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Cong S, Chen J, Xie M, Deng Z, Chen C, Liu R, Duan J, Zhu X, Li Z, Cheng Y, Huang W, McCulloch I, Yue W. Single ambipolar OECT-based inverter with volatility and nonvolatility on demand. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadq9405. [PMID: 39383214 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adq9405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/11/2024]
Abstract
Organic electrochemical transistor (OECT)-based inverter introduces new prospects for energy-efficient brain-inspired artificial intelligence devices. Here, we report single-component OECT-based inverters by incorporating ambipolar p(gDPP-V). Notably, p(gDPP-V) shows state-of-the-art ambipolar OECT performances in both conventional (p/n-type mode transconductance of 29/25 S cm-1) and vertical (transconductance of 297.2/292.4 μS μm-2 under p/n operation) device architectures. Especially, the resulting highly stable vertical OECT-based inverter shows a high voltage gain of 105 V V-1 under a low driving voltage of 0.8 V. The inverter exhibits undiscovered voltage-regulated dual mode: volatile receptor and nonvolatile synapse. Moreover, applications of physiology signal recording and demonstrations of NAND/NOR logic circuits are investigated within the volatile feature, while neuromorphic simulations with a convolutional neural network and image memorizing capabilities are explored under the nonvolatile behavior. The ambipolar OECT-based inverter, capable of both volatile and nonvolatile operations, provides possibilities for the applications of reconfigurable complementary logic circuits in novel neuromorphic computing paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Cong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Junxin Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Miao Xie
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China
| | - Ziyi Deng
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China
| | - Chaoyue Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Riping Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jiayao Duan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiuyuan Zhu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhengke Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yuhua Cheng
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Wan Yue
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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2
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Horrocks MS, Zhurenkov KE, Malmström J. Conducting polymer hydrogels for biomedical application: Current status and outstanding challenges. APL Bioeng 2024; 8:031503. [PMID: 39323539 PMCID: PMC11424142 DOI: 10.1063/5.0218251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Conducting polymer hydrogels (CPHs) are composite polymeric materials with unique properties that combine the electrical capabilities of conducting polymers (CPs) with the excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility of traditional hydrogels. This review aims to highlight how the unique properties CPHs have from combining their two constituent materials are utilized within the biomedical field. First, the synthesis approaches and applications of non-CPH conductive hydrogels are discussed briefly, contrasting CPH-based systems. The synthesis routes of hydrogels, CPs, and CPHs are then discussed. This review also provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements and applications of CPHs in the biomedical field, encompassing their applications as biosensors, drug delivery scaffolds (DDSs), and tissue engineering platforms. Regarding their applications within tissue engineering, a comprehensive discussion of the usage of CPHs for skeletal muscle prosthetics and regeneration, cardiac regeneration, epithelial regeneration and wound healing, bone and cartilage regeneration, and neural prosthetics and regeneration is provided. Finally, critical challenges and future perspectives are also addressed, emphasizing the need for continued research; however, this fascinating class of materials holds promise within the vastly evolving field of biomedicine.
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Cao B, Huang Y, Chen L, Jia W, Li D, Jiang Y. Soft bioelectronics for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in neurological diseases. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 259:116378. [PMID: 38759308 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Physical and chemical signals in the central nervous system yield crucial information that is clinically relevant under both physiological and pathological conditions. The emerging field of bioelectronics focuses on the monitoring and manipulation of neurophysiological signals with high spatiotemporal resolution and minimal invasiveness. Significant advances have been realized through innovations in materials and structural design, which have markedly enhanced mechanical and electrical properties, biocompatibility, and overall device performance. The diagnostic and therapeutic potential of soft bioelectronics has been corroborated across a diverse array of pre-clinical settings. This review summarizes recent studies that underscore the developments and applications of soft bioelectronics in neurological disorders, including neuromonitoring, neuromodulation, tumor treatment, and biosensing. Limitations and outlooks of soft devices are also discussed in terms of power supply, wireless control, biocompatibility, and the integration of artificial intelligence. This review highlights the potential of soft bioelectronics as a future platform to promote deciphering brain functions and clinical outcomes of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Yewei Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Liangpeng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wang Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (NCRC-ND), Beijing, China.
| | - Deling Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (NCRC-ND), Beijing, China.
| | - Yuanwen Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States.
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4
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Fidanovski K, Gu M, Travaglini L, Lauto A, Mawad D. Self-Doping and Self-Acid-Doping of Conjugated Polymer Bioelectronics: The Case for Accuracy in Nomenclature. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302354. [PMID: 37883783 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers are enabling the development of flexible bioelectronics, largely driven by their organic nature which facilitates modification and tuning to suit a variety of applications. As organic semiconductors, conjugated polymers require a dopant to exhibit electrical conductivity, which in physiological conditions can result in dopant loss and thereby deterioration in electronic properties. To overcome this challenge, "self-doped" and self-acid-doped conjugated polymers having ionized pendant groups covalently bound to their backbone are being developed. The ionized group in a "self-doped" polymer behaves as the counterion that maintains electroneutrality, while an external dopant is required to induce charge transfer. The ionized group in a self-acid-doped polymer induces charge transfer and behaves as the counterion balancing the charges. Despite their doping processes being different, the two terms, self-doped and self-acid-doped, are often used interchangeably in the literature. Here, the differences are highlighted in the doping mechanisms of self-doped and self-acid-doped polymers, and it is proposed that the term "self-doped" should be replaced by "self-compensated," while reserving the term self-acid-doped for polymers that are intrinsically doped without the need of an external dopant. This is followed by a summary of examples of self-acid-doping in bioelectronics, highlighting their stability in the conductive state under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Fidanovski
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Modi Gu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Lorenzo Travaglini
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Antonio Lauto
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, New South Wales, 2751, Australia
| | - Damia Mawad
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
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5
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Tang H, Li Y, Liao S, Liu H, Qiao Y, Zhou J. Multifunctional Conductive Hydrogel Interface for Bioelectronic Recording and Stimulation. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2400562. [PMID: 38773929 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
The past few decades have witnessed the rapid advancement and broad applications of flexible bioelectronics, in wearable and implantable electronics, brain-computer interfaces, neural science and technology, clinical diagnosis, treatment, etc. It is noteworthy that soft and elastic conductive hydrogels, owing to their multiple similarities with biological tissues in terms of mechanics, electronics, water-rich, and biological functions, have successfully bridged the gap between rigid electronics and soft biology. Multifunctional hydrogel bioelectronics, emerging as a new generation of promising material candidates, have authentically established highly compatible and reliable, high-quality bioelectronic interfaces, particularly in bioelectronic recording and stimulation. This review summarizes the material basis and design principles involved in constructing hydrogel bioelectronic interfaces, and systematically discusses the fundamental mechanism and unique advantages in bioelectrical interfacing with the biological surface. Furthermore, an overview of the state-of-the-art manufacturing strategies for hydrogel bioelectronic interfaces with enhanced biocompatibility and integration with the biological system is presented. This review finally exemplifies the unprecedented advancement and impetus toward bioelectronic recording and stimulation, especially in implantable and integrated hydrogel bioelectronic systems, and concludes with a perspective expectation for hydrogel bioelectronics in clinical and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yuanfang Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Shufei Liao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Houfang Liu
- School of Integrated Circuits and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yancong Qiao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
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6
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Shu J, Zhou Z, Liang H, Yang X. Polyimide as a biomedical material: advantages and applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:4309-4324. [PMID: 39170974 PMCID: PMC11334982 DOI: 10.1039/d4na00292j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Polyimides (PIs) are a class of polymers characterized by strong covalent bonds, which offer the advantages of high thermal weight, low weight, good electronic properties and superior mechanical properties. They have been successfully used in the fields of microelectronics, aerospace engineering, nanomaterials, lasers, energy storage and painting. Their biomedical applications have attracted extensive attention, and they have been explored for use as an implantable, detectable, and antibacterial material in recent years. This article summarizes the progress of PI in terms of three aspects: synthesis, properties, and application. First, the synthetic strategies of PI are summarized. Next, the properties of PI as a biological or medical material are analyzed. Finally, the applications of PI in electrodes, biosensors, drug delivery systems, bone tissue replacements, face masks or respirators, and antibacterial materials are discussed. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the latest progress in PI, thereby providing a basis for developing new potentially promising materials for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Shu
- Department of Wound Infection and Drug, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University) Chongqing China
| | - Zhongfu Zhou
- Chongqing Institute of New Energy Storage Materials and Equipment Chongqing China
| | - Huaping Liang
- Department of Wound Infection and Drug, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University) Chongqing China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Wound Infection and Drug, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University) Chongqing China
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7
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Aydemir U, Mousa AH, Dicko C, Strakosas X, Shameem MA, Hellman K, Yadav AS, Ekström P, Hughes D, Ek F, Berggren M, Arner A, Hjort M, Olsson R. In situ assembly of an injectable cardiac stimulator. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6774. [PMID: 39117721 PMCID: PMC11310494 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51111-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Without intervention, cardiac arrhythmias pose a risk of fatality. However, timely intervention can be challenging in environments where transporting a large, heavy defibrillator is impractical, or emergency surgery to implant cardiac stimulation devices is not feasible. Here, we introduce an injectable cardiac stimulator, a syringe loaded with a nanoparticle solution comprising a conductive polymer and a monomer that, upon injection, forms a conductive structure around the heart for cardiac stimulation. Following treatment, the electrode is cleared from the body, eliminating the need for surgical extraction. The mixture adheres to the beating heart in vivo without disrupting its normal rhythm. The electrofunctionalized injectable cardiac stimulator demonstrates a tissue-compatible Young's modulus of 21 kPa and a high conductivity of 55 S/cm. The injected electrode facilitates electrocardiogram measurements, regulates heartbeat in vivo, and rectifies arrhythmia. Conductive functionality is maintained for five consecutive days, and no toxicity is observed at the organism, organ, or cellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Aydemir
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Abdelrazek H Mousa
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cedric Dicko
- Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Xenofon Strakosas
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Muhammad Anwar Shameem
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Hellman
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Amit Singh Yadav
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter Ekström
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Damien Hughes
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Ek
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Anders Arner
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Hjort
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Roger Olsson
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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8
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Wang W, Sessler CD, Wang X, Liu J. In Situ Synthesis and Assembly of Functional Materials and Devices in Living Systems. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:2013-2026. [PMID: 39007720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusIntegrating functional materials and devices with living systems enables novel methods for recording, manipulating, or augmenting organisms not accessible by traditional chemical, optical, or genetic approaches. (The term "device" refers to the fundamental components of complex electronic systems, such as transistors, capacitors, conductors, and electrodes.) Typically, these advanced materials and devices are synthesized, either through chemical or physical reactions, outside the biological systems (ex situ) before they are integrated. This is due in part to the more limited repertoire of biocompatible chemical transformations available for assembling functional materials in vivo. Given that most of the assembled bulk materials are impermeable to cell membranes and cannot go through the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the external synthesis poses challenges when trying to interface these materials and devices with cells precisely and in a timely manner and at the micro- and nanoscale─a crucial requirement for modulating cellular functions. In contrast to presynthesis in a separate location, in situ assembly, wherein small molecules or building blocks are directly assembled into functional materials within a biological system at the desired site of action, has offered a potential solution for spatiotemporal and genetic control of material synthesis and assembly.In this Account, we highlight recent advances in spatially and temporally targeted functional material synthesis and assembly in living cells, tissues and animals and provide perspective on how they may enable novel probing, modulation, or augmentation of fundamental biology. We discuss several strategies, starting from the traditional nontargeted methods to targeted assembly of functional materials and devices based on the endogenous markers of the biological system. We then focus on genetically targeted assembly of functional materials, which employs enzymatic catalysis centers expressed in living systems to assemble functional materials in specific molecular-defined cell types. We introduce the recent efforts of our group to modulate membrane capacitance and neuron excitability using in situ synthesized electrically functional polymers in a genetically targetable manner. These advances demonstrate the promise of in situ synthesis and assembly of functional materials and devices, including the optogenetic polymerization developed by our lab, to interface with cells in a cellular- or subcellular-specific manner by incorporating genetic and/or optical control over material assembly. Finally, we discuss remaining challenges, areas for improvement, potential applications to other biological systems, and novel methods for the in situ synthesis of functional materials that could be elevated by incorporating genetic or material design strategies. As researchers expand the toolkit of biocompatible in situ functional material synthetic techniques, we anticipate that these advancements could potentially offer valuable tools for exploring biological systems and developing therapeutic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Wang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02134, United States
| | - Chanan D Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jia Liu
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02134, United States
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9
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Xu T. Well-modulated interfacial ion transport enables D-sorbitol/PEDOT:PSS fibers to sense brain electrophysiological signals in vivo. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:8244-8247. [PMID: 39011590 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01867b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
A neuroelectrode can be easily prepared using a wet-spun fiber of D-sorbitol/PEDOT:PSS. At a D-sorbitol/PEDOT:PSS weight ratio of 6, the fiber is well-modulated with suitable characters, including the morphology, crystallization, diffusion resistance (179 kΩ), and electric double-layer capacitance (2.72 μF), for sensitive recording of brain activity during somatosensory stimulation and seizures. Additionally, the fiber is highly biocompatible with the brain. This study presents a simple and controllable strategy for the chemical construction of conducting polymer-based neurosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianci Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, P. R. China.
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10
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Sahalianov I, Abrahamsson T, Priyadarshini D, Mousa AH, Arja K, Gerasimov JY, Linares M, Simon DT, Olsson R, Baryshnikov G, Berggren M, Musumeci C. Tuning the Emission of Bis-ethylenedioxythiophene-thiophenes upon Aggregation. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:6581-6588. [PMID: 38942741 PMCID: PMC11247477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c02891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
The ability of small lipophilic molecules to penetrate the blood-brain barrier through transmembrane diffusion has enabled researchers to explore new diagnostics and therapies for brain disorders. Until now, therapies targeting the brain have mainly relied on biochemical mechanisms, while electrical treatments such as deep brain stimulation often require invasive procedures. An alternative to implanting deep brain stimulation probes could involve administering small molecule precursors intravenously, capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier, and initiating the formation of conductive polymer networks in the brain through in vivo polymerization. This study examines the aggregation behavior of five water-soluble conducting polymer precursors sharing the same conjugate core but differing in side chains, using spectroscopy and various computational chemistry tools. Our findings highlight the significant impact of side chain composition on both aggregation and spectroscopic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihor Sahalianov
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linkoping University, Norrkoping SE-60174, Sweden
- Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability, ITN, Linköping University, Norrköping 60174, Sweden
| | - Tobias Abrahamsson
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linkoping University, Norrkoping SE-60174, Sweden
| | - Diana Priyadarshini
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linkoping University, Norrkoping SE-60174, Sweden
| | - Abdelrazek H Mousa
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katriann Arja
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linkoping University, Norrkoping SE-60174, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Y Gerasimov
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linkoping University, Norrkoping SE-60174, Sweden
| | - Mathieu Linares
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linkoping University, Norrkoping SE-60174, Sweden
- Group of Scientific Visualization, Department of Science and Technology, Linkoping University, Norrkoping SE-60174, Sweden
| | - Daniel T Simon
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linkoping University, Norrkoping SE-60174, Sweden
| | - Roger Olsson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund SE-221 84, Sweden
| | - Glib Baryshnikov
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linkoping University, Norrkoping SE-60174, Sweden
- Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability, ITN, Linköping University, Norrköping 60174, Sweden
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linkoping University, Norrkoping SE-60174, Sweden
| | - Chiara Musumeci
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linkoping University, Norrkoping SE-60174, Sweden
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11
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Liu Z, Gu Y, Yu L, Yang X, Ma Z, Zhao J, Gu Y. Locomotion Control of Cyborg Insects by Charge-Balanced Biphasic Electrical Stimulation. CYBORG AND BIONIC SYSTEMS 2024; 5:0134. [PMID: 38975251 PMCID: PMC11223913 DOI: 10.34133/cbsystems.0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The integration of electronic stimulation devices with insects in the context of cyborg insect systems has great application potential, particularly in the fields of environmental monitoring, urban surveillance, and rescue missions. Despite considerable advantages compared to the current robot technology, including flexibility, durability, and low energy consumption, this integration faces certain challenges related to the potential risk of charge accumulation caused by prolonged and repetitive electrical stimulations. To address these challenges, this study proposes a universal system for remote signal output control using infrared signals. The proposed system integrates high-precision digital-to-analog converters capable of generating customized waveform electrical stimulation signals within defined ranges. This enhances the accuracy of locomotion control in cyborg insects while maintaining real-time control and dynamic parameter adjustment. The proposed system is verified by experiments. The experimental results show that the signals generated by the proposed system have a success rate of over 76.25% in controlling the turning locomotion of cyborg insects, which is higher than previously reported results. In addition, the charge-balanced characteristics of these signals can minimize muscle tissue damage, thus substantially enhancing control repeatability. This study provides a comprehensive solution for the remote control and monitoring of cyborg insects, whose flexibility and adaptability can meet various application and experimental requirements. The results presented in this study lay a robust foundation for further advancement of various technologies, particularly those related to cyborg insect locomotion control systems and wireless control mechanisms for cyborg insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Liu
- School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence,
Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yongxia Gu
- School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence,
Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Li Yu
- School of Mechanical Engineering,
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiang Yang
- School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence,
Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhiyun Ma
- School of Mechanical Engineering,
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jieliang Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering,
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yufei Gu
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi 129188, United Arab Emirates
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12
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Xu K, Yang Y, Ding J, Wang J, Fang Y, Tian H. Spatially Precise Genetic Engineering at the Electrode-Tissue Interface. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2401327. [PMID: 38692704 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The interface between electrodes and neural tissues plays a pivotal role in determining the efficacy and fidelity of neural activity recording and modulation. While considerable efforts have been made to improve the electrode-tissue interface, the majority of studies have primarily concentrated on the development of biocompatible neural electrodes through abiotic materials and structural engineering. In this study, an approach is presented that seamlessly integrates abiotic and biotic engineering principles into the electrode-tissue interface. Specifically, ultraflexible neural electrodes with short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) designed to silence the expression of endogenous genes within neural tissues are combined. The system facilitates shRNA-mediated knockdown of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) and polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1), two essential genes associated in neural survival/growth and neurogenesis, within specific cell populations located at the electrode-tissue interface. Additionally, it is demonstrated that the downregulation of PTEN in neurons can result in an enlargement of neuronal cell bodies at the electrode-tissue interface. Furthermore, the system enables long-term monitoring of neuronal activities following PTEN knockdown in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease and traumatic brain injury. The system provides a versatile approach for genetically engineering the electrode-tissue interface with unparalleled precision, paving the way for the development of regenerative electronics and next-generation brain-machine interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yinan Yang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianfei Ding
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jinfen Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ying Fang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Huihui Tian
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 102206, China
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13
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Duan W, Robles UA, Poole‐Warren L, Esrafilzadeh D. Bioelectronic Neural Interfaces: Improving Neuromodulation Through Organic Conductive Coatings. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306275. [PMID: 38115740 PMCID: PMC11251570 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Integration of bioelectronic devices in clinical practice is expanding rapidly, focusing on conditions ranging from sensory to neurological and mental health disorders. While platinum (Pt) electrodes in neuromodulation devices such as cochlear implants and deep brain stimulators have shown promising results, challenges still affect their long-term performance. Key among these are electrode and device longevity in vivo, and formation of encapsulating fibrous tissue. To overcome these challenges, organic conductors with unique chemical and physical properties are being explored. They hold great promise as coatings for neural interfaces, offering more rapid regulatory pathways and clinical implementation than standalone bioelectronics. This study provides a comprehensive review of the potential benefits of organic coatings in neuromodulation electrodes and the challenges that limit their effective integration into existing devices. It discusses issues related to metallic electrode use and introduces physical, electrical, and biological properties of organic coatings applied in neuromodulation. Furthermore, previously reported challenges related to organic coating stability, durability, manufacturing, and biocompatibility are thoroughly reviewed and proposed coating adhesion mechanisms are summarized. Understanding organic coating properties, modifications, and current challenges of organic coatings in clinical and industrial settings is expected to provide valuable insights for their future development and integration into organic bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlu Duan
- The Graduate School of Biomedical EngineeringUNSWSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | | | - Laura Poole‐Warren
- The Graduate School of Biomedical EngineeringUNSWSydneyNSW2052Australia
- Tyree Foundation Institute of Health EngineeringUNSWSydneyNSW2052Australia
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14
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Wang S, Zhu W, Jacobs IE, Wood WA, Wang Z, Manikandan S, Andreasen JW, Un HI, Ursel S, Peralta S, Guan S, Grivel JC, Longuemart S, Sirringhaus H. Enhancing the Thermoelectric Properties of Conjugated Polymers by Suppressing Dopant-Induced Disorder. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2314062. [PMID: 38558210 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202314062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Doping is a crucial strategy to enhance the performance of various organic electronic devices. However, in many cases, the random distribution of dopants in conjugated polymers leads to the disruption of the polymer microstructure, severely constraining the achievable performance of electronic devices. Here, it is shown that by ion-exchange doping polythiophene-based P[(3HT)1-x-stat-(T)x] (x = 0 (P1), 0.12 (P2), 0.24 (P3), and 0.36 (P4)), remarkably high electrical conductivity of >400 S cm-1 and power factor of >16 µW m-1 K-2 are achieved for the random copolymer P3, ranking it among highest ever reported for unaligned P3HT-based films, significantly higher than that of P1 (<40 S cm-1, <4 µW m-1 K-2). Although both polymers exhibit comparable field-effect transistor hole mobilities of ≈0.1 cm2 V-1 s-1 in the pristine state, after doping, Hall effect measurements indicate that P3 exhibits a large Hall mobility up to 1.2 cm2 V-1 s-1, significantly outperforming that of P1 (0.06 cm2 V-1 s-1). GIWAXS measurement determines that the in-plane π-π stacking distance of doped P3 is 3.44 Å, distinctly shorter than that of doped P1 (3.68 Å). These findings contribute to resolving the long-standing dopant-induced-disorder issues in P3HT and serve as an example for achieving fast charge transport in highly doped polymers for efficient electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhao Wang
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Unité de Dynamique et Structure des Matériaux Moléculaires, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 145 Avenue Maurice Schumann, Dunkerque, 59140, France
| | - Wenjin Zhu
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Ian E Jacobs
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - William A Wood
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Zichen Wang
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Suraj Manikandan
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Jens Wenzel Andreasen
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Hio-Ieng Un
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Sarah Ursel
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Sébastien Peralta
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces, CY Cergy Paris Université, 5 Mail Gay Lussac, Neuville-sur-Oise, 95000, France
| | - Shaoliang Guan
- Maxwell Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Jean-Claude Grivel
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Stéphane Longuemart
- Unité de Dynamique et Structure des Matériaux Moléculaires, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 145 Avenue Maurice Schumann, Dunkerque, 59140, France
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
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15
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Dominguez-Alfaro A, Casado N, Fernandez M, Garcia-Esnaola A, Calvo J, Mantione D, Calvo MR, Cortajarena AL. Engineering Proteins for PEDOT Dispersions: A New Horizon for Highly Mixed Ionic-Electronic Biocompatible Conducting Materials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307536. [PMID: 38126666 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) is the most used conducting polymer from energy to biomedical applications. Despite its exceptional properties, there is a need for developing new materials that can improve some of its inherent limitations, e.g., biocompatibility. In this context, doping PEDOT is propose with a robust recombinant protein with tunable properties, the consensus tetratricopeptide repeated protein (CTPR). The doping consists of an oxidative polymerization, where the PEDOT chains are stabilized by the negative charges of the CTPR protein. CTPR proteins are evaluated with three different lengths (3, 10, and 20 identical CTPR units) and optimized varied synthetic conditions. These findings revealed higher doping rate and oxidized state of the PEDOT chains when doped with the smallest scaffold (CTPR3). These PEDOT:CTPR hybrids possess ionic and electronic conductivity. Notably, PEDOT:CTPR3 displayed an electronic conductivity of 0.016 S cm-1, higher than any other reported protein-doped PEDOT. This result places PEDOT:CTPR3 at the level of PEDOT-biopolymer hybrids, and brings it closer in performance to PEDOT:PSS gold standard. Furthermore, PEDOT:CTPR3 dispersion is successfully optimized for inkjet printing, preserving its electroactivity properties after printing. This approach opens the door to the use of these novel hybrids for bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Dominguez-Alfaro
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Nerea Casado
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastian, 20018, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
| | - Maxence Fernandez
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Andrea Garcia-Esnaola
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Javier Calvo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Daniele Mantione
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastian, 20018, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
| | - Maria Reyes Calvo
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, 03690, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante (IUMA), Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, 03690, Spain
| | - Aitziber L Cortajarena
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
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16
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Gryszel M, Byun D, Burtscher B, Abrahamsson T, Brodsky J, Simon DT, Berggren M, Glowacki ED, Strakosas X, Donahue MJ. Vertical organic electrochemical transistor platforms for efficient electropolymerization of thiophene based oligomers. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2024; 12:5339-5346. [PMID: 38645749 PMCID: PMC11025323 DOI: 10.1039/d3tc04730j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have emerged as promising candidates for various fields, including bioelectronics, neuromorphic computing, biosensors, and wearable electronics. OECTs operate in aqueous solutions, exhibit high amplification properties, and offer ion-to-electron signal transduction. The OECT channel consists of a conducting polymer, with PEDOT:PSS receiving the most attention to date. While PEDOT:PSS is highly conductive, and benefits from optimized protocols using secondary dopants and detergents, new p-type and n-type polymers are emerging with desirable material properties. Among these, low-oxidation potential oligomers are highly enabling for bioelectronics applications, however the polymers resulting from their polymerization lag far behind in conductivity compared with the established PEDOT:PSS. In this work we show that by careful design of the OECT geometrical characteristics, we can overcome this limitation and achieve devices that are on-par with transistors employing PEDOT:PSS. We demonstrate that the vertical architecture allows for facile electropolymerization of a family of trimers that are polymerized in very low oxidation potentials, without the need for harsh chemicals or secondary dopants. Vertical and planar OECTs are compared using various characterization methods. We show that vOECTs are superior platforms in general and propose that the vertical architecture can be expanded for the realization of OECTs for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Gryszel
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University 60174 Norrköping Sweden
| | - Donghak Byun
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University 60174 Norrköping Sweden
| | - Bernhard Burtscher
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University 60174 Norrköping Sweden
| | - Tobias Abrahamsson
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University 60174 Norrköping Sweden
| | - Jan Brodsky
- Bioelectronics Materials and Devices Lab, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology Purkyňova 123 61200 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Theodore Simon
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University 60174 Norrköping Sweden
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University 60174 Norrköping Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University 60174 Norrköping Sweden
| | - Eric Daniel Glowacki
- Bioelectronics Materials and Devices Lab, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology Purkyňova 123 61200 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Xenofon Strakosas
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University 60174 Norrköping Sweden
| | - Mary Jocelyn Donahue
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University 60174 Norrköping Sweden
- Bioelectronics Materials and Devices Lab, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology Purkyňova 123 61200 Brno Czech Republic
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17
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Qi J, Yang S, Jiang Y, Cheng J, Wang S, Rao Q, Jiang X. Liquid Metal-Polymer Conductor-Based Conformal Cyborg Devices. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2081-2137. [PMID: 38393351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Gallium-based liquid metal (LM) exhibits exceptional properties such as high conductivity and biocompatibility, rendering it highly valuable for the development of conformal bioelectronics. When combined with polymers, liquid metal-polymer conductors (MPC) offer a versatile platform for fabricating conformal cyborg devices, enabling functions such as sensing, restoration, and augmentation within the human body. This review focuses on the synthesis, fabrication, and application of MPC-based cyborg devices. The synthesis of functional materials based on LM and the fabrication techniques for MPC-based devices are elucidated. The review provides a comprehensive overview of MPC-based cyborg devices, encompassing their applications in sensing diverse signals, therapeutic interventions, and augmentation. The objective of this review is to serve as a valuable resource that bridges the gap between the fabrication of MPC-based conformal devices and their potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering. Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, P. R. China
| | - Shuaijian Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering. Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yizhou Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering. Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, P. R. China
| | - Jinhao Cheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering. Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Saijie Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering. Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qingyan Rao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering. Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering. Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
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18
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Peñas-Núñez SJ, Mecerreyes D, Criado-Gonzalez M. Recent Advances and Developments in Injectable Conductive Polymer Gels for Bioelectronics. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024. [PMID: 38364213 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Soft matter bioelectronics represents an emerging and interdisciplinary research frontier aiming to harness the synergy between biology and electronics for advanced diagnostic and healthcare applications. In this context, a whole family of soft gels have been recently developed with self-healing ability and tunable biological mimetic features to act as a tissue-like space bridging the interface between the electronic device and dynamic biological fluids and body tissues. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of electroactive polymer gels, formed by noncovalent intermolecular interactions and dynamic covalent bonds, as injectable electroactive gels, covering their synthesis, characterization, and applications. First, hydrogels crafted from conducting polymers (poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene) (PEDOT), polyaniline (PANi), and polypyrrole (PPy))-based networks which are connected through physical interactions (e.g., hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking, hydrophobic interactions) or dynamic covalent bonds (e.g., imine bonds, Schiff-base, borate ester bonds) are addressed. Injectable hydrogels involving hybrid networks of polymers with conductive nanomaterials (i.e., graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, metallic nanoparticles, etc.) are also discussed. Besides, it also delves into recent advancements in injectable ionic liquid-integrated gels (iongels) and deep eutectic solvent-integrated gels (eutectogels), which present promising avenues for future research. Finally, the current applications and future prospects of injectable electroactive polymer gels in cutting-edge bioelectronic applications ranging from tissue engineering to biosensing are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio J Peñas-Núñez
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Miryam Criado-Gonzalez
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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19
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Sha B, Du Z. Neural repair and regeneration interfaces: a comprehensive review. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:022002. [PMID: 38232383 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad1f78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Neural interfaces play a pivotal role in neuromodulation, as they enable precise intervention into aberrant neural activity and facilitate recovery from neural injuries and resultant functional impairments by modulating local immune responses and neural circuits. This review outlines the development and applications of these interfaces and highlights the advantages of employing neural interfaces for neural stimulation and repair, including accurate targeting of specific neural populations, real-time monitoring and control of neural activity, reduced invasiveness, and personalized treatment strategies. Ongoing research aims to enhance the biocompatibility, stability, and functionality of these interfaces, ultimately augmenting their therapeutic potential for various neurological disorders. The review focuses on electrophysiological and optophysiology neural interfaces, discussing functionalization and power supply approaches. By summarizing the techniques, materials, and methods employed in this field, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential applications and future directions for neural repair and regeneration devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoning Sha
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, Shenzhen institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Zhanhong Du
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, Shenzhen institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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20
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Luo J, Zhang H, Sun C, Jing Y, Li K, Li Y, Zhang Q, Wang H, Luo Y, Hou C. Topological MXene Network Enabled Mixed Ion-Electron Conductive Hydrogel Bioelectronics. ACS NANO 2024; 18:4008-4018. [PMID: 38277229 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Mixed ion-electron conductive (MIEC) bioelectronics has emerged as a state-of-the-art type of bioelectronics for bioelectrical signal monitoring. However, existing MIEC bioelectronics is limited by delamination and transmission defects in bioelectrical signals. Herein, a topological MXene network enhanced MIEC hydrogel bioelectronics that simultaneously exhibits both electrical and mechanical property enhancement while maintaining adhesion and biocompatibility, providing an ideal MIEC bioelectronics for electrophysiological signal monitoring, is introduced. Compared with nontopology hydrogel bioelectronics, the MXene topology increases the dynamic stability of bioelectronics by a factor of 8.4 and the electrical signal by a factor of 10.1 and reduces the energy dissipation by a factor of 20.2. Besides, the topology-enhanced hydrogel bioelectronics exhibits low impedance (<25 Ω) at physiologically relevant frequencies and negligible impedance fluctuation after 5000 stretch cycles. The creation of multichannel bioelectronics with high-fidelity muscle action mapping and gait recognition was made possible by achieving such performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabei Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 250033 Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanyue Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangmin Jing
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Kerui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaogang Li
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Luo
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyi Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
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21
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Dong K, Liu WC, Su Y, Lyu Y, Huang H, Zheng N, Rogers JA, Nan K. Scalable Electrophysiology of Millimeter-Scale Animals with Electrode Devices. BME FRONTIERS 2023; 4:0034. [PMID: 38435343 PMCID: PMC10907027 DOI: 10.34133/bmef.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Millimeter-scale animals such as Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila larvae, zebrafish, and bees serve as powerful model organisms in the fields of neurobiology and neuroethology. Various methods exist for recording large-scale electrophysiological signals from these animals. Existing approaches often lack, however, real-time, uninterrupted investigations due to their rigid constructs, geometric constraints, and mechanical mismatch in integration with soft organisms. The recent research establishes the foundations for 3-dimensional flexible bioelectronic interfaces that incorporate microfabricated components and nanoelectronic function with adjustable mechanical properties and multidimensional variability, offering unique capabilities for chronic, stable interrogation and stimulation of millimeter-scale animals and miniature tissue constructs. This review summarizes the most advanced technologies for electrophysiological studies, based on methods of 3-dimensional flexible bioelectronics. A concluding section addresses the challenges of these devices in achieving freestanding, robust, and multifunctional biointerfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kairu Dong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Wen-Che Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuyan Su
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yidan Lyu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hao Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Nenggan Zheng
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- College of Computer Science and Technology,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- State Key Lab of Brain-Machine Intelligence,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- CCAI by MOE and Zhejiang Provincial Government (ZJU), Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - John A. Rogers
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics,
Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Kewang Nan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321299, China
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22
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Sha B, Zhao S, Gu M, Khodagholy D, Wang L, Bi GQ, Du Z. Doping-induced assembly interface for noninvasive in vivo local and systemic immunomodulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2306777120. [PMID: 38032937 PMCID: PMC10710085 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2306777120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral neural interfaces, potent in modulating local and systemic immune responses for disease treatment, face significant challenges due to the peripheral nerves' broad distribution in tissues like the fascia, periosteum, and skin. The incongruity between static electronic components and the dynamic, complex organization of the peripheral nervous system often leads to interface failure, stalling circuit research and clinical applications. To overcome these, we developed a self-assembling, tissue-adaptive electrode composed of a single-component cocktail nanosheet colloid, including dopants, conducting polymers, stabilizers, and an MXene catalyst. Delivered via a jet injector to designated nerve terminals, this assembly utilizes reactive oxygen species to catalytically dope poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), enhancing π-π interactions between nanosheets, and yielding a conductive, biodegradable interface. This interface effectively regulates local immune activity and promotes sensory and motor nerve functional restoration in nerve-injured mice, while engaging the vagal-adrenal axis in freely moving mice, eliciting catecholamine neurotransmitter release, and suppressing systemic cytokine storms. This innovative strategy specifically targets nerve substructures, bolstering local and systemic immune modulation, and paving the way for the development of self-adaptive dynamic neural interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoning Sha
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen518055, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen518055, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen518055, China
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY10027
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY10027
| | - Shengzhuo Zhao
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen518055, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen518055, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen518055, China
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen518055, China
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou215123, China
| | - Minling Gu
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen518055, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen518055, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen518055, China
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Dion Khodagholy
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY10027
| | - Liping Wang
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen518055, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen518055, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen518055, China
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Bi
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen518055, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen518055, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen518055, China
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen518055, China
- Center for Integrative Imaging, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Zhanhong Du
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen518055, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen518055, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen518055, China
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
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23
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Tommasini G, De Simone M, Santillo S, Dufil G, Iencharelli M, Mantione D, Stavrinidou E, Tino A, Tortiglione C. In vivo neuromodulation of animal behavior with organic semiconducting oligomers. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi5488. [PMID: 37851802 PMCID: PMC10584338 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi5488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Modulating neural activity with electrical or chemical stimulus can be used for fundamental and applied research. Typically, neuronal stimulation is performed with intracellular and extracellular electrodes that deliver brief electrical pulses to neurons. However, alternative wireless methodologies based on functional materials may allow clinical translation of technologies to modulate neuronal function. Here, we show that the organic semiconducting oligomer 4-[2-{2,5-bis(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-5-yl)thiophen-3-yl}ethoxy]butane-1-sulfonate (ETE-S) induces precise behaviors in the small invertebrate Hydra, which were dissected through pharmacological and electrophysiological approaches. ETE-S-induced behavioral response relies on the presence of head neurons and calcium ions and is prevented by drugs targeting ionotropic channels and muscle contraction. Moreover, ETE-S affects Hydra's electrical activity enhancing the contraction burst frequency. The unexpected neuromodulatory function played by this conjugated oligomer on a simple nerve net opens intriguing research possibilities on fundamental chemical and physical phenomena behind organic bioelectronic interfaces for neuromodulation and on alternative methods that could catalyze a wide expansion of this rising technology for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Tommasini
- Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti “E. Caianiello”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria De Simone
- Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti “E. Caianiello”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Silvia Santillo
- Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti “E. Caianiello”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Gwennaël Dufil
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrkoping, Sweden
| | - Marika Iencharelli
- Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti “E. Caianiello”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Daniele Mantione
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Eleni Stavrinidou
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrkoping, Sweden
| | - Angela Tino
- Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti “E. Caianiello”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Claudia Tortiglione
- Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti “E. Caianiello”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
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24
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Wu F, Yu P, Mao L. New Opportunities of Electrochemistry for Monitoring, Modulating, and Mimicking the Brain Signals. JACS AU 2023; 3:2062-2072. [PMID: 37654584 PMCID: PMC10466370 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
In vivo electrochemistry is a powerful key for unlocking the chemical consequences in neural networks of the brain. The past half-century has witnessed the technology revolutionization in this field along with innovations in electrochemical concepts, principles, methods, and devices. Present applications of electrochemical approaches have extended from measuring neurochemical concentrations to modulating and mimicking brain signals. In this Perspective, newly reported strategies for tackling long-standing challenges of in vivo electrochemical brain monitoring (i.e., basal level measurement, electroactivity dependence, in vivo stability, neuron compatibility, multiplexity, and implantable device fabrication) are highlighted. Moreover, recent progress on neuromodulation tools and neuromorphic devices in electrochemical frameworks is introduced. A glimpse of future opportunities for electrochemistry in brain research is offered at last.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wu
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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25
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Hjort M, Mousa AH, Bliman D, Shameem MA, Hellman K, Yadav AS, Ekström P, Ek F, Olsson R. In situ assembly of bioresorbable organic bioelectronics in the brain. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4453. [PMID: 37488105 PMCID: PMC10366153 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioelectronics can potentially complement classical therapies in nonchronic treatments, such as immunotherapy and cancer. In addition to functionality, minimally invasive implantation methods and bioresorbable materials are central to nonchronic treatments. The latter avoids the need for surgical removal after disease relief. Self-organizing substrate-free organic electrodes meet these criteria and integrate seamlessly into dynamic biological systems in ways difficult for classical rigid solid-state electronics. Here we place bioresorbable electrodes with a brain-matched shear modulus-made from water-dispersed nanoparticles in the brain-in the targeted area using a capillary thinner than a human hair. Thereafter, we show that an optional auxiliary module grows dendrites from the installed conductive structure to seamlessly embed neurons and modify the electrode's volume properties. We demonstrate that these soft electrodes set off a controlled cellular response in the brain when relaying external stimuli and that the biocompatible materials show no tissue damage after bioresorption. These findings encourage further investigation of temporary organic bioelectronics for nonchronic treatments assembled in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hjort
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Abdelrazek H Mousa
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Bliman
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Muhammad Anwar Shameem
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Hellman
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Amit Singh Yadav
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter Ekström
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Ek
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Roger Olsson
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden.
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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26
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Priyadarshini D, Musumeci C, Bliman D, Abrahamsson T, Lindholm C, Vagin M, Strakosas X, Olsson R, Berggren M, Gerasimov JY, Simon DT. Enzymatically Polymerized Organic Conductors on Model Lipid Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 37267478 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Seamless integration between biological systems and electrical components is essential for enabling a twinned biochemical-electrical recording and therapy approach to understand and combat neurological disorders. Employing bioelectronic systems made up of conjugated polymers, which have an innate ability to transport both electronic and ionic charges, provides the possibility of such integration. In particular, translating enzymatically polymerized conductive wires, recently demonstrated in plants and simple organism systems, into mammalian models, is of particular interest for the development of next-generation devices that can monitor and modulate neural signals. As a first step toward achieving this goal, enzyme-mediated polymerization of two thiophene-based monomers is demonstrated on a synthetic lipid bilayer supported on a Au surface. Microgravimetric studies of conducting films polymerized in situ provide insights into their interactions with a lipid bilayer model that mimics the cell membrane. Moreover, the resulting electrical and viscoelastic properties of these self-organizing conducting polymers suggest their potential as materials to form the basis for novel approaches to in vivo neural therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Priyadarshini
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Chiara Musumeci
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - David Bliman
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tobias Abrahamsson
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Caroline Lindholm
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Mikhail Vagin
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Xenofon Strakosas
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Roger Olsson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Y Gerasimov
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Daniel T Simon
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
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27
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Meng J, Zhao Z, Cao X, Wang N. The Integration of Triboelectric Nanogenerators and Supercapacitors: The Key Role of Cellular Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16103751. [PMID: 37241378 DOI: 10.3390/ma16103751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The growing demand for sustainable and efficient energy harvesting and storage technologies has spurred interest in the integration of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) with supercapacitors (SCs). This combination offers a promising solution for powering Internet of Things (IoT) devices and other low-power applications by utilizing ambient mechanical energy. Cellular materials, featuring unique structural characteristics such as high surface-to-volume ratios, mechanical compliance, and customizable properties, have emerged as essential components in this integration, enabling the improved performance and efficiency of TENG-SC systems. In this paper, we discuss the key role of cellular materials in enhancing TENG-SC systems' performance through their influence on contact area, mechanical compliance, weight, and energy absorption. We highlight the benefits of cellular materials, including increased charge generation, optimized energy conversion efficiency, and adaptability to various mechanical sources. Furthermore, we explore the potential for lightweight, low-cost, and customizable cellular materials to expand the applicability of TENG-SC systems in wearable and portable devices. Finally, we examine the dual effect of cellular materials' damping and energy absorption properties, emphasizing their potential to protect TENGs from damage and increase overall system efficiency. This comprehensive overview of the role of cellular materials in the integration of TENG-SC aims to provide insights into the development of next-generation sustainable energy harvesting and storage solutions for IoT and other low-power applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Meng
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zequan Zhao
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xia Cao
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
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