1
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Ward RJ, Jörges M, Remm H, Kiliani E, Krischer F, Le Dé Q, Gessner VH. An Azide-Free Synthesis of Metallodiazomethanes Using Nitrous Oxide. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:24602-24608. [PMID: 39164003 PMCID: PMC11378277 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Diazo compounds are valuable reagents in synthesis but usually require the use of potentially explosive or toxic starting materials. Here, we report the synthesis and isolation of alkali metal diazomethanides by the reaction of metalated ylides with nitrous oxide, resulting in a formal exchange of the phosphine ligand by dinitrogen. The reaction proceeds through a Wittig-like mechanism via a [3 + 2] cycloaddition of N2O across the ylide bond with release of phosphine oxide. The metalated diazomethanes exhibit an increased thermal stability due to the stronger binding of N2 compared to neutral diazomethanes. This is reflected in short C-N distances and red-shifted N-N vibrations and enables versatile applications such as for the preparation of transition metal diazomethanide complexes and the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles from nitriles, diazoacetates from carbon dioxide, or alkynes from aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Ward
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Mike Jörges
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Henning Remm
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Elias Kiliani
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Felix Krischer
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Quentin Le Dé
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Viktoria H Gessner
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, Bochum 44801, Germany
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2
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Duari P, Mondal S, Jörges M, Gessner VH. The lithium effect in ketenyl anion chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:9372-9375. [PMID: 39139106 PMCID: PMC11322804 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc03167a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Ketenyl lithium compounds of type [RC(Li)CO] (with R = Ph2P(E), E = O, S, Se) were found to exhibit lower thermal stabilities than their potassium analogues due to the stronger coordination of the oxygen of the ketene moiety to the harder metal cation, resulting in a more pronounced ynolate character. Using additional ligands allows manipulation of the O-Li interaction, thereby influencing the stability and reactivity of the ketenyl anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Duari
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Sunita Mondal
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Mike Jörges
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Viktoria H Gessner
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
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3
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Koike T, Yu JK, Hansmann MM. Ph 3PCN 2: A stable reagent for carbon-atom transfer. Science 2024; 385:305-311. [PMID: 39024456 DOI: 10.1126/science.ado4564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Precise modification of a chemical site in a molecule at the single-atom level is one of the most elegant yet difficult transformations in chemistry. A reagent specifically designed for chemoselective introduction of monoatomic carbon is a particularly formidable challenge. Here, we report a straightforward, azide-free synthesis of a crystalline and isolable diazophosphorus ylide, Ph3PCN2, a stable compound with a carbon atom bonded to two chemically labile groups, triphenylphosphine (PPh3) and dinitrogen (N2). Without any additives, the diazophosphorus ylide serves as a highly selective transfer reagent for fragments, including Ph3PC, to deliver phosphorus ylide-terminated heterocumulenes and CN2 to produce multisubstituted pyrazoles. Ultimately, even exclusive carbon-atom transfer is possible. In reactions with aldehydes and acyclic and cyclic ketones (R2C=O), the carbon-atom substitution forms a vinylidene (R2C=C:) en route to alkynes or butatrienes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Koike
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jhen-Kuei Yu
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Max M Hansmann
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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4
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Lachguar A, Del Rosal I, Maron L, Jeanneau E, Veyre L, Thieuleux C, Camp C. π-Bonding of Group 11 Metals to a Tantalum Alkylidyne Alkyl Complex Promotes Unusual Tautomerism to Bis-alkylidene and CO 2 to Ketenyl Transformation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18306-18319. [PMID: 38936814 PMCID: PMC11240581 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
A salt metathesis synthetic strategy is used to access rare tantalum/coinage metal (Cu, Ag, Au) heterobimetallic complexes. Specifically, complex [Li(THF)2][Ta(CtBu)(CH2tBu)3], 1, reacts with (IPr)MCl (M = Cu, Ag, Au, IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) to afford the alkylidyne-bridged species [Ta(CH2tBu)3(μ-CtBu)M(IPr)] 2-M. Interestingly, π-bonding of group 11 metals to the Ta─C moiety promotes a rare alkylidyne alkyl to bis-alkylidene tautomerism, in which compounds 2-M are in equilibrium with [Ta(CHtBu)(CH2tBu)2(μ-CHtBu)M(IPr)] 3-M. This equilibrium was studied in detail using NMR spectroscopy and computational studies. This reveals that the equilibrium position is strongly dependent on the nature of the coinage metal going down the group 11 triad, thus offering a new valuable avenue for controlling this phenomenon. Furthermore, we show that these uncommon bimetallic couples could open attractive opportunities for synergistic reactivity. We notably report an uncommon deoxygenative carbyne transfer to CO2 resulting in rare examples of coinage metal ketenyl species, (tBuCCO)M(IPr), 4-M (M = Cu, Ag, Au). In the case of the Ta/Li analogue 1, the bis(alkylidene) tautomer is not detected, and the reaction with CO2 does not cleanly yield ketenyl species, which highlights the pivotal role played by the coinage metal partner in controlling these unconventional reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhak Lachguar
- Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials (CP2M UMR 5128), CNRS, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE-Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne F-69616, France
| | - Iker Del Rosal
- CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR 5215, LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse F-31077, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR 5215, LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse F-31077, France
| | - Erwann Jeanneau
- Centre de Diffractométrie Henri Longchambon, Université de Lyon, 5 Rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne 69100, France
| | - Laurent Veyre
- Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials (CP2M UMR 5128), CNRS, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE-Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne F-69616, France
| | - Chloé Thieuleux
- Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials (CP2M UMR 5128), CNRS, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE-Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne F-69616, France
| | - Clément Camp
- Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials (CP2M UMR 5128), CNRS, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE-Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne F-69616, France
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5
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Krischer F, Gessner VH. Ligand Exchange at Carbon: Synthetic Entry to Elusive Species and Versatile Reagents. JACS AU 2024; 4:1709-1722. [PMID: 38818072 PMCID: PMC11134600 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
How different is carbon compared to other elements in the periodic table? Can carbon compounds be regarded as coordination complexes with carbon as the central element undergoing a facile exchange of its ligands? Although carbon clearly plays a special role among the elements of the periodic table, recent studies have drawn parallels between the bonding situation and the reactivity of carbon compounds to transition metal complexes. This Perspective summarizes recent reports about ylidic and zwitterionic compounds that were shown to exhibit ambiguous bonding situations that can be interpreted as donor-acceptor interactions similar to the bond between a metal and a neutral ligand. Based on this conception, ligand exchange reactions prototypical of transition metal complexes were realized at carbon atoms, enabling new synthetic strategies for the synthesis of reactive species and building blocks. In particular, the exchange of N2, CO, and phosphine ligands led to the development of a mild method for accessing new compounds and reagents with unusual properties, such as vinylidene ketenes or stable ketenyl anions, that open up a diverse but still poorly explored follow-up chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Krischer
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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6
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Wang T, Guo Z, English LE, Stephan DW, Jupp AR, Xu M. Synthesis and Reactivity of the [NCCCO] - Cyanoketenate Anion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402728. [PMID: 38483891 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Cyanoketene is a fundamental molecule that is actively being searched for in the interstellar medium. Its deprotonated form (cyanoketenate) is a heterocumulene that is isoelectronic to carbon suboxide whose structure has been the subject of debate. However, the investigation of cyanoketene and its derivatives is hampered by the lack of practical synthetic routes to these compounds. We report the first synthesis of the cyanoketenate anion in [K(18-crown-6)][NCCCO] (1) as a stable molecule on a multigram scale in excellent yields (>90 %). The structure of this molecule is probed crystallographically and computationally. We also explore the protonation of 1, and its reaction with triphenylsilylchloride and carbon dioxide. In all cases, anionic dimers are formed. The cyanoketene could be synthesized and crystallographically characterized when stabilized by a N-heterocyclic carbene. The cyanoketenate is a very useful unsaturated building block containing N, C and O atoms that can now be explored with relative ease and will undoubtedly unlock more interesting reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Rd, Shanghai, China, 200092
| | - Zhuangzhuang Guo
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Rd, Shanghai, China, 200092
| | - Laura E English
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK, B15 2TT
| | - Douglas W Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S3H6
| | - Andrew R Jupp
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK, B15 2TT
| | - Maotong Xu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Rd, Shanghai, China, 200092
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7
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Krischer F, Swamy VSVSN, Feichtner KS, Ward RJ, Gessner VH. The Cyanoketenyl Anion [NC 3O] . Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403766. [PMID: 38470943 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Cumulenes and heterocumulenes with three or more cumulative multiple bonds are usually reactive species that serve as valuable building blocks for more complex molecules but tend to isomerize or cyclize and therefore are difficult to isolate. Using a mild ligand exchange reaction at the carbon in α-metalated ylides, we have now succeeded in the synthesis and gram-scale isolation of the elusive cyanoketenyl anion [NC3O]-. Despite its assumed cumulene-like structure and the delocalization of the negative charge across the whole 5-atom molecule, it features a bent geometry with a nucleophilic central carbon atom. Computational studies reveal an ambiguous bonding situation in the anion, which can be illustrated only by a combination of different resonance structures. Nonetheless, the anion features remarkable stability, thus allowing the storage of its potassium-crown ether salt and its application as a highly functional synthetic building block. The cyanoketenyl anion readily reacts with a series of small molecules to form more complex organic compounds, including industrially valuable compounds such as cyanoacetate. This work demonstrated that reactive species can be generated by novel synthesis methods and open up atom-economic pathways to complex compounds from small abundant molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Krischer
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Varre S V S N Swamy
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Kai-Stephan Feichtner
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Robert J Ward
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Viktoria H Gessner
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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8
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Merschel A, Vishnevskiy YV, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Ghadwal RS. Boosting the π-Acceptor Property of Mesoionic Carbenes by Carbonylation with Carbon Monoxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318525. [PMID: 38284508 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
We report the room temperature dimerization of carbon monoxide mediated by C4/C5-vicinal anionic dicarbenes Li(ADC) (ADC = ArC{(Dipp)NC}2 ; Dipp = 2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 ; Ar = Ph, DMP (4-Me2 NC6 H4 ), Bp (4-PhC6 H4 )) to yield (E)-ethene-1,2-bis(olate) (i.e. - O-C=C-O- = COen ) bridged mesoionic carbene (iMIC) lithium compounds COen -[(iMIC)Li]2 (COen -[iMIC]2 = [ArC{(Dipp)NC}2 (CO)]2 ) in quantitative yields. COen -[(iMIC)Li]2 are highly colored stable solids, exhibit a strikingly small HOMO-LUMO energy gap, and readily undergo 2e-oxidations with selenium, CuCl (or CuCl2 ), and AgCl to afford the dinuclear compounds COon -[(iMIC)E]2 (E = Se, CuCl, AgCl) featuring a 1,2-dione bridged neutral bis-iMIC (i.e. COon -[iMIC]2 = [ArC{(Dipp)NC}2 (C=O)]2 ). COen -[(iMIC)Li]2 undergo redox-neutral salt metathesis reactions with LiAlH4 and (Et2 O)2 BeBr2 and afford COen -[(iMIC)AlH2 ]2 and COen -[(iMIC)BeBr]2 , in which the dianionic COen -moiety remains intact. All compounds have been characterized by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction. Stereoelectronic properties of COon -[iMIC]2 are quantified by experimental and theoretical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Merschel
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Yury V Vishnevskiy
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Rajendra S Ghadwal
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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9
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Jörges M, Gremillion AJ, Knyszek D, Kelley SP, Walensky JR, Gessner VH. From a mercury(II) bis(yldiide) complex to actinide yldiides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3190-3193. [PMID: 38415283 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05553a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The bis(yldiide) mercury complex, (L-Hg-L) [L = C(PPh3)P(S)Ph2], is prepared from the corresponding potassium yldiide and used to access the first substituted yldiide actinide complexes [(C5Me5)2An(L)(Cl)] (An = U, Th) via salt metathesis. Compared to previously reported phosphinocarbene complexes, the complexes exhibit long actinide-carbon distances, which can be explained by the strong polarization of the π-electron density toward carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Jörges
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany.
| | - Alexander J Gremillion
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany.
| | - Daniel Knyszek
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany.
| | - Steven P Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Justin R Walensky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Viktoria H Gessner
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany.
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10
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Dutta S, Lu YL, Erchinger JE, Shao H, Studer E, Schäfer F, Wang H, Rana D, Daniliuc CG, Houk KN, Glorius F. Double Strain-Release [2π+2σ]-Photocycloaddition. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5232-5241. [PMID: 38350439 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
In pursuit of potent pharmaceutical candidates and to further improve their chemical traits, small ring systems can serve as a potential starting point. Small ring units have the additional merit of loaded strain at their core, making them suitable reactants as they can capitalize on this intrinsic driving force. With the introduction of cyclobutenone as a strained precursor to ketene, the photocycloaddition with another strained unit, bicyclo[1.1.0]butane (BCB), enables the reactivity of both π-units in the transient ketene. This double strain-release driven [2π+2σ]-photocycloaddition promotes the synthesis of diverse heterobicyclo[2.1.1]hexane units, a pharmaceutically relevant bioisostere. The effective reactivity under catalyst-free conditions with a high functional group tolerance defines its synthetic utility. Experimental mechanistic studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that the [2π+2σ]-photocycloaddition takes place via a triplet mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhabrata Dutta
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Yi-Lin Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Johannes E Erchinger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Huiling Shao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Emanuel Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Felix Schäfer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Huamin Wang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Debanjan Rana
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
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11
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Jörges M, Mondal S, Kumar M, Duari P, Krischer F, Löffler J, Gessner VH. Phosphinoyl-Substituted Ketenyl Anions: Synthesis and Substituent Effects on the Structural Properties. Organometallics 2024; 43:585-593. [PMID: 38425382 PMCID: PMC10900514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Ketenyl anions are versatile intermediates in synthetic chemistry and have recently become accessible as isolable reagents from metalated ylides by exchange of the phosphine with CO. Herein, we report on a systematic study of substituent effects on the structure and bonding situation in ketenyl anions. A series of phosphinoyl-substituted ketenyl anions {[R2P(X)CCO]- with X = O, NTol, S, Se} were prepared by carbonylation of the corresponding yldiides and isolated as their corresponding potassium salts. NMR and IR spectroscopic analyses together with computational studies demonstrate that the more electron-withdrawing oxo- and iminophosphinoyl substituents increase the s-character in the bond to the ketene moiety and hence the ynolate character of the anion. This trend is particularly seen in solution, whereas the solid-state properties are influenced by packing effects affecting the bonding situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Jörges
- Faculty of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Felix Krischer
- Faculty of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Julian Löffler
- Faculty of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Faculty of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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12
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Sheng H, Chen Z, Song Q. Palladium-Catalyzed Difluorocarbene Transfer Enabled Divergent Synthesis of γ-Butenolides and Ynones from Iodobenzene and Terminal Alkynes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1722-1731. [PMID: 38173091 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report a ligand-controlled palladium-catalyzed method that enables the synthesis of ynones and γ-butenolides with excellent regioselectivity from the same set of readily available aryl iodides, aryl acetylenes, and BrCF2CO2K. In this reaction, the [PdII]═CF2 does demonstrate electrophilicity and can generate CO readily when reacting with H2O. It is environmentally friendly and safe compared to traditional methods, and the current protocol enables us to afford ynones and γ-butenolides in high yields with excellent functionality tolerance. Moreover, esters can also be obtained with corresponding phenols and alcohols utilizing this strategy. The success of late-stage functionalization of bioactive compounds further illustrates the synthetic utility of this protocol in material development and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyun Sheng
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Material Sciences Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Material Sciences Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Qiuling Song
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Material Sciences Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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13
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Chen X, Guan S, Zhou J, Shang H, Zhang J, Lv F, Yu H, Li H, Bian Z. Photocatalytic Free Radical-Controlled Synthesis of High-Performance Single-Atom Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312734. [PMID: 37735738 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have emerged as crucial players in catalysis research, prompting extensive investigation and application. The precise control of metal atom nucleation and growth has garnered significant attention. In this study, we present a straightforward approach for preparing SACs utilizing a photocatalytic radical control strategy. Notably, we demonstrate for the first time that radicals generated during the photochemical process effectively hinder the aggregation of individual atoms. By leveraging the cooperative anchoring of nitrogen atoms and crystal lattice oxygen on the support, we successfully stabilize the single atom. Our Pd1 /TiO2 catalysts exhibit remarkable catalytic activity and stability in the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction, which was 43 times higher than Pd/C. Furthermore, we successfully depose Pd atoms onto various substrates, including TiO2 , CeO2 , and WO3 . The photocatalytic radical control strategy can be extended to other single-atom catalysts, such as Ir, Pt, Rh, and Ru, underscoring its broad applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Shuhui Guan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Jianjiang Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Hengjun Shang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Fujian Lv
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, 655400, China
| | - Han Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Hexing Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
- Shanghai University of Electric Power, 2588 Changyang Rd., Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Zhenfeng Bian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
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Krischer F, Jörges M, Leung TF, Darmandeh H, Gessner VH. Selectivity Control of the Ligand Exchange at Carbon in α-Metallated Ylides as a Route to Ketenyl Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309629. [PMID: 37581571 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
α-Metallated ylides have recently been reported to undergo phosphine by CO exchange at the ylidic carbon atom to form isolable ketenyl anions. Systematic studies on the tosyl-substituted yldiides, R3 P=C(M)Ts (M=Li, Na, K), now reveal that carbonylation may lead to a competing metal salt (MTs) elimination. This side-reaction can be controlled by the choice of phosphine, metal cation, solvent and co-ligands, thus enabling the selective isolation of the ketenyl anion [Ts-CCO]M (2-M). Complexation of 2-Na by crown ether or cryptand allowed structure elucidation of the first free ketenyl anion [Ts-CCO]- , which showed an almost linear Ts-C-C linkage indicative for a pronounced ynolate character. However, DFT studies support a high charge at the ketenyl carbon atom, which is reflected in the selective carbon-centered reactivity. Overall, the present study provides important information on the selectivity control of ketenyl anion formation which will be crucial for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Krischer
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Inorganic Chemistry II, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mike Jörges
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Inorganic Chemistry II, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tsz-Fai Leung
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Inorganic Chemistry II, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Heidar Darmandeh
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Inorganic Chemistry II, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Viktoria H Gessner
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Inorganic Chemistry II, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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15
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Hansmann MM. Diazoalkenes: From an Elusive Intermediate to a Stable Substance Class in Organic Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304574. [PMID: 37095063 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Over decades diazoalkenes (R2 C=C=N2 ) were postulated as reactive intermediates in organic chemistry even though their direct spectroscopic detection proved very challenging. In the 1970/80ies several groups probed their existence mainly indirectly by trapping experiments or directly by matrix-isolation studies. In 2021, our group and the Severin group reported independently the synthesis and characterization of the first room-temperature stable diazoalkenes, which initiated a rapidly expanding research field. Up to now four different classes of N-heterocyclic substituted room-temperature stable diazoalkenes have been reported. Their properties and unique reactivity, such as N2 /CO exchange or utilization as vinylidene precursors in organic and transition metal chemistry are presented. This review summarizes the early discoveries of diazoalkenes from their initial postulation as transient, elusive species up to the recent findings of the room-temperature stable derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max M Hansmann
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, Dortmund, Germany
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Jiang S, Cai Y, Rajeshkumar T, Del Rosal I, Maron L, Xu X. Synthesis and Reactivity of a Zinc Diazoalkyl Complex: [3+2] Cycloaddition Reaction with Carbon Monoxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307244. [PMID: 37358377 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of the first example of a well-defined zinc α-diazoalkyl complex. Treatment of zinc(I)-zinc(I) bonded compound L2 Zn2 [L=CH3 C(2,6-i Pr2 C6 H3 N)CHC(CH3 )(NCH2 CH2 PPh2 )] or zinc(II) hydride LZnH with trimethylsilyldiazomethane affords zinc diazoalkyl complex LZnC(N2 )SiMe3 . This complex liberates N2 in the presence of a nickel catalyst to form an α-zincated phosphorus ylide by reacting with the pendant phosphine. It selectively undergoes formal [3+2] cycloaddition with CO2 or CO to form the corresponding product with a five-membered heterocyclic core. Notably, the use of CO in such a [3+2] cycloaddition reaction is unprecedented, reflecting a novel CO reaction mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Cai
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Iker Del Rosal
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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Yuvaraj K, Mullins JC, Rajeshkumar T, Douair I, Maron L, Jones C. Molybdenum carbonyl assisted reductive tetramerization of CO by activated magnesium(i) compounds: squarate dianion vs. metallo-ketene formation. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5188-5195. [PMID: 37206401 PMCID: PMC10189904 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01487h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactions of a dimagnesium(i) compound, [{(DipNacnac)Mg}2] (DipNacnac = [HC(MeCNDip)2]-, Dip = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl), pre-activated by coordination with simple Lewis bases (4-dimethylaminopyridine, DMAP; or TMC, :C(MeNCMe)2), with 1 atmosphere of CO in the presence of one equivalent of Mo(CO)6 at room temperature, led to the reductive tetramerisation of the diatomic molecule. When the reactions were carried out at room temperature, there is an apparent competition between the formation of magnesium squarate, [{(DipNacnac)Mg}{cyclo-(κ4-C4O4)}{μ-Mg(DipNacnac)}]2, and magnesium metallo-ketene products, [{(DipNacnac)Mg}[μ-O[double bond, length as m-dash]CC{Mo(CO)5}C(O)CO2]{Mg(D)(DipNacnac)}], which are not inter-convertible. Repeating the reactions at 80 °C led to the selective formation of the magnesium squarate, implying that this is the thermodynamic product. In an analogous reaction, in which THF is the Lewis base, only the metallo-ketene complex, [{(DipNacnac)Mg}[μ-O[double bond, length as m-dash]CC{Mo(CO)5}C(O)CO2]{Mg(THF)(DipNacnac)}] is formed at room temperature, while a complex product mixture is obtained at elevated temperature. In contrast, treatment of a 1 : 1 mixture of the guanidinato magnesium(i) complex, [(Priso)Mg-Mg(Priso)] (Priso = [Pri2NC(NDip)2]-), and Mo(CO)6, with CO gas in a benzene/THF solution, gave a low yield of the squarate complex, [{(Priso)(THF)Mg}{cyclo-(κ4-C4O4)}{μ-Mg(THF)(Priso)}]2, at 80 °C. Computational analyses of the electronic structure of squarate and metallo-ketene product types corroborate the bonding proposed from experimental data, for the C4O4 fragments of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yuvaraj
- School of Chemistry, Monash University PO Box 23 VIC 3800 Australia http://www.monash.edu/science/research-groups/chemistry/jonesgroup https://twitter.com/Jones_Research
| | - Jeremy C Mullins
- School of Chemistry, Monash University PO Box 23 VIC 3800 Australia http://www.monash.edu/science/research-groups/chemistry/jonesgroup https://twitter.com/Jones_Research
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- Université de Toulouse et CNRS, INSA, UPS, LPCNO UMR 5215, 135 Avenue de Rangueil F-31077 Toulouse France
| | - Iskander Douair
- Université de Toulouse et CNRS, INSA, UPS, LPCNO UMR 5215, 135 Avenue de Rangueil F-31077 Toulouse France
| | - Laurent Maron
- Université de Toulouse et CNRS, INSA, UPS, LPCNO UMR 5215, 135 Avenue de Rangueil F-31077 Toulouse France
| | - Cameron Jones
- School of Chemistry, Monash University PO Box 23 VIC 3800 Australia http://www.monash.edu/science/research-groups/chemistry/jonesgroup https://twitter.com/Jones_Research
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Pramanik M, Melen RL. Metal-free routes from carbon monoxide to ketenes. Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2023.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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