1
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Wu Y, Liu J, Yu W, Zhang T, Mu H, Si G, Cui Z, Lin S, Zheng B, Qiu CW, Chen H, Ou Q. Monolithically Structured van der Waals Materials for Volume-Polariton Refraction and Focusing. ACS NANO 2024; 18:17065-17074. [PMID: 38885193 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c03630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Polaritons, hybrid light and matter waves, offer a platform for subwavelength on-chip light manipulation. Recent works on planar refraction and focusing of polaritons all rely on heterogeneous components with different refractive indices. A fundamental question, thus, arises whether it is possible to configure two-dimensional monolithic polariton lenses based on a single medium. Here, we design and fabricate a type of monolithic polariton lens by directly sculpting an individual hyperbolic van der Waals crystal. The in-plane polariton focusing through sculptured step-terraces is triggered by geometry-induced symmetry breaking of momentum matching in polariton refractions. We show that the monolithic polariton lenses can be robustly tuned by the rise of van der Waals terraces and their curvatures, achieving a subwavelength focusing resolution down to 10% of the free-space light wavelength. Fusing with transformation optics, monolithic polariton lenses with gradient effective refractive indices, such as Luneburg lenses and Maxwell's fisheye lenses, are expected by sculpting polaritonic structures with gradually varied depths. Our results bear potential in planar subwavelength lenses, integrated optical circuits, and photonic chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Wu
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
- International Joint Innovation Centre, Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321099, China
| | - Jingying Liu
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao 999078, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, VIC, Clayton 3800, Australia
| | - Wenzhi Yu
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523000, China
| | - Tan Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Haoran Mu
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523000, China
| | - Guangyuan Si
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Zhenyang Cui
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
- International Joint Innovation Centre, Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321099, China
| | - Shenghuang Lin
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523000, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
- International Joint Innovation Centre, Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321099, China
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Hongsheng Chen
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
- International Joint Innovation Centre, Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321099, China
| | - Qingdong Ou
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao 999078, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, VIC, Clayton 3800, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton 3168, Australia
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2
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Li J, Yang R, Higashitarumizu N, Dai S, Wu J, Javey A, Grigoropoulos CP. Transient Nanoscopy of Exciton Dynamics in 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311568. [PMID: 38588584 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The electronic and optical properties of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides are dominated by strong excitonic resonances. Exciton dynamics plays a critical role in the functionality and performance of many miniaturized 2D optoelectronic devices; however, the measurement of nanoscale excitonic behaviors remains challenging. Here, a near-field transient nanoscopy is reported to probe exciton dynamics beyond the diffraction limit. Exciton recombination and exciton-exciton annihilation processes in monolayer and bilayer MoS2 are studied as the proof-of-concept demonstration. Moreover, with the capability to access local sites, intriguing exciton dynamics near the monolayer-bilayer interface and at the MoS2 nano-wrinkles are resolved. Such nanoscale resolution highlights the potential of this transient nanoscopy for fundamental investigation of exciton physics and further optimization of functional devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingang Li
- Laser Thermal Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Rundi Yang
- Laser Thermal Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Naoki Higashitarumizu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Siyuan Dai
- Materials Research and Education Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Junqiao Wu
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ali Javey
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Costas P Grigoropoulos
- Laser Thermal Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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3
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Siday T, Hayes J, Schiegl F, Sandner F, Menden P, Bergbauer V, Zizlsperger M, Nerreter S, Lingl S, Repp J, Wilhelm J, Huber MA, Gerasimenko YA, Huber R. All-optical subcycle microscopy on atomic length scales. Nature 2024; 629:329-334. [PMID: 38720038 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07355-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Bringing optical microscopy to the shortest possible length and time scales has been a long-sought goal, connecting nanoscopic elementary dynamics with the macroscopic functionalities of condensed matter. Super-resolution microscopy has circumvented the far-field diffraction limit by harnessing optical nonlinearities1. By exploiting linear interaction with tip-confined evanescent light fields2, near-field microscopy3,4 has reached even higher resolution, prompting a vibrant research field by exploring the nanocosm in motion5-19. Yet the finite radius of the nanometre-sized tip apex has prevented access to atomic resolution20. Here we leverage extreme atomic nonlinearities within tip-confined evanescent fields to push all-optical microscopy to picometric spatial and femtosecond temporal resolution. On these scales, we discover an unprecedented and efficient non-classical near-field response, in phase with the vector potential of light and strictly confined to atomic dimensions. This ultrafast signal is characterized by an optical phase delay of approximately π/2 and facilitates direct monitoring of tunnelling dynamics. We showcase the power of our optical concept by imaging nanometre-sized defects hidden to atomic force microscopy and by subcycle sampling of current transients on a semiconducting van der Waals material. Our results facilitate access to quantum light-matter interaction and electronic dynamics at ultimately short spatio-temporal scales in both conductive and insulating quantum materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Siday
- Department of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - J Hayes
- Department of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - F Schiegl
- Department of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - F Sandner
- Department of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - P Menden
- Department of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - V Bergbauer
- Department of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M Zizlsperger
- Department of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - S Nerreter
- Department of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - S Lingl
- Department of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - J Repp
- Department of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - J Wilhelm
- Department of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - M A Huber
- Department of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Y A Gerasimenko
- Department of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - R Huber
- Department of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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4
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Meineke C, Schlosser J, Zizlsperger M, Liebich M, Nilforoushan N, Mosina K, Terres S, Chernikov A, Sofer Z, Huber MA, Florian M, Kira M, Dirnberger F, Huber R. Ultrafast Exciton Dynamics in the Atomically Thin van der Waals Magnet CrSBr. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:4101-4107. [PMID: 38507732 PMCID: PMC11010225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c05010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Among atomically thin semiconductors, CrSBr stands out as both its bulk and monolayer forms host tightly bound, quasi-one-dimensional excitons in a magnetic environment. Despite its pivotal importance for solid-state research, the exciton lifetime has remained unknown. While terahertz polarization probing can directly trace all excitons, independently of interband selection rules, the corresponding large far-field foci substantially exceed the lateral sample dimensions. Here, we combine terahertz polarization spectroscopy with near-field microscopy to reveal a femtosecond decay of paramagnetic excitons in a monolayer of CrSBr, which is 30 times shorter than the bulk lifetime. We unveil low-energy fingerprints of bound and unbound electron-hole pairs in bulk CrSBr and extract the nonequilibrium dielectric function of the monolayer in a model-free manner. Our results demonstrate the first direct access to the ultrafast dielectric response of quasi-one-dimensional excitons in CrSBr, potentially advancing the development of quantum devices based on ultrathin van der Waals magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Meineke
- Department
of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Schlosser
- Department
of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Zizlsperger
- Department
of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marlene Liebich
- Department
of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Niloufar Nilforoushan
- Department
of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kseniia Mosina
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Sophia Terres
- Institute
of Applied Physics and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence, Dresden University of Technology, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexey Chernikov
- Institute
of Applied Physics and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence, Dresden University of Technology, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Zdenek Sofer
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Markus A. Huber
- Department
of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Florian
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mackillo Kira
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Florian Dirnberger
- Institute
of Applied Physics and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence, Dresden University of Technology, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Rupert Huber
- Department
of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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5
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Zhang T, Yan Q, Yang X, Ma W, Chen R, Zhang X, Janzen E, Edgar JH, Qiu CW, Zhang X, Li P. Spatiotemporal beating and vortices of van der Waals hyperbolic polaritons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2319465121. [PMID: 38466854 PMCID: PMC10963007 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319465121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In conventional thin materials, the diffraction limit of light constrains the number of waveguide modes that can exist at a given frequency. However, layered van der Waals (vdW) materials, such as hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), can surpass this limitation due to their dielectric anisotropy, exhibiting positive permittivity along one optic axis and negativity along the other. This enables the propagation of hyperbolic rays within the material bulk and an unlimited number of subdiffractional modes characterized by hyperbolic dispersion. By employing time-domain near-field interferometry to analyze ultrafast hyperbolic ray pulses in thin hBN, we showed that their zigzag reflection trajectories bound within the hBN layer create an illusion of backward-moving and leaping behavior of pulse fringes. These rays result from the coherent beating of hyperbolic waveguide modes but could be mistakenly interpreted as negative group velocities and backward energy flow. Moreover, the zigzag reflections produce nanoscale (60 nm) and ultrafast (40 fs) spatiotemporal optical vortices along the trajectory, presenting opportunities to chiral spatiotemporal control of light-matter interactions. Supported by experimental evidence, our simulations highlight the potential of hyperbolic ray reflections for molecular vibrational absorption nanospectroscopy. The results pave the way for miniaturized, on-chip optical spectrometers, and ultrafast optical manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianning Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan430074, China
| | - Qizhi Yan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan430074, China
| | - Xiaosheng Yang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan430074, China
| | - Weiliang Ma
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan430074, China
| | - Runkun Chen
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan430074, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan430074, China
| | - Eli Janzen
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS66506
| | - James H. Edgar
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS66506
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore117583, Singapore
| | - Xinliang Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan430074, China
- Office of the President, Xidian University, Xi’an710126, China
| | - Peining Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan430074, China
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6
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Wang H, Zhong Y, Jiang W, Latini S, Xia S, Cui T, Li Z, Low T, Liu F. Strain-Tunable Hyperbolic Exciton Polaritons in Monolayer Black Arsenic with Two Exciton Resonances. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:2057-2062. [PMID: 38285001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Hyperbolic polaritons have been attracting increasing interest for applications in optoelectronics, biosensing, and super-resolution imaging. Here, we report the in-plane hyperbolic exciton polaritons in monolayer black-arsenic (B-As), where hyperbolicity arises strikingly from two exciton resonant peaks. Remarkably, the presence of two resonances at different momenta makes overall hyperbolicity highly tunable by strain, as the two exciton peaks can be merged into the same frequency to double the strength of hyperbolicity as well as light absorption under a 1.5% biaxial strain. Moreover, the frequency of the merged hyperbolicity can be further tuned from 1.35 to 0.8 eV by an anisotropic biaxial strain. Furthermore, electromagnetic numerical simulation reveals a strain-induced hyperbolicity, as manifested in a topological transition of iso-frequency contour of exciton polaritons. The good tunability, large exciton binding energy, and strong light absorption exhibited in the hyperbolic monolayer B-As make it highly suitable for nanophotonics applications under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Wang
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yuhan Zhong
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Simone Latini
- Nanomade, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Shengxuan Xia
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Tian Cui
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhenglu Li
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Tony Low
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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7
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Fu R, Qu Y, Xue M, Liu X, Chen S, Zhao Y, Chen R, Li B, Weng H, Liu Q, Dai Q, Chen J. Manipulating hyperbolic transient plasmons in a layered semiconductor. Nat Commun 2024; 15:709. [PMID: 38267417 PMCID: PMC10808201 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44971-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Anisotropic materials with oppositely signed dielectric tensors support hyperbolic polaritons, displaying enhanced electromagnetic localization and directional energy flow. However, the most reported hyperbolic phonon polaritons are difficult to apply for active electro-optical modulations and optoelectronic devices. Here, we report a dynamic topological plasmonic dispersion transition in black phosphorus via photo-induced carrier injection, i.e., transforming the iso-frequency contour from a pristine ellipsoid to a non-equilibrium hyperboloid. Our work also demonstrates the peculiar transient plasmonic properties of the studied layered semiconductor, such as the ultrafast transition, low propagation losses, efficient optical emission from the black phosphorus's edges, and the characterization of different transient plasmon modes. Our results may be relevant for the development of future optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rao Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences & School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yusong Qu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology & School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | | | - Xinghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Shengyao Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yongqian Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences & School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325001, China
| | - Runkun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Boxuan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences & School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hongming Weng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences & School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Qian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology & School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Qing Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology & School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Jianing Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences & School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China.
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8
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Wang H, Kumar A, Dai S, Lin X, Jacob Z, Oh SH, Menon V, Narimanov E, Kim YD, Wang JP, Avouris P, Martin Moreno L, Caldwell J, Low T. Planar hyperbolic polaritons in 2D van der Waals materials. Nat Commun 2024; 15:69. [PMID: 38167681 PMCID: PMC10761702 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43992-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Anisotropic planar polaritons - hybrid electromagnetic modes mediated by phonons, plasmons, or excitons - in biaxial two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals crystals have attracted significant attention due to their fundamental physics and potential nanophotonic applications. In this Perspective, we review the properties of planar hyperbolic polaritons and the variety of methods that can be used to experimentally tune them. We argue that such natural, planar hyperbolic media should be fairly common in biaxial and uniaxial 2D and 1D van der Waals crystals, and identify the untapped opportunities they could enable for functional (i.e. ferromagnetic, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric) polaritons. Lastly, we provide our perspectives on the technological applications of such planar hyperbolic polaritons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, 315211, Ningbo, China
| | - Anshuman Kumar
- Laboratory of Optics of Quantum Materials, Department of Physics, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400076, India
| | - Siyuan Dai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Xiao Lin
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zubin Jacob
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Sang-Hyun Oh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Vinod Menon
- Department of Physics, City College and Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Evgenii Narimanov
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Young Duck Kim
- Department of Physics and Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jian-Ping Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Phaedon Avouris
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, 10598, USA
| | - Luis Martin Moreno
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragon (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
- Departamento de Fisica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Joshua Caldwell
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Tony Low
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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9
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Ruta FL, Zhang S, Shao Y, Moore SL, Acharya S, Sun Z, Qiu S, Geurs J, Kim BSY, Fu M, Chica DG, Pashov D, Xu X, Xiao D, Delor M, Zhu XY, Millis AJ, Roy X, Hone JC, Dean CR, Katsnelson MI, van Schilfgaarde M, Basov DN. Hyperbolic exciton polaritons in a van der Waals magnet. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8261. [PMID: 38086835 PMCID: PMC10716151 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44100-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Exciton polaritons are quasiparticles of photons coupled strongly to bound electron-hole pairs, manifesting as an anti-crossing light dispersion near an exciton resonance. Highly anisotropic semiconductors with opposite-signed permittivities along different crystal axes are predicted to host exotic modes inside the anti-crossing called hyperbolic exciton polaritons (HEPs), which confine light subdiffractionally with enhanced density of states. Here, we show observational evidence of steady-state HEPs in the van der Waals magnet chromium sulfide bromide (CrSBr) using a cryogenic near-infrared near-field microscope. At low temperatures, in the magnetically-ordered state, anisotropic exciton resonances sharpen, driving the permittivity negative along one crystal axis and enabling HEP propagation. We characterize HEP momentum and losses in CrSBr, also demonstrating coupling to excitonic sidebands and enhancement by magnetic order: which boosts exciton spectral weight via wavefunction delocalization. Our findings open new pathways to nanoscale manipulation of excitons and light, including routes to magnetic, nonlocal, and quantum polaritonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco L Ruta
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Yinming Shao
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel L Moore
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Zhiyuan Sun
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Siyuan Qiu
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Johannes Geurs
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Columbia Nano Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian S Y Kim
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Fu
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel G Chica
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dimitar Pashov
- Theory and Simulation of Condensed Matter, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Di Xiao
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Milan Delor
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - X-Y Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew J Millis
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - James C Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cory R Dean
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mikhail I Katsnelson
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - D N Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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10
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Astratov VN, Sahel YB, Eldar YC, Huang L, Ozcan A, Zheludev N, Zhao J, Burns Z, Liu Z, Narimanov E, Goswami N, Popescu G, Pfitzner E, Kukura P, Hsiao YT, Hsieh CL, Abbey B, Diaspro A, LeGratiet A, Bianchini P, Shaked NT, Simon B, Verrier N, Debailleul M, Haeberlé O, Wang S, Liu M, Bai Y, Cheng JX, Kariman BS, Fujita K, Sinvani M, Zalevsky Z, Li X, Huang GJ, Chu SW, Tzang O, Hershkovitz D, Cheshnovsky O, Huttunen MJ, Stanciu SG, Smolyaninova VN, Smolyaninov II, Leonhardt U, Sahebdivan S, Wang Z, Luk’yanchuk B, Wu L, Maslov AV, Jin B, Simovski CR, Perrin S, Montgomery P, Lecler S. Roadmap on Label-Free Super-Resolution Imaging. LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS 2023; 17:2200029. [PMID: 38883699 PMCID: PMC11178318 DOI: 10.1002/lpor.202200029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Label-free super-resolution (LFSR) imaging relies on light-scattering processes in nanoscale objects without a need for fluorescent (FL) staining required in super-resolved FL microscopy. The objectives of this Roadmap are to present a comprehensive vision of the developments, the state-of-the-art in this field, and to discuss the resolution boundaries and hurdles which need to be overcome to break the classical diffraction limit of the LFSR imaging. The scope of this Roadmap spans from the advanced interference detection techniques, where the diffraction-limited lateral resolution is combined with unsurpassed axial and temporal resolution, to techniques with true lateral super-resolution capability which are based on understanding resolution as an information science problem, on using novel structured illumination, near-field scanning, and nonlinear optics approaches, and on designing superlenses based on nanoplasmonics, metamaterials, transformation optics, and microsphere-assisted approaches. To this end, this Roadmap brings under the same umbrella researchers from the physics and biomedical optics communities in which such studies have often been developing separately. The ultimate intent of this paper is to create a vision for the current and future developments of LFSR imaging based on its physical mechanisms and to create a great opening for the series of articles in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily N. Astratov
- Department of Physics and Optical Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223-0001, USA
| | - Yair Ben Sahel
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yonina C. Eldar
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Luzhe Huang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- California Nano Systems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- California Nano Systems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Nikolay Zheludev
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| | - Junxiang Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Zachary Burns
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Zhaowei Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Material Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Evgenii Narimanov
- School of Electrical Engineering, and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Neha Goswami
- Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Gabriel Popescu
- Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Emanuel Pfitzner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Philipp Kukura
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Yi-Teng Hsiao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica 1, Roosevelt Rd. Sec. 4, Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lung Hsieh
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica 1, Roosevelt Rd. Sec. 4, Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Brian Abbey
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alberto Diaspro
- Optical Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, CHT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen 83B, 16152 Genoa, Italy
- DIFILAB, Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Aymeric LeGratiet
- Optical Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, CHT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen 83B, 16152 Genoa, Italy
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON - UMR 6082, F-22305 Lannion, France
| | - Paolo Bianchini
- Optical Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, CHT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen 83B, 16152 Genoa, Italy
- DIFILAB, Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Natan T. Shaked
- Tel Aviv University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Bertrand Simon
- LP2N, Institut d’Optique Graduate School, CNRS UMR 5298, Université de Bordeaux, Talence France
| | - Nicolas Verrier
- IRIMAS UR UHA 7499, Université de Haute-Alsace, Mulhouse, France
| | | | - Olivier Haeberlé
- IRIMAS UR UHA 7499, Université de Haute-Alsace, Mulhouse, France
| | - Sheng Wang
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, China
| | - Mengkun Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, USA
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA
| | - Yeran Bai
- Boston University Photonics Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Boston University Photonics Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Behjat S. Kariman
- Optical Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, CHT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen 83B, 16152 Genoa, Italy
- DIFILAB, Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Katsumasa Fujita
- Department of Applied Physics and the Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory (AIST); and the Transdimensional Life Imaging Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Moshe Sinvani
- Faculty of Engineering and the Nano-Technology Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900 Israel
| | - Zeev Zalevsky
- Faculty of Engineering and the Nano-Technology Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900 Israel
| | - Xiangping Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guan-Jie Huang
- Department of Physics and Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Wei Chu
- Department of Physics and Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Omer Tzang
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler faculty of Exact Sciences, and the Center for Light matter Interactions, and the Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dror Hershkovitz
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler faculty of Exact Sciences, and the Center for Light matter Interactions, and the Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ori Cheshnovsky
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler faculty of Exact Sciences, and the Center for Light matter Interactions, and the Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Mikko J. Huttunen
- Laboratory of Photonics, Physics Unit, Tampere University, FI-33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Stefan G. Stanciu
- Center for Microscopy – Microanalysis and Information Processing, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vera N. Smolyaninova
- Department of Physics Astronomy and Geosciences, Towson University, 8000 York Rd., Towson, MD 21252, USA
| | - Igor I. Smolyaninov
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Ulf Leonhardt
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sahar Sahebdivan
- EMTensor GmbH, TechGate, Donau-City-Strasse 1, 1220 Wien, Austria
| | - Zengbo Wang
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 1UT, United Kingdom
| | - Boris Luk’yanchuk
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Limin Wu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Alexey V. Maslov
- Department of Radiophysics, University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, 603022, Russia
| | - Boya Jin
- Department of Physics and Optical Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223-0001, USA
| | - Constantin R. Simovski
- Department of Electronics and Nano-Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
- Faculty of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, 199034, St-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Stephane Perrin
- ICube Research Institute, University of Strasbourg - CNRS - INSA de Strasbourg, 300 Bd. Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Paul Montgomery
- ICube Research Institute, University of Strasbourg - CNRS - INSA de Strasbourg, 300 Bd. Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Sylvain Lecler
- ICube Research Institute, University of Strasbourg - CNRS - INSA de Strasbourg, 300 Bd. Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
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11
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Philbin JP, Haugland TS, Ghosh TK, Ronca E, Chen M, Narang P, Koch H. Molecular van der Waals Fluids in Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:8988-8993. [PMID: 37774379 PMCID: PMC10578074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Intermolecular van der Waals interactions are central to chemical and physical phenomena ranging from biomolecule binding to soft-matter phase transitions. In this work, we demonstrate that strong light-matter coupling can be used to control the thermodynamic properties of many-molecule systems. Our analyses reveal orientation dependent single molecule energies and interaction energies for van der Waals molecules. For example, we find intermolecular interactions that depend on the distance between the molecules R as R-3 and R0. Moreover, we employ ab initio cavity quantum electrodynamics calculations to develop machine-learning-based interaction potentials for molecules inside optical cavities. By simulating systems ranging from 12 H2 to 144 H2 molecules, we observe varying degrees of orientational order because of cavity-modified interactions, and we explain how quantum nuclear effects, light-matter coupling strengths, number of cavity modes, molecular anisotropies, and system size all impact the extent of orientational order.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P. Philbin
- Harvard
John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- College
of Letters and Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Tor S. Haugland
- Department
of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science
and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tushar K. Ghosh
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Enrico Ronca
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università
degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Max Planck
Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center Free-Electron
Laser Science, Luruper
Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ming Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Prineha Narang
- Harvard
John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- College
of Letters and Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Henrik Koch
- Department
of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science
and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Scuola
Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri, 7, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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12
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Zhang X, Yan Q, Ma W, Zhang T, Yang X, Zhang X, Li P. Ultrafast anisotropic dynamics of hyperbolic nanolight pulse propagation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi4407. [PMID: 37624891 PMCID: PMC10456838 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi4407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Polariton pulses-transient light-matter hybrid excitations-traveling through anisotropic media can lead to unusual optical phenomena in space and time. However, studying these pulses presents challenges with their anisotropic, ultrafast, and nanoscale field variations. Here, we demonstrate the creation, observation, and control of polariton pulses, with in-plane hyperbolic dispersion, on anisotropic crystal surfaces by using a time-resolved nanoimaging technique and our developed high-dimensional data processing. We capture and analyze movies of distinctive pulse spatiotemporal dynamics, including curved ultraslow energy flow trajectories, anisotropic dissipation, and dynamical misalignment between phase and group velocities. Our approach enables analysis of polariton pulses in the wave vector time domain, demonstrating a time-domain polaritonic topological transition from lenticular to hyperbolic dispersion contours and the ability to study the polariton-induced time-varying optical forces. Our findings promise to facilitate the study of diverse space-time phenomena at extreme scales and drive advances in ultrafast nanoimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Qizhi Yan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Weiliang Ma
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Tianning Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Xiaosheng Yang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Xinliang Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei 430074, China
- Xidian University, Xi’an 710126, China
| | - Peining Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei 430074, China
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13
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Zeng Y, Sun T, Chen R, Ma W, Yan Q, Lu D, Qin T, Hu C, Yang X, Li P. Optical nanoimaging of highly-confined phonon polaritons in atomically-thin nanoribbons of α-MoO 3. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:28010-28017. [PMID: 37710864 DOI: 10.1364/oe.492369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Phonon polaritons (PhPs), collective modes hybridizing photons with lattice vibrations in polar insulators, enable nanoscale control of light. In recent years, the exploration of in-plane anisotropic PhPs has yielded new levels of confinement and directional manipulation of nano-light. However, the investigation of in-plane anisotropic PhPs at the atomic layer limit is still elusive. Here, we report the optical nanoimaging of highly-confined phonon polaritons in atomically-thin nanoribbons of α-MoO3 (5 atomic layers). We show that narrow α-MoO3 nanoribbons as thin as a few atomic layers can support anisotropic PhPs modes with a high confinement ratio (∼133 times smaller wavelength than that of light). The anisotropic PhPs interference fringe patterns in atomic layers are tunable depending on the PhP wavelength via changing the illumination frequency. Moreover, spatial control over the PhPs interference patterns is also achieved by varying the nanostructures' shape or nanoribbon width of atomically-thin α-MoO3. Our work may serve as an empirical reference point for other anisotropic PhPs that approach the thickness limit and pave the way for applications such as atomically integrated nano-photonics and sensing.
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14
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Wang C, Xie Y, Ma J, Hu G, Xing Q, Huang S, Song C, Wang F, Lei Y, Zhang J, Mu L, Zhang T, Huang Y, Qiu CW, Yao Y, Yan H. Twist-Angle and Thickness-Ratio Tuning of Plasmon Polaritons in Twisted Bilayer van der Waals Films. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:6907-6913. [PMID: 37494570 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Stacking bilayer structures is an efficient way to tune the topology of polaritons in in-plane anisotropic films, e.g., by leveraging the twist angle (TA). However, the effect of another geometric parameter, the film thickness ratio (TR), on manipulating the plasmon topology in bilayers is elusive. Here, we fabricate bilayer structures of WTe2 films, which naturally host in-plane hyperbolic plasmons in the terahertz range. Plasmon topology is successfully modified by changing the TR and TA synergistically, manifested by the extinction spectra of unpatterned films and the polarization dependence of the plasmon intensity measured in skew ribbon arrays. Such TR- and TA-tunable topological transitions can be well explained based on the effective sheet optical conductivity by adding up those of the two films. Our study demonstrates TR as another degree of freedom for the manipulation of plasmonic topology in nanophotonics, exhibiting promising applications in biosensing, heat transfer, and the enhancement of spontaneous emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics & Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuangang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Junwei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guangwei Hu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Qiaoxia Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shenyang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chaoyu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fanjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuchen Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiasheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lei Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tan Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Yuan Huang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Yugui Yao
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics & Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hugen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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15
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Chen X, Xu S, Shabani S, Zhao Y, Fu M, Millis AJ, Fogler MM, Pasupathy AN, Liu M, Basov DN. Machine Learning for Optical Scanning Probe Nanoscopy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2109171. [PMID: 36333118 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The ability to perform nanometer-scale optical imaging and spectroscopy is key to deciphering the low-energy effects in quantum materials, as well as vibrational fingerprints in planetary and extraterrestrial particles, catalytic substances, and aqueous biological samples. These tasks can be accomplished by the scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) technique that has recently spread to many research fields and enabled notable discoveries. Herein, it is shown that the s-SNOM, together with scanning probe research in general, can benefit in many ways from artificial-intelligence (AI) and machine-learning (ML) algorithms. Augmented with AI- and ML-enhanced data acquisition and analysis, scanning probe optical nanoscopy is poised to become more efficient, accurate, and intelligent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhong Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Suheng Xu
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Sara Shabani
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Yueqi Zhao
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0319, USA
| | - Matthew Fu
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Andrew J Millis
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Michael M Fogler
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0319, USA
| | - Abhay N Pasupathy
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Mengkun Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - D N Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
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16
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Wang K, Long H, Deng N, Yuan M, Wang B, Wang K, Lu P. Enhanced efficiency of launching hyperbolic phonon polaritons in stacked α-MoO 3 flakes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:20750-20760. [PMID: 37381191 DOI: 10.1364/oe.493972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we reported a systemic study on the enhanced efficiency of launching hyperbolic phonon polaritons (PhPs) in stacked α-phase molybdenum trioxide (α-MoO3) flakes. By using the infrared photo-induced force microscopy (PiFM), real-space near-field images (PiFM images) of mechanically exfoliated α-MoO3 thin flakes were recorded within three different Reststrahlen bands (RBs). As referred with PiFM fringes of the single flake, PiFM fringes of the stacked α-MoO3 sample within the RB 2 and RB 3 are greatly improved with the enhancement factor (EF) up to 170%. By performing numerical simulations, it reveals that the general improvement in near-field PiFM fringes arises from the existence of a nanoscale thin dielectric spacer in the middle part between two stacked α-MoO3 flakes. The nanogap acts as a nanoresonator for prompting the near-field coupling of hyperbolic PhPs supported by each flake in the stacked sample, contributing to the increase of polaritonic fields, and verifying the experimental observations Our findings could offer fundamental physical investigations into the effective excitation of PhPs and will be helpful for developing functional nanophotonic devices and circuits.
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17
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Xue M, Pan D, Zhao J, Chen J. Optically Tunable Transient Plasmons in InSb Nanowires. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208952. [PMID: 36683327 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Optical carrier incubation can effectively alter the electron transport properties of semiconductors; thus, optical switching of the plasmonic response of the semiconductor enables the ultrafast manipulation of the light at the nanoscale. Semiconductor nanostructures are promising platforms in on-chip high-speed plasmonic devices, owing to their high photoinduced electron injection efficiency at sub-picosecond and compatibility with contemporary semiconductor technologies. The pure single crystalline InSb nanowires are promising plasmonic materials in the mid-infrared region due to their high electron mobility and small electron effective mass. Here, the pump-probe nanoscopy is utilized to investigate the pump fluence dependency and the dynamics of the non-equilibrium plasmons in the InSb nanowires. The InSb plasmon is successfully switched by injecting the photoinduced electrons and the practical tuning of the plasmon frequency to one octave is shown by increasing the pump fluence from 0 to 90 µJ cm-2 . The density of the photoinduced electrons in InSb nanowires is 18.8 × 1018 cm-3 with pump fluence as low as 90 µJ cm-2 . The high electron mobility of the InSb supports the low-loss plasmon with a damping rate of ≈200 cm-1 . The InSb nanowires' excellent plasmonic properties ensure that they are a promising platform for upcoming high-speed mid-infrared plasmonic materials for informatic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Xue
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Dong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jianing Chen
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
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18
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Jia G, Luo J, Wang H, Ma Q, Liu Q, Dai H, Asgari R. Two-dimensional natural hyperbolic materials: from polaritons modulation to applications. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:17096-17118. [PMID: 36382501 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04181b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Natural hyperbolic materials (HMs) in two dimensions (2D) have an extraordinarily high anisotropy and a hyperbolic dispersion relation. Some of them can even sustain hyperbolic polaritons with great directional propagation and light compression to deeply sub-wavelength scales due to their inherent anisotropy. Herein, the anisotropic optical features of 2D natural HMs are reviewed. Four hyperbolic polaritons (i.e., phonon polaritons, plasmon polaritons, exciton polaritons, and shear polaritons) as well as their generation mechanism are discussed in detail. The natural merits of 2D HMs hold promise for practical quantum photonic applications such as valley quantum interference, mid-infrared polarizers, spontaneous emission enhancement, near-field thermal radiation, and a new generation of optoelectronic components, among others. The conclusion of these analyses outlines existing issues and potential interesting directions for 2D natural HMs. These findings could spur more interest in anisotropic 2D atomic crystals in the future, as well as the quick generation of natural HMs for new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyi Jia
- School of Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, P. R. China.
| | - Jinxuan Luo
- School of Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, P. R. China.
| | - Huaiwen Wang
- School of Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, P. R. China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Refrigeration Technology, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, P. R. China
| | - Qiaoyun Ma
- School of Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, P. R. China.
| | - Qinggang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Dai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
| | - Reza Asgari
- School of Physics, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, IPM, Tehran 19395-5531, Iran.
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19
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Nanoscale heterogeneity of ultrafast many-body carrier dynamics in triple cation perovskites. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6582. [PMID: 36323659 PMCID: PMC9630529 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33935-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In high fluence applications of lead halide perovskites for light-emitting diodes and lasers, multi-polaron interactions and associated Auger recombination limit the device performance. However, the relationship of the ultrafast and strongly lattice coupled carrier dynamics to nanoscale heterogeneities has remained elusive. Here, in ultrafast visible-pump infrared-probe nano-imaging of the photoinduced carrier dynamics in triple cation perovskite films, a ~20 % variation in sub-ns relaxation dynamics with spatial disorder on tens to hundreds of nanometer is resolved. We attribute the non-uniform relaxation dynamics to the heterogeneous evolution of polaron delocalization and increasing scattering time. The initial high-density excitation results in faster relaxation due to strong many-body interactions, followed by extended carrier lifetimes at lower densities. These results point towards the missing link between the optoelectronic heterogeneity and associated carrier dynamics to guide synthesis and device engineering for improved perovskites device performance. The optoelectronic performance of lead halide perovskite in highfluence applications are hindered by heterogeneous multi-polaron interactions in the nanoscale. Here, Nishda et al. spatially resolve sub-ns relaxation dynamics on the nanometer scale by ultrafast infrared pumpprobe nanoimaging.
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20
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Wu B, Xue S, Zhang Z, Chen H. Invisible devices with natural materials designed by evolutionary optimization. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:055312. [PMID: 36559475 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.055312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
It is a longstanding dream to put on a cloak and escape from sight. Transformation optics (TO) and artificial metamaterials turn this circumstance into reality, but the requirements for inhomogeneous and anisotropic materials make it almost impossible in practical realization. Furthermore, invisibility can only be constructed at a narrow frequency regime in previous studies and depends critically on the inescapable material losses. Here, the authors propose the multifrequency isotropic invisible devices and natural hyperbolic invisible devices using realistic materials, such as microwave materials and van der Waals (vdW) materials. The inherent material losses are taken into account in the optimization process, bringing the concept of invisibility closer to realistic conditions. To verify the stability of the proposed method, full-wave numerical simulations and analytical calculations are performed, and both obtained excellent invisibility performance. Due to the combined advantages of the simple two-layer core-shell configuration and natural materials, our work provides a promising platform for fabricating invisible devices at low cost and paves the way for new implementations of intelligent photonics beyond the limitations of TO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wu
- Department of Physics and Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shuwen Xue
- Department of Physics and Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- Department of Physics and Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Huanyang Chen
- Department of Physics and Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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21
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Shao Y, Sternbach AJ, Kim BSY, Rikhter AA, Xu X, De Giovannini U, Jing R, Chae SH, Sun Z, Lee SH, Zhu Y, Mao Z, Hone JC, Queiroz R, Millis AJ, Schuck PJ, Rubio A, Fogler MM, Basov DN. Infrared plasmons propagate through a hyperbolic nodal metal. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd6169. [PMID: 36288317 PMCID: PMC9604610 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add6169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Metals are canonical plasmonic media at infrared and optical wavelengths, allowing one to guide and manipulate light at the nanoscale. A special form of optical waveguiding is afforded by highly anisotropic crystals revealing the opposite signs of the dielectric functions along orthogonal directions. These media are classified as hyperbolic and include crystalline insulators, semiconductors, and artificial metamaterials. Layered anisotropic metals are also anticipated to support hyperbolic waveguiding. However, this behavior remains elusive, primarily because interband losses arrest the propagation of infrared modes. Here, we report on the observation of propagating hyperbolic waves in a prototypical layered nodal-line semimetal ZrSiSe. The observed waveguiding originates from polaritonic hybridization between near-infrared light and nodal-line plasmons. Unique nodal electronic structures simultaneously suppress interband loss and boost the plasmonic response, ultimately enabling the propagation of infrared modes through the bulk of the crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinming Shao
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | | | - Brian S. Y. Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Andrey A. Rikhter
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xinyi Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Umberto De Giovannini
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Hamburg 22761, Germany
- Università degli Studi di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica Emilio Segrè, via Archirafi 36, I-90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Ran Jing
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Sang Hoon Chae
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Sun
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Seng Huat Lee
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- 2D Crystal Consortium, Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Yanglin Zhu
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- 2D Crystal Consortium, Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Mao
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- 2D Crystal Consortium, Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - James C. Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Raquel Queiroz
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Andrew J. Millis
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics (CCQ), Flatiron Institute, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - P. James Schuck
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Angel Rubio
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Hamburg 22761, Germany
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics (CCQ), Flatiron Institute, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Michael M. Fogler
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Dmitri N. Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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22
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Hu H, Chen N, Teng H, Yu R, Qu Y, Sun J, Xue M, Hu D, Wu B, Li C, Chen J, Liu M, Sun Z, Liu Y, Li P, Fan S, García de Abajo FJ, Dai Q. Doping-driven topological polaritons in graphene/α-MoO 3 heterostructures. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:940-946. [PMID: 35982316 PMCID: PMC9477736 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01185-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Control over charge carrier density provides an efficient way to trigger phase transitions and modulate the optoelectronic properties of materials. This approach can also be used to induce topological transitions in the optical response of photonic systems. Here we report a topological transition in the isofrequency dispersion contours of hybrid polaritons supported by a two-dimensional heterostructure consisting of graphene and α-phase molybdenum trioxide. By chemically changing the doping level of graphene, we observed that the topology of polariton isofrequency surfaces transforms from open to closed shapes as a result of doping-dependent polariton hybridization. Moreover, when the substrate was changed, the dispersion contour became dominated by flat profiles at the topological transition, thus supporting tunable diffractionless polariton propagation and providing local control over the optical contour topology. We achieved subwavelength focusing of polaritons down to 4.8% of the free-space light wavelength by using a 1.5-μm-wide silica substrate as an in-plane lens. Our findings could lead to on-chip applications in nanoimaging, optical sensing and manipulation of energy transfer at the nanoscale.
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Grants
- National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2020YFB2205701), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51902065, 52172139, 51925203, U2032206, 52072083, and 51972072)
- Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 2202062), and Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB36000000, XDB30000000).
- Z.P.S. acknowledges the Academy of Finland (Grant Nos. 314810, 333982, 336144, and 336818), The Business Finland (ALDEL), the Academy of Finland Flagship Programme (320167, PREIN), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (820423, S2QUIP; 965124, FEMTOCHIP), the EU H2020-MSCA-RISE-872049 (IPN-Bio), and the ERC (834742).
- P.N.L acknowledges the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grantno.62075070)
- S.F. acknowledges the support of the U.S. Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG02-07ER46426.
- F.J.G.A. acknowledges the ERC (Advanced Grant 789104-eNANO), the Spanish MINECO (SEV2015-0522), and the CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative (PIFI) for 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Na Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanchao Teng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Renwen Yu
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Spain.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Yunpeng Qu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhe Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengfei Xue
- The Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Debo Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianing Chen
- The Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengkun Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, NY, USA
| | - Zhipei Sun
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peining Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanhui Fan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - F Javier García de Abajo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Spain.
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Qing Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Zhang Q, Ou Q, Si G, Hu G, Dong S, Chen Y, Ni J, Zhao C, Fuhrer MS, Yang Y, Alù A, Hillenbrand R, Qiu CW. Unidirectionally excited phonon polaritons in high-symmetry orthorhombic crystals. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn9774. [PMID: 35905184 PMCID: PMC9337755 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn9774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Advanced control over the excitation of ultraconfined polaritons-hybrid light and matter waves-empowers unique opportunities for many nanophotonic functionalities, e.g., on-chip circuits, quantum information processing, and controlling thermal radiation. Recent work has shown that highly asymmetric polaritons are directly governed by asymmetries in crystal structures. Here, we experimentally demonstrate extremely asymmetric and unidirectional phonon polariton (PhP) excitation via directly patterning high-symmetry orthorhombic van der Waals (vdW) crystal α-MoO3. This phenomenon results from symmetry breaking of momentum matching in polaritonic diffraction in vdW materials. We show that the propagation of PhPs can be versatile and robustly tailored via structural engineering, while PhPs in low-symmetry (e.g., monoclinic and triclinic) crystals are largely restricted by their naturally occurring permittivities. Our work synergizes grating diffraction phenomena with the extreme anisotropy of high-symmetry vdW materials, enabling unexpected control of infrared polaritons along different pathways and opening opportunities for applications ranging from on-chip photonics to directional heat dissipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Qingdong Ou
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE) , Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Guangyuan Si
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Guangwei Hu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Shaohua Dong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027 China
| | - Jincheng Ni
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Michael S. Fuhrer
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Yuanjie Yang
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Andrea Alù
- Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
- Physics Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Rainer Hillenbrand
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA and Department of Electricity and Electronics, UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
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24
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Zheng C, Simpson RE, Tang K, Ke Y, Nemati A, Zhang Q, Hu G, Lee C, Teng J, Yang JKW, Wu J, Qiu CW. Enabling Active Nanotechnologies by Phase Transition: From Electronics, Photonics to Thermotics. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15450-15500. [PMID: 35894820 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phase transitions can occur in certain materials such as transition metal oxides (TMOs) and chalcogenides when there is a change in external conditions such as temperature and pressure. Along with phase transitions in these phase change materials (PCMs) come dramatic contrasts in various physical properties, which can be engineered to manipulate electrons, photons, polaritons, and phonons at the nanoscale, offering new opportunities for reconfigurable, active nanodevices. In this review, we particularly discuss phase-transition-enabled active nanotechnologies in nonvolatile electrical memory, tunable metamaterials, and metasurfaces for manipulation of both free-space photons and in-plane polaritons, and multifunctional emissivity control in the infrared (IR) spectrum. The fundamentals of PCMs are first introduced to explain the origins and principles of phase transitions. Thereafter, we discuss multiphysical nanodevices for electronic, photonic, and thermal management, attesting to the broad applications and exciting promises of PCMs. Emerging trends and valuable applications in all-optical neuromorphic devices, thermal data storage, and encryption are outlined in the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqi Zheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Robert E Simpson
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Kechao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits (MOE), School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yujie Ke
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Arash Nemati
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Guangwei Hu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Jinghua Teng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Joel K W Yang
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), Singapore 487372, Singapore.,Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Junqiao Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, California 94720, United States
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
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25
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Vitalone RA, Sternbach AJ, Foutty BA, McLeod AS, Sow C, Golez D, Nakamura F, Maeno Y, Pasupathy AN, Georges A, Millis AJ, Basov DN. Nanoscale Femtosecond Dynamics of Mott Insulator (Ca 0.99Sr 0.01) 2RuO 4. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:5689-5697. [PMID: 35839312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ca2RuO4 is a transition-metal oxide that exhibits a Mott insulator-metal transition (IMT) concurrent with a symmetry-preserving Jahn-Teller distortion (JT) at 350 K. The coincidence of these two transitions demonstrates a high level of coupling between the electronic and structural degrees of freedom in Ca2RuO4. Using spectroscopic measurements with nanoscale spatial resolution, we interrogate the interplay of the JT and IMT through the temperature-driven transition. Then, we introduce photoexcitation with subpicosecond temporal resolution to explore the coupling of the JT and IMT via electron-hole injection under ambient conditions. Through the temperature-driven IMT, we observe phase coexistence in the form of a stripe phase existing at the domain wall between macroscopic insulating and metallic domains. Through ultrafast carrier injection, we observe the formation of midgap states via enhanced optical absorption. We propose that these midgap states become trapped by lattice polarons originating from the local perturbation of the JT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco A Vitalone
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, 1150 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Aaron J Sternbach
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, 1150 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Benjamin A Foutty
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, 1150 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, California 94305m United States
| | - Alexander S McLeod
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, 1150 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, New York 10027, United States
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 115 Union Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Chanchal Sow
- Deparment of Physics, Kyoto University, Yoshidahonmachi, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Physics, IIT Kanpur, Kalyanpur Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India 209016
| | - Denis Golez
- Center for Computational Physics, Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10010, United States
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jandranska 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Fumihiko Nakamura
- Department of Education and Creation Engineering, Kurume Institute of Technology, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0052, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Maeno
- Deparment of Physics, Kyoto University, Yoshidahonmachi, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Abhay N Pasupathy
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, 1150 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Antoine Georges
- Center for Computational Physics, Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10010, United States
- Department of Physics, College of France, 11Pl. Marcelin, Berthelot, Paris, France FR 75231
- CPHT, CNRS, Polytechnic Institute of Paris, Ecole Polytechnique Palaiseau, Paris, France FR 91128
- DQMP, Universite de Geneve, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, Geneve CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J Millis
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, 1150 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Center for Computational Physics, Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - D N Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, 1150 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, New York 10027, United States
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Siday T, Sandner F, Brem S, Zizlsperger M, Perea-Causin R, Schiegl F, Nerreter S, Plankl M, Merkl P, Mooshammer F, Huber MA, Malic E, Huber R. Ultrafast Nanoscopy of High-Density Exciton Phases in WSe 2. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:2561-2568. [PMID: 35157466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The density-driven transition of an exciton gas into an electron-hole plasma remains a compelling question in condensed matter physics. In two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides, strongly bound excitons can undergo this phase change after transient injection of electron-hole pairs. Unfortunately, unavoidable nanoscale inhomogeneity in these materials has impeded quantitative investigation into this elusive transition. Here, we demonstrate how ultrafast polarization nanoscopy can capture the Mott transition through the density-dependent recombination dynamics of electron-hole pairs within a WSe2 homobilayer. For increasing carrier density, an initial monomolecular recombination of optically dark excitons transitions continuously into a bimolecular recombination of an unbound electron-hole plasma above 7 × 1012 cm-2. We resolve how the Mott transition modulates over nanometer length scales, directly evidencing the strong inhomogeneity in stacked monolayers. Our results demonstrate how ultrafast polarization nanoscopy could unveil the interplay of strong electronic correlations and interlayer coupling within a diverse range of stacked and twisted two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Siday
- Department of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Sandner
- Department of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Brem
- Department of Physics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Zizlsperger
- Department of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Raul Perea-Causin
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Felix Schiegl
- Department of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Svenja Nerreter
- Department of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Plankl
- Department of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Merkl
- Department of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Mooshammer
- Department of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Markus A Huber
- Department of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ermin Malic
- Department of Physics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rupert Huber
- Department of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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Huang L, Krasnok A, Alú A, Yu Y, Neshev D, Miroshnichenko AE. Enhanced light-matter interaction in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 85:046401. [PMID: 34939940 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac45f9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) materials, such as MoS2, WS2, MoSe2, and WSe2, have received extensive attention in the past decade due to their extraordinary electronic, optical and thermal properties. They evolve from indirect bandgap semiconductors to direct bandgap semiconductors while their layer number is reduced from a few layers to a monolayer limit. Consequently, there is strong photoluminescence in a monolayer (1L) TMDC due to the large quantum yield. Moreover, such monolayer semiconductors have two other exciting properties: large binding energy of excitons and valley polarization. These properties make them become ideal materials for various electronic, photonic and optoelectronic devices. However, their performance is limited by the relatively weak light-matter interactions due to their atomically thin form factor. Resonant nanophotonic structures provide a viable way to address this issue and enhance light-matter interactions in 2D TMDCs. Here, we provide an overview of this research area, showcasing relevant applications, including exotic light emission, absorption and scattering features. We start by overviewing the concept of excitons in 1L-TMDC and the fundamental theory of cavity-enhanced emission, followed by a discussion on the recent progress of enhanced light emission, strong coupling and valleytronics. The atomically thin nature of 1L-TMDC enables a broad range of ways to tune its electric and optical properties. Thus, we continue by reviewing advances in TMDC-based tunable photonic devices. Next, we survey the recent progress in enhanced light absorption over narrow and broad bandwidths using 1L or few-layer TMDCs, and their applications for photovoltaics and photodetectors. We also review recent efforts of engineering light scattering, e.g., inducing Fano resonances, wavefront engineering in 1L or few-layer TMDCs by either integrating resonant structures, such as plasmonic/Mie resonant metasurfaces, or directly patterning monolayer/few layers TMDCs. We then overview the intriguing physical properties of different van der Waals heterostructures, and their applications in optoelectronic and photonic devices. Finally, we draw our opinion on potential opportunities and challenges in this rapidly developing field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujun Huang
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Alex Krasnok
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, United States of America
| | - Andrea Alú
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, United States of America
- Physics Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
| | - Yiling Yu
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States of America
| | - Dragomir Neshev
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems (TMOS), Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Andrey E Miroshnichenko
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
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28
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Ultrafast infrared nano-imaging of far-from-equilibrium carrier and vibrational dynamics. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1083. [PMID: 35228517 PMCID: PMC8885862 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28224-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractUltrafast infrared nano-imaging has demonstrated access to ultrafast carrier dynamics on the nanoscale in semiconductor, correlated-electron, or polaritonic materials. However, mostly limited to short-lived transient states, the contrast obtained has remained insufficient to probe important long-lived excitations, which arise from many-body interactions induced by strong perturbation among carriers, lattice phonons, or molecular vibrations. Here, we demonstrate ultrafast infrared nano-imaging based on excitation modulation and sideband detection to characterize electron and vibration dynamics with nano- to micro-second lifetimes. As an exemplary application to quantum materials, in phase-resolved ultrafast nano-imaging of the photoinduced insulator-to-metal transition in vanadium dioxide, a distinct transient nano-domain behavior is quantified. In another application to lead halide perovskites, transient vibrational nano-FTIR spatially resolves the excited-state polaron-cation coupling underlying the photovoltaic response. These examples show how heterodyne pump-probe nano-spectroscopy with low-repetition excitation extends ultrafast infrared nano-imaging to probe elementary processes in quantum and molecular materials in space and time.
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29
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Zhang S, Li B, Chen X, Ruta FL, Shao Y, Sternbach AJ, McLeod AS, Sun Z, Xiong L, Moore SL, Xu X, Wu W, Shabani S, Zhou L, Wang Z, Mooshammer F, Ray E, Wilson N, Schuck PJ, Dean CR, Pasupathy AN, Lipson M, Xu X, Zhu X, Millis AJ, Liu M, Hone JC, Basov DN. Nano-spectroscopy of excitons in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides. Nat Commun 2022; 13:542. [PMID: 35087038 PMCID: PMC8795359 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28117-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Excitons play a dominant role in the optoelectronic properties of atomically thin van der Waals (vdW) semiconductors. These excitons are amenable to on-demand engineering with diverse control knobs, including dielectric screening, interlayer hybridization, and moiré potentials. However, external stimuli frequently yield heterogeneous excitonic responses at the nano- and meso-scales, making their spatial characterization with conventional diffraction-limited optics a formidable task. Here, we use a scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscope (s-SNOM) to acquire exciton spectra in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenide microcrystals with previously unattainable 20 nm resolution. Our nano-optical data revealed material- and stacking-dependent exciton spectra of MoSe2, WSe2, and their heterostructures. Furthermore, we extracted the complex dielectric function of these prototypical vdW semiconductors. s-SNOM hyperspectral images uncovered how the dielectric screening modifies excitons at length scales as short as few nanometers. This work paves the way towards understanding and manipulation of excitons in atomically thin layers at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Baichang Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Xinzhong Chen
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Francesco L Ruta
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Yinming Shao
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Aaron J Sternbach
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - A S McLeod
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Sun
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Lin Xiong
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - S L Moore
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Xinyi Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Wenjing Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Sara Shabani
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Zhiying Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Fabian Mooshammer
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Essance Ray
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Nathan Wilson
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - P J Schuck
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - C R Dean
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - A N Pasupathy
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Michal Lipson
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - A J Millis
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Mengkun Liu
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - James C Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - D N Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
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30
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Xu S, McLeod AS, Chen X, Rizzo DJ, Jessen BS, Yao Z, Wang Z, Sun Z, Shabani S, Pasupathy AN, Millis AJ, Dean CR, Hone JC, Liu M, Basov DN. Deep Learning Analysis of Polaritonic Wave Images. ACS NANO 2021; 15:18182-18191. [PMID: 34714043 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Deep learning (DL) is an emerging analysis tool across the sciences and engineering. Encouraged by the successes of DL in revealing quantitative trends in massive imaging data, we applied this approach to nanoscale deeply subdiffractional images of propagating polaritonic waves in complex materials. Utilizing the convolutional neural network (CNN), we developed a practical protocol for the rapid regression of images that quantifies the wavelength and the quality factor of polaritonic waves. Using simulated near-field images as training data, the CNN can be made to simultaneously extract polaritonic characteristics and material parameters in a time scale that is at least 3 orders of magnitude faster than common fitting/processing procedures. The CNN-based analysis was validated by examining the experimental near-field images of charge-transfer plasmon polaritons at graphene/α-RuCl3 interfaces. Our work provides a general framework for extracting quantitative information from images generated with a variety of scanning probe methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suheng Xu
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Alexander S McLeod
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xinzhong Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Daniel J Rizzo
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Bjarke S Jessen
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Ziheng Yao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Zhicai Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Zhiyuan Sun
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Sara Shabani
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Abhay N Pasupathy
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Andrew J Millis
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Cory R Dean
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - James C Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Mengkun Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - D N Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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31
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Ahn KJ. Indirect momentum excitation of graphene using high transversal modes of light in hyperbolic media. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:40406-40418. [PMID: 34809382 DOI: 10.1364/oe.445267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrons in indirect semiconductors can optically transit between the valance and conduction band edges only when the momentum conservation is satisfied with help of a third quasi-particle, such as a phonon. In this report, we theoretically demonstrate that indirect interband transition of graphene electrons can be optically enabled only by light with highly enhanced transversal modes, which can be generated by scattering of point dipole radiation with periodic metal slits fabricated in a natural hyperbolic material. The light-matter interaction for graphene electrons is reformulated by using indirect transition matrix elements, and interband polarizations of graphene are obtained by solving quantum kinetic equations of motion in the semi-classical regime. The interband optical current density of graphene as a function of the polarization angle of the incident field shows clear hexagonal response to the high transversal modes of light, which results from the low dependence on dephasing rate and dominance of the indirect polarizations over the direct interband contributions.
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32
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Sternbach AJ, Ruta FL, Shi Y, Slusar T, Schalch J, Duan G, McLeod AS, Zhang X, Liu M, Millis AJ, Kim HT, Chen LQ, Averitt RD, Basov DN. Nanotextured Dynamics of a Light-Induced Phase Transition in VO 2. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:9052-9060. [PMID: 34724612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigate transient nanotextured heterogeneity in vanadium dioxide (VO2) thin films during a light-induced insulator-to-metal transition (IMT). Time-resolved scanning near-field optical microscopy (Tr-SNOM) is used to study VO2 across a wide parameter space of infrared frequencies, picosecond time scales, and elevated steady-state temperatures with nanoscale spatial resolution. Room temperature, steady-state, phonon enhanced nano-optical contrast reveals preexisting "hidden" disorder. The observed contrast is associated with inequivalent twin domain structures. Upon thermal or optical initiation of the IMT, coexisting metallic and insulating regions are observed. Correlations between the transient and steady-state nano-optical textures reveal that heterogeneous nucleation is partially anchored to twin domain interfaces and grain boundaries. Ultrafast nanoscopic dynamics enable quantification of the growth rate and bound the nucleation rate. Finally, we deterministically anchor photoinduced nucleation to predefined nanoscopic regions by locally enhancing the electric field of pump radiation using nanoantennas and monitor the on-demand emergent metallicity in space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Sternbach
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Francesco L Ruta
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Yin Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16801,United States
| | - Tetiana Slusar
- Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Jacob Schalch
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Guangwu Duan
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Alexander S McLeod
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Mengkun Liu
- Department of Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11790, United States
| | - Andrew J Millis
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Hyun-Tak Kim
- Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Long-Qing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16801,United States
| | - Richard D Averitt
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - D N Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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33
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Yoo SM. Optical cooperative effects of multiemitters in a one-dimensional (1D) dense array. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:35314-35326. [PMID: 34808968 DOI: 10.1364/oe.440558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically explore cooperative effects of equally spaced multiemitters in a 1D dense array driven by a low-intensity probe field propagating through a 1D waveguide by modeling the emitters as point-like coupled electric dipoles. We calculate the collective optical spectra of a number of 1D emitter arrays with any radiation-retention coefficient η using both exact classical-electrodynamics and mean-field-theory formalisms. We illustrate cooperative effects of lossless 1D emitter arrays with η = 1 at the emitter spacings, which are displayed by steep edges accompanied by a deep minimum and Fano resonances in the plots of transmissivities as a function of the detuning of the incident light from the emitter resonance. Numerical simulation of the full width of such optical bandgaps reveals that cooperativity between emitters is greater in a small array of size N ≤ 8 than in a larger one of size N > 8. For a lossy 1D emitter array in which the radiation retention coefficient is equal to or less than 0.1 the transmissivity obtained by exact-electrodynamics scheme exhibits no bandgap structures, being in good agreement with the mean-field-theory result. We propose that a 1D multiemitter array may work as a nanoscale filter blocking transmission of light with a frequency in the range of optical bandgaps.
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34
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Biswas S, Grajower MY, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Atwater HA. Broadband electro-optic polarization conversion with atomically thin black phosphorus. Science 2021; 374:448-453. [PMID: 34672749 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj7053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Biswas
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Meir Y Grajower
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials, Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Harry A Atwater
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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35
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Ma W, Hu G, Hu D, Chen R, Sun T, Zhang X, Dai Q, Zeng Y, Alù A, Qiu CW, Li P. Ghost hyperbolic surface polaritons in bulk anisotropic crystals. Nature 2021; 596:362-366. [PMID: 34408329 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03755-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polaritons in anisotropic materials result in exotic optical features, which can provide opportunities to control light at the nanoscale1-10. So far these polaritons have been limited to two classes: bulk polaritons, which propagate inside a material, and surface polaritons, which decay exponentially away from an interface. Here we report a near-field observation of ghost phonon polaritons, which propagate with in-plane hyperbolic dispersion on the surface of a polar uniaxial crystal and, at the same time, exhibit oblique wavefronts in the bulk. Ghost polaritons are an atypical non-uniform surface wave solution of Maxwell's equations, arising at the surface of uniaxial materials in which the optic axis is slanted with respect to the interface. They exhibit an unusual bi-state nature, being both propagating (phase-progressing) and evanescent (decaying) within the crystal bulk, in contrast to conventional surface waves that are purely evanescent away from the interface. Our real-space near-field imaging experiments reveal long-distance (over 20 micrometres), ray-like propagation of deeply subwavelength ghost polaritons across the surface, verifying long-range, directional and diffraction-less polariton propagation. At the same time, we show that control of the out-of-plane angle of the optic axis enables hyperbolic-to-elliptic topological transitions at fixed frequency, providing a route to tailor the band diagram topology of surface polariton waves. Our results demonstrate a polaritonic wave phenomenon with unique opportunities to tailor nanoscale light in natural anisotropic crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Ma
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangwei Hu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Debo Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Runkun Chen
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian Sun
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinliang Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Qing Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Ying Zeng
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Andrea Alù
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA. .,Physics Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Peining Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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36
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Kurman Y, Dahan R, Sheinfux HH, Wang K, Yannai M, Adiv Y, Reinhardt O, Tizei LHG, Woo SY, Li J, Edgar JH, Kociak M, Koppens FHL, Kaminer I. Spatiotemporal imaging of 2D polariton wave packet dynamics using free electrons. Science 2021; 372:1181-1186. [PMID: 34112689 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg9015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Coherent optical excitations in two-dimensional (2D) materials, 2D polaritons, can generate a plethora of optical phenomena that arise from the extraordinary dispersion relations that do not exist in regular materials. Probing of the dynamical phenomena of 2D polaritons requires simultaneous spatial and temporal imaging capabilities and could reveal unknown coherent optical phenomena in 2D materials. Here, we present a spatiotemporal measurement of 2D wave packet dynamics, from its formation to its decay, using an ultrafast transmission electron microscope driven by femtosecond midinfrared pulses. The ability to coherently excite phonon-polariton wave packets and probe their evolution in a nondestructive manner reveals intriguing dispersion-dependent dynamics that includes splitting of multibranch wave packets and, unexpectedly, wave packet deceleration and acceleration. Having access to the full spatiotemporal dynamics of 2D wave packets can be used to illuminate puzzles in topological polaritons and discover exotic nonlinear optical phenomena in 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaniv Kurman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Raphael Dahan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Hanan Herzig Sheinfux
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Kangpeng Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Michael Yannai
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Yuval Adiv
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Ori Reinhardt
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Luiz H G Tizei
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Steffi Y Woo
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Jiahan Li
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - James H Edgar
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Mathieu Kociak
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Frank H L Koppens
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain. .,ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avanats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ido Kaminer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel.
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37
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Deng S, Chen H. Ultrafast generation of optical hyperbolicity. Science 2021; 371:572-573. [PMID: 33542125 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf7933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhi Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Huanjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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