1
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Weber T, Bajramovic J, Oredsson S. Preparation of a universally usable, animal product free, defined medium for 2D and 3D culturing of normal and cancer cells. MethodsX 2024; 12:102592. [PMID: 38445175 PMCID: PMC10912720 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Since 1958, cell culture media supplemented with fetal bovine serum is used, despite the well-known concerns about animal welfare, reproducibility, reliability, relevance, and safety. To obliterate these concerns and increase scientific accuracy, we recently published an open access, publicly available paper on a defined medium composition to make it possible for any lab to prepare this medium. The medium supports routine culturing and cell banking as well as investigations of growth curves, dose response testing of compounds of cells in 2D and 3D, and cell migration; all important aspects for research and toxicology. Here we give a detailed description of how to mix the defined universal cell culture medium in 14 simple steps to support any entity that wishes to make it. We also list different normal and cancer cell lines that have been cultured in the defined medium.•Open source composition of animal product free universal cell culture medium•Protocols for mixing solutions of small xeno free molecules for supplementation•Protocols for mixing solutions of human proteins for supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilo Weber
- Animal Welfare Academy of the German Animal Welfare Federation, Neubiberg 85579, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Jeffrey Bajramovic
- 3Rs Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CJ, The Netherlands
| | - Stina Oredsson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund 22362, Sweden
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2
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Ni J, Wei H, Ji W, Xue Y, Zhu F, Wang C, Jiang Y, Mao L. Aptamer-Based Potentiometric Sensor Enables Highly Selective and Neurocompatible Neurochemical Sensing in Rat Brain. ACS Sens 2024; 9:2447-2454. [PMID: 38659329 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Selective and nondisruptive in vivo neurochemical monitoring within the central nervous system has long been a challenging endeavor. We introduce a new sensing approach that integrates neurocompatible galvanic redox potentiometry (GRP) with customizable phosphorothioate aptamers to specifically probe dopamine (DA) dynamics in live rat brains. The aptamer-functionalized GRP (aptGRP) sensor demonstrates nanomolar sensitivity and over a 10-fold selectivity for DA, even amidst physiological levels of major interfering species. Notably, conventional sensors without the aptamer modification exhibit negligible reactivity to DA concentrations exceeding 20 μM. Critically, the aptGRP sensor operates without altering neuronal activity, thereby permitting real-time, concurrent recordings of both DA flux and electrical signaling in vivo. This breakthrough establishes aptGRP as a viable and promising framework for the development of high-fidelity sensors, offering novel insights into neurotransmission dynamics in a live setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiping Ni
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, P.R. China
| | - Huan Wei
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Wenliang Ji
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Yifei Xue
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Fenghui Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Chunxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, P.R. China
| | - Ying Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
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3
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Bayer J, Högger P. Review of the pharmacokinetics of French maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol ®) in humans. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1389422. [PMID: 38757126 PMCID: PMC11096517 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1389422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The French maritime pine bark extract Pycnogenol® is a proprietary product from Pinus pinaster Aiton. It complies with the quality specifications in the United States Pharmacopeia monograph "Pine extract" in the section of dietary supplements. Pycnogenol® is standardized to contain 65-75% procyanidins which are a variety of biopolymers consisting of catechin and epicatechin monomeric units. The effects of Pycnogenol® have been researched in a multitude of human studies. The basis for any in vivo activity is the bioavailability of constituents and metabolites of the extract. General principles of compound absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination as well as specific data from studies with Pycnogenol® are summarized and discussed in this review. Based on plasma concentration profiles it can be concluded that low molecular weight constituents of the extract, such as catechin, caffeic and ferulic acid, taxifolin are readily absorbed from the small intestine into systemic circulation. Procyanidin oligomers and polymers are subjected to gut microbial degradation in the large intestine yielding small bioavailable metabolites such as 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone. After intake of Pycnogenol®, constituents and metabolites have been also detected in blood cells, synovial fluid and saliva indicating a substantial distribution in compartments other than serum. In studies simultaneously investigating concentrations in different specimen, a preferential distribution of individual compounds has been observed, e.g., of ferulic acid and 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone into synovial fluid compared to serum. The main route of elimination of constituents and metabolites of the French pine bark extract is the renal excretion. The broad knowledge accumulated regarding the pharmacokinetics of compounds and metabolites of Pycnogenol® constitute a rational basis for effects characterized on a cellular level and observed in human clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Petra Högger
- Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Kang KM, Lee DB, Kim HY. Industrial Research and Development on the Production Process and Quality of Cultured Meat Hold Significant Value: A Review. Food Sci Anim Resour 2024; 44:499-514. [PMID: 38765282 PMCID: PMC11097020 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2024.e20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cultured meat has been gaining popularity as a solution to the increasing problem of food insecurity. Although research on cultured meat started later compared to other alternative meats, the industry is growing rapidly every year, with developed products evaluated as being most similar to conventional meat. Studies on cultured meat production techniques, such as culturing new animal cells and developing medium sera and scaffolds, are being conducted intensively and diversely. However, active in-depth research on the quality characteristics of cultured meat, including studies on the sensory and storage properties that directly influence consumer preferences, is still lacking. Additionally, studies on the combination or ratio of fat cells to muscle cells and on the improvement of microbiota, protein degradation, and fatty acid degradation remain to be conducted. By actively investigating these research topics, we aim to verify the quality and safety of cultured meats, ultimately improving the consumer preference for cultured meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Min Kang
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea
| | - Dong Bae Lee
- School of Languages and Cultures, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Hack-Youn Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea
- Resource Science Research Institute, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea
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5
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Cochrane S, Rajagopal R, Sheffield D, Stewart F, Hathaway L, Barnes NM, Qureshi O, Gordon J. Impact of a varied set of stimuli on a suite of immunological parameters within peripheral blood mononuclear cells: toward a non-animal approach for assessing immune modulation by materials intended for human use. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2024; 6:1335110. [PMID: 38737195 PMCID: PMC11082367 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2024.1335110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In toxicology, steps are being taken towards more mechanism-focused and human relevant approaches to risk assessment, requiring new approaches and methods. Additionally, there is increasing emphasis by regulators on risk assessment of immunotoxicity. Methods: Here we present data from a peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) system whereby a varied set of stimuli, including those against the TCR and Toll-like receptors, enable readouts of cytokine and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production with monocyte, T cell and B cell viability, proliferation, and associated activation markers. In addition to results on the impact of the stimuli used, initial profiling data for a case study chemical, curcumin, is presented, illustrating how the system can be used to generate information on the impact of exogenous materials on three major constituent immune cell subsets for use in risk assessment and to direct follow-on studies. Results: The different stimuli drove distinct responses, not only in relation to the "quantity" of the response but also the "quality". Curcumin had a limited impact on the B cell parameters measured, with the stimuli used, and it was noted that in contrast to T cells where there was either no impact or a reduction in viability and proliferation with increasing concentration, for B cells there was a small but significant increase in both measurements at curcumin concentrations below 20 µM. Similarly, whilst expression of activation markers by T cells was reduced by the highest concentration of curcumin, they were increased in B cells. Curcumin only impacted the viability of stimulated monocytes at the highest concentration and had differential impact on different activation markers. Levels of all cytokines and PGE2 were reduced at higher concentrations. Discussion: Although the platform has certain limitations, it nevertheless enables assessment of healthy baseline monocyte, T-, and B-cell responses, and scrutiny of the impact of different stimuli to detect potential immune suppression or enhancement from exogenous materials. In the case of curcumin, a pattern of responses indicative of immune suppressive / anti-inflammatory effects was detected. It is an accessible, highly modifiable system that can be used to screen materials and guide further studies, providing a holistic, integrated picture of effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Cochrane
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre (SEAC), Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, United Kingdom
| | - Ramya Rajagopal
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre (SEAC), Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, United Kingdom
| | - David Sheffield
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre (SEAC), Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, United Kingdom
| | - Fay Stewart
- Celentyx Ltd., Birmingham Research Park, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay Hathaway
- Celentyx Ltd., Birmingham Research Park, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas M. Barnes
- Celentyx Ltd., Birmingham Research Park, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute for Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Omar Qureshi
- Celentyx Ltd., Birmingham Research Park, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - John Gordon
- Celentyx Ltd., Birmingham Research Park, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Lee DY, Han D, Lee SY, Yun SH, Lee J, Mariano E, Choi Y, Kim JS, Park J, Hur SJ. Preliminary study on comparison of egg extraction methods for development of fetal bovine serum substitutes in cultured meat. Food Chem X 2024; 21:101202. [PMID: 38434697 PMCID: PMC10904906 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Fetal bovine serum (FBS) substitution remains one of the challenges to the realization of cultured meat production in the marketplace. In this study, three methods were developed to extract a substitute for FBS using egg white extract (EWE): using 25 mM CaCl2/2.5 % ammonium sulfate/citric acid (A); ethyl alcohol (B); and 5 % ammonium sulfate/citric acid (C). B EWE can effectively replace up to 50 % of FBS in growth media (10 % of the total). Ovalbumin in the extracts can promote cell proliferation, and components along the 12 kDa protein band have the potential to inhibit cell proliferation. Chick primary muscle cells applied with B EWE, an edible material that improved the cost and time efficiency of cultured meat production, effectively proliferated/differentiated. Therefore, EWE extracted using ethyl alcohol may be used as an FBS substitute to reduce animal sacrifices and should be considered a viable alternative to FBS for cultured meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Young Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Dahee Han
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Seung Yun Lee
- Division of Animal Science, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyeon Yun
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Juhyun Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Ermie Mariano
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Yeongwoo Choi
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Jin Soo Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Jinmo Park
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Sun Jin Hur
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
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7
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Kaya ZB, Santiago-Padilla V, Lim M, Boschen SL, Atilla P, McLean PJ. Optimizing SH-SY5Y cell culture: exploring the beneficial effects of an alternative media supplement on cell proliferation and viability. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4775. [PMID: 38413790 PMCID: PMC10899233 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55516-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
In the quest to unravel the mysteries of neurological diseases, comprehending the underlying mechanisms is supreme. The SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line serves as a crucial tool in this endeavor; however, the cells are known for its sensitivity and slow proliferation rates. Typically, this cell line is cultured with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) supplement. Nu-Serum (NuS), a low-protein alternative to FBS, is promising to advance cell culture practices. Herein, we evaluated the substitution of NuS for FBS to test the hypothesis that an alternative serum supplement can aid and promote SH-SY5Y cell proliferation and differentiation. Our findings revealed that the NuS-supplemented group exhibited a notable increase in adhered cells compared to both the FBS and serum-free (SF) groups. Importantly, cell viability remained high in both sera treated groups, with the NuS-supplemented cells displaying significantly larger cell sizes compared to the SF-treated group. Furthermore, cell proliferation rates were higher in the NuS-treated group, and neuroblast-like morphology was observed earlier than FBS group. Notably, both FBS and NuS supported the differentiation of these cells into mature neurons. Our data supports NuS as an alternative for SH-SY5Y cell culture, with the potential to elevate the quality of research in the neuroscience field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Bengisu Kaya
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | | | - Melina Lim
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Suelen L Boschen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Pergin Atilla
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pamela J McLean
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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Chen X, Fazel Anvari-Yazdi A, Duan X, Zimmerling A, Gharraei R, Sharma N, Sweilem S, Ning L. Biomaterials / bioinks and extrusion bioprinting. Bioact Mater 2023; 28:511-536. [PMID: 37435177 PMCID: PMC10331419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioinks are formulations of biomaterials and living cells, sometimes with growth factors or other biomolecules, while extrusion bioprinting is an emerging technique to apply or deposit these bioinks or biomaterial solutions to create three-dimensional (3D) constructs with architectures and mechanical/biological properties that mimic those of native human tissue or organs. Printed constructs have found wide applications in tissue engineering for repairing or treating tissue/organ injuries, as well as in vitro tissue modelling for testing or validating newly developed therapeutics and vaccines prior to their use in humans. Successful printing of constructs and their subsequent applications rely on the properties of the formulated bioinks, including the rheological, mechanical, and biological properties, as well as the printing process. This article critically reviews the latest developments in bioinks and biomaterial solutions for extrusion bioprinting, focusing on bioink synthesis and characterization, as well as the influence of bioink properties on the printing process. Key issues and challenges are also discussed along with recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- X.B. Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, S7K 5A9, Saskatoon, Canada
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, S7K 5A9, Canada
| | - A. Fazel Anvari-Yazdi
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, S7K 5A9, Canada
| | - X. Duan
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, S7K 5A9, Canada
| | - A. Zimmerling
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, S7K 5A9, Canada
| | - R. Gharraei
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, S7K 5A9, Canada
| | - N.K. Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, S7K 5A9, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - S. Sweilem
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - L. Ning
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
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Klimpel M, Terrao M, Ching N, Climenti V, Noll T, Pirzas V, Laux H. Development of a perfusion process for continuous lentivirus production using stable suspension producer cell lines. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:2622-2638. [PMID: 37148430 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The large-scale production of clinical-grade lentiviral vectors (LVs) for gene therapy applications is a remaining challenge. The use of adherent cell lines and methods like transient transfection are cost-intensive and hamper process scalability as well as reproducibility. This study describes the use of two suspension-adapted stable packaging cell lines, called GPRGs and GPRTGs, for the development of a scalable and serum-free LV production process. Both stable packaging cell lines are based on an inducible Tet-off system, thus requiring doxycycline removal for initiation of the virus production. Therefore, we compared different methods for doxycycline removal and inoculated three independent 5 L bioreactors using a scalable induction method by dilution, an acoustic cell washer and manual centrifugation. The bioreactors were inoculated with a stable producer cell line encoding for a LV carrying a clinically relevant gene. LV production was performed in perfusion mode using a cell retention device based on acoustic wave separation. Comparable cell-specific productivities were obtained with all three methods and cumulative functional yields up to 6.36 × 1011 transducing units per bioreactor were generated in a 234-h long process, demonstrating the usability of stable Tet-off cell lines for an easily scalable suspension process. Remarkably, cell viabilities >90% were maintained at high cell densities without compromising productivity throughout the whole process, allowing to further extend the process time. Given its low effects of toxicity during virus production, the presented cell lines are excellent candidates to develop a fully continuous LV production process to overcome the existing bottlenecks in LV manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Klimpel
- Biopharmaceutical Product Development, CSL Behring Innovation GmbH, Marburg, Germany
| | - Monica Terrao
- Biopharmaceutical Product Development, CSL Behring Innovation GmbH, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nilakshi Ching
- Biopharmaceutical Product Development, CSL Behring Innovation GmbH, Marburg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Climenti
- Biopharmaceutical Product Development, CSL Behring Innovation GmbH, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Noll
- Chair for Cell Culture Technology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Vicky Pirzas
- Biopharmaceutical Product Development, CSL Behring Innovation GmbH, Marburg, Germany
| | - Holger Laux
- Biopharmaceutical Product Development, CSL Behring Innovation GmbH, Marburg, Germany
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Jakl V, Popp T, Haupt J, Port M, Roesler R, Wiese S, Friemert B, Rojewski MT, Schrezenmeier H. Effect of Expansion Media on Functional Characteristics of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2105. [PMID: 37626914 PMCID: PMC10453497 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) has been shown to rely on their immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. In order to obtain sufficient numbers of cells for clinical applications, MSCs have to be expanded ex vivo. Expansion media with xenogeneic-free (XF) growth-promoting supplements like human platelet lysate (PL) or serum- and xenogeneic-free (SF/XF) formulations have been established as safe and efficient, and both groups provide different beneficial qualities. In this study, MSCs were expanded in XF or SF/XF media as well as in mixtures thereof. MSCs cultured in these media were analyzed for phenotypic and functional properties. MSC expansion was optimal with SF/XF conditions when PL was present. Metabolic patterns, consumption of growth factors, and secretome of MSCs differed depending on the type and concentration of supplement. The lactate per glucose yield increased along with a higher proportion of PL. Many factors in the supernatant of cultured MSCs showed distinct patterns depending on the supplement (e.g., FGF-2, TGFβ, and insulin only in PL-expanded MSC, and leptin, sCD40L PDGF-AA only in SF/XF-expanded MSC). This also resulted in changes in cell characteristics like migratory potential. These findings support current approaches where growth media may be utilized for priming MSCs for specific therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Jakl
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (V.J.)
| | - Tanja Popp
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, 80937 Munich, Germany (J.H.); (M.P.)
| | - Julian Haupt
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, 80937 Munich, Germany (J.H.); (M.P.)
- Clinic for Trauma Surgery and Orthopedics, Army Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, 80937 Munich, Germany (J.H.); (M.P.)
| | - Reinhild Roesler
- Core Unit of Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (R.R.); (S.W.)
| | - Sebastian Wiese
- Core Unit of Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (R.R.); (S.W.)
| | - Benedikt Friemert
- Clinic for Trauma Surgery and Orthopedics, Army Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus T. Rojewski
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (V.J.)
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg—Hessia and University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (V.J.)
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg—Hessia and University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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11
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Rudzinskas SA, Goff AC, Mazzu MA, Schiller CE, Meltzer-Brody S, Rubinow DR, Schmidt PJ, Goldman D. Intrinsically dysregulated cellular stress signaling genes and gene networks in postpartum depression. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3023-3032. [PMID: 36782063 PMCID: PMC10507674 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-01985-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women. Clinically, the administration and withdrawal of supraphysiologic estradiol and progesterone (E2 + P) can cause affective symptom reoccurrence in women with a history of PPD, but not matched controls. To investigate the cellular basis underlying this differential affective response, lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) were derived from women with and without past PPD and compared transcriptomically in hormone conditions mimicking pregnancy and parturition: supraphysiologic E2 + P-addback; supraphysiologic E2 + P-withdrawal; and no added E2 + P (Baseline). RNA-sequencing identified unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in all hormone conditions, but the majority tended to be downregulated in PPD and observed in E2 + P-addback. Two of these DEGs were evolutionarily conserved cellular stress regulators: IMPACT, an integrative response protein maintaining translational homeostasis, and WWTR1, a transcriptional coactivator in the 'Hippo' pathway mediating cell proliferation and survival. Correspondingly, significant gene network modules were linked to cell cycle progression, estrogen response, and immune dysregulation, suggesting innate differences in intracellular signaling in PPD. In certain hormone conditions, PPD LCLs displayed increased GATA3 expression (an upstream regulator of IMPACT and WWTR1) and differentially phosphorylated eiF2α (the ultimate downstream target of IMPACT). Taken together, these transcriptomic data primarily implicate innately dysregulated cellular responses as potentially influencing mood and/or escalating PPD risk. Furthermore, the intrinsic downregulation of IMPACT's translation and WWTR1's transcription networks may suggest a novel link between PPD and a compromised ability to maintain homeostasis in the context of cellular stress occurring during pregnancy and parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Rudzinskas
- Behavioral Endocrinology Branch, NIMH, Bldg. 10CRC, Room 25330, 10 Center Drive MSC 1277, Bethesda, 20892-1277, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Allison C Goff
- Behavioral Endocrinology Branch, NIMH, Bldg. 10CRC, Room 25330, 10 Center Drive MSC 1277, Bethesda, 20892-1277, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria A Mazzu
- Behavioral Endocrinology Branch, NIMH, Bldg. 10CRC, Room 25330, 10 Center Drive MSC 1277, Bethesda, 20892-1277, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - David R Rubinow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Peter J Schmidt
- Behavioral Endocrinology Branch, NIMH, Bldg. 10CRC, Room 25330, 10 Center Drive MSC 1277, Bethesda, 20892-1277, MD, USA.
| | - David Goldman
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
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12
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Rudzinskas SA, Mazzu MA, Schiller CE, Meltzer-Brody S, Rubinow DR, Schmidt PJ, Goldman D. Divergent Transcriptomic Effects of Allopregnanolone in Postpartum Depression. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1234. [PMID: 37372414 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brexanolone, a formulation of the neurosteroid allopregnanolone (ALLO), is approved for treating postpartum depression (PPD) and is being investigated for therapeutic efficacy across numerous neuropsychiatric disorders. Given ALLO's beneficial effects on mood in women with PPD compared to healthy control women, we sought to characterize and compare the cellular response to ALLO in women with (n = 9) or without (n = 10, i.e., Controls) past PPD, utilizing our previously established patient-derived lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). To mimic in vivo PPD ALLO-treatment, LCLs were exposed to ALLO or DMSO vehicle for 60 h and RNA-sequenced to detect differentially expressed genes (DEGs, pnominal < 0.05). Between ALLO-treated Control and PPD LCLs, 269 DEGs were identified, including Glutamate Decarboxylase 1 (GAD1), which was decreased 2-fold in PPD. Network analysis of PPD:ALLO DEGs revealed enriched terms related to synaptic activity and cholesterol biosynthesis. Within-diagnosis analyses (i.e., DMSO vs. ALLO) detected 265 ALLO-induced DEGs in Control LCLs compared to only 98 within PPD LCLs, with just 11 DEGs overlapping. Likewise, the gene ontologies underlying ALLO-induced DEGs in PPD and Control LCLs were divergent. These data suggest that ALLO may activate unique and opposing molecular pathways in women with PPD, which may be tied to its antidepressant mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Rudzinskas
- Behavioral Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), NIH, 10 Center Drive MSC 1277, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), NIH, Rockville, MD 20855, USA
| | - Maria A Mazzu
- Behavioral Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), NIH, 10 Center Drive MSC 1277, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), NIH, Rockville, MD 20855, USA
| | | | | | - David R Rubinow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Peter J Schmidt
- Behavioral Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), NIH, 10 Center Drive MSC 1277, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David Goldman
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), NIH, Rockville, MD 20855, USA
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13
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Duarte AC, Costa EC, Filipe HAL, Saraiva SM, Jacinto T, Miguel SP, Ribeiro MP, Coutinho P. Animal-derived products in science and current alternatives. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 151:213428. [PMID: 37146527 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
More than fifty years after the 3Rs definition and despite the continuous implementation of regulatory measures, animals continue to be widely used in basic research. Their use comprises not only in vivo experiments with animal models, but also the production of a variety of supplements and products of animal origin for cell and tissue culture, cell-based assays, and therapeutics. The animal-derived products most used in basic research are fetal bovine serum (FBS), extracellular matrix proteins such as Matrigel™, and antibodies. However, their production raises several ethical issues regarding animal welfare. Additionally, their biological origin is associated with a high risk of contamination, resulting, frequently, in poor scientific data for clinical translation. These issues support the search for new animal-free products able to replace FBS, Matrigel™, and antibodies in basic research. In addition, in silico methodologies play an important role in the reduction of animal use in research by refining the data previously to in vitro and in vivo experiments. In this review, we depicted the current available animal-free alternatives in in vitro research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Duarte
- CPIRN/IPG - Centro de Potencial e Inovação em Recursos Naturais, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda (CPIRN/IPG), 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal; CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Elisabete C Costa
- CPIRN/IPG - Centro de Potencial e Inovação em Recursos Naturais, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda (CPIRN/IPG), 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
| | - Hugo A L Filipe
- CPIRN/IPG - Centro de Potencial e Inovação em Recursos Naturais, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda (CPIRN/IPG), 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
| | - Sofia M Saraiva
- CPIRN/IPG - Centro de Potencial e Inovação em Recursos Naturais, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda (CPIRN/IPG), 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
| | - Telma Jacinto
- CPIRN/IPG - Centro de Potencial e Inovação em Recursos Naturais, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda (CPIRN/IPG), 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
| | - Sónia P Miguel
- CPIRN/IPG - Centro de Potencial e Inovação em Recursos Naturais, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda (CPIRN/IPG), 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal; CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Maximiano P Ribeiro
- CPIRN/IPG - Centro de Potencial e Inovação em Recursos Naturais, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda (CPIRN/IPG), 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal; CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Paula Coutinho
- CPIRN/IPG - Centro de Potencial e Inovação em Recursos Naturais, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda (CPIRN/IPG), 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal; CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
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14
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Rafnsdóttir ÓB, Kiuru A, Tebäck M, Friberg N, Revstedt P, Zhu J, Thomasson S, Czopek A, Malakpour-Permlid A, Weber T, Oredsson S. A new animal product free defined medium for 2D and 3D culturing of normal and cancer cells to study cell proliferation and migration as well as dose response to chemical treatment. Toxicol Rep 2023; 10:509-520. [PMID: 37396848 PMCID: PMC10313884 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell culturing methods are increasingly used to reduce and replace the use of live animals in biomedical research and chemical toxicity testing. Although live animals are avoided when using cell culturing methods, they often contain animal-derived components of which one of the most commonly used is foetal bovine serum (FBS). FBS is added to cell culture media among other supplements to support cell attachment/spreading and cell proliferation. The safety, batch-to-batch variation, and ethical problems with FBS are acknowledged and therefore world-wide efforts are ongoing to produce FBS free media. Here, we present the composition of a new defined medium with only human proteins either recombinant or derived from human tissues. This defined medium supports long-term culturing/routine culturing of normal cells and of cancer cells, and can be used for freezing and thawing of cells, i.e. for cell banking. Here, we show for our defined medium, growth curves and dose response curves of cells grown in two and three dimensions, and applications such as cell migration. Cell morphology was studied in real time by phase contrast and phase holographic microscopy time-lapse imaging. The cell lines used are human cancer-associated fibroblasts, keratinocytes, breast cancer JIMT-1 and MDA-MB-231 cells, colon cancer CaCo-2 cells, and pancreatic cancer MiaPaCa-2 cells as well as the mouse L929 cell line. In conclusion, we present the composition of a defined medium without animal-derived products which can be used for routine culturing and in experimental settings for normal cells and for cancer cells, i.e. our defined medium provides a leap towards a universal animal product free cell culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ólöf Birna Rafnsdóttir
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Anna Kiuru
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
- Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mattis Tebäck
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Johan Zhu
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
- Clinical Microbiology and Infection Prevention and Control, Region Skåne, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sofia Thomasson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
- Atos Medical AB, 242 35 Hörby, Sweden
| | | | - Atena Malakpour-Permlid
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tilo Weber
- Animal Welfare Academy of the German Animal Welfare Federation, 85579 Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Stina Oredsson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
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15
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Penning LC, van den Boom R. Companion animal organoid technology to advance veterinary regenerative medicine. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1032835. [PMID: 37008367 PMCID: PMC10063859 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1032835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
First year medical and veterinary students are made very aware that drugs can have very different effects in various species or even in breeds of one specific species. On the other hand, the “One Medicine” concept implies that therapeutic and technical approaches are exchangeable between man and animals. These opposing views on the (dis)similarities between human and veterinary medicine are magnified in regenerative medicine. Regenerative medicine promises to stimulate the body's own regenerative capacity via activation of stem cells and/or the application of instructive biomaterials. Although the potential is enormous, so are the hurdles that need to be overcome before large scale clinical implementation is realistic. It is in the advancement of regenerative medicine that veterinary regenerative medicine can play an instrumental and crucial role. This review describes the discovery of (adult) stem cells in domesticated animals, mainly cats and dogs. The promise of cell-mediated regenerative veterinary medicine is compared to the actual achievements, and this will lead to a set of unanswered questions (controversies, research gaps, potential developments in relation to fundamental, pre-clinical, and clinical research). For veterinary regenerative medicine to have impact, either for human medicine and/or for domesticated animals, answering these questions is pivotal.
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16
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Basatvat S, Bach FC, Barcellona MN, Binch AL, Buckley CT, Bueno B, Chahine NO, Chee A, Creemers LB, Dudli S, Fearing B, Ferguson SJ, Gansau J, Gantenbein B, Gawri R, Glaeser JD, Grad S, Guerrero J, Haglund L, Hernandez PA, Hoyland JA, Huang C, Iatridis JC, Illien‐Junger S, Jing L, Kraus P, Laagland LT, Lang G, Leung V, Li Z, Lufkin T, van Maanen JC, McDonnell EE, Panebianco CJ, Presciutti SM, Rao S, Richardson SM, Romereim S, Schmitz TC, Schol J, Setton L, Sheyn D, Snuggs JW, Sun Y, Tan X, Tryfonidou MA, Vo N, Wang D, Williams B, Williams R, Yoon ST, Le Maitre CL. Harmonization and standardization of nucleus pulposus cell extraction and culture methods. JOR Spine 2023; 6:e1238. [PMID: 36994456 PMCID: PMC10041384 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In vitro studies using nucleus pulposus (NP) cells are commonly used to investigate disc cell biology and pathogenesis, or to aid in the development of new therapies. However, lab-to-lab variability jeopardizes the much-needed progress in the field. Here, an international group of spine scientists collaborated to standardize extraction and expansion techniques for NP cells to reduce variability, improve comparability between labs and improve utilization of funding and resources. Methods The most commonly applied methods for NP cell extraction, expansion, and re-differentiation were identified using a questionnaire to research groups worldwide. NP cell extraction methods from rat, rabbit, pig, dog, cow, and human NP tissue were experimentally assessed. Expansion and re-differentiation media and techniques were also investigated. Results Recommended protocols are provided for extraction, expansion, and re-differentiation of NP cells from common species utilized for NP cell culture. Conclusions This international, multilab and multispecies study identified cell extraction methods for greater cell yield and fewer gene expression changes by applying species-specific pronase usage, 60-100 U/ml collagenase for shorter durations. Recommendations for NP cell expansion, passage number, and many factors driving successful cell culture in different species are also addressed to support harmonization, rigor, and cross-lab comparisons on NP cells worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frances C. Bach
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Marcos N. Barcellona
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublinIreland
| | - Abbie L. Binch
- Biomolecular Sciences Research CentreSheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldUK
| | - Conor T. Buckley
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublinIreland
| | - Brian Bueno
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of OrthopaedicsIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Nadeen O. Chahine
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Biomedical EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Ana Chee
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Laura B. Creemers
- Department of OrthopedicsUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Stefan Dudli
- Center for Experimental RheumatologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Bailey Fearing
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryAtrium Health Musculoskeletal InstituteCharlotteNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Jennifer Gansau
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of OrthopaedicsIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Benjamin Gantenbein
- Bone & Joint Program, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Medical FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department for Orthopedics and Traumatology, Insel University HospitalUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Rahul Gawri
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of SurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealCanada
- Regenerative Orthopaedics and Innovation LaboratoryMcGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | | | | | - Julien Guerrero
- Bone & Joint Program, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Medical FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Center of Dental Medicine, Oral Biotechnology & BioengineeringUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Lisbet Haglund
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of SurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Paula A. Hernandez
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
| | - Judith A. Hoyland
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Charles Huang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MiamiCoral GablesFloridaUSA
| | - James C. Iatridis
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of OrthopaedicsIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Liufang Jing
- Department of OrthopaedicsEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Petra Kraus
- Department of OrthopaedicsEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
- Department of BiologyClarkson UniversityPotsdamNew YorkUSA
| | - Lisanne T. Laagland
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Gernot Lang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of MedicineAlbert‐Ludwigs‐University of FreiburgFreiburg im BreisgauGermany
| | - Victor Leung
- Department of Orthopaedics & TraumatologyThe University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
| | - Zhen Li
- AO Research Institute DavosDavosSwitzerland
| | - Thomas Lufkin
- Department of BiologyClarkson UniversityPotsdamNew YorkUSA
| | - Josette C. van Maanen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Emily E. McDonnell
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublinIreland
| | - Chris J. Panebianco
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of OrthopaedicsIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Sanjna Rao
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of OrthopaedicsIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Stephen M. Richardson
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Sarah Romereim
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryAtrium Health Musculoskeletal InstituteCharlotteNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Tara C. Schmitz
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Jordy Schol
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryTokai University School of MedicineIseharaJapan
| | - Lori Setton
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Orthopedic SurgeryWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | | | - Joseph W. Snuggs
- Biomolecular Sciences Research CentreSheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldUK
| | - Y. Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics & TraumatologyThe University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
| | - Xiaohong Tan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Marianna A. Tryfonidou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Nam Vo
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Brandon Williams
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Rebecca Williams
- Biomolecular Sciences Research CentreSheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldUK
| | - S. Tim Yoon
- Department of OrthopaedicsEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Christine L. Le Maitre
- Biomolecular Sciences Research CentreSheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldUK
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldSouth YorkshireUK
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17
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Fetal bovine serum, an important factor affecting the reproducibility of cell experiments. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1942. [PMID: 36732616 PMCID: PMC9894865 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is a natural medium used in cell cultures containing the large amount of nutrients necessary for cell growth and is often used for in vitro cultures of animal cells. Although FBS plays a vital role in cell cultures, there are small molecules contained within FBS that remain unidentified, and their effects on cultured cells is poorly understood. Here, we report that different brands of FBS have varying influences on the background expression of IL-8, not TNFα and IL1β in epithelial cells. The endogenous small molecules in FBS and ERK pathways may contribute to these effects. In addition, FBS form the IL-8 stimulation and IL-8 non-responsive groups have different metabolome profiles. Overall, our study suggests that metabolites in FBS should be included in the quantitative considerations when conducting cell experiments, especially immune-related experiments, to improve the repeatability of experimental results in scientific papers; IL-8 could thus be an important factor in selecting FBS.
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18
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Chary A. Culturing Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells in a Serum-Free Environment. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2645:165-172. [PMID: 37202617 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3056-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 is commonly used in cancer research as a model of malignant alveolar type II epithelial cells. A549 cells are frequently cultured in Ham's F12K (Kaighn's) or Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM), supplemented with glutamine and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). However, the use of FBS presents significant scientific concerns, such as the presence of undefined components and batch-to-batch variation leading to possible reproducibility issues in experiments and readouts. This chapter describes how to transition A549 cells to FBS-free medium and gives some insights on the further characterizations and functionality assays that would be necessary to perform for the validation of the cultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Chary
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
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19
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Korntner SH, Di Nubila A, Gaspar D, Zeugolis DI. Macromolecular crowding in animal component-free, xeno-free and foetal bovine serum media for human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell expansion and differentiation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1136827. [PMID: 36949882 PMCID: PMC10025396 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1136827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cell culture media containing undefined animal-derived components and prolonged in vitro culture periods in the absence of native extracellular matrix result in phenotypic drift of human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs). Methods: Herein, we assessed whether animal component-free (ACF) or xeno-free (XF) media formulations maintain hBMSC phenotypic characteristics more effectively than foetal bovine serum (FBS)-based media. In addition, we assessed whether tissue-specific extracellular matrix, induced via macromolecular crowding (MMC) during expansion and/or differentiation, can more tightly control hBMSC fate. Results: Cells expanded in animal component-free media showed overall the highest phenotype maintenance, as judged by cluster of differentiation expression analysis. Contrary to FBS media, ACF and XF media increased cellularity over time in culture, as measured by total DNA concentration. While MMC with Ficoll™ increased collagen deposition of cells in FBS media, FBS media induced significantly lower collagen synthesis and/or deposition than the ACF and XF media. Cells expanded in FBS media showed higher adipogenic differentiation than ACF and XF media, which was augmented by MMC with Ficoll™ during expansion. Similarly, Ficoll™ crowding also increased chondrogenic differentiation. Of note, donor-to-donor variability was observed for collagen type I deposition and trilineage differentiation capacity of hBMSCs. Conclusion: Collectively, our data indicate that appropriate screening of donors, media and supplements, in this case MMC agent, should be conducted for the development of clinically relevant hBMSC medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie H. Korntner
- Regenerative, Modular and Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL) and Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Alessia Di Nubila
- Regenerative, Modular and Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL) and Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Diana Gaspar
- Regenerative, Modular and Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL) and Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Dimitrios I. Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular and Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL) and Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Regenerative, Modular and Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Charles Institute of Dermatology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Dimitrios I. Zeugolis,
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20
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Transcription Factors STAT3 and MYC Are Key Players of Human Platelet Lysate-Induced Cell Proliferation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415782. [PMID: 36555426 PMCID: PMC9781157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human platelet lysate (HPL) is an efficient alternative for animal serum supplements, significantly enhancing stromal cell proliferation. However, the molecular mechanism behind this growth-promoting effect remains elusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of HPL on cell cycle gene expression in different human stromal cells and to identify the main key players that mediate HPL's growth-enhancing effect. RT-qPCR and an antibody array revealed significant upregulation of cell cycle genes in stromal cells cultured in HPL. As HPL is rich in growth factors that are ligands of tyrosine kinase receptor (TKR) pathways, we used TKR inhibitors and could significantly reduce cell proliferation. Genome profiling, RT-qPCR and Western blotting revealed an enhanced expression of the transcription factors signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and MYC, both known TKR downstream effectors and stimulators of cell proliferation, in response to HPL. In addition, specifically blocking STAT3 resulted in reduced cell proliferation and expression of cell cycle genes. Our data indicate that HPL-enhanced cell proliferation can, at least in part, be explained by the TKR-enhanced expression of STAT3 and MYC, which in turn induce the expression of genes being involved in the promotion and control of the cell cycle.
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21
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Stutz H. Advances and applications of electromigration methods in the analysis of therapeutic and diagnostic recombinant proteins – A Review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 222:115089. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Blaskovich MAT, Hansford KA, Butler MS, Ramu S, Kavanagh AM, Jarrad AM, Prasetyoputri A, Pitt ME, Huang JX, Lindahl F, Ziora ZM, Bradford T, Muldoon C, Rajaratnam P, Pelingon R, Edwards DJ, Zhang B, Amado M, Elliott AG, Zuegg J, Coin L, Woischnig AK, Khanna N, Breidenstein E, Stincone A, Mason C, Khan N, Cho HK, Karau MJ, Greenwood-Quaintance KE, Patel R, Wootton M, James ML, Hutton ML, Lyras D, Ogunniyi AD, Mahdi LK, Trott DJ, Wu X, Niles S, Lewis K, Smith JR, Barber KE, Yim J, Rice SA, Rybak MJ, Ishmael CR, Hori KR, Bernthal NM, Francis KP, Roberts JA, Paterson DL, Cooper MA. A lipoglycopeptide antibiotic for Gram-positive biofilm-related infections. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabj2381. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj2381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Drug-resistant Gram-positive bacterial infections are still a substantial burden on the public health system, with two bacteria (
Staphylococcus aureus
and
Streptococcus pneumoniae
) accounting for over 1.5 million drug-resistant infections in the United States alone in 2017. In 2019, 250,000 deaths were attributed to these pathogens globally. We have developed a preclinical glycopeptide antibiotic, MCC5145, that has excellent potency (MIC
90
≤ 0.06 μg/ml) against hundreds of isolates of methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
(MRSA) and other Gram-positive bacteria, with a greater than 1000-fold margin over mammalian cell cytotoxicity values. The antibiotic has therapeutic in vivo efficacy when dosed subcutaneously in multiple murine models of established bacterial infections, including thigh infection with MRSA and blood septicemia with
S. pneumoniae
, as well as when dosed orally in an antibiotic-induced
Clostridioides difficile
infection model. MCC5145 exhibited reduced nephrotoxicity at microbiologically active doses in mice compared to vancomycin. MCC5145 also showed improved activity against biofilms compared to vancomycin, both in vitro and in vivo, and a low propensity to select for drug resistance. Characterization of drug action using a transposon library bioinformatic platform showed a mechanistic distinction from other glycopeptide antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. T. Blaskovich
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Karl A. Hansford
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Mark S. Butler
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Soumya Ramu
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Angela M. Kavanagh
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Angie M. Jarrad
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Anggia Prasetyoputri
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Miranda E. Pitt
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Johnny X. Huang
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Fredrik Lindahl
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Zyta M. Ziora
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Tanya Bradford
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Craig Muldoon
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Premraj Rajaratnam
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ruby Pelingon
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - David J. Edwards
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Bing Zhang
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Maite Amado
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Alysha G. Elliott
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Johannes Zuegg
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Lachlan Coin
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Anne-Kathrin Woischnig
- University and University Hospital of Basel, Division of Infectious Diseases and Infection Biology Laboratory Department of Biomedicine, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nina Khanna
- University and University Hospital of Basel, Division of Infectious Diseases and Infection Biology Laboratory Department of Biomedicine, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elena Breidenstein
- Summit Therapeutics, The Works, Unity Campus, Cambridgeshire, CB22 3FT, UK
| | - Anna Stincone
- Summit Therapeutics, The Works, Unity Campus, Cambridgeshire, CB22 3FT, UK
| | - Clive Mason
- Summit Therapeutics, The Works, Unity Campus, Cambridgeshire, CB22 3FT, UK
| | - Nawaz Khan
- Summit Therapeutics, The Works, Unity Campus, Cambridgeshire, CB22 3FT, UK
| | - Hye-Kyung Cho
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Melissa J. Karau
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kerryl E. Greenwood-Quaintance
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Robin Patel
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Mandy Wootton
- Specialist Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Unit Public Health Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW, Wales
| | - Meagan L. James
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Melanie L. Hutton
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Dena Lyras
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Abiodun D. Ogunniyi
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia 5371, Australia
| | - Layla K. Mahdi
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia 5371, Australia
| | - Darren J. Trott
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia 5371, Australia
| | - Xiaoqian Wu
- Antimicrobial Discovery Center, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samantha Niles
- Antimicrobial Discovery Center, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kim Lewis
- Antimicrobial Discovery Center, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jordan R. Smith
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Katie E. Barber
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Juwon Yim
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Seth Alan Rice
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Michael J. Rybak
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Chad R. Ishmael
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kellyn R. Hori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nicholas M. Bernthal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kevin P. Francis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- PerkinElmer, 68 Elm Street, Hopkinton, MA 01748, USA
| | - Jason A. Roberts
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
- Departments of Pharmacy and Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
- Division of Anaesthesiology Critical Care Emergency and Pain Medicine, Nîmes University Hospital, University of Montpellier, 30029 Nîmes, France
| | - David L. Paterson
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Matthew A. Cooper
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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23
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Lim J, Lin EV, Hong JY, Vaidyanathan B, Erickson SA, Annicelli C, Medzhitov R. Induction of natural IgE by glucocorticoids. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213459. [PMID: 36098746 PMCID: PMC9475297 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
IgE mediates allergic responses by coating mast cell or basophil surfaces and inducing degranulation upon binding a specific allergen. IgE can also be spontaneously produced in the absence of foreign allergens; yet the origin, regulation, and functions of such "natural" IgE still remain largely unknown. Here, we find that glucocorticoids enhance the production of IgE in B cells both in vivo and ex vivo without antigenic challenge. Such IgE production is promoted by B cell-intrinsic glucocorticoid receptor signaling that reinforces CD40 signaling and synergizes with the IL-4/STAT6 pathway. In addition, we found that rare B cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes are responsible for the production of glucocorticoid-inducible IgE. Furthermore, locally produced glucocorticoids in the gut may induce natural IgE during perturbations of gut homeostasis, such as dysbiosis. Notably, mice preemptively treated with glucocorticoids were protected from subsequent pathogenic anaphylaxis. Together, our results suggest that glucocorticoids, classically considered to be broadly immunosuppressive, have a selective immunostimulatory role in B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaechul Lim
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Erica V. Lin
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Jun Young Hong
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea,Jun Young Hong:
| | - Bharat Vaidyanathan
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Steven A. Erickson
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Charles Annicelli
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Ruslan Medzhitov
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,Correspondence to Ruslan Medzhitov:
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24
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Cassotta M, Bartnicka JJ, Pistollato F, Parvatam S, Weber T, D'Alessandro V, Bastos LF, Coecke S. A worldwide survey on the use of animal‐derived materials and reagents in scientific experimentation. Eng Life Sci 2022; 22:564-583. [PMID: 36093359 PMCID: PMC9444711 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202100167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of cell and tissue‐based methods in basic, applied and regulatory science has been increasing exponentially. Animal‐derived components, including serum, coating materials, growth factors and antibodies are routinely used in cell/tissue cultures and in general laboratory practices. In addition to ethical issues, the use and production of animal‐derived materials and reagents raises many scientific concerns, generally associated with presence of undefined components and batch‐to‐batch variability, which may compromise experimental reproducibility. On the other hand, non‐animal materials and reagents, such as human cells, alternatives to animal sera or non‐animal recombinant antibodies, are becoming increasingly available, and their use is encouraged by the EU Directive 2010/63 and the Guidance Document on Good In vitro Method Practices (GIVIMP), published by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). In an effort to map the current state of use of animal‐derived reagents across different sectors and to identify the obstacles possibly hampering the implementation of non‐animal derived alternatives, a global online survey addressed to scientists working on in vivo, in vitro, in silico methods, in academia as well as pharmaceutical or cosmetic companies, was conducted with the goal to understand: 1) the most commonly used animal‐derived materials and reagents, 2) the main issues associated with the production and use of animal‐derived materials and reagents, 3) the current level of knowledge on available non‐animal alternative materials and reagents, and 4) what educational and information sources could be most useful or impactful to disseminate knowledge on non‐animal alternatives. This paper provides an overview of the survey replies and discusses possible proposals to increase awareness, acceptance and use of non‐animal ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Surat Parvatam
- Centre for Predictive Human Model Systems Atal Incubation Centre‐Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (AIC‐CCMB) Hyderabad India
| | - Tilo Weber
- Department for Alternatives to the Use of Animals in Research, Testing and Education Animal Welfare Academy of the German Animal Welfare Federation Neubiberg Germany
| | | | | | - Sandra Coecke
- European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) Ispra Italy
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25
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de Wildt BWM, Ito K, Hofmann S. Human Platelet Lysate as Alternative of Fetal Bovine Serum for Enhanced Human In Vitro Bone Resorption and Remodeling. Front Immunol 2022; 13:915277. [PMID: 35795685 PMCID: PMC9251547 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.915277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction To study human physiological and pathological bone remodeling while addressing the principle of replacement, reduction and refinement of animal experiments (3Rs), human in vitro bone remodeling models are being developed. Despite increasing safety-, scientific-, and ethical concerns, fetal bovine serum (FBS), a nutritional medium supplement, is still routinely used in these models. To comply with the 3Rs and to improve the reproducibility of such in vitro models, xenogeneic-free medium supplements should be investigated. Human platelet lysate (hPL) might be a good alternative as it has been shown to accelerate osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and improve subsequent mineralization. However, for a human in vitro bone model, hPL should also be able to adequately support osteoclastic differentiation and subsequent bone resorption. In addition, optimizing co-culture medium conditions in mono-cultures might lead to unequal stimulation of co-cultured cells. Methods We compared supplementation with 10% FBS vs. 10%, 5%, and 2.5% hPL for osteoclast formation and resorption by human monocytes (MCs) in mono-culture and in co-culture with (osteogenically stimulated) human MSCs. Results and Discussion Supplementation of hPL can lead to a less donor-dependent and more homogeneous osteoclastic differentiation of MCs when compared to supplementation with 10% FBS. In co-cultures, osteoclastic differentiation and resorption in the 10% FBS group was almost completely inhibited by MSCs, while the supplementation with hPL still allowed for resorption, mostly at low concentrations. The addition of hPL to osteogenically stimulated MSC mono- and MC-MSC co-cultures resulted in osteogenic differentiation and bone-like matrix formation, mostly at high concentrations. Conclusion We conclude that hPL could support both osteoclastic differentiation of human MCs and osteogenic differentiation of human MSCs in mono- and in co-culture, and that this can be balanced by the hPL concentration. Thus, the use of hPL could limit the need for FBS, which is currently commonly accepted for in vitro bone remodeling models.
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26
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Rampin A, Skoufos I, Raghunath M, Tzora A, Diakakis N, Prassinos N, Zeugolis DI. Allogeneic Serum and Macromolecular Crowding Maintain Native Equine Tenocyte Function in Culture. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091562. [PMID: 35563866 PMCID: PMC9103545 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The absence of a native extracellular matrix and the use of xenogeneic sera are often associated with rapid tenocyte function losses during in vitro culture. Herein, we assessed the influence of different sera (equine serum and foetal bovine serum) on equine tenocyte morphology, viability, metabolic activity, proliferation and protein synthesis as a function of tissue-specific extracellular matrix deposition (induced via macromolecular crowding), aging (passages 3, 6, 9) and time in culture (days 3, 5, 7). In comparison to cells at passage 3, at day 3, in foetal bovine serum and without macromolecular crowding (traditional equine tenocyte culture), the highest number of significantly decreased readouts were observed for cells in foetal bovine serum, at passage 3, at day 5 and day 7 and without macromolecular crowding. Again, in comparison to traditional equine tenocyte culture, the highest number of significantly increased readouts were observed for cells in equine serum, at passage 3 and passage 6, at day 7 and with macromolecular crowding. Our data advocate the use of an allogeneic serum and tissue-specific extracellular matrix for effective expansion of equine tenocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rampin
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Nutrition and Biotechnology, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47100 Arta, Greece; (A.R.); (I.S.); (A.T.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.D.); (N.P.)
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Charles Institute of Dermatology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin (UCD), D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ioannis Skoufos
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Nutrition and Biotechnology, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47100 Arta, Greece; (A.R.); (I.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Michael Raghunath
- Center for Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Institute for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland;
| | - Athina Tzora
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Nutrition and Biotechnology, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47100 Arta, Greece; (A.R.); (I.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Nikolaos Diakakis
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.D.); (N.P.)
| | - Nikitas Prassinos
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.D.); (N.P.)
| | - Dimitrios I. Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Charles Institute of Dermatology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin (UCD), D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-17-16-18-84
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