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Blom EL, Dekhla IK, Bertram MG, Manera JL, Kvarnemo C, Svensson O. Anthropogenic noise disrupts early-life development in a fish with paternal care. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 935:173055. [PMID: 38723952 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic noise is a global pollutant but its potential impacts on early life-stages in fishes are largely unknown. Here, using controlled laboratory experiments, we tested for impacts of continuous or intermittent exposure to low-frequency broadband noise on early life-stages of the common goby (Pomatoschistus microps), a marine fish with exclusive paternal care. Neither continuous nor intermittent noise exposure had an effect on filial cannibalism, showing that males were capable and willing to care for their broods. However, broods reared in continuous noise covered a smaller area and contained fewer eggs than control broods. Moreover, although developmental rate was the same in all treatments, larvae reared by males in continuous noise had, on average, a smaller yolk sac at hatching than those reared in the intermittent noise and control treatments, while larvae body length did not differ. Thus, it appears that the increased consumption of the yolk sac reserve was not utilised for increased growth. This suggests that exposure to noise in early life-stages affects fitness-related traits of surviving offspring, given the crucial importance of the yolk sac reserve during the early life of pelagic larvae. More broadly, our findings highlight the wide-ranging impacts of anthropogenic noise on aquatic wildlife living in an increasingly noisy world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Lotta Blom
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå SE-907 36, Sweden.
| | - Isabelle K Dekhla
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael G Bertram
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå SE-907 36, Sweden; Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm 114 18, Sweden; School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Jack L Manera
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Charlotta Kvarnemo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; The Linnaeus Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 460, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ola Svensson
- The Linnaeus Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 460, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Educational Work, University of Borås, SE-501 90 Borås, Sweden
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2
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Womersley FC, Rohner CA, Abrantes K, Afonso P, Arunrugstichai S, Bach SS, Bar S, Barash A, Barnes P, Barnett A, Boldrocchi G, Buffat N, Canon T, Perez CC, Chuangcharoendee M, Cochran JEM, de la Parra R, Diamant S, Driggers W, Dudgeon CL, Erdmann MV, Fitzpatrick R, Flam A, Fontes J, Francis G, Galvan BE, Graham RT, Green SM, Green JR, Grosmark Y, Guzman HM, Hardenstine RS, Harvey M, Harvey-Carroll J, Hasan AW, Hearn AR, Hendon JM, Putra MIH, Himawan MR, Hoffmayer E, Holmberg J, Hsu HH, Jaidah MY, Jansen A, Judd C, Kuguru B, Lester E, Macena BCL, Magson K, Maguiño R, Manjaji-Matsumoto M, Marcoux SD, Marcoux T, McKinney J, Meekan M, Mendoza A, Moazzam M, Monacella E, Norman B, Perry C, Pierce S, Prebble C, Macías DR, Raudino H, Reynolds S, Robinson D, Rowat D, Santos MD, Schmidt J, Scott C, See ST, Sianipar A, Speed CW, Syakurachman I, Tyne JA, Waples K, Winn C, Yuneni RR, Zareer I, Araujo G. Identifying priority sites for whale shark ship collision management globally. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:172776. [PMID: 38697520 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The expansion of the world's merchant fleet poses a great threat to the ocean's biodiversity. Collisions between ships and marine megafauna can have population-level consequences for vulnerable species. The Endangered whale shark (Rhincodon typus) shares a circumglobal distribution with this expanding fleet and tracking of movement pathways has shown that large vessel collisions pose a major threat to the species. However, it is not yet known whether they are also at risk within aggregation sites, where up to 400 individuals can gather to feed on seasonal bursts of planktonic productivity. These "constellation" sites are of significant ecological, socio-economic and cultural value. Here, through expert elicitation, we gathered information from most known constellation sites for this species across the world (>50 constellations and >13,000 individual whale sharks). We defined the spatial boundaries of these sites and their overlap with shipping traffic. Sites were then ranked based on relative levels of potential collision danger posed to whale sharks in the area. Our results showed that researchers and resource managers may underestimate the threat posed by large ship collisions due to a lack of direct evidence, such as injuries or witness accounts, which are available for other, sub-lethal threat categories. We found that constellations in the Arabian Sea and adjacent waters, the Gulf of Mexico, the Gulf of California, and Southeast and East Asia, had the greatest level of collision threat. We also identified 39 sites where peaks in shipping activity coincided with peak seasonal occurrences of whale sharks, sometimes across several months. Simulated collision mitigation options estimated potentially minimal impact to industry, as most whale shark core habitat areas were small. Given the threat posed by vessel collisions, a coordinated, multi-national approach to mitigation is needed within priority whale shark habitats to ensure collision protection for the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freya C Womersley
- Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, UK; Marine Research and Conservation Foundation, Somerset, UK; Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | | | | | - Pedro Afonso
- Institute of Marine Research - IMAR, Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of the Azores, 9900-140 Horta, Portugal; Institute of Marine Sciences, OKEANOS, University of the Azores, 9900-140 Horta, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter Barnes
- Department of Biodiversity, Conservation, and Attractions, WA Government, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jesse E M Cochran
- Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - William Driggers
- National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, USA
| | - Christine L Dudgeon
- Biopixel Oceans Foundation, Australia; University of Sunshine Coast, School of Science, Technology and Engineering, Petrie, QLD, Australia
| | | | | | - Anna Flam
- Marine Megafauna Foundation, West Palm Beach, FL 33411, USA
| | - Jorge Fontes
- Institute of Marine Research - IMAR, Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of the Azores, 9900-140 Horta, Portugal; Institute of Marine Sciences, OKEANOS, University of the Azores, 9900-140 Horta, Portugal
| | - Gemma Francis
- Department of Biodiversity, Conservation, and Attractions, WA Government, Australia
| | | | | | - Sofia M Green
- Galápagos Whale Shark Project, USA; Galápagos Science Center, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, USFQ, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Diego de Robles sn y Pampite, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Hector M Guzman
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama; MigraMar, 2099 Westshore Rd, Bodega Bay, CA 94923, USA
| | - Royale S Hardenstine
- Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Jessica Harvey-Carroll
- Maldives Whale Shark Research Programme, Maldives; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 18A, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Alex R Hearn
- Galápagos Whale Shark Project, USA; Galápagos Science Center, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, USFQ, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Diego de Robles sn y Pampite, Quito, Ecuador; MigraMar, 2099 Westshore Rd, Bodega Bay, CA 94923, USA
| | - Jill M Hendon
- The University of Southern Mississippi, Center for Fisheries Research and Development, Ocean Springs, MS, USA
| | | | | | - Eric Hoffmayer
- National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, USA
| | | | - Hua Hsun Hsu
- Coastal and Offshore Resources Research Center, Fisheries Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - Baraka Kuguru
- Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute, United Republic of Tanzania
| | | | - Bruno C L Macena
- Institute of Marine Research - IMAR, Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of the Azores, 9900-140 Horta, Portugal; Institute of Marine Sciences, OKEANOS, University of the Azores, 9900-140 Horta, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark Meekan
- Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Brad Norman
- ECOCEAN Inc., Australia; Murdoch University, Australia
| | - Cameron Perry
- Maldives Whale Shark Research Programme, Maldives; Georgia Aquarium, USA; Georgia Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Simon Pierce
- Marine Megafauna Foundation, West Palm Beach, FL 33411, USA; University of Sunshine Coast, School of Science, Technology and Engineering, Petrie, QLD, Australia
| | - Clare Prebble
- Marine Megafauna Foundation, West Palm Beach, FL 33411, USA
| | | | - Holly Raudino
- Department of Biodiversity, Conservation, and Attractions, WA Government, Australia
| | | | - David Robinson
- Qatar Whale Shark Research Project, Doha, Qatar; Sundive Research, NSW, Australia
| | - David Rowat
- Marine Conservation Society Seychelles, Seychelles
| | | | | | | | - Sian Tian See
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, University Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia
| | | | - Conrad W Speed
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Julian A Tyne
- Department of Biodiversity, Conservation, and Attractions, WA Government, Australia
| | - Kelly Waples
- Department of Biodiversity, Conservation, and Attractions, WA Government, Australia
| | - Chloe Winn
- Maldives Whale Shark Research Programme, Maldives
| | | | | | - Gonzalo Araujo
- Marine Research and Conservation Foundation, Somerset, UK; Environmental Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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3
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Frie AK, Lindström U. Exploring the effects of methodological choices on the estimation and biological interpretation of life history parameters for harbour porpoises in Norway and beyond. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301427. [PMID: 38968179 PMCID: PMC11226007 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates effects of subtle methodological choices on the estimation and biological interpretation of age, growth and reproductive parameters for harbour porpoises. The core analyses are based on a focal Norwegian data set built on samples from 134 harbour porpoises caught incidentally in gillnet fisheries along the Norwegian coast during autumn 2016 and spring 2017. Two contrasting practices for interpretation of seasonal and ontogenetic characteristics of tooth growth layer formation resulted in significant age differences among spring samples of young porpoises and for older animals across seasons. In turn, these differences affected estimates of age at maturity and asymptotic lengths, respectively. We also found significant differences in male age at maturity between two well-documented maturity criteria and between mathematical estimators of age at maturity for both sexes. Two different criteria for corpus albicans classification furthermore resulted in different patterns of ovarian corpora accumulation, which may affect some estimates of fecundity rates and contaminant loads. Both corpora accumulation patterns were also found in reanalysed data from German and Greenlandic porpoises. Based on tabulated overviews of methodological choices made in previous harbour porpoise studies, we argue that several of the issues mentioned above have wider relevance and may affect the validity of meta-analyses as a tool for estimating harbour porpoise sensitivity to extrinsic pressures. Differences in cause of death (COD) composition between data sets can have a similar effect. We demonstrate this in a meta-analysis of published harbour porpoise pregnancy rates, showing significantly higher values for trauma-killed samples compared to samples comprising mixed COD categories. COD also affected the estimated impacts of three previously analysed extrinsic predictors as well as an added predictor for vessel noise levels. We discuss the potential contributions of methodological, biological and anthropogenic factors in shaping observed regional differences in estimates of harbour porpoise life history parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulf Lindström
- Institute of Marine Research, Tromsø, Norway
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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4
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Farhat M, Achaoui Y, Martínez JAI, Addouche M, Wu Y, Khelif A. Observation of Ultra-High-Q Resonators in the Ultrasound via Bound States in the Continuum. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2402917. [PMID: 38962930 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The confinement of waves in open systems represents a fundamental phenomenon extensively explored across various branches of wave physics. Recently, significant attention is directed toward bound states in the continuum (BIC), a class of modes that are trapped but do not decay in an otherwise unbounded continuum. Here, the theoretical investigation and experimental demonstration of the existence of quasi-bound states in the continuum (QBIC) for ultrasonic waves are achieved by leveraging an elastic Fabry-Pérot metasurface resonator. Several intriguing properties of the ultrasound quasi-bound states in the continuum that are robust to parameter scanning are unveiled, and experimental evidence of a remarkable Q-factor of 350 at ≈1 MHz frequency, far exceeding the state-of-the-art using a fully acoustic underwater system is presented. The findings contribute novel insights into the understanding of BIC for acoustic waves, offering a new paradigm for the design of efficient, ultra-high Q-factor ultrasound devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Farhat
- Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Younes Achaoui
- Institut FEMTO-ST, CNRS UMR 6174, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 15B Avenue des Montboucons, Besançon Cedex, 25000, France
- Faculté des sciences, Université Moulay Ismail, Meknes, bp 11201, Morocco
| | - Julio Andrés Iglesias Martínez
- Institut FEMTO-ST, CNRS UMR 6174, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 15B Avenue des Montboucons, Besançon Cedex, 25000, France
| | - Mahmoud Addouche
- Institut FEMTO-ST, CNRS UMR 6174, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 15B Avenue des Montboucons, Besançon Cedex, 25000, France
| | - Ying Wu
- Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelkrim Khelif
- Institut FEMTO-ST, CNRS UMR 6174, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 15B Avenue des Montboucons, Besançon Cedex, 25000, France
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
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5
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Dingwall JT, Halliday WD, Diogou N, Niemi A, Steiner N, Insley SJ. The Arctic marine soundscape of the Amundsen Gulf, Western Canadian Arctic. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 204:116510. [PMID: 38805977 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The underwater soundscape, a habitat component for Arctic marine mammals, is shifting. We examined the drivers of the underwater soundscape at three sites in the Amundsen Gulf, Northwest Territories, Canada from 2018 to 2019 and estimated the contribution of abiotic and biotic sources between 20 Hz and 24 kHz. Higher wind speeds and the presence of bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus) vocalizations led to increased SPL (0.41 dB/km/h and 3.87 dB, respectively), while higher ice concentration and air temperature led to decreased SPL (-0.39 dB/% and - 0.096 dB/°C, respectively). Other marine mammals did not significantly impact the ambient soundscape. The presence of vessel traffic led to increased SPLs (12.37 dB) but was quieter at distances farther from the recorder (-2.57 dB/log m). The presence of high frequency and broadband signals produced by ice led to increased SPLs (7.60 dB and 10.16 dB, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Dingwall
- School of Earth and Ocean Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - William D Halliday
- School of Earth and Ocean Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada; Wildlife Conservation Society Canada, Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada
| | - Nikoletta Diogou
- School of Earth and Ocean Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada; Wildlife Conservation Society Canada, Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada
| | - Andrea Niemi
- Freshwater Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Nadja Steiner
- School of Earth and Ocean Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada; Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC, Canada
| | - Stephen J Insley
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada; Wildlife Conservation Society Canada, Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada
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6
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Dodson S, Oestreich WK, Savoca MS, Hazen EL, Bograd SJ, Ryan JP, Fiechter J, Abrahms B. Long-distance communication can enable collective migration in a dynamic seascape. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14857. [PMID: 38937635 PMCID: PMC11211507 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65827-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Social information is predicted to enhance the quality of animals' migratory decisions in dynamic ecosystems, but the relative benefits of social information in the long-range movements of marine megafauna are unknown. In particular, whether and how migrants use nonlocal information gained through social communication at the large spatial scale of oceanic ecosystems remains unclear. Here we test hypotheses about the cues underlying timing of blue whales' breeding migration in the Northeast Pacific via individual-based models parameterized by empirical behavioral data. Comparing emergent patterns from individual-based models to individual and population-level empirical metrics of migration timing, we find that individual whales likely rely on both personal and social sources of information about forage availability in deciding when to depart from their vast and dynamic foraging habitat and initiate breeding migration. Empirical patterns of migratory phenology can only be reproduced by models in which individuals use long-distance social information about conspecifics' behavioral state, which is known to be encoded in the patterning of their widely propagating songs. Further, social communication improves pre-migration seasonal foraging performance by over 60% relative to asocial movement mechanisms. Our results suggest that long-range communication enhances the perceptual ranges of migrating whales beyond that of any individual, resulting in increased foraging performance and more collective migration timing. These findings indicate the value of nonlocal social information in an oceanic migrant and suggest the importance of long-distance acoustic communication in the collective migration of wide-ranging marine megafauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Dodson
- Department of Mathematics, Colby College, Waterville, ME, 04901, USA.
| | | | - Matthew S Savoca
- Hopkins Marine Station, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, 93950, USA
| | - Elliott L Hazen
- Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Monterey, CA, 93940, USA
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Steven J Bograd
- Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Monterey, CA, 93940, USA
| | - John P Ryan
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA, 95039, USA
| | - Jerome Fiechter
- Department of Ocean Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Briana Abrahms
- Department of Biology, Center for Ecosystem Sentinels, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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7
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Fleury AG, O’Hara CC, Butt N, Restrepo J, Halpern BS, Klein CJ, Kuempel CD, Gaynor KM, Bentley LK, Richardson AJ, Dunn DC. Spatial and life history variation in a trait-based species vulnerability and impact model. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305950. [PMID: 38905300 PMCID: PMC11192397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic pressures threaten biodiversity, necessitating conservation actions founded on robust ecological models. However, prevailing models inadequately capture the spatiotemporal variation in environmental pressures faced by species with high mobility or complex life histories, as data are often aggregated across species' life histories or spatial distributions. We highlight the limitations of static models for dynamic species and incorporate life history variation and spatial distributions for species and stressors into a trait-based vulnerability and impact model. We use green sea turtles in the Greater Caribbean Region to demonstrate how vulnerability and anthropogenic impact for a dynamic species change across four life stages. By incorporating life stages into a trait-based vulnerability model, we observed life stage-specific vulnerabilities that were otherwise unnoticed when using an aggregated trait value set. Early life stages were more vulnerable to some stressors, such as inorganic pollution or marine heat waves, and less vulnerable to others, such as bycatch. Incorporating spatial distributions of stressors and life stages revealed impacts differ for each life stage across spatial areas, emphasizing the importance of stage-specific conservation measures. Our approach showcases the importance of incorporating dynamic processes into ecological models and will enable better and more targeted conservation actions for species with complex life histories and high mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aharon G. Fleury
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Casey C. O’Hara
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California–Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California–Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Nathalie Butt
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jaime Restrepo
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Benjamin S. Halpern
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California–Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California–Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Carissa J. Klein
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Caitlin D. Kuempel
- Australian Rivers Institute, Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kaitlyn M. Gaynor
- Departments of Zoology and Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lily K. Bentley
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anthony J. Richardson
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- CSIRO Environment, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel C. Dunn
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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8
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Prosnier L. Zooplankton as a model to study the effects of anthropogenic sounds on aquatic ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172489. [PMID: 38621539 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the impact of acoustic pollution on aquatic ecosystems. Currently, research has primarily focused on hearing species, particularly fishes and mammals. However, species from lower trophic levels, including many invertebrates, are less studied despite their ecological significance. Among these taxa, studies examining the effects of sound on holozooplankton are extremely rare. This literature review examines the effects of sound on both marine and freshwater zooplankton. It highlights two differences: the few used organisms and the types of sound source. Marine studies focus on the effects of very intense acute sound on copepods, while freshwater studies focus on less intense chronic sound on cladocerans. But, in both, various negative effects are reported. The effects of sound remain largely unknown, although previous studies have shown that zooplankton can detect vibrations using mechanoreceptors. The perception of their environment can be affected by sounds, potentially causing stress. Limited research suggests that sound may affect the physiology, behaviour, and fitness of zooplankton. Following this review, I highlight the potential to use methods from ecology, ecotoxicology, and parasitology to study the effects of sound at the individual level, including changes in physiology, development, survival, and behaviour. Responses to sound, which could alter species interactions and population dynamics, are expected to have larger-scale implications with bottom-up effects, such as changes in food web dynamics and ecosystem functioning. To improve the study of the effect of sound, to better use zooplankton as biological models and as bioindicators, researchers need to better understand how they perceive their acoustic environment. Consequently, an important challenge is the measurement of particle motion to establish useable dose-response relationships and particle motion soundscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Prosnier
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, University of Saint Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France; France Travail, Saint-Etienne, France.
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9
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Sal Moyano MP, Mitton FM, Luppi TA, Snitman SM, Nuñez JD, Lorusso MI, Ceraulo M, Gavio MA, Buscaino G. Noise accelerates embryonic development in a key crab species: Morphological and physiological carryover effects on early life stages. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 205:116564. [PMID: 38861799 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic noise is considered one important global pollutant. The impact of noise on marine invertebrates has been less assessed. The present study evaluated the chronic effect of the motorboat noise obtained from a lagoon's soundscape, the natural habitat of the key crab Neohelice granulata, on its whole embryonic development, considering morphological and physiological carryover effects on embryos and hatched larvae. Results demonstrated that embryonic development was shortened under noise exposure. The effects on advanced embryos, larvae and adult females were: increased heartbeats and non-viable eggs, and decreased fecundity. Biochemical responses showed lipid peroxidation in embryos while antioxidant enzymes were activated in larvae and adults, indicating a counteracting effect related to the life stage. The negative effects on fitness offspring may imply ecological consequences at the population level. Results are discussed in terms of the ecosystem engineer species studied and the habitat, a MAB UNESCO Reserve lagoon, suggesting the urgent need to develop mitigation plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Paz Sal Moyano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), FCEyN, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CONICET, CC1260, 7600 Mar del Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Francesca Maria Mitton
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Paseo Victoria Ocampo N°1 Escollera Norte (B7602HSA), 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Tomas Atilio Luppi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), FCEyN, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CONICET, CC1260, 7600 Mar del Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Solana Morena Snitman
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), FCEyN, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CONICET, CC1260, 7600 Mar del Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jesús Darío Nuñez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), FCEyN, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CONICET, CC1260, 7600 Mar del Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Ignacio Lorusso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), FCEyN, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CONICET, CC1260, 7600 Mar del Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Ceraulo
- Institute of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in Marine Environment (IAS)-CNR National Research Council, Via del Mare 3, 91021 Torretta Granitola, TP, Italy
| | - María Andrea Gavio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), FCEyN, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CONICET, CC1260, 7600 Mar del Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Giuseppa Buscaino
- Institute of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in Marine Environment (IAS)-CNR National Research Council, Via del Mare 3, 91021 Torretta Granitola, TP, Italy
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10
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Muñoz-Duque S, Fonseca PJ, Quintella B, Monteiro JG, Fernandez M, Silva R, Vieira M, Amorim MCP. Acoustic fish community in the Madeira Archipelago (North Atlantic Ocean): Characterization of sound diversity and daily patterns. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 199:106600. [PMID: 38875901 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Marine ecosystems are increasingly subjected to anthropogenic pressures, which demands urgent monitoring plans. Understanding soundscapes can offer unique insights into the ocean status providing important information and revealing different sounds and their sources. Fishes can be prominent soundscape contributors, making passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) a potential tool to detect the presence of vocal fish species and to monitor changes in biodiversity. The major goal of this research was to provide a first reference of the marine soundscapes of the Madeira Archipelago focusing on fish sounds, as a basis for a long-term PAM program. Based on the literature, 102 potentially vocal and 35 vocal fish species were identified. Additionally 43 putative fish sound types were detected in audio recordings from two marine protected areas (MPAs) in the Archipelago: the Garajau MPA and the Desertas MPA. The Garajau MPA exhibited higher fish vocal activity, a greater variety of putative fish sound types and higher fish sound diversity. Lower abundance of sounds was found at night at both MPAs. Acoustic activity revealed a clear distinction between diurnal and nocturnal fish groups and demonstrated daily patterns of fish sound activity, suggesting temporal and spectral partitioning of the acoustic space. Pomacentridae species were proposed as candidates for some of the dominant sound types detected during the day, while scorpionfishes (Scorpaena spp.) were proposed as sources for some of the dominant nocturnal fish sounds. This study provides an important baseline about this community acoustic behaviour and is a valuable steppingstone for future non-invasive and cost-effective monitoring programs in Madeira.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Muñoz-Duque
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal; IMBRSEA, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Paulo J Fonseca
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal; cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bernardo Quintella
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre / ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Gama Monteiro
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Agência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação Tecnologia e Inovação (ARDITI), 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal; Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Madeira, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Marc Fernandez
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Agência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação Tecnologia e Inovação (ARDITI), 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal; Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Madeira, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Silva
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Agência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação Tecnologia e Inovação (ARDITI), 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal; Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Madeira, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Manuel Vieira
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre / ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Clara P Amorim
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre / ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
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11
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Shajahan N, Halliday WD, Dawson J, Maksagak I, Weese K, Melling H, Niemi A, Vagle S, Williams B, Insley SJ. Opportunistic ship source level measurements in the Western Canadian Arctica). THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 155:3807-3821. [PMID: 38869371 DOI: 10.1121/10.0026361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Increased ship traffic due to climate change increases underwater noise in the Arctic. Therefore, accurate measurements of underwater radiated noise are necessary to map marine sound and quantify shipping's impact on the Arctic ecosystem. This paper presents a method to calculate opportunistic source levels (SLs) using passive acoustic data collected at six locations in the Western Canadian Arctic from 2018 to 2022. Based on Automatic Identification System data, acoustic data, and a hybrid sound propagation model, the SLs of individual ships were calculated within a 5 km radius of each measurement site. A total of 66 measurements were obtained from 11 unique vessels, with multiple measurements from the same vessel type contributing more SLs. For vessels with propeller cavitation, measured SLs correlated positively with vessel parameters, such as speed and length. SL and speed did not correlate well for vessels without propeller cavitation. The JOMOPANS-ECHO SL model produced good agreement with measured SL for certain ship types (container ships, a tanker, and a passenger vessel). However, significant differences between measurement and model are evident for certain polar-class ships that travel in the Arctic, indicating that more controlled SL measurements are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najeem Shajahan
- Wildlife Conservation Society Canada, 169 Titanium Way, Whitehorse, Yukon Territory, Y1A 0E9, Canada
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 3E6, Canada
| | - William D Halliday
- Wildlife Conservation Society Canada, 169 Titanium Way, Whitehorse, Yukon Territory, Y1A 0E9, Canada
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 3E6, Canada
| | - Jackie Dawson
- Department of Geography, Environment, and Geomatics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Ivor Maksagak
- Ekaluktutiak Hunters and Trappers Organization, Cambridge Bay, Nunavut, X0B 0C0, Canada
| | - Kyle Weese
- Ekaluktutiak Hunters and Trappers Organization, Cambridge Bay, Nunavut, X0B 0C0, Canada
| | - Humfrey Melling
- Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, British Columbia, V8L 5T5, Canada
| | - Andrea Niemi
- Freshwater Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N6, Canada
| | - Svein Vagle
- Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, British Columbia, V8L 5T5, Canada
| | - Bill Williams
- Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, British Columbia, V8L 5T5, Canada
| | - Stephen J Insley
- Wildlife Conservation Society Canada, 169 Titanium Way, Whitehorse, Yukon Territory, Y1A 0E9, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 3E6, Canada
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12
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Ogurek SDL, Halliday WD, Woods MB, Brown N, Balshine S, Juanes F. Boat noise impedes vocalizations of wild plainfin midshipman fish. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 203:116412. [PMID: 38703628 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Marine noise is recognised as a growing threat that can induce maladaptive behavioural changes in many aquatic animals, including fishes. The plainfin midshipman is a soniferous fish with a prolonged breeding period, during which males produce tonal hums that attract females, and grunts and growls during agonistic interactions. In this study, we used acoustic recordings to assess the effects of boat noise on the presence, peak frequencies, and durations of plainfin midshipman calls in the wild. We found that all three call types were less likely to occur, and the peak frequencies of hums and grunts increased in the presence of boat noise. We also show that loud and quiet boat noise affected plainfin midshipman vocalizations similarly. As anthropogenic noise is likely to increase in the ocean, it will be important to understand how such noise can affect communication systems, and consequently population health and resiliency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William D Halliday
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Wildlife Conservation Society Canada, Whitehorse, YT, Canada
| | | | - Nick Brown
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sigal Balshine
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Francis Juanes
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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13
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Goodale E, Magrath RD. Species diversity and interspecific information flow. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:999-1014. [PMID: 38279871 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Interspecific information flow is known to affect individual fitness, population dynamics and community assembly, but there has been less study of how species diversity affects information flow and thereby ecosystem functioning and services. We address this question by first examining differences among species in the sensitivity, accuracy, transmissibility, detectability and value of the cues and signals they produce, and in how they receive, store and use information derived from heterospecifics. We then review how interspecific information flow occurs in communities, involving a diversity of species and sensory modes, and how this flow can affect ecosystem-level functions, such as decomposition, seed dispersal or algae removal on coral reefs. We highlight evidence that some keystone species are particularly critical as a source of information used by eavesdroppers, and so have a disproportionate effect on information flow. Such keystone species include community informants producing signals, particularly about predation risk, that influence other species' landscapes of fear, and aggregation initiators creating cues or signals about resources. We suggest that the presence of keystone species means that there will likely be a positive relationship in many communities between species diversity and information through a 'sampling effect', in which larger pools of species are more likely to include the keystone species by chance. We then consider whether the number and relative abundance of species, irrespective of the presence of keystone species, matter to interspecific information flow; on this issue, the theory is less developed, and the evidence scant and indirect. Higher diversity could increase the quantity or quality of information that is used by eavesdroppers because redundancy increases the reliability of information or because the species provide complementary information. Alternatively, there could be a lack of a relationship between species diversity and information if there is widespread information parasitism where users are not sources, or if information sourced from heterospecifics is of lower value than that gained personally or sourced from conspecifics. Recent research suggests that species diversity does have information-modulated community and ecosystem consequences, especially in birds, such as the diversity of species at feeders increasing resource exploitation, or the number of imitated species increasing responses to vocal mimics. A first step for future research includes comprehensive observations of information flow among different taxa and habitats. Then studies should investigate whether species diversity influences the cumulative quality or quantity of information at the community level, and consequently ecosystem-level processes. An applied objective is to conserve species in part for their value as sources of information for other species, including for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eben Goodale
- Department of Health and Environmental Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Robert D Magrath
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
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14
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Arranz P, De la Cruz-Modino R, Sprogis KR. Investigating the effects of underwater noise from two vessels on the behaviour of short-finned pilot whales. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 199:106574. [PMID: 38833806 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Multiple whale-watching vessels may operate around cetaceans at any one time, and targeted animals may experience underwater noise effects. We hypothesised that the cumulative noise of two vessels with low source levels (SLs) will elicit lower behavioural disturbance in short-finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus) compared to a single vessel with a higher SL. We measured the behaviour of whales during 26 controls (stationary vessel >300 m) and 44 treatments off Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain). Treatments consisted of vessel approaches mimicking whale-watch scenarios (distance ∼60 m, speed 1.5 kn). Approaches with two simultaneous vessels, with maximum cumulative mid and low-frequency (0.2-110 kHz) weighted source levels (SLsMF-LF) 137-143 dB, did not affect mother-calf pairs' resting, nursing, diving, respiration rate or inter-breath interval. However, a louder single vessel approach with twin petrol engines at SLsMF-LF 139-151 dB significantly decreased the proportion of time resting for the mother. The results suggest that if a single or two vessels are present, if the cumulative SL is < 143 dB, the behavioural disturbance on the whales will be negligible. By examining noise effects from multiple vessels on the behaviour of pilot whales, the importance of incorporating a noise threshold into whale-watching guidelines was emphasised.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Arranz
- Departmento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
| | - R De la Cruz-Modino
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Social y Turismo, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
| | - K R Sprogis
- The UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Great Southern Marine Research Facility, Albany, WA 6330, Australia.
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15
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Rice AN. Hearing the seas Sing Like Fish: How Sound Rules Life Under Water Amorina Kingdon Crown, 2024. 336 pp. Science 2024; 384:965. [PMID: 38815031 DOI: 10.1126/science.adp5225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Rich underwater soundscapes await those who listen closely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron N Rice
- The reviewer is at the K. Lisa Yang Center for Conservation Bioacoustics, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA, and the Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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16
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Monier SA. Social interactions and information use by foraging seabirds. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024. [PMID: 38693884 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
What do seabirds perceive about the world? How do they do so? And how do they use the information available to them to make foraging decisions? Social cues provide seabirds with information about the location of prey. This can, of course, be passive and not involve higher-order cognitive processes (e.g. simple conspecific or heterospecific attraction). However, seabirds display many behaviours that promote learning and the transmission of information between individuals: the vast majority of seabirds are colonial living, have an extended juvenile phase that affords them time to learn, routinely form intra- and interspecific associations, and can flexibly deploy a combination of foraging tactics. It is worth evaluating their foraging interactions in light of this. This review describes how seabirds use social information both at the colony and at sea to forage, and discusses the variation that exists both across species and amongst individuals. It is clear that social interactions are a critical and beneficial component of seabird foraging, with most of the variation concerning the way and extent to which social information is used, rather than whether it is used. While it may seem counterintuitive that large groups of potential competitors congregating at a patch can result in foraging gains, such aggregations can alter species dynamics in ways that promote coexistence. This review explores how competitive interference at a patch can be mitigated by behavioural modifications and niche segregation. Utilising others for foraging success (e.g. via social cues and facilitation at a patch) is likely to make population declines particularly damaging to seabirds if the quantity or quality of their social foraging interactions is reduced. Environmental changes have the potential to disrupt their social networks and thus, how these species obtain food and transfer information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Anne Monier
- Biology Department, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Biology Department, College of Staten Island, 2800 Victory Blvd., Staten Island, NY, 10314, USA
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17
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Salas AK, Capuano AM, Harms CA, Piniak WED, Mooney TA. Frequency-dependent temporary threshold shifts in the Eastern painted turtle (Chrysemys picta picta). THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 155:3254-3266. [PMID: 38742964 DOI: 10.1121/10.0026021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Testudines are a highly threatened group facing an array of stressors, including alteration of their sensory environment. Underwater noise pollution has the potential to induce hearing loss and disrupt detection of biologically important acoustic cues and signals. To examine the conditions that induce temporary threshold shifts (TTS) in hearing in the freshwater Eastern painted turtle (Chrysemys picta picta), three individuals were exposed to band limited continuous white noise (50-1000 Hz) of varying durations and amplitudes (sound exposure levels ranged from 151 to 171 dB re 1 μPa2 s). Control and post-exposure auditory thresholds were measured and compared at 400 and 600 Hz using auditory evoked potential methods. TTS occurred in all individuals at both test frequencies, with shifts of 6.1-41.4 dB. While the numbers of TTS occurrences were equal between frequencies, greater shifts were observed at 600 Hz, a frequency of higher auditory sensitivity, compared to 400 Hz. The onset of TTS occurred at 154 dB re 1 μPa2 s for 600 Hz, compared to 158 dB re 1 μPa2 s at 400 Hz. The 400-Hz onset and patterns of TTS growth and recovery were similar to those observed in previously studied Trachemys scripta elegans, suggesting TTS may be comparable across Emydidae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andria K Salas
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA
| | - Alyssa M Capuano
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA
| | - Craig A Harms
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Center for Marine Sciences and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Morehead City, North Carolina 28557, USA
| | - Wendy E D Piniak
- Office of Protected Resources, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Beaufort, North Carolina 28516, USA
| | - T Aran Mooney
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA
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18
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Temple AJ, Langner U, Berumen ML. Management and research efforts are failing dolphins, porpoises, and other toothed whales. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7077. [PMID: 38528092 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57811-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite being subject to intensive research and public interest many populations of dolphins, porpoises, and other toothed whales (small cetaceans) continue to decline, and several species are on the verge of extinction. We examine small cetacean status, human activities driving extinction risk, and whether research efforts are addressing priority threats. We estimate that 22% of small cetaceans are threatened with extinction, with little signs of improvement in nearly thirty years. Fisheries and coastal habitat degradation are the main predictors of extinction risk. Contrary to popular belief, we show that the causal impact of small-scale fisheries on extinction risk is greater than from large-scale fisheries. Fisheries management strength had little influence on extinction risk, suggesting that the implementation of existing measures have been largely ineffective. Alarmingly, we find research efforts for priority threats to be vastly underrepresented and so a major shift in research focus is required. Small cetaceans are among the lower hanging fruits of marine conservation; continued failure to halt their decline bodes poorly for tackling marine biodiversity loss and avoiding an Anthropocene mass extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Temple
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ute Langner
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael L Berumen
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Noda T, Koizumi T, Yukitake N, Yamamoto D, Nakaizumi T, Tanaka K, Okuyama J, Ichikawa K, Hara T. Animal-borne soundscape logger as a system for edge classification of sound sources and data transmission for monitoring near-real-time underwater soundscape. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6394. [PMID: 38493174 PMCID: PMC10944488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The underwater environment is filled with various sounds, with its soundscape composed of biological, geographical, and anthropological sounds. Our work focused on developing a novel method to observe and classify these sounds, enriching our understanding of the underwater ecosystem. We constructed a biologging system allowing near-real-time observation of underwater soundscapes. Utilizing deep-learning-based edge processing, this system classifies the sources of sounds, and upon the tagged animal surfacing, it transmits positional data, results of sound source classification, and sensor readings such as depth and temperature. To test the system, we attached the logger to sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) and collected data through a cellular network. The data provided information on the location-specific sounds detected by the sea turtles, suggesting the possibility to infer the distribution of specific species of organisms over time. The data showed that not only biological sounds but also geographical and anthropological sounds can be classified, highlighting the potential for conducting multi-point and long-term observations to monitor the distribution patterns of various sound sources. This system, which can be considered an autonomous mobile platform for oceanographic observations, including soundscapes, has significant potential to enhance our understanding of acoustic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kotaro Tanaka
- Japan Fisheries Science and Technology Association, Tokyo, Japan
- Ocean Policy Research Institute of the Sasakawa Peace Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Okuyama
- Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kotaro Ichikawa
- Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hara
- Japan Fisheries Science and Technology Association, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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McKenna MF, Rowell TJ, Margolina T, Baumann-Pickering S, Solsona-Berga A, Adams JD, Joseph J, Kim EB, Kok AC, Kügler A, Lammers MO, Merkens K, Reeves LP, Southall BL, Stimpert AK, Barkowski J, Thompson MA, Van Parijs S, Wall CC, Zang EJ, Hatch LT. Understanding vessel noise across a network of marine protected areas. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:369. [PMID: 38489113 PMCID: PMC10942938 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12497-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Protected areas are typically managed as a network of sites exposed to varying anthropogenic conditions. Managing these networks benefits from monitoring of conditions across sites to help prioritize coordinated efforts. Monitoring marine vessel activity and related underwater radiated noise impacts across a network of protected areas, like the U.S. National Marine Sanctuary system, helps managers ensure the quality of habitats used by a wide range of marine species. Here, we use underwater acoustic detections of vessels to quantify different characteristics of vessel noise at 25 locations within eight marine sanctuaries including the Hawaiian Archipelago and the U.S. east and west coasts. Vessel noise metrics, including temporal presence and sound levels, were paired with Automatic Identification System (AIS) vessel tracking data to derive a suite of robust vessel noise indicators for use across the network of marine protected areas. Network-wide comparisons revealed a spectrum of vessel noise conditions that closely matched AIS vessel traffic composition. Shifts in vessel noise were correlated with the decrease in vessel activity early in the COVID-19 pandemic, and vessel speed reduction management initiatives. Improving our understanding of vessel noise conditions in these protected areas can help direct opportunities for reducing vessel noise, such as establishing and maintaining noise-free periods, enhancing port efficiency, engaging with regional and international vessel quieting initiatives, and leveraging co-benefits of management actions for reducing ocean noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan F McKenna
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, CU Boulder, National Centers for Environmental Information, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Timothy J Rowell
- Southeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Beaufort, NC, USA
| | - Tetyana Margolina
- Oceanography Department, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, USA
| | | | - Alba Solsona-Berga
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Adams
- Office of Protected Resources, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - John Joseph
- Oceanography Department, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, USA
| | - Ella B Kim
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Annebelle Cm Kok
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anke Kügler
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, HI, USA
- Lynker in support of Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Kīhei, HI, USA
- current address: Bioacoustics and Behavioral Ecology Lab, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Marc O Lammers
- Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Kīhei, HI, USA
| | - Karlina Merkens
- Saltwater, Inc., Portland, OR in support of NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Lindsey Peavey Reeves
- National Marine Sanctuary Foundation, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Office of National Marine Sanctuaries, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael A Thompson
- Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Scituate, MA, USA
| | | | - Carrie C Wall
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, CU Boulder, National Centers for Environmental Information, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Eden J Zang
- Lynker in support of Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Kīhei, HI, USA
| | - Leila T Hatch
- Office of National Marine Sanctuaries, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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21
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Podolskiy EA, Ogawa M, Thiebot JB, Johansen KL, Mosbech A. Acoustic monitoring reveals a diel rhythm of an arctic seabird colony (little auk, Alle alle). Commun Biol 2024; 7:307. [PMID: 38491140 PMCID: PMC10942998 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05954-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The child-like question of why birds sing in the morning is difficult to answer, especially in polar regions. There, in summer animals live without the time constraints of daylight, and little is known about the rhythmicity of their routines. Moreover, in situ monitoring of animal behavior in remote areas is challenging and rare. Here, we use audio data from Greenland to show that a colony of a key Arctic-breeding seabird, the little auk (Alle alle), erupts with acoustic excitement at night in August, under the midnight sun. We demonstrate that the acoustic activity cycle is consistent with previous direct observations of the feeding and attendance patterns of the little auk. We interpret this pattern as reflecting their foraging activities, but further investigation on fledging and predators is needed. The study demonstrates that acoustic monitoring is a promising alternative to otherwise demanding manual observations of bird colonies in remote Arctic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica Ogawa
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | - Anders Mosbech
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
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22
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Larayedh R, Cornuelle BD, Krokos G, Hoteit I. Numerical investigation of shipping noise in the Red Sea. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5851. [PMID: 38462653 PMCID: PMC10925598 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56523-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Underwater noise pollution is a significant environmental issue that can have detrimental effects on marine ecosystems. One of the main sources of underwater noise pollution is ship traffic, which has been shown to negatively impact marine animals by masking communication signals and altering their behaviors. This study represents the first comprehensive analysis of underwater ship noise in the Red Sea, wherein noise maps of ships sailing through the main shipping lane in the Red Sea were simulated by integrating both anthropogenic and environmental variables. These maps offer valuable insights for policymakers, enabling them to make informed decisions and implement targeted mitigation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihab Larayedh
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bruce D Cornuelle
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - George Krokos
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, 19013, Anavyssos, Greece
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Hoteit
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia.
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23
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Aoki N, Weiss B, Jézéquel Y, Zhang WG, Apprill A, Mooney TA. Soundscape enrichment increases larval settlement rates for the brooding coral Porites astreoides. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:231514. [PMID: 38481984 PMCID: PMC10933538 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Coral reefs, hubs of global biodiversity, are among the world's most imperilled habitats. Healthy coral reefs are characterized by distinctive soundscapes; these environments are rich with sounds produced by fishes and marine invertebrates. Emerging evidence suggests these sounds can be used as orientation and settlement cues for larvae of reef animals. On degraded reefs, these cues may be reduced or absent, impeding the success of larval settlement, which is an essential process for the maintenance and replenishment of reef populations. Here, in a field-based study, we evaluated the effects of enriching the soundscape of a degraded coral reef to increase coral settlement rates. Porites astreoides larvae were exposed to reef sounds using a custom solar-powered acoustic playback system. Porites astreoides settled at significantly higher rates at the acoustically enriched sites, averaging 1.7 times (up to maximum of seven times) more settlement compared with control reef sites without acoustic enrichment. Settlement rates decreased with distance from the speaker but remained higher than control levels at least 30 m from the sound source. These results reveal that acoustic enrichment can facilitate coral larval settlement at reasonable distances, offering a promising new method for scientists, managers and restoration practitioners to rebuild coral reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Aoki
- Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Falmouth, MA 02543, USA
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Benjamin Weiss
- Department of Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, Falmouth, MA 02543, USA
| | - Youenn Jézéquel
- Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Falmouth, MA 02543, USA
| | - Weifeng Gordon Zhang
- Department of Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, Falmouth, MA 02543, USA
| | - Amy Apprill
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, Falmouth, MA 02543, USA
| | - T. Aran Mooney
- Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Falmouth, MA 02543, USA
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24
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McQueen K, Sivle LD, Forland TN, Meager JJ, Skjæraasen JE, Olsen EM, Karlsen Ø, Kvadsheim PH, de Jong K. Continuous sound from a marine vibrator causes behavioural responses of free-ranging, spawning Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123322. [PMID: 38211875 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Marine vibrators are a new technology being developed for seismic surveys. These devices can transmit continuous instead of impulsive sound and operate over a narrower frequency band and at lower peak pressure than airguns, which is assumed to reduce their environmental impacts. We exposed spawning Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) to sound produced by a prototype, but full-scale, marine vibrator, and monitored behavioural responses of tagged cod using acoustic telemetry. Fish were exposed to 10 × 3 h continuous sound treatments over a 4-day period using a randomised-block design. Sound exposure levels were comparable to airgun exposure experiments conducted previously with the same set-up ranging from ∼115 to 145 dB re 1 μPa2s during exposure. Telemetry data were used to assess 1) whether marine vibrator exposure displaced cod from the spawning ground, through estimation of residence and survival probabilities, and 2) fine-scale behavioural responses within the test site, namely swimming depth, activity levels, displacement, and home ranges. Forty-two spawning cod were tagged prior to the exposure, with 22 present during the exposure. All 22 tags were equipped with pressure sensors and ten of these additionally with accelerometers. While no premature departure from the spawning site was observed, cod reacted to the exposure by decreasing their activity levels (by up to 50%, SE = 7%) and increasing their swimming depth (by up to 2.5 m, SE = 1.0 m) within the test site during the exposure period. These behavioural responses varied by sex and time of day. Cod reactions to a marine vibrator may be more pronounced than reactions to airguns, possibly because continuous sound is more disturbing to fish than intermittent sound at the same exposure levels. However, given sample size limitations of the present study, further studies with continuous sound are necessary to fully understand its impact and biological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate McQueen
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway.
| | | | | | - Justin J Meager
- Natural Resources, GHD, 3 South Sea Islander Way, Maroochydore, Qld, 4558, Australia
| | | | - Esben Moland Olsen
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ørjan Karlsen
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - Petter H Kvadsheim
- Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI), PO Box 115, Horten, 3191, Norway
| | - Karen de Jong
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway
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25
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Yoon S, Park Y, Gerstoft P, Seong W. Predicting ocean pressure field with a physics-informed neural network. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 155:2037-2049. [PMID: 38477613 DOI: 10.1121/10.0025235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Ocean sound pressure field prediction, based on partially measured pressure magnitudes at different range-depths, is presented. Our proposed machine learning strategy employs a trained neural network with range-depth as input and outputs complex acoustic pressure at the location. We utilize a physics-informed neural network (PINN), fitting sampled data while considering the additional information provided by the partial differential equation (PDE) governing the ocean sound pressure field. In vast ocean environments with kilometer-scale ranges, pressure fields exhibit rapidly fluctuating phases, even at frequencies below 100 Hz, posing a challenge for neural networks to converge to accurate solutions. To address this, we utilize the envelope function from the parabolic-equation technique, fundamental in ocean sound propagation modeling. The envelope function shows slower variations across ranges, enabling PINNs to predict sound pressure in an ocean waveguide more effectively. Additional PDE information allows PINNs to capture PDE solutions even with a limited amount of training data, distinguishing them from purely data-driven machine learning approaches that require extensive datasets. Our approach is validated through simulations and using data from the SWellEx-96 experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyun Yoon
- Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0238, USA
| | - Yongsung Park
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0238, USA
| | - Peter Gerstoft
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0238, USA
| | - Woojae Seong
- Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Marine Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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26
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John JS, Christen DR, Flammer KL, Kendall TL, Nazario EC, Richter BP, Gill V, Williams TM. Conservation energetics of beluga whales: using resting and swimming metabolism to understand threats to an endangered population. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb246899. [PMID: 38483264 PMCID: PMC11070638 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The balance between energetic costs and acquisition in free-ranging species is essential for survival, and provides important insights regarding the physiological impact of anthropogenic disturbances on wild animals. For marine mammals such as beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas), the first step in modeling this bioenergetic balance requires an examination of resting and active metabolic demands. Here, we used open-flow respirometry to measure oxygen consumption during surface rest and submerged swimming by trained beluga whales, and compared these measurements with those of a commonly studied odontocete, the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Both resting metabolic rate (3012±126.0 kJ h-1) and total cost of transport (1.4±0.1 J kg-1 m-1) of beluga whales were consistent with predicted values for moderately sized marine mammals in temperate to cold-water environments, including dolphins measured in the present study. By coupling the rate of oxygen consumption during submerged swimming with locomotor metrics from animal-borne accelerometer tags, we developed predictive relationships for assessing energetic costs from swim speed, stroke rate and partial dynamic acceleration. Combining these energetic data with calculated aerobic dive limits for beluga whales (8.8 min), we found that high-speed responses to disturbance markedly reduce the whale's capacity for prolonged submergence, pushing the cetaceans to costly anaerobic performances that require prolonged recovery periods. Together, these species-specific energetic measurements for beluga whales provide two important metrics, gait-related locomotor costs and aerobic capacity limits, for identifying relative levels of physiological vulnerability to anthropogenic disturbances that have become increasingly pervasive in their Arctic habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S. John
- University of California, Santa Cruz, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 130 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | | | | | - Traci L. Kendall
- University of California, Santa Cruz, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 130 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Emily C. Nazario
- University of California, Santa Cruz, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 130 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Beau P. Richter
- University of California, Santa Cruz, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 130 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Verena Gill
- NOAA Fisheries, 222 W. 7th Ave, Anchorage, AK 99501, USA
| | - Terrie M. Williams
- University of California, Santa Cruz, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 130 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
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27
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Liu H, Zhang X, Deng L, Zhao Y, Tao S, Jia H, Xu J, Xia J. A simulation and risk assessment framework for water-energy-environment nexus: A case study in the city cluster along the middle reach of the Yangtze River, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169212. [PMID: 38097084 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In the Anthropocene, there is a strong interlinkage among water, energy, and the environment. The water-energy-environment nexus (WEEN) has been vigorously advocated as an emerging development paradigm and a global research agenda. Based on the nexus concept, a framework for the WEEN complex system simulation and risk assessment is developed. The three metropolitan areas of the city cluster along the middle reaches of the Yangtze River (CCMRYR) are taken as the objects. Regional policies are combined with generic shared socio-economic pathways (SSPs) to form a localized SSPs suitable for the research region. The dynamic simulation of the WEEN complex system and the risk analysis are carried out with the combination of system dynamics models and copula functions. Results show that: There are obvious differences in water utilization, energy consumption, air pollutant emissions, and water pollutant emissions among the three metropolitan areas. The issue of high carbon intensity in the Wuhan Metropolitan Coordinating Region needs to be emphasized and solved from the perspective of optimizing the industrial structure. Adhering to current development patterns, there will be successive peaks in water utilization, energy consumption, and carbon emissions in Wuhan, Dongting Lake, and Poyang Lake Metropolitan Coordinating Region by 2030, leading to high synergy risks at the systemic level, with maximum values of 0.84, 0.85, 0.62, respectively. A development path based on conservation priorities indicates that future policymaking needs to prioritize a resource-saving and pollution-control development pattern directed by technological upgrading against the backdrop of scarce natural resource endowments. The localized SSPs are a beneficial extension that enriches the narrative of regional-scale SSPs. The evolutionary trajectories and risk assessments of WEEN complex systems under different localized SSPs provide a sweeping insight into the consequences of policy decisions, thus enabling policymakers to appraise policy rationality and implement appropriate corrective measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Water System Science for Sponge City Construction, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Water System Science for Sponge City Construction, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Liangkun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Water System Science for Sponge City Construction, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Water System Science for Sponge City Construction, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shiyong Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Water System Science for Sponge City Construction, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Haifeng Jia
- School of environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Water System Science for Sponge City Construction, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Water System Science for Sponge City Construction, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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28
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Johnston ST, Painter KJ. Avoidance, confusion or solitude? Modelling how noise pollution affects whale migration. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2024; 12:17. [PMID: 38374001 PMCID: PMC10875784 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-024-00458-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Many baleen whales are renowned for their acoustic communication. Under pristine conditions, this communication can plausibly occur across hundreds of kilometres. Frequent vocalisations may allow a dispersed migrating group to maintain contact, and therefore benefit from improved navigation via the "wisdom of the crowd". Human activities have considerably inflated ocean noise levels. Here we develop a data-driven mathematical model to investigate how ambient noise levels may inhibit whale migration. Mathematical models allow us to simultaneously simulate collective whale migration behaviour, auditory cue detection, and noise propagation. Rising ambient noise levels are hypothesised to influence navigation through three mechanisms: (i) diminished communication space; (ii) reduced ability to hear external sound cues and; (iii) triggering noise avoidance behaviour. Comparing pristine and current soundscapes, we observe navigation impairment that ranges from mild (increased journey time) to extreme (failed navigation). Notably, the three mechanisms induce qualitatively different impacts on migration behaviour. We demonstrate the model's potential predictive power, exploring the extent to which migration may be altered under future shipping and construction scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart T Johnston
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Kevin J Painter
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Scienze, Progetto e Politiche del Territorio (DIST), Politecnico di Torino, 39, 10125, Turin, Italy
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29
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Nweeia MT. Biology and Cultural Importance of the Narwhal. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2024; 12:187-208. [PMID: 38358838 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-021122-112307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Though narwhal have survived multiple ice ages, including 2.5 Ma and the last interglacial period with warming temperatures, Arctic climate change during the Anthropocene introduces new challenges. Despite their evolutionary connection to Arctic Pleistocene fossils, narwhal archeocete ancestors from the Pliocene (Bohaskaia monodontoides) and Miocene (Denebola and Odobenocetopsidae) inhabited warm waters. Narwhal Arctic adaptation holds valuable insights into unique traits, including thin skin; extreme diving capacity; and a unique straight, spiraled, and sensory tooth organ system. Inaccessible weather, ice conditions, and darkness limit scientific studies, though Inuit knowledge adds valuable observations of narwhal ecology, biology, and behavior. Existing and future studies in myriad fields of physical, chemical, biological, and genetic science, combined and integrated with remote sensing and imaging technologies, will help elucidate narwhal evolution, biology, and adaptation. When integrated with Qaujimajatuqangit, "the Inuit way of knowing," these studies help describe interesting biologic expressions of the narwhal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin T Nweeia
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
- Arctic Studies Center, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Zoonomia Consortium, Broad Institute of Harvard/MIT, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Polar Institute, The Wilson Center, Washington, DC, USA
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30
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Gaggero T, Armelloni E, Codarin A, Chicco C, Spoto M, Franzosini C, Ciriaco S, Picciulin M. Electric boat underwater radiated noise and its potential impact on species of conservation interest. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 199:115937. [PMID: 38150973 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Electric boats are thought to be noiseless, but in-situ measurements are generally rare. The Underwater Radiated Noise (URN) of 8-m Trimaran Pontoon Boat with two outboard electric engines was measured in the Miramare Marine Protected Area (Trieste, Italy), together with the URN of a fibreglass 5-m boat, with a outboard gasoline engine, for comparisons. International standards and guidelines for shallow waters were considered. URN were provided in one-third octave band and in narrow band spectra. The electric boat produced a low input of underwater noise at low frequencies. Given a low-frequency hearing sensitivity, the listening space reduction (LSR) was lower when generated by the electric than by combustion engine boat for the brown meagre, a local Teleost fish. No difference was found for the bottlenose dolphin LSR although continuous, tonal, high frequency components generated by the electric boat are expected to be highly detrimental for the bottlenose dolphin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomaso Gaggero
- University of Genoa, Department of Telecommunications, Electrical and Electronics Engineering and Naval Architecture, Via Montallegro 1, 16145 Genova, Italy.
| | - Enrico Armelloni
- University of Parma, Department of Engineering and Architecture, Parco Area delle Scienze 181/a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Antonio Codarin
- ARPA FVG - Regional Environmental Protection Agency of Friuli Venezia Giulia, via Cairoli 14, 33057, Palmanova, Udine, Italy.
| | - Carola Chicco
- ARPA FVG - Regional Environmental Protection Agency of Friuli Venezia Giulia, via Cairoli 14, 33057, Palmanova, Udine, Italy
| | - Maurizio Spoto
- WWF Miramare Marine Protected Area, via Beirut 2/4, 34151 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Carlo Franzosini
- WWF Miramare Marine Protected Area, via Beirut 2/4, 34151 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Saul Ciriaco
- WWF Miramare Marine Protected Area, via Beirut 2/4, 34151 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Marta Picciulin
- WWF Miramare Marine Protected Area, via Beirut 2/4, 34151 Trieste, Italy; CNR-National Research Council, ISMAR - Institute of Marine Sciences in Venice, Castello 2737/f, 30122 Venice, Italy.
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31
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Tu Z, Tang L, Abo-Raya MH, Sun M, Shen H, Wang Y. Cloning and characterization of heat shock transcription factor 1 and its functional role for Hsp70 production in the sea slug Onchidium reevesii. Gene 2024; 893:147945. [PMID: 38381511 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the regulatory role of heat shock transcription factor 1 of sea slug Onchidium reevesii (OrHSF1) on Hsp70 expression in the sea slug under stress , the OrHSF1 gene was cloned and bioinformatics analysis was performed, then the gene and protein expressions by RNA interference (RNAi) mediated knockdown of OrHSF1 expression were measured to clarify the regulatory relationship between OrHSF1 and Hsp70 under low-frequency noise (LFN) stress. Our study was the first to clone a 1572 bp sequence of the OrHSF1 gene, with the sequence coding for amino acids (CDS) being 729 bp, encoding 243 amino acids. O. reevesii shared a close evolutionary relationship with mollusks such as the Aplysia californica. OrHSF1 gene is widely expressed in different tissues of sea slugs, with the highest expression in the intestine and the lowest in the reproductive glands. Furthermore, we used RNA interference (RNAi) as a tool to silence the OrHSF1 gene in the central nervous system (CNS) and the results indicated that gene silencing was occurring systematically in the CNS and the suppression of OrHSF1 expression by RNAi-mediated gene silencing altered the expression of Hsp70; besides, the expression trends of OrHSF1 gene and Hsp70 were consistent in the 3 and 5-day RNAi experiment. Moreover, in sea slugs injected with siHSF1 and exposed to LFN, the mRNA expression and protein expression of Hsp70 in the CNS were significantly decreased compared to the low-frequency noise group (P < 0.05). This study demonstrated that OrHSF1 regulates Hsp70 expression in marine mollusks under low-frequency noise, and HSF1-Hsp70 axis plays a key role in stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Tu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Liusiqiao Tang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Mohamed H Abo-Raya
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Mengying Sun
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Heding Shen
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Youji Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Basan F, Fischer JG, Putland R, Brinkkemper J, de Jong CAF, Binnerts B, Norro A, Kühnel D, Ødegaard LA, Andersson M, Lalander E, Tougaard J, Griffiths ET, Kosecka M, Edwards E, Merchant ND, de Jong K, Robinson S, Wang L, Kinneging N. The underwater soundscape of the North Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 198:115891. [PMID: 38101054 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
As awareness on the impact of anthropogenic underwater noise on marine life grows, underwater noise measurement programs are needed to determine the current status of marine areas and monitor long-term trends. The Joint Monitoring Programme for Ambient Noise in the North Sea (JOMOPANS) collaborative project was funded by the EU Interreg to collect a unique dataset of underwater noise levels at 19 sites across the North Sea, spanning many different countries and covering the period from 2019 to 2020. The ambient noise from this dataset has been characterised and compared - setting a benchmark for future measurements in the North Sea area. By identifying clusters with similar sound characteristics in three broadband frequency bands (25-160 Hz, 0.2-1.6 kHz, and 2-10 kHz), geographical areas that are similarly affected by sound have been identified. The measured underwater sound levels show a persistent and spatially uniform correlation with wind speed at high frequencies (above 1 kHz) and a correlation with the distance from ships at mid and high frequencies (between 40 Hz and 4 kHz). Correlation with ocean current velocity at low frequencies (up to 200 Hz), which are susceptible to nonacoustic contamination by flow noise, was also evaluated. These correlations were evaluated and simplified linear scaling laws for wind and current speeds were derived. The presented dataset provides a baseline for underwater noise measurements in the North Sea and shows that spatial variability of the dominant sound sources must be considered to predict the impact of noise reduction measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Basan
- Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH), Germany.
| | - J-G Fischer
- Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH), Germany
| | - R Putland
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), United Kingdom
| | - J Brinkkemper
- WaterProof Marine Consultancy & Services B.V., Netherlands
| | - C A F de Jong
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Netherlands
| | - B Binnerts
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Netherlands
| | - A Norro
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Belgium
| | - D Kühnel
- Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH), Germany
| | - L-A Ødegaard
- Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI), Norway
| | - M Andersson
- Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), Sweden
| | - E Lalander
- Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), Sweden
| | - J Tougaard
- Aarhus University (AU), Department of Ecoscience, Denmark
| | - E T Griffiths
- Aarhus University (AU), Department of Ecoscience, Denmark
| | - M Kosecka
- Marine Scotland (MS), United Kingdom
| | - E Edwards
- Marine Scotland (MS), United Kingdom
| | - N D Merchant
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), United Kingdom
| | - K de Jong
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Norway
| | - S Robinson
- National Physical Laboratory (NPL), United Kingdom
| | - L Wang
- National Physical Laboratory (NPL), United Kingdom
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Cheng X, Zhang L, Gao Z, Li K, Xu J, Liu W, Ru X. Transcriptomic analysis reveals the immune response mechanisms of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus under noise stress from offshore wind turbine. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167802. [PMID: 37838058 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
As an important form of renewable energy, offshore wind power can effectively reduce dependence on traditional energy sources and decrease carbon emissions. However, operation of wind turbines can generate underwater noise that may have negative impacts on marine benthic organisms in the surrounding area. Sea cucumbers are slow-moving invertebrates that inhabit the ocean, relying on their immune system to adapt to their environment. To evaluate the frequency range of characteristic noise produced by offshore wind turbines, we conducted a field survey. Additionally, we utilized sea cucumbers in simulated experiments to assess their response to the noise produced by offshore wind turbines. We established a control group, a low-frequency noise group simulating offshore wind turbine noise at 125 Hz and 250 Hz, and a high-frequency noise group at 2500 Hz, each lasting for 7 days. Results from measuring immune enzyme activity in the coelomic fluid suggest that noise can reduce the activity of superoxide dismutase enzymes, which may make sea cucumbers more susceptible to oxidative damage caused by free radicals. Exposure to low-frequency noise can have the effect of diminishing the activity of catalase, and this decrease in catalase activity could potentially increase the susceptibility of the sea cucumber's coelom to inflammation. In order to elucidate the hypothetical mechanism of immune response, intestinal tissue was extracted for transcriptome sequencing. The results showed that under 125 Hz low-frequency noise stress, the number of differentially expressed genes was the highest, reaching 1764. Under noise stress, sea cucumber's cell apoptosis and cell motility are reduced, interfering with lipid metabolism process and membrane synthesis. This research provides theoretical support for the environmental safety assessment of offshore wind power construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Cheng
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Libin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhaoming Gao
- Binzhou Ocean Development Research Institute, Binzhou 256600, China
| | - Kehan Li
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jialei Xu
- Zhongke Tonghe (Shandong) Ocean Technology Co., Ltd., Dongying 257200, China
| | - Weijian Liu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Xiaoshang Ru
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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34
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Gransier R, Kastelein RA. Similar susceptibility to temporary hearing threshold shifts despite different audiograms in harbor porpoises and harbor seals. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 155:396-404. [PMID: 38240666 DOI: 10.1121/10.0024343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
When they are exposed to loud fatiguing sounds in the oceans, marine mammals are susceptible to hearing damage in the form of temporary hearing threshold shifts (TTSs) or permanent hearing threshold shifts. We compared the level-dependent and frequency-dependent susceptibility to TTSs in harbor seals and harbor porpoises, species with different hearing sensitivities in the low- and high-frequency regions. Both species were exposed to 100% duty cycle one-sixth-octave noise bands at frequencies that covered their entire hearing range. In the case of the 6.5 kHz exposure for the harbor seals, a pure tone (continuous wave) was used. TTS was quantified as a function of sound pressure level (SPL) half an octave above the center frequency of the fatiguing sound. The species have different audiograms, but their frequency-specific susceptibility to TTS was more similar. The hearing frequency range in which both species were most susceptible to TTS was 22.5-50 kHz. Furthermore, the frequency ranges were characterized by having similar critical levels (defined as the SPL of the fatiguing sound above which the magnitude of TTS induced as a function of SPL increases more strongly). This standardized between-species comparison indicates that the audiogram is not a good predictor of frequency-dependent susceptibility to TTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Gransier
- Research Group Experimental Oto-rhino-laryngology (ExpORL), Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 721, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ronald A Kastelein
- Sea Mammal Research Company (SEAMARCO), Julianalaan 46, 3842 CC Harderwijk, The Netherlands
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Picciulin M, Petrizzo A, Madricardo F, Barbanti A, Bastianini M, Biagiotti I, Bosi S, Centurelli M, Codarin A, Costantini I, Dadić V, Falkner R, Folegot T, Galvez D, Leonori I, Menegon S, Mihanović H, Muslim S, Pari A, Pari S, Pleslić G, Radulović M, Rako-Gospić N, Sabbatini D, Tegowski J, Vukadin P, Ghezzo M. First basin scale spatial-temporal characterization of underwater sound in the Mediterranean Sea. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22799. [PMID: 38129457 PMCID: PMC10739739 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49567-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic underwater noise is an emergent pollutant. Despite several worldwide monitoring programs, only few data are available for the Mediterranean Sea, one of the global biodiversity hotspots. The results of the first continuous acoustic programme run at a transnational basin scale in the Mediterranean Sea are here presented. Recordings were done from March 2020 to June 2021, including the COVID-19 lockdown, at nine stations in the Northern Adriatic Sea. Spatial-temporal variations of the underwater sound are described, having one third octave band sound pressure levels (SPLs) from 10 Hz to 20 kHz as metrics. Higher and more variable SPLs, mainly related to vessel traffic, were found close to harbours, whereas Natura 2000 stations experienced lower SPLs. Lower values were recorded during the lockdown in five stations. Median yearly SPLs ranged between 64 and 95 as well as 70 and 100 dB re 1 µPa for 63 and 125 Hz bands, respectively. These values are comparable with those previously found in busy shallow EU basins but higher levels are expected during a business-as-usual period. This is a baseline assessment for a highly impacted and environmental valuable area, that needs to be managed in a new sustainable blue growth strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Picciulin
- CNR-National Research Council, ISMAR - Institute of Marine Sciences in Venice, Castello 2737/F, 30122, Venice, Italy.
| | - Antonio Petrizzo
- CNR-National Research Council, ISMAR - Institute of Marine Sciences in Venice, Castello 2737/F, 30122, Venice, Italy
| | - Fantina Madricardo
- CNR-National Research Council, ISMAR - Institute of Marine Sciences in Venice, Castello 2737/F, 30122, Venice, Italy
| | - Andrea Barbanti
- CNR-National Research Council, ISMAR - Institute of Marine Sciences in Venice, Castello 2737/F, 30122, Venice, Italy
| | - Mauro Bastianini
- CNR-National Research Council, ISMAR - Institute of Marine Sciences in Venice, Castello 2737/F, 30122, Venice, Italy
| | - Ilaria Biagiotti
- CNR-National Research Council, IRBIM -Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies, SS Ancona, Largo Fiera Della Pesca 1, 60125, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sofia Bosi
- CNR-National Research Council, ISMAR - Institute of Marine Sciences in Venice, Castello 2737/F, 30122, Venice, Italy
| | - Michele Centurelli
- CNR-National Research Council, IRBIM -Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies, SS Ancona, Largo Fiera Della Pesca 1, 60125, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Codarin
- ARPA FVG - Regional Environmental Protection Agency of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Via Cairoli 14, 33057, Palmanova, Udine, Italy
| | - Ilaria Costantini
- CNR-National Research Council, IRBIM -Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies, SS Ancona, Largo Fiera Della Pesca 1, 60125, Ancona, Italy
| | - Vlado Dadić
- IOR - Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište I. Meštrovića 63, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Raffaela Falkner
- Blue World Institute of Marine Research and Conservation, Kaštel 24, 51551, Veli Lošinj, Croatia
| | - Thomas Folegot
- Quiet Oceans, Bâtiment Cap Ocean, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 525 Avenue Alexis de Rochon, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Daphnie Galvez
- CNR-National Research Council, ISMAR - Institute of Marine Sciences in Venice, Castello 2737/F, 30122, Venice, Italy
| | - Iole Leonori
- CNR-National Research Council, IRBIM -Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies, SS Ancona, Largo Fiera Della Pesca 1, 60125, Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefano Menegon
- CNR-National Research Council, ISMAR - Institute of Marine Sciences in Venice, Castello 2737/F, 30122, Venice, Italy
| | - Hrvoje Mihanović
- IOR - Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište I. Meštrovića 63, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Stipe Muslim
- IOR - Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište I. Meštrovića 63, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Alice Pari
- Fondazione Cetacea Onlus, Viale Torino 7A, 47838, Riccione, Italy
| | - Sauro Pari
- Fondazione Cetacea Onlus, Viale Torino 7A, 47838, Riccione, Italy
| | - Grgur Pleslić
- Blue World Institute of Marine Research and Conservation, Kaštel 24, 51551, Veli Lošinj, Croatia
| | - Marko Radulović
- Blue World Institute of Marine Research and Conservation, Kaštel 24, 51551, Veli Lošinj, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Rako-Gospić
- Blue World Institute of Marine Research and Conservation, Kaštel 24, 51551, Veli Lošinj, Croatia
| | - Davide Sabbatini
- Fondazione Cetacea Onlus, Viale Torino 7A, 47838, Riccione, Italy
| | - Jaroslaw Tegowski
- Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Av. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Predrag Vukadin
- IOR - Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište I. Meštrovića 63, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Michol Ghezzo
- CNR-National Research Council, ISMAR - Institute of Marine Sciences in Venice, Castello 2737/F, 30122, Venice, Italy
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36
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Looby A, Erbe C, Bravo S, Cox K, Davies HL, Di Iorio L, Jézéquel Y, Juanes F, Martin CW, Mooney TA, Radford C, Reynolds LK, Rice AN, Riera A, Rountree R, Spriel B, Stanley J, Vela S, Parsons MJG. Global inventory of species categorized by known underwater sonifery. Sci Data 2023; 10:892. [PMID: 38110417 PMCID: PMC10728183 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02745-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A working group from the Global Library of Underwater Biological Sounds effort collaborated with the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) to create an inventory of species confirmed or expected to produce sound underwater. We used several existing inventories and additional literature searches to compile a dataset categorizing scientific knowledge of sonifery for 33,462 species and subspecies across marine mammals, other tetrapods, fishes, and invertebrates. We found 729 species documented as producing active and/or passive sounds under natural conditions, with another 21,911 species deemed likely to produce sounds based on evaluated taxonomic relationships. The dataset is available on both figshare and WoRMS where it can be regularly updated as new information becomes available. The data can also be integrated with other databases (e.g., SeaLifeBase, Global Biodiversity Information Facility) to advance future research on the distribution, evolution, ecology, management, and conservation of underwater soniferous species worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Looby
- Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Nature Coast Biological Station, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Cedar Key, FL, USA.
| | - Christine Erbe
- Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Santiago Bravo
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Kieran Cox
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Hailey L Davies
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Lucia Di Iorio
- Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, CNRS, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | - Youenn Jézéquel
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Francis Juanes
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Charles W Martin
- Nature Coast Biological Station, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Cedar Key, FL, USA
- Stokes School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of South Alabama and Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island, AL, USA
| | - T Aran Mooney
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Craig Radford
- Institute of Marine Science, Leigh Marine Laboratory, University of Auckland, Warkworth, New Zealand
| | - Laura K Reynolds
- Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Sciences Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Aaron N Rice
- K. Lisa Yang Center for Conservation Bioacoustics, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Amalis Riera
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Rodney Rountree
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- The Fish Listener, Waquoit, MA, USA
| | - Brittnie Spriel
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Jenni Stanley
- Coastal Marine Field Station, School of Science, University of Waikato, Tauranga, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Vela
- MERIDIAN, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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37
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Wang M, Mei J, Darras KFA, Liu F. VGGish-based detection of biological sound components and their spatio-temporal variations in a subtropical forest in eastern China. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16462. [PMID: 38025750 PMCID: PMC10656901 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Passive acoustic monitoring technology is widely used to monitor the diversity of vocal animals, but the question of how to quickly extract effective sound patterns remains a challenge due to the difficulty of distinguishing biological sounds within multiple sound sources in a soundscape. In this study, we address the potential application of the VGGish model, pre-trained on Google's AudioSet dataset, for the extraction of acoustic features, together with an unsupervised clustering method based on the Gaussian mixture model, to identify various sound sources from a soundscape of a subtropical forest in China. The results show that different biotic and abiotic components can be distinguished from various confounding sound sources. Birds and insects were the two primary biophony sound sources, and their sounds displayed distinct temporal patterns across both diurnal and monthly time frames and distinct spatial patterns in the landscape. Using the clustering and modeling method of the general sound feature set, we quickly depicted the soundscape in a subtropical forest ecosystem, which could be used to track dynamic changes in the acoustic environment and provide help for biodiversity and ecological environment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jinjuan Mei
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Kevin FA Darras
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems & Engineering Lab, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fanglin Liu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
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38
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Balk SJ, Bochner RE, Ramdhanie MA, Reilly BK. Preventing Excessive Noise Exposure in Infants, Children, and Adolescents. Pediatrics 2023; 152:e2023063753. [PMID: 37864408 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-063753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Noise exposure is a major cause of hearing loss in adults. Yet, noise affects people of all ages, and noise-induced hearing loss is also a problem for young people. Sensorineural hearing loss caused by noise and other toxic exposures is usually irreversible. Environmental noise, such as traffic noise, can affect learning, physiologic parameters, and quality of life. Children and adolescents have unique vulnerabilities to noise. Children may be exposed beginning in NICUs and well-baby nurseries, at home, at school, in their neighborhoods, and in recreational settings. Personal listening devices are increasingly used, even by small children. Infants and young children cannot remove themselves from noisy situations and must rely on adults to do so, children may not recognize hazardous noise exposures, and teenagers generally do not understand the consequences of high exposure to music from personal listening devices or attending concerts and dances. Environmental noise exposure has disproportionate effects on underserved communities. In this report and the accompanying policy statement, common sources of noise and effects on hearing at different life stages are reviewed. Noise-abatement interventions in various settings are discussed. Because noise exposure often starts in infancy and its effects result mainly from cumulative exposure to loud noise over long periods of time, more attention is needed to its presence in everyday activities starting early in life. Listening to music and attending dances, concerts, and celebratory and other events are sources of joy, pleasure, and relaxation for many people. These situations, however, often result in potentially harmful noise exposures. Pediatricians can potentially lessen exposures, including promotion of safer listening, by raising awareness in parents, children, and teenagers. Noise exposure is underrecognized as a serious public health issue in the United States, with exposure limits enforceable only in workplaces and not for the general public, including children and adolescents. Greater awareness of noise hazards is needed at a societal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie J Balk
- Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Risa E Bochner
- Department of Pediatrics, New York City Health and Hospitals Harlem, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | | | - Brian K Reilly
- Otolaryngology and Pediatrics, George Washington University Medical School, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia
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Rojas E, Gouret M, Agostini S, Fiorini S, Fonseca P, Lacroix G, Médoc V. From behaviour to complex communities: Resilience to anthropogenic noise in a fish-induced trophic cascade. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122371. [PMID: 37580005 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Sound emissions from human activities represent a pervasive environmental stressor. Individual responses in terms of behaviour, physiology or anatomy are well documented but whether they propagate through nested ecological interactions to alter complex communities needs to be better understood. This is even more relevant for freshwater ecosystems that harbour a disproportionate fraction of biodiversity but receive less attention than marine and terrestrial systems. We conducted a mesocosm investigation to study the effect of chronic exposure to motorboat noise on the dynamics of a freshwater community including phytoplankton, zooplankton, and roach as a planktivorous fish. In addition, we performed a microcosm investigation to test whether roach's feeding behaviour was influenced by the noise condition they experienced in the mesocosms. Indeed, compared to other freshwater fish, the response of roach to motorboat noise apparently does not weaken with repeated exposure, suggesting the absence of habituation. As expected under the trophic cascade hypothesis, predation by roach induced structural changes in the planktonic communities with a decrease in the main grazing zooplankton that slightly benefited green algae. Surprisingly, although the microcosm investigation revealed persistent alterations in the feeding behaviour of the roach exposed to chronic noise, the dynamics of the roach-dominated planktonic communities did not differ between the noisy and noiseless mesocosms. It might be that roach's individual response to noise was not strong enough to cascade or that the biological cues coming from the conspecifics and the many planktonic organisms have diverted each fish's attention from noise. Our work suggests that the top-down structuring influence of roach on planktonic communities might be resilient to noise and highlights how extrapolating impacts from individual responses to complex communities can be tricky.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Rojas
- Equipe Neuro-Ethologie Sensorielle (ENES), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), INSERM UMRS 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France.
| | - Mélanie Gouret
- Equipe Neuro-Ethologie Sensorielle (ENES), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), INSERM UMRS 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France.
| | - Simon Agostini
- Centre de Recherche en Ecologie Expérimentale et Prédictive (CEREEP Ecotron Ile De France), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS-UAR 3194, PSL Research University, Saint-Pierre-lès-Nemours, France.
| | - Sarah Fiorini
- Centre de Recherche en Ecologie Expérimentale et Prédictive (CEREEP Ecotron Ile De France), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS-UAR 3194, PSL Research University, Saint-Pierre-lès-Nemours, France.
| | - Paulo Fonseca
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciencias, CE3c-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Gérard Lacroix
- Centre de Recherche en Ecologie Expérimentale et Prédictive (CEREEP Ecotron Ile De France), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS-UAR 3194, PSL Research University, Saint-Pierre-lès-Nemours, France.
| | - Vincent Médoc
- Equipe Neuro-Ethologie Sensorielle (ENES), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), INSERM UMRS 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France.
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40
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S N X E, Nair NR, Raju RP, Sajeev R. Statistical study on shallow water soundscape variability of Eastern Arabian Sea using noise level metrics. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1314. [PMID: 37831220 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11912-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Underwater soundscape that spans a broad frequency band shows variability consistent with contributing noise sources and ocean environment. However, increased anthropogenic activities result in noise proliferation which can harm natural marine habitat. Continuous monitoring of background sound is useful to assess such spatio-temporal variability of soundscape. Standard noise level metrics, for instance, mean (μ), 90th percentiles (90P), standard deviation (σ), and kurtosis (β), are constructed from noise field measured from three coastal stations in Eastern Arabian Sea. These metrics are found to be suitable to describe the soundscape variability with respect to season, frequency, and depth. Mean and 90P are used to compare the seasonal variations while kurtosis metrics are exercised to check the impulsive nature of composite signal. Histogram representation and probability density function (PDF) were utilized to analyze the spectral variation in soundscape with respect to season. Analysis was carried out at 500-ms temporal window in two spectral bands corresponding to traffic and wind noise fields. Seasonal analysis shows that in summer, mean noise level decreases as hydrophone depth increases, while in winter, deeper depths have higher mean value with the presence of seasonal surface duct. This implication of sound speed profile on noise field has also been confirmed using appropriate noise model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S N X
- Department of Physical Oceanography, School of Marine Science, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, 682016, India.
| | - Nimmi R Nair
- Naval Physical and Oceanographic Laboratory, Ministry of Defense, Thrikkakara, Kochi, Kerala, 682021, India
| | - R P Raju
- Naval Physical and Oceanographic Laboratory, Ministry of Defense, Thrikkakara, Kochi, Kerala, 682021, India
| | - R Sajeev
- Department of Physical Oceanography, School of Marine Science, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, 682016, India
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41
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Possenti L, Reichart GJ, de Nooijer L, Lam FP, de Jong C, Colin M, Binnerts B, Boot A, von der Heydt A. Predicting the contribution of climate change on North Atlantic underwater sound propagation. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16208. [PMID: 37842042 PMCID: PMC10573315 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the industrial revolution, oceans have become substantially noisier. The noise increase is mainly caused by increased shipping, resource exploration, and infrastructure development affecting marine life at multiple levels, including behavior and physiology. Together with increasing anthropogenic noise, climate change is altering the thermal structure of the oceans, which in turn might affect noise propagation. During this century, we are witnessing an increase in seawater temperature and a decrease in ocean pH. Ocean acidification will decrease sound absorption at low frequencies (<10 kHz), enhancing long-range sound propagation. At the same time, temperature changes can modify the sound speed profile, leading to the creation or disappearance of sound ducts in which sound can propagate over large distances. The worldwide effect of climate change was explored for the winter and summer seasons using the (2018 to 2022) and (2094 to 2098, projected) atmospheric and seawater temperature, salinity, pH and wind speed as input. Using numerical modelling, we here explore the impact of climate change on underwater sound propagation. The future climate variables were taken from a Community Earth System Model v2 (CESM2) simulations forced under the concentration-driven SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. The sound modeling results show, for future climate change scenarios, a global increase of sound speed at different depths (5, 125, 300, and 640 m) except for the North Atlantic Ocean and the Norwegian Sea, where in the upper 125 m sound speed will decrease by as much as 40 m s-1. This decrease in sound speed results in a new sub-surface duct in the upper 200 m of the water column allowing ship noise to propagate over large distances (>500 km). In the case of the Northeast Atlantic Ocean, this sub-surface duct will only be present during winter, leading to similar total mean square pressure level (SPLtot) values in the summer for both (2018 to 2022) and (2094 to 2098). We observed a strong and similar correlation for the two climate change scenarios, with an increase of the top 200 m SPLtot and a slowdown of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) leading to an increase of SPLtot at the end of the century by 7 dB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Possenti
- Ocean Systems (OCS), Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Reichart
- Ocean Systems (OCS), Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Texel, The Netherlands
- Department of Earth Sciences—Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lennart de Nooijer
- Ocean Systems (OCS), Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Frans-Peter Lam
- Acoustics & Sonar, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Christ de Jong
- Acoustics & Sonar, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Colin
- Acoustics & Sonar, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Binnerts
- Acoustics & Sonar, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Amber Boot
- Department of Physics, Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht (IMAU)—Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna von der Heydt
- Department of Physics, Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht (IMAU)—Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Complex Systems Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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42
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Guo Y, Marin JM, Ashry I, Trichili A, Havlik MN, Ng TK, Duarte CM, Ooi BS. Submarine optical fiber communication provides an unrealized deep-sea observation network. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15412. [PMID: 37723196 PMCID: PMC10507058 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42748-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Oceans are crucial to human survival, providing natural resources and most of the global oxygen supply, and are responsible for a large portion of worldwide economic development. Although it is widely considered a silent world, the sea is filled with natural sounds generated by marine life and geological processes. Man-made underwater sounds, such as active sonars, maritime traffic, and offshore oil and mineral exploration, have significantly affected underwater soundscapes and species. In this work, we report on a joint optical fiber-based communication and sensing technology aiming to reduce noise pollution in the sea while providing connectivity simultaneously with a variety of underwater applications. The designed multifunctional fiber-based system enables two-way data transfer, monitoring marine life and ship movement near the deployed fiber at the sea bottom and sensing temperature. The deployed fiber is equally harnessed to transfer energy that the internet of underwater things (IoUTs) devices can harvest. The reported approach significantly reduces the costs and effects of monitoring marine ecosystems while ensuring data transfer and ocean monitoring applications and providing continuous power for submerged IoUT devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujian Guo
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Juan M Marin
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Islam Ashry
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abderrahmen Trichili
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michelle-Nicole Havlik
- Red Sea Research Center and Computational Biosciences Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tien Khee Ng
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carlos M Duarte
- Red Sea Research Center and Computational Biosciences Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Boon S Ooi
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
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43
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Ellis-Soto D, Oliver RY, Brum-Bastos V, Demšar U, Jesmer B, Long JA, Cagnacci F, Ossi F, Queiroz N, Hindell M, Kays R, Loretto MC, Mueller T, Patchett R, Sims DW, Tucker MA, Ropert-Coudert Y, Rutz C, Jetz W. A vision for incorporating human mobility in the study of human-wildlife interactions. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:1362-1372. [PMID: 37550509 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02125-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
As human activities increasingly shape land- and seascapes, understanding human-wildlife interactions is imperative for preserving biodiversity. Habitats are impacted not only by static modifications, such as roads, buildings and other infrastructure, but also by the dynamic movement of people and their vehicles occurring over shorter time scales. Although there is increasing realization that both components of human activity substantially affect wildlife, capturing more dynamic processes in ecological studies has proved challenging. Here we propose a conceptual framework for developing a 'dynamic human footprint' that explicitly incorporates human mobility, providing a key link between anthropogenic stressors and ecological impacts across spatiotemporal scales. Specifically, the dynamic human footprint integrates a range of metrics to fully acknowledge the time-varying nature of human activities and to enable scale-appropriate assessments of their impacts on wildlife behaviour, demography and distributions. We review existing terrestrial and marine human-mobility data products and provide a roadmap for how these could be integrated and extended to enable more comprehensive analyses of human impacts on biodiversity in the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Ellis-Soto
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Ruth Y Oliver
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
| | - Vanessa Brum-Bastos
- School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
- Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformatics, Wroclaw University of Environmental Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Urška Demšar
- School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Brett Jesmer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Jed A Long
- Department of Geography & Environment, Centre for Animals on the Move, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Francesca Cagnacci
- Animal Ecology Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center S.C.A.R.L., Palermo, Italy
| | - Federico Ossi
- Animal Ecology Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Nuno Queiroz
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado/BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
- Marine Biological Association, Plymouth, UK
| | - Mark Hindell
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Roland Kays
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Dept Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Matthias-Claudio Loretto
- Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Group, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Berchtesgaden National Park, Berchtesgaden, Germany
- Department of Migration, Max-Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
| | - Thomas Mueller
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt (Main), Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Robert Patchett
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - David W Sims
- Marine Biological Association, Plymouth, UK
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Marlee A Tucker
- Department of Environmental Science, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yan Ropert-Coudert
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, La Rochelle Université - CNRS, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Christian Rutz
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Walter Jetz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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44
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Chapuis L, Yopak KE, Radford CA. From the morphospace to the soundscape: Exploring the diversity and functional morphology of the fish inner ear, with a focus on elasmobranchsa). THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 154:1526-1538. [PMID: 37695297 DOI: 10.1121/10.0020850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Fishes, including elasmobranchs (sharks, rays, and skates), present an astonishing diversity in inner ear morphologies; however, the functional significance of these variations and how they confer auditory capacity is yet to be resolved. The relationship between inner ear structure and hearing performance is unclear, partly because most of the morphological and biomechanical mechanisms that underlie the hearing functions are complex and poorly known. Here, we present advanced opportunities to document discontinuities in the macroevolutionary trends of a complex biological form, like the inner ear, and test hypotheses regarding what factors may be driving morphological diversity. Three-dimensional (3D) bioimaging, geometric morphometrics, and finite element analysis are methods that can be combined to interrogate the structure-to-function links in elasmobranch fish inner ears. In addition, open-source 3D morphology datasets, advances in phylogenetic comparative methods, and methods for the analysis of highly multidimensional shape data have leveraged these opportunities. Questions that can be explored with this toolkit are identified, the different methods are justified, and remaining challenges are highlighted as avenues for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chapuis
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
| | - K E Yopak
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, Centre for Marine Science, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403, USA
| | - C A Radford
- Leigh Marine Laboratory, Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Leigh 0985, New Zealand
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45
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Kaidarova A, Geraldi NR, Wilson RP, Kosel J, Meekan MG, Eguíluz VM, Hussain MM, Shamim A, Liao H, Srivastava M, Saha SS, Strano MS, Zhang X, Ooi BS, Holton M, Hopkins LW, Jin X, Gong X, Quintana F, Tovasarov A, Tasmagambetova A, Duarte CM. Wearable sensors for monitoring marine environments and their inhabitants. Nat Biotechnol 2023; 41:1208-1220. [PMID: 37365259 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-01827-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Human societies depend on marine ecosystems, but their degradation continues. Toward mitigating this decline, new and more effective ways to precisely measure the status and condition of marine environments are needed alongside existing rebuilding strategies. Here, we provide an overview of how sensors and wearable technology developed for humans could be adapted to improve marine monitoring. We describe barriers that have slowed the transition of this technology from land to sea, update on the developments in sensors to advance ocean observation and advocate for more widespread use of wearables on marine organisms in the wild and in aquaculture. We propose that large-scale use of wearables could facilitate the concept of an 'internet of marine life' that might contribute to a more robust and effective observation system for the oceans and commercial aquaculture operations. These observations may aid in rationalizing strategies toward conservation and restoration of marine communities and habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altynay Kaidarova
- Red Sea Research Center and Computational Biosciences Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
- Central Asian Institute of Ecological Research, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
| | - Nathan R Geraldi
- Red Sea Research Center and Computational Biosciences Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- NatureMetrics, Guildford, UK
| | - Rory P Wilson
- Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Jürgen Kosel
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Sensors Systems Division, Silicon Austria Labs, High Tech Campus, Villach, Austria
| | - Mark G Meekan
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, the Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, University of Western Australia, Oceans Institute, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Víctor M Eguíluz
- Instituto de Física Interdisciplinary Sistemas Complejos IFISC (CSIC-UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Atif Shamim
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanguang Liao
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mani Srivastava
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Swapnil Sayan Saha
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiangliang Zhang
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Boon S Ooi
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark Holton
- Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Lloyd W Hopkins
- Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Xiaojia Jin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xun Gong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Flavio Quintana
- Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos (IBIOMAR), CONICET, Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | | | | | - Carlos M Duarte
- Red Sea Research Center and Computational Biosciences Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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46
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Vasconcelos RO, Gordillo-Martinez F, Ramos A, Lau IH. Effects of Noise Exposure and Ageing on Anxiety and Social Behaviour in Zebrafish. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1165. [PMID: 37759565 PMCID: PMC10525370 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Noise pollution is creating a wide range of health problems related to physiological stress and anxiety that impact the social life of vertebrates, including humans. Ageing is known to be associated with changes in susceptibility to acoustic stimuli; however, the interaction between noise effects and senescence is not well understood. We tested the effects of 24 h continuous white noise (150 dB re 1 Pa) on both young adults and old zebrafish in terms of anxiety (novel tank diving test), social interactions (with mirror/conspecific attraction), and shoaling behaviour. Both noise and ageing induced higher anxiety responses in a novel environment. Since the old zebrafish showed longer bottom dwelling, acoustic treatment induced the opposite pattern with an initial increase in vertical exploration in the aged individuals. Both noise- and age-related anxiety responses were lowered when individuals were tested within a group. Regarding social interactions, both noise and ageing seemed to cause an increase in their proximity to a mirror. Although the results were not statistically significant, noise exposure seemed to further enhance conspecific attraction. Moreover, the interindividual distance within a shoal decreased with noise treatment in the aged individuals. This study is a first attempt to investigate the effects of both noise and ageing on zebrafish behaviour, suggesting the age-dependent physiological coping mechanisms associated with environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel O. Vasconcelos
- Institute of Science and Environment, University of Saint Joseph, Macao, China
- MARE–Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET—Aquatic Research Network, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- EPCV–Department of Life Sciences, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Andreia Ramos
- Institute of Science and Environment, University of Saint Joseph, Macao, China
| | - Ieng Hou Lau
- Institute of Science and Environment, University of Saint Joseph, Macao, China
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47
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Ogawa M, Kimura SS. Variations in echolocation click characteristics of finless porpoise in response to day/night and absence/presence of vessel noise. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288513. [PMID: 37540693 PMCID: PMC10403093 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Small odontocetes produce echolocation clicks to feed and navigate, making it an essential function for their survival. Recently, the effect of vessel noise on small odontocetes behavior has attracted attention owing to increase in vessel activities; however, the effects of the surrounding environmental factor, vessel noise, and day/night on echolocation click characteristics have not been well studied. Here, we examined the effects of vessel noise and day/night on variations in echolocation clicks and click trains parameters. Passive acoustic monitoring of on-axis echolocation clicks produced by free-ranging finless porpoises (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis sunameri) was performed at two sites in Japan, Seto Inland Sea and Mikawa Bay, in June-September 2021 and March-August 2022, using A-tag and SoundTrap 300HF. Generalized Linear Model was used to elucidate the effect of vessel noise, day/night, and surrounding environmental factors (water temperature, synthetic flow velocity, and noise level) on echolocation click and click train parameters. Echolocation click and click train parameters were strongly affected by day/night, whereas the absence/presence vessel noise did not exhibit statistically significant influence. Particularly, -3 dB bandwidth was wider, click duration was shorter, and inter-click intervals in a train were shorter at night, which may facilitate information processing at night, thereby compensating for the lack of visual information. The interaction between day/night and the absence/presence of vessel noise affected the source level of finless porpoises, with higher levels observed in the absence of vessel noise during the daytime compared to other conditions at the site with low vessel traffic. Overall, these results suggest that echolocation clicks by finless porpoise were likely to fluctuate to adapt with surrounding complex environmental conditions, especially day/night.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Ogawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Distinguished Doctoral Program of Platforms (WISE), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoko S Kimura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Distinguished Doctoral Program of Platforms (WISE), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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48
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Jézéquel Y, Aoki N, Cones SF, Mooney TA. Daytime boat sound does not affect the behavior of wild thorny oysters (Spondylus americanus): A field-based study. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 154:1041-1047. [PMID: 37584466 DOI: 10.1121/10.0020725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing awareness of boat sound effects on coral reef assemblages. While behavioral disturbances have been found in fishes, the effects on marine invertebrates remain largely unknown. Here, the behavioral effects of recreational boat sound on thorny oysters at two coral reef habitats within the U.S. Virgin Island National Park were assessed. The "treatment" site was characterized by frequent boat traffic, which increased daytime mean particle acceleration levels (PALrms) by more than 6 dB, while mean PALrms at the "control" site were not contaminated by boat sound. Despite these contrasting soundscapes, all oysters showed the same diurnal cycle, with their valves open at night and partially closed during the day. There was no statistical evidence of behavioral responses in oysters exposed to daytime boat sound. This can be explained by low auditory sensitivity, habituation to a noisy environment due to the pervasiveness of boat sound pollution, or that boat sound may not represent an immediate concern for this species. These findings contrast with laboratory studies that have shown behavioral responses in bivalves exposed to boat sound, highlighting the need for more realistic field-based studies when evaluating potential effects of anthropogenic sounds on this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youenn Jézéquel
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA
| | - Nadège Aoki
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology-Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science & Engineering, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Seth F Cones
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology-Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science & Engineering, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Aran Mooney
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA
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49
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Somogyi NA, Rountree RA. The sound production of Aplodinotus grunniens in the presence of boat sounds. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 154:831-840. [PMID: 37563830 DOI: 10.1121/10.0020542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Archived soundscape data from Lake Champlain, New York, were used to examine the effect of anthropogenic sounds produced by recreational boating on freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens) soniferous behavior. Drum progressed from sporadic calling during the day to calls that increasingly overlapped culminating in a chorus in the late afternoon and evening. The response of drum to boat noise appeared to differ among these states, perhaps reflecting differences in the underlying behaviors. In response to boat noise, freshwater drum spawning choruses occurred later in the day, thus avoiding the noisiest periods. The peak frequency and knock rate of calls also increased in the presence of boat noise. Of the acoustical adjustments observed, the most strongly shown were those which increased the likelihood of signal reception, suggesting a Lombard effect response. Therefore, these data suggest freshwater drum have plasticity in their acoustical behavior, potentially shifting chorusing time, and altering sound characteristics to optimize communication in the presence of anthropogenic noise. However, additional work is needed to further clarify the response of freshwater drum to anthropogenic noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Somogyi
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Rodney A Rountree
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2, Canada
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50
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Salas AK, Capuano AM, Harms CA, Piniak WED, Mooney TA. Temporary noise-induced underwater hearing loss in an aquatic turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans). THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 154:1003-1017. [PMID: 37584467 DOI: 10.1121/10.0020588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Noise pollution in aquatic environments can cause hearing loss in noise-exposed animals. We investigated whether exposure to continuous underwater white noise (50-1000 Hz) affects the auditory sensitivity of an aquatic turtle Trachemys scripta elegans (red-eared slider) across 16 noise conditions of differing durations and amplitudes. Sound exposure levels (SELs) ranged between 155 and 193 dB re 1 μPa2 s, and auditory sensitivity was measured at 400 Hz using auditory evoked potential methods. Comparing control and post-exposure thresholds revealed temporary threshold shifts (TTS) in all three individuals, with at least two of the three turtles experiencing TTS at all but the two lowest SELs tested, and shifts up to 40 dB. There were significant positive relationships between shift magnitude and exposure duration, amplitude, and SEL. The mean predicted TTS onset was 160 dB re 1 μPa2 s. There was individual variation in susceptibility to TTS, threshold shift magnitude, and recovery rate, which was non-monotonic and occurred on time scales ranging from < 1 h to > 2 days post-exposure. Recovery rates were generally greater after higher magnitude shifts. Sound levels inducing hearing loss were comparatively low, suggesting aquatic turtles may be more sensitive to underwater noise than previously considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andria K Salas
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA
| | - Alyssa M Capuano
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA
| | - Craig A Harms
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Center for Marine Sciences and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Morehead City, North Carolina 28557, USA
| | - Wendy E D Piniak
- Office of Protected Resources, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Beaufort, North Carolina 28516, USA
| | - T Aran Mooney
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA
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