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Baban NS, Zhou J, Elkhoury K, Bhattacharjee S, Vijayavenkataraman S, Gupta N, Song YA, Chakrabarty K, Karri R. BioTrojans: viscoelastic microvalve-based attacks in flow-based microfluidic biochips and their countermeasures. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19806. [PMID: 39191836 PMCID: PMC11350023 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70703-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Flow-based microfluidic biochips (FMBs) are widely used in biomedical research and diagnostics. However, their security against potential material-level cyber-physical attacks remains inadequately explored, posing a significant future challenge. One of the main components, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microvalves, is pivotal to FMBs' functionality. However, their fabrication, which involves thermal curing, makes them susceptible to chemical tampering-induced material degradation attacks. Here, we demonstrate one such material-based attack termed "BioTrojans," which are chemically tampered and optically stealthy microvalves that can be ruptured through low-frequency actuations. To chemically tamper with the microvalves, we altered the associated PDMS curing ratio. Attack demonstrations showed that BioTrojan valves with 30:1 and 50:1 curing ratios ruptured quickly under 2 Hz frequency actuations, while authentic microvalves with a 10:1 ratio remained intact even after being actuated at the same frequency for 2 days (345,600 cycles). Dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) results and associated finite element analysis revealed that a BioTrojan valve stores three orders of magnitude more mechanical energy than the authentic one, making it highly susceptible to low-frequency-induced ruptures. To counter BioTrojan attacks, we propose a security-by-design approach using smooth peripheral fillets to reduce stress concentration by over 50% and a spectral authentication method using fluorescent microvalves capable of effectively detecting BioTrojans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navajit Singh Baban
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Jiarui Zhou
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kamil Elkhoury
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sukanta Bhattacharjee
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | | | - Nikhil Gupta
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Yong-Ak Song
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Krishnendu Chakrabarty
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Arizona, USA
| | - Ramesh Karri
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New York University, New York, USA
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2
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Gao X, Li J, Yuan W, Yan S, Ma X, Li T, Jiang X. Micropattern Fabricated by Acropetal Migration Controlled through Sequential Photo and Thermal Polymerization. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403099. [PMID: 38973084 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Bottom-up patterning technology plays a significant role in both nature and synthetic materials, owing to its inherent advantages such as ease of implementation, spontaneity, and noncontact attributes, etc. However, constrained by the uncontrollability of molecular movement, energy interaction, and stress, obtained micropatterns tend to exhibit an inevitable arched outline, resulting in the limitation of applicability. Herein, inspired by auxin's action mode in apical dominance, a versatile strategy is proposed for fabricating precision self-organizing micropatterns with impressive height based on polymerization-induced acropetal migration. The copolymer containing fluorocarbon chains (low surface energy) and tertiary amine (coinitiator) is designed to self-assemble on the surface of the photo-curing system. The selective exposure under a photomask establishes a photocuring boundary and the radicals would be generated on the surface, which is pivotal in generating a vertical concentration difference of monomer. Subsequent heating treatment activates the material continuously transfers from the unexposed area to the exposed area and is accompanied by the obviously vertical upward mass transfer, resulting in the manufacture of a rectilinear profile micropattern. This strategy significantly broadens the applicability of self-organizing patterns, offering the potential to mitigate the complexity and time-consuming limitations associated with top-down methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxin Gao
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jin Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Wenqiang Yuan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Shuzhen Yan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xuesong Jiang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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3
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Youn S, Ki MR, Abdelhamid MAA, Pack SP. Biomimetic Materials for Skin Tissue Regeneration and Electronic Skin. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:278. [PMID: 38786488 PMCID: PMC11117890 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9050278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Biomimetic materials have become a promising alternative in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine to address critical challenges in wound healing and skin regeneration. Skin-mimetic materials have enormous potential to improve wound healing outcomes and enable innovative diagnostic and sensor applications. Human skin, with its complex structure and diverse functions, serves as an excellent model for designing biomaterials. Creating effective wound coverings requires mimicking the unique extracellular matrix composition, mechanical properties, and biochemical cues. Additionally, integrating electronic functionality into these materials presents exciting possibilities for real-time monitoring, diagnostics, and personalized healthcare. This review examines biomimetic skin materials and their role in regenerative wound healing, as well as their integration with electronic skin technologies. It discusses recent advances, challenges, and future directions in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Youn
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.); (M.A.A.A.)
| | - Mi-Ran Ki
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.); (M.A.A.A.)
- Institute of Industrial Technology, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohamed A. A. Abdelhamid
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.); (M.A.A.A.)
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Seung-Pil Pack
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.); (M.A.A.A.)
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4
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Makoond N, Setiawan A, Buitrago M, Adam JM. Arresting failure propagation in buildings through collapse isolation. Nature 2024; 629:592-596. [PMID: 38750232 PMCID: PMC11096105 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07268-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Several catastrophic building collapses1-5 occur because of the propagation of local-initial failures6,7. Current design methods attempt to completely prevent collapse after initial failures by improving connectivity between building components. These measures ensure that the loads supported by the failed components are redistributed to the rest of the structural system8,9. However, increased connectivity can contribute to collapsing elements pulling down parts of a building that would otherwise be unaffected10. This risk is particularly important when large initial failures occur, as tends to be the case in the most disastrous collapses6. Here we present an original design approach to arrest collapse propagation after major initial failures. When a collapse initiates, the approach ensures that specific elements fail before the failure of the most critical components for global stability. The structural system thus separates into different parts and isolates collapse when its propagation would otherwise be inevitable. The effectiveness of the approach is proved through unique experimental tests on a purposely built full-scale building. We also demonstrate that large initial failures would lead to total collapse of the test building if increased connectivity was implemented as recommended by present guidelines. Our proposed approach enables incorporating a last line of defence for more resilient buildings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirvan Makoond
- ICITECH, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andri Setiawan
- ICITECH, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Buitrago
- ICITECH, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose M Adam
- ICITECH, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.
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5
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Yan S, Deng X, Chen S, Ma T, Li T, Hu K, Jiang X. Deformation-Induced Photoprogrammable Pattern of Polyurethane Elastomers Based on Poisson Effect. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307445. [PMID: 37930053 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Elastomers with high aspect ratio surface patterns are a promising class of materials for designing soft machines in the future. Here, a facile method for fabricating surface patterns on polyurethane elastomer by subtly utilizing the Poisson effect and gradient photocrosslinking is demonstrated. By applying uniaxial tensile strains, the aspect ratio of the surface patterns can be optionally manipulated. At prestretched state, the pattern on the polyurethane elastomer can be readily constructed through compressive stress, resulting from the gradient photocrosslinking via selective photodimerization of an anthracene-functionalized polyurethane elastomer (referred to as ANPU). The macromolecular aggregation structures during stretching deformation significantly contribute to the fabrication of high aspect ratio surface patterns. The insightful finite element analysis well demonstrates that the magnitude and distribution of internal stress in the ANPU elastomer can be regulated by selectively gradient crosslinking, leading to polymer chains migrate from the exposed region to the unexposed region, thereby generating a diverse array of surface patterns. Additionally, the periodic surface patterns exhibit tunable structural color according to the different stretching states and are fully reversible over multiple cycles, opening up avenues for diverse applications such as smart displays, stretchable strain sensors, and anticounterfeiting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Yan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xinlu Deng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Systems and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tianjiao Ma
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Kaiming Hu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Systems and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xuesong Jiang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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6
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Pan G, Li B. A dynamic biointerface controls mussel adhesion. Science 2023; 382:763-764. [PMID: 37972175 DOI: 10.1126/science.adl2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The mussel-adherent secreta interface reveals how nonliving material can be compatible with tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Pan
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Li
- Medical 3D Printing Center, Orthopedic Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Baban NS, Saha S, Jancheska S, Singh I, Khapli S, Khobdabayev M, Kim J, Bhattacharjee S, Song YA, Chakrabarty K, Karri R. Material-level countermeasures for securing microfluidic biochips. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4213-4231. [PMID: 37605818 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00335c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Flow-based microfluidic biochips (FMBs) have been rapidly commercialized and deployed in recent years for biological computing, clinical diagnostics, and point-of-care-tests (POCTs). However, outsourcing FMBs makes them susceptible to material-level attacks by malicious actors for illegitimate monetary gain. The attacks involve deliberate material degradation of an FMB's polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) components by either doping with reactive solvents or altering the PDMS curing ratio during fabrication. Such attacks are stealthy enough to evade detection and deteriorate the FMB's function. Furthermore, material-level attacks can become prevalent in attacks based on intellectual property (IP) theft, such as counterfeiting, overbuilding, etc., which involve unscrupulous third-party manufacturers. To address this problem, we present a dynamic material-level watermarking scheme for PDMS-based FMBs with microvalves using a perylene-labeled fluorescent dye. The dyed microvalves show a unique excimer intensity peak under 405 nm laser excitation. Moreover, when pneumatically actuated, the peak shows a predetermined downward shift in intensity as a function of mechanical strain. We validated this protection scheme experimentally using fluorescence microscopy, which showed a high correlation (R2 = 0.971) between the normalized excimer intensity change and the maximum principal strain of the actuated microvalves. To detect curing ratio-based attacks, we adapted machine learning (ML) models, which were trained on the force-displacement data obtained from a mechanical punch test method. Our ML models achieved more than 99% accuracy in detecting curing ratio anomalies. These countermeasures can be used to proactively safeguard FMBs against material-level attacks in the era of global pandemics and diagnostics based on POCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navajit Singh Baban
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Sohini Saha
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | - Sofija Jancheska
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Inderjeet Singh
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Sachin Khapli
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Maksat Khobdabayev
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Jongmin Kim
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Sukanta Bhattacharjee
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, India
| | - Yong-Ak Song
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Krishnendu Chakrabarty
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Ramesh Karri
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, USA
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8
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Okamura DM, Nguyen ED, Collins SJ, Yoon K, Gere JB, Weiser-Evans MCM, Beier DR, Majesky MW. Mammalian organ regeneration in spiny mice. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2023; 44:39-52. [PMID: 36131170 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-022-09631-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis-driven solid organ failure is a major world-wide health burden with few therapeutic options. Spiny mice (genus: Acomys) are terrestrial mammals that regenerate severe skin wounds without fibrotic scars to evade predators. Recent studies have shown that spiny mice also regenerate acute ischemic and traumatic injuries to kidney, heart, spinal cord, and skeletal muscle. A common feature of this evolved wound healing response is a lack of formation of fibrotic scar tissue that degrades organ function, inhibits regeneration, and leads to organ failure. Complex tissue regeneration is an extremely rare property among mammalian species. In this article, we discuss the evidence that Acomys represents an emerging model organism that offers a unique opportunity for the biomedical community to investigate and clinically translate molecular mechanisms of scarless wound healing and regeneration of organ function in a mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl M Okamura
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Avenue, M/S C9S-5, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Nguyen
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Avenue, M/S C9S-5, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Sarah J Collins
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Avenue, M/S C9S-5, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Kevin Yoon
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Avenue, M/S C9S-5, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Joshua B Gere
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Avenue, M/S C9S-5, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Mary C M Weiser-Evans
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - David R Beier
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Avenue, M/S C9S-5, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Mark W Majesky
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Avenue, M/S C9S-5, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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9
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Wilkie IC, Candia Carnevali MD. Morphological and Physiological Aspects of Mutable Collagenous Tissue at the Autotomy Plane of the Starfish Asterias rubens L. (Echinodermata, Asteroidea): An Echinoderm Paradigm. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21030138. [PMID: 36976186 PMCID: PMC10058165 DOI: 10.3390/md21030138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The mutable collagenous tissue (MCT) of echinoderms has the capacity to undergo changes in its tensile properties within a timescale of seconds under the control of the nervous system. All echinoderm autotomy (defensive self-detachment) mechanisms depend on the extreme destabilisation of mutable collagenous structures at the plane of separation. This review illustrates the role of MCT in autotomy by bringing together previously published and new information on the basal arm autotomy plane of the starfish Asterias rubens L. It focuses on the MCT components of breakage zones in the dorsolateral and ambulacral regions of the body wall, and details data on their structural organisation and physiology. Information is also provided on the extrinsic stomach retractor apparatus whose involvement in autotomy has not been previously recognised. We show that the arm autotomy plane of A. rubens is a tractable model system for addressing outstanding problems in MCT biology. It is amenable to in vitro pharmacological investigations using isolated preparations and provides an opportunity for the application of comparative proteomic analysis and other “-omics” methods which are aimed at the molecular profiling of different mechanical states and characterising effector cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain C. Wilkie
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- Correspondence: (I.C.W.); (M.D.C.C.)
| | - M. Daniela Candia Carnevali
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (I.C.W.); (M.D.C.C.)
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10
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Zhang L, Sun Y, Peng L, Fang W, Huang Q, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Li H, Liu Y, Ying Y, Fu Y. Blood-Coagulation-Inspired Dynamic Bridging Strategy for the Fabrication of Multiscale-Assembled Hierarchical Porous Material. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204702. [PMID: 36412067 PMCID: PMC9839836 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Porous materials, from macroscopic bulk materials (MBs) with (sub-)millimeter-scale pores to tiny particles (TPs) with (sub-)nanometer-scale pores, have attracted ever-growing interest in various fields. However, the integration of multi-scale pores in one composite is promising but challenging, owing to the considerable gap in the scale of the pores. Inspired by blood coagulation, a fibrin-based dynamic bridging strategy is developed to fabricate a multiscale-assembled hierarchical porous material (MHPM), in which fibrin formed as the sub-framework for the weaving-narrow of MBs and the enwinding-load of TPs. The bio-polymerization nature makes the fabrication rapid, facile, and universal for the customizable integration of seven kinds of TPs and four kinds of MBs. Besides, the integration is controllable with high load capacity of TPs and is stable against external shock forces. The unique multi-level structure endows the MHPM with large and accessible surface area, and efficient mass transfer pathways, synergistically leading to high adsorption capacity and rapid kinetics in multiple adsorption models. This work suggests a strategy for the rational multi-level design and fabrication of hierarchical porous architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
- International Research Center for X PolymersDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Yuxin Sun
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Li Peng
- International Research Center for X PolymersDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Wenzhang Fang
- International Research Center for X PolymersDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Qiao Huang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Ziyan Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Hang Li
- International Research Center for X PolymersDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Yingjun Liu
- International Research Center for X PolymersDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Yibin Ying
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Yingchun Fu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
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11
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Zhang Z, Qin C, Feng H, Xiang Y, Yu B, Pei X, Ma Y, Zhou F. Design of large-span stick-slip freely switchable hydrogels via dynamic multiscale contact synergy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6964. [PMID: 36379942 PMCID: PMC9666504 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34816-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid matter that can rapidly and reversibly switch between adhesive and non-adhesive states is desired in many technological domains including climbing robotics, actuators, wound dressings, and bioelectronics due to the ability for on-demand attachment and detachment. For most types of smart adhesive materials, however, reversible switching occurs only at narrow scales (nanoscale or microscale), which limits the realization of interchangeable surfaces with distinct adhesive states. Here, we report the design of a switchable adhesive hydrogel via dynamic multiscale contact synergy, termed as DMCS-hydrogel. The hydrogel rapidly switches between slippery (friction ~0.04 N/cm2) and sticky (adhesion ~3 N/cm2) states in the solid-solid contact process, exhibits large span, is switchable and dynamic, and features rapid adhesive switching. The design strategy of this material has wide applications ranging from programmable adhesive materials to intelligent devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhi Zhang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000 Lanzhou, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Chenxi Qin
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000 Lanzhou, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Feng
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000 Lanzhou, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Xiang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - Bo Yu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Pei
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanfei Ma
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000 Lanzhou, China
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Smolinský R, Hiadlovská Z, Maršala Š, Škrabánek P, Škrobánek M, Martínková N. High predation risk decimates survival during the reproduction season. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9407. [PMID: 36262266 PMCID: PMC9576000 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Predators attack conspicuous prey phenotypes that are present in the environment. Male display behavior of conspicuous nuptial coloration becomes risky in the presence of a predator, and adult males face higher predation risk. High predation risk in one sex will lead to low survival and sex ratio bias in adult cohorts, unless the increased predation risk is compensated by higher escape rate.Here, we tested the hypothesis that sand lizards (Lacerta agilis) have sex-specific predation risk and escape rate. We expected the differences to manifest in changes in sex ratio with age, differences in frequency of tail autotomy, and in sex-specific survival rate.We developed a statistical model to estimate predation risk and escape rate, combining the observed sex ratio and frequency of tail autotomy with likelihood-based survival rate. Using Bayesian framework, we estimated the model parameters. We projected the date of the tail autotomy events from growth rates derived from capture-recapture data measurements.We found statistically stable sex ratio in age groups, equal frequency of tail regenerates between sexes, and similar survival rate. Predation risk is similar between sexes, and escape rate increases survival by about 5%. We found low survival rate and a low number of tail autotomy events in females during months when sand lizards mate and lay eggs, indicating high predator pressure throughout reproduction. Our data show that gravid females fail to escape predation.The risks of reproduction season in an ectotherm are a convolution of morphological changes (conspicuous coloration in males and body allometry changes in gravid females), behavior (nuptial displays), and environmental conditions which challenge lizard thermal performance. Performance of endotherm predators in cold spring months endangers gravid females more than displaying males in bright nuptial coloration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radovan Smolinský
- Department of Biology, Faculty of EducationMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Zuzana Hiadlovská
- Institute of Animal Physiology and GeneticsCzech Academy of SciencesBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Štěpán Maršala
- Institute of Automation and Computer ScienceBrno University of TechnologyBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Pavel Škrabánek
- Institute of Automation and Computer ScienceBrno University of TechnologyBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Michal Škrobánek
- Department of Biology, Faculty of EducationMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Natália Martínková
- Institute of Vertebrate BiologyCzech Academy of SciencesBrnoCzech Republic
- RECETOX, Faculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
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Simha KRY. Decoding lizard tail autotomy: Autonomous or actuated? J Biosci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-022-00270-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Karlin KD, Hota PK, Kim B. Concluding remarks: discussion on natural and artificial enzymes including synthetic models. Faraday Discuss 2022; 234:388-404. [PMID: 35507381 PMCID: PMC9148554 DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00073c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper overviews the final remarks lecture delivered (by K. D. K.) at the end of this bioinorganic chemistry Faraday Discussion, held online for a worldwide audience from January 31 - February 3, 2022. This paper provides discussion in six sections: (1) the Introductory lecture, from Ed Solomon, emphasized past and present uses of advanced spectroscopic methods and theoretical approaches to elucidate metalloenzyme active site structure, physical properties and function. (2) The discussion topics are divided into groups having similar research themes, as seen from this author's perspective. Emphasis is given to the non-heme iron group of articles with dioxygen activation research. (3) Small molecule activation (e.g., N2, CO2 and O2 reduction; CH4 or H2O oxidation) is widely covered in this discussion; this authors' view of the important reactions in bioinorganic chemistry is discussed. (4) We discuss current practice and vision for employing materials chemistry to widely apply to electrocatalytic methods to effect small molecule activation (as above) to fulfill societal energy demands. (5) A discussion is given on the topic of synthetic models and the approach utilized therein. (6) New research on the authors' synthetic modeling is presented; preliminary results are given in the area of copper mediated peroxide activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D Karlin
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.
| | - Pradip K Hota
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.
| | - Bohee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.
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Baban NS, Song YA. Rational design of bioinspired tissue adhesives. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e784. [PMID: 35389563 PMCID: PMC8989077 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Navajit S Baban
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yong-Ak Song
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, USA
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