1
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Cygorek M, Gauger EM. ACE: A general-purpose non-Markovian open quantum systems simulation toolkit based on process tensors. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:074111. [PMID: 39158046 DOI: 10.1063/5.0221182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
We describe a general-purpose computational toolkit for simulating open quantum systems, which provides numerically exact solutions for composites of zero-dimensional quantum systems that may be strongly coupled to multiple, quite general non-Markovian environments. It is based on process tensor matrix product operators (PT-MPOs), which efficiently encapsulate environment influences. The code features implementations of several PT-MPO algorithms, in particular Automated Compression of Environments for general environments comprised of independent modes as well as schemes for generalized spin boson models. The latter includes a divide-and-conquer scheme for periodic PT-MPOs, which enable million time step simulations for realistic models. PT-MPOs can be precalculated and reused for efficiently probing different time-dependent system Hamiltonians. They can also be stacked together and combined to provide numerically complete solutions of small networks of open quantum systems. The code is written in C++ and is fully controllable by configuration files, for which we have developed a versatile and compact human-readable format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Cygorek
- Condensed Matter Theory, Department of Physics, TU Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Erik M Gauger
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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2
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Kawamura K, Yoshida T, Ishihara J, Ishikawa A, Miyajima K. Threshold temperature of superfluorescence generation in CuCl quantum dots under resonant excitation of excitons and resonant two-photon excitation of biexcitons. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:435301. [PMID: 39008983 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad636c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
We studied the threshold temperature of superfluorescence (SF) generation with regard to biexcitons in CuCl quantum dots (QDs) under resonant two-photon excitation of biexcitons and resonant excitation of excitons to demonstrate the influence of initial population densities in the QDs on SF generation. As a result, the threshold temperature under the resonant excitation of excitons was higher than that under the two-photon excitation of biexcitons. This indicates that the high density of excited dots facilitates the rapid establishment of coherence among the dots, overcoming disadvantages of incomplete population inversion and formation process of biexcitons. We performed a theoretical calculation of the time profiles of the biexcitonic emission based on semiconductor luminescence equations. The experimentally obtained temperature dependence of the time profiles was qualitatively reproduced by calculating their dependence on the dephasing rate. In addition, we estimated the temperature dependence of the phase relaxation time of the biexcitons in the CuCl QDs by analyzing the temperature dependence of SF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Kawamura
- Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Yoshida
- Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Jun Ishihara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Akira Ishikawa
- Department of Science for Advanced Materials, University of Yamanashi, Kofu 400-8511, Japan
| | - Kensuke Miyajima
- Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
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3
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Liu Y, Zhou H, Lin L, Sun HB. Tunable single emitter-cavity coupling strength through waveguide-assisted energy quantum transfer. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:171. [PMID: 39025842 PMCID: PMC11258325 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01508-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The emitter-cavity strong coupling manifests crucial significance for exploiting quantum technology, especially in the scale of individual emitters. However, due to the small light-matter interaction cross-section, the single emitter-cavity strong coupling has been limited by its harsh requirement on the quality factor of the cavity and the local density of optical states. Herein, we present a strategy termed waveguide-assisted energy quantum transfer (WEQT) to improve the single emitter-cavity coupling strength by extending the interaction cross-section. Multiple ancillary emitters are optically linked by a waveguide, providing an indirect coupling channel to transfer the energy quantum between target emitter and cavity. An enhancement factor of coupling strengthg ̃ / g > 10 can be easily achieved, which dramatically release the rigorous design of cavity. As an extension of concept, we further show that the ancillae can be used as controlling bits for a photon gate, opening up new degrees of freedom in quantum manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Precision Instrument, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- Department of Precision Instrument, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Linhan Lin
- Department of Precision Instrument, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Hong-Bo Sun
- Department of Precision Instrument, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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4
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Larocque H, Buyukkaya MA, Errando-Herranz C, Papon C, Harper S, Tao M, Carolan J, Lee CM, Richardson CJK, Leake GL, Coleman DJ, Fanto ML, Waks E, Englund D. Tunable quantum emitters on large-scale foundry silicon photonics. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5781. [PMID: 38987545 PMCID: PMC11237125 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Controlling large-scale many-body quantum systems at the level of single photons and single atomic systems is a central goal in quantum information science and technology. Intensive research and development has propelled foundry-based silicon-on-insulator photonic integrated circuits to a leading platform for large-scale optical control with individual mode programmability. However, integrating atomic quantum systems with single-emitter tunability remains an open challenge. Here, we overcome this barrier through the hybrid integration of multiple InAs/InP microchiplets containing high-brightness infrared semiconductor quantum dot single photon emitters into advanced silicon-on-insulator photonic integrated circuits fabricated in a 300 mm foundry process. With this platform, we achieve single-photon emission via resonance fluorescence and scalable emission wavelength tunability. The combined control of photonic and quantum systems opens the door to programmable quantum information processors manufactured in leading semiconductor foundries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Larocque
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Mustafa Atabey Buyukkaya
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Carlos Errando-Herranz
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Institute of Physics, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Camille Papon
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Samuel Harper
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Max Tao
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jacques Carolan
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chang-Min Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | | | - Gerald L Leake
- State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY, 12203, USA
| | - Daniel J Coleman
- State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY, 12203, USA
| | - Michael L Fanto
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Information Directorate, Rome, NY, 13441, USA
| | - Edo Waks
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Dirk Englund
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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5
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Chen C, Yan JY, Babin HG, Wang J, Xu X, Lin X, Yu Q, Fang W, Liu RZ, Huo YH, Cai H, Sha WEI, Zhang J, Heyn C, Wieck AD, Ludwig A, Wang DW, Jin CY, Liu F. Wavelength-tunable high-fidelity entangled photon sources enabled by dual Stark effects. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5792. [PMID: 38987247 PMCID: PMC11237044 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50062-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The construction of a large-scale quantum internet requires quantum repeaters containing multiple entangled photon sources with identical wavelengths. Semiconductor quantum dots can generate entangled photon pairs deterministically with high fidelity. However, realizing wavelength-matched quantum-dot entangled photon sources faces two difficulties: the non-uniformity of emission wavelength and exciton fine-structure splitting induced fidelity reduction. Typically, these two factors are not independently tunable, making it challenging to achieve simultaneous improvement. In this work, we demonstrate wavelength-tunable entangled photon sources based on droplet-etched GaAs quantum dots through the combined use of AC and quantum-confined Stark effects. The emission wavelength can be tuned by ~1 meV while preserving an entanglement fidelity f exceeding 0.955(1) in the entire tuning range. Based on this hybrid tuning scheme, we finally demonstrate multiple wavelength-matched entangled photon sources with f > 0.919(3), paving the way towards robust and scalable on-demand entangled photon sources for quantum internet and integrated quantum optical circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jun-Yong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Hans-Georg Babin
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jiefei Wang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xingqi Xu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Qianqian Yu
- Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Wei Fang
- College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Run-Ze Liu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yong-Heng Huo
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Han Cai
- College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Wei E I Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Christian Heyn
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas D Wieck
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Arne Ludwig
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Da-Wei Wang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bejing, 100190, China
| | - Chao-Yuan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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6
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Yang Y, Yao J, Xiao Y, Fong PT, Lau HK, Hu CM. Anomalous Long-Distance Coherence in Critically Driven Cavity Magnonics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:206902. [PMID: 38829101 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.206902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Developing quantum networks necessitates coherently connecting distant systems via remote strong coupling. Here, we demonstrate long-distance coherence in cavity magnonics operating in the linear regime. By locally setting the cavity near critical coupling with traveling photons, nonlocal magnon-photon coherence is established via strong coupling over a 2-m distance. We observe two anomalies in this long-distance coherence: first, the coupling strength oscillates twice the period of conventional photon-mediated couplings; second, clear mode splitting is observed within the cavity linewidth. Both effects cannot be explained by conventional coupled-mode theory, which reveals the tip of an iceberg of photon-mediated coupling in systems under critical driving. Our Letter shows the potential of using critical phenomena for harnessing long-distance coherence in distributed systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Jiguang Yao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Pak-Tik Fong
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Hoi-Kwan Lau
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby V5A 1S6, Canada
- Quantum Algorithms Institute, Surrey, British Columbia V3T 5X3, Canada
| | - C-M Hu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada
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7
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Boddeti AK, Wang Y, Juarez XG, Boltasseva A, Odom TW, Shalaev V, Alaeian H, Jacob Z. Reducing Effective System Dimensionality with Long-Range Collective Dipole-Dipole Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:173803. [PMID: 38728721 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.173803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Dimensionality plays a crucial role in long-range dipole-dipole interactions (DDIs). We demonstrate that a resonant nanophotonic structure modifies the apparent dimensionality in an interacting ensemble of emitters, as revealed by population decay dynamics. Our measurements on a dense ensemble of interacting quantum emitters in a resonant nanophotonic structure with long-range DDIs reveal an effective dimensionality reduction to d[over ¯]=2.20(12), despite the emitters being distributed in 3D. This contrasts with the homogeneous environment, where the apparent dimension is d[over ¯]=3.00. Our work presents a promising avenue to manipulate dimensionality in an ensemble of interacting emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin K Boddeti
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Graduate Program in Applied Physics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Xitlali G Juarez
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Alexandra Boltasseva
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Teri W Odom
- Graduate Program in Applied Physics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Vladimir Shalaev
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Hadiseh Alaeian
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Zubin Jacob
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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8
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Tečer M, Di Liberto M, Silvi P, Montangero S, Romanato F, Calajó G. Strongly Interacting Photons in 2D Waveguide QED. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:163602. [PMID: 38701484 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.163602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
One-dimensional confinement in waveguide quantum electrodynamics (QED) plays a crucial role to enhance light-matter interactions and to induce a strong quantum nonlinear optical response. In two or higher-dimensional settings, this response is reduced since photons can be emitted within a larger phase space, opening the question whether strong photon-photon interaction can be still achieved. In this study, we positively answer this question for the case of a 2D square array of atoms coupled to the light confined into a two-dimensional waveguide. More specifically, we demonstrate the occurrence of long-lived two-photon repulsive and bound states with genuine 2D features. Furthermore, we observe signatures of these effects also in free-space atomic arrays in the form of weakly subradiant in-band scattering resonances. Our findings provide a paradigmatic signature of the presence of strong photon-photon interactions in 2D waveguide QED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matija Tečer
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Di Liberto
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Padua Quantum Technologies Research Center, Universitá degli Studi di Padova
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Pietro Silvi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Padua Quantum Technologies Research Center, Universitá degli Studi di Padova
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Simone Montangero
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Padua Quantum Technologies Research Center, Universitá degli Studi di Padova
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Filippo Romanato
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Padua Quantum Technologies Research Center, Universitá degli Studi di Padova
- CNR-IOM Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Calajó
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
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9
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Iyer PP, Prescott S, Addamane S, Jung H, Renteria E, Henshaw J, Mounce A, Luk TS, Mitrofanov O, Brener I. Control of Quantized Spontaneous Emission from Single GaAs Quantum Dots Embedded in Huygens' Metasurfaces. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 38620181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Advancements in photonic quantum information systems (QIS) have driven the development of high-brightness, on-demand, and indistinguishable semiconductor epitaxial quantum dots (QDs) as single photon sources. Strain-free, monodisperse, and spatially sparse local-droplet-etched (LDE) QDs have recently been demonstrated as a superior alternative to traditional Stranski-Krastanov QDs. However, integration of LDE QDs into nanophotonic architectures with the ability to scale to many interacting QDs is yet to be demonstrated. We present a potential solution by embedding isolated LDE GaAs QDs within an Al0.4Ga0.6As Huygens' metasurface with spectrally overlapping fundamental electric and magnetic dipolar resonances. We demonstrate for the first time a position- and size-independent, 1 order of magnitude increase in the collection efficiency and emission lifetime control for single-photon emission from LDE QDs embedded within the Huygens' metasurfaces. Our results represent a significant step toward leveraging the advantages of LDE QDs within nanophotonic architectures to meet the scalability demands of photonic QIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad P Iyer
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Lab, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Samuel Prescott
- University College London, Electronic and Electrical Engineering, London WC1E 7JE, U.K
| | - Sadhvikas Addamane
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Lab, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Hyunseung Jung
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Lab, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Emma Renteria
- Center for High Technology Materials, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Jacob Henshaw
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Lab, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Andrew Mounce
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Lab, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Ting S Luk
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Lab, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Oleg Mitrofanov
- University College London, Electronic and Electrical Engineering, London WC1E 7JE, U.K
| | - Igal Brener
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Lab, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
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10
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Chuang YT, Hsu LY. Microscopic theory of exciton-polariton model involving multiple molecules: Macroscopic quantum electrodynamics formulation and essence of direct intermolecular interactions. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:114105. [PMID: 38501476 DOI: 10.1063/5.0192704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) and its extensions are widely used for the description of exciton-polariton systems. However, the exciton-polariton models based on CQED vary greatly within different contexts. One of the most significant discrepancies among these CQED models is whether one should include direct intermolecular interactions in the CQED Hamiltonian. To answer this question, in this article, we derive an effective dissipative CQED model including free-space dipole-dipole interactions (CQED-DDI) from a microscopic Hamiltonian based on macroscopic quantum electrodynamics. Dissipative CQED-DDI successfully captures the nature of vacuum fluctuations in dielectric media and separates them into free-space effects and dielectric-induced effects. The former include spontaneous emissions, dephasings, and dipole-dipole interactions in free space; the latter include exciton-polariton interactions and photonic losses due to dielectric media. We apply dissipative CQED-DDI to investigate the exciton-polariton dynamics (the population dynamics of molecules above a plasmonic surface) and compare the results with those based on the methods proposed by several previous studies. We find that direct intermolecular interactions are a crucial element when employing CQED-like models to study exciton-polariton systems involving multiple molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Chuang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yan Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Physics Division, National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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11
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Bohr EA, Kristensen SL, Hotter C, Schäffer SA, Robinson-Tait J, Thomsen JW, Zelevinsky T, Ritsch H, Müller JH. Collectively enhanced Ramsey readout by cavity sub- to superradiant transition. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1084. [PMID: 38316781 PMCID: PMC10844618 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45420-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
When an inverted ensemble of atoms is tightly packed on the scale of its emission wavelength or when the atoms are collectively strongly coupled to a single cavity mode, their dipoles will align and decay rapidly via a superradiant burst. However, a spread-out dipole phase distribution theory predicts a required minimum threshold of atomic excitation for superradiance to occur. Here we experimentally confirm this predicted threshold for superradiant emission on a narrow optical transition when exciting the atoms transversely and show how to take advantage of the resulting sub- to superradiant transition. A π/2-pulse places the atoms in a subradiant state, protected from collective cavity decay, which we exploit during the free evolution period in a corresponding Ramsey pulse sequence. The final excited state population is read out via superradiant emission from the inverted atomic ensemble after a second π/2-pulse, and with minimal heating this allows for multiple Ramsey sequences within one experimental cycle. Our scheme is an innovative approach to atomic state readout characterized by its speed, simplicity, and highly directional emission of signal photons. It demonstrates the potential of sensors using collective effects in cavity-coupled quantum emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliot A Bohr
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark.
| | - Sofus L Kristensen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Christoph Hotter
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 21a, Innsbruck, A-6020, Austria
| | - Stefan A Schäffer
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Julian Robinson-Tait
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Jan W Thomsen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Tanya Zelevinsky
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, 538 West 120th Street, New York, 10027-5255, NY, USA
| | - Helmut Ritsch
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 21a, Innsbruck, A-6020, Austria
| | - Jörg H Müller
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
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12
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Nie W, Shi T, Liu YX, Nori F. Non-Hermitian Waveguide Cavity QED with Tunable Atomic Mirrors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:103602. [PMID: 37739354 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.103602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Optical mirrors determine cavity properties by means of light reflection. Imperfect reflection gives rise to open cavities with photon loss. We study an open cavity made of atom-dimer mirrors with a tunable reflection spectrum. We find that the atomic cavity shows anti-PT symmetry. The anti-PT phase transition controlled by atomic couplings in mirrors indicates the emergence of two degenerate cavity supermodes. Interestingly, a threshold of mirror reflection is identified for realizing strong coherent cavity-atom coupling. This reflection threshold reveals the criterion of atomic mirrors to produce a good cavity. Moreover, cavity quantum electrodynamics with a probe atom shows mirror-tuned properties, including reflection-dependent polaritons formed by the cavity and probe atom. Our Letter presents a non-Hermitian theory of an anti-PT atomic cavity, which may have applications in quantum optics and quantum computation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Nie
- Center for Joint Quantum Studies and Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Tao Shi
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2735, Beijing 100190, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Xi Liu
- School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Wakoshi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Center for Quantum Computing, RIKEN, Wakoshi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Physics Department, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
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13
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Tabares C, Muñoz de Las Heras A, Tagliacozzo L, Porras D, González-Tudela A. Variational Quantum Simulators Based on Waveguide QED. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:073602. [PMID: 37656849 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.073602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Waveguide QED simulators are analog quantum simulators made by quantum emitters interacting with one-dimensional photonic band gap materials. One of their remarkable features is that they can be used to engineer tunable-range emitter interactions. Here, we demonstrate how these interactions can be a resource to develop more efficient variational quantum algorithms for certain problems. In particular, we illustrate their power in creating wave function Ansätze that capture accurately the ground state of quantum critical spin models (XXZ and Ising) with fewer gates and optimization parameters than other variational Ansätze based on nearest-neighbor or infinite-range entangling gates. Finally, we study the potential advantages of these waveguide Ansätze in the presence of noise. Overall, these results evidence the potential of using the interaction range as a variational parameter and place waveguide QED simulators as a promising platform for variational quantum algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tabares
- Institute of Fundamental Physics IFF-CSIC, Calle Serrano 113b, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Muñoz de Las Heras
- Institute of Fundamental Physics IFF-CSIC, Calle Serrano 113b, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Tagliacozzo
- Institute of Fundamental Physics IFF-CSIC, Calle Serrano 113b, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - D Porras
- Institute of Fundamental Physics IFF-CSIC, Calle Serrano 113b, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - A González-Tudela
- Institute of Fundamental Physics IFF-CSIC, Calle Serrano 113b, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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14
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Cardenas-Lopez S, Masson SJ, Zager Z, Asenjo-Garcia A. Many-Body Superradiance and Dynamical Mirror Symmetry Breaking in Waveguide QED. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:033605. [PMID: 37540884 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.033605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The many-body decay of extended collections of two-level systems remains an open problem. Here, we investigate whether an array of emitters coupled to a one-dimensional bath undergoes Dicke superradiance. This is a process whereby a completely inverted system becomes correlated via dissipation, leading to the release of all the energy in the form of a rapid photon burst. We derive the minimal conditions for the burst to happen as a function of the number of emitters, the chirality of the waveguide, and the single-emitter optical depth, both for ordered and disordered ensembles. Many-body superradiance occurs because the initial fluctuation that triggers the emission is amplified throughout the decay process. In one-dimensional baths, this avalanchelike behavior leads to a spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking, with large shot-to-shot fluctuations in the number of photons emitted to the left and right. Superradiant bursts may thus be a smoking gun for the generation of correlated photon states of exotic quantum statistics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stuart J Masson
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Zoe Zager
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Ana Asenjo-Garcia
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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15
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Chu XL, Papon C, Bart N, Wieck AD, Ludwig A, Midolo L, Rotenberg N, Lodahl P. Independent Electrical Control of Two Quantum Dots Coupled through a Photonic-Crystal Waveguide. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:033606. [PMID: 37540854 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.033606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Efficient light-matter interaction at the single-photon level is of fundamental importance in emerging photonic quantum technology. A fundamental challenge is addressing multiple quantum emitters at once, as intrinsic inhomogeneities of solid-state platforms require individual tuning of each emitter. We present the realization of two semiconductor quantum dot emitters that are efficiently coupled to a photonic-crystal waveguide and individually controllable by applying a local electric Stark field. We present resonant transmission and fluorescence spectra in order to probe the coupling of the two emitters to the waveguide. We exploit the single-photon stream from one quantum dot to perform spectroscopy on the second quantum dot positioned 16 μm away in the waveguide. Furthermore, power-dependent resonant transmission measurements reveal signatures of coherent coupling between the emitters. Our work provides a scalable route to realizing multiemitter collective coupling, which has inherently been missing for solid-state deterministic photon emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Liu Chu
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camille Papon
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikolai Bart
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas D Wieck
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Arne Ludwig
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Leonardo Midolo
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nir Rotenberg
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Lodahl
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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