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Keller CW, Mundt S, Segal BM. Editorial: CNS myeloid cell function in health and disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1459138. [PMID: 39086488 PMCID: PMC11288962 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1459138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christian W. Keller
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sarah Mundt
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin M. Segal
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Neuroscience Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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2
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Whiteley AE, Ma D, Wang L, Yu SY, Yin C, Price TT, Simon BG, Xu KR, Marsh KA, Brockman ML, Prioleau TM, Zhou KI, Cui X, Fecci PE, Jeck WR, McCall CM, Neff JL, Sipkins DA. Breast cancer exploits neural signaling pathways for bone-to-meninges metastasis. Science 2024; 384:eadh5548. [PMID: 38900896 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh5548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that regulate breast cancer cell (BCC) metastasis and proliferation within the leptomeninges (LM) are poorly understood, which limits the development of effective therapies. In this work, we show that BCCs in mice can invade the LM by abluminal migration along blood vessels that connect vertebral or calvarial bone marrow and meninges, bypassing the blood-brain barrier. This process is dependent on BCC engagement with vascular basement membrane laminin through expression of the neuronal pathfinding molecule integrin α6. Once in the LM, BCCs colocalize with perivascular meningeal macrophages and induce their expression of the prosurvival neurotrophin glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Intrathecal GDNF blockade, macrophage-specific GDNF ablation, or deletion of the GDNF receptor neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) from BCCs inhibits breast cancer growth within the LM. These data suggest integrin α6 and the GDNF signaling axis as new therapeutic targets against breast cancer LM metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Whiteley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Danhui Ma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Seok-Yeong Yu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Claire Yin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Trevor T Price
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Brennan G Simon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Katie R Xu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kathleen A Marsh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Maegan L Brockman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Tatiana M Prioleau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Katherine I Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xiuyu Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Peter E Fecci
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - William R Jeck
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Chad M McCall
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jadee L Neff
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Dorothy A Sipkins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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3
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Beliën J, Swinnen S, D'hondt R, de Juan LV, Dedoncker N, Matthys P, Bauer J, Vens C, Moylett S, Dubois B. CHIT1 at diagnosis predicts faster disability progression and reflects early microglial activation in multiple sclerosis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5013. [PMID: 38866782 PMCID: PMC11169395 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by heterogeneity in disease course and prediction of long-term outcome remains a major challenge. Here, we investigate five myeloid markers - CHIT1, CHI3L1, sTREM2, GPNMB and CCL18 - in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at diagnostic lumbar puncture in a longitudinal cohort of 192 MS patients. Through mixed-effects and machine learning models, we show that CHIT1 is a robust predictor for faster disability progression. Integrative analysis of 11 CSF and 26 central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma single-cell/nucleus RNA sequencing samples reveals CHIT1 to be predominantly expressed by microglia located in active MS lesions and enriched for lipid metabolism pathways. Furthermore, we find CHIT1 expression to accompany the transition from a homeostatic towards a more activated, MS-associated cell state in microglia. Neuropathological evaluation in post-mortem tissue from 12 MS patients confirms CHIT1 production by lipid-laden phagocytes in actively demyelinating lesions, already in early disease stages. Altogether, we provide a rationale for CHIT1 as an early biomarker for faster disability progression in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarne Beliën
- Laboratory for Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stijn Swinnen
- Laboratory for Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robbe D'hondt
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Kortrijk, Belgium
- Imec research group itec, KU Leuven, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Laia Verdú de Juan
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina Dedoncker
- Laboratory for Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Matthys
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Bauer
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Celine Vens
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Kortrijk, Belgium
- Imec research group itec, KU Leuven, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Sinéad Moylett
- Laboratory for Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bénédicte Dubois
- Laboratory for Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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4
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Da Mesquita S, Rua R. Brain border-associated macrophages: common denominators in infection, aging, and Alzheimer's disease? Trends Immunol 2024; 45:346-357. [PMID: 38632001 PMCID: PMC11088519 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian brain border-associated macrophages (BAMs) are strategically positioned to support vital properties and processes: for example, the composition of the brain's perivascular extracellular matrix and cerebrospinal fluid flow via the glymphatic pathway. BAMs also effectively restrict the spread of infectious microbes into the brain. However, while fighting infections, BAMs sustain long-term transcriptomic changes and can be replaced by inflammatory monocytes, potentially leading to a gradual loss of their beneficial homeostatic functions. We hypothesize that by expediting the deterioration of BAMs, multiple infection episodes might be associated with accelerated brain aging and the putative development of neurodegenerative diseases. Our viewpoint is supported by recent studies suggesting that rejuvenating aged BAMs, and counterbalancing their detrimental inflammatory signatures during infections, might hold promise in treating aging-related neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rejane Rua
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Marseille, France.
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5
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Van Steenwinckel J, Bokobza C, Laforge M, Shearer IK, Miron VE, Rua R, Matta SM, Hill‐Yardin EL, Fleiss B, Gressens P. Key roles of glial cells in the encephalopathy of prematurity. Glia 2024; 72:475-503. [PMID: 37909340 PMCID: PMC10952406 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Across the globe, approximately one in 10 babies are born preterm, that is, before 37 weeks of a typical 40 weeks of gestation. Up to 50% of preterm born infants develop brain injury, encephalopathy of prematurity (EoP), that substantially increases their risk for developing lifelong defects in motor skills and domains of learning, memory, emotional regulation, and cognition. We are still severely limited in our abilities to prevent or predict preterm birth. No longer just the "support cells," we now clearly understand that during development glia are key for building a healthy brain. Glial dysfunction is a hallmark of EoP, notably, microgliosis, astrogliosis, and oligodendrocyte injury. Our knowledge of glial biology during development is exponentially expanding but hasn't developed sufficiently for development of effective neuroregenerative therapies. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge for the roles of glia in infants with EoP and its animal models, and a description of known glial-cell interactions in the context of EoP, such as the roles for border-associated macrophages. The field of perinatal medicine is relatively small but has worked passionately to improve our understanding of the etiology of EoP coupled with detailed mechanistic studies of pre-clinical and human cohorts. A primary finding from this review is that expanding our collaborations with computational biologists, working together to understand the complexity of glial subtypes, glial maturation, and the impacts of EoP in the short and long term will be key to the design of therapies that improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cindy Bokobza
- NeuroDiderot, INSERMUniversité Paris CitéParisFrance
| | | | - Isabelle K. Shearer
- School of Health and Biomedical SciencesSTEM College, RMIT UniversityBundooraVictoriaAustralia
| | - Veronique E. Miron
- Barlo Multiple Sclerosis CentreSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- College of Medicine and Veterinary MedicineThe Dementia Research Institute at The University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Rejane Rua
- CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille‐Luminy (CIML), Turing Centre for Living SystemsAix‐Marseille UniversityMarseilleFrance
| | - Samantha M. Matta
- School of Health and Biomedical SciencesSTEM College, RMIT UniversityBundooraVictoriaAustralia
| | - Elisa L. Hill‐Yardin
- School of Health and Biomedical SciencesSTEM College, RMIT UniversityBundooraVictoriaAustralia
| | - Bobbi Fleiss
- NeuroDiderot, INSERMUniversité Paris CitéParisFrance
- School of Health and Biomedical SciencesSTEM College, RMIT UniversityBundooraVictoriaAustralia
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6
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Dalmau Gasull A, Glavan M, Samawar SKR, Kapupara K, Kelk J, Rubio M, Fumagalli S, Sorokin L, Vivien D, Prinz M. The niche matters: origin, function and fate of CNS-associated macrophages during health and disease. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:37. [PMID: 38347231 PMCID: PMC10861620 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02676-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
There are several cellular and acellular structural barriers associated with the brain interfaces, which include the dura, the leptomeninges, the perivascular space and the choroid plexus epithelium. Each structure is enriched by distinct myeloid populations, which mainly originate from erythromyeloid precursors (EMP) in the embryonic yolk sac and seed the CNS during embryogenesis. However, depending on the precise microanatomical environment, resident myeloid cells differ in their marker profile, turnover and the extent to which they can be replenished by blood-derived cells. While some EMP-derived cells seed the parenchyma to become microglia, others engraft the meninges and become CNS-associated macrophages (CAMs), also referred to as border-associated macrophages (BAMs), e.g., leptomeningeal macrophages (MnMΦ). Recent data revealed that MnMΦ migrate into perivascular spaces postnatally where they differentiate into perivascular macrophages (PvMΦ). Under homeostatic conditions in pathogen-free mice, there is virtually no contribution of bone marrow-derived cells to MnMΦ and PvMΦ, but rather to macrophages of the choroid plexus and dura. In neuropathological conditions in which the blood-brain barrier is compromised, however, an influx of bone marrow-derived cells into the CNS can occur, potentially contributing to the pool of CNS myeloid cells. Simultaneously, resident CAMs may also proliferate and undergo transcriptional and proteomic changes, thereby, contributing to the disease outcome. Thus, both resident and infiltrating myeloid cells together act within their microenvironmental niche, but both populations play crucial roles in the overall disease course. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the sources and fates of resident CAMs in health and disease, and the role of the microenvironment in influencing their maintenance and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Dalmau Gasull
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Martina Glavan
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), 14000, Caen, France
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Sai K Reddy Samawar
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry and Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CIMIC), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kishan Kapupara
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry and Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CIMIC), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Joe Kelk
- Laboratory of Stroke and Vascular Dysfunctions, Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Rubio
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), 14000, Caen, France
| | - Stefano Fumagalli
- Laboratory of Stroke and Vascular Dysfunctions, Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Lydia Sorokin
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry and Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CIMIC), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Denis Vivien
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), 14000, Caen, France
- Department of Clinical Research, Caen-Normandie University Hospital, CHU, Avenue de La Côte de Nacre, Caen, France
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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7
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Frumer GR, Shin SH, Jung S, Kim JS. Not just Glia-Dissecting brain macrophages in the mouse. Glia 2024; 72:5-18. [PMID: 37501579 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages have emerged as critical cellular components of the central nervous system (CNS), promoting development, maintenance, and immune defense of the CNS. Here we will review recent advances in our understanding of brain macrophage heterogeneity, including microglia and border-associated macrophages, focusing on the mouse. Emphasis will be given to the discussion of strengths and limitations of the experimental approaches that have led to the recent insights and hold promise to further deepen our mechanistic understanding of brain macrophages that might eventually allow to harness their activities for the management of CNS pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Ronit Frumer
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sun-Hye Shin
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Steffen Jung
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jung-Seok Kim
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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8
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Sankowski R, Süß P, Benkendorff A, Böttcher C, Fernandez-Zapata C, Chhatbar C, Cahueau J, Monaco G, Gasull AD, Khavaran A, Grauvogel J, Scheiwe C, Shah MJ, Heiland DH, Schnell O, Markfeld-Erol F, Kunze M, Zeiser R, Priller J, Prinz M. Multiomic spatial landscape of innate immune cells at human central nervous system borders. Nat Med 2024; 30:186-198. [PMID: 38123840 PMCID: PMC10803260 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02673-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune compartment of the human central nervous system (CNS) is highly diverse and includes several immune-cell populations such as macrophages that are frequent in the brain parenchyma (microglia) and less numerous at the brain interfaces as CNS-associated macrophages (CAMs). Due to their scantiness and particular location, little is known about the presence of temporally and spatially restricted CAM subclasses during development, health and perturbation. Here we combined single-cell RNA sequencing, time-of-flight mass cytometry and single-cell spatial transcriptomics with fate mapping and advanced immunohistochemistry to comprehensively characterize the immune system at human CNS interfaces with over 356,000 analyzed transcriptomes from 102 individuals. We also provide a comprehensive analysis of resident and engrafted myeloid cells in the brains of 15 individuals with peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, revealing compartment-specific engraftment rates across different CNS interfaces. Integrated multiomic and high-resolution spatial transcriptome analysis of anatomically dissected glioblastoma samples shows regionally distinct myeloid cell-type distributions driven by hypoxia. Notably, the glioblastoma-associated hypoxia response was distinct from the physiological hypoxia response in fetal microglia and CAMs. Our results highlight myeloid diversity at the interfaces of the human CNS with the periphery and provide insights into the complexities of the human brain's immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Sankowski
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Patrick Süß
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Benkendorff
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Chotima Böttcher
- Neuropsychiatry Unit and Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin and DZNE, Berlin, Germany
| | - Camila Fernandez-Zapata
- Neuropsychiatry Unit and Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin and DZNE, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chintan Chhatbar
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Cahueau
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gianni Monaco
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Adrià Dalmau Gasull
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ashkan Khavaran
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Grauvogel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Scheiwe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mukesch Johannes Shah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Henrik Heiland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Schnell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Filiz Markfeld-Erol
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Perinatology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mirjam Kunze
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Perinatology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- Neuropsychiatry Unit and Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin and DZNE, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- University of Edinburgh and UK DRI, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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9
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Yang T, Sun Y, Li Q, Alraqmany N, Zhang F. Effects of Ischemic Stroke on Interstitial Fluid Clearance in Mouse Brain: a Bead Study. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:4141-4156. [PMID: 37634198 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01400-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The clearance of brain interstitial fluid (ISF) is important in maintaining brain homeostasis. ISF clearance impairment leads to toxic material accumulation in the brain, and ischemic stroke could impair ISF clearance. The present study investigates ISF clearance under normal and ischemic conditions. The carboxylate-modified FluoSpheres beads (0.04 μm in diameter) were injected into the striatum. Sham or transient middle cerebral artery occlusion surgeries were performed on the mice. The brain sections were immunostained with cell markers, and bead distribution at various time points was examined with a confocal microscope. Primary mouse neuronal cultures were incubated with the beads to explore in vitro endocytosis. Two physiological routes for ISF clearance were identified. The main one was to the lateral ventricle (LV) through the cleft between the striatum and the corpus callosum (CC)/external capsule (EC), where some beads were captured by the ependymal macrophages and choroid plexus. An alternative and minor route was to the subarachnoid space through the CC/EC and the cortex, where some of the beads were endocytosed by neurons. After ischemic stroke, a significant decrease in the main route and an increase in the minor route were observed. Additionally, microglia/macrophages engulfed the beads in the infarction. In conclusion, we report that the physiological clearance of ISF and beads mainly passes through the cleft between the CC/EC and striatum into the LV, or alternatively through the cortex into the subarachnoid space. Stroke delays the main route but enhances the minor route, and microglia/macrophages engulf the beads in the infarction. Ischemic stroke impairs the clearance of brain interstitial fluid/beads. Under physiological conditions, the main route ( ① ) of interstitial fluid clearance is to the lateral ventricle, and the minor one ( ② ) is to the subarachnoid space. Ischemic stroke weakens the main route ( ① ), enhances the minor one ( ② ), and leads to microglial/macrophage phagocytosis within the infarction ( ③ ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Yang
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Qianqian Li
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Nour Alraqmany
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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10
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Rego S, Sanchez G, Da Mesquita S. Current views on meningeal lymphatics and immunity in aging and Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:55. [PMID: 37580702 PMCID: PMC10424377 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00645-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an aging-related form of dementia associated with the accumulation of pathological aggregates of amyloid beta and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. These phenomena are accompanied by exacerbated inflammation and marked neuronal loss, which altogether contribute to accelerated cognitive decline. The multifactorial nature of AD, allied to our still limited knowledge of its etiology and pathophysiology, have lessened our capacity to develop effective treatments for AD patients. Over the last few decades, genome wide association studies and biomarker development, alongside mechanistic experiments involving animal models, have identified different immune components that play key roles in the modulation of brain pathology in AD, affecting its progression and severity. As we will relay in this review, much of the recent efforts have been directed to better understanding the role of brain innate immunity, and particularly of microglia. However, and despite the lack of diversity within brain resident immune cells, the brain border tissues, especially the meninges, harbour a considerable number of different types and subtypes of adaptive and innate immune cells. Alongside microglia, which have taken the centre stage as important players in AD research, there is new and exciting evidence pointing to adaptive immune cells, namely T and B cells found in the brain and its meninges, as important modulators of neuroinflammation and neuronal (dys)function in AD. Importantly, a genuine and functional lymphatic vascular network is present around the brain in the outermost meningeal layer, the dura. The meningeal lymphatics are directly connected to the peripheral lymphatic system in different mammalian species, including humans, and play a crucial role in preserving a "healthy" immune surveillance of the CNS, by shaping immune responses, not only locally at the meninges, but also at the level of the brain tissue. In this review, we will provide a comprehensive view on our current knowledge about the meningeal lymphatic vasculature, emphasizing its described roles in modulating CNS fluid and macromolecule drainage, meningeal and brain immunity, as well as glial and neuronal function in aging and in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanon Rego
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Post-baccalaureate Research Education Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Guadalupe Sanchez
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Neuroscience Ph.D. Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Sandro Da Mesquita
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
- Post-baccalaureate Research Education Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
- Neuroscience Ph.D. Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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11
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Amann L, Masuda T, Prinz M. Mechanisms of myeloid cell entry to the healthy and diseased central nervous system. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:393-407. [PMID: 36759712 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01415-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid cells in the central nervous system (CNS), such as microglia, CNS-associated macrophages (CAMs), dendritic cells and monocytes, are vital for steady-state immune homeostasis as well as the resolution of tissue damage during brain development or disease-related pathology. The complementary usage of multimodal high-throughput and high-dimensional single-cell technologies along with recent advances in cell-fate mapping has revealed remarkable myeloid cell heterogeneity in the CNS. Despite the establishment of extensive expression profiles revealing myeloid cell multiplicity, the local anatomical conditions for the temporal- and spatial-dependent cellular engraftment are poorly understood. Here we highlight recent discoveries of the context-dependent mechanisms of myeloid cell migration and settlement into distinct subtissular structures in the CNS. These insights offer better understanding of the factors needed for compartment-specific myeloid cell recruitment, integration and residence during development and perturbation, which may lead to better treatment of CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Amann
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Takahiro Masuda
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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12
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Murdock MH, Tsai LH. Insights into Alzheimer's disease from single-cell genomic approaches. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:181-195. [PMID: 36593328 PMCID: PMC10155598 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01222-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related disease pathologically defined by the deposition of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain parenchyma. Single-cell profiling has shown that Alzheimer's dementia involves the complex interplay of virtually every major brain cell type. Here, we highlight cell-type-specific molecular perturbations in AD. We discuss how genomic information from single cells expands existing paradigms of AD pathogenesis and highlight new opportunities for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell H Murdock
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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13
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Straeten F, Zhu J, Börsch AL, Zhang B, Li K, Lu IN, Gross C, Heming M, Li X, Rubin R, Ouyang Z, Wiendl H, Mingueneau M, Meyer zu Hörste G. Integrated single-cell transcriptomics of cerebrospinal fluid cells in treatment-naïve multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:306. [PMID: 36536441 PMCID: PMC9764586 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02667-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and often disabling autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) surrounds and protects the CNS. Analysis of CSF can aid the diagnosis of CNS diseases, help to identify the prognosis, and underlying mechanisms of diseases. Several recent studies have leveraged single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to identify MS-associated changes in CSF cells that are considerably more altered than blood cells in MS. However, not all alterations were replicated across all studies. We therefore integrated multiple available scRNA-seq datasets of CSF cells from MS patients with early relapsing-remitting (RRMS) disease. We provide a searchable and interactive resource of this integrated analysis ( https://CSFinMS.bxgenomics.com ) facilitating diverse visualization and analysis methods without requiring computational skills. In the present joint analysis, we replicated the known expansion of B lineage and the recently described expansion of natural killer (NK) cells and some cytotoxic T cells and decrease of monocytes in the CSF in MS. The previous observation of the abundance of Th1-like Th17 effector memory cells in the CSF was not replicated. Expanded CSF B lineage cells resembled class-switched plasmablasts/-cells (e.g., SDC1/CD138, MZB1) as expected. Our integrative analysis thus validates increased cell type diversity and B cell maturation in the CSF in MS and improves accessibility of available data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederike Straeten
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jing Zhu
- grid.417832.b0000 0004 0384 8146Department of Research, Biogen, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Anna-Lena Börsch
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Baohong Zhang
- grid.417832.b0000 0004 0384 8146Department of Research, Biogen, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Kejie Li
- grid.417832.b0000 0004 0384 8146Department of Research, Biogen, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - I-Na Lu
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Catharina Gross
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Heming
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Xiaolin Li
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Rebekah Rubin
- grid.417832.b0000 0004 0384 8146Department of Research, Biogen, Cambridge, MA USA
| | | | - Heinz Wiendl
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Mingueneau
- grid.417832.b0000 0004 0384 8146Department of Research, Biogen, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Gerd Meyer zu Hörste
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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14
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Richard Q, Laurenge A, Mallat M, Sanson M, Castro-Vega LJ. New insights into the Immune TME of adult-type diffuse gliomas. Curr Opin Neurol 2022; 35:794-802. [PMID: 36226710 PMCID: PMC9671594 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000001112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Adult-type diffuse gliomas are highly heterogeneous tumors. Bulk transcriptome analyses suggested that the composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME) corresponds to genetic and clinical features. In this review, we highlight novel findings on the intratumoral heterogeneity of IDH-wildtype and IDH-mutant gliomas characterized at single-cell resolution, and emphasize the mechanisms shaping the immune TME and therapeutic implications. RECENT FINDINGS Emergent evidence indicates that in addition to genetic drivers, epigenetic mechanisms and microenvironmental factors influence the glioma subtypes. Interactions between glioma and immune cells contribute to immune evasion, particularly in aggressive tumors. Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of malignant and immune cell subpopulations is high in recurrent gliomas. IDH-wildtype and IDH-mutant tumors display distinctive changes in their myeloid and lymphoid compartments, and D-2HG produced by IDH-mutant cells impacts the immune TME. SUMMARY The comprehensive dissection of the intratumoral ecosystem of human gliomas using single-cell and spatial transcriptomic approaches advances our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the immunosuppressed state of the TME, supports the prognostic value of tumor-associated macrophages and microglial cells, and sheds light on novel therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Richard
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Genetics and Development of Brain Tumors Team
| | - Alice Laurenge
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Genetics and Development of Brain Tumors Team
| | - Michel Mallat
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Genetics and Development of Brain Tumors Team
| | - Marc Sanson
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Genetics and Development of Brain Tumors Team
- Department of Neurology 2, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital
- Onconeurotek Tumor Bank, Paris, France
| | - Luis Jaime Castro-Vega
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Genetics and Development of Brain Tumors Team
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15
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Ostkamp P, Deffner M, Schulte-Mecklenbeck A, Wünsch C, Lu IN, Wu GF, Goelz S, De Jager PL, Kuhlmann T, Gross CC, Klotz L, Meyer Zu Hörste G, Wiendl H, Schneider-Hohendorf T, Schwab N. A single-cell analysis framework allows for characterization of CSF leukocytes and their tissue of origin in multiple sclerosis. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eadc9778. [PMID: 36449599 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adc9778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral central nervous system (CNS)-infiltrating lymphocytes are a hallmark of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) not only populate the healthy CNS parenchyma but also are suspected to contribute to multiple sclerosis pathology. Because cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), unlike CNS parenchyma, is accessible for diagnostics, we evaluated whether human CSF, apart from infiltrating cells, also contains TRM cells and CNS-resident myeloid cells draining from the parenchyma or border tissues. Using deep generative models, we integrated 41 CSF and 14 CNS parenchyma single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) samples from eight independent studies, encompassing 120,629 cells. By comparing CSF immune cells collected during multiple sclerosis relapse with cells collected during therapeutic very late antigen-4 blockade, we could identify immune subsets with tissue provenance across multiple lineages, including CNS border-associated macrophages, CD8 and CD4 TRM cells, and tissue-resident natural killer cells. All lymphocytic CNS-resident cells shared expression of CXCR6 but showed differential ITGAE expression (encoding CD103). A common signature defined CD4 and CD8 TRM cells by expression of ZFP36L2, DUSP1, and ID2. We further developed a user interface-driven application based on this analysis framework for atlas-level cell identity transfer onto new CSF scRNAseq data. Together, these results define CNS-resident immune cells involved in multiple sclerosis pathology that can be detected and monitored in CSF. Targeting these cell populations might be promising to modulate immunopathology in progressive multiple sclerosis and other neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Ostkamp
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Marie Deffner
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Andreas Schulte-Mecklenbeck
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Christian Wünsch
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - I-Na Lu
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Gregory F Wu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Susan Goelz
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tanja Kuhlmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Catharina C Gross
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Luisa Klotz
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Gerd Meyer Zu Hörste
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Tilman Schneider-Hohendorf
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Nicholas Schwab
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
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16
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Melatonin suppresses the antiviral immune response to EMCV infection through intracellular ATP deprivation caused by mitochondrial fragmentation. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11149. [PMID: 36303911 PMCID: PMC9593192 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, a sleep hormone derived from the pineal gland, has an anti-inflammatory effect on the immune system in addition to modulating the brain nervous system. Previous studies have shown that melatonin suppresses signaling pathways downstream of multiple pattern recognition receptors on the innate immune cells during pathogen infection, but the specific mechanism of suppression has not been well understood. Using an encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) infection model in macrophages, we investigated the effects of melatonin on the antiviral response in innate immunity and found that melatonin attenuated the uptake of viral particles into macrophages. Furthermore, melatonin suppressed cytoskeletal regulation by decreasing ATP production by mitochondria. Finally, in an in vivo infection experiment, we also found that melatonin administration partially exacerbated the infection in the mouse brain. These results suggest that melatonin may have an inhibitory effect on excessive inflammation by suppressing cytoskeletal regulation in the innate immune system, but also suggest that suppression of inflammation may lead to insufficient protection against EMCV infection in vivo.
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17
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Quintana JF, Chandrasegaran P, Sinton MC, Briggs EM, Otto TD, Heslop R, Bentley-Abbot C, Loney C, de Lecea L, Mabbott NA, MacLeod A. Single cell and spatial transcriptomic analyses reveal microglia-plasma cell crosstalk in the brain during Trypanosoma brucei infection. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5752. [PMID: 36180478 PMCID: PMC9525673 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33542-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Human African trypanosomiasis, or sleeping sickness, is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei and induces profound reactivity of glial cells and neuroinflammation when the parasites colonise the central nervous system. However, the transcriptional and functional responses of the brain to chronic T. brucei infection remain poorly understood. By integrating single cell and spatial transcriptomics of the mouse brain, we identify that glial responses triggered by infection are readily detected in the proximity to the circumventricular organs, including the lateral and 3rd ventricle. This coincides with the spatial localisation of both slender and stumpy forms of T. brucei. Furthermore, in silico predictions and functional validations led us to identify a previously unknown crosstalk between homeostatic microglia and Cd138+ plasma cells mediated by IL-10 and B cell activating factor (BAFF) signalling. This study provides important insights and resources to improve understanding of the molecular and cellular responses in the brain during infection with African trypanosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Quintana
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology (WCIP), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, and Veterinary Medicine (SBOHVM), MVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Praveena Chandrasegaran
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology (WCIP), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, and Veterinary Medicine (SBOHVM), MVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Matthew C Sinton
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology (WCIP), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, and Veterinary Medicine (SBOHVM), MVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Emma M Briggs
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology (WCIP), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thomas D Otto
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology (WCIP), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- School of Infection and Immunity, MVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rhiannon Heslop
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology (WCIP), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, and Veterinary Medicine (SBOHVM), MVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Calum Bentley-Abbot
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology (WCIP), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, and Veterinary Medicine (SBOHVM), MVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Colin Loney
- School of Infection and Immunity, MVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- MRC Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Luis de Lecea
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Neil A Mabbott
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Annette MacLeod
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology (WCIP), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, and Veterinary Medicine (SBOHVM), MVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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18
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Zeng H. What is a cell type and how to define it? Cell 2022; 185:2739-2755. [PMID: 35868277 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell types are the basic functional units of an organism. Cell types exhibit diverse phenotypic properties at multiple levels, making them challenging to define, categorize, and understand. This review provides an overview of the basic principles of cell types rooted in evolution and development and discusses approaches to characterize and classify cell types and investigate how they contribute to the organism's function, using the mammalian brain as a primary example. I propose a roadmap toward a conceptual framework and knowledge base of cell types that will enable a deeper understanding of the dynamic changes of cellular function under healthy and diseased conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkui Zeng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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19
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Zhang J, Yuan X, Wang Y, Liu J, Li Z, Li S, Liu Y, Gong X, Sun Y, Wu W, Sun L, Du S, Wang T. Tumor-Associated Macrophages Correlate With Prognosis in Medulloblastoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:893132. [PMID: 35860588 PMCID: PMC9289152 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.893132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Macrophage polarization plays an essential role in the tumor microenvironment of brain tumors. However, the role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in medulloblastoma still remains controversial. Thus, we investigated the distribution of macrophages in medulloblastoma tissues and analyzed the association of TAM recruitment and medulloblastoma patients’ outcomes. Methods We obtained a total of 71 paraffin sections from patients with medulloblastoma, and detected the activated phenotype (M1/M2) by monoclonal antibodies for CD68, HLA-DR and CD163 with multiple fluorescence immunohistochemistry method. The number of polarized macrophages was quantified using the InForm software. Outcomes were analyzed according to clinical data and quantified macrophage data. Results The study revealed that TAMs were significantly higher in sonic hedgehog (SHH) medulloblastoma than in other subgroups, and M1 macrophages in metastatic group were significantly higher than those in non-metastatic group. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariate Cox regression model showed the correlation of high percentage of total macrophages (P = 0.038, HR = 0.241) and M1 macrophages (P = 0.034, HR = 0.333) with good 5-year progression-free survival (PFS); however, M2 macrophages had no correlation with survival of medulloblastoma patients (P> 0.05). Conclusion High percentage of total macrophages and M1 macrophages are correlated with good outcome of medulloblastoma patients. TAMs might be a target of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Hematology Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Key Laboratory of Major Disease in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- Hematologic Disease Laboratory, Hematology Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Key Laboratory of Major Disease in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Shuting Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanshui Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuxu Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Tianyou Wang, ; Shuxu Du,
| | - Tianyou Wang
- Hematology Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Key Laboratory of Major Disease in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Tianyou Wang, ; Shuxu Du,
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20
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Barkaway A, Attwell D, Korte N. Immune-vascular mural cell interactions: consequences for immune cell trafficking, cerebral blood flow, and the blood-brain barrier. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:031914. [PMID: 35581998 PMCID: PMC9107322 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.3.031914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Brain barriers are crucial sites for cerebral energy supply, waste removal, immune cell migration, and solute exchange, all of which maintain an appropriate environment for neuronal activity. At the capillary level, where the largest area of brain-vascular interface occurs, pericytes adjust cerebral blood flow (CBF) by regulating capillary diameter and maintain the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by suppressing endothelial cell (EC) transcytosis and inducing tight junction expression between ECs. Pericytes also limit the infiltration of circulating leukocytes into the brain where resident microglia confine brain injury and provide the first line of defence against invading pathogens. Brain "waste" is cleared across the BBB into the blood, phagocytosed by microglia and astrocytes, or removed by the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through perivascular routes-a process driven by respiratory motion and the pulsation of the heart, arteriolar smooth muscle, and possibly pericytes. "Dirty" CSF exits the brain and is probably drained around olfactory nerve rootlets and via the dural meningeal lymphatic vessels and possibly the skull bone marrow. The brain is widely regarded as an immune-privileged organ because it is accessible to few antigen-primed leukocytes. Leukocytes enter the brain via the meninges, the BBB, and the blood-CSF barrier. Advances in genetic and imaging tools have revealed that neurological diseases significantly alter immune-brain barrier interactions in at least three ways: (1) the brain's immune-privileged status is compromised when pericytes are lost or lymphatic vessels are dysregulated; (2) immune cells release vasoactive molecules to regulate CBF, modulate arteriole stiffness, and can plug and eliminate capillaries which impairs CBF and possibly waste clearance; and (3) immune-vascular interactions can make the BBB leaky via multiple mechanisms, thus aggravating the influx of undesirable substances and cells. Here, we review developments in these three areas and briefly discuss potential therapeutic avenues for restoring brain barrier functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Barkaway
- University College London, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Attwell
- University College London, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nils Korte
- University College London, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, London, United Kingdom
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Mildenberger W, Stifter SA, Greter M. Diversity and function of brain-associated macrophages. Curr Opin Immunol 2022; 76:102181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2022.102181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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