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Stephenson-Gussinye A, Rendón-Bautista LA, Ruiz-Medina BE, Blanco-Olais E, Pérez-Molina R, Marcial-Medina C, Chavarri-Guerra Y, Soto-Pérez-de-Celis E, Morales-Alfaro A, Esquivel-López A, Candanedo-González F, Gamboa-Domínguez A, Cortes-González R, Alfaro-Goldaracena A, Vázquez-Manjarrez SE, Grajales-Figueroa G, Astudillo-Romero B, Ruiz-Manriquez J, Poot-Hernández AC, Licona-Limón P, Furlan-Magaril M. Obtention of viable cell suspensions from breast cancer tumor biopsies for 3D chromatin conformation and single-cell transcriptome analysis. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1420308. [PMID: 39239354 PMCID: PMC11375512 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1420308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular and cellular characterization of tumors is essential due to the complex and heterogeneous nature of cancer. In recent decades, many bioinformatic tools and experimental techniques have been developed to achieve personalized characterization of tumors. However, sample handling continues to be a major challenge as limitations such as prior treatments before sample acquisition, the amount of tissue obtained, transportation, or the inability to process fresh samples pose a hurdle for experimental strategies that require viable cell suspensions. Here, we present an optimized protocol that allows the recovery of highly viable cell suspensions from breast cancer primary tumor biopsies. Using these cell suspensions we have successfully characterized genome architecture through Hi-C. Also, we have evaluated single-cell gene expression and the tumor cellular microenvironment through single-cell RNAseq. Both technologies are key in the detailed and personalized molecular characterization of tumor samples. The protocol described here is a cost-effective alternative to obtain viable cell suspensions from biopsies simply and efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aura Stephenson-Gussinye
- Molecular Genetics Department, Institute of Cellular Physiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis A Rendón-Bautista
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Cellular Physiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Blanca E Ruiz-Medina
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Cellular Physiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Blanco-Olais
- Molecular Genetics Department, Institute of Cellular Physiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosario Pérez-Molina
- Molecular Genetics Department, Institute of Cellular Physiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cleofas Marcial-Medina
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Cellular Physiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yanin Chavarri-Guerra
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique Soto-Pérez-de-Celis
- Department of Geriatrics, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Andrea Morales-Alfaro
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Ayerim Esquivel-López
- Molecular Genetics Department, Institute of Cellular Physiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fernando Candanedo-González
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Armando Gamboa-Domínguez
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rubén Cortes-González
- Surgical Oncology Service, Department of Surgery, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Alfaro-Goldaracena
- Surgical Oncology Service, Department of Surgery, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sara E Vázquez-Manjarrez
- Department of Radiology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guido Grajales-Figueroa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Astudillo-Romero
- Department of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jesús Ruiz-Manriquez
- Department of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A César Poot-Hernández
- Unidad de Bioinformática y Manejo de Información, Institute of Cellular Physiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paula Licona-Limón
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Cellular Physiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mayra Furlan-Magaril
- Molecular Genetics Department, Institute of Cellular Physiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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Peng Y, Xiong R, Wang B, Chen X, Ning Y, Zhao Y, Yang N, Zhang J, Li C, Zhou Y, Li P. The Essential Role of Angiogenesis in Adenosine 2A Receptor Deficiency-mediated Impairment of Wound Healing Involving c-Ski via the ERK/CREB Pathways. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:4532-4550. [PMID: 39247808 PMCID: PMC11380447 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.98856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Adenosine receptor-mediated signaling, especially adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) signaling, has been implicated in wound healing. However, the role of endothelial cells (ECs) in A2AR-mediated wound healing and the mechanism underlying this effect are still unclear. Here, we showed that the expression of A2AR substantially increased after wounding and was especially prominent in granulation tissue. The delaying effects of A2AR knockout (KO) on wound healing are due mainly to the effect of A2AR on endothelial cells, as shown with A2AR-KO and EC-A2AR-KO mice. Moreover, the expression of c-Ski, which is especially prominent in CD31-positive cells in granulation tissue, increased after wounding and was decreased by both EC-A2AR KO and A2AR KO. In human microvascular ECs (HMECs), A2AR activation induced EC proliferation, migration, tubule formation and c-Ski expression, whereas c-Ski depletion by RNAi abolished these effects. Mechanistically, A2AR activation promotes the expression of c-Ski through an ERK/CREB-dependent pathway. Thus, A2AR-mediated angiogenesis plays a critical role in wound healing, and c-Ski is involved mainly in the regulation of angiogenesis by A2AR via the ERK/CREB pathway. These findings identify A2AR as a therapeutic target in wound repair and other angiogenesis-dependent tissue repair processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Peng
- Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang Zhilu, Chongqing 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Renping Xiong
- Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang Zhilu, Chongqing 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang Zhilu, Chongqing 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang Zhilu, Chongqing 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yalei Ning
- Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang Zhilu, Chongqing 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang Zhilu, Chongqing 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang Zhilu, Chongqing 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang Zhilu, Chongqing 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhong Li
- Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang Zhilu, Chongqing 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanguo Zhou
- Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang Zhilu, Chongqing 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang Zhilu, Chongqing 400042, People's Republic of China
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Chiu H, Weinstein KN, Spath S, Hu A, Varela S, Obata-Ninomiya K, Ziegler SF. SKI Regulates Medullary Thymic Epithelial Cell Differentiation to Control Peripheral T Cell Responses in Mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 213:52-62. [PMID: 38767415 PMCID: PMC11182718 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The thymus is an important site for the establishment of an appropriate immune response through positive and negative selection of developing T cells. During selection, developing T cells interact with cortical and medullary thymic epithelial cells (TECs), termed cTECs and mTECs, respectively. Using a Foxn1Cre+/-SKIfl/fl mouse model, we found that TEC-specific deletion of SKI reduced the mTEC compartment in the thymus and that tissue-restricted Ag expression in mTECs was altered. This decrease in the medullary area led to a decrease in CD4 thymocyte cellularity; however, mature CD4 cellularity in the spleen remained normal. Interestingly, naive CD4 T cells purified from SKI-deleted mice showed a defect in proliferation in vitro after global TCR stimulation, and these mice were significantly protected from developing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis compared with the control mice. Overall, our findings suggest that SKI signaling in the thymus regulates mTEC differentiation and function as well as downstream peripheral T cell responses and provide evidence for targeting SKI in T cell-driven autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
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Parambil ST, Antony GR, Littleflower AB, Subhadradevi L. The molecular crosstalk of the hippo cascade in breast cancer: A potential central susceptibility. Biochimie 2024; 222:132-150. [PMID: 38494109 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of breast cancer is perpetually growing globally, and it remains a major public health problem and the leading cause of mortality in women. Though the aberrant activities of the Hippo pathway have been reported to be associated with cancer, constructive knowledge of the pathway connecting the various elements of breast cancer remains to be elucidated. The Hippo transducers, yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ binding motif (TAZ), are reported to be either tumor suppressors, oncogenes, or independent prognostic markers in breast cancer. Thus, there is further need for an explicative evaluation of the dilemma with this molecular contribution of Hippo transducers in modulating breast malignancy. In this review, we summarize the intricate crosstalk of the Hippo pathway in different aspects of breast malignancy, including stem-likeness, cellular signaling, metabolic adaptations, tumor microenvironment, and immune responses. The collective data shows that Hippo transducers play an indispensable role in mammary tumor formation, progression, and dissemination. However, the cellular functions of YAP/TAZ in tumorigenesis might be largely dependent on the mechanical and biophysical cues they interact with, as well as on the cell phenotype. This review provides a glimpse into the plausible biological contributions of the cascade to the inward progression of breast carcinoma and suggests potential therapeutic prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulfath Thottungal Parambil
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre (Research Centre, University of Kerala), Thiruvananthapuram, 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Gisha Rose Antony
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre (Research Centre, University of Kerala), Thiruvananthapuram, 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Ajeesh Babu Littleflower
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre (Research Centre, University of Kerala), Thiruvananthapuram, 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Lakshmi Subhadradevi
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre (Research Centre, University of Kerala), Thiruvananthapuram, 695011, Kerala, India.
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Qureshi HA, Azimi A, Wells J, Fernandez-Penas P. Tape stripped stratum corneum samples are suitable for diagnosis and comprehensive proteomic investigation in mycosis fungoides. Proteomics Clin Appl 2023; 17:e2200039. [PMID: 36824058 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202200039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycosis Fungoides (MF) is a common cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. It can sometimes be challenging to diagnose MF using current clinico-histopathological criteria. Non-invasive molecular profiling analysis has the potential to aid the diagnosis and understanding of MF. METHOD Lesional and body site matched normal stratum corneum samples were obtained from the same MF patients (n = 28) using adhesive discs, followed by proteomic analyses using data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS). Differential abundance analyses and bioinformatic analyses were performed to identify differentially abundant proteins and altered biofunctions between the MF and normal stratum corneum samples. RESULTS In total, 1303 proteins were identified, of which 290 proteins were significantly changed in the MF cohort compared to the normal stratum corneum. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) predicted the significant inhibition of cell death of cancer cells and significant activation of immune-related activities and viral infection in the MF lesions. MF lesions were also associated with upstream regulators relating to immuno-oncologic dysfunctions. The top-250 variating proteins efficiently separated normal stratum corneum from matched MF samples. CONCLUSION Non-invasive proteomic analysis could transform the diagnosis of MF by reducing the need for invasive biopsy. The identification of altered biological functions may serve as useful biomarkers to predict MF progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafsa Anees Qureshi
- Department of Dermatology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ali Azimi
- Department of Dermatology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jillian Wells
- Department of Dermatology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pablo Fernandez-Penas
- Department of Dermatology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
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Aylon Y, Furth N, Mallel G, Friedlander G, Nataraj NB, Dong M, Hassin O, Zoabi R, Cohen B, Drendel V, Salame TM, Mukherjee S, Harpaz N, Johnson R, Aulitzky WE, Yarden Y, Shema E, Oren M. Breast cancer plasticity is restricted by a LATS1-NCOR1 repressive axis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7199. [PMID: 36443319 PMCID: PMC9705295 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34863-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, the most frequent cancer in women, is generally classified into several distinct histological and molecular subtypes. However, single-cell technologies have revealed remarkable cellular and functional heterogeneity across subtypes and even within individual breast tumors. Much of this heterogeneity is attributable to dynamic alterations in the epigenetic landscape of the cancer cells, which promote phenotypic plasticity. Such plasticity, including transition from luminal to basal-like cell identity, can promote disease aggressiveness. We now report that the tumor suppressor LATS1, whose expression is often downregulated in human breast cancer, helps maintain luminal breast cancer cell identity by reducing the chromatin accessibility of genes that are characteristic of a "basal-like" state, preventing their spurious activation. This is achieved via interaction of LATS1 with the NCOR1 nuclear corepressor and recruitment of HDAC1, driving histone H3K27 deacetylation near NCOR1-repressed "basal-like" genes. Consequently, decreased expression of LATS1 elevates the expression of such genes and facilitates slippage towards a more basal-like phenotypic identity. We propose that by enforcing rigorous silencing of repressed genes, the LATS1-NCOR1 axis maintains luminal cell identity and restricts breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Aylon
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noa Furth
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Giuseppe Mallel
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gilgi Friedlander
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, The Nancy & Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine (G-INCPM), The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nishanth Belugali Nataraj
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Meng Dong
- grid.502798.10000 0004 0561 903XDr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and University of Tuebingen, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ori Hassin
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rawan Zoabi
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Benjamin Cohen
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Vanessa Drendel
- grid.416008.b0000 0004 0603 4965Department of Pathology, Robert Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tomer Meir Salame
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Flow Cytometry Unit, Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Saptaparna Mukherjee
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nofar Harpaz
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Randy Johnson
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Walter E. Aulitzky
- grid.416008.b0000 0004 0603 4965Department of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Robert Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yosef Yarden
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Efrat Shema
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Moshe Oren
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
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Kawamura E, Matsubara T, Daikoku A, Deguchi S, Kinoshita M, Yuasa H, Urushima H, Odagiri N, Motoyama H, Kotani K, Kozuka R, Hagihara A, Fujii H, Uchida‐Kobayashi S, Tanaka S, Takemura S, Iwaisako K, Enomoto M, Taguchi YH, Tamori A, Kubo S, Ikeda K, Kawada N. Suppression of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cell growth by SKI via upregulation of the CDK inhibitor p21. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:2122-2135. [PMID: 36114826 PMCID: PMC9714377 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CC) has a poor prognosis and different driver genes depending on the site of onset. Intrahepatic CC is the second-most common liver cancer after hepatocellular carcinoma, and novel therapeutic targets are urgently needed. The present study was conducted to identify novel therapeutic targets by exploring differentially regulated genes in human CC. MicroRNA (miRNA) and mRNA microarrays were performed using tissue and serum samples obtained from 24 surgically resected hepatobiliary tumor cases, including 10 CC cases. We conducted principal component analysis to identify differentially expressed miRNA, leading to the identification of miRNA-3648 as a differentially expressed miRNA. We used an in silico screening approach to identify its target mRNA, the tumor suppressor Sloan Kettering Institute (SKI). SKI protein expression was decreased in human CC cells overexpressing miRNA-3648, endogenous SKI protein expression was decreased in human CC tumor tissues, and endogenous SKI mRNA expression was suppressed in human CC cells characterized by rapid growth. SKI-overexpressing OZ cells (human intrahepatic CC cells) showed upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 mRNA and protein expression and suppressed cell proliferation. Nuclear expression of CDT1 (chromatin licensing and DNA replication factor 1), which is required for the G1/S transition, was suppressed in SKI-overexpressing OZ cells. SKI knockdown resulted in the opposite effects. Transgenic p21-luciferase was activated in SKI-overexpressing OZ cells. These data indicate SKI involvement in p21 transcription and that SKI-p21 signaling causes cell cycle arrest in G1, suppressing intrahepatic CC cell growth. Therefore, SKI may be a potential therapeutic target for intrahepatic CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsushi Kawamura
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka Metropolitan UniversityJapan
| | - Tsutomu Matsubara
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka Metropolitan UniversityJapan
| | - Atsuko Daikoku
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka Metropolitan UniversityJapan
| | - Sanae Deguchi
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka Metropolitan UniversityJapan
| | - Masahiko Kinoshita
- Department of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka Metropolitan UniversityJapan
| | - Hideto Yuasa
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka Metropolitan UniversityJapan
| | - Hayato Urushima
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka Metropolitan UniversityJapan
| | - Naoshi Odagiri
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka Metropolitan UniversityJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Motoyama
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka Metropolitan UniversityJapan
| | - Kohei Kotani
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka Metropolitan UniversityJapan
| | - Ritsuzo Kozuka
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka Metropolitan UniversityJapan
| | - Atsushi Hagihara
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka Metropolitan UniversityJapan
| | - Hideki Fujii
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka Metropolitan UniversityJapan
| | | | - Shogo Tanaka
- Department of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka Metropolitan UniversityJapan
| | - Shigekazu Takemura
- Department of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka Metropolitan UniversityJapan
| | - Keiko Iwaisako
- Department of Medical Life SystemsDoshisha University Graduate School of Life and Medical SciencesKyotoJapan
| | - Masaru Enomoto
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka Metropolitan UniversityJapan
| | | | - Akihiro Tamori
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka Metropolitan UniversityJapan
| | - Shoji Kubo
- Department of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka Metropolitan UniversityJapan
| | - Kazuo Ikeda
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka Metropolitan UniversityJapan
| | - Norifumi Kawada
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka Metropolitan UniversityJapan
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Feng M, Zhou Q, Tu W, Wang Y, Du Y, Xu K. ATF4 promotes brain vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation, invasion and migration by targeting miR-552-SKI axis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270880. [PMID: 35857794 PMCID: PMC9299314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have indicated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) played a crucial role in atherosclerosis and microRNAs (miRNAs) played key roles in biological functions of VSMCs. Whereas, the potential function and mechanism of miR-552 in VSMCs remains unclear. Our aim was to explore the role of miR-552 on VSMCs and underlying mechanism. Material/Methods MTT assay and transwell assay were used to measure the proliferation, invasion, and migration of human brain VSMCs (HBVSMCs) and mice VSMCs (mVSMCs), respectively. Bioinformatics tools and luciferase assay were adopted to verify the association between miR-552 and SKI. Rescue experiments were employed to assess the interaction of miR-552 and SKI in modulating biological functions in HBVSMCs and mVSMCs. The expression level of transcription factors (TFs)was measured via qRT-PCR assay. The effect of ATF4 on miR-552 and SKI expression was tested by qRT-PCR or western blot assay. Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay and JASPAR databases were used to analyze the regulatory linkage between ATF4 and miR-552. Results We found that miR-552 was upregulated in HBVSMCs treated with PDGF-bb and miR-552 overexpression could promote proliferation, invasion, and migration of HBVSMCs and mVSMCs, whereas, miR-552 knockdown had the opposite impact. In addition, we also found that SKI was a direct target of miR-552, which reversed miR-552-mediated proliferation, invasion, and migration in HBVSMCs and mVSMCs. Furthermore, we also discovered that miR-552 overexpression promoted the effects of ATF4 elevation on proliferation, migration and invasion of HBVSMCs and mVSMCs, but, miR-552 decline had the opposite impact. Conclusions ATF4-miR-552-SKI axis played critical roles in the proliferation and migration of HBVSMCs and mVSMCs, which were closely involved in atherosclerosis (AS). Therefore, our findings might offer a novel therapeutic target for AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meina Feng
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Brain Hospital, General Hospital of the YANGTZE River Shipping, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (MF); (QZ)
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Brain Hospital, General Hospital of the YANGTZE River Shipping, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (MF); (QZ)
| | - Wenxian Tu
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Brain Hospital, General Hospital of the YANGTZE River Shipping, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunfeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Brain Hospital, General Hospital of the YANGTZE River Shipping, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanmin Du
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Brain Hospital, General Hospital of the YANGTZE River Shipping, Wuhan, China
| | - Kang Xu
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Brain Hospital, General Hospital of the YANGTZE River Shipping, Wuhan, China
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9
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Dupont S, Wickström SA. Mechanical regulation of chromatin and transcription. Nat Rev Genet 2022; 23:624-643. [DOI: 10.1038/s41576-022-00493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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10
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Wu ZL, Chen YJ, Zhang GZ, Xie QQ, Wang KP, Yang X, Liu TC, Wang ZQ, Zhao GH, Zhang HH. SKI knockdown suppresses apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation of nucleus pulposus cells via inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and ameliorates disc degeneration. Apoptosis 2022; 27:133-148. [PMID: 35147801 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01707-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effects of SKI on interleukin (IL)-1β-induced apoptosis of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), and the Wnt signaling pathway. NP tissue specimens of different Pfirrmann grades (II-V) were collected from patients with different grades of IDD. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to compare SKI mRNA and protein expression in NP tissues from patients. Using the IL-1β-induced IDD model, NP cells were infected with lentivirus-coated si-SKI to downregulate the expression of SKI and treated with LiCl to evaluate the involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining were used to detect NP cell apoptosis, extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism, and related protein expression changes in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. To investigate the role of SKI in vivo, a rat IDD model was established by needle puncture of the intervertebral disc. Rats were injected with lentivirus-coated si-SKI and evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and safranin O staining. SKI expression positively correlated with the severity of human IDD. In the IL-1β-induced NP cell degeneration model, SKI expression increased significantly and reached a peak at 24 h. SKI knockdown protected against IL-1β-induced NP cell apoptosis and ECM degradation. LiCl treatment reversed the protective effects of si-SKI on NP cells. Furthermore, lentivirus-coated si-SKI injection partially reversed the NP tissue damage in the IDD model in vivo. SKI knockdown reduced NP cell apoptosis and ECM degradation by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, ultimately protecting against IDD. Therefore, SKI may be an effective target for IDD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuo-Long Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Gansu, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics Disease of Gansu Province, Gansu, 730000, China
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Ya-Jun Chen
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- Lanzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Guang-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Gansu, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics Disease of Gansu Province, Gansu, 730000, China
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Qi-Qi Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Gansu, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics Disease of Gansu Province, Gansu, 730000, China
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Ke-Ping Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Gansu, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics Disease of Gansu Province, Gansu, 730000, China
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Gansu, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics Disease of Gansu Province, Gansu, 730000, China
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Tai-Cong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Gansu, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics Disease of Gansu Province, Gansu, 730000, China
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Gansu, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics Disease of Gansu Province, Gansu, 730000, China
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Guang-Hai Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Gansu, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics Disease of Gansu Province, Gansu, 730000, China
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Hai-Hong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Gansu, 730000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics Disease of Gansu Province, Gansu, 730000, China.
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
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11
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Zhang YF, Li Q, Huang PQ, Su T, Jiang SH, Hu LP, Zhang XL, Sun Y, Pan H, Yang XM, Li J, Gai YZ, Zhu L, Yao LL, Li DX, Sun YW, Zhang ZG, Liu DJ, Zhang YL, Nie HZ. A low amino acid environment promotes cell macropinocytosis through the YY1-FGD6 axis in Ras-mutant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncogene 2022; 41:1203-1215. [PMID: 35082383 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02159-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), cancer with a high mortality rate and the highest rate of KRAS mutation, reportedly internalizes proteins via macropinocytosis to adapt to low amino acid levels in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we aimed to identify a key regulator of macropinocytosis for the survival of tumor cells in a low amino acid environment in PDAC. FYVE, RhoGEF, and PH domain-containing protein 6 (FGD6) were identified as key regulators of macropinocytosis. FGD6 promoted PDAC cell proliferation, macropinocytosis, and tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. The macropinocytosis level was decreased with FGD6 knockdown in PDAC cell lines. Moreover, FGD6 promoted macropinocytosis by participating in the trans-Golgi network and enhancing the membrane localization of growth factor receptors, especially the TGF-beta receptor. TGF-beta enhanced macropinocytosis in PDAC cells. Additionally, YAP nuclear translocation induced by a low amino acid tumor environment initiated FGD6 expression by coactivation with YY1. Clinical data analysis based on TCGA and GEO datasets showed that FGD6 expression was upregulated in PDAC tissue, and high FGD6 expression was correlated with poor prognosis in patients with PDAC. In tumor tissue from KrasG12D/+/Trp53R172H/-/Pdx1-Cre (KPC) mice, FGD6 expression escalated during PDAC development. Our results uncover a previously unappreciated mechanism of macropinocytosis in PDAC. Strategies to target FGD6 and growth factors membrane localization might be developed for the treatment of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Pei-Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tong Su
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecology and Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Shu-Heng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Li-Peng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xue-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yan-Zhi Gai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lin-Li Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Dong-Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yong-Wei Sun
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - De-Jun Liu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Yan-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Hui-Zhen Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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12
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Zhang A, Aslam H, Sharma N, Warmflash A, Fakhouri WD. Conservation of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Process in Neural Crest Cells and Metastatic Cancer. Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 210:151-172. [PMID: 34218225 DOI: 10.1159/000516466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a highly conserved cellular process in several species, from worms to humans. EMT plays a fundamental role in early embryogenesis, wound healing, and cancer metastasis. For neural crest cell (NCC) development, EMT typically results in forming a migratory and potent cell population that generates a wide variety of cell and tissue, including cartilage, bone, connective tissue, endocrine cells, neurons, and glia amongst many others. The degree of conservation between the signaling pathways that regulate EMT during development and metastatic cancer (MC) has not been fully established, despite ample studies. This systematic review and meta-analysis dissects the major signaling pathways involved in EMT of NCC development and MC to unravel the similarities and differences. While the FGF, TGFβ/BMP, SHH, and NOTCH pathways have been rigorously investigated in both systems, the EGF, IGF, HIPPO, Factor Receptor Superfamily, and their intracellular signaling cascades need to be the focus of future NCC studies. In general, meta-analyses of the associated signaling pathways show a significant number of overlapping genes (particularly ligands, transcription regulators, and targeted cadherins) involved in each signaling pathway of both systems without stratification by body segments and cancer type. Lack of stratification makes it difficult to meaningfully evaluate the intracellular downstream effectors of each signaling pathway. Finally, pediatric neuroblastoma and melanoma are NCC-derived malignancies, which emphasize the importance of uncovering the EMT events that convert NCC into treatment-resistant malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- April Zhang
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hira Aslam
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Neha Sharma
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Aryeh Warmflash
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Walid D Fakhouri
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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13
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Chen J, Wan R, Li Q, Rao Z, Wang Y, Zhang L, Teichmann AT. Utilizing the Hippo pathway as a therapeutic target for combating endocrine-resistant breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:306. [PMID: 34112175 PMCID: PMC8194146 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01999-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is always a great obstacle in any endocrine therapy of breast cancer. Although the combination of endocrine therapy and targeted therapy has been shown to significantly improve prognosis, refractory endocrine resistance is still common. Dysregulation of the Hippo pathway is often related to the occurrence and the development of many tumors. Targeted therapies of this pathway have played important roles in the study of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Targeting the Hippo pathway in combination with chemotherapy or other targeted therapies has been shown to significantly improve specific antitumor effects and reduce cancer antidrug resistance. Further exploration has shown that the Hippo pathway is closely related to endocrine resistance, and it plays a "co-correlation point" role in numerous pathways involving endocrine resistance, including related pathways in breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). Agents and miRNAs targeting the components of the Hippo pathway are expected to significantly enhance the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to endocrine therapy. This review initially explains the possible mechanism of the Hippo pathway in combating endocrine resistance, and it concludes by recommending endocrine therapy in combination with therapies targeting the Hippo pathway in the study of endocrine-resistant breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Provincial Center for Gynaecology and Breast Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Runlan Wan
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinqin Li
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Provincial Center for Gynaecology and Breast Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Zhenghuan Rao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Provincial Center for Gynaecology and Breast Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Alexander Tobias Teichmann
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China. .,Sichuan Provincial Center for Gynaecology and Breast Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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14
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Wozniak A, Boeckx B, Modave E, Weaver A, Lambrechts D, Littlefield BA, Schöffski P. Molecular Biomarkers of Response to Eribulin in Patients with Leiomyosarcoma. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:3106-3115. [PMID: 33795257 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-4315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A randomized phase III study evaluated the efficacy of eribulin versus dacarbazine in patients with advanced liposarcoma and leiomyosarcoma. Improved overall survival (OS) led to approval of eribulin for liposarcoma, but not for leiomyosarcoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We explored the molecular profile of 77 archival leiomyosarcoma samples from this trial to identify potential predictive biomarkers, utilizing low-coverage whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing. Tumor molecular profiles were correlated with clinical data, and disease control was defined as complete/partial response or stable disease (RECIST v1.1). RESULTS Overall, 111 focal copy-number alterations were observed in leiomyosarcoma. Gain of chromosome 17q12 was the most common event, present in 43 of 77 cases (56%). In the eribulin-treated group, gains of 4q26, 20p12.2, 13q13.3, 8q22.2, and 8q13.2 and loss of 1q44 had a negative impact on progression-free survival (PFS), while loss of 2p12 correlated with better prognosis. Gains of 4q22.1 and losses of 3q14.2, 2q14.1, and 11q25 had a negative impact on OS in patients with leiomyosarcoma receiving eribulin. The most commonly mutated genes were TP53 (38%), MUC16 (32%), and ATRX (17%). The presence of ATRX mutations had a negative impact on PFS in both treatment arms; however, the correlation with worse OS was observed only in the eribulin-treated patients. TP53 mutations were associated with longer PFS on eribulin. CONCLUSIONS Leiomyosarcoma has a complex genetic background, with multiple copy-number alterations and mutations affecting genes implicated in tumorigenesis. We identified several molecular changes with potential impact on survival of patients with leiomyosarcoma when treated with eribulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Wozniak
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Bram Boeckx
- Laboratory of Translational Genetics, KU Leuven and VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elodie Modave
- Laboratory of Translational Genetics, KU Leuven and VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amy Weaver
- Global Oncology, Eisai Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Laboratory of Translational Genetics, KU Leuven and VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Patrick Schöffski
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of General Medical Oncology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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15
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SKI activates the Hippo pathway via LIMD1 to inhibit cardiac fibroblast activation. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:25. [PMID: 33847835 PMCID: PMC8043893 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00865-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that overexpression of SKI, an endogenous TGF-β1 repressor, deactivates the pro-fibrotic myofibroblast phenotype in the heart. We now show that SKI also functions independently of SMAD/TGF-β signaling, by activating the Hippo tumor-suppressor pathway and inhibiting the Transcriptional co-Activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ or WWTR1). The mechanism(s) by which SKI targets TAZ to inhibit cardiac fibroblast activation and fibrogenesis remain undefined. A rat model of post-myocardial infarction was used to examine the expression of TAZ during acute fibrogenesis and chronic heart failure. Results were then corroborated with primary rat cardiac fibroblast cell culture performed both on plastic and on inert elastic substrates, along with the use of siRNA and adenoviral expression vectors for active forms of SKI, YAP, and TAZ. Gene expression was examined by qPCR and luciferase assays, while protein expression was examined by immunoblotting and fluorescence microscopy. Cell phenotype was further assessed by functional assays. Finally, to elucidate SKI’s effects on Hippo signaling, the SKI and TAZ interactomes were captured in human cardiac fibroblasts using BioID2 and mass spectrometry. Potential interactors were investigated in vitro to reveal novel mechanisms of action for SKI. In vitro assays on elastic substrates revealed the ability of TAZ to overcome environmental stimuli and induce the activation of hypersynthetic cardiac myofibroblasts. Further cell-based assays demonstrated that SKI causes specific proteasomal degradation of TAZ, but not YAP, and shifts actin cytoskeleton dynamics to inhibit myofibroblast activation. These findings were supported by identifying the bi-phasic expression of TAZ in vivo during post-MI remodeling and fibrosis. BioID2-based interactomics in human cardiac fibroblasts suggest that SKI interacts with actin-modifying proteins and with LIM Domain-containing protein 1 (LIMD1), a negative regulator of Hippo signaling. Furthermore, we found that LATS2 interacts with TAZ, whereas LATS1 does not, and that LATS2 knockdown prevented TAZ downregulation with SKI overexpression. Our findings indicate that SKI’s capacity to regulate cardiac fibroblast activation is mediated, in part, by Hippo signaling. We postulate that the interaction between SKI and TAZ in cardiac fibroblasts is arbitrated by LIMD1, an important intermediary in focal adhesion-associated signaling pathways. This study contributes to the understanding of the unique physiology of cardiac fibroblasts, and of the relationship between SKI expression and cell phenotype.
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16
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Wang M, Xu T, Feng W, Liu J, Wang Z. Advances in Understanding the LncRNA-Mediated Regulation of the Hippo Pathway in Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:2397-2415. [PMID: 33854336 PMCID: PMC8039192 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s283157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of RNA molecules that are longer than 200 nucleotides and cannot encode proteins. Over the past decade, lncRNAs have been defined as regulatory elements of multiple biological processes, and their aberrant expression contributes to the development and progression of various malignancies. Recent studies have shown that lncRNAs are involved in key cancer-related signaling pathways, including the Hippo signaling pathway, which plays a prominent role in controlling organ size and tissue homeostasis by regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. However, dysregulation of this pathway is associated with pathological conditions, especially cancer. Accumulating evidence has revealed that lncRNAs can modulate the Hippo signaling pathway in cancer. In this review, we elaborate on the role of the Hippo signaling pathway and the advances in the understanding of its lncRNA-mediated regulation in cancer. This review provides additional insight into carcinogenesis and will be of great clinical value for developing novel early detection and treatment strategies for this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Wang
- Cancer Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianwei Xu
- Cancer Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyan Feng
- Cancer Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxia Liu
- Cancer Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Cancer Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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17
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Cho YS, Jiang J. Hippo-Independent Regulation of Yki/Yap/Taz: A Non-canonical View. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:658481. [PMID: 33869224 PMCID: PMC8047194 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.658481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Initially identified in Drosophila, the Hippo signaling pathway has emerged as an evolutionarily conserved tumor suppressor pathway that controls tissue growth and organ size by simultaneously inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting cell death. Deregulation of Hippo pathway activity has been implicated in a wide range of human cancers. The core Hippo pathway consists of a kinase cascade: an upstream kinase Hippo (Hpo)/MST1/2 phosphorylates and activates a downstream kinase Warts (Wts)/Lats1/2, leading to phosphorylation and inactivation of a transcriptional coactivator Yki/YAP/Taz. Many upstream signals, including cell adhesion, polarity, mechanical stress, and soluble factors, regulate Hippo signaling through the kinase cascade, leading to change in the cytoplasmic/nuclear localization of Yki/YAP/Taz. However, recent studies have uncovered other mechanisms that regulate Yki/YAP/Taz subcellular localization, stability, and activity independent of the Hpo kinase cascade. These mechanisms provide additional layers of pathway regulation, nodes for pathway crosstalk, and opportunities for pathway intervention in cancer treatment and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Suk Cho
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Jin Jiang
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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18
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Martin AP, Aushev VN, Zalcman G, Camonis JH. The STK38-XPO1 axis, a new actor in physiology and cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:1943-1955. [PMID: 33145612 PMCID: PMC11072208 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03690-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo signal transduction pathway is an essential regulator of organ size during developmental growth by controlling multiple cellular processes such as cell proliferation, cell death, differentiation, and stemness. Dysfunctional Hippo signaling pathway leads to dramatic tissue overgrowth. Here, we will briefly introduce the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway before focusing on one of its members and the unexpected twists that followed our quest of its functions in its multifarious actions beside the Hippo pathway: the STK38 kinase. In this review, we will precisely discuss the newly identified role of STK38 on regulating the nuclear export machinery by phosphorylating and activating, the major nuclear export receptor XPO1. Finally, we will phrase STK38's role on regulating the subcellular distribution of crucial cellular regulators such as Beclin1 and YAP1 with its implication in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Pj Martin
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
| | - Vasily N Aushev
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Gérard Zalcman
- Thoracic Oncology Department, CIC1425/CLIP2 Paris-Nord, Hopital Bichat-Claude-Bernard, Paris, France
- Inserm U830, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris Sciences Et Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Jacques H Camonis
- Inserm U830, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris Sciences Et Lettres Research University, Paris, France
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19
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Wu Y, Li M, Lin J, Hu C. Hippo/TEAD4 signaling pathway as a potential target for the treatment of breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:313. [PMID: 33692845 PMCID: PMC7933775 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women worldwide. The Hippo signaling pathway is strongly associated with cell proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis and resistance to breast cancer treatment. The upstream factors involved in the Hippo signaling pathway, including mammalian Ste20 kinases 1/2, large tumor suppressor kinases 1/2 and transcription coactivator Yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), have been extensively studied as they are considered therapeutic targets for breast cancer. Recently, it has been suggested that the transcriptional enhancer factor domain (TEAD) family of transcription factors, particularly TEAD4, plays an important role in breast cancer. TEADs interact with YAP/TAZ to act as transcription factors. Notably, recent studies have demonstrated that TEAD4 may also function in a YAP/TAZ-independent manner and serve as a prognostic marker for breast cancer. The present review summarizes the current research on the effect of the aberrant activation of the Hippo signaling pathway on breast cancer progression. Furthermore, the latest advances on the role of the TEAD family in breast cancer are highlighted, and the role of TEAD4 as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in breast cancer is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujian Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Mengjie Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Jiayi Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Chenxia Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
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20
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Liao HY, Da CM, Wu ZL, Zhang HH. Ski: Double roles in cancers. Clin Biochem 2020; 87:1-12. [PMID: 33188772 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Ski (Sloan-Kettering Institute) is an evolutionarily conserved protein that plays a dual role as an oncoprotein and tumor suppressor gene in the development of human cancer. The Ski oncogene was first identified as a transforming protein of the avian Sloan-Kettering retrovirus in 1986. Since its discovery, Ski has been identified as a carcinogenic regulator in a variety of malignant tumors. Later, it was reported that Ski regulates the occurrence and development of some cancers by acting as an oncogene. Ski mediates the proliferation, differentiation, metastasis, and invasion of numerous cancer cells through various mechanisms. Several studies have shown that Ski expression is correlated with the clinical characteristics of cancer patients and is a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for cancer. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms and potential clinical implications of Ski in dimorphism, cancer occurrence, and progression in various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yang Liao
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, 82 Cuiying Men, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Chao-Ming Da
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, 82 Cuiying Men, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Zuo-Long Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, 82 Cuiying Men, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Hai-Hong Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, 82 Cuiying Men, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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21
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Zhao W, Wang M, Cai M, Zhang C, Qiu Y, Wang X, Zhang T, Zhou H, Wang J, Zhao W, Shao R. Transcriptional co-activators YAP/TAZ: Potential therapeutic targets for metastatic breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:110956. [PMID: 33189066 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women. Although routine and targeted therapies have improved the survival rate, there are still considerable challenges in the treatment of breast cancer. Metastasis is the leading cause of death in patients diagnosed with breast cancer. Yes-associated protein (YAP) and/or PDZ binding motif (TAZ) are usually abnormally activated in breast cancer leading to a variety of effects on tumour promotion, such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cancer stem cell production and drug-resistance. The abnormal activation of YAP/TAZ can affect metastasis-related processes and promote cancer progression and metastasis by interacting with some metastasis-related factors and pathways. In this article, we summarise the evidence that YAP/TAZ regulates breast cancer metastasis, its post-translational modification mechanisms, and the latest advances in the treatment of YAP/TAZ-related breast cancer metastasis, besides providing a new strategy of YAP/TAZ-based treatment of human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxia Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Mengyan Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Meilian Cai
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Conghui Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Yuhan Qiu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Tianshu Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Huimin Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Junxia Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Wuli Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Rongguang Shao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Wei C, Li X. Verteporfin inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in different subtypes of breast cancer cell lines without light activation. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1042. [PMID: 33121449 PMCID: PMC7599100 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07555-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC) can be divided into five subtypes: Lumina1A, Lumina1B, HER-2 overexpression, Basal-like and Normal breast-like subtype, based on the differently expressed genes in breast cancer tissue. The Hippo signaling pathway plays an indispensable role in BC. The YAP gene is a terminal effector of Hippo pathway, and hyperactivation of YAP mediates tumorigenesis. As an inhibitor of YAP, non-photoactivated verteporfin (VP) can inhibit YAP-mediated tumor proliferation and angiogenesis by eliminating its interaction with TEAD. This study aimed to determine the effect and molecular mechanisms of VP-mediated inhibition of YAP in different subtypes of BC. Methods Luminal A, Luminal B and Basal-like BC cells were cultivated in vitro to study effects of VP on proliferation and apoptosis of these three molecular BC subtypes. Results Our experimental results showed that VP inhibited cell proliferation, YAP-TEAD interaction and expression of its downstream targets. VP also induced tumor cell apoptosis, and promoted the cleavage of Caspase-9 and PARP in the cells of various molecular subtypes of BC. Conclusion These findings provide a basis for the use of VP as a potential anti-tumor therapeutic for BC by targeting the Hippo pathway effector YAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changran Wei
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiangqi Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China. .,Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No.706 TaiShan Road, TaiShan District, Tai'an, 271000, Shandong Province, China.
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23
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Landry NM, Dixon IMC. Fibroblast mechanosensing, SKI and Hippo signaling and the cardiac fibroblast phenotype: Looking beyond TGF-β. Cell Signal 2020; 76:109802. [PMID: 33017619 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblast activation to hyper-synthetic myofibroblasts following a pathological stimulus or in response to a substrate with increased stiffness may be a key tipping point for the evolution of cardiac fibrosis. Cardiac fibrosis per se is associated with progressive loss of heart pump function and is a primary contributor to heart failure. While TGF-β is a common cytokine stimulus associated with fibroblast activation, a druggable target to quell this driver of fibrosis has remained an elusive therapeutic goal due to its ubiquitous use by different cell types and also in the signaling complexity associated with SMADs and other effector pathways. More recently, mechanical stimulus of fibroblastic cells has been revealed as a major point of activation; this includes cardiac fibroblasts. Further, the complexity of TGF-β signaling has been offset by the discovery of members of the SKI family of proteins and their inherent anti-fibrotic properties. In this respect, SKI is a protein that may bind a number of TGF-β associated proteins including SMADs, as well as signaling proteins from other pathways, including Hippo. As SKI is also known to directly deactivate cardiac myofibroblasts to fibroblasts, this mode of action is a putative candidate for further study into the amelioration of cardiac fibrosis. Herein we provide a synthesis of this topic and highlight novel candidate pathways to explore in the treatment of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Landry
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Ian M C Dixon
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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Kyriazoglou A, Liontos M, Zakopoulou R, Kaparelou M, Tsiara A, Papatheodoridi AM, Georgakopoulou R, Zagouri F. The Role of the Hippo Pathway in Breast Cancer Carcinogenesis, Prognosis, and Treatment: A Systematic Review. Breast Care (Basel) 2020; 16:6-15. [PMID: 33716627 DOI: 10.1159/000507538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Hippo pathway is a developmental pathway recently discovered in Drosophila melanogaster; in mammals it normally controls organ development and wound healing. Hippo signaling is deregulated in breast cancer (BC). MST1/2 and LATS1/2 kinases are the upstream molecular elements of Hippo signaling which phosphorylate and regulate the two effectors of Hippo signaling, YAP1 and TAZ cotranscriptional activators. The two molecular effectors of the Hippo pathway facilitate their activity through TEAD transcription factors. Several molecular pathways with known oncogenic functions cross-talk with the Hippo pathway. Methods A systematic review studying the correlation of the Hippo pathway with BC tumorigenesis, prognosis, and treatment was performed. Results Recent literature highlights the critical role of Hippo signaling in a wide spectrum of biological mechanisms in BC. Discussion The Hippo pathway has a crucial position in BC molecular biology, cellular behavior, and response to treatment. Targeting the Hippo pathway could potentially improve the prognosis and outcome of BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michalis Liontos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, General Hospital Alexandra, Athens, Greece
| | - Roubini Zakopoulou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, General Hospital Alexandra, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Kaparelou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, General Hospital Alexandra, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Tsiara
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, General Hospital Alexandra, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Flora Zagouri
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, General Hospital Alexandra, Athens, Greece
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25
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Phase separation of TAZ compartmentalizes the transcription machinery to promote gene expression. Nat Cell Biol 2020; 22:453-464. [PMID: 32203417 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-0485-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
TAZ promotes growth, development and tumorigenesis by regulating the expression of target genes. However, the manner in which TAZ orchestrates the transcriptional responses is poorly defined. Here we demonstrate that TAZ forms nuclear condensates through liquid-liquid phase separation to compartmentalize its DNA-binding cofactor TEAD4, coactivators BRD4 and MED1, and the transcription elongation factor CDK9 for transcription. TAZ forms phase-separated droplets in vitro and liquid-like nuclear condensates in vivo, and this ability is negatively regulated by Hippo signalling through LATS-mediated phosphorylation and is mediated by the coiled-coil (CC) domain. Deletion of the TAZ CC domain or substitution with the YAP CC domain prevents the phase separation of TAZ and its ability to induce the expression of TAZ-specific target genes. Thus, we identify a mechanism of transcriptional activation by TAZ and demonstrate that pathway-specific transcription factors also engage the phase-separation mechanism for efficient and specific transcriptional activation.
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26
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Zheng YW, Li ZH, Lei L, Liu CC, Wang Z, Fei LR, Yang MQ, Huang WJ, Xu HT. FAM83A Promotes Lung Cancer Progression by Regulating the Wnt and Hippo Signaling Pathways and Indicates Poor Prognosis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:180. [PMID: 32195172 PMCID: PMC7066079 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
FAM83A (family with sequence similarity 83, member A) has been found to be highly expressed in cancers. The purpose of this study was to clarify the role and mechanism of FAM83A in lung cancers. The expression of FAM83A in lung cancer cells was enhanced by gene transfection or knocked down by small interfering RNA interference. The key proteins of the Wnt signaling pathway, the Hippo signaling pathway, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) were examined using Western blot. The proliferation and invasion of lung cancer cells were examined using cell proliferation, colony formation, and invasion assays. The expression of FAM83A in lung cancer tissues was significantly increased and was correlated with advanced tumor–node–metastasis (TNM) stage and poor prognosis. Overexpression of FAM83A enhanced the proliferation, colony formation, and invasion of lung cancer cells. Meanwhile, FAM83A overexpression increased the expression of active β-catenin and Wnt target genes and the activity of EMT. Furthermore, in FAM83A-overexpressed cells, the activity of Hippo pathway was downregulated, whereas the expression of yes-associated protein (YAP) and its downstream targets cyclin E and CTGF were upregulated. The inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway, XAV-939, reversed the promoting effect of FAM83A on YAP, cyclin E, and CTGF. On knocking down the expression of FAM83A, we obtained the opposite results. However, the inhibitor of GSK3β, CHIR-99021, restored the expression of YAP, cyclin E, and CTGF after FAM83A was knocked down. FAM83A is highly expressed in lung cancers and correlated with advanced TNM stage and poor prognosis. FAM83A promotes the proliferation and invasion of lung cancer cells by regulating the Wnt and Hippo signaling pathways and EMT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhi-Han Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen-Chen Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Heilongjiang Land Reclamation Bureau, Harbin, China
| | - Liang-Ru Fei
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mai-Qing Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Pathology, Changyi People's Hospital, Changyi, China
| | - Wen-Jing Huang
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong-Tao Xu
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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27
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Geng Z, Wang W, Chen H, Mao J, Li Z, Zhou J. Circ_0001667 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation and survival via Hippo signal pathway by regulating TAZ. Cell Biosci 2019; 9:104. [PMID: 31893023 PMCID: PMC6937801 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-019-0359-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is a most common type of cancer in women. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in cancer development and progression, but their roles and regulatory mechanisms are unclear in breast cancer. Our previous study indicated that has_circ_0001667 (circ_0001667) was up-regulated in breast cancer from the array and might play an oncogenic role, however, the roles of circ_0001667 were not known. This study was aimed to investigate the role and the underlying molecular mechanism of circ_0001667 in breast cancer. Results The real-time PCR result showed that circ_0001667 was overexpressed in breast cancer tissues or cell lines compared to the adjacent normal tissues or normal cells. There was a negative relationship between circ_0001667 levels and the life time of breast cancer patients. Meanwhile, the inhibition of circ_0001667 suppressed the proliferation and metastasis of human breast cancer cells. Further bioinformatical analysis indicated that circ_0001667 sponged miR-125a-5p to regulate TAZ expression by Targetscan and miRanda. Dual luciferase reporter assay and western blotting experiments revealed that circ_0001667 negatively regulated miR-125a-5p expression leading to promoting TAZ expression through Hippo signal pathway in breast cancer cells. Conclusions This study uncovered that circ_0001667 was a potential breast cancer prognostic marker, as well as a potential therapeutic target to inhibit breast cancer metastasis by circ_0001667/miR-125a-5p/TAZ axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongli Geng
- 1Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese, Medicine Xinjiang Medical University, 116 Huanghe Road, Urumchi, 830000 Xinjiang China
| | - Wei Wang
- 1Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese, Medicine Xinjiang Medical University, 116 Huanghe Road, Urumchi, 830000 Xinjiang China
| | - Hui Chen
- 1Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese, Medicine Xinjiang Medical University, 116 Huanghe Road, Urumchi, 830000 Xinjiang China
| | - Jianya Mao
- 1Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese, Medicine Xinjiang Medical University, 116 Huanghe Road, Urumchi, 830000 Xinjiang China
| | - Zhenguo Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Qitai County People's Hospital, Changji, Xinjiang China
| | - Jing Zhou
- 1Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese, Medicine Xinjiang Medical University, 116 Huanghe Road, Urumchi, 830000 Xinjiang China
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28
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Huang T, Zhou X, Mao X, Yu C, Zhang Z, Yang J, Zhang Y, Su T, Chen C, Cao Y, Wei H, Wu Z. Lactate-fueled oxidative metabolism drives DNA methyltransferase 1-mediated transcriptional co-activator with PDZ binding domain protein activation. Cancer Sci 2019; 111:186-199. [PMID: 31746077 PMCID: PMC6942427 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Activity of transcriptional co‐activator with PDZ binding domain (TAZ) protein is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of human cancer and is influenced by tumor metabolism. High levels of lactate concentration in the tumor microenvironment as a result of metabolic reprogramming are inversely correlated with patient overall survival. Herein, we investigated the role of lactate in the regulation of the activity of TAZ and showed that glycolysis‐derived lactate efficiently increased TAZ expression and activity in lung cancer cells. We showed that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by lactate‐fueled oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in mitochondria activated AKT and thereby inhibited glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta/beta‐transducin repeat‐containing proteins (GSK‐3β/β‐TrCP)‐mediated ubiquitination and degradation of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). Upregulation of DNMT1 by lactate caused hypermethylation of TAZ negative regulator of the LATS2 gene promoter, leading to TAZ activation. Moreover, TAZ binds to the promoter of DNMT1 and is necessary for DNMT1 transcription. Our study showed a molecular mechanism of DNMT1 in linking tumor metabolic reprogramming to the Hippo‐TAZ pathway and functional significance of the DNMT1‐TAZ feedback loop in the migratory and invasive potential of lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,Research Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-Molecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Xinglu Zhou
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Xike Mao
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,School of Anesthesiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Chenxi Yu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,Research Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Zhijian Zhang
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,School of Preclinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Jianke Yang
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,School of Preclinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-Molecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Tianyu Su
- School of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Chenchen Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yuxiang Cao
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Huijun Wei
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-Molecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Zhihao Wu
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-Molecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,School of Preclinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
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29
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Kim K, Sun H. Incorporating genetic networks into case-control association studies with high-dimensional DNA methylation data. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:510. [PMID: 31640538 PMCID: PMC6805595 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-3040-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In human genetic association studies with high-dimensional gene expression data, it has been well known that statistical selection methods utilizing prior biological network knowledge such as genetic pathways and signaling pathways can outperform other methods that ignore genetic network structures in terms of true positive selection. In recent epigenetic research on case-control association studies, relatively many statistical methods have been proposed to identify cancer-related CpG sites and their corresponding genes from high-dimensional DNA methylation array data. However, most of existing methods are not designed to utilize genetic network information although methylation levels between linked genes in the genetic networks tend to be highly correlated with each other. Results We propose new approach that combines data dimension reduction techniques with network-based regularization to identify outcome-related genes for analysis of high-dimensional DNA methylation data. In simulation studies, we demonstrated that the proposed approach overwhelms other statistical methods that do not utilize genetic network information in terms of true positive selection. We also applied it to the 450K DNA methylation array data of the four breast invasive carcinoma cancer subtypes from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. Conclusions The proposed variable selection approach can utilize prior biological network information for analysis of high-dimensional DNA methylation array data. It first captures gene level signals from multiple CpG sites using data a dimension reduction technique and then performs network-based regularization based on biological network graph information. It can select potentially cancer-related genes and genetic pathways that were missed by the existing methods. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12859-019-3040-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kipoong Kim
- Department of Statistic, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Korea
| | - Hokeun Sun
- Department of Statistic, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Korea.
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30
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Abstract
Cancer is a serious health issue in the world due to a large body of cancer-related human deaths, and there is no current treatment available to efficiently treat the disease as the tumor is often diagnosed at a serious stage. Moreover, Cancer cells are often resistant to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and molecular-targeted therapy. Upon further knowledge of mechanisms of tumorigenesis, aggressiveness, metastasis, and resistance to treatments, it is necessary to detect the disease at an earlier stage and for a better response to therapy. The hippo pathway possesses the unique capacity to lead to tumorigenesis. Mutations and altered expression of its core components (MST1/2, LATS1/2, YAP and TAZ) promote the migration, invasion, malignancy of cancer cells. The biological significance and deregulation of it have received a large body of interests in the past few years. Further understanding of hippo pathway will be responsible for cancer treatment. In this review, we try to discover the function of hippo pathway in different diversity of cancers, and discuss how Hippo pathway contributes to other cellular signaling pathways. Also, we try to describe how microRNAs, circRNAs, and ZNFs regulate hippo pathway in the process of cancer. It is necessary to find new therapy strategies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Han
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
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31
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Promoting osteoblast proliferation on polymer bone substitutes with bone-like structure by combining hydroxyapatite and bioactive glass. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 96:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Jamous A, Salah Z. WW-Domain Containing Protein Roles in Breast Tumorigenesis. Front Oncol 2018; 8:580. [PMID: 30619734 PMCID: PMC6300493 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions are key factors in executing protein function. These interactions are mediated through different protein domains or modules. An important domain found in many different types of proteins is WW domain. WW domain-containing proteins were shown to be involved in many human diseases including cancer. Some of these proteins function as either tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes, while others show dual identity. Some of these proteins act on their own and alter the function(s) of specific or multiple proteins implicated in cancer, others interact with their partners to compose WW domain modular pathway. In this review, we discuss the role of WW domain-containing proteins in breast tumorigenesis. We give examples of specific WW domain containing proteins that play roles in breast tumorigenesis and explain the mechanisms through which these proteins lead to breast cancer initiation and progression. We discuss also the possibility of using these proteins as biomarkers or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar Jamous
- Al Quds-Bard College for Arts and Sciences, Al Quds University, Abu Dis, Palestine
| | - Zaidoun Salah
- Al Quds-Bard College for Arts and Sciences, Al Quds University, Abu Dis, Palestine
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Abstract
Hippo signaling plays critical roles in regulation of tissue homeostasis, organ size, and tumorigenesis by inhibiting YES-associated protein (YAP) and PDZ-binding protein TAZ through MST1/2 and LATS1/2 pathway. It is also engaged in cross-talk with various other signaling pathways, including WNT, BMPs, Notch, GPCRs, and Hedgehog to further modulate activities of YAP/TAZ. Because YAP and TAZ are transcriptional coactivators that lack DNA-binding activity, both proteins must interact with DNA-binding transcription factors to regulate target gene’s expression. To activate target genes involved in cell proliferation, TEAD family members are major DNA-binding partners of YAP/TAZ. Accordingly, YAP/TAZ were originally classified as oncogenes. However, YAP might also play tumor-suppressing role. For example, YAP can bind to DNA-binding tumor suppressors including RUNXs and p73. Thus, YAP might act either as an oncogene or tumor suppressor depending on its binding partners. Here, we summarize roles of YAP depending on its DNA-binding partners and discuss context-dependent functions of YAP/TAZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyu Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, and Institute for Tumor Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Ju-Won Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, and Institute for Tumor Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Suk-Chul Bae
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, and Institute for Tumor Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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Hou L, Xie S, Li G, Xiong B, Gao Y, Zhao X, Hu J, Deng S, Jiang J. IL-6 Triggers the Migration and Invasion of Oestrogen Receptor-Negative Breast Cancer Cells via Regulation of Hippo Pathways. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 123:549-557. [PMID: 29781562 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the major challenges for women's health. However, the role and mechanisms of interleukins (ILs) on the progression of breast cancer are not well illustrated. Our present study revealed that the expressions of IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly increased in oestrogen receptor-negative (ER-) breast cancer cells. Increased expression of IL-6 was observed in 83.9% (26/31) ER- breast cancer tissues as compared with their matched adjacent normal tissues. In vitro studies indicated that IL-6 can significantly promote the migration and invasion of ER- breast cancer cells via increasing the dephosphorylation, nuclear translocation and transcriptional activities of YAP in breast cancer cells. Knockdown of YAP can attenuate IL-6-induced migration and invasion of cancer cells, suggesting that YAP plays an essential role in IL-6-induced malignancy of breast cancer cells. Furthermore, IL-6 treatment also decreased the phosphorylation of LATS1/2. The knockdown of LATS1/2 synergistically suppressed si-IL-6-induced deactivation of YAP. Targeted inhibition of IL-6/YAP can significantly suppress the invasion of ER- breast cancer cells. Collectively, our study revealed that IL-6 can trigger the malignancy of breast cancer cells via activation of YAP signals. Targeted inhibition of IL-6/YAP might be a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of ER- breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingmi Hou
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Thyroid Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Shaoli Xie
- Department of Thyroid Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Guanwu Li
- Department of Radiology, Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Xiong
- Department of Thyroid Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanchun Gao
- Department of Thyroid Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhao
- Department of Thyroid Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiani Hu
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Shishan Deng
- Department of Anatomy, The North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Tecalco-Cruz AC, Ríos-López DG, Vázquez-Victorio G, Rosales-Alvarez RE, Macías-Silva M. Transcriptional cofactors Ski and SnoN are major regulators of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2018; 3:15. [PMID: 29892481 PMCID: PMC5992185 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-018-0015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family plays major pleiotropic roles by regulating many physiological processes in development and tissue homeostasis. The TGF-β signaling pathway outcome relies on the control of the spatial and temporal expression of >500 genes, which depend on the functions of the Smad protein along with those of diverse modulators of this signaling pathway, such as transcriptional factors and cofactors. Ski (Sloan-Kettering Institute) and SnoN (Ski novel) are Smad-interacting proteins that negatively regulate the TGF-β signaling pathway by disrupting the formation of R-Smad/Smad4 complexes, as well as by inhibiting Smad association with the p300/CBP coactivators. The Ski and SnoN transcriptional cofactors recruit diverse corepressors and histone deacetylases to repress gene transcription. The TGF-β/Smad pathway and coregulators Ski and SnoN clearly regulate each other through several positive and negative feedback mechanisms. Thus, these cross-regulatory processes finely modify the TGF-β signaling outcome as they control the magnitude and duration of the TGF-β signals. As a result, any alteration in these regulatory mechanisms may lead to disease development. Therefore, the design of targeted therapies to exert tight control of the levels of negative modulators of the TGF-β pathway, such as Ski and SnoN, is critical to restore cell homeostasis under the specific pathological conditions in which these cofactors are deregulated, such as fibrosis and cancer. Proteins that repress molecular signaling through the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) pathway offer promising targets for treating cancer and fibrosis. Marina Macías-Silva and colleagues from the National Autonomous University of Mexico in Mexico City review the ways in which a pair of proteins, called Ski and SnoN, interact with downstream mediators of TGF-β to inhibit the effects of this master growth factor. Aberrant levels of Ski and SnoN have been linked to diverse range of diseases involving cell proliferation run amok, and therapies that regulate the expression of these proteins could help normalize TGF-β signaling to healthier physiological levels. For decades, drug companies have tried to target the TGF-β pathway, with limited success. Altering the activity of these repressors instead could provide a roundabout way of remedying pathogenic TGF-β activity in fibrosis and oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles C Tecalco-Cruz
- 1Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas at Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico city, 04510 Mexico
| | - Diana G Ríos-López
- 2Instituto de Fisiología Celular at Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico city, 04510 Mexico
| | | | - Reyna E Rosales-Alvarez
- 2Instituto de Fisiología Celular at Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico city, 04510 Mexico
| | - Marina Macías-Silva
- 2Instituto de Fisiología Celular at Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico city, 04510 Mexico
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Molecular mechanisms underlying TGF-ß/Hippo signaling crosstalks – Role of baso-apical epithelial cell polarity. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 98:75-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Abstract
The Hippo pathway is a novel and highly conserved mammalian signaling pathway. Mutations and altered expression of core Hippo pathway components promote the migration, invasion, malignancy, and chemotherapy resistance of breast cancer cells. In cancer metastasis, tumor cells must detach from the primary tumor, invade surrounding tissue, and enter and survive in a foreign microenvironment. The metastatic potential of breast cancer is closely related to individual patient genetic profile. Nevertheless, the exact molecular mechanism that regulates the Hippo pathway in breast cancer metastasis is yet to be fully elucidated. This article discusses the function and regulation of the Hippo pathway, with focus given to its role in the context of breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changran Wei
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiangqi Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China
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Zhong H, Song M. A fast exact functional test for directional association and cancer biology applications. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2018; 16:10.1109/TCBB.2018.2809743. [PMID: 29993984 PMCID: PMC6109616 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2018.2809743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Directional association measured by functional dependency can answer important questions on relationships between variables, for example, in discovery of molecular interactions in biological systems. However, when one has no prior information about the functional form of a directional association, there is not a widely established statistical procedure to detect such an association. To address this issue, here we introduce an exact functional test for directional association by examining the strength of functional dependency. It is effective in promoting functional patterns by reducing statistical power on non-functional patterns. We designed an algorithm to carry out the test using a fast branch-and-bound strategy, which achieved a substantial speedup over brute-force enumeration. On data from an epidemiological study of liver cancer, the test identified the hepatitis status of a subject as the most influential risk factor among others for the cancer phenotype. On human lung cancer transcriptome data, the test selected 1049 transcription start sites of putative noncoding RNAs directionally associated with lung cancers, stronger than 95% of 589 curated cancer genes. These predictions include non-monotonic interaction patterns, to which other routine tests were insensitive. Complementing symmetric (non-directional) association methods such as Fisher's exact test, the exact functional test is a unique exact statistical test for evaluating evidence for causal relationships.
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39
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Sharif AA, Hergovich A. The NDR/LATS protein kinases in immunology and cancer biology. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 48:104-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
Ski is an evolutionarily conserved protein and widely participates in the regulation of various pathological and physiological processes such as wound healing, liver regeneration, development of the embryonic nervous system, muscle differentiation, and progression of many kinds of tumors. However, the distribution and function of Ski in central nervous system lesion and disease remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the spatiotemporal expression of Ski in a spinal cord injury (SCI) model in adult rats. Western Blot analysis indicated that Ski was expressed in both normal and injured spinal cord, and showed a significant upregulation after SCI compared with the sham group. Double-labeled immunofluorescence staining showed that Ski was significantly expressed in astrocytes, but not in the neurons. Western Blot analyses of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and BBB scores were carried out and correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between them. In addition, the relative expression level of Ski was also positively correlated with the relative expression level of GFAP. Moreover, the conspicuous co-expression band of Ski and GFAP at the lesion border was found in the results of immunofluorescence staining combined with the pattern of glial scar formation reflected by H&E staining; in addition, it was found that Ski was also highly associated with glial scar. On the basis of our data, we speculated that Ski might play an important role in the process of reactive astrogliosis after SCI and our study might provide a basis for further study on the detailed role of Ski in astrocytes.
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41
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Zhan T, Huang X, Tian X, Chen X, Ding Y, Luo H, Zhang Y. Downregulation of MicroRNA-455-3p Links to Proliferation and Drug Resistance of Pancreatic Cancer Cells via Targeting TAZ. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 10:215-226. [PMID: 29499934 PMCID: PMC5862130 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major cause of treatment failure in pancreatic cancer. The limited evidence indicates the involvement of miR-455-3p in chemotherapy resistance of cancer. Here we observed by qPCR that miR-455-3p was significantly decreased in pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines. We then confirmed that the inhibition of miR-455-3p increased cell proliferation and gemcitabine resistance of pancreatic cancer, whereas forced overexpression of miR-455-3p had the opposite effect. Furthermore, we demonstrated that TAZ, which is associated with drug resistance of pancreatic cancer, is a new direct downstream target of miR-455-3p. Our present study suggests that miR-455-3p contributes to cell proliferation and drug resistance in pancreatic cancer cells via targeting TAZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xia Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Hesheng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yadong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China.
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Panciera T, Azzolin L, Cordenonsi M, Piccolo S. Mechanobiology of YAP and TAZ in physiology and disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2017; 18:758-770. [PMID: 28951564 PMCID: PMC6192510 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2017.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 807] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that mechanical signals emanating from the cell's microenvironment are fundamental regulators of cell behaviour. Moreover, at the macroscopic scale, the influence of forces, such as the forces generated by blood flow, muscle contraction, gravity and overall tissue rigidity (for example, inside of a tumour lump), is central to our understanding of physiology and disease pathogenesis. Still, how mechanical cues are sensed and transduced at the molecular level to regulate gene expression has long remained enigmatic. The identification of the transcription factors YAP and TAZ as mechanotransducers started to fill this gap. YAP and TAZ read a broad range of mechanical cues, from shear stress to cell shape and extracellular matrix rigidity, and translate them into cell-specific transcriptional programmes. YAP and TAZ mechanotransduction is critical for driving stem cell behaviour and regeneration, and it sheds new light on the mechanisms by which aberrant cell mechanics is instrumental for the onset of multiple diseases, such as atherosclerosis, fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, inflammation, muscular dystrophy and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tito Panciera
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, viale Colombo 3, 35126 Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Azzolin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, viale Colombo 3, 35126 Padua, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Cordenonsi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, viale Colombo 3, 35126 Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Piccolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, viale Colombo 3, 35126 Padua, Italy
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43
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Hicks-Berthet J, Varelas X. Integrin-FAK-CDC42-PP1A signaling gnaws at YAP/TAZ activity to control incisor stem cells. Bioessays 2017; 39. [PMID: 28891248 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
How epithelial tissues are able to self-renew to maintain homeostasis and regenerate in response to injury remains a persistent question. The transcriptional effectors YAP and TAZ are increasingly being recognized as central mediators of epithelial stem cell biology, and a wealth of recent studies have been directed at understanding the control and activity of these factors. Recent work by Hu et al. has added to this knowledge, as they identify an Integrin-FAK-CDC42-PP1A signaling cascade that directs nuclear YAP/TAZ activity in stem cell populations of the mouse incisor, and define convergence on mTORC1 signaling as an important mediator of the proliferation of these cells. Here, we review recent studies on YAP/TAZ function and regulation in epithelial tissue-specific stem cells, merging the Hu et al. study together with our current knowledge of YAP/TAZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hicks-Berthet
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xaralabos Varelas
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Dieffenbach PB, Haeger CM, Coronata AMF, Choi KM, Varelas X, Tschumperlin DJ, Fredenburgh LE. Arterial stiffness induces remodeling phenotypes in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells via YAP/TAZ-mediated repression of cyclooxygenase-2. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L628-L647. [PMID: 28642262 PMCID: PMC5625262 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00173.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial stiffness is an independent risk factor for mortality in pulmonary hypertension (PH) and plays a critical role in PH pathophysiology. Our laboratory has recently demonstrated arterial stiffening early in experimental PH, along with evidence for a mechanobiological feedback loop by which arterial stiffening promotes further cellular remodeling behaviors (Liu F, Haeger CM, Dieffenbach PB, Sicard D, Chrobak I, Coronata AM, Suárez Velandia MM, Vitali S, Colas RA, Norris PC, Marinković A, Liu X, Ma J, Rose CD, Lee SJ, Comhair SA, Erzurum SC, McDonald JD, Serhan CN, Walsh SR, Tschumperlin DJ, Fredenburgh LE. JCI Insight 1: e86987, 2016). Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin signaling have been implicated in stiffness-mediated regulation, with prostaglandin activity inversely correlated to matrix stiffness and remodeling behaviors in vitro, as well as to disease progression in rodent PH models. The mechanism by which mechanical signaling translates to reduced COX-2 activity in pulmonary vascular cells is unknown. The present work investigated the transcriptional regulators Yes-associated protein (YAP) and WW domain-containing transcription regulator 1 (WWTR1, a.k.a., TAZ), which are known drivers of downstream mechanical signaling, in mediating stiffness-induced changes in COX-2 and prostaglandin activity in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). We found that YAP/TAZ activity is increased in PAH PASMCs and experimental PH and is necessary for the development of stiffness-dependent remodeling phenotypes. Knockdown of YAP and TAZ markedly induces COX-2 expression and downstream prostaglandin production by approximately threefold, whereas overexpression of YAP or TAZ reduces COX-2 expression and prostaglandin production to near undetectable levels. Together, our findings demonstrate a stiffness-dependent YAP/TAZ-mediated positive feedback loop that drives remodeling phenotypes in PASMCs via reduced COX-2 and prostaglandin activity. The ability to interrupt this critical mechanobiological feedback loop and enhance local prostaglandin activity via manipulation of YAP/TAZ signaling presents a highly attractive novel strategy for the treatment of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul B Dieffenbach
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christina Mallarino Haeger
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anna Maria F Coronata
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kyoung Moo Choi
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Xaralabos Varelas
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel J Tschumperlin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Laura E Fredenburgh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts;
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45
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Xie M, Wu X, Zhang J, Zhang J, Li X. Ski regulates Smads and TAZ signaling to suppress lung cancer progression. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:2178-2189. [PMID: 28398634 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ski, the transforming protein of the avian Sloan-Kettering retrovirus, displays both pro- and anti-oncogenic activities in human cancer. The mechanisms underlying these conflicting observations have not been fully understood. Herein, we investigated the mechanism underlying the tumor suppressor activity of Ski. To investigate the effect of Ski re-activation on TGF-β and Hippo/TAZ pathway, we measured its effect on the endogenous Smad target genes (PAI-1 and P15INK4B ) and TAZ target gene CTGF. The results revealed that Ski exerted its inhibitory activity in TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. Ski inhibited TAZ by increasing their phosphorylation by Lats2 and did not alter the localization of TAZ. Ski inhibited lung cancer growth and invasion. Ski methylation correlated with decreased mRNA expression in human lung cancer cell lines. Thus, Ski inhibited the function of TGF-β and TAZ through multiple mechanisms in human lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Xie
- China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinjun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiexia Zhang
- China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangxiang Li
- China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Abstract
Cytokines of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family, including TGF-βs, bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs), activins, and Nodal, play crucial roles in embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis by regulating cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation, as well as stem-cell self-renewal and lineage-specific differentiation. Smad proteins are critical downstream mediators of these signaling activities. In addition to regulating the transcription of direct target genes of TGF-β, BMP, activin, or Nodal, Smad proteins also participate in extensive cross talk with other signaling pathways, often in a cell-type- or developmental stage-specific manner. These combinatorial signals often produce context-, time-, and location-dependent biological outcomes that are critical for development. This review discusses recent progress in our understanding of the cross talk between Smad proteins and signaling pathways of Wnt, Notch, Hippo, Hedgehog (Hh), mitogen-activated protein (MAP), kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunxin Luo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
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47
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Luo K. Signaling Cross Talk between TGF-β/Smad and Other Signaling Pathways. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017. [PMID: 27836834 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family, including TGF-βs, bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs), activins, and Nodal, play crucial roles in embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis by regulating cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation, as well as stem-cell self-renewal and lineage-specific differentiation. Smad proteins are critical downstream mediators of these signaling activities. In addition to regulating the transcription of direct target genes of TGF-β, BMP, activin, or Nodal, Smad proteins also participate in extensive cross talk with other signaling pathways, often in a cell-type- or developmental stage-specific manner. These combinatorial signals often produce context-, time-, and location-dependent biological outcomes that are critical for development. This review discusses recent progress in our understanding of the cross talk between Smad proteins and signaling pathways of Wnt, Notch, Hippo, Hedgehog (Hh), mitogen-activated protein (MAP), kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunxin Luo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
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48
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Alvarado E, Yousefelahiyeh M, Alvarado G, Shang R, Whitman T, Martinez A, Yu Y, Pham A, Bhandari A, Wang B, Nissen RM. Wdr68 Mediates Dorsal and Ventral Patterning Events for Craniofacial Development. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166984. [PMID: 27880803 PMCID: PMC5120840 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Birth defects are among the leading causes of infant mortality and contribute substantially to illness and long-term disability. Defects in Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling are associated with cleft lip/palate. Many craniofacial syndromes are caused by defects in signaling pathways that pattern the cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) along the dorsal-ventral axis. For example, auriculocondylar syndrome is caused by impaired Endothelin-1 (Edn1) signaling, and Alagille syndrome is caused by defects in Jagged-Notch signaling. The BMP, Edn1, and Jag1b pathways intersect because BMP signaling is required for ventral edn1 expression that, in turn, restricts jag1b to dorsal CNCC territory. In zebrafish, the scaffolding protein Wdr68 is required for edn1 expression and subsequent formation of the ventral Meckel’s cartilage as well as the dorsal Palatoquadrate. Here we report that wdr68 activity is required between the 17-somites and prim-5 stages, that edn1 functions downstream of wdr68, and that wdr68 activity restricts jag1b, hey1, and grem2 expression from ventral CNCC territory. Expression of dlx1a and dlx2a was also severely reduced in anterior dorsal and ventral 1st arch CNCC territory in wdr68 mutants. We also found that the BMP agonist isoliquiritigenin (ISL) can partially rescue lower jaw formation and edn1 expression in wdr68 mutants. However, we found no significant defects in BMP reporter induction or pSmad1/5 accumulation in wdr68 mutant cells or zebrafish. The Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway is also known to be important for craniofacial development and can interfere with BMP signaling. Here we further report that TGF-β interference with BMP signaling was greater in wdr68 mutant cells relative to control cells. To determine whether interference might also act in vivo, we treated wdr68 mutant zebrafish embryos with the TGF-β signaling inhibitor SB431542 and found partial rescue of edn1 expression and craniofacial development. While ISL treatment failed, SB431542 partially rescued dlx2a expression in wdr68 mutants. Together these findings reveal an indirect role for Wdr68 in the BMP-Edn1-Jag1b signaling hierarchy and dorso-anterior expression of dlx1a/2a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estibaliz Alvarado
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Mina Yousefelahiyeh
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Greg Alvarado
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Robin Shang
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Taryn Whitman
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Andrew Martinez
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Annie Pham
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Anish Bhandari
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Bingyan Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Nissen
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Janse van Rensburg HJ, Yang X. The roles of the Hippo pathway in cancer metastasis. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1761-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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50
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Song L, Chen X, Gao S, Zhang C, Qu C, Wang P, Liu L. Ski modulate the characteristics of pancreatic cancer stem cells via regulating sonic hedgehog signaling pathway. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10.1007/s13277-016-5461-8. [PMID: 27734340 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5461-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies shows that Ski may act as both a tumor proliferation-promoting factor and a metastatic suppressor in human pancreatic cancer and also may be a therapeutic target of integrative therapies. At present, pancreatic cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for tumor recurrence accompanied by resistance to conventional therapies. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway is found to be aberrantly activated in CSCs. The objectives of this study were to investigate the role of Ski in modulating pancreatic CSCs and to examine the molecular mechanisms involved in pancreatic cancer treatment both in vivo and in vitro. In in vitro study, the results showed that enhanced Ski expression could increase the expression of pluripotency maintaining markers, such as CD24, CD44, Sox-2, and Oct-4, and also components of Shh signaling pathway, such as Shh, Ptch-1, Smo, Gli-1, and Gli-2, whereas depletion of Ski to the contrary. Then, we investigated the underlying mechanism and found that inhibiting Gli-2 expression by short interfering RNA (siRNA) can decrease the effects of Ski on the maintenance of pancreatic CSCs, indicating that Ski mediates the pluripotency of pancreatic CSCs mainly through Shh pathway. The conclusion is that Ski may be an important factor in maintaining the stemness of pancreatic CSCs through modulating Shh pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Song
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyuan Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyue Zhang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Qu
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luming Liu
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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