBioTechnology Research Center, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Hideki Kandori
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan; OptoBioTechnology Research Center, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim JH, Daie K, Li N. A combinatorial neural code for long-term motor memory. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.05.597627. [PMID: 38895416 PMCID: PMC11185691 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.05.597627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Motor skill repertoire can be stably retained over long periods, but the neural mechanism underlying stable memory storage remains poorly understood. Moreover, it is unknown how existing motor memories are maintained as new motor skills are continuously acquired. Here we tracked neural representation of learned actions throughout a significant portion of a mouse's lifespan, and we show that learned actions are stably retained in motor memory in combination with context, which protects existing memories from erasure during new motor learning. We used automated home-cage training to establish a continual learning paradigm in which mice learned to perform directional licking in different task contexts. We combined this paradigm with chronic two-photon imaging of motor cortex activity for up to 6 months. Within the same task context, activity driving directional licking was stable over time with little representational drift. When learning new task contexts, new preparatory activity emerged to drive the same licking actions. Learning created parallel new motor memories while retaining the previous memories. Re-learning to make the same actions in the previous task context re-activated the previous preparatory activity, even months later. At the same time, continual learning of new task contexts kept creating new preparatory activity patterns. Context-specific memories, as we observed in the motor system, may provide a solution for stable memory storage throughout continual learning. Learning in new contexts produces parallel new representations instead of modifying existing representations, thus protecting existing motor repertoire from erasure.
Collapse
|
9
|
Gardères PM, Le Gal S, Rousseau C, Mamane A, Ganea DA, Haiss F. Coexistence of state, choice, and sensory integration coding in barrel cortex LII/III. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4782. [PMID: 38839747 PMCID: PMC11153558 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49129-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
During perceptually guided decisions, correlates of choice are found as upstream as in the primary sensory areas. However, how well these choice signals align with early sensory representations, a prerequisite for their interpretation as feedforward substrates of perception, remains an open question. We designed a two alternative forced choice task (2AFC) in which male mice compared stimulation frequencies applied to two adjacent vibrissae. The optogenetic silencing of individual columns in the primary somatosensory cortex (wS1) resulted in predicted shifts of psychometric functions, demonstrating that perception depends on focal, early sensory representations. Functional imaging of layer II/III single neurons revealed mixed coding of stimuli, choices and engagement in the task. Neurons with multi-whisker suppression display improved sensory discrimination and had their activity increased during engagement in the task, enhancing selectively representation of the signals relevant to solving the task. From trial to trial, representation of stimuli and choice varied substantially, but mostly orthogonally to each other, suggesting that perceptual variability does not originate from wS1 fluctuations but rather from downstream areas. Together, our results highlight the role of primary sensory areas in forming a reliable sensory substrate that could be used for flexible downstream decision processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Marie Gardères
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unit of Neural Circuits Dynamics and Decision Making, F-75015, Paris, France.
- IZKF Aachen, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Sébastien Le Gal
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unit of Neural Circuits Dynamics and Decision Making, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Charly Rousseau
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unit of Neural Circuits Dynamics and Decision Making, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Mamane
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unit of Neural Circuits Dynamics and Decision Making, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Dan Alin Ganea
- IZKF Aachen, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- University of Basel, Department of Biomedicine, 4001, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florent Haiss
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unit of Neural Circuits Dynamics and Decision Making, F-75015, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vinograd A, Nair A, Linderman SW, Anderson DJ. Intrinsic Dynamics and Neural Implementation of a Hypothalamic Line Attractor Encoding an Internal Behavioral State. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.21.595051. [PMID: 38826298 PMCID: PMC11142118 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.21.595051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Line attractors are emergent population dynamics hypothesized to encode continuous variables such as head direction and internal states. In mammals, direct evidence of neural implementation of a line attractor has been hindered by the challenge of targeting perturbations to specific neurons within contributing ensembles. Estrogen receptor type 1 (Esr1)-expressing neurons in the ventrolateral subdivision of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMHvl) show line attractor dynamics in male mice during fighting. We hypothesized that these dynamics may encode continuous variation in the intensity of an internal aggressive state. Here, we report that these neurons also show line attractor dynamics in head-fixed mice observing aggression. We exploit this finding to identify and perturb line attractor-contributing neurons using 2-photon calcium imaging and holographic optogenetic perturbations. On-manifold perturbations demonstrate that integration and persistent activity are intrinsic properties of these neurons which drive the system along the line attractor, while transient off-manifold perturbations reveal rapid relaxation back into the attractor. Furthermore, stimulation and imaging reveal selective functional connectivity among attractor-contributing neurons. Intriguingly, individual differences among mice in line attractor stability were correlated with the degree of functional connectivity among contributing neurons. Mechanistic modelling indicates that dense subnetwork connectivity and slow neurotransmission are required to explain our empirical findings. Our work bridges circuit and manifold paradigms, shedding light on the intrinsic and operational dynamics of a behaviorally relevant mammalian line attractor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Vinograd
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology; Pasadena, USA
- Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute for Neuroscience Caltech; Pasadena, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Chevy Chase, USA
| | - Aditya Nair
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology; Pasadena, USA
- Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute for Neuroscience Caltech; Pasadena, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Chevy Chase, USA
| | - Scott W. Linderman
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - David J. Anderson
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology; Pasadena, USA
- Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute for Neuroscience Caltech; Pasadena, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Chevy Chase, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
LaFosse PK, Zhou Z, O'Rawe JF, Friedman NG, Scott VM, Deng Y, Histed MH. Single-cell optogenetics reveals attenuation-by-suppression in visual cortical neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.13.557650. [PMID: 37745464 PMCID: PMC10515908 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.13.557650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between neurons' input and spiking output is central to brain computation. Studies in vitro and in anesthetized animals suggest nonlinearities emerge in cells' input-output (activation) functions as network activity increases, yet how neurons transform inputs in vivo has been unclear. Here, we characterize cortical principal neurons' activation functions in awake mice using two-photon optogenetics. We deliver fixed inputs at the soma while neurons' activity varies with sensory stimuli. We find responses to fixed optogenetic input are nearly unchanged as neurons are excited, reflecting a linear response regime above neurons' resting point. In contrast, responses are dramatically attenuated by suppression. This attenuation is a powerful means to filter inputs arriving to suppressed cells, privileging other inputs arriving to excited neurons. These results have two major implications. First, somatic neural activation functions in vivo accord with the activation functions used in recent machine learning systems. Second, neurons' IO functions can filter sensory inputs - not only do sensory stimuli change neurons' spiking outputs, but these changes also affect responses to input, attenuating responses to some inputs while leaving others unchanged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul K LaFosse
- Intramural Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA 20892
- NIH-University of Maryland Graduate Partnerships Program, Bethesda, MD USA 20892
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD USA 20742
| | - Zhishang Zhou
- Intramural Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA 20892
| | - Jonathan F O'Rawe
- Intramural Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA 20892
| | - Nina G Friedman
- Intramural Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA 20892
- NIH-University of Maryland Graduate Partnerships Program, Bethesda, MD USA 20892
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD USA 20742
| | - Victoria M Scott
- Intramural Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA 20892
| | - Yanting Deng
- Intramural Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA 20892
| | - Mark H Histed
- Intramural Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA 20892
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bansal H, Pyari G, Roy S. Theoretical prediction of broadband ambient light optogenetic vision restoration with ChRmine and its mutants. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11642. [PMID: 38773346 PMCID: PMC11109128 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62558-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Vision restoration is one of the most promising applications of optogenetics. However, it is limited due to the poor-sensitivity, slow-kinetics and narrow band absorption spectra of opsins. Here, a detailed theoretical study of retinal ganglion neurons (RGNs) expressed with ChRmine, ReaChR, CoChR, CatCh and their mutants, with near monochromatic LEDs, and broadband sunlight, halogen lamp, RGB LED light, and pure white light sources has been presented. All the opsins exhibit improved light sensitivity and larger photocurrent on illuminating with broadband light sources compared to narrow band LEDs. ChRmine allows firing at ambient sunlight (1.5 nW/mm2) and pure white light (1.2 nW/mm2), which is lowest among the opsins considered. The broadband activation spectrum of ChRmine and its mutants is also useful to restore color sensitivity. Although ChRmine exhibits slower turn-off kinetics with broadband light, high-fidelity spikes can be evoked upto 50 Hz. This limit extends upto 80 Hz with the improved hsChRmine mutant although it requires double the irradiance compared to ChRmine. The present study shows that ChRmine and its mutants allow activation of RGNs with ambient light which is useful for goggle-free white light optogenetic retinal prostheses with improved quality of restored vision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Bansal
- Department of Physics and Computer Science, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra, 282005, India
| | - Gur Pyari
- Department of Physics and Computer Science, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra, 282005, India
| | - Sukhdev Roy
- Department of Physics and Computer Science, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra, 282005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Taniguchi J, Melani R, Chantranupong L, Wen MJ, Mohebi A, Berke JD, Sabatini BL, Tritsch NX. Comment on 'Accumbens cholinergic interneurons dynamically promote dopamine release and enable motivation'. eLife 2024; 13:e95694. [PMID: 38748470 PMCID: PMC11095934 DOI: 10.7554/elife.95694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholine is widely believed to modulate the release of dopamine in the striatum of mammals. Experiments in brain slices clearly show that synchronous activation of striatal cholinergic interneurons is sufficient to drive dopamine release via axo-axonal stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. However, evidence for this mechanism in vivo has been less forthcoming. Mohebi, Collins and Berke recently reported that, in awake behaving rats, optogenetic activation of striatal cholinergic interneurons with blue light readily evokes dopamine release measured with the red fluorescent sensor RdLight1 (Mohebi et al., 2023). Here, we show that blue light alone alters the fluorescent properties of RdLight1 in a manner that may be misconstrued as phasic dopamine release, and that this artefactual photoactivation can account for the effects attributed to cholinergic interneurons. Our findings indicate that measurements of dopamine using the red-shifted fluorescent sensor RdLight1 should be interpreted with caution when combined with optogenetics. In light of this and other publications that did not observe large acetylcholine-evoked dopamine transients in vivo, the conditions under which such release occurs in behaving animals remain unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Taniguchi
- Neuroscience Institute and Fresco Institute for Parkinson's and Movement Disorders, University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Riccardo Melani
- Neuroscience Institute and Fresco Institute for Parkinson's and Movement Disorders, University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Lynne Chantranupong
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Michelle J Wen
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Ali Mohebi
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Joshua D Berke
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Bernardo L Sabatini
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Nicolas X Tritsch
- Neuroscience Institute and Fresco Institute for Parkinson's and Movement Disorders, University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chang JC, Perich MG, Miller LE, Gallego JA, Clopath C. De novo motor learning creates structure in neural activity that shapes adaptation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4084. [PMID: 38744847 PMCID: PMC11094149 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Animals can quickly adapt learned movements to external perturbations, and their existing motor repertoire likely influences their ease of adaptation. Long-term learning causes lasting changes in neural connectivity, which shapes the activity patterns that can be produced during adaptation. Here, we examined how a neural population's existing activity patterns, acquired through de novo learning, affect subsequent adaptation by modeling motor cortical neural population dynamics with recurrent neural networks. We trained networks on different motor repertoires comprising varying numbers of movements, which they acquired following various learning experiences. Networks with multiple movements had more constrained and robust dynamics, which were associated with more defined neural 'structure'-organization in the available population activity patterns. This structure facilitated adaptation, but only when the changes imposed by the perturbation were congruent with the organization of the inputs and the structure in neural activity acquired during de novo learning. These results highlight trade-offs in skill acquisition and demonstrate how different learning experiences can shape the geometrical properties of neural population activity and subsequent adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna C Chang
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew G Perich
- Département de Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Mila, Québec Artificial Intelligence Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Lee E Miller
- Departments of Physiology, Biomedical Engineering and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University and Shirley Ryan Ability Lab, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Juan A Gallego
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Claudia Clopath
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gauld OM, Packer AM, Russell LE, Dalgleish HWP, Iuga M, Sacadura F, Roth A, Clark BA, Häusser M. A latent pool of neurons silenced by sensory-evoked inhibition can be recruited to enhance perception. Neuron 2024:S0896-6273(24)00276-9. [PMID: 38729150 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
To investigate which activity patterns in sensory cortex are relevant for perceptual decision-making, we combined two-photon calcium imaging and targeted two-photon optogenetics to interrogate barrel cortex activity during perceptual discrimination. We trained mice to discriminate bilateral whisker deflections and report decisions by licking left or right. Two-photon calcium imaging revealed sparse coding of contralateral and ipsilateral whisker input in layer 2/3, with most neurons remaining silent during the task. Activating pyramidal neurons using two-photon holographic photostimulation evoked a perceptual bias that scaled with the number of neurons photostimulated. This effect was dominated by optogenetic activation of non-coding neurons, which did not show sensory or motor-related activity during task performance. Photostimulation also revealed potent recruitment of cortical inhibition during sensory processing, which strongly and preferentially suppressed non-coding neurons. Our results suggest that a pool of non-coding neurons, selectively suppressed by network inhibition during sensory processing, can be recruited to enhance perception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver M Gauld
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, University College London, London W1T 4JG, UK.
| | - Adam M Packer
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Lloyd E Russell
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Henry W P Dalgleish
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Maya Iuga
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Francisco Sacadura
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Arnd Roth
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Beverley A Clark
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Michael Häusser
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mocle AJ, Ramsaran AI, Jacob AD, Rashid AJ, Luchetti A, Tran LM, Richards BA, Frankland PW, Josselyn SA. Excitability mediates allocation of pre-configured ensembles to a hippocampal engram supporting contextual conditioned threat in mice. Neuron 2024; 112:1487-1497.e6. [PMID: 38447576 PMCID: PMC11065628 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Little is understood about how engrams, sparse groups of neurons that store memories, are formed endogenously. Here, we combined calcium imaging, activity tagging, and optogenetics to examine the role of neuronal excitability and pre-existing functional connectivity on the allocation of mouse cornu ammonis area 1 (CA1) hippocampal neurons to an engram ensemble supporting a contextual threat memory. Engram neurons (high activity during recall or TRAP2-tagged during training) were more active than non-engram neurons 3 h (but not 24 h to 5 days) before training. Consistent with this, optogenetically inhibiting scFLARE2-tagged neurons active in homecage 3 h, but not 24 h, before conditioning disrupted memory retrieval, indicating that neurons with higher pre-training excitability were allocated to the engram. We also observed stable pre-configured functionally connected sub-ensembles of neurons whose activity cycled over days. Sub-ensembles that were more active before training were allocated to the engram, and their functional connectivity increased at training. Therefore, both neuronal excitability and pre-configured functional connectivity mediate allocation to an engram ensemble.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Mocle
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave., Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Adam I Ramsaran
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave., Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Alexander D Jacob
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave., Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Asim J Rashid
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave., Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Alessandro Luchetti
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave., Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Lina M Tran
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave., Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Vector Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | | | - Paul W Frankland
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave., Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Child & Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Sheena A Josselyn
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave., Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Taguchi T, Kitazono J, Sasai S, Oizumi M. Association of bidirectional network cores in the brain with conscious perception and cognition. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.30.591001. [PMID: 38746271 PMCID: PMC11092575 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.30.591001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The brain comprises a complex network of interacting regions. To understand the roles and mechanisms of this complex network, its structural features related to specific cognitive functions need to be elucidated. Among such relationships, recent developments in neuroscience highlight the link between network bidirectionality and conscious perception. Given the essential roles of both feedforward and feedback signals in conscious perception, it is surmised that subnetworks with bidirectional interactions are critical. However, the link between such subnetworks and conscious perception remains unclear due to the network's complexity. In this study, we propose a framework for extracting subnetworks with strong bidirectional interactions-termed the "cores" of a network-from brain activity. We applied this framework to resting-state and task-based fMRI data to identify regions forming strongly bidirectional cores. We then explored the association of these cores with conscious perception and cognitive functions. The central cores predominantly included cerebral cortical regions, which are crucial for conscious perception, rather than subcortical regions. Furthermore, the cores were composed of previously reported regions in which electrical stimulation altered conscious perception. These results suggest a link between the bidirectional cores and conscious perception. A meta-analysis and comparison of the core structure with a cortical functional connectivity gradient suggested that the central cores were related to lower-order sensorimotor functions. An ablation study emphasized the importance of incorporating bidirectionality, not merely interaction strength for these outcomes. The proposed framework provides novel insight into the roles of network cores with strong bidirectional interactions in conscious perception and lower-order sensorimotor functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Taguchi
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Kitazono
- Graduate School of Data Science, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Masafumi Oizumi
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yokoyama T, Manita S, Uwamori H, Tajiri M, Imayoshi I, Yagishita S, Murayama M, Kitamura K, Sakamoto M. A multicolor suite for deciphering population coding of calcium and cAMP in vivo. Nat Methods 2024; 21:897-907. [PMID: 38514778 PMCID: PMC11093745 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-024-02222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
cAMP is a universal second messenger regulated by various upstream pathways including Ca2+ and G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). To decipher in vivo cAMP dynamics, we rationally designed cAMPinG1, a sensitive genetically encoded green cAMP indicator that outperformed its predecessors in both dynamic range and cAMP affinity. Two-photon cAMPinG1 imaging detected cAMP transients in the somata and dendritic spines of neurons in the mouse visual cortex on the order of tens of seconds. In addition, multicolor imaging with a sensitive red Ca2+ indicator RCaMP3 allowed simultaneous measurement of population patterns in Ca2+ and cAMP in hundreds of neurons. We found Ca2+-related cAMP responses that represented specific information, such as direction selectivity in vision and locomotion, as well as GPCR-related cAMP responses. Overall, our multicolor suite will facilitate analysis of the interaction between the Ca2+, GPCR and cAMP signaling at single-cell resolution both in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsushi Yokoyama
- Department of Optical Neural and Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- Center for Living Systems Information Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- Department of Brain Development and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- Laboratory of Deconstruction of Stem Cells, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Manita
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Uwamori
- Laboratory for Haptic Perception and Cognitive Physiology, Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mio Tajiri
- Department of Structural Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Itaru Imayoshi
- Center for Living Systems Information Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Brain Development and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Deconstruction of Stem Cells, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sho Yagishita
- Department of Structural Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Murayama
- Laboratory for Haptic Perception and Cognitive Physiology, Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kitamura
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sakamoto
- Department of Optical Neural and Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- Center for Living Systems Information Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- Department of Brain Development and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- Laboratory of Deconstruction of Stem Cells, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kyoto, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hillebrandt S, Moon CK, Taal AJ, Overhauser H, Shepard KL, Gather MC. High-Density Integration of Ultrabright OLEDs on a Miniaturized Needle-Shaped CMOS Backplane. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2300578. [PMID: 37470219 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Direct deposition of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) on silicon-based complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) chips has enabled self-emissive microdisplays with high resolution and fill-factor. Emerging applications of OLEDs in augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR) displays and in biomedical applications, e.g., as brain implants for cell-specific light delivery in optogenetics, require light intensities orders of magnitude above those found in traditional displays. Further requirements often include a microscopic device footprint, a specific shape and ultrastable passivation, e.g., to ensure biocompatibility and minimal invasiveness of OLED-based implants. In this work, up to 1024 ultrabright, microscopic OLEDs are deposited directly on needle-shaped CMOS chips. Transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy are performed on the foundry-provided aluminum contact pads of the CMOS chips to guide a systematic optimization of the contacts. Plasma treatment and implementation of silver interlayers lead to ohmic contact conditions and thus facilitate direct vacuum deposition of orange- and blue-emitting OLED stacks leading to micrometer-sized pixels on the chips. The electronics in each needle allow each pixel to switch individually. The OLED pixels generate a mean optical power density of 0.25 mW mm-2, corresponding to >40 000 cd m-2, well above the requirement for daylight AR applications and optogenetic single-unit activation in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Hillebrandt
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
- Humboldt Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 4-6, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Chang-Ki Moon
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
- Humboldt Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 4-6, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Malte C Gather
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
- Humboldt Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 4-6, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chen C, Altafi M, Corbu MA, Trenk A, van den Munkhof H, Weineck K, Bender F, Carus-Cadavieco M, Bakhareva A, Korotkova T, Ponomarenko A. The dynamic state of a prefrontal-hypothalamic-midbrain circuit commands behavioral transitions. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:952-963. [PMID: 38499854 PMCID: PMC11089001 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01598-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Innate behaviors meet multiple needs adaptively and in a serial order, suggesting the existence of a hitherto elusive brain dynamics that brings together representations of upcoming behaviors during their selection. Here we show that during behavioral transitions, possible upcoming behaviors are encoded by specific signatures of neuronal populations in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) that are active near beta oscillation peaks. Optogenetic recruitment of intrahypothalamic inhibition at this phase eliminates behavioral transitions. We show that transitions are elicited by beta-rhythmic inputs from the prefrontal cortex that spontaneously synchronize with LH 'transition cells' encoding multiple behaviors. Downstream of the LH, dopamine neurons increase firing during beta oscillations and also encode behavioral transitions. Thus, a hypothalamic transition state signals alternative future behaviors, encodes the one most likely to be selected and enables rapid coordination with cognitive and reward-processing circuitries, commanding adaptive social contact and eating behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changwan Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Systems Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne/University Clinic Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mahsa Altafi
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mihaela-Anca Corbu
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Systems Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne/University Clinic Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Trenk
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Hanna van den Munkhof
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Systems Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne/University Clinic Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kristin Weineck
- Behavioural Neurodynamics Group, Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP)/NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Bender
- Behavioural Neurodynamics Group, Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP)/NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marta Carus-Cadavieco
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Behavioural Neurodynamics Group, Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP)/NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alisa Bakhareva
- Institute for Systems Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne/University Clinic Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tatiana Korotkova
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.
- Institute for Systems Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne/University Clinic Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Alexey Ponomarenko
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
- Behavioural Neurodynamics Group, Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP)/NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ocklenburg S, Guo ZV. Cross-hemispheric communication: Insights on lateralized brain functions. Neuron 2024; 112:1222-1234. [PMID: 38458199 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
On the surface, the two hemispheres of vertebrate brains look almost perfectly symmetrical, but several motor, sensory, and cognitive systems show a deeply lateralized organization. Importantly, the two hemispheres are connected by various commissures, white matter tracts that cross the brain's midline and enable cross-hemispheric communication. Cross-hemispheric communication has been suggested to play an important role in the emergence of lateralized brain functions. Here, we review current advances in understanding cross-hemispheric communication that have been made using modern neuroscientific tools in rodents and other model species, such as genetic labeling, large-scale recordings of neuronal activity, spatiotemporally precise perturbation, and quantitative behavior analyses. These findings suggest that the emergence of lateralized brain functions cannot be fully explained by largely static factors such as genetic variation and differences in structural brain asymmetries. In addition, learning-dependent asymmetric interactions between the left and right hemispheres shape lateralized brain functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ocklenburg
- Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; ICAN Institute for Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Zengcai V Guo
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pérez-Ortega J, Akrouh A, Yuste R. Stimulus encoding by specific inactivation of cortical neurons. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3192. [PMID: 38609354 PMCID: PMC11015011 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47515-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuronal ensembles are groups of neurons with correlated activity associated with sensory, motor, and behavioral functions. To explore how ensembles encode information, we investigated responses of visual cortical neurons in awake mice using volumetric two-photon calcium imaging during visual stimulation. We identified neuronal ensembles employing an unsupervised model-free algorithm and, besides neurons activated by the visual stimulus (termed "onsemble"), we also find neurons that are specifically inactivated (termed "offsemble"). Offsemble neurons showed faster calcium decay during stimuli, suggesting selective inhibition. In response to visual stimuli, each ensemble (onsemble+offsemble) exhibited small trial-to-trial variability, high orientation selectivity, and superior predictive accuracy for visual stimulus orientation, surpassing the sum of individual neuron activity. Thus, the combined selective activation and inactivation of cortical neurons enhances visual encoding as an emergent and distributed neural code.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Pérez-Ortega
- Neurotechnology Center, Dept. Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
| | - Alejandro Akrouh
- Neurotechnology Center, Dept. Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Rafael Yuste
- Neurotechnology Center, Dept. Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dwivedi D, Dumontier D, Sherer M, Lin S, Mirow AM, Qiu Y, Xu Q, Liebman SA, Joseph D, Datta SR, Fishell G, Pouchelon G. Metabotropic signaling within somatostatin interneurons controls transient thalamocortical inputs during development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.21.558862. [PMID: 37790336 PMCID: PMC10542166 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.21.558862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
During brain development, neural circuits undergo major activity-dependent restructuring. Circuit wiring mainly occurs through synaptic strengthening following the Hebbian "fire together, wire together" precept. However, select connections, essential for circuit development, are transient. They are effectively connected early in development, but strongly diminish during maturation. The mechanisms by which transient connectivity recedes are unknown. To investigate this process, we characterize transient thalamocortical inputs, which depress onto somatostatin inhibitory interneurons during development, by employing optogenetics, chemogenetics, transcriptomics and CRISPR-based strategies. We demonstrate that in contrast to typical activity-dependent mechanisms, transient thalamocortical connectivity onto somatostatin interneurons is non-canonical and involves metabotropic signaling. Specifically, metabotropic-mediated transcription, of guidance molecules in particular, supports the elimination of this connectivity. Remarkably, we found that this developmental process impacts the development of normal exploratory behaviors of adult mice.
Collapse
|
24
|
Björefeldt A, Murphy J, Crespo EL, Lambert GG, Prakash M, Ikefuama EC, Friedman N, Brown TM, Lipscombe D, Moore CI, Hochgeschwender U, Shaner NC. Efficient opto- and chemogenetic control in a single molecule driven by FRET-modified bioluminescence. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:021005. [PMID: 38450294 PMCID: PMC10917299 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.2.021005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Significance Bioluminescent optogenetics (BL-OG) offers a unique and powerful approach to manipulate neural activity both opto- and chemogenetically using a single actuator molecule (a LuMinOpsin, LMO). Aim To further enhance the utility of BL-OG by improving the efficacy of chemogenetic (bioluminescence-driven) LMO activation. Approach We developed novel luciferases optimized for Förster resonance energy transfer when fused to the fluorescent protein mNeonGreen, generating bright bioluminescent (BL) emitters spectrally tuned to Volvox Channelrhodopsin 1 (VChR1). Results A new LMO generated from this approach (LMO7) showed significantly stronger BL-driven opsin activation compared to previous and other new variants. We extensively benchmarked LMO7 against LMO3 (current standard) and found significantly stronger neuronal activity modulation ex vivo and in vivo, and efficient modulation of behavior. Conclusions We report a robust new option for achieving multiple modes of control in a single actuator and a promising engineering strategy for continued improvement of BL-OG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Björefeldt
- Central Michigan University, College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, United States
- Brown University, Department of Neuroscience, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
- University of Gothenburg, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jeremy Murphy
- Brown University, Department of Neuroscience, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
| | - Emmanuel L. Crespo
- Central Michigan University, College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, United States
- Central Michigan University, Biochemistry, Cell, and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, United States
| | - Gerard G. Lambert
- University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Neurosciences, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Mansi Prakash
- Central Michigan University, College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, United States
| | - Ebenezer C. Ikefuama
- Central Michigan University, College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, United States
- Central Michigan University, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, United States
| | - Nina Friedman
- Brown University, Department of Neuroscience, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
| | - Tariq M. Brown
- Central Michigan University, College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, United States
| | - Diane Lipscombe
- Brown University, Carney Institute for Brain Science, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
| | - Christopher I. Moore
- Brown University, Carney Institute for Brain Science, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
| | - Ute Hochgeschwender
- Central Michigan University, College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, United States
- Central Michigan University, Biochemistry, Cell, and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, United States
- Central Michigan University, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, United States
| | - Nathan C. Shaner
- University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Neurosciences, La Jolla, California, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Slaviero AN, Gorantla N, Simkins J, Crespo EL, Ikefuama EC, Tree MO, Prakash M, Björefeldt A, Barnett LM, Lambert GG, Lipscombe D, Moore CI, Shaner NC, Hochgeschwender U. Engineering luminopsins with improved coupling efficiencies. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:024208. [PMID: 38559366 PMCID: PMC10980360 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.2.024208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Significance Luminopsins (LMOs) are bioluminescent-optogenetic tools with a luciferase fused to an opsin that allow bimodal control of neurons by providing both optogenetic and chemogenetic access. Determining which design features contribute to the efficacy of LMOs will be beneficial for further improving LMOs for use in research. Aim We investigated the relative impact of luciferase brightness, opsin sensitivity, pairing of emission and absorption wavelength, and arrangement of moieties on the function of LMOs. Approach We quantified efficacy of LMOs through whole cell patch clamp recordings in HEK293 cells by determining coupling efficiency, the percentage of maximum LED induced photocurrent achieved with bioluminescent activation of an opsin. We confirmed key results by multielectrode array recordings in primary neurons. Results Luciferase brightness and opsin sensitivity had the most impact on the efficacy of LMOs, and N-terminal fusions of luciferases to opsins performed better than C-terminal and multi-terminal fusions. Precise paring of luciferase emission and opsin absorption spectra appeared to be less critical. Conclusions Whole cell patch clamp recordings allowed us to quantify the impact of different characteristics of LMOs on their function. Our results suggest that coupling brighter bioluminescent sources to more sensitive opsins will improve LMO function. As bioluminescent activation of opsins is most likely based on Förster resonance energy transfer, the most effective strategy for improving LMOs further will be molecular evolution of luciferase-fluorescent protein-opsin fusions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N. Slaviero
- Central Michigan University, College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, United States
- Central Michigan University, Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, United States
| | - Nipun Gorantla
- Central Michigan University, College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, United States
| | - Jacob Simkins
- Central Michigan University, College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, United States
| | - Emmanuel L. Crespo
- Central Michigan University, College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, United States
- Central Michigan University, Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, United States
| | - Ebenezer C. Ikefuama
- Central Michigan University, College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, United States
- Central Michigan University, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, United States
| | - Maya O. Tree
- Central Michigan University, College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, United States
| | - Mansi Prakash
- Central Michigan University, College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, United States
| | - Andreas Björefeldt
- Central Michigan University, College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, United States
| | - Lauren M. Barnett
- University of California San Diego, Department of Neurosciences, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Gerard G. Lambert
- University of California San Diego, Department of Neurosciences, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Diane Lipscombe
- Brown University, Carney Institute for Brain Science, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
| | - Christopher I. Moore
- Brown University, Carney Institute for Brain Science, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
| | - Nathan C. Shaner
- University of California San Diego, Department of Neurosciences, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Ute Hochgeschwender
- Central Michigan University, College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, United States
- Central Michigan University, Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, United States
- Central Michigan University, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Akemann W, Bourdieu L. Acousto-optic holography for pseudo-two-dimensional dynamic light patterning. APL PHOTONICS 2024; 9:046103. [PMID: 38601951 PMCID: PMC11003399 DOI: 10.1063/5.0185857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Optical systems use acousto-optic deflectors (AODs) mostly for fast angular scanning and spectral filtering of laser beams. However, AODs may transform laser light in much broader ways. When time-locked to the pulsing of low repetition rate laser amplifiers, AODs permit the holographic reconstruction of 1D and pseudo-two-dimensional (ps2D) intensity objects of rectangular shape by controlling the amplitude and phase of the light field at high (20-200 kHz) rates for microscopic light patterning. Using iterative Fourier transformations (IFTs), we searched for AOD-compatible holograms to reconstruct the given ps2D target patterns through either phase-only or complex light field modulation. We previously showed that phase-only holograms can adequately render grid-like patterns of diffraction-limited points with non-overlapping diffraction orders, while side lobes to the target pattern can be cured with an apodization mask. Dense target patterns, in contrast, are typically encumbered by apodization-resistant speckle noise. Here, we show the denoised rendering of dense ps2D objects by complex acousto-optic holograms deriving from simultaneous optimization of the amplitude and phase of the light field. Target patterns lacking ps2D symmetry, although not translatable into single holograms, were accessed by serial holography based on a segregation into ps2D-compatible components. The holograms retrieved under different regularizations were experimentally validated in an AOD random-access microscope. IFT regularizations characterized in this work extend the versatility of acousto-optic holography for fast dynamic light patterning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurent Bourdieu
- Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Liu C, Hao Y, Lei B, Zhong Y, Kong L. Removing crosstalk signals in neuron activity by time multiplexed excitations in a two-photon all-optical physiology system. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:2708-2718. [PMID: 38633062 PMCID: PMC11019693 DOI: 10.1364/boe.521047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The two-photon all-optical physiology system has attracted great interest in deciphering neuronal circuits in vivo, benefiting from its advantages in recording and modulating neuronal activities at single neuron resolutions. However, the interference, or crosstalk, between the imaging and photostimulation beams introduces a significant challenge and may impede the future application of voltage indicators in two-photon all-optical physiology system. Here, we propose the time multiplexed excitation method to distinguish signals from neuronal activities and crosstalks from photostimulation. In our system, the laser pulses of the imaging beam and photostimulation beam are synchronized, and a time delay is introduced into these pulses to separate the fluorescence signal generated by these two beams. We demonstrate the efficacy of our system in eliminating crosstalk signals from photostimulation and evaluate its influence on both genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) and genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) through in vivo experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuejun Hao
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bo Lei
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lingjie Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lorca-Cámara A, Tourain C, de Sars V, Emiliani V, Accanto N. Multicolor two-photon light-patterning microscope exploiting the spatio-temporal properties of a fiber bundle. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:2094-2109. [PMID: 38633065 PMCID: PMC11019707 DOI: 10.1364/boe.507690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The development of efficient genetically encoded indicators and actuators has opened up the possibility of reading and manipulating neuronal activity in living tissues with light. To achieve precise and reconfigurable targeting of large numbers of neurons with single-cell resolution within arbitrary volumes, different groups have recently developed all-optical strategies based on two-photon excitation and spatio-temporal shaping of ultrashort laser pulses. However, such techniques are often complex to set up and typically operate at a single wavelength only. To address these issues, we have developed a novel optical approach that uses a fiber bundle and a spatial light modulator to achieve simple and dual-color two-photon light patterning in three dimensions. By leveraging the core-to-core temporal delay and the wavelength-independent divergence characteristics of fiber bundles, we have demonstrated the capacity to generate high-resolution excitation spots in a 3D region with two distinct laser wavelengths simultaneously, offering a suitable and simple alternative for precise multicolor cell targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christophe Tourain
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Vincent de Sars
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Valentina Emiliani
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Nicolò Accanto
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yuste R, Cossart R, Yaksi E. Neuronal ensembles: Building blocks of neural circuits. Neuron 2024; 112:875-892. [PMID: 38262413 PMCID: PMC10957317 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Neuronal ensembles, defined as groups of neurons displaying recurring patterns of coordinated activity, represent an intermediate functional level between individual neurons and brain areas. Novel methods to measure and optically manipulate the activity of neuronal populations have provided evidence of ensembles in the neocortex and hippocampus. Ensembles can be activated intrinsically or in response to sensory stimuli and play a causal role in perception and behavior. Here we review ensemble phenomenology, developmental origin, biophysical and synaptic mechanisms, and potential functional roles across different brain areas and species, including humans. As modular units of neural circuits, ensembles could provide a mechanistic underpinning of fundamental brain processes, including neural coding, motor planning, decision-making, learning, and adaptability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Yuste
- NeuroTechnology Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Rosa Cossart
- Inserm, INMED, Turing Center for Living Systems Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
| | - Emre Yaksi
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Stilgoe A, Favre-Bulle IA, Watson ML, Gomez-Godinez V, Berns MW, Preece D, Rubinsztein-Dunlop H. Shining Light in Mechanobiology: Optical Tweezers, Scissors, and Beyond. ACS PHOTONICS 2024; 11:917-940. [PMID: 38523746 PMCID: PMC10958612 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.4c00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Mechanobiology helps us to decipher cell and tissue functions by looking at changes in their mechanical properties that contribute to development, cell differentiation, physiology, and disease. Mechanobiology sits at the interface of biology, physics and engineering. One of the key technologies that enables characterization of properties of cells and tissue is microscopy. Combining microscopy with other quantitative measurement techniques such as optical tweezers and scissors, gives a very powerful tool for unraveling the intricacies of mechanobiology enabling measurement of forces, torques and displacements at play. We review the field of some light based studies of mechanobiology and optical detection of signal transduction ranging from optical micromanipulation-optical tweezers and scissors, advanced fluorescence techniques and optogenentics. In the current perspective paper, we concentrate our efforts on elucidating interesting measurements of forces, torques, positions, viscoelastic properties, and optogenetics inside and outside a cell attained when using structured light in combination with optical tweezers and scissors. We give perspective on the field concentrating on the use of structured light in imaging in combination with tweezers and scissors pointing out how novel developments in quantum imaging in combination with tweezers and scissors can bring to this fast growing field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander
B. Stilgoe
- School of
Mathematics and Physics, The University
of Queensland, Brisbane, 4074, Australia
- ARC
CoE for Engineered Quantum Systems, The
University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4074, Australia
- ARC
CoE in Quantum Biotechnology, The University
of Queensland, 4074, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Itia A. Favre-Bulle
- School of
Mathematics and Physics, The University
of Queensland, Brisbane, 4074, Australia
- Queensland
Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4074, Australia
| | - Mark L. Watson
- School of
Mathematics and Physics, The University
of Queensland, Brisbane, 4074, Australia
- ARC
CoE for Engineered Quantum Systems, The
University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4074, Australia
| | - Veronica Gomez-Godinez
- Institute
of Engineering and Medicine, University
of California San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Michael W. Berns
- Institute
of Engineering and Medicine, University
of California San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, United States
- Beckman
Laser Institute, University of California
Irvine, Irvine, California 92612, United States
| | - Daryl Preece
- Beckman
Laser Institute, University of California
Irvine, Irvine, California 92612, United States
| | - Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop
- School of
Mathematics and Physics, The University
of Queensland, Brisbane, 4074, Australia
- ARC
CoE for Engineered Quantum Systems, The
University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4074, Australia
- ARC
CoE in Quantum Biotechnology, The University
of Queensland, 4074, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Russell LE, Fişek M, Yang Z, Tan LP, Packer AM, Dalgleish HWP, Chettih SN, Harvey CD, Häusser M. The influence of cortical activity on perception depends on behavioral state and sensory context. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2456. [PMID: 38503769 PMCID: PMC10951313 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46484-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic link between neural circuit activity and behavior remains unclear. While manipulating cortical activity can bias certain behaviors and elicit artificial percepts, some tasks can still be solved when cortex is silenced or removed. Here, mice were trained to perform a visual detection task during which we selectively targeted groups of visually responsive and co-tuned neurons in L2/3 of primary visual cortex (V1) for two-photon photostimulation. The influence of photostimulation was conditional on two key factors: the behavioral state of the animal and the contrast of the visual stimulus. The detection of low-contrast stimuli was enhanced by photostimulation, while the detection of high-contrast stimuli was suppressed, but crucially, only when mice were highly engaged in the task. When mice were less engaged, our manipulations of cortical activity had no effect on behavior. The behavioral changes were linked to specific changes in neuronal activity. The responses of non-photostimulated neurons in the local network were also conditional on two factors: their functional similarity to the photostimulated neurons and the contrast of the visual stimulus. Functionally similar neurons were increasingly suppressed by photostimulation with increasing visual stimulus contrast, correlating with the change in behavior. Our results show that the influence of cortical activity on perception is not fixed, but dynamically and contextually modulated by behavioral state, ongoing activity and the routing of information through specific circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd E Russell
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mehmet Fişek
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Zidan Yang
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lynn Pei Tan
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Adam M Packer
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Henry W P Dalgleish
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Michael Häusser
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Paniccia JE, Vollmer KM, Green LM, Grant RI, Winston KT, Buchmaier S, Westphal AM, Clarke RE, Doncheck EM, Bordieanu B, Manusky LM, Martino MR, Ward AL, Rinker JA, McGinty JF, Scofield MD, Otis JM. Restoration of a paraventricular thalamo-accumbal behavioral suppression circuit prevents reinstatement of heroin seeking. Neuron 2024; 112:772-785.e9. [PMID: 38141605 PMCID: PMC10939883 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Lack of behavioral suppression typifies substance use disorders, yet the neural circuit underpinnings of drug-induced behavioral disinhibition remain unclear. Here, we employ deep-brain two-photon calcium imaging in heroin self-administering mice, longitudinally tracking adaptations within a paraventricular thalamus to nucleus accumbens behavioral inhibition circuit from the onset of heroin use to reinstatement. We find that select thalamo-accumbal neuronal ensembles become profoundly hypoactive across the development of heroin seeking and use. Electrophysiological experiments further reveal persistent adaptations at thalamo-accumbal parvalbumin interneuronal synapses, whereas functional rescue of these synapses prevents multiple triggers from initiating reinstatement of heroin seeking. Finally, we find an enrichment of μ-opioid receptors in output- and cell-type-specific paraventricular thalamic neurons, which provide a mechanism for heroin-induced synaptic plasticity and behavioral disinhibition. These findings reveal key circuit adaptations that underlie behavioral disinhibition in opioid dependence and further suggest that recovery of this system would reduce relapse susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline E Paniccia
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Anesthesia & Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Kelsey M Vollmer
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Lisa M Green
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Roger I Grant
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Kion T Winston
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Sophie Buchmaier
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Annaka M Westphal
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Anesthesia & Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Rachel E Clarke
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Anesthesia & Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Doncheck
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Bogdan Bordieanu
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Logan M Manusky
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Michael R Martino
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Amy L Ward
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Jennifer A Rinker
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Jacqueline F McGinty
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Michael D Scofield
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Anesthesia & Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - James M Otis
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Ralph Johnson Veterans Administration, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Jiang-Xie LF, Drieu A, Bhasiin K, Quintero D, Smirnov I, Kipnis J. Neuronal dynamics direct cerebrospinal fluid perfusion and brain clearance. Nature 2024; 627:157-164. [PMID: 38418877 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07108-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The accumulation of metabolic waste is a leading cause of numerous neurological disorders, yet we still have only limited knowledge of how the brain performs self-cleansing. Here we demonstrate that neural networks synchronize individual action potentials to create large-amplitude, rhythmic and self-perpetuating ionic waves in the interstitial fluid of the brain. These waves are a plausible mechanism to explain the correlated potentiation of the glymphatic flow1,2 through the brain parenchyma. Chemogenetic flattening of these high-energy ionic waves largely impeded cerebrospinal fluid infiltration into and clearance of molecules from the brain parenchyma. Notably, synthesized waves generated through transcranial optogenetic stimulation substantially potentiated cerebrospinal fluid-to-interstitial fluid perfusion. Our study demonstrates that neurons serve as master organizers for brain clearance. This fundamental principle introduces a new theoretical framework for the functioning of macroscopic brain waves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Feng Jiang-Xie
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Antoine Drieu
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kesshni Bhasiin
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel Quintero
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Igor Smirnov
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jonathan Kipnis
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kuan AT, Bondanelli G, Driscoll LN, Han J, Kim M, Hildebrand DGC, Graham BJ, Wilson DE, Thomas LA, Panzeri S, Harvey CD, Lee WCA. Synaptic wiring motifs in posterior parietal cortex support decision-making. Nature 2024; 627:367-373. [PMID: 38383788 PMCID: PMC11162200 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07088-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The posterior parietal cortex exhibits choice-selective activity during perceptual decision-making tasks1-10. However, it is not known how this selective activity arises from the underlying synaptic connectivity. Here we combined virtual-reality behaviour, two-photon calcium imaging, high-throughput electron microscopy and circuit modelling to analyse how synaptic connectivity between neurons in the posterior parietal cortex relates to their selective activity. We found that excitatory pyramidal neurons preferentially target inhibitory interneurons with the same selectivity. In turn, inhibitory interneurons preferentially target pyramidal neurons with opposite selectivity, forming an opponent inhibition motif. This motif was present even between neurons with activity peaks in different task epochs. We developed neural-circuit models of the computations performed by these motifs, and found that opponent inhibition between neural populations with opposite selectivity amplifies selective inputs, thereby improving the encoding of trial-type information. The models also predict that opponent inhibition between neurons with activity peaks in different task epochs contributes to creating choice-specific sequential activity. These results provide evidence for how synaptic connectivity in cortical circuits supports a learned decision-making task.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Kuan
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Giulio Bondanelli
- Neural Computation Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Excellence for Neural Information Processing, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura N Driscoll
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Allen Institute for Neural Dynamics, Allen Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Julie Han
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern University, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Minsu Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David G C Hildebrand
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Neural Systems, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brett J Graham
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel E Wilson
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Logan A Thomas
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Stefano Panzeri
- Neural Computation Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy.
- Department of Excellence for Neural Information Processing, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany.
| | | | - Wei-Chung Allen Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wang Y, Ye L. The Afferent Function of Adipose Innervation. Diabetes 2024; 73:348-354. [PMID: 38377447 PMCID: PMC10882147 DOI: 10.2337/dbi23-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Adipose tissue innervation is critical for regulating metabolic and energy homeostasis. While the sympathetic efferent innervation of fat is well characterized, the role of sensory or afferent innervation remains less explored. This article reviews previous work on adipose innervation and recent advances in the study of sensory innervation of adipose tissues. We discuss key open questions, including the physiological implications of adipose afferents in homeostasis as well as potential cross talk with sympathetic neurons, the immune system, and hormonal pathways. We also outline the general technical challenges of studying dorsal root ganglia innervating fat, along with emerging technologies that may overcome these barriers. Finally, we highlight areas for further research to deepen our understanding of the afferent function of adipose innervation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Li Ye
- Department of Neuroscience and Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Jared Ramirez Sanchez L, Li B. Driving valence-specific behavior through single-cell resolution control in the amygdala. Neuron 2024; 112:521-523. [PMID: 38387436 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
In this issue of Neuron, Piantadosi et al.1 demonstrate that by precisely controlling the activity of individual negative-valence neurons and positive-valence neurons in the basolateral amygdala, one can alter animals' appetitive or aversive responses, respectively, establishing a causal role of these neurons in valence-specific behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bo Li
- School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Piantadosi SC, Zhou ZC, Pizzano C, Pedersen CE, Nguyen TK, Thai S, Stuber GD, Bruchas MR. Holographic stimulation of opposing amygdala ensembles bidirectionally modulates valence-specific behavior via mutual inhibition. Neuron 2024; 112:593-610.e5. [PMID: 38086375 PMCID: PMC10984369 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is an evolutionarily conserved brain region, well known for valence processing. Despite this central role, the relationship between activity of BLA neuronal ensembles in response to appetitive and aversive stimuli and the subsequent expression of valence-specific behavior has remained elusive. Here, we leverage two-photon calcium imaging combined with single-cell holographic photostimulation through an endoscopic lens to demonstrate a direct causal role for opposing ensembles of BLA neurons in the control of oppositely valenced behavior in mice. We report that targeted photostimulation of either appetitive or aversive BLA ensembles results in mutual inhibition and shifts behavioral responses to promote consumption of an aversive tastant or reduce consumption of an appetitive tastant, respectively. Here, we identify that neuronal encoding of valence in the BLA is graded and relies on the relative proportion of individual BLA neurons recruited in a stable appetitive or quinine ensemble.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean C Piantadosi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zhe Charles Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carina Pizzano
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christian E Pedersen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tammy K Nguyen
- Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sarah Thai
- Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Garret D Stuber
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael R Bruchas
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sun C, Fan Q, Xie R, Luo C, Hu B, Wang Q. Tetherless Optical Neuromodulation: Wavelength from Orange-red to Mid-infrared. Neurosci Bull 2024:10.1007/s12264-024-01179-1. [PMID: 38372931 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-024-01179-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Optogenetics, a technique that employs light for neuromodulation, has revolutionized the study of neural mechanisms and the treatment of neurological disorders due to its high spatiotemporal resolution and cell-type specificity. However, visible light, particularly blue and green light, commonly used in conventional optogenetics, has limited penetration in biological tissue. This limitation necessitates the implantation of optical fibers for light delivery, especially in deep brain regions, leading to tissue damage and experimental constraints. To overcome these challenges, the use of orange-red and infrared light with greater tissue penetration has emerged as a promising approach for tetherless optical neuromodulation. In this review, we provide an overview of the development and applications of tetherless optical neuromodulation methods with long wavelengths. We first discuss the exploration of orange-red wavelength-responsive rhodopsins and their performance in tetherless optical neuromodulation. Then, we summarize two novel tetherless neuromodulation methods using near-infrared light: upconversion nanoparticle-mediated optogenetics and photothermal neuromodulation. In addition, we discuss recent advances in mid-infrared optical neuromodulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics (XIOPM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Spectroscopy of Xi'an, Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology, XIOPM, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Qi Fan
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics (XIOPM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Spectroscopy of Xi'an, Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology, XIOPM, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Rougang Xie
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ceng Luo
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Bingliang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Spectroscopy of Xi'an, Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology, XIOPM, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics (XIOPM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Spectroscopy of Xi'an, Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology, XIOPM, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Pospisil DA, Aragon MJ, Dorkenwald S, Matsliah A, Sterling AR, Schlegel P, Yu SC, McKellar CE, Costa M, Eichler K, Jefferis GSXE, Murthy M, Pillow JW. From connectome to effectome: learning the causal interaction map of the fly brain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.31.564922. [PMID: 37961285 PMCID: PMC10635032 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.31.564922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
A long-standing goal of neuroscience is to obtain a causal model of the nervous system. This would allow neuroscientists to explain animal behavior in terms of the dynamic interactions between neurons. The recently reported whole-brain fly connectome [1-7] specifies the synaptic paths by which neurons can affect each other but not whether, or how, they do affect each other in vivo. To overcome this limitation, we introduce a novel combined experimental and statistical strategy for efficiently learning a causal model of the fly brain, which we refer to as the "effectome". Specifically, we propose an estimator for a dynamical systems model of the fly brain that uses stochastic optogenetic perturbation data to accurately estimate causal effects and the connectome as a prior to drastically improve estimation efficiency. We then analyze the connectome to propose circuits that have the greatest total effect on the dynamics of the fly nervous system. We discover that, fortunately, the dominant circuits significantly involve only relatively small populations of neurons-thus imaging, stimulation, and neuronal identification are feasible. Intriguingly, we find that this approach also re-discovers known circuits and generates testable hypotheses about their dynamics. Overall, our analyses of the connectome provide evidence that global dynamics of the fly brain are generated by a large collection of small and often anatomically localized circuits operating, largely, independently of each other. This in turn implies that a causal model of a brain, a principal goal of systems neuroscience, can be feasibly obtained in the fly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dean A Pospisil
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Max J Aragon
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Sven Dorkenwald
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Computer Science Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Arie Matsliah
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Amy R Sterling
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Philipp Schlegel
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
- Drosophila Connectomics Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Szi-Chieh Yu
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Claire E McKellar
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Marta Costa
- Drosophila Connectomics Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katharina Eichler
- Drosophila Connectomics Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gregory S X E Jefferis
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
- Drosophila Connectomics Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mala Murthy
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Jonathan W Pillow
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Portero V, Deng S, Boink GJJ, Zhang GQ, de Vries A, Pijnappels DA. Optoelectronic control of cardiac rhythm: Toward shock-free ambulatory cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. J Intern Med 2024; 295:126-145. [PMID: 37964404 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia, progressive in nature, and known to have a negative impact on mortality, morbidity, and quality of life. Patients requiring acute termination of AF to restore sinus rhythm are subjected to electrical cardioversion, which requires sedation and therefore hospitalization due to pain resulting from the electrical shocks. However, considering the progressive nature of AF and its detrimental effects, there is a clear need for acute out-of-hospital (i.e., ambulatory) cardioversion of AF. In the search for shock-free cardioversion methods to realize such ambulatory therapy, a method referred to as optogenetics has been put forward. Optogenetics enables optical control over the electrical activity of cardiomyocytes by targeted expression of light-activated ion channels or pumps and may therefore serve as a means for cardioversion. First proof-of-principle for such light-induced cardioversion came from in vitro studies, proving optogenetic AF termination to be very effective. Later, these results were confirmed in various rodent models of AF using different transgenes, illumination methods, and protocols, whereas computational studies in the human heart provided additional translational insight. Based on these results and fueled by recent advances in molecular biology, gene therapy, and optoelectronic engineering, a basis is now being formed to explore clinical translations of optoelectronic control of cardiac rhythm. In this review, we discuss the current literature regarding optogenetic cardioversion of AF to restore normal rhythm in a shock-free manner. Moreover, key translational steps will be discussed, both from a biological and technological point of view, to outline a path toward realizing acute shock-free ambulatory termination of AF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Portero
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Shanliang Deng
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Microelectronics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard J J Boink
- Department of Medical Biology, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guo Qi Zhang
- Department of Microelectronics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Antoine de Vries
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daniël A Pijnappels
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Rabinowitch I, Colón-Ramos DA, Krieg M. Understanding neural circuit function through synaptic engineering. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:131-139. [PMID: 38172626 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00777-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Synapses are a key component of neural circuits, facilitating rapid and specific signalling between neurons. Synaptic engineering - the synthetic insertion of new synaptic connections into in vivo neural circuits - is an emerging approach for neural circuit interrogation. This approach is especially powerful for establishing causality in neural circuit structure-function relationships, for emulating synaptic plasticity and for exploring novel patterns of circuit connectivity. Contrary to other approaches for neural circuit manipulation, synaptic engineering targets specific connections between neurons and functions autonomously with no user-controlled external activation. Synaptic engineering has been successfully implemented in several systems and in different forms, including electrical synapses constructed from ectopically expressed connexin gap junction proteins, synthetic optical synapses composed of presynaptic photon-emitting luciferase coupled with postsynaptic light-gated channels, and artificial neuropeptide signalling pathways. This Perspective describes these different methods and how they have been applied, and examines how the field may advance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ithai Rabinowitch
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Daniel A Colón-Ramos
- Wu Tsai Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael Krieg
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Taniguchi J, Melani R, Chantranupong L, Wen MJ, Mohebi A, Berke J, Sabatini B, Tritsch N. Comment on 'Accumbens cholinergic interneurons dynamically promote dopamine release and enable motivation'. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.27.573485. [PMID: 38260459 PMCID: PMC10802245 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.27.573485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Acetylcholine is widely believed to modulate the release of dopamine in the striatum of mammals. Experiments in brain slices clearly show that synchronous activation of striatal cholinergic interneurons is sufficient to drive dopamine release via axo-axonal stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. However, evidence for this mechanism in vivo has been less forthcoming. A recent paper in eLife (Mohebi et al., 2023) reported that, in awake behaving rats, optogenetic activation of striatal cholinergic interneurons with blue light readily evokes dopamine release measured with the red fluorescent sensor RdLight1. Here, we show that blue light alone alters the fluorescent properties of RdLight1 in a manner that may be misconstrued as phasic dopamine release, and that this artefactual photoactivation can account for the effects attributed to cholinergic interneurons. Our findings indicate that measurements of dopamine using the red-shifted fluorescent sensor RdLight1 should be interpreted with caution when combined with optogenetics. In light of this and other publications that did not observe large acetylcholine-evoked dopamine transients in vivo, the conditions under which such release occurs in behaving animals remain unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Taniguchi
- Neuroscience Institute and Fresco Institute for Parkinson's and Movement Disorders, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Riccardo Melani
- Neuroscience Institute and Fresco Institute for Parkinson's and Movement Disorders, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Lynne Chantranupong
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Michelle J Wen
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Ali Mohebi
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Joshua Berke
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Bernardo Sabatini
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Nicolas Tritsch
- Neuroscience Institute and Fresco Institute for Parkinson's and Movement Disorders, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
- Lead contact
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Oldenburg IA, Hendricks WD, Handy G, Shamardani K, Bounds HA, Doiron B, Adesnik H. The logic of recurrent circuits in the primary visual cortex. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:137-147. [PMID: 38172437 PMCID: PMC10774145 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01510-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Recurrent cortical activity sculpts visual perception by refining, amplifying or suppressing visual input. However, the rules that govern the influence of recurrent activity remain enigmatic. We used ensemble-specific two-photon optogenetics in the mouse visual cortex to isolate the impact of recurrent activity from external visual input. We found that the spatial arrangement and the visual feature preference of the stimulated ensemble and the neighboring neurons jointly determine the net effect of recurrent activity. Photoactivation of these ensembles drives suppression in all cells beyond 30 µm but uniformly drives activation in closer similarly tuned cells. In nonsimilarly tuned cells, compact, cotuned ensembles drive net suppression, while diffuse, cotuned ensembles drive activation. Computational modeling suggests that highly local recurrent excitatory connectivity and selective convergence onto inhibitory neurons explain these effects. Our findings reveal a straightforward logic in which space and feature preference of cortical ensembles determine their impact on local recurrent activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Antón Oldenburg
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | - William D Hendricks
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Gregory Handy
- Department of Neurobiology and Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Grossman Center for Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Kiarash Shamardani
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hayley A Bounds
- The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Brent Doiron
- Department of Neurobiology and Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Grossman Center for Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hillel Adesnik
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lees RM, Pichler B, Packer AM. Contribution of optical resolution to the spatial precision of two-photon optogenetic photostimulation in vivo. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:015006. [PMID: 38322022 PMCID: PMC10846536 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.1.015006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Significance Two-photon optogenetics combines nonlinear excitation with noninvasive activation of neurons to enable the manipulation of neural circuits with a high degree of spatial precision. Combined with two-photon population calcium imaging, these approaches comprise a flexible platform for all-optical interrogation of neural circuits. However, a multitude of optical and biological factors dictate the exact precision of this approach in vivo, where it is most usefully applied. Aim We aimed to assess how the optical point spread function (OPSF) contributes to the spatial precision of two-photon photostimulation in neurobiology. Approach We altered the axial spread of the OPSF of the photostimulation beam using a spatial light modulator. Subsequently, calcium imaging was used to monitor the axial spatial precision of two-photon photostimulation of layer 2 neurons in the mouse neocortex. Results We found that optical resolution is not always the limiting factor of the spatial precision of two-photon optogenetic photostimulation and, by doing so, reveal the key factors that must be improved to achieve maximal precision. Conclusions Our results enable future work to focus on the optimal factors by providing key insight from controlled experiments in a manner not previously reported. This research can be applied to advance the state-of-the-art of all-optical interrogation, extending the toolkit for neuroscience research to achieve spatiotemporal precision at the crucial levels in which neural circuits operate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Lees
- Science and Technology Facilities Council, Octopus Imaging Facility, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
- University of Oxford, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Pichler
- Independent NeuroScience Services INSS Ltd., East Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Adam M. Packer
- University of Oxford, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ryan L, Sun-Yan A, Laughton M, Peron S. Cortical circuitry mediating interareal touch signal amplification. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113532. [PMID: 38064338 PMCID: PMC10842872 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory cortical areas are organized into topographic maps representing the sensory epithelium. Interareal projections typically connect topographically matched subregions across areas. Because matched subregions process the same stimulus, their interaction is central to many computations. Here, we ask how topographically matched subregions of primary and secondary vibrissal somatosensory cortices (vS1 and vS2) interact during active touch. Volumetric calcium imaging in mice palpating an object with two whiskers revealed a sparse population of highly responsive, broadly tuned touch neurons especially pronounced in layer 2 of both areas. These rare neurons exhibited elevated synchrony and carried most touch-evoked activity in both directions. Lesioning the subregion of either area responding to the spared whiskers degraded touch responses in the unlesioned area, with whisker-specific vS1 lesions degrading whisker-specific vS2 touch responses. Thus, a sparse population of broadly tuned touch neurons dominates vS1-vS2 communication in both directions, and topographically matched vS1 and vS2 subregions recurrently amplify whisker touch activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Ryan
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, Rm. 621, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Andrew Sun-Yan
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, Rm. 621, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Maya Laughton
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, Rm. 621, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Simon Peron
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, Rm. 621, New York, NY 10003, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Jung JH, Wang Y, Rashid AJ, Zhang T, Frankland PW, Josselyn SA. Examining memory linking and generalization using scFLARE2, a temporally precise neuronal activity tagging system. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113592. [PMID: 38103203 PMCID: PMC10842737 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
How memories are organized in the brain influences whether they are remembered discretely versus linked with other experiences or whether generalized information is applied to entirely novel situations. Here, we used scFLARE2 (single-chain fast light- and activity-regulated expression 2), a temporally precise tagging system, to manipulate mouse lateral amygdala neurons active during one of two 3 min threat experiences occurring close (3 h) or further apart (27 h) in time. Silencing scFLARE2-tagged neurons showed that two threat experiences occurring at distal times are dis-allocated to orthogonal engram ensembles and remembered discretely, whereas the same two threat experiences occurring in close temporal proximity are linked via co-allocation to overlapping engram ensembles. Moreover, we found that co-allocation mediates memory generalization applied to a completely novel stimulus. These results indicate that endogenous temporal evolution of engram ensemble neuronal excitability determines how memories are organized and remembered and that this would not be possible using conventional immediate-early gene-based tagging methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hoon Jung
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Ying Wang
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Asim J Rashid
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Tao Zhang
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Paul W Frankland
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada; Child & Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Sheena A Josselyn
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kim YJ, Driscoll N, Kent N, Paniagua EV, Tabet A, Koehler F, Manthey M, Sahasrabudhe A, Signorelli L, Gregureć D, Anikeeva P. Magnetoelectric Nanodiscs Enable Wireless Transgene-Free Neuromodulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.24.573272. [PMID: 38234742 PMCID: PMC10793401 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.24.573272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Deep-brain stimulation (DBS) with implanted electrodes revolutionized treatment of movement disorders and empowered neuroscience studies. Identifying less invasive alternatives to DBS may further extend its clinical and research applications. Nanomaterial-mediated transduction of magnetic fields into electric potentials offers an alternative to invasive DBS. Here, we synthesize magnetoelectric nanodiscs (MENDs) with a core-double shell Fe3O4-CoFe2O4-BaTiO3 architecture with efficient magnetoelectric coupling. We find robust responses to magnetic field stimulation in neurons decorated with MENDs at a density of 1 μg/mm2 despite individual-particle potentials below the neuronal excitation threshold. We propose a model for repetitive subthreshold depolarization, which combined with cable theory, corroborates our findings in vitro and informs magnetoelectric stimulation in vivo. MENDs injected into the ventral tegmental area of genetically intact mice at concentrations of 1 mg/mL enable remote control of reward behavior, setting the stage for mechanistic optimization of magnetoelectric neuromodulation and inspiring its future applications in fundamental and translational neuroscience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Ji Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicolette Driscoll
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Noah Kent
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Emmanuel Vargas Paniagua
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anthony Tabet
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Florian Koehler
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marie Manthey
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Atharva Sahasrabudhe
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lorenzo Signorelli
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen - Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Danijela Gregureć
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen - Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Polina Anikeeva
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
O'Rawe JF, Zhou Z, Li AJ, LaFosse PK, Goldbach HC, Histed MH. Excitation creates a distributed pattern of cortical suppression due to varied recurrent input. Neuron 2023; 111:4086-4101.e5. [PMID: 37865083 PMCID: PMC10872553 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Dense local, recurrent connections are a major feature of cortical circuits, yet how they affect neurons' responses has been unclear, with some studies reporting weak recurrent effects, some reporting amplification, and others indicating local suppression. Here, we show that optogenetic input to mouse V1 excitatory neurons generates salt-and-pepper patterns of both excitation and suppression. Responses in individual neurons are not strongly predicted by that neuron's direct input. A balanced-state network model reconciles a set of diverse observations: the observed dynamics, suppressed responses, decoupling of input and output, and long tail of excited responses. The model shows recurrent excitatory-excitatory connections are strong and also variable across neurons. Together, these results demonstrate that excitatory recurrent connections can have major effects on cortical computations by shaping and changing neurons' responses to input.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan F O'Rawe
- National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhishang Zhou
- National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anna J Li
- National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul K LaFosse
- National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; NIH-University of Maryland Graduate Partnerships Program, Bethesda, MD, USA; Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Hannah C Goldbach
- National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark H Histed
- National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Stern M, Istrate N, Mazzucato L. A reservoir of timescales emerges in recurrent circuits with heterogeneous neural assemblies. eLife 2023; 12:e86552. [PMID: 38084779 PMCID: PMC10810607 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The temporal activity of many physical and biological systems, from complex networks to neural circuits, exhibits fluctuations simultaneously varying over a large range of timescales. Long-tailed distributions of intrinsic timescales have been observed across neurons simultaneously recorded within the same cortical circuit. The mechanisms leading to this striking temporal heterogeneity are yet unknown. Here, we show that neural circuits, endowed with heterogeneous neural assemblies of different sizes, naturally generate multiple timescales of activity spanning several orders of magnitude. We develop an analytical theory using rate networks, supported by simulations of spiking networks with cell-type specific connectivity, to explain how neural timescales depend on assembly size and show that our model can naturally explain the long-tailed timescale distribution observed in the awake primate cortex. When driving recurrent networks of heterogeneous neural assemblies by a time-dependent broadband input, we found that large and small assemblies preferentially entrain slow and fast spectral components of the input, respectively. Our results suggest that heterogeneous assemblies can provide a biologically plausible mechanism for neural circuits to demix complex temporal input signals by transforming temporal into spatial neural codes via frequency-selective neural assemblies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merav Stern
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of OregonEugeneUnited States
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Nicolae Istrate
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of OregonEugeneUnited States
- Departments of Physics, University of OregonEugeneUnited States
| | - Luca Mazzucato
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of OregonEugeneUnited States
- Departments of Physics, University of OregonEugeneUnited States
- Mathematics and Biology, University of OregonEugeneUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Li R, Huang J, Li L, Zhao Z, Liang S, Liang S, Wang M, Liao X, Lyu J, Zhou Z, Wang S, Jin W, Chen H, Holder D, Liu H, Zhang J, Li M, Tang Y, Remy S, Pakan JMP, Chen X, Jia H. Holistic bursting cells store long-term memory in auditory cortex. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8090. [PMID: 38062015 PMCID: PMC10703882 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43620-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The sensory neocortex has been suggested to be a substrate for long-term memory storage, yet which exact single cells could be specific candidates underlying such long-term memory storage remained neither known nor visible for over a century. Here, using a combination of day-by-day two-photon Ca2+ imaging and targeted single-cell loose-patch recording in an auditory associative learning paradigm with composite sounds in male mice, we reveal sparsely distributed neurons in layer 2/3 of auditory cortex emerged step-wise from quiescence into bursting mode, which then invariably expressed holistic information of the learned composite sounds, referred to as holistic bursting (HB) cells. Notably, it was not shuffled populations but the same sparse HB cells that embodied the behavioral relevance of the learned composite sounds, pinpointing HB cells as physiologically-defined single-cell candidates of an engram underlying long-term memory storage in auditory cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Li
- Advanced Institute for Brain and Intelligence and School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Junjie Huang
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Longhui Li
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Zhikai Zhao
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Susu Liang
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Shanshan Liang
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Xiang Liao
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Jing Lyu
- Brain Research Instrument Innovation Center, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Zhenqiao Zhou
- Brain Research Instrument Innovation Center, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Sibo Wang
- Brain Research Instrument Innovation Center, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Wenjun Jin
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing, 400064, China
| | - Haiyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Damaris Holder
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hongbang Liu
- Advanced Institute for Brain and Intelligence and School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jianxiong Zhang
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Min Li
- Brain Research Instrument Innovation Center, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Yuguo Tang
- Brain Research Instrument Innovation Center, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Stefan Remy
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral and Brain Science (CBBS), Otto von Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Janelle M P Pakan
- Center for Behavioral and Brain Science (CBBS), Otto von Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto von Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing, 400064, China.
| | - Hongbo Jia
- Advanced Institute for Brain and Intelligence and School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), 39118, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Brain Research Instrument Innovation Center, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China.
- Institute of Neuroscience and the SyNergy Cluster, Technical University of Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|