1
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Smirnova D, Komissarenko F, Vakulenko A, Kiriushechkina S, Smolina E, Guddala S, Allen M, Allen J, Alù A, Khanikaev AB. Polaritonic states trapped by topological defects. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6355. [PMID: 39069540 PMCID: PMC11284214 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50666-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The miniaturization of photonic technologies calls for a deliberate integration of diverse materials to enable novel functionalities in chip-scale devices. Topological photonic systems are a promising platform to couple structured light with solid-state matter excitations and establish robust forms of 1D polaritonic transport. Here, we demonstrate a mechanism to efficiently trap mid-IR structured phonon-polaritons in topological defects of a metasurface integrated with hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). These defects, created by stitching displaced domains of a Kekulé-patterned metasurface, sustain localized polaritonic modes that originate from coupling of electromagnetic fields with hBN lattice vibrations. These 0D higher-order topological modes, comprising phononic and photonic components with chiral polarization, are imaged in real- and Fourier-space. The results reveal a singular radiation leakage profile and selective excitation through spin-polarized edge waves at heterogeneous topological interfaces. This offers impactful opportunities to control light-matter waves in their dimensional hierarchy, paving the way for topological polariton shaping, ultrathin structured light sources, and thermal management at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Smirnova
- Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, CNB, Australia.
| | - Filipp Komissarenko
- Electrical Engineering and Physics, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anton Vakulenko
- Electrical Engineering and Physics, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ekaterina Smolina
- Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, CNB, Australia
| | - Sriram Guddala
- Electrical Engineering and Physics, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Monica Allen
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Munitions Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL, USA
| | - Jeffery Allen
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Munitions Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL, USA
| | - Andrea Alù
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Physics Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander B Khanikaev
- Electrical Engineering and Physics, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA.
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA.
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2
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Rossi AW, Bourgeois MR, Walton C, Masiello DJ. Probing the Polarization of Low-Energy Excitations in 2D Materials from Atomic Crystals to Nanophotonic Arrays Using Momentum-Resolved Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:7748-7756. [PMID: 38874581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Spectroscopies utilizing free electron beams as probes offer detailed information on the reciprocal-space excitations of 2D materials such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers. Yet, despite the attention paid to such quantum materials, less consideration has been given to the electron-beam characterization of 2D periodic nanostructures such as photonic crystals, metasurfaces, and plasmon arrays, which can exhibit the same lattice and excitation symmetries as their atomic analogues albeit at drastically different length, momentum, and energy scales. Because of their lack of covalent bonding and influence of retarded electromagnetic interactions, important physical distinctions arise that complicate interpretation of scattering signals. Here we present a fully-retarded theoretical framework for describing the inelastic scattering of wide-field electron beams from 2D materials and apply it to investigate the complementarity in sample excitation information gained in the measurement of a honeycomb plasmon array versus angle-resolved optical spectroscopy in comparison to single monolayer graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Marc R Bourgeois
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Caleb Walton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - David J Masiello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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3
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Sigurðsson H, Piętka B. Versatile perovskites enable room-temperature topological polaritonics. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024:10.1038/s41565-024-01684-4. [PMID: 38858471 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01684-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Helgi Sigurðsson
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Barbara Piętka
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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4
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Peng K, Li W, Sun M, Rivero JDH, Ti C, Han X, Ge L, Yang L, Zhang X, Bao W. Topological valley Hall polariton condensation. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024:10.1038/s41565-024-01674-6. [PMID: 38789618 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01674-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
A photonic topological insulator features robust directional propagation and immunity to defect perturbations of the edge/surface state. Exciton-polaritons, that is, the hybrid quasiparticles of excitons and photons in semiconductor microcavities, have been proposed as a tunable nonlinear platform for emulating topological phenomena. However, mainly due to excitonic material limitations, experimental observations so far have not been able to enter the nonlinear condensation regime or only show localized condensation in one dimension. Here we show a topological propagating edge state with polariton condensation at room temperature and without any external magnetic field. We overcome material limitations by using excitonic CsPbCl3 halide perovskites with a valley Hall lattice design. The polariton lattice features a large bandgap of 18.8 meV and exhibits strong nonlinear polariton condensation with clear long-range spatial coherence across the critical pumping density. The geometric parameters and material composition of our nonlinear many-body photonic system platform can in principle be tailored to study topological phenomena of other interquasiparticle interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Peng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Meng Sun
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jose D H Rivero
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Staten Island, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
- The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chaoyang Ti
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Xu Han
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Li Ge
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Staten Island, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
- The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Wei Bao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
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5
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Huang W, De-Eknamkul C, Ren Y, Cubukcu E. Directing valley-polarized emission of 3 L WS 2 by photonic crystal with directional circular dichroism. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:6076-6084. [PMID: 38439318 PMCID: PMC11018336 DOI: 10.1364/oe.510027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The valley degree of freedom that results from broken inversion symmetry in two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) has sparked a lot of interest due to its huge potential in information processing. In this experimental work, to optically address the valley-polarized emission from three-layer (3 L) thick WS2 at room temperature, we employ a SiN photonic crystal slab that has two sets of holes in a square lattice that supports directional circular dichroism engendered by delocalized guided mode resonances. By perturbatively breaking the inversion symmetry of the photonic crystal slab, we can simultaneously manipulate s and p components of the radiating field so that these resonances correspond to circularly polarized emission. The emission of excitons from distinct valleys is coupled into different radiative channels and hence separated in the farfield. This directional exciton emission from selective valleys provides a potential route for valley-polarized light emitters, which lays the groundwork for future valleytronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhuo Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0407, USA
| | - Chawina De-Eknamkul
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, USA
| | - Yundong Ren
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, USA
| | - Ertugrul Cubukcu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0407, USA
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, USA
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6
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Qian C, Jin J, Christensen T, He L, Sigillito A, Mele EJ, Zhen B. Geometric Similarities and Topological Phases in Surface Magnon Polaritons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:013601. [PMID: 38242647 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.013601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Surface polaritons have proven to be uniquely capable of controlling light-matter interactions. Here we explore surface magnon polaritons in low-loss ferrimagnetic semiconductors, with a focus on their topological phases. We propose several surface magnon polariton devices, including microwave resonators that can strongly enhance magnetic fields and low-loss interconnects joining waveguides with vastly different impedances. Our work can facilitate the exploration of topological phases in polaritons and the development of topological microwave devices for quantum sensing and information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Qian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Jicheng Jin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Thomas Christensen
- Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Li He
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Anthony Sigillito
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Eugene J Mele
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Bo Zhen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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7
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Kang H, Ma J, Li J, Zhang X, Liu X. Exciton Polaritons in Emergent Two-Dimensional Semiconductors. ACS NANO 2023; 17:24449-24467. [PMID: 38051774 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The "marriage" of light (i.e., photon) and matter (i.e., exciton) in semiconductors leads to the formation of hybrid quasiparticles called exciton polaritons with fascinating quantum phenomena such as Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) and photon blockade. The research of exciton polaritons has been evolving into an era with emergent two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors and photonic structures for their tremendous potential to break the current limitations of quantum fundamental study and photonic applications. In this Perspective, the basic concepts of 2D excitons, optical resonators, and the strong coupling regime are introduced. The research progress of exciton polaritons is reviewed, and important discoveries (especially the recent ones of 2D exciton polaritons) are highlighted. Subsequently, the emergent 2D exciton polaritons are discussed in detail, ranging from the realization of the strong coupling regime in various photonic systems to the discoveries of attractive phenomena with interesting physics and extensive applications. Moreover, emerging 2D semiconductors, such as 2D perovskites (2DPK) and 2D antiferromagnetic (AFM) semiconductors, are surveyed for the manipulation of exciton polaritons with distinct control degrees of freedom (DOFs). Finally, the outlook on the 2D exciton polaritons and their nonlinear interactions is presented with our initial numerical simulations. This Perspective not only aims to provide an in-depth overview of the latest fundamental findings in 2D exciton polaritons but also attempts to serve as a valuable resource to prospect explorations of quantum optics and topological photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Kang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Ma
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China
| | - Junyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoze Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, P. R. China
- Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
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8
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Lee H, Kim YB, Ryu JW, Kim S, Bae J, Koo Y, Jang D, Park KD. Recent progress of exciton transport in two-dimensional semiconductors. NANO CONVERGENCE 2023; 10:57. [PMID: 38102309 PMCID: PMC10724105 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-023-00404-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Spatial manipulation of excitonic quasiparticles, such as neutral excitons, charged excitons, and interlayer excitons, in two-dimensional semiconductors offers unique capabilities for a broad range of optoelectronic applications, encompassing photovoltaics, exciton-integrated circuits, and quantum light-emitting systems. Nonetheless, their practical implementation is significantly restricted by the absence of electrical controllability for neutral excitons, short lifetime of charged excitons, and low exciton funneling efficiency at room temperature, which remain a challenge in exciton transport. In this comprehensive review, we present the latest advancements in controlling exciton currents by harnessing the advanced techniques and the unique properties of various excitonic quasiparticles. We primarily focus on four distinct control parameters inducing the exciton current: electric fields, strain gradients, surface plasmon polaritons, and photonic cavities. For each approach, the underlying principles are introduced in conjunction with its progression through recent studies, gradually expanding their accessibility, efficiency, and functionality. Finally, we outline the prevailing challenges to fully harness the potential of excitonic quasiparticles and implement practical exciton-based optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongwoo Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Bin Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Ryu
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujeong Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyuk Bae
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjeong Koo
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghoon Jang
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Duck Park
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Wang X, Gu R, Li Y, Qi H, Hu X, Wang X, Gong Q. A scheme for realizing nonreciprocal interlayer coupling in bilayer topological systems. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2023; 16:38. [PMID: 38010425 PMCID: PMC10682335 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-023-00094-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Nonreciprocal interlayer coupling is difficult to practically implement in bilayer non-Hermitian topological photonic systems. In this work, we identify a similarity transformation between the Hamiltonians of systems with nonreciprocal interlayer coupling and on-site gain/loss. The similarity transformation is widely applicable, and we show its application in one- and two-dimensional bilayer topological systems as examples. The bilayer non-Hermitian system with nonreciprocal interlayer coupling, whose topological number can be defined using the gauge-smoothed Wilson loop, is topologically equivalent to the bilayer system with on-site gain/loss. We also show that the topological number of bilayer non-Hermitian C6v-typed domain-induced topological interface states can be defined in the same way as in the case of the bilayer non-Hermitian Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model. Our results show the relations between two microscopic provenances of the non-Hermiticity and provide a universal and convenient scheme for constructing and studying nonreciprocal interlayer coupling in bilayer non-Hermitian topological systems. This scheme is useful for observation of non-Hermitian skin effect in three-dimensional systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter & Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ruizhe Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter & Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yandong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter & Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Huixin Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter & Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaoyong Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter & Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, 226010, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, 230088, China.
| | - Xingyuan Wang
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Qihuang Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter & Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, 226010, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, 230088, China
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10
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Wang T, Zhang D, Yang S, Lin Z, Chen Q, Yang J, Gong Q, Chen Z, Ye Y, Liu W. Magnetically-dressed CrSBr exciton-polaritons in ultrastrong coupling regime. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5966. [PMID: 37749106 PMCID: PMC10520032 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41688-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, exciton-polaritons have attracted substantial research interest due to their half-light-half-matter bosonic nature. Coupling exciton-polaritons with magnetic orders grants access to rich many-body phenomena, but has been limited by the availability of material systems that exhibit simultaneous exciton resonances and magnetic ordering. Here we report magnetically-dressed microcavity exciton-polaritons in the van der Waals antiferromagnetic (AFM) semiconductor CrSBr coupled to a Tamm plasmon microcavity. Using angle-resolved spectroscopy, we reveal an exceptionally high exciton-photon coupling strength, up to 169 meV, demonstrating ultrastrong coupling that persists up to room temperature. By performing temperature-dependent spectroscopy, we show the magnetic nature of the exciton-polaritons in CrSBr microcavity as the magnetic order changes from AFM to paramagnetic. By applying an out-of-plane magnetic field, we achieve effective tuning of the polariton energy while maintaining the ultrastrong exciton-photon coupling strength. We attribute this to the spin canting process that modulates the interlayer exciton interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Dingyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shiqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhongchong Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Quan Chen
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan, 528225, China
| | - Jinbo Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qihuang Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Peking University, Nantong, 226010, China
- Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang, 110167, China
| | - Zuxin Chen
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan, 528225, China.
| | - Yu Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Peking University, Nantong, 226010, China.
- Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang, 110167, China.
| | - Wenjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Peking University, Nantong, 226010, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
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11
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Xu S, Wang Y, Agarwal R. Absence of Topological Protection of the Interface States in Z_{2} Photonic Crystals. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:053802. [PMID: 37595208 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.053802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Inspired from electronic systems, topological photonics aims to engineer new optical devices with robust properties. In many cases, the ideas from topological phases protected by internal symmetries in fermionic systems are extended to those protected by crystalline symmetries. One such popular photonic crystal model was proposed by Wu and Hu in 2015 for realizing a bosonic Z_{2} topological crystalline insulator with robust topological edge states, which led to intense theoretical and experimental studies. However, a rigorous relationship between the bulk topology and edge properties for this model, which is central to evaluating its advantage over traditional photonic designs, has never been established. In this Letter, we revisit the expanded and shrunken honeycomb lattice structures proposed by Wu and Hu and show that they are topologically trivial in the sense that symmetric, localized Wannier functions can be constructed. We show that the Z and Z_{2} type classifications of the Wu-Hu model are equivalent to the C_{2}T protected Euler class and the second Stiefel-Whitney class, respectively, with the latter characterizing the full valence bands of the Wu-Hu model, indicating only a higher order topological insulator. Additionally, we show that the Wu-Hu interface states can be gapped by a uniform topology preserving C_{6} and T symmetric perturbation, which demonstrates the trivial nature of the interface. Our result reveals that topology is not a necessary condition for the reported helical edge states in many photonics systems and opens new possibilities for interface engineering that may not be constrained by topological considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shupeng Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Ritesh Agarwal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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12
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Kiriushechkina S, Vakulenko A, Smirnova D, Guddala S, Kawaguchi Y, Komissarenko F, Allen M, Allen J, Khanikaev AB. Spin-dependent properties of optical modes guided by adiabatic trapping potentials in photonic Dirac metasurfaces. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:875-881. [PMID: 37106049 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01380-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The Dirac-like dispersion in photonic systems makes it possible to mimic the dispersion of relativistic spin-1/2 particles, which led to the development of the concept of photonic topological insulators. Despite recent demonstrations of various topological photonic phases, the full potential offered by Dirac photonic systems, specifically their ability to emulate the spin degree of freedom-referred to as pseudo-spin-beyond topological boundary modes has remained underexplored. Here we demonstrate that photonic Dirac metasurfaces with smooth one-dimensional trapping gauge potentials serve as effective waveguides with modes carrying pseudo-spin. We show that spatially varying gauge potentials act unevenly on the two pseudo-spins due to their different field distributions, which enables control of guided modes by their spin, a property that is unattainable with conventional optical waveguides. Silicon nanophotonic metasurfaces are used to experimentally confirm the properties of these guided modes and reveal their distinct spin-dependent radiative character; modes of opposite pseudo-spin exhibit disparate radiative lifetimes and couple differently to incident light. The spin-dependent field distributions and radiative lifetimes of their guided modes indicate that photonic Dirac metasurfaces could be used for spin-multiplexing, controlling the characteristics of optical guided modes, and tuning light-matter interactions with photonic pseudo-spins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anton Vakulenko
- Electrical Engineering and Physics, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daria Smirnova
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems (TMOS), Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Sriram Guddala
- Electrical Engineering and Physics, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuma Kawaguchi
- Electrical Engineering and Physics, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Filipp Komissarenko
- Electrical Engineering and Physics, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Monica Allen
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Munitions Directorate, Eglin AFB, Eglin, FL, USA
| | - Jeffery Allen
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Munitions Directorate, Eglin AFB, Eglin, FL, USA
| | - Alexander B Khanikaev
- Electrical Engineering and Physics, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA.
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13
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Li M, Gao M, Zhang Q, Yang Y. Valley-dependent vortex emission from exciton-polariton in non-centrosymmetric transition metal dichalcogenide metasurfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:19622-19631. [PMID: 37381373 DOI: 10.1364/oe.490067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted great attention in valleytronics. Owing to the giant valley coherence at room temperature, valley pseudospin of TMDs open a new degree of freedom to encode and process binary information. The valley pseudospin only exists in non-centrosymmetric TMDs (e.g., monolayer or 3R-stacked multilayer), which is prohibited in conventional centrosymmetric 2H-stacked crystals. Here, we propose a general recipe to generate valley-dependent vortex beams by using a mix-dimensional TMD metasurface composed of nanostructured 2H-stacked TMD crystals and monolayer TMDs. Such an ultrathin TMD metasurface involves a momentum-space polarization vortex around bound states in the continuum (BICs), which can simultaneously achieve strong coupling (i.e., form exciton polaritons) and valley-locked vortex emission. Moreover, we report that a full 3R-stacked TMD metasurface can also reveal the strong-coupling regime with an anti-crossing pattern and a Rabi splitting of 95 meV. The Rabi splitting can be precisely controlled by geometrically shaping the TMD metasurface. Our results provide an ultra-compact TMD platform for controlling and structuring valley exciton polariton, in which the valley information is linked with the topological charge of vortex emission, which may advance valleytronic, polaritonic, and optoelectronic applications.
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14
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Wang XX, Guo Z, Song J, Jiang H, Chen H, Hu X. Unique Huygens-Fresnel electromagnetic transportation of chiral Dirac wavelet in topological photonic crystal. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3040. [PMID: 37268641 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38325-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Light propagates in various ways depending on environment, including uniform medium, surface/interface and photonic crystals, which appears ubiquitously in daily life and has been exploited for advanced optics technology. We unveiled that a topological photonic crystal exhibits unique electromagnetic (EM) transport properties originating from the Dirac frequency dispersion and multicomponent spinor eigenmodes. Measuring precisely local Poynting vectors in microstrips of honeycomb structure where optics topology emerges upon a band gap opening in the Dirac dispersion and a p-d band inversion induced by a Kekulé-type distortion respecting C6v symmetry, we showed that a chiral wavelet induces a global EM transportation circulating in the direction counter to the source, which is intimately related to the topological band gap specified by a negative Dirac mass. This brand-new Huygens-Fresnel phenomenon can be considered as the counterpart of negative refraction of EM plane waves associated with upwardly convex dispersions of photonic crystals, and our present finding is expected to open a new window for photonic innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Xiang Wang
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Zhiwei Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Juan Song
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Haitao Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hong Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Xiao Hu
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan.
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8571, Japan.
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15
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Abstract
The topological properties of an object, associated with an integer called the topological invariant, are global features that cannot change continuously but only through abrupt variations, hence granting them intrinsic robustness. Engineered metamaterials (MMs) can be tailored to support highly nontrivial topological properties of their band structure, relative to their electronic, electromagnetic, acoustic and mechanical response, representing one of the major breakthroughs in physics over the past decade. Here, we review the foundations and the latest advances of topological photonic and phononic MMs, whose nontrivial wave interactions have become of great interest to a broad range of science disciplines, such as classical and quantum chemistry. We first introduce the basic concepts, including the notion of topological charge and geometric phase. We then discuss the topology of natural electronic materials, before reviewing their photonic/phononic topological MM analogues, including 2D topological MMs with and without time-reversal symmetry, Floquet topological insulators, 3D, higher-order, non-Hermitian and nonlinear topological MMs. We also discuss the topological aspects of scattering anomalies, chemical reactions and polaritons. This work aims at connecting the recent advances of topological concepts throughout a broad range of scientific areas and it highlights opportunities offered by topological MMs for the chemistry community and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ni
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
- School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Simon Yves
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Alex Krasnok
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33174, USA
| | - Andrea Alù
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City College, The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Physics Program, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
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16
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Wu J, Ghosh S, Gan Y, Shi Y, Mandal S, Sun H, Zhang B, Liew TCH, Su R, Xiong Q. Higher-order topological polariton corner state lasing. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg4322. [PMID: 37224247 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg4322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Unlike conventional laser, the topological laser is able to emit coherent light robustly against disorders and defects because of its nontrivial band topology. As a promising platform for low-power consumption, exciton polariton topological lasers require no population inversion, a unique property that can be attributed to the part-light-part-matter bosonic nature and strong nonlinearity of exciton polaritons. Recently, the discovery of higher-order topology has shifted the paradigm of topological physics to topological states at boundaries of boundaries, such as corners. However, such topological corner states have never been realized in the exciton polariton system yet. Here, on the basis of an extended two-dimensional Su-Schrieffer-Heeger lattice model, we experimentally demonstrate the topological corner states of perovskite polaritons and achieved polariton corner state lasing with a low threshold (approximately microjoule per square centimeter) at room temperature. The realization of such polariton corner states also provides a mechanism of polariton localization under topological protection, paving the way toward on-chip active polaritonics using higher-order topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqi Wu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| | - Sanjib Ghosh
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Yusong Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ying Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Subhaskar Mandal
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| | - Handong Sun
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| | - Baile Zhang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| | - Timothy C H Liew
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
- MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit UMI 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Rui Su
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
- MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit UMI 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Qihua Xiong
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, P.R. China
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17
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Wu T, Li Y, Feng X, Wu S, Gao Z, Feng L. Topological Photonic Lattice for Uniform Beam Splitting, Robust Routing, and Sensitive Far-Field Steering. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:3866-3871. [PMID: 37093959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Far-field optical beam steering is a fast-growing technology for communications, spatial ranging, and detections. Nonmechanical optical phased arrays based on straight waveguides have been studied recently, where the beam emission angle to the propagation axis can be scanned by conveniently tuning the wavelength. However, the dispersion of the waveguide limits the wavelength sensitivity of beam steering and the deliberately created emitters inevitably introduce in-line backscattering on-chip. To overcome these limitations, here, we report a robust and back-reflection-free topological photonic integrated circuit, where different functionalities, such as beam splitting, routing, and far-field steering, are defined by strategic arrangements of lattices with different topological modulations simply controlled by a single lattice deformation parameter. Benefiting from the robust topological scheme, an extra band flattening is applied to achieve far-field steering with high wavelength sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Yankun Li
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Xilin Feng
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Zihe Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Liang Feng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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18
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Guo X, Lyu W, Chen T, Luo Y, Wu C, Yang B, Sun Z, García de Abajo FJ, Yang X, Dai Q. Polaritons in Van der Waals Heterostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2201856. [PMID: 36121344 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
2D monolayers supporting a wide variety of highly confined plasmons, phonon polaritons, and exciton polaritons can be vertically stacked in van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) with controlled constituent layers, stacking sequence, and even twist angles. vdWHs combine advantages of 2D material polaritons, rich optical structure design, and atomic scale integration, which have greatly extended the performance and functions of polaritons, such as wide frequency range, long lifetime, ultrafast all-optical modulation, and photonic crystals for nanoscale light. Here, the state of the art of 2D material polaritons in vdWHs from the perspective of design principles and potential applications is reviewed. Some fundamental properties of polaritons in vdWHs are initially discussed, followed by recent discoveries of plasmons, phonon polaritons, exciton polaritons, and their hybrid modes in vdWHs. The review concludes with a perspective discussion on potential applications of these polaritons such as nanophotonic integrated circuits, which will benefit from the intersection between nanophotonics and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Lyu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tinghan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yang Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Chenchen Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bei Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhipei Sun
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering and QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - F Javier García de Abajo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, 08860, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qing Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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19
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Li Q, Alfrey A, Hu J, Lydick N, Paik E, Liu B, Sun H, Lu Y, Wang R, Forrest S, Deng H. Macroscopic transition metal dichalcogenides monolayers with uniformly high optical quality. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1837. [PMID: 37005420 PMCID: PMC10067954 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37500-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The unique optical properties of transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers have attracted significant attention for both photonics applications and fundamental studies of low-dimensional systems. TMD monolayers of high optical quality, however, have been limited to micron-sized flakes produced by low-throughput and labour-intensive processes, whereas large-area films are often affected by surface defects and large inhomogeneity. Here we report a rapid and reliable method to synthesize macroscopic-scale TMD monolayers of uniform, high optical quality. Using 1-dodecanol encapsulation combined with gold-tape-assisted exfoliation, we obtain monolayers with lateral size > 1 mm, exhibiting exciton energy, linewidth, and quantum yield uniform over the whole area and close to those of high-quality micron-sized flakes. We tentatively associate the role of the two molecular encapsulating layers as isolating the TMD from the substrate and passivating the chalcogen vacancies, respectively. We demonstrate the utility of our encapsulated monolayers by scalable integration with an array of photonic crystal cavities, creating polariton arrays with enhanced light-matter coupling strength. This work provides a pathway to achieving high-quality two-dimensional materials over large areas, enabling research and technology development beyond individual micron-sized devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyang Li
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Adam Alfrey
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jiaqi Hu
- Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Nathanial Lydick
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Eunice Paik
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Haiping Sun
- Michigan Center for Materials Characterization, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Stephen Forrest
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Hui Deng
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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20
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Chen K, Komissarenko F, Smirnova D, Vakulenko A, Kiriushechkina S, Volkovskaya I, Guddala S, Menon V, Alù A, Khanikaev AB. Photonic Dirac cavities with spatially varying mass term. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eabq4243. [PMID: 36947629 PMCID: PMC10032596 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq4243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, photonics has proven itself as an excellent platform for emulation of relativistic phenomena. Here, we show an example of relativistic-like trapping in photonic system that realizes Dirac-like dispersion with spatially inhomogeneous mass term. The modes trapped by such cavities, their energy levels, and corresponding orbitals are then characterized through optical imaging in real and momentum space. The fabricated cavities host a hierarchy of photonic modes with distinct radiation profiles directly analogous to various atomic orbitals endowed with unique characteristics, such as pseudo-particle-hall symmetry and spin degeneracy, and they carry topological charge which gives rise to radiative profiles with angular momentum. We demonstrate that these modes can be directionally excited by pseudo-spin-polarized boundary states. In addition to the fundamental interest in the structure of these pseudo-relativistic orbitals, the proposed system offers a route for designing new types of nanophotonic devices, spin-full resonators and topological light sources compatible with integrated photonics platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Electrical Engineering and Physics, The City College of New York (USA), New York, NY 10031, USA
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
- Physics Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Filipp Komissarenko
- Electrical Engineering and Physics, The City College of New York (USA), New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Daria Smirnova
- Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Anton Vakulenko
- Electrical Engineering and Physics, The City College of New York (USA), New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Svetlana Kiriushechkina
- Electrical Engineering and Physics, The City College of New York (USA), New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Irina Volkovskaya
- Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Sriram Guddala
- Electrical Engineering and Physics, The City College of New York (USA), New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Vinod Menon
- Electrical Engineering and Physics, The City College of New York (USA), New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Andrea Alù
- Electrical Engineering and Physics, The City College of New York (USA), New York, NY 10031, USA
- Physics Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Alexander B. Khanikaev
- Electrical Engineering and Physics, The City College of New York (USA), New York, NY 10031, USA
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
- Physics Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
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21
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Krishnamoorthy HNS, Dubrovkin AM, Adamo G, Soci C. Topological Insulator Metamaterials. Chem Rev 2023; 123:4416-4442. [PMID: 36943013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Confinement of electromagnetic fields at the subwavelength scale via metamaterial paradigms is an established method to engineer light-matter interaction in most common material systems, from insulators to semiconductors and from metals to superconductors. In recent years, this approach has been extended to the realm of topological materials, providing a new avenue to access nontrivial features of their electronic band structure. In this review, we survey various topological material classes from a photonics standpoint, including crystal growth and lithographic structuring methods. We discuss how exotic electronic features such as spin-selective Dirac plasmon polaritons in topological insulators or hyperbolic plasmon polaritons in Weyl semimetals may give rise to unconventional magneto-optic, nonlinear, and circular photogalvanic effects in metamaterials across the visible to infrared spectrum. Finally, we dwell on how these effects may be dynamically controlled by applying external perturbations in the form of electric and magnetic fields or ultrafast optical pulses. Through these examples and future perspectives, we argue that topological insulator, semimetal and superconductor metamaterials are unique systems to bridge the missing links between nanophotonic, electronic, and spintronic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish N S Krishnamoorthy
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonic Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Alexander M Dubrovkin
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonic Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Giorgio Adamo
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonic Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Cesare Soci
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonic Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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22
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He L, Wu J, Jin J, Mele EJ, Zhen B. Polaritonic Chern Insulators in Monolayer Semiconductors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:043801. [PMID: 36763440 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.043801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Systems with strong light-matter interaction open up new avenues for studying topological phases of matter. Examples include exciton polaritons, mixed light-matter quasiparticles, where the topology of the polaritonic band structure arises from the collective coupling between matter wave and optical fields strongly confined in periodic dielectric structures. Distinct from light-matter interaction in a uniform environment, the spatially varying nature of the optical fields leads to a fundamental modification of the well-known optical selection rules, which were derived under the plane wave approximation. Here we identify polaritonic Chern insulators by coupling valley excitons in transition metal dichalcogenides to photonic Bloch modes in a dielectric photonic crystal slab. We show that polaritonic Dirac points, which are markers for topological phase transition points, can be constructed from the collective coupling between valley excitons and photonic Dirac cones in the presence of both time-reversal and inversion symmetries. Lifting exciton valley degeneracy by breaking time-reversal symmetry leads to gapped polaritonic bands with nonzero Chern numbers. Through numerical simulations, we predict polaritonic chiral edge states residing inside the topological gaps. Our Letter paves the way for the further study of strong exciton-photon interaction in nanophotonic structures and for exploring polaritonic topological phases and their practical applications in polaritonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li He
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Jingda Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Jicheng Jin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Eugene J Mele
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Bo Zhen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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23
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Jang J, Jeong M, Lee J, Kim S, Yun H, Rho J. Planar Optical Cavities Hybridized with Low-Dimensional Light-Emitting Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2203889. [PMID: 35861661 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Low-dimensional light-emitting materials have been actively investigated due to their unprecedented optical and optoelectronic properties that are not observed in their bulk forms. However, the emission from low-dimensional light-emitting materials is generally weak and difficult to use in nanophotonic devices without being amplified and engineered by optical cavities. Along with studies on various planar optical cavities over the last decade, the physics of cavity-emitter interactions as well as various integration methods are investigated deeply. These integrations not only enhance the light-matter interaction of the emitters, but also provide opportunities for realizing nanophotonic devices based on the new physics allowed by low-dimensional emitters. In this review, the fundamentals, strengths and weaknesses of various planar optical resonators are first provided. Then, commonly used low-dimensional light-emitting materials such as 0D emitters (quantum dots and upconversion nanoparticles) and 2D emitters (transition-metal dichalcogenide and hexagonal boron nitride) are discussed. The integration of these emitters and cavities and the expect interplay between them are explained in the following chapters. Finally, a comprehensive discussion and outlook of nanoscale cavity-emitter integrated systems is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyuck Jang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihae Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokwoo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Huichang Yun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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24
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Long T, Ma X, Ren J, Li F, Liao Q, Schumacher S, Malpuech G, Solnyshkov D, Fu H. Helical Polariton Lasing from Topological Valleys in an Organic Crystalline Microcavity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2203588. [PMID: 35989095 PMCID: PMC9561778 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Topological photonics provides an important platform for the development of photonic devices with robust disorder-immune light transport and controllable helicity. Mixing photons with excitons (or polaritons) gives rise to nontrivial polaritonic bands with chiral modes, allowing the manipulation of helical lasers in strongly coupled light-matter systems. In this work, helical polariton lasing from topological valleys of an organic anisotropic microcrystalline cavity based on tailored local nontrivial band geometry is demonstrated. This polariton laser emits light of different helicity along different angular directions. The significantly enhanced chiral characteristics are achieved by the nonlinear relaxation process. Helical topological polariton lasers may provide a perfect platform for the exploration of novel topological phenomena that involve light-matter interaction and the development of polariton-based spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Long
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic DevicesDepartment of ChemistryCapital Normal UniversityBeijing100048P. R. China
| | - Xuekai Ma
- Department of Physics and Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn (CeOPP)Universität PaderbornWarburger Strasse 10033098PaderbornGermany
| | - Jiahuan Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic ScienceSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin UniversityTianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic TechniqueSchool of Electronic Science and EngineeringFaculty of Electronic and Information EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
| | - Qing Liao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic DevicesDepartment of ChemistryCapital Normal UniversityBeijing100048P. R. China
| | - Stefan Schumacher
- Department of Physics and Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn (CeOPP)Universität PaderbornWarburger Strasse 10033098PaderbornGermany
- Wyant College of Optical SciencesUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZ85721United States
| | - Guillaume Malpuech
- Institut PascalPHOTON‐N2Université Clermont AuvergneCNRSClermont INPClermont‐FerrandF‐63000France
| | - Dmitry Solnyshkov
- Institut PascalPHOTON‐N2Université Clermont AuvergneCNRSClermont INPClermont‐FerrandF‐63000France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF)Paris75231France
| | - Hongbing Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic DevicesDepartment of ChemistryCapital Normal UniversityBeijing100048P. R. China
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25
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Transition metal dichalcogenide metaphotonic and self-coupled polaritonic platform grown by chemical vapor deposition. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5597. [PMID: 36151069 PMCID: PMC9508121 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have recently attracted growing attention in the fields of dielectric nanophotonics because of their high refractive index and excitonic resonances. Despite the recent realizations of Mie resonances by patterning exfoliated TMDC flakes, it is still challenging to achieve large-scale TMDC-based photonic structures with a controllable thickness. Here, we report a bulk MoS2 metaphotonic platform realized by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) bottom-up method, supporting both pronounced dielectric optical modes and self-coupled polaritons. Magnetic surface lattice resonances (M-SLRs) and their energy-momentum dispersions are demonstrated in 1D MoS2 gratings. Anticrossing behaviors with Rabi splitting up to 170 meV are observed when the M-SLRs are hybridized with the excitons in multilayer MoS2. In addition, distinct Mie modes and anapole-exciton polaritons are also experimentally demonstrated in 2D MoS2 disk arrays. We believe that the CVD bottom-up method would open up many possibilities to achieve large-scale TMDC-based photonic devices and enrich the toolbox of engineering exciton-photon interactions in TMDCs.
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26
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Zhang Q, Ou Q, Si G, Hu G, Dong S, Chen Y, Ni J, Zhao C, Fuhrer MS, Yang Y, Alù A, Hillenbrand R, Qiu CW. Unidirectionally excited phonon polaritons in high-symmetry orthorhombic crystals. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn9774. [PMID: 35905184 PMCID: PMC9337755 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn9774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Advanced control over the excitation of ultraconfined polaritons-hybrid light and matter waves-empowers unique opportunities for many nanophotonic functionalities, e.g., on-chip circuits, quantum information processing, and controlling thermal radiation. Recent work has shown that highly asymmetric polaritons are directly governed by asymmetries in crystal structures. Here, we experimentally demonstrate extremely asymmetric and unidirectional phonon polariton (PhP) excitation via directly patterning high-symmetry orthorhombic van der Waals (vdW) crystal α-MoO3. This phenomenon results from symmetry breaking of momentum matching in polaritonic diffraction in vdW materials. We show that the propagation of PhPs can be versatile and robustly tailored via structural engineering, while PhPs in low-symmetry (e.g., monoclinic and triclinic) crystals are largely restricted by their naturally occurring permittivities. Our work synergizes grating diffraction phenomena with the extreme anisotropy of high-symmetry vdW materials, enabling unexpected control of infrared polaritons along different pathways and opening opportunities for applications ranging from on-chip photonics to directional heat dissipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Qingdong Ou
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE) , Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Guangyuan Si
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Guangwei Hu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Shaohua Dong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027 China
| | - Jincheng Ni
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Michael S. Fuhrer
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Yuanjie Yang
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Andrea Alù
- Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
- Physics Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Rainer Hillenbrand
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA and Department of Electricity and Electronics, UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
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27
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Tao R, Peng K, Haeberlé L, Li Q, Jin D, Fleming GR, Kéna-Cohen S, Zhang X, Bao W. Halide perovskites enable polaritonic XY spin Hamiltonian at room temperature. NATURE MATERIALS 2022; 21:761-766. [PMID: 35681064 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01276-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exciton polaritons, the part-light and part-matter quasiparticles in semiconductor optical cavities, are promising for exploring Bose-Einstein condensation, non-equilibrium many-body physics and analogue simulation at elevated temperatures. However, a room-temperature polaritonic platform on par with the GaAs quantum wells grown by molecular beam epitaxy at low temperatures remains elusive. The operation of such a platform calls for long-lifetime, strongly interacting excitons in a stringent material system with large yet nanoscale-thin geometry and homogeneous properties. Here, we address this challenge by adopting a method based on the solution synthesis of excitonic halide perovskites grown under nanoconfinement. Such nanoconfinement growth facilitates the synthesis of smooth and homogeneous single-crystalline large crystals enabling the demonstration of XY Hamiltonian lattices with sizes up to 10 × 10. With this demonstration, we further establish perovskites as a promising platform for room temperature polaritonic physics and pave the way for the realization of robust mode-disorder-free polaritonic devices at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Tao
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kai Peng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Louis Haeberlé
- Department of Engineering Physics, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Quanwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Dafei Jin
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Graham R Fleming
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Stéphane Kéna-Cohen
- Department of Engineering Physics, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Faculty of Science and Faculty of Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wei Bao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
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28
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Rider M, Buendía Á, Abujetas DR, Huidobro PA, Sánchez-Gil JA, Giannini V. Advances and Prospects in Topological Nanoparticle Photonics. ACS PHOTONICS 2022; 9:1483-1499. [PMID: 35607643 PMCID: PMC9121393 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.1c01874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Topological nanophotonics is a new avenue for exploring nanoscale systems from visible to THz frequencies, with unprecedented control. By embracing their complexity and fully utilizing the properties that make them distinct from electronic systems, we aim to study new topological phenomena. In this Perspective, we summarize the current state of the field and highlight the use of nanoparticle systems for exploring topological phases beyond electronic analogues. We provide an overview of the tools needed to capture the radiative, retardative, and long-range properties of these systems. We discuss the application of dielectric and metallic nanoparticles in nonlinear systems and also provide an overview of the newly developed topic of topological insulator nanoparticles. We hope that a comprehensive understanding of topological nanoparticle photonic systems will allow us to exploit them to their full potential and explore new topological phenomena at very reduced dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie
S. Rider
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Exeter, Stocker Road, EX4 4QL, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Álvaro Buendía
- Instituto
de Estructura de la Materia, Consejo Superior
de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego R. Abujetas
- Physics
Department, Fribourg University, Chemin de Musée 3, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Paloma A. Huidobro
- Instituto
de Telecomunicações, Instituto
Superior Tecnico-University of Lisbon, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, Lisboa, 1049-001, Portugal
| | - José A. Sánchez-Gil
- Instituto
de Estructura de la Materia, Consejo Superior
de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Giannini
- Instituto
de Estructura de la Materia, Consejo Superior
de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Centre
of Excellence ENSEMBLE3 sp. z o.o., Wolczynska 133, Warsaw, 01-919, Poland
- Technology
Innovation Institute, Masdar City 9639, Abu Dhabi, United Arab
Emirates
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29
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Tonkaev P, Sinev IS, Rybin MV, Makarov SV, Kivshar Y. Multifunctional and Transformative Metaphotonics with Emerging Materials. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15414-15449. [PMID: 35549165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Future technologies underpinning multifunctional physical and chemical systems and compact biological sensors will rely on densely packed transformative and tunable circuitry employing nanophotonics. For many years, plasmonics was considered as the only available platform for subwavelength optics, but the recently emerged field of resonant metaphotonics may provide a versatile practical platform for nanoscale science by employing resonances in high-index dielectric nanoparticles and metasurfaces. Here, we discuss the recently emerged field of metaphotonics and describe its connection to material science and chemistry. For tunabilty, metaphotonics employs a variety of the recently highlighted materials such as polymers, perovskites, transition metal dichalcogenides, and phase change materials. This allows to achieve diverse functionalities of metasystems and metasurfaces for efficient spatial and temporal control of light by employing multipolar resonances and the physics of bound states in the continuum. We anticipate expanding applications of these concepts in nanolasers, tunable metadevices, metachemistry, as well as a design of a new generation of chemical and biological ultracompact sensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Tonkaev
- Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.,School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Ivan S Sinev
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Rybin
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia.,Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
| | - Sergey V Makarov
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Yuri Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.,School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
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30
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Polariton Bose-Einstein condensate from a bound state in the continuum. Nature 2022; 605:447-452. [PMID: 35585343 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bound states in the continuum (BICs)1-3 are peculiar topological states that, when realized in a planar photonic crystal lattice, are symmetry-protected from radiating in the far field despite lying within the light cone4. These BICs possess an invariant topological charge given by the winding number of the polarization vectors5, similar to vortices in quantum fluids such as superfluid helium and atomic Bose-Einstein condensates. In spite of several reports of optical BICs in patterned dielectric slabs with evidence of lasing, their potential as topologically protected states with theoretically infinite lifetime has not yet been fully exploited. Here we show non-equilibrium Bose-Einstein condensation of polaritons-hybrid light-matter excitations-occurring in a BIC thanks to its peculiar non-radiative nature, which favours polariton accumulation. The combination of the ultralong BIC lifetime and the tight confinement of the waveguide geometry enables the achievement of an extremely low threshold density for condensation, which is reached not in the dispersion minimum but at a saddle point in reciprocal space. By bridging bosonic condensation and symmetry-protected radiation eigenmodes, we reveal ways of imparting topological properties onto macroscopic quantum states with unexplored dispersion features. Such an observation may open a route towards energy-efficient polariton condensation in cost-effective integrated devices, ultimately suited for the development of hybrid light-matter optical circuits.
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31
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Li J, Liu J, Guo Z, Chang Z, Guo Y. Engineering Plasmonic Environments for 2D Materials and 2D-Based Photodetectors. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092807. [PMID: 35566157 PMCID: PMC9100532 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional layered materials are considered ideal platforms to study novel small-scale optoelectronic devices due to their unique electronic structures and fantastic physical properties. However, it is urgent to further improve the light–matter interaction in these materials because their light absorption efficiency is limited by the atomically thin thickness. One of the promising approaches is to engineer the plasmonic environment around 2D materials for modulating light–matter interaction in 2D materials. This method greatly benefits from the advances in the development of nanofabrication and out-plane van der Waals interaction of 2D materials. In this paper, we review a series of recent works on 2D materials integrated with plasmonic environments, including the plasmonic-enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield, strong coupling between plasmons and excitons, nonlinear optics in plasmonic nanocavities, manipulation of chiral optical signals in hybrid nanostructures, and the improvement of the performance of optoelectronic devices based on composite systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology & Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; (J.L.); (Z.G.); (Z.C.)
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (Y.G.)
| | - Jingyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology & Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; (J.L.); (Z.G.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zirui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology & Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; (J.L.); (Z.G.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zeyu Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology & Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; (J.L.); (Z.G.); (Z.C.)
| | - Yang Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (Y.G.)
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32
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Huang L, Krasnok A, Alú A, Yu Y, Neshev D, Miroshnichenko AE. Enhanced light-matter interaction in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 85:046401. [PMID: 34939940 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac45f9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) materials, such as MoS2, WS2, MoSe2, and WSe2, have received extensive attention in the past decade due to their extraordinary electronic, optical and thermal properties. They evolve from indirect bandgap semiconductors to direct bandgap semiconductors while their layer number is reduced from a few layers to a monolayer limit. Consequently, there is strong photoluminescence in a monolayer (1L) TMDC due to the large quantum yield. Moreover, such monolayer semiconductors have two other exciting properties: large binding energy of excitons and valley polarization. These properties make them become ideal materials for various electronic, photonic and optoelectronic devices. However, their performance is limited by the relatively weak light-matter interactions due to their atomically thin form factor. Resonant nanophotonic structures provide a viable way to address this issue and enhance light-matter interactions in 2D TMDCs. Here, we provide an overview of this research area, showcasing relevant applications, including exotic light emission, absorption and scattering features. We start by overviewing the concept of excitons in 1L-TMDC and the fundamental theory of cavity-enhanced emission, followed by a discussion on the recent progress of enhanced light emission, strong coupling and valleytronics. The atomically thin nature of 1L-TMDC enables a broad range of ways to tune its electric and optical properties. Thus, we continue by reviewing advances in TMDC-based tunable photonic devices. Next, we survey the recent progress in enhanced light absorption over narrow and broad bandwidths using 1L or few-layer TMDCs, and their applications for photovoltaics and photodetectors. We also review recent efforts of engineering light scattering, e.g., inducing Fano resonances, wavefront engineering in 1L or few-layer TMDCs by either integrating resonant structures, such as plasmonic/Mie resonant metasurfaces, or directly patterning monolayer/few layers TMDCs. We then overview the intriguing physical properties of different van der Waals heterostructures, and their applications in optoelectronic and photonic devices. Finally, we draw our opinion on potential opportunities and challenges in this rapidly developing field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujun Huang
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Alex Krasnok
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, United States of America
| | - Andrea Alú
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, United States of America
- Physics Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
| | - Yiling Yu
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States of America
| | - Dragomir Neshev
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems (TMOS), Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Andrey E Miroshnichenko
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
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33
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Yang H, Zhang T, Huang Z, Chen Y, Song X, Hao X, Yang H, Wu X, Zhang Y, Liu L, Gao HJ, Wang Y. Visualization of Charge-Density-Wave Reconstruction and Electronic Superstructure at the Edge of Correlated Insulator 1T-NbSe 2. ACS NANO 2022; 16:1332-1338. [PMID: 34941258 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Edges of low-dimensional quantum systems have profound effects on both fundamental research and device functionality. Real-space investigation of the microscopic edge structures and understanding the edge-modulated electronic properties are of great essence. Here we report the nanoscale structural reconstruction at the atomically sharp edge of a charge-density-wave (CDW) correlated insulator 1T-NbSe2 and the induced electronic properties. We find the CDW unit cells at the edge of single layer (SL) 1T-NbSe2 evolve from the well-defined CDW order in bulk and spontaneously reconstruct into the quartet along the edge. Moreover, we capture an anomalous electronic superstructure along the edge, the periodicity of which is four times that of ordinary CDW lattice. Our findings provide a way to design the one-dimensional electronic superstructure in 2D quantum materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yang
- MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zeping Huang
- MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yaoyao Chen
- MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xuan Song
- MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hao
- MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huixia Yang
- MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xu Wu
- MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Liwei Liu
- MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hong-Jun Gao
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yeliang Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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Kim S, Woo BH, An SC, Lim Y, Seo IC, Kim DS, Yoo S, Park QH, Jun YC. Topological Control of 2D Perovskite Emission in the Strong Coupling Regime. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:10076-10085. [PMID: 34843262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Momentum space topology can be exploited to manipulate radiation in real space. Here we demonstrate topological control of 2D perovskite emission in the strong coupling regime via polaritonic bound states in the continuum (BICs). Topological polarization singularities (polarization vortices and circularly polarized eigenstates) are observed at room temperature by measuring the Stokes parameters of photoluminescence in momentum space. Particularly, in symmetry-broken structures, a very large degree of circular polarization (DCP) of ∼0.835 is achieved in the perovskite emission, which is the largest in perovskite materials to our knowledge. In the strong coupling regime, lower polariton modes shift to the low-loss spectral region, resulting in strong emission enhancement and large DCP. Our reciprocity analysis reveals that DCP is limited by material absorption at the emission wavelength. Polaritonic BICs based on 2D perovskite materials combine unique topological features with exceptional material properties and may become a promising platform for active nanophotonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongheon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hoon Woo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Chan An
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsoo Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - In Cheol Seo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Dai-Sik Kim
- Department of Physics, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - SeokJae Yoo
- Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Q-Han Park
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chul Jun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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35
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Shan H, Lackner L, Han B, Sedov E, Rupprecht C, Knopf H, Eilenberger F, Beierlein J, Kunte N, Esmann M, Yumigeta K, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Klembt S, Höfling S, Kavokin AV, Tongay S, Schneider C, Antón-Solanas C. Spatial coherence of room-temperature monolayer WSe 2 exciton-polaritons in a trap. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6406. [PMID: 34737328 PMCID: PMC8569157 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26715-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of spatial and temporal coherence of light emitted from solid-state systems is a fundamental phenomenon intrinsically aligned with the control of light-matter coupling. It is canonical for laser oscillation, emerges in the superradiance of collective emitters, and has been investigated in bosonic condensates of thermalized light, as well as exciton-polaritons. Our room temperature experiments show the strong light-matter coupling between microcavity photons and excitons in atomically thin WSe2. We evidence the density-dependent expansion of spatial and temporal coherence of the emitted light from the spatially confined system ground-state, which is accompanied by a threshold-like response of the emitted light intensity. Additionally, valley-physics is manifested in the presence of an external magnetic field, which allows us to manipulate K and K' polaritons via the valley-Zeeman-effect. Our findings validate the potential of atomically thin crystals as versatile components of coherent light-sources, and in valleytronic applications at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangyong Shan
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Lukas Lackner
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Bo Han
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Evgeny Sedov
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Vladimir State University named after A. G. and N. G. Stoletovs, Gorky str. 87, 600000, Vladimir, Russia
| | - Christoph Rupprecht
- Technische Physik, Universität Würzburg, D-97074, Würzburg, Am Hubland, Germany
| | - Heiko Knopf
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, 07745, Jena, Germany.,Fraunhofer-Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, 07745, Jena, Germany.,Max Planck School of Photonics, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Falk Eilenberger
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, 07745, Jena, Germany.,Fraunhofer-Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, 07745, Jena, Germany.,Max Planck School of Photonics, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes Beierlein
- Technische Physik, Universität Würzburg, D-97074, Würzburg, Am Hubland, Germany
| | - Nils Kunte
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Martin Esmann
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Kentaro Yumigeta
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85287, USA
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Sebastian Klembt
- Technische Physik, Universität Würzburg, D-97074, Würzburg, Am Hubland, Germany
| | - Sven Höfling
- Technische Physik, Universität Würzburg, D-97074, Würzburg, Am Hubland, Germany
| | - Alexey V Kavokin
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Highfield, SO171BJ, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Sefaattin Tongay
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85287, USA.
| | - Christian Schneider
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany.
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V. Zhirihin
- School of Physics and Engineering, Faculty of Physics ITMO University St. Petersburg 197101 Russia
| | - Yuri S. Kivshar
- School of Physics and Engineering, Faculty of Physics ITMO University St. Petersburg 197101 Russia
- Nonlinear Physics Center Research School of Physics Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
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37
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Guddala S, Komissarenko F, Kiriushechkina S, Vakulenko A, Li M, Menon VM, Alù A, Khanikaev AB. Topological phonon-polariton funneling in midinfrared metasurfaces. Science 2021; 374:225-227. [PMID: 34618590 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj5488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- S Guddala
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Grove School of Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA.,Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - F Komissarenko
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Grove School of Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA.,Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - S Kiriushechkina
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Grove School of Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - A Vakulenko
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Grove School of Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - M Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Grove School of Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA.,Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA.,Physics Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - V M Menon
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA.,Physics Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - A Alù
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Grove School of Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA.,Physics Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA.,Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - A B Khanikaev
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Grove School of Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA.,Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA.,Physics Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
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38
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Interface nano-optics with van der Waals polaritons. Nature 2021; 597:187-195. [PMID: 34497390 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03581-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Polaritons are hybrid excitations of matter and photons. In recent years, polaritons in van der Waals nanomaterials-known as van der Waals polaritons-have shown great promise to guide the flow of light at the nanoscale over spectral regions ranging from the visible to the terahertz. A vibrant research field based on manipulating strong light-matter interactions in the form of polaritons, supported by these atomically thin van der Waals nanomaterials, is emerging for advanced nanophotonic and opto-electronic applications. Here we provide an overview of the state of the art of exploiting interface optics-such as refractive optics, meta-optics and moiré engineering-for the control of van der Waals polaritons. This enhanced control over van der Waals polaritons at the nanoscale has not only unveiled many new phenomena, but has also inspired valuable applications-including new avenues for nano-imaging, sensing, on-chip optical circuitry, and potentially many others in the years to come.
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39
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Yao Q, Bie YQ, Chen J, Li J, Li F, Cao Z. Anapole enhanced on-chip routing of spin-valley photons in 2D materials for silicon integrated optical communication. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:4080-4083. [PMID: 34469944 DOI: 10.1364/ol.433457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the propagation direction of polarized light is crucial for optical communications and functional optical components. However, all-dielectric on-chip technology exploiting valley photon emission in transition metal dichalcogenides with enhanced emission has yet to be fully explored. Here, we report a design for enhancing valley emission and manipulating valley photon propagation based on degenerate non-radiating anapole states. By placing circularly polarized dipoles on top of a C4 symmetric cross-slotted silicon disk, the rotating anapole state is excited with a Purcell factor up to two orders. In addition, the photon coupled to the preferred direction of the waveguide are about 2 times larger than that to the opposite direction. Our design could pave the way for realizing on-chip valley-dependent optical communication.
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40
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Li M, Sinev I, Benimetskiy F, Ivanova T, Khestanova E, Kiriushechkina S, Vakulenko A, Guddala S, Skolnick M, Menon VM, Krizhanovskii D, Alù A, Samusev A, Khanikaev AB. Experimental observation of topological Z 2 exciton-polaritons in transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4425. [PMID: 34285222 PMCID: PMC8292485 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24728-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The rise of quantum science and technologies motivates photonics research to seek new platforms with strong light-matter interactions to facilitate quantum behaviors at moderate light intensities. Topological polaritons (TPs) offer an ideal platform in this context, with unique properties stemming from resilient topological states of light strongly coupled with matter. Here we explore polaritonic metasurfaces based on 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) as a promising platform for topological polaritonics. We show that the strong coupling between topological photonic modes of the metasurface and excitons in TMDs yields a topological polaritonic Z2 phase. We experimentally confirm the emergence of one-way spin-polarized edge TPs in metasurfaces integrating MoSe2 and WSe2. Combined with the valley polarization in TMD monolayers, the proposed system enables an approach to engage the photonic angular momentum and valley and spin of excitons, offering a promising platform for photonic/solid-state interfaces for valleytronics and spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Li
- grid.254250.40000 0001 2264 7145Department of Electrical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY USA ,grid.254250.40000 0001 2264 7145Physics Department, City College of New York, New York, NY USA ,grid.253482.a0000 0001 0170 7903Physics Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY USA
| | - Ivan Sinev
- grid.35915.3b0000 0001 0413 4629Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Fedor Benimetskiy
- grid.35915.3b0000 0001 0413 4629Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatyana Ivanova
- grid.35915.3b0000 0001 0413 4629Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Khestanova
- grid.35915.3b0000 0001 0413 4629Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Svetlana Kiriushechkina
- grid.254250.40000 0001 2264 7145Department of Electrical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY USA
| | - Anton Vakulenko
- grid.254250.40000 0001 2264 7145Department of Electrical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY USA
| | - Sriram Guddala
- grid.254250.40000 0001 2264 7145Department of Electrical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY USA ,grid.254250.40000 0001 2264 7145Physics Department, City College of New York, New York, NY USA
| | - Maurice Skolnick
- grid.35915.3b0000 0001 0413 4629Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia ,grid.11835.3e0000 0004 1936 9262Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Vinod M. Menon
- grid.254250.40000 0001 2264 7145Physics Department, City College of New York, New York, NY USA ,grid.253482.a0000 0001 0170 7903Physics Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY USA
| | - Dmitry Krizhanovskii
- grid.35915.3b0000 0001 0413 4629Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia ,grid.11835.3e0000 0004 1936 9262Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Andrea Alù
- grid.254250.40000 0001 2264 7145Department of Electrical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY USA ,grid.253482.a0000 0001 0170 7903Physics Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY USA ,grid.212340.60000000122985718Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY USA
| | - Anton Samusev
- grid.35915.3b0000 0001 0413 4629Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander B. Khanikaev
- grid.254250.40000 0001 2264 7145Department of Electrical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY USA ,grid.254250.40000 0001 2264 7145Physics Department, City College of New York, New York, NY USA ,grid.253482.a0000 0001 0170 7903Physics Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY USA
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41
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Guddala S, Kawaguchi Y, Komissarenko F, Kiriushechkina S, Vakulenko A, Chen K, Alù A, M Menon V, Khanikaev AB. All-optical nonreciprocity due to valley polarization pumping in transition metal dichalcogenides. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3746. [PMID: 34145288 PMCID: PMC8213841 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonreciprocity and nonreciprocal optical devices play a vital role in modern photonic technologies by enforcing one-way propagation of light. Here, we demonstrate an all-optical approach to nonreciprocity based on valley-selective response in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). This approach overcomes the limitations of magnetic materials and it does not require an external magnetic field. We provide experimental evidence of photoinduced nonreciprocity in a monolayer WS2 pumped by circularly polarized (CP) light. Nonreciprocity stems from valley-selective exciton population, giving rise to nonlinear circular dichroism controlled by CP pump fields. Our experimental results reveal a significant effect even at room temperature, despite considerable intervalley-scattering, showing promising potential for practical applications in magnetic-free nonreciprocal platforms. As an example, here we propose a device scheme to realize an optical isolator based on a pass-through silicon nitride (SiN) ring resonator integrating the optically biased TMD monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Guddala
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Grove School of Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuma Kawaguchi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Grove School of Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Filipp Komissarenko
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Grove School of Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Svetlana Kiriushechkina
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Grove School of Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anton Vakulenko
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Grove School of Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Grove School of Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Physics Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Alù
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Grove School of Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Physics Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vinod M Menon
- Physics Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander B Khanikaev
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Grove School of Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
- Physics Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA.
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42
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Su R, Ghosh S, Liew TCH, Xiong Q. Optical switching of topological phase in a perovskite polariton lattice. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/21/eabf8049. [PMID: 34020955 PMCID: PMC8139588 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf8049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Strong light-matter interaction enriches topological photonics by dressing light with matter, which provides the possibility to realize active nonlinear topological devices with immunity to defects. Topological exciton polaritons-half-light, half-matter quasiparticles with giant optical nonlinearity-represent a unique platform for active topological photonics. Previous demonstrations of exciton polariton topological insulators demand cryogenic temperatures, and their topological properties are usually fixed. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a room temperature exciton polariton topological insulator in a perovskite zigzag lattice. Polarization serves as a degree of freedom to switch between distinct topological phases, and the topologically nontrivial polariton edge states persist in the presence of onsite energy perturbations, showing strong immunity to disorder. We further demonstrate exciton polariton condensation into the topological edge states under optical pumping. These results provide an ideal platform for realizing active topological polaritonic devices working at ambient conditions, which can find important applications in topological lasers, optical modulation, and switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Su
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
| | - Sanjib Ghosh
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Timothy C H Liew
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
- MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit UMI 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China.
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
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43
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Xiong L, Li Y, Jung M, Forsythe C, Zhang S, McLeod AS, Dong Y, Liu S, Ruta FL, Li C, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Fogler MM, Edgar JH, Shvets G, Dean CR, Basov DN. Programmable Bloch polaritons in graphene. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabe8087. [PMID: 33962941 PMCID: PMC8104864 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe8087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Efficient control of photons is enabled by hybridizing light with matter. The resulting light-matter quasi-particles can be readily programmed by manipulating either their photonic or matter constituents. Here, we hybridized infrared photons with graphene Dirac electrons to form surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and uncovered a previously unexplored means to control SPPs in structures with periodically modulated carrier density. In these periodic structures, common SPPs with continuous dispersion are transformed into Bloch polaritons with attendant discrete bands separated by bandgaps. We explored directional Bloch polaritons and steered their propagation by dialing the proper gate voltage. Fourier analysis of the near-field images corroborates that this on-demand nano-optics functionality is rooted in the polaritonic band structure. Our programmable polaritonic platform paves the way for the much-sought benefits of on-the-chip photonic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xiong
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Yutao Li
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Minwoo Jung
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Carlos Forsythe
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | | | - Yinan Dong
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Song Liu
- The Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Frank L Ruta
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Casey Li
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Michael M Fogler
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - James H Edgar
- The Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Gennady Shvets
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Cory R Dean
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - D N Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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44
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Wang Y, Liu W, Ji Z, Modi G, Hwang M, Agarwal R. Coherent Interactions in One-Dimensional Topological Photonic Systems and Their Applications in All-Optical Logic Operation. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:8796-8802. [PMID: 33155819 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Topological photonics has become an active subfield of photonics analogous to the electronic counterpart, and the bulk-edge correspondence leads to robust topologically protected interfacial states. However, a single-topological interface mode with fixed energy cannot be easily manipulated, hindering its applications in optical devices. Here, we study coupled-waveguide arrays mapped to a one-dimensional Su-Schrieffer-Heeger system with two coupled topological interfaces. This configuration greatly increases device versatility and tunability while keeping the confinement of coupled-interface modes inherited from the topological properties nearly intact. Theoretically predicted oscillations between coupled interfaces is experimentally observed. The spatial and energetic isolation of the coupled interface states from the bulk modes is experimentally observed and theoretically confirmed by calculating the degree of localization of the eigenstates, which is found to be comparable to a single-interface state. Finally, a proof-of-principle, all-optical logic circuit is fabricated based on coupled interfaces, demonstrating its potential in assembling on-chip topological optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Zhurun Ji
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Gaurav Modi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Minsoo Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ritesh Agarwal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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