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Haque M, Binte Dayem S, Tabassum Tasnim N, Islam MR, Shakil MS. Biological impact of Chernobyl radiation: a review of recent progress. Int J Radiat Biol 2024:1-11. [PMID: 39186765 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2024.2391813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
The incident of Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (CNPP) explosion has pioneered a plethora of studies unfolding various biological effects of radiation stress on several living systems. Determining radiation dose rates at which both acute and chronic biological effects occur in different biological systems will aid in the ex-situ generation of radiation-tolerant organisms. So far, the accumulation of data on different radiation doses from Chernobyl area demonstrating various biological impacts has not been documented altogether vastly. Therefore, this review aims to document the recorded doses in CNPP over the years at which different biological changes have been observed in plants, soil, aquatic organisms, birds, and animals. A total of 72 peer-reviewed papers obtained from PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Research4life were included in this review. A few factors have come under attention in this review. Firstly, plant and soil systems combinedly showed the most published studies after the catastrophe where plants showed a higher frequency of DNA methylation in their genome to resist radiation stress. Secondly, reduced species abundance, chromosomal aberrations, increased sterility, and mortality were mostly observed in the aftermath of Chernobyl catastrophe among plants, soil, aquatic organisms, birds, and small mammals. Furthermore, major scares of data after 2018 were prominently observed. Very few studies on radiation dose levels after 2018 are available. Hence, a major research area has emerged for radiation biologists to study present radiation levels and any genetic changes in the recent generation of the original victim species. This will help provide a standard dataset that can act as a reference resource for radiation biologists and future research on the impact of both acute and chronic radiation on the different biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munima Haque
- Biotechnology Program, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shabnoor Binte Dayem
- Biotechnology Program, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nazifa Tabassum Tasnim
- Microbiology Program, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rashadul Islam
- Physics Program, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Salman Shakil
- Microbiology Program, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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2
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Strobel I, Schumann S, Müller J, Buck AK, Port M, Lassmann M, Eberlein U, Scherthan H. DNA Damage and Repair in PBMCs after Internal Ex Vivo Irradiation with [ 223Ra]RaCl 2 and [ 177Lu]LuCl 3 Mixtures. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8629. [PMID: 39201316 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The combination of high and low LET radionuclides has been tested in several patient studies to improve treatment response. Radionuclide mixtures can also be released in nuclear power plant accidents or nuclear bomb deployment. This study investigated the DNA damage response and DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after internal exposure of blood samples of 10 healthy volunteers to either no radiation (baseline) or different radionuclide mixtures of the α- and β-emitters [223Ra]RaCl2 and [177Lu]LuCl3, i.e., 25 mGy/75 mGy, 50 mGy/50 mGy and 75 mGy/25 mGy, respectively. DSB foci and γ-H2AX α-track enumeration directly after 1 h of exposure or after 4 h or 24 h of repair revealed that radiation-induced foci (RIF) and α-track induction in 100 cells was similar for mixed α/β and pure internal α- or β-irradiation, as were the repair rates for all radiation qualities. In contrast, the fraction of unrepaired RIF (Qβ) in PBMCs after mixed α/β-irradiation (50% 223Ra & 50% 177Lu: Qβ = 0.23 ± 0.10) was significantly elevated relative to pure β-irradiation (50 mGy: Qβ, pure = 0.06 ± 0.02), with a similar trend being noted for all mixtures. This α-dose-dependent increase in persistent foci likely relates to the formation of complex DNA damage that remains difficult to repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Strobel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Schumann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Müller
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to the University of Ulm, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas K Buck
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to the University of Ulm, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Lassmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Uta Eberlein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Harry Scherthan
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to the University of Ulm, 80937 Munich, Germany
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3
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Little MP, Bazyka D, de Gonzalez AB, Brenner AV, Chumak VV, Cullings HM, Daniels RD, French B, Grant E, Hamada N, Hauptmann M, Kendall GM, Laurier D, Lee C, Lee WJ, Linet MS, Mabuchi K, Morton LM, Muirhead CR, Preston DL, Rajaraman P, Richardson DB, Sakata R, Samet JM, Simon SL, Sugiyama H, Wakeford R, Zablotska LB. A Historical Survey of Key Epidemiological Studies of Ionizing Radiation Exposure. Radiat Res 2024; 202:432-487. [PMID: 39021204 PMCID: PMC11316622 DOI: 10.1667/rade-24-00021.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
In this article we review the history of key epidemiological studies of populations exposed to ionizing radiation. We highlight historical and recent findings regarding radiation-associated risks for incidence and mortality of cancer and non-cancer outcomes with emphasis on study design and methods of exposure assessment and dose estimation along with brief consideration of sources of bias for a few of the more important studies. We examine the findings from the epidemiological studies of the Japanese atomic bomb survivors, persons exposed to radiation for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes, those exposed to environmental sources including Chornobyl and other reactor accidents, and occupationally exposed cohorts. We also summarize results of pooled studies. These summaries are necessarily brief, but we provide references to more detailed information. We discuss possible future directions of study, to include assessment of susceptible populations, and possible new populations, data sources, study designs and methods of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P. Little
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-9778, USA
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Dimitry Bazyka
- National Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, 53 Melnikov Street, Kyiv 04050, Ukraine
| | | | - Alina V. Brenner
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan
| | - Vadim V. Chumak
- National Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, 53 Melnikov Street, Kyiv 04050, Ukraine
| | - Harry M. Cullings
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan
| | - Robert D. Daniels
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Benjamin French
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Eric Grant
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hamada
- Biology and Environmental Chemistry Division, Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), 1646 Abiko, Chiba 270-1194, Japan
| | - Michael Hauptmann
- Institute of Biostatistics and Registry Research, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Gerald M. Kendall
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Dominique Laurier
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Fontenay aux Roses France
| | - Choonsik Lee
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-9778, USA
| | - Won Jin Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Martha S. Linet
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-9778, USA
| | - Kiyohiko Mabuchi
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-9778, USA
| | - Lindsay M. Morton
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-9778, USA
| | | | | | - Preetha Rajaraman
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan
| | - David B. Richardson
- Environmental and Occupational Health, 653 East Peltason, University California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-3957 USA
| | - Ritsu Sakata
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan
| | - Jonathan M. Samet
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Steven L. Simon
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-9778, USA
| | - Hiromi Sugiyama
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan
| | - Richard Wakeford
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Manchester, Ellen Wilkinson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Lydia B. Zablotska
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16 Street, 2 floor, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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4
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Georgakopoulos I, Kouloulias V, Ntoumas GN, Desse D, Koukourakis I, Kougioumtzopoulou A, Kanakis G, Zygogianni A. Radiotherapy and Testicular Function: A Comprehensive Review of the Radiation-Induced Effects with an Emphasis on Spermatogenesis. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1492. [PMID: 39062064 PMCID: PMC11274587 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review explores the existing literature on the effects of radiotherapy on testicular function, focusing mainly on spermatogenic effects, but also with a brief report on endocrine abnormalities. Data from animal experiments as well as results on humans either from clinical studies or from accidental radiation exposure are included to demonstrate a complete perspective on the level of vulnerability of the testes and their various cellular components to irradiation. Even relatively low doses of radiation, produced either from direct testicular irradiation or more commonly from scattered doses, may often lead to detrimental effects on sperm count and quality. Leydig cells are more radioresistant; however, they can still be influenced by the doses used in clinical practice. The potential resultant fertility complications of cancer radiotherapy should be always discussed with the patient before treatment initiation, and all available and appropriate fertility preservation measures should be taken to ensure the future reproductive potential of the patient. The topic of potential hereditary effects of germ cell irradiation remains a controversial field with ethical implications, requiring future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Georgakopoulos
- Radiation Oncology Unit, 1st Department of Radiology, Medical School, Aretaieion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vas. Sofias 76, 115 28 Athens, Greece; (G.-N.N.); (I.K.); (A.Z.)
| | - Vassilios Kouloulias
- Radiotherapy Unit, 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Rimini 1, 124 62 Athens, Greece; (V.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Georgios-Nikiforos Ntoumas
- Radiation Oncology Unit, 1st Department of Radiology, Medical School, Aretaieion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vas. Sofias 76, 115 28 Athens, Greece; (G.-N.N.); (I.K.); (A.Z.)
| | - Dimitra Desse
- Radiation Oncology Unit, 1st Department of Radiology, Medical School, Aretaieion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vas. Sofias 76, 115 28 Athens, Greece; (G.-N.N.); (I.K.); (A.Z.)
| | - Ioannis Koukourakis
- Radiation Oncology Unit, 1st Department of Radiology, Medical School, Aretaieion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vas. Sofias 76, 115 28 Athens, Greece; (G.-N.N.); (I.K.); (A.Z.)
| | - Andromachi Kougioumtzopoulou
- Radiotherapy Unit, 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Rimini 1, 124 62 Athens, Greece; (V.K.); (A.K.)
| | - George Kanakis
- Department of Endocrinology, Athens Naval & VA Hospital, 115 21 Athens, Greece;
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anna Zygogianni
- Radiation Oncology Unit, 1st Department of Radiology, Medical School, Aretaieion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vas. Sofias 76, 115 28 Athens, Greece; (G.-N.N.); (I.K.); (A.Z.)
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5
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Johnson MTJ, Arif I, Marchetti F, Munshi-South J, Ness RW, Szulkin M, Verrelli BC, Yauk CL, Anstett DN, Booth W, Caizergues AE, Carlen EJ, Dant A, González J, Lagos CG, Oman M, Phifer-Rixey M, Rennison DJ, Rosenberg MS, Winchell KM. Effects of urban-induced mutations on ecology, evolution and health. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:1074-1086. [PMID: 38641700 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02401-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that urbanization is associated with higher mutation rates, which can affect the health and evolution of organisms that inhabit cities. Elevated pollution levels in urban areas can induce DNA damage, leading to de novo mutations. Studies on mutations induced by urban pollution are most prevalent in humans and microorganisms, whereas studies of non-human eukaryotes are rare, even though increased mutation rates have the potential to affect organisms and their populations in contemporary time. Our Perspective explores how higher mutation rates in urban environments could impact the fitness, ecology and evolution of populations. Most mutations will be neutral or deleterious, and higher mutation rates associated with elevated pollution in urban populations can increase the risk of cancer in humans and potentially other species. We highlight the potential for urban-driven increased deleterious mutational loads in some organisms, which could lead to a decline in population growth of a wide diversity of organisms. Although beneficial mutations are expected to be rare, we argue that higher mutation rates in urban areas could influence adaptive evolution, especially in organisms with short generation times. Finally, we explore avenues for future research to better understand the effects of urban-induced mutations on the fitness, ecology and evolution of city-dwelling organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc T J Johnson
- Centre for Urban Environments, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Irtaqa Arif
- Centre for Urban Environments, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Francesco Marchetti
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason Munshi-South
- Department of Biology and Louis Calder Center, Fordham University, Armonk, NY, USA
| | - Rob W Ness
- Centre for Urban Environments, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marta Szulkin
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Brian C Verrelli
- Center for Biological Data Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Carole L Yauk
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel N Anstett
- Department of Plant Biology, Department of Entomology, Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Warren Booth
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Aude E Caizergues
- Centre for Urban Environments, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth J Carlen
- Living Earth Collaborative, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anthony Dant
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Josefa González
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC, UPF, Barcelona, Spain
| | - César González Lagos
- Departamento de Ciencias, Facultad de Artes Liberales, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago, Chile
| | - Madeleine Oman
- Centre for Urban Environments, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Diana J Rennison
- School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Rosenberg
- Center for Biological Data Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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6
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Guo C, Wang Q, Shuai P, Wang T, Wu W, Li Y, Huang S, Yu J, Yi L. Radiation and male reproductive system: Damage and protection. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 357:142030. [PMID: 38626814 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Male fertility has been declining in recent decades, and a growing body of research points to environmental and lifestyle factors as the cause. The widespread use of radiation technology may result in more people affected by male infertility, as it is well established that radiation can cause reproductive impairment in men. This article provides a review of radiation-induced damage to male reproduction, and the effects of damage mechanisms and pharmacotherapy. It is hoped that this review will contribute to the understanding of the effects of radiation on male reproduction, and provide information for research into drugs that can protect the reproductive health of males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caimao Guo
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Qingyu Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Peimeng Shuai
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Wenyu Wu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Shuqi Huang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Lan Yi
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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7
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Car C, Quevarec L, Gilles A, Réale D, Bonzom JM. Evolutionary approach for pollution study: The case of ionizing radiation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 349:123692. [PMID: 38462194 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Estimating the consequences of environmental changes, specifically in a global change context, is essential for conservation issues. In the case of pollutants, the interest in using an evolutionary approach to investigate their consequences has been emphasized since the 2000s, but these studies remain rare compared to the characterization of direct effects on individual features. We focused on the study case of anthropogenic ionizing radiation because, despite its potential strong impact on evolution, the scarcity of evolutionary approaches to study the biological consequences of this stressor is particularly true. In this study, by investigating some particular features of the biological effects of this stressor, and by reviewing existing studies on evolution under ionizing radiation, we suggest that evolutionary approach may help provide an integrative view on the biological consequences of ionizing radiation. We focused on three topics: (i) the mutagenic properties of ionizing radiation and its disruption of evolutionary processes, (ii) exposures at different time scales, leading to an interaction between past and contemporary evolution, and (iii) the special features of contaminated areas called exclusion zones and how evolution could match field and laboratory observed effects. This approach can contribute to answering several key issues in radioecology: to explain species differences in the sensitivity to ionizing radiation, to improve our estimation of the impacts of ionizing radiation on populations, and to help identify the environmental features impacting organisms (e.g., interaction with other pollution, migration of populations, anthropogenic environmental changes). Evolutionary approach would benefit from being integrated to the ecological risk assessment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Car
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur Les Effets des Radionucléides sur L'écosystème (LECO), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Saint-Paul Lèz Durance, France
| | - Loïc Quevarec
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur Les Effets des Radionucléides sur L'écosystème (LECO), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Saint-Paul Lèz Durance, France.
| | - André Gilles
- UMR Risques, ECOsystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix-Marseille Université (AMU), Marseille, France
| | - Denis Réale
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université Du Québec à Montréal, (UQAM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Jean-Marc Bonzom
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur Les Effets des Radionucléides sur L'écosystème (LECO), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Saint-Paul Lèz Durance, France
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8
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Tintori SC, Çağlar D, Ortiz P, Chyzhevskyi I, Mousseau TA, Rockman MV. Environmental radiation exposure at Chornobyl has not systematically affected the genomes or chemical mutagen tolerance phenotypes of local worms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314793121. [PMID: 38442158 PMCID: PMC10945782 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314793121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The 1986 disaster at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant transformed the surrounding region into the most radioactive landscape known on the planet. Whether or not this sudden environmental shift selected for species, or even individuals within a species, that are naturally more resistant to mutagen exposure remains an open question. In this study, we collected, cultured, and cryopreserved 298 wild nematode isolates from areas varying in radioactivity within the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone. We sequenced and assembled genomes de novo for 20 Oscheius tipulae strains, analyzed their genomes for evidence of recent mutation acquisition in the field, and observed no evidence of an association between mutation and radioactivity at the sites of collection. Multigenerational exposure of each of these strains to several chemical mutagens in the lab revealed that strains vary heritably in tolerance to each mutagen, but mutagen tolerance cannot be predicted based on the radiation levels at collection sites, and Chornobyl isolates were not systematically more resistant than strains from undisturbed habitats. In sum, the absence of mutational signatures does not reflect unique capacity for tolerating DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia C. Tintori
- Department of Biology and Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY10003
| | - Derin Çağlar
- Department of Biology and Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY10003
| | - Patrick Ortiz
- Department of Biology and Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY10003
| | - Ihor Chyzhevskyi
- Department of Coordination of International Projects of the State Specialized Enterprise “Ecocentre”, Kyiv01133, Ukraine
| | - Timothy A. Mousseau
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC29208
| | - Matthew V. Rockman
- Department of Biology and Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY10003
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9
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Youk J, Kwon HW, Lim J, Kim E, Kim T, Kim R, Park S, Yi K, Nam CH, Jeon S, An Y, Choi J, Na H, Lee ES, Cho Y, Min DW, Kim H, Kang YR, Choi SH, Bae MJ, Lee CG, Kim JG, Kim YS, Yu T, Lee WC, Shin JY, Lee DS, Kim TY, Ku T, Kim SY, Lee JH, Koo BK, Lee H, Yi OV, Han EC, Chang JH, Kim KS, Son TG, Ju YS. Quantitative and qualitative mutational impact of ionizing radiation on normal cells. CELL GENOMICS 2024; 4:100499. [PMID: 38359788 PMCID: PMC10879144 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2024.100499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The comprehensive genomic impact of ionizing radiation (IR), a carcinogen, on healthy somatic cells remains unclear. Using large-scale whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of clones expanded from irradiated murine and human single cells, we revealed that IR induces a characteristic spectrum of short insertions or deletions (indels) and structural variations (SVs), including balanced inversions, translocations, composite SVs (deletion-insertion, deletion-inversion, and deletion-translocation composites), and complex genomic rearrangements (CGRs), including chromoplexy, chromothripsis, and SV by breakage-fusion-bridge cycles. Our findings suggest that 1 Gy IR exposure causes an average of 2.33 mutational events per Gb genome, comprising 2.15 indels, 0.17 SVs, and 0.01 CGRs, despite a high level of inter-cellular stochasticity. The mutational burden was dependent on total irradiation dose, regardless of dose rate or cell type. The findings were further validated in IR-induced secondary cancers and single cells without clonalization. Overall, our study highlights a comprehensive and clear picture of IR effects on normal mammalian genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghwan Youk
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Kwon
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonoh Lim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Genome Insight, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Eunji Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, 20, Boramae-ro 5 Gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 07061, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Taewoo Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryul Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Genome Insight, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Seongyeol Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Genome Insight, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Kijong Yi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Genome Insight, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Chang Hyun Nam
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sara Jeon
- Department of Biological Sciences & IMBG, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yohan An
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwook Choi
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK; Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EL Cambridge, UK
| | - Hyelin Na
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eon-Seok Lee
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwon Cho
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Min
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - HyoJin Kim
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Rok Kang
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Ho Choi
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Bae
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Geun Lee
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Goon Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; KI for Health Science and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Seo Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; KI for Health Science and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tosol Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Dong Soo Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-You Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyun Ku
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; KI for Health Science and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeon Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hyeon Lee
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK; Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EL Cambridge, UK
| | - Bon-Kyoung Koo
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hyunsook Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences & IMBG, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - On Vox Yi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eon Chul Han
- Department of Surgery, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung Su Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Gen Son
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Seok Ju
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Genome Insight, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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10
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Amrenova A, Baudin C, Ostroumova E, Stephens J, Anderson R, Laurier D. Intergenerational effects of ionizing radiation: review of recent studies from human data (2018-2021). Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:1253-1263. [PMID: 38319708 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2024.2309917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this paper was to conduct a review of the studies published between 2018 and 2022 to investigate radiation-related effects in the offspring of human individuals exposed to ionizing radiation. METHODS The search identified 807 publications, from which 9 studies were selected for detailed analysis to examine for effects in children whose parents were exposed to various types and doses of radiation. RESULTS The review does not yield substantial evidence supporting intergenerational effects of radiation exposure in humans. However, caution is required when interpreting the results due to limitations in the majority of the published articles. CONCLUSION This review, covering the period 2018-2022, serves as an extension of the previous systematic review conducted by Stephens et al. (2024), which encompassed the years 1988-2018. Together, these two papers offer a comprehensive overview of the available evidence regarding the intergenerational effects of parental pre-conceptional exposure to ionizing radiation. Overall, the findings do not provide strong evidence supporting a significant association between adverse (or other) outcomes in unexposed children and parental preconception radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amrenova
- Health and Environment Division, Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - C Baudin
- Health and Environment Division, Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - E Ostroumova
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - J Stephens
- Centre for Health Effects of Radiological and Chemical Agents, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - R Anderson
- Centre for Health Effects of Radiological and Chemical Agents, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - D Laurier
- Health and Environment Division, Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay aux Roses, France
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11
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Amrenova A, Ainsbury E, Baudin C, Giussani A, Lochard J, Rühm W, Scholz-Kreisel P, Trott K, Vaillant L, Wakeford R, Zölzer F, Laurier D. Consideration of hereditary effects in the radiological protection system: evolution and current status. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:1240-1252. [PMID: 38190433 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2295289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the methodology used to estimate radiation genetic risks and quantify the risk of hereditary effects as outlined in the ICRP Publication 103. It aims to highlight the historical background and development of the doubling dose method for estimating radiation-related genetic risks and its continued use in radiological protection frameworks. RESULTS This article emphasizes the complexity associated with quantifying the risk of hereditary effects caused by radiation exposure and highlights the need for further clarification and explanation of the calculation method. As scientific knowledge in radiation sciences and human genetics continues to advance in relation to a number of factors including stability of disease frequency, selection pressures, and epigenetic changes, the characterization and quantification of genetic effects still remains a major issue for the radiological protection system of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. CONCLUSION Further research and advancements in this field are crucial for enhancing our understanding and addressing the complexities involved in assessing and managing the risks associated with hereditary effects of radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amrenova
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - C Baudin
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - A Giussani
- BfS - Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - J Lochard
- Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - W Rühm
- BfS - Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - P Scholz-Kreisel
- BfS - Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - K Trott
- Deptartment Radiation Oncology, Technical University München, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - R Wakeford
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - F Zölzer
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - D Laurier
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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12
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Grison S, Braga-Tanaka II, Baatout S, Klokov D. In utero exposure to ionizing radiation and metabolic regulation: perspectives for future multi- and trans-generation effects studies. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:1283-1296. [PMID: 38180060 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2295293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The radiation protection community has been particularly attentive to the risks of delayed effects on offspring from low dose or low dose-rate exposures to ionizing radiation. Despite this, the current epidemiologic studies and scientific data are still insufficient to provide the necessary evidence for improving risk assessment guidelines. This literature review aims to inform future studies on multigenerational and transgenerational effects. It primarily focuses on animal studies involving in utero exposure and discusses crucial elements for interpreting the results. These elements include in utero exposure scenarios relative to the developmental stages of the embryo/fetus, and the primary biological mechanisms responsible for transmitting heritable or hereditary effects to future generations. The review addresses several issues within the contexts of both multigenerational and transgenerational effects, with a focus on hereditary perspectives. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge consolidation in the field of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) has led us to propose a new study strategy. This strategy aims to address the transgenerational effects of in utero exposure to low dose and low dose-rate radiation. Within this concept, there is a possibility that disruption of epigenetic programming in embryonic and fetal cells may occur. This disruption could lead to metabolic dysfunction, which in turn may cause abnormal responses to future environmental challenges, consequently increasing disease risk. Lastly, we discuss methodological limitations in our studies. These limitations are related to cohort size, follow-up time, model radiosensitivity, and analytical techniques. We propose scientific and analytical strategies for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Grison
- PSE-SANTE, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Ignacia Iii Braga-Tanaka
- Department of Radiobiology, Institute for Environmental Sciences (IES), Rokkasho Kamikita, Aomori, Japan
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Institute of Nuclear Medical Applications, Mol, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology (BW25) and Department of Human Structure and Repair (GE38), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dmitry Klokov
- PSE-SANTE, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Department of Microbiology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Li J, Liu J, Zhang Y, Qiu H, Zheng J, Xue J, Jin J, Ni F, Zhang C, Chen C, Sun X, Wang H, Zhang D. Effects of paternal ionizing radiation exposure on fertility and offspring's health. Reprod Med Biol 2024; 23:e12567. [PMID: 38528990 PMCID: PMC10961711 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The intergenerational effects of ionizing radiation remain controversial. Extensive insights have been revealed for DNA mutations and cancer incidence in progeny, yet many of these results were obtained by immediate post-radiation mating. However, conception at short times after radiation exposure is likely to be avoided. After a long period of fertility recovery, whether unexposed sperm derived from exposed spermatogonia would challenge the health of the offspring is not yet clearly demonstrated. Methods Ten-week-old C57BL/6J males underwent whole-body acute γ irradiation at 0 and 6.4 Gy. Testes and sperm were collected at different times after radiation to examine reproductive changes. The reproductive, metabolic, and neurodevelopmental parameters were measured in the offspring of controls and the offspring derived from irradiated undifferentiated spermatogonia. Results Paternal fertility was lost after acute 6.4 Gy γ radiation and recovered at 10-11 weeks post irradiation in mice. The reproductive, metabolic, and neurodevelopmental health of offspring born to irradiated undifferentiated spermatogonia were comparable to those of controls. Conclusion The male mice could have healthy offspring after recovery from the damage caused by ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqun Li
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiangChina
| | - Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiangChina
| | - Yanye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiangChina
| | - Hong Qiu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell BiologyLife Sciences Institute, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Junyan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiangChina
| | - Jinglei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiangChina
| | - Jiani Jin
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiangChina
| | - Feida Ni
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiangChina
| | - Chunxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiangChina
| | - Chuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiangChina
| | - Xiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiangChina
| | - Huiquan Wang
- The School of Aeronautics and AstronauticsZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiangChina
- Clinical Research Center on Birth Defect Prevention and Intervention of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouChina
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14
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Tsubokura M, Kamiya K. 2022 Fukushima Medical University International Symposium on the Fukushima Health Management Survey Build Back Better, Together. "Science for Society: Advancing Fukushima's Well-Being". Fukushima J Med Sci 2024; 70:103-106. [PMID: 38684412 PMCID: PMC11140201 DOI: 10.5387/fms.24-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The Fukushima Medical University (FMU) International Symposium on the Fukushima Health Management Survey (FHMS) convened for the fourth time in March 2022 to share FHMS findings within Fukushima and beyond. Dr. TAKENOSHITA Seiichi, FMU President, underscored Fukushima's restoration journey, while Governor UCHIBORI Masao committed to partnering with FMU for residents' welfare.The Introduction by Dr. KAMIYA Kenji highlighted FHMS results for more than 460,000 participants, of whom 99.8% were exposed to radiation doses below 5 mSv post-accident. Thyroid examinations detected tumors, but no dose-response relationship was found. The Comprehensive Health Check showed increased lifestyle-related diseases among evacuees, with improvements in some health markers. Mental health issues initially prevalent after the accident decreased over time, and perinatal outcomes were consistent with national data.Session 1 focused on radiation effects in Fukushima. The UNSCEAR 2020 Report indicated significantly reduced radiation exposure estimates and negligible cancer risks. Studies from Hiroshima, Nagasaki, and Chernobyl found no radiation-induced genetic effects.Session 2 explored post-disaster well-being, emphasizing the evolution of psychological responses. Practices like Psychological First Aid (PFA) and emotional resilience promotion were highlighted. Katsurao Village's post-evacuation health measures addressed lifestyle diseases, but faced challenges. The WHO framework for mental health and psychosocial support in nuclear emergencies emphasized the importance of mental health care throughout all disaster phases.The symposium facilitated valuable insights, underlining comprehensive health strategies and the significance of long-term studies for Fukushima's recovery and health management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Tsubokura
- Department of Radiation Health Management, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Kenji Kamiya
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University
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15
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Taliaferro LP, Agarwal RK, Coleman CN, DiCarlo AL, Hofmeyer KA, Loelius SG, Molinar-Inglis O, Tedesco DC, Satyamitra MM. Sex differences in radiation research. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 100:466-485. [PMID: 37991728 PMCID: PMC10922591 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2283089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Sex Differences in Radiation Research workshop addressed the role of sex as a confounder in radiation research and its implication in real-world radiological and nuclear applications. METHODS In April 2022, HHS-wide partners from the Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program, the Office of Research on Women's Health National Institutes of Health Office of Women's Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and the Radiological and Nuclear Countermeasures Branch at the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority conducted a workshop to address the scientific implication and knowledge gaps in understanding sex in basic and translational research. The goals of this workshop were to examine sex differences in 1. Radiation animal models and understand how these may affect radiation medical countermeasure development; 2. Biodosimetry and/or biomarkers used to assess acute radiation syndrome, delayed effects of acute radiation exposure, and/or predict major organ morbidities; 3. medical research that lacks representation from both sexes. In addition, regulatory policies that influence inclusion of women in research, and the gaps that exist in drug development and device clearance were discussed. Finally, real-world sex differences in human health scenarios were also considered. RESULTS This report provides an overview of the two-day workshop, and open discussion among academic investigators, industry researchers, and U.S. government representatives. CONCLUSIONS This meeting highlighted that current study designs lack the power to determine statistical significance based on sex, and much is unknown about the underlying factors that contribute to these differences. Investigators should accommodate both sexes in all stages of research to ensure that the outcome is robust, reproducible, and accurate, and will benefit public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanyn P. Taliaferro
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Rajeev K. Agarwal
- Office of Research on Women’s Health (ORWH), Office of the Director, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - C. Norman Coleman
- Radiation Research Program Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI) and Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response (ASPR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Washington, DC, USA
| | - Andrea L. DiCarlo
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Kimberly A. Hofmeyer
- Radiological and Nuclear Countermeasures Branch, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), ASPR, HHS, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Shannon G. Loelius
- Radiological and Nuclear Countermeasures Branch, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), ASPR, HHS, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Olivia Molinar-Inglis
- Previously RNCP, DAIT, NIAID, NIH; now Antivirals and Antitoxins Program, Division of CBRN Countermeasures, BARDA, ASPR, HHS, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Dana C. Tedesco
- Radiological and Nuclear Countermeasures Branch, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), ASPR, HHS, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Merriline M. Satyamitra
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Rockville, MD, USA
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16
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Abstract
Background: Very little was known about the molecular pathogenesis of thyroid cancer until the late 1980s. As part of the Centennial celebration of the American Thyroid Association, we review the historical discoveries that contributed to our current understanding of the genetic underpinnings of thyroid cancer. Summary: The pace of discovery was heavily dependent on scientific breakthroughs in nucleic acid sequencing technology, cancer biology, thyroid development, thyroid cell signaling, and growth regulation. Accordingly, we attempt to link the primary observations on thyroid cancer molecular genetics with the methodological and scientific advances that made them possible. Conclusions: The major genetic drivers of the common forms of thyroid cancer are now quite well established and contribute to a significant extent to how we diagnose and treat the disease. However, many challenges remain. Future work will need to unravel the complexity of thyroid cancer ecosystems, which is likely to be a major determinant of their biological behavior and on how they respond to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Fagin
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yuri E. Nikiforov
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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17
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Tintori SC, Çağlar D, Ortiz P, Chyzhevskyi I, Mousseau TA, Rockman MV. Environmental radiation exposure at Chornobyl has not systematically affected the genomes or mutagen tolerance phenotypes of local worms. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.28.542665. [PMID: 37398032 PMCID: PMC10312484 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.28.542665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The 1986 disaster at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant transformed the surrounding region into the most radioactive landscape known on the planet. Questions remain regarding whether this sudden environmental shift selected for species, or even individuals within a species, that are naturally more resistant to radiation exposure. We collected, cultured, and cryopreserved 298 wild nematodes isolates from areas varying in radioactivity within the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone. We sequenced and assembled genomes de novo for 20 Oschieus tipulae strains, analyzed their genomes for evidence of recent mutation acquisition in the field and saw no evidence of an association between mutation and radiation level at the sites of collection. Multigenerational exposure of each of these strains to several mutagens in the lab revealed that strains vary heritably in tolerance to each mutagen, but mutagen tolerance cannot be predicted based on the radiation levels at collection sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia C Tintori
- Department of Biology and Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, New York University, NY, NY 10003
| | - Derin Çağlar
- Department of Biology and Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, New York University, NY, NY 10003
| | - Patrick Ortiz
- Department of Biology and Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, New York University, NY, NY 10003
| | - Ihor Chyzhevskyi
- Department of Coordination of International Projects of the State Specialized Enterprise "Ecocentre", Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Timothy A Mousseau
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Matthew V Rockman
- Department of Biology and Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, New York University, NY, NY 10003
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18
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Brooks AL, Conca J, Glines WM, Waltar AE. How the Science of Radiation Biology Can Help Reduce the Crippling Fear of Low-level Radiation. HEALTH PHYSICS 2023; 124:407-424. [PMID: 36989223 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The fear of radiation has been present almost since the discovery of radiation, but has intensified since the "dawn of the atomic age" over 75 y ago. This fear has often served as an impediment to the safe and beneficial uses of radiation and radioactive material. The underlying causes of such fear are varied, can be complex, and are often not associated with any scientific knowledge or understanding. The authors believe that a clear understanding of the current scientific knowledge and understanding of the effects of radiation exposure may be useful in helping to allay some of the fear of radiation. This manuscript attempts to (1) address several scientific questions that we believe have contributed to the fear of radiation, (2) review the data derived from research that can be used to address these questions, and (3) summarize how the results of such scientific research can be used to help address the fear of low-dose and low-dose-rate radiation. Several examples of how fear of radiation has affected public perception of radiological events are discussed, as well as a brief history of the etiology of radiation fear. Actions needed to reduce the public fear of radiation and help fulfill the full societal benefits of radiation and radioactive materials are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antone L Brooks
- Research Professor Emeritus, Washington State University, Chief Scientist, DOE Low Dose Program, 6802 W. 13th Avenue, Kennewick, WA 99338
| | - James Conca
- President UFA Ventures, Inc., Richland, WA, Science writer for Forbes
| | - Wayne M Glines
- Senior Technical Advisor (retired), Department of Energy, 2315 Camas Avenue, Richland, WA 99354
| | - Alan E Waltar
- Professor and Head (retired), Department of Nuclear Engineering, Texas A&M University, Past President, American Nuclear Society, 12449 Ingalls Creek Road, Peshastin, WA 98847
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19
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Nakamura N, Yoshida N, Suwa T. Three major reasons why transgenerational effects of radiation are difficult to detect in humans. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 100:1297-1311. [PMID: 36880868 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2187478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ionizing radiation can induce mutations in germ cells in various organisms, including fruit flies and mice. However, currently, there is no clear evidence for the transgenerational effects of radiation in humans. This review is an effort to identify possible reasons for the lack of such observations. METHODS Literature search and narrative review. RESULTS 1) In both mice and humans, resting oocytes locate primarily in the cortical region of the ovary where the number of blood vessels is very low especially when young and extra-cellular material is rich, and this region is consequently hypoxic, which probably leads to immature oocytes being resistant to the cell killing and mutagenic effects of radiation. 2) In studies of spermatogonia, the mouse genes used for specific locus test (SLT) studies, which include coat color genes, were hypermutable when compared to many other genes. Recent studies which examined over 1000 segments of genomic DNA indicate that the induction rate of deletion mutation per segment was on the order of 10-6 per Gy, which is one order of magnitude lower than that obtained from the SLT data. Therefore, it appears possible that detecting any transgenerational effects of radiation following human male exposures will be difficult due to a lack of mutable marker genes. 3) Fetal malformations were examined in studies in humans, but the genetic component in such malformations is low, and abnormal fetuses are prone to undergo miscarriage which does not occur in mice, and which leads to difficulties in detecting transgenerational effects. CONCLUSION The lack of clear evidence for radiation effects in humans probably does not result from any problem in the methodologies used but may be due largely to biological properties. Currently, whole genome sequencing studies of exposed parents and offspring are planned, but ethical guidelines need to be followed to avoid discrimination, which had once happened to the atomic bomb survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nori Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Noriaki Yoshida
- Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Suwa
- Department of Genome Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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20
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Moon SG, Jeong A, Han Y, Nam JW, Kim MK, Kim I, Kim YM, Park B. Cohort Study Protocol: A Cohort of Korean Atomic Bomb Survivors and Their Offspring. J Prev Med Public Health 2023; 56:1-11. [PMID: 36746417 PMCID: PMC9925279 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.22.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1945, atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Approximately 70 000 Koreans are estimated to have been exposed to radiation from atomic bombs at that time. After Korea's Liberation Day, approximately 23 000 of these people returned to Korea. To investigate the long-term health and hereditary effects of atomic bomb exposure on the offspring, cohort studies have been conducted on atomic bomb survivors in Japan. This study is an ongoing cohort study to determine the health status of Korean atomic bomb survivors and investigate whether any health effects were inherited by their offspring. Atomic bomb survivors are defined by the Special Act On the Support for Korean Atomic Bomb Victims, and their offspring are identified by participating atomic bomb survivors. As of 2024, we plan to recruit 1500 atomic bomb survivors and their offspring, including 200 trios with more than 300 people. Questionnaires regarding socio-demographic factors, health behaviors, past medical history, laboratory tests, and pedigree information comprise the data collected to minimize survival bias. For the 200 trios, whole-genome analysis is planned to identify de novo mutations in atomic bomb survivors and to compare the prevalence of de novo mutations with trios in the general population. Active follow-up based on telephone surveys and passive follow-up with linkage to the Korean Red Cross, National Health Insurance Service, death registry, and Korea Central Cancer Registry data are ongoing. By combining pedigree information with the findings of trio-based whole-genome analysis, the results will elucidate the hereditary health effects of atomic bomb exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-geun Moon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ansun Jeong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yunji Han
- Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Wu Nam
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inah Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Boyoung Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Corresponding author: Boyoung Park, Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea E-mail:
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21
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Cutler R, Vijg J. A mechanism for inheriting radiation-induced DNA damage. Nature 2023; 613:249-250. [PMID: 36544004 PMCID: PMC10262177 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-022-04449-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-damaged paternal DNA has been found to cause embryos of the second generation of nematode worms, but not the first, to die. The proposed mechanisms help to explain the observed lack of such an effect in humans.
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22
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Wang S, Meyer DH, Schumacher B. Inheritance of paternal DNA damage by histone-mediated repair restriction. Nature 2023; 613:365-374. [PMID: 36544019 PMCID: PMC9834056 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05544-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
How paternal exposure to ionizing radiation affects genetic inheritance and disease risk in the offspring has been a long-standing question in radiation biology. In humans, nearly 80% of transmitted mutations arise in the paternal germline1, but the transgenerational effects of ionizing radiation exposure has remained controversial and the mechanisms are unknown. Here we show that in sex-separated Caenorhabditis elegans strains, paternal, but not maternal, exposure to ionizing radiation leads to transgenerational embryonic lethality. The offspring of irradiated males displayed various genome instability phenotypes, including DNA fragmentation, chromosomal rearrangement and aneuploidy. Paternal DNA double strand breaks were repaired by maternally provided error-prone polymerase theta-mediated end joining. Mechanistically, we show that depletion of an orthologue of human histone H1.0, HIS-24, or the heterochromatin protein HPL-1, could significantly reverse the transgenerational embryonic lethality. Removal of HIS-24 or HPL-1 reduced histone 3 lysine 9 dimethylation and enabled error-free homologous recombination repair in the germline of the F1 generation from ionizing radiation-treated P0 males, consequently improving the viability of the F2 generation. This work establishes the mechanistic underpinnings of the heritable consequences of paternal radiation exposure on the health of offspring, which may lead to congenital disorders and cancer in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Wang
- Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - David H Meyer
- Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Björn Schumacher
- Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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23
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Takei Y, Eguchi Y, Yamauchi-Kawaura C, Suzuki S, Hirose E, Hirofuji Y, Honmoto T, Miyazaki O, Igarashi T, Shimada Y, Matsubara K. [The Report of Task Group of Gonadal Shield Discontinuing in Pediatric Hip and Pelvic Radiography in Japan]. Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi 2022; 78:1495-1510. [PMID: 36543234 DOI: 10.6009/jjrt.2022-2123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Takei
- Department of Radiological Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare
| | - Yoshitaka Eguchi
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Center for Child Health and Development
| | | | - Shoichi Suzuki
- Department of Radiological Technology, Fujita Health University
| | - Etsuko Hirose
- Department of Radiology, Hyogo Prefectural Nishinomiya Hospital
| | - Yoshiaki Hirofuji
- Department of Radiological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Fukushima Medical University
| | | | - Osamu Miyazaki
- Department of Radiology, National Center for Child Health and Development
| | - Takayuki Igarashi
- Department of Radiological Technology, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita Hospital
| | | | - Kosuke Matsubara
- Department of Quantum Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University
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24
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Yasuda S, Okazaki K, Nakano H, Ishii K, Kyozuka H, Murata T, Fujimori K, Goto A, Yasumura S, Ota M, Hata K, Suzuki K, Nakai A, Ohira T, Ohto H, Kamiya K. Effects of External Radiation Exposure on Perinatal Outcomes in Pregnant Women After the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident: the Fukushima Health Management Survey. J Epidemiol 2022; 32:S104-S114. [PMID: 36464294 PMCID: PMC9703922 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20210252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal exposure to external radiation on perinatal outcomes among women who experienced the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster (FDND) using the Fukushima Health Management Survey (FHMS). METHODS Data from the Pregnancy and Birth Survey and Basic Survey in the FHMS were combined to analyze external maternal radiation exposure following the FDND, and the relationship between radiation dose and perinatal outcomes was analyzed using binomial logistic regression analysis. Missing dose data were supplemented using multiple imputation. RESULTS A total of 6,875 individuals responded to the survey. Congenital anomalies occurred in 2.9% of patients, low birth weight (LBW) in 7.6%, small for gestation age (SGA; <10th percentile) in 8.9%, and preterm birth in 4.1%. The median maternal external radiation dose was 0.5 mSv (maximum, 5.2 mSv). Doses were classified as follows: <1 mSv (reference), 1 to <2 mSv, and ≥2 mSv. For congenital anomalies, the crude odds ratio for 1 to <2 mSv was 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56-1.17) (no participants with congenital anomaly were exposed to ≥2 mSv). At 1 to <2 mSv and ≥2 mSv, the respective adjusted odds ratios were 0.91 (95% CI, 0.71-1.18) and 1.21 (95% CI, 0.53-2.79) for LBW, 1.14 (95% CI, 0.92-1.42) and 0.84 (95% CI, 0.30-2.37) for SGA, and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.65-1.29) and 1.05 (95% CI, 0.22-4.87) for preterm birth. CONCLUSION External radiation dose due to the FDND was not associated with congenital anomalies, LBW, SGA, or preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Yasuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan,Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kanako Okazaki
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan,Department of Physical Therapy, Fukushima Medical University School of Health Sciences, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hironori Nakano
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan,Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kayoko Ishii
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hyo Kyozuka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Murata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Keiya Fujimori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan,Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Aya Goto
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan,Center for Integrated Science and Humanities, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Seiji Yasumura
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan,Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Misao Ota
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan,Department of Midwifery and Maternal Nursing, Fukushima Medical University School of Nursing, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kenichi Hata
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan,Fukushima Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kohta Suzuki
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan,Department of Health and Psychosocial Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akihito Nakai
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan,Nippon Medical School Tamanagayama Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ohira
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan,Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ohto
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamiya
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan,Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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25
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Wood KA, Goriely A. The impact of paternal age on new mutations and disease in the next generation. Fertil Steril 2022; 118:1001-1012. [PMID: 36351856 PMCID: PMC10909733 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Advanced paternal age is associated with an increased risk of fathering children with genetic disorders and other adverse reproductive consequences. However, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain largely unexplored. In this review, we focus on the impact of paternal age on de novo mutations that are an important contributor to genetic disease and can be studied both indirectly through large-scale sequencing studies and directly in the tissue in which they predominantly arise-the aging testis. We discuss the recent data that have helped establish the origins and frequency of de novo mutations, and highlight experimental evidence about the close link between new mutations, parental age, and genetic disease. We then focus on a small group of rare genetic conditions, the so-called "paternal age effect" disorders that show a strong association between paternal age and disease prevalence, and discuss the underlying mechanism ("selfish selection") and implications of this process in more detail. More broadly, understanding the causes and consequences of paternal age on genetic risk has important implications both for individual couples and for public health advice given that the average age of fatherhood is steadily increasing in many developed nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Wood
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Goriely
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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26
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Salmón P, Burraco P. Telomeres and anthropogenic disturbances in wildlife: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:6018-6039. [PMID: 35080073 PMCID: PMC9790527 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Human-driven environmental changes are affecting wildlife across the globe. These challenges do not influence species or populations to the same extent and therefore a comprehensive evaluation of organismal health is needed to determine their ultimate impact. Evidence suggests that telomeres (the terminal chromosomal regions) are sensitive to environmental conditions and have been posited as a surrogate for animal health and fitness. Evaluation of their use in an applied ecological context is still scarce. Here, using information from molecular and occupational biomedical studies, we aim to provide ecologists and evolutionary biologists with an accessible synthesis of the links between human disturbances and telomere length. In addition, we perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on studies measuring telomere length in wild/wild-derived animals facing anthropogenic disturbances. Despite the relatively small number of studies to date, our meta-analysis revealed a significant small negative association between disturbances and telomere length (-0.092 [-0.153, -0.031]; n = 28; k = 159). Yet, our systematic review suggests that the use of telomeres as a biomarker to understand the anthropogenic impact on wildlife is limited. We propose some research avenues that will help to broadly evaluate their suitability: (i) further causal studies on the link between human disturbances and telomeres; (ii) investigating the organismal implications, in terms of fitness and performance, of a given telomere length in anthropogenically disturbed scenarios; and (iii) better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of telomere dynamics. Future studies in these facets will help to ultimately determine their role as markers of health and fitness in wildlife facing anthropogenic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Salmón
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK,Department of Plant Biology and EcologyFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)LeioaSpain
| | - Pablo Burraco
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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27
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Yushkova E. Contribution of transposable elements to transgenerational effects of chronic radioactive exposure of natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster living for a long time in the zone of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2022; 251-252:106945. [PMID: 35696883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.106945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP) led to the negative impact of chronic radioactive contamination on populations of organisms associated with the transgenerational transmission of genome instability. When the destabilization of genome, different genetic damages occur, the accumulation of which leads to the formation of mutations, morphological anomalies, and mortality in the offspring. The mechanisms underlying the manifestation of transgenerational events in the offspring of irradiated parents are not well understood. In this study, for the first time, the features of the influence of transposable elements (TEs) on the long-term biological consequences of the ChNPP are considered. In this work, specimens of D. melanogaster obtained from natural populations in 2007 in the areas of the ChNPP with heterogeneous radioactive contamination were studied. The descendants from these populations were maintained in laboratory (inbred) conditions for 160 generations. A stable transgenerational transmission of dominant lethal mutations (DLMs) to the offspring of all studied populations was shown. The DLM frequencies strongly were correlated with the level of survival of offspring. The mean frequencies of recessive sex-linked lethal mutations varied at the level of spontaneous point mutations. The simultaneous presence of P, hobo and I elements indicates that the studied populations do not have a definite cytotype, their phenotypic status is unstable. The behavior of TEs in the genomes of offspring depends not only on parental exposure, but also on origin of population, distance to the ChNPP, and inbred conditions. The obtained results confirm the hypothesis that TEs are involved in transgenerational transmission and accumulation of mutations by the offspring of irradiated parents. The TEs pattern present in the Chernobyl genomes of D. melanogaster is a peculiar of epigenetic mechanism for the regulation of plasticity and adaptation of populations living for many generations under conditions of a technogenically caused radiation background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Yushkova
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Syktyvkar, Russia.
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28
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Burtt JJ, Akiba S, Bazyka D, Coleman CN, Hatch M, Bernstein JL. Radiation disasters - long term consequences: reflections and summary of a recent symposium. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 99:561-568. [PMID: 36154906 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2110315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie J Burtt
- Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Suminori Akiba
- Hirosaki University Center for Radiation Support and Safety, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Dimitry Bazyka
- National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - C Norman Coleman
- Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR), Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Maureen Hatch
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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29
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Gondo Y. DETECTION OF TRANSGENERATIONAL GENETIC EFFECTS BASED ON WHOLE-GENOME SEQUENCING IN THE MOUSE MODEL. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2022; 198:1137-1142. [PMID: 36083724 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
It has become feasible to detect de novo mutations in mammalian genomes by using whole-genome sequencing. The power to detect numbers of de novo mutations should provide a useful tool to assess the transgenerational genetic effects of radiations on living organisms. By reviewing the spontaneous mutations in the mouse as a model, an action plan is proposed to detect the induced mutations after accumulating mutations for several generations with continuous exposure to low-dose radiations. Some susceptibility differences against radiations between humans and model animals for the transgenerational effect have been suggested. The applicability of the mouse model for the assessment of low-dose radiation is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Gondo
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimo-Kasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
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30
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Discovery of the radio-protecting effect of Ecliptae Herba, its constituents and targeting p53-mediated apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:1216-1230. [PMID: 36970216 PMCID: PMC10031264 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation protection drugs are often accompanied by toxicity, even amifostine, which has been the dominant radio-protecting drug for nearly 30 years. Furthermore, there is no therapeutic drug for radiation-induced intestinal injury (RIII). This paper intends to find a safe and effective radio-protecting ingredient from natural sources. The radio-protecting effect of Ecliptae Herba (EHE) was discovered preliminarily by antioxidant experiments and the mouse survival rate after 137Cs irradiation. EHE components and blood substances in vivo were identified through UPLC‒Q-TOF. The correlation network of "natural components in EHE-constituents migrating to blood-targets-pathways" was established to predict the active components and pathways. The binding force between potential active components and targets was studied by molecular docking, and the mechanism was further analyzed by Western blotting, cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), and ChIP. Additionally, the expression levels of Lgr5, Axin2, Ki67, lysozyme, caspase-3, caspase-8,8-OHdG, and p53 in the small intestine of mice were detected. It was found for the first time that EHE is active in radiation protection and that luteolin is the material basis of this protection. Luteolin is a promising candidate for RⅢ. Luteolin can inhibit the p53 signaling pathway and regulate the BAX/BCL2 ratio in the process of apoptosis. Luteolin could also regulate the expression of multitarget proteins related to the same cell cycle.
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Pohjoismäki JLO, Goffart S. Adaptive and Pathological Outcomes of Radiation Stress-Induced Redox Signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:336-348. [PMID: 35044250 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Ionizing radiation can damage cells either directly or through oxidative damage caused by ionization. Although radiation exposure from natural sources is very limited, ionizing radiation in nuclear disaster zones and long spaceflights causes inconspicuous, yet measurable physiological effects in men and animals, whose significance remains poorly known. Understanding the physiological impacts of ionizing radiation has a wide importance due to the increased use of medical imaging and radiotherapy. Recent Advances: Radiation exposure has been traditionally investigated from the perspective of DNA damage and its consequences. However, recent studies from Chernobyl as well as spaceflights have provided interesting insights into oxidative stress-induced metabolic alterations and disturbances in the circadian regulation. Critical Issues: In this review, we discuss the physiological consequences of radiation exposure in the light of oxidative stress signaling. Radiation exposure likely triggers many converging or interconnecting signaling pathways, some of which mimic mitochondrial dysfunction and might explain the observed metabolic changes. Future Directions: Better understanding of the different radiation-induced signaling pathways might help to devise strategies for mitigation of the long-term effects of radiation exposure. The utility of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) as a radiation exposure biomarker and the use of radiation hormesis as a method to protect astronauts on a prolonged spaceflight, such as a mission to Mars, should be investigated. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 336-348.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko L O Pohjoismäki
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Steffi Goffart
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
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Schiantarelli J, Pappa T, Conway J, Crowdis J, Reardon B, Dietlein F, Huang J, Stanizzi D, Carey E, Bosma-Moody A, Imamovic A, Han S, Camp S, Kofman E, Shannon E, Barletta JA, He MX, Liu D, Park J, Lorch JH, Van Allen EM. Mutational Footprint of Platinum Chemotherapy in a Secondary Thyroid Cancer. JCO Precis Oncol 2022; 6:e2200183. [PMID: 36075011 PMCID: PMC9489159 DOI: 10.1200/po.22.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schiantarelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | - Theodora Pappa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jake Conway
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jett Crowdis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | - Brendan Reardon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | - Felix Dietlein
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Darren Stanizzi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Evan Carey
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Alice Bosma-Moody
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | - Alma Imamovic
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | - Seunghun Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sabrina Camp
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | - Eric Kofman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Erin Shannon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | - Justine A. Barletta
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Meng Xiao He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
- Harvard Graduate Program in Biophysics, Boston, MA
| | - David Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | - Jihye Park
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | - Jochen H. Lorch
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Eliezer M. Van Allen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
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Drozdovitch V, Chizhov K, Chumak V, Bakhanova E, Trotsyuk N, Bondarenko P, Golovanov I, Kryuchkov V. Reliability of Questionnaire-Based Dose Reconstruction: Human Factor Uncertainties in the Radiation Dosimetry of Chernobyl Cleanup Workers. Radiat Res 2022; 198:172-180. [PMID: 35604875 PMCID: PMC9384793 DOI: 10.1667/rade-21-00207.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This original study aims to quantify the human factor uncertainties in radiation doses for Chernobyl cleanup workers that are associated with errors in direct or proxy personal interviews due to poor memory recall a long time after exposure. Two types of doses due to external irradiation during cleanup mission were calculated independently. First, a "reference" dose, that was calculated using the historical description of cleanup activities reported by 47 cleanup workers shortly after the completion of the cleanup mission. Second, a "current" dose that was calculated using information reported by 47 cleanup workers and respective 24 proxies (colleagues) nominated by cleanup workers during a personal interview conducted more recently, as part of this study, i.e., 25-30 years after their cleanup missions. The Jaccard similarity coefficient for reference and current doses was moderate: the arithmetic mean ± standard deviation was 0.29 ± 0.18 (median = 0.31) and 0.23 ± 0.18 (median = 0.22) for the cleanup worker's and proxy's interviews, respectively. The agreement between two doses was better if the cleanup worker was interviewed rather than his proxy: the median ratio of current to reference dose was 1.0 and 0.56 for cleanup workers and proxies, respectively. The present study has shown that human factor uncertainties lead to underestimation or overestimation of the "true" reference dose for most cleanup workers up to 3 times. In turn, the potential impact of these errors on radiation-related risk estimates should be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Drozdovitch
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Konstantin Chizhov
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Vadim Chumak
- National Research Centre for Radiation Medicine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Elena Bakhanova
- National Research Centre for Radiation Medicine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Ivan Golovanov
- State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor Kryuchkov
- State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
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Thorne MC. Special issues and computational techniques: the Bernard Wheatley Award for 2021. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2022; 42:030201. [PMID: 35815731 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ac7e03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M C Thorne
- Quarry Cottage, Hamsterley, Bishop Auckland, County Durham, DL13 3NJ, United Kingdom
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35
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Moorhouse AJ, Scholze M, Sylvius N, Gillham C, Rake C, Peto J, Anderson R, Dubrova YE. No evidence of increased mutations in the germline of a group of British nuclear test veterans. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10830. [PMID: 35790751 PMCID: PMC9256629 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14999-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential germline effects of radiation exposure to military veterans present at British nuclear tests in Australia and the South Pacific is of considerable interest. We analyzed germline mutations in 60 families of UK military personnel comprising 30 control and 30 nuclear test veterans (NTV). Using whole-genome sequencing we studied the frequency and spectra of de novo mutations to investigate the transgenerational effect of veterans' (potential) exposure to radiation at nuclear bomb test sites. We find no elevation in total de novo single nucleotide variants, small insertion-deletions, structural variants or clustered mutations among the offspring of nuclear test veterans compared to those of control personnel. We did observe an elevated occurrence of single base substitution mutations within mutation signature SBS16, due to a subset of NTV offspring. The relevance of this elevation to potential exposure of veteran fathers and, future health risks, require further investigation. Overall, we find no evidence of increased mutations in the germline of a group of British nuclear test veterans. ISRCTN Registry 17461668.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Moorhouse
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
- Centre for Health Effects of Radiological and Chemical Agents, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Martin Scholze
- Centre for Health Effects of Radiological and Chemical Agents, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Nicolas Sylvius
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Clare Gillham
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Christine Rake
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Julian Peto
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Rhona Anderson
- Centre for Health Effects of Radiological and Chemical Agents, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK.
| | - Yuri E Dubrova
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
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Abstract
Radiation detriment is a concept developed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection to quantify the burden of stochastic effects from low-dose and/or low-dose-rate exposures to the human population. It is determined from the lifetime risks of cancer for a set of organs and tissues and the risk of heritable effects, taking into account the severity of the consequences. This publication provides a historical review of detriment calculation methodology since ICRP Publication 26, with details of the procedure developed in ICRP Publication 103, which clarifies data sources, risk models, computational methods, and rationale for the choice of parameter values. A selected sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify the parameters and calculation conditions that can be major sources of variation and uncertainty in the calculation of radiation detriment. It has demonstrated that sex, age at exposure, dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor, dose assumption in the calculation of lifetime risk, and lethality fraction have a substantial impact on radiation detriment values. Although the current scheme of radiation detriment calculation is well established, it needs to evolve to better reflect changes in population health statistics and progress in scientific understanding of radiation health effects. In this regard, some key parameters require updating, such as the reference population data and cancer severity. There is also room for improvement in cancer risk models based on the accumulation of recent epidemiological findings. Finally, the importance of improving the comprehensibility of the detriment concept and the transparency of its calculation process is emphasised.© 2022 ICRP. Published by SAGE.
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Yamamoto K, Takita M, Kami M, Takemoto Y, Ohira T, Maeda M, Yasumura S, Sakai A, Hosoya M, Okazaki K, Yabe H, Kitamura T, Tsubokura M, Shimabukuro M, Ohto H, Kamiya K. Changes in the proportion of anemia among young women after the Great East Japan Earthquake: the Fukushima health management survey. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10805. [PMID: 35752644 PMCID: PMC9233683 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14992-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the sequential changes in the proportion of anemia among young women over eight years after the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011 using a prospective study of the Fukushima Health Management Survey. This study focused on the women aged between 20 and 44 who lived in the evacuation area of the nuclear power plant accident. The yearly age-adjusted proportion of anemia was accessed with data between July 2011 and March 2019. A total of 9,198 women participated in the health checkup in 2011, albeit the participation was decreased to 1,241 in 2018. The age-adjusted proportion of anemia was 16.7% in 2012 and then declined after 2013 (p with Cochran-Armitage trend test = 0.03). The multivariate regression analysis identified < 23 kg/m2 of body mass index (BMI), no history of smoking, and no habitual alcohol use as independent baseline characteristics predictive of temporality anemic condition after the disaster (Adjusted odds ratios [95% confidence interval]; 1.98 [1.43-2.74], 1.85 [1.21-2.83], and 1.42 [1.07-1.90], respectively). Thus, women with low BMI and healthier habits might risk temporarily anemic status after the disaster. Our findings signal the importance of preventing anemia in young women after the disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Yamamoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Minato, Tokyo, 108-0071, Japan.
| | - Morihito Takita
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Navitas Clinic Tachikawa, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-0023, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Governance Research Institute, Minato, Tokyo, 108-0074, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Takemoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yoshinobu Clinic, Kagoshima, 890-0063, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ohira
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.,Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Masaharu Maeda
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.,Department of Disaster Psychology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Seiji Yasumura
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.,Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Akira Sakai
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.,Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Hosoya
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kanako Okazaki
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.,Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Toshio Kitamura
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato, Tokyo, 108-0071, Japan
| | - Masaharu Tsubokura
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.,Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Michio Shimabukuro
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.,Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ohto
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamiya
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.,Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
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Rake C, Gilham C, Scholze M, Bukasa L, Stephens J, Simpson J, Peto J, Anderson R. British nuclear test veteran family trios for the study of genetic risk. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2022; 42:021528. [PMID: 35726547 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ac6e10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The risk of radiation effects in children of individuals exposed to ionising radiation remains an ongoing concern for aged veterans of the British nuclear testing programme. The genetic and cytogenetic family trio (GCFT) study is the first study to obtain blood samples from a group of British nuclear test veterans and their families for the purposes of identifying genetic alterations in offspring as a consequence of historical paternal exposure to ionising radiation. In this report, we describe the processes for recruitment and sampling, and provide a general description of the study population recruited. In total, blood samples were received from 91 (49 test and 42 control) families representing veteran servicemen from the army, Royal Air Force and Royal Navy. This translated to an overall response rate of 14% (49/353) for test veterans and 4% (42/992) for control veterans (excluding responders known to be ineligible). Due to the lack of dose information available, test veterans were allocated to a three-point exposure rank. Thirty (61%) test veterans were ranked in the lower group. Nineteen (39%) of the 49 test veterans were classified in the mid (5 veterans; 10%)/high (14 veterans; 29%) exposure ranks and included 12 veterans previously identified as belonging to the special groups or listed in health physics documents. An increased number of test veteran families (20%), compared with control families (5%), self-reported offspring with congenital abnormalities (p= 0.03). Whether this observation in this small group is reflective of the entire UK test veteran cohort or whether it is selection bias requires further work. The cohort described here represent an important and unique family trio grouping whose participation is enabling genetic studies, as part of the GCFT study, to be carried out. The outcomes of these studies will be published elsewhere. ISRCTN Registry: 17461668.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Rake
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Gilham
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Scholze
- Centre for Health Effects of Radiological and Chemical Agents, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Laurette Bukasa
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Jade Stephens
- Centre for Health Effects of Radiological and Chemical Agents, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Jayne Simpson
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Peto
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Rhona Anderson
- Centre for Health Effects of Radiological and Chemical Agents, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
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Wakeford R, Hauptmann M. The risk of cancer following high, and very high, doses of ionising radiation. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2022; 42:020518. [PMID: 35671754 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ac767b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
It is established that moderate-to-high doses of ionising radiation increase the risk of subsequent cancer in the exposed individual, but the question arises as to the risk of cancer from higher doses, such as those delivered during radiotherapy, accidents, or deliberate acts of malice. In general, the cumulative dose received during a course of radiation treatment is sufficiently high that it would kill a person if delivered as a single dose to the whole body, but therapeutic doses are carefully fractionated and high/very high doses are generally limited to a small tissue volume under controlled conditions. The very high cumulative doses delivered as fractions during radiation treatment are designed to inactivate diseased cells, but inevitably some healthy cells will also receive high/very high doses. How the doses (ranging from <1 Gy to tens of Gy) received by healthy tissues during radiotherapy affect the risk of second primary cancer is an increasingly important issue to address as more cancer patients survive the disease. Studies show that, except for a turndown for thyroid cancer, a linear dose-response for second primary solid cancers seems to exist over a cumulative gamma radiation dose range of tens of gray, but with a gradient of excess relative risk per Gy that varies with the type of second cancer, and which is notably shallower than that found in the Japanese atomic bomb survivors receiving a single moderate-to-high acute dose. The risk of second primary cancer consequent to high/very high doses of radiation is likely to be due to repopulation of heavily irradiated tissues by surviving stem cells, some of which will have been malignantly transformed by radiation exposure, although the exact mechanism is not known, and various models have been proposed. It is important to understand the mechanisms that lead to the raised risk of second primary cancers consequent to the receipt of high/very high doses, in particular so that the risks associated with novel radiation treatment regimens-for example, intensity modulated radiotherapy and volumetric modulated arc therapy that deliver high doses to the target volume while exposing relatively large volumes of healthy tissue to low/moderate doses, and treatments using protons or heavy ions rather than photons-may be properly assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Wakeford
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Hauptmann
- Institute of Biostatistics and Registry Research, Brandenburg Medical School, Fehrbelliner Strasse 38, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
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40
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Parascandola M, Pearlman PC, Eldridge L, Gopal S. The Development of Global Cancer Research at the United States National Cancer Institute. J Natl Cancer Inst 2022; 114:1228-1237. [PMID: 35640108 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djac104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
International research and collaboration has been a part of the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) mission since its creation in 1937. Early on, efforts were limited to international exchange of information to ensure that U.S. cancer patients could benefit from advances in other countries. As NCI's research grant portfolio grew in the 1950s, it included a modest number of grants to foreign institutions, primarily in the U.K. and Europe. In the 1960s, the development of geographic pathology, which aimed to study cancer etiology through variations in cancer incidence and risk factors, led to an increase in NCI funded international research, including research in low- and middle-income countries. In this paper, we review key international research programs, focusing particularly on the first fifty years of NCI history. The first NCI-led overseas research programs, established in the 1960s in Ghana and Uganda, generated influential research but also struggled with logistical challenges and political instability. The 1971 National Cancer Act was followed by the creation of a number of bilateral agreements with foreign governments, including China, Japan, and Russia, to support cooperation in technology and medicine. While these agreements were broad without specific scientific goals, they provided an important mechanism for sustained collaborations in specific areas. With the creation of the NCI Center for Global Health in 2011, NCI's global cancer research efforts gained sustained focus. While the global cancer burden has evolved over time, increasingly impacting low- and middle-income countries, NCI's role in global cancer research remains more important than ever.
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41
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Fukunaga H, Yokoya A, Prise KM. A Brief Overview of Radiation-Induced Effects on Spermatogenesis and Oncofertility. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030805. [PMID: 35159072 PMCID: PMC8834293 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Spermatogenesis is one of the most important processes for the propagation of life; however, the testes’ ability to form sperm via this differentiation process is highly radiosensitive and easily impacted by exposure to environmental, occupational, or therapeutic radiation. Furthermore, the possibility that radiation effects on the gonads can be passed on from generation to generation should not be overlooked. This review focuses on the radiation-induced effects on spermatogenesis and the transgenerational effects. We also explore the potential of novel radiobiological approaches to improve male fertility preservation during radiotherapy. Abstract The genotoxicity of radiation on germ cells may be passed on to the next generation, thus its elucidation is not only a scientific issue but also an ethical, legal, and social issue in modern society. In this article, we briefly overview the effects of radiation on spermatogenesis and its associated genotoxicity, including the latest findings in the field of radiobiology. The potential role of transgenerational effects is still poorly understood, and further research in this area is desirable. Furthermore, from the perspective of oncofertility, we discuss the historical background and clinical importance of preserving male fertility during radiation treatment and the potential of microbeam radiotherapy. We hope that this review will contribute to stimulating further discussions and investigations for therapies for pediatric and adolescent/young adult patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisanori Fukunaga
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Akinari Yokoya
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan;
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
| | - Kevin M. Prise
- Patrick G Johnstone Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK;
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Yushkova E. Radiobiological features in offspring of natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster after Chernobyl accident. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2022; 63:84-97. [PMID: 35275441 DOI: 10.1002/em.22476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In their natural habitats, populations of organisms are faced with different levels of chronic low-intensity radiation, causing a wide range of radiobiological effects (from radiosensitivity to radioadaptive response and hormesis). In this study, specimens of Drosophila melanogaster were selected from territories of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant with different levels of radioactive contamination. The isogenic stocks derived from these specimens represent the genetic systems of current populations and make it possible to study radioresistance and its mechanisms in future generations under controlled laboratory conditions. Previous studies have shown that transgenerational radiation effects at the level of lethal mutations and survival rate are unstable and depend not only on the level of chronic low-intensity irradiation, but also on other factors. A single acute irradiation exposure of offspring whose parents inhabited a site with a higher level of chronic irradiation made it possible to reveal pronounced radioresistant features in the offspring. And the offspring whose parents were exposed to radiation levels close to the natural radiation background, on the contrary, acquired radiosensitive features. Their response to acute exposure includes a high-frequency of lethal mutations and a short lifespan. The differential response to different levels of chronic parental exposure is caused by differences in the activities of certain transposons that destabilize the genome. Our data contribute to the understanding of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms (via transposon activity) of the effect of parental radiation exposure on the health and adaptive potential of populations affected by the technogenically increased radiation background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Yushkova
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Syktyvkar, Russia
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Low-Dose-Rate Irradiation Suppresses the Expression of Cell Cycle-Related Genes, Resulting in Modification of Sensitivity to Anti-Cancer Drugs. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030501. [PMID: 35159310 PMCID: PMC8833988 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological effects of low-dose-rate (LDR) radiation exposure in nuclear power plant accidents and medical uses of ionizing radiation (IR), although being a social concern, remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the effects of LDR-IR on global gene expression in human cells and aimed to clarify the mechanisms. RNA-seq analyses demonstrated that relatively low dose rates of IR modify gene expression levels in TIG-3 cells under normoxic conditions, but those effects were attenuated under hypoxia-mimicking conditions. Gene set enrichment analysis demonstrated that LDR-IR significantly decreased gene expression related to cell division, cell cycle, mitosis, and the Aurora kinase B and FOXM1 pathways. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed the down-regulation of AURKB and FOXM1 genes in TIG-3 cells with LDR-IR or hypoxia-mimicking treatments without any dose-rate effect. Knock-down experiments suggested that HIF-1α and HIF-2α, as well as DEC1, participated in down-regulation of AURKB and FOXM1 under DFOM treatments, but to a lesser extent under LDR-IR treatment. FACS and microscopic analyses demonstrated that LDR-IR induced G0/G1 arrest and increased micronucleus or chromosome condensation. Finally, MTT assays demonstrated that LDR-IR decreased sensitivity to paclitaxel or barasertib in TIG-3 cells but not in A549 cells. In conclusion, LDR-IR modifies global gene expression and cell cycle control, resulting in a reduction of sensitivity to anti-cancer chemotherapy in non-cancer cells and thus a reduction in untoward effects (GA).
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Increased Frequency of Copy Number Variations Revealed by Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization in the Offspring of Male Mice Exposed to Low Dose-Rate Ionizing Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212437. [PMID: 34830319 PMCID: PMC8621608 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There is very little information on the transgenerational or genetic effects of low dose-rate ionizing radiation. We report the detection of the transgenerational effects of chronic low dose-rate irradiation in mice, at the molecular level in the whole genome, using array comparative genomic hybridization technology. We observed that the number of the mice with de novo copy number variations (specifically, deletions) was significantly increased in the offspring of C57BL/6J male mice exposed to 20 mGy/day gamma-rays for 400 days (total dose: 8000 mGy), as compared to non-irradiated controls. We did not detect any difference in the size of the de novo deletions between the irradiated and the non-irradiated groups. An analysis of the life span of the offspring suggested a possibility that de novo copy-number variations may be associated with shorter life spans.
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Chizhov K, Drozdovitch V, Bragin Y, Mark NK, Szőke I, Golovanov I, Chumak V, Kryuchkov V. 3D simulations for evaluation of location factors in an urban environment: application of a novel methodology to calculate external exposure doses for evacuees from Pripyat. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2021; 60:611-629. [PMID: 34537881 PMCID: PMC8637943 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-021-00940-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a methodology for assessing the radiation doses in an urban environment due to external irradiation from radionuclides deposited on the ground and other surfaces as well as from a passing radioactive cloud. The approach was developed and applied to assess individual doses of residents of the town of Pripyat who were evacuated shortly after the Chernobyl accident. Typically, the so-called location factor is defined as the ratio of the dose rate at a point of exposure and the dose rate at an undisturbed lawn far from any buildings. The present study used a new definition of the location factor as a regular four-dimensional grid of ratios of air kerma rates indoors and outdoors distributed in space and time. The location factors were calculated for two scenarios: outdoor and indoor values for typical apartments and buildings in Pripyat. Indoor location factors varied within two orders of magnitude depending on the floor of residence and place of staying inside the apartment. Values of the indoor location factor differed during the daytime and night by a factor of 30-40 depending on the behaviour of an individual within the apartment. Both, outdoor and indoor location factors decreased with decreasing distances between buildings. It was shown that during the first 4 days after the accident, air kerma rates in Pripyat were governed by the radionuclides deposited on the ground surface, and not by radionuclides in the cloud. Specifically, the contribution of the radioactive cloud to air kerma rate was maximal (i.e., 2.3%) on the morning of 28 April 1986. The methodology and results of this study are currently being used to reconstruct the radiation gonadal dose for the subjects of the American-Ukrainian study of parental irradiation in Chernobyl cleanup workers and evacuees for investigating germline mutations in their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Chizhov
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room 7E548 MSC 9778, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9778, USA
| | - Vladimir Drozdovitch
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room 7E548 MSC 9778, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9778, USA.
| | - Yuri Bragin
- State Research Center, Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Ivan Golovanov
- State Research Center, Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim Chumak
- National Research Centre for Radiation Medicine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Victor Kryuchkov
- State Research Center, Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
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Chumak V, Bakhanova E, Kryuchkov V, Golovanov I, Chizhov K, Bazyka D, Gudzenko N, Trotsuk N, Mabuchi K, Hatch M, Cahoon EK, Little MP, Kukhta T, de Gonzalez AB, Chanock SJ, Drozdovitch V. Estimation of radiation gonadal doses for the American-Ukrainian trio study of parental irradiation in Chornobyl cleanup workers and evacuees and germline mutations in their offspring. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2021; 41:10.1088/1361-6498/abf0f4. [PMID: 33752181 PMCID: PMC9426296 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/abf0f4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Radiation doses of parents exposed from the Chornobyl accident as cleanup workers or evacuees were estimated in the National Cancer Institute-National Research Center for Radiation Medicine trio (i.e. father, mother, offspring) study aimed at investigating the radiation effects on germlinede novomutations in children as well as other outcomes. Paternal (testes) and maternal (ovaries) gonadal doses were calculated along with associated uncertainty distributions for the following exposure pathways: (a) external irradiation during the cleanup mission, (b) external irradiation during residence in Pripyat, and (c) external irradiation and (d) ingestion of radiocesium isotopes, such as134Cs and137Cs, during residence in settlements other than Pripyat. Gonadal doses were reconstructed for 298 trios for the periods from the time of the accident on 26 April 1986 to two time points before the child's date of birth (DOB): 51 (DOB-51) and 38 (DOB-38) weeks. The two doses, DOB-51 and DOB-38 were equal (within 1 mGy) in most instances, except for 35 fathers where the conception of the child occurred within 3 months of exposure or during exposure. The arithmetic mean of gonadal DOB-38 doses was 227 mGy (median: 11 mGy, range 0-4080 mGy) and 8.5 mGy (median: 1.0 mGy, range 0-550 mGy) for fathers and mothers, respectively. Gonadal doses varied considerably depending on the exposure pathway, the highest gonadal DOB-38 doses being received during the cleanup mission (mean doses of 376 and 34 mGy, median of 144 and 7.4 mGy for fathers and mothers, respectively), followed by exposure during residence in Pripyat (7.7 and 13 mGy for mean, 7.2 and 6.2 mGy for median doses) and during residence in other settlements (2.0 and 2.1 mGy for mean, 0.91 and 0.81 mGy for median doses). Monte Carlo simulations were used to estimate the parental gonadal doses and associated uncertainties. The geometric standard deviations (GSDs) in the individual parental stochastic doses due to external irradiation during the cleanup mission varied from 1.2 to 4.7 (mean of 1.8), while during residence in Pripyat they varied from 1.4 to 2.8 (mean of 1.8), while the mean GSD in doses received during residence in settlements other than Pripyat was 1.3 and 1.4 for external irradiation and ingestion of radiocesium isotopes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Chumak
- National Research Centre for Radiation Medicine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Elena Bakhanova
- National Research Centre for Radiation Medicine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Victor Kryuchkov
- Burnasyan Federal Medical and Biophysical Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Golovanov
- Burnasyan Federal Medical and Biophysical Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin Chizhov
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room 7E548 MSC 9778, Bethesda, MD 20892-9778, United States of America
| | - Dimitry Bazyka
- National Research Centre for Radiation Medicine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Natalia Trotsuk
- National Research Centre for Radiation Medicine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Kiyohiko Mabuchi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room 7E548 MSC 9778, Bethesda, MD 20892-9778, United States of America
| | - Maureen Hatch
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room 7E548 MSC 9778, Bethesda, MD 20892-9778, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth K Cahoon
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room 7E548 MSC 9778, Bethesda, MD 20892-9778, United States of America
| | - Mark P Little
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room 7E548 MSC 9778, Bethesda, MD 20892-9778, United States of America
| | - Tatiana Kukhta
- United Institute of Informatics Problems, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Amy Berrington de Gonzalez
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room 7E548 MSC 9778, Bethesda, MD 20892-9778, United States of America
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room 7E548 MSC 9778, Bethesda, MD 20892-9778, United States of America
| | - Vladimir Drozdovitch
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room 7E548 MSC 9778, Bethesda, MD 20892-9778, United States of America
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Laurier D, Rühm W, Paquet F, Applegate K, Cool D, Clement C. Areas of research to support the system of radiological protection. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2021; 60:519-530. [PMID: 34657188 PMCID: PMC8522113 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-021-00947-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This document presents the ICRP's updated vision on "Areas of Research to Support the System of Radiological Protection", which have been previously published in 2017. It aims to complement the research priorities promoted by other relevant international organisations, with the specificity of placing them in the perspective of the evolution of the System of Radiological Protection. This document contributes to the process launched by ICRP to review and revise the System of Radiological Protection that will update the 2007 General Recommendations in ICRP Publication 103.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Laurier
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - W Rühm
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - F Paquet
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Cadarache, France
| | - K Applegate
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - D Cool
- International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) Vice-Chair, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - C Clement
- International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Rosendahl Huber A, Van Hoeck A, Van Boxtel R. The Mutagenic Impact of Environmental Exposures in Human Cells and Cancer: Imprints Through Time. Front Genet 2021; 12:760039. [PMID: 34745228 PMCID: PMC8565797 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.760039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During life, the DNA of our cells is continuously exposed to external damaging processes. Despite the activity of various repair mechanisms, DNA damage eventually results in the accumulation of mutations in the genomes of our cells. Oncogenic mutations are at the root of carcinogenesis, and carcinogenic agents are often highly mutagenic. Over the past decade, whole genome sequencing data of healthy and tumor tissues have revealed how cells in our body gradually accumulate mutations because of exposure to various mutagenic processes. Dissection of mutation profiles based on the type and context specificities of the altered bases has revealed a variety of signatures that reflect past exposure to environmental mutagens, ranging from chemotherapeutic drugs to genotoxic gut bacteria. In this review, we discuss the latest knowledge on somatic mutation accumulation in human cells, and how environmental mutagenic factors further shape the mutation landscapes of tissues. In addition, not all carcinogenic agents induce mutations, which may point to alternative tumor-promoting mechanisms, such as altered clonal selection dynamics. In short, we provide an overview of how environmental factors induce mutations in the DNA of our healthy cells and how this contributes to carcinogenesis. A better understanding of how environmental mutagens shape the genomes of our cells can help to identify potential preventable causes of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Rosendahl Huber
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Arne Van Hoeck
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ruben Van Boxtel
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Abstract
Transgenerational effects have long been expected in children from parents exposed to radiation from atomic bombs in Japan in 1945 or from the Chernobyl disaster in 1986. These effects have in fact proven hard to detect. A new large-scale study based on high-quality whole genome sequencing of father/mother/child trios in which the parental radiation dose is known now demonstrates that the rate of new mutations (50/70 per generation) is not detectably increased when comparing irradiated and non-irradiated parents. This solid data shows conclusively that transgenerational effects of irradiation from the Chernobyl disaster are absent or undetectable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Jordan
- UMR 7268 ADÉS, Aix-Marseille, Université /EFS/CNRS ; CoReBio PACA, case 901, Parc scientifique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
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50
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Perez-Gelvez YNC, Camus AC, Bridger R, Wells L, Rhodes OE, Bergmann CW. Effects of chronic exposure to low levels of IR on Medaka ( Oryzias latipes): a proteomic and bioinformatic approach. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:1485-1501. [PMID: 34355643 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1962570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) at low doses (<100 mGy) has been insufficiently studied to understand fully the risk to health. Relatively little knowledge exists regarding how species and healthy tissues respond at the protein level to chronic exposure to low doses of IR, and mass spectrometric-based profiling of protein expression is a powerful tool for studying changes in protein abundance. MATERIALS AND METHODS SDS gel electrophoresis, LC-MS/MS mass spectrometry-based approaches and bioinformatic data analytics were used to detect proteomic changes following chronic exposure to moderate/low doses of radiation in adults and normally developed Medaka fish (Oryzias latipes). RESULTS Significant variations in the abundance of proteins involved in thyroid hormone signaling and lipid metabolism were detected, which could be related to the gonadal regression phenotype observed after 21.04 mGy and 204.3 mGy/day exposure. The global proteomic change was towards overexpression of proteins in muscle and skin, while the opposite effect was observed in internal organs. CONCLUSION The present study provides information on the impacts of biologically relevant low doses of IR, which will be useful in future research for the identification of potential biomarkers of IR exposure and allow for a better assessment of radiation biosafety regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeni Natalia C Perez-Gelvez
- Carbohydrate Complex Research Center, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Alvin C Camus
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Robert Bridger
- Carbohydrate Complex Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Lance Wells
- Carbohydrate Complex Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Olin E Rhodes
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Odum School of Ecology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Carl W Bergmann
- Carbohydrate Complex Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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