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Zhang Q, Singh P, Peng DW, Peng EY, Burns JM, Swerdlow RH, Suo WZ. Proactive M2 blockade prevents cognitive decline in GRK5-deficient APP transgenic mice via enhancing cholinergic neuronal resilience. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107619. [PMID: 39098530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses an immense challenge in healthcare, lacking effective therapies. This study investigates the potential of anthranilamide derivative (AAD23), a selective M2 receptor antagonist, in proactively preventing cognitive impairments and cholinergic neuronal degeneration in G protein-coupled receptor kinase-5-deficient Swedish APP (GAP) mice. GAP mice manifest cognitive deficits by 7 months and develop senile plaques by 9 months. A 6-month AAD23 treatment was initiated at 5 months and stopped at 11 months before behavioral assessments without the treatment. AAD23-treated mice exhibited preserved cognitive abilities and improved cholinergic axonal health in the nucleus basalis of Meynert akin to wildtype mice. Conversely, vehicle-treated GAP mice displayed memory deficits and pronounced cholinergic axonal swellings in the nucleus basalis of Meynert. Notably, AAD23 treatment did not alter senile plaques and microgliosis. These findings highlight AAD23's efficacy in forestalling AD-related cognitive decline in G protein-coupled receptor kinase-5-deficient subjects, attributing its success to restoring cholinergic neuronal integrity and resilience, enhancing resistance against diverse degenerative insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Laboratory for Alzheimer's Disease and Aging Research, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Prabhakar Singh
- Laboratory for Alzheimer's Disease and Aging Research, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - David W Peng
- Laboratory for Alzheimer's Disease and Aging Research, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Evelyn Y Peng
- Laboratory for Alzheimer's Disease and Aging Research, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Jeffery M Burns
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical College, Kansas City, Kansas, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Kansas Medical College, Kansas City, Kansas, USA; The University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Russell H Swerdlow
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical College, Kansas City, Kansas, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Kansas Medical College, Kansas City, Kansas, USA; The University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - William Z Suo
- Laboratory for Alzheimer's Disease and Aging Research, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical College, Kansas City, Kansas, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Kansas Medical College, Kansas City, Kansas, USA; The University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
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2
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Mazur T, Malik M, Bieńko DC. The impact of chelating compounds on Cu 2+, Fe 2+/ 3+, and Zn 2+ ions in Alzheimer's disease treatment. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 257:112601. [PMID: 38744143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid - β extracellular plaques and tau interfibrillar tangles, leading to memory loss, cognitive decline, and behavioral changes. With dementia posing a growing global health concern, there is an urgent need for comprehensive strategies to address its challenges. The economic burden of dementia is projected to rise significantly, emphasizing the necessity for collaborative efforts in research and healthcare. In the United States alone, millions are affected by AD, with prevalence increasing with age and even affecting younger individuals. The complexity of AD involves intricate biological processes, including the aggregation of amyloid beta, oxidative stress, and metal ion dysregulation. Metal ions, particularly those from copper, iron, and zinc, play pivotal roles in AD pathology, influencing Aβ deposition and tau protein accumulation. Current treatments offer symptomatic relief but do not address the underlying disease mechanisms. This paper explores the potential of various chelating compounds to target metal ions involved in AD pathology. N-acylhydrazones, morpholine, chrysin, quinoline, oxindole, cyclam, catechol-based, and quinazolinone-based derivatives show promising chelation activity and therapeutic effects. Metal chelation therapy offers a targeted approach to AD treatment by addressing the core pathology. By selectively binding to metal ions implicated in disease progression, chelators may minimize side effects associated with broad-spectrum treatments. Additionally, chelators may offer neuroprotective effects beyond metal binding, further enhancing their therapeutic potential. Overall, metal chelation therapy presents a promising strategy in combating AD, with the potential to significantly impact disease progression and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Mazur
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Malik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz C Bieńko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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3
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Sharo C, Zhai T, Huang Z. Investigation of Potential Drug Targets Involved in Inflammation Contributing to Alzheimer's Disease Progression. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:137. [PMID: 38276010 PMCID: PMC10819325 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease has become a major public health issue. While extensive research has been conducted in the last few decades, few drugs have been approved by the FDA to treat Alzheimer's disease. There is still an urgent need for understanding the disease pathogenesis, as well as identifying new drug targets for further drug discovery. Alzheimer's disease is known to arise from a build-up of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques as well as tangles of tau proteins. Along similar lines to Alzheimer's disease, inflammation in the brain is known to stem from the degeneration of tissue and build-up of insoluble materials. A minireview was conducted in this work assessing the genes, proteins, reactions, and pathways that link brain inflammation and Alzheimer's disease. Existing tools in Systems Biology were implemented to build protein interaction networks, mainly for the classical complement pathway and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), to rank the protein targets according to their interactions. The top 10 protein targets were mainly from the classical complement pathway. With the consideration of existing clinical trials and crystal structures, proteins C5AR1 and GARBG1 were identified as the best targets for further drug discovery, through computational approaches like ligand-protein docking techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zuyi Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
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4
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Common Genetic Factors and Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease and Ischemic Stroke: Evidences from GWAS. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020353. [PMID: 36833280 PMCID: PMC9957001 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and ischemic stroke (IS) are common neurological disorders, and the comorbidity of these two brain diseases is often seen. Although AD and IS were regarded as two distinct disease entities, in terms of different etiologies and clinical presentation, recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) revealed that there were common risk genes between AD and IS, indicating common molecular pathways and their common pathophysiology. In this review, we summarize AD and IS risk single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their representative genes from the GWAS Catalog database, and find thirteen common risk genes, but no common risk SNPs. Furthermore, the common molecular pathways associated with these risk gene products are summarized from the GeneCards database and clustered into inflammation and immunity, G protein-coupled receptor, and signal transduction. At least seven of these thirteen genes can be regulated by 23 microRNAs identified from the TargetScan database. Taken together, the imbalance of these molecular pathways may give rise to these two common brain disorders. This review sheds light on the pathogenesis of comorbidity of AD and IS, and provides molecular targets for disease prevention, manipulation, and brain health maintenance.
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5
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Kleschevnikov A. GIRK2 Channels in Down Syndrome and Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2022; 19:819-829. [PMID: 36567290 DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666221223122110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment in Down syndrome (DS) results from the abnormal expression of hundreds of genes. However, the impact of KCNJ6, a gene located in the middle of the 'Down syndrome critical region' of chromosome 21, seems to stand out. KCNJ6 encodes GIRK2 (KIR3.2) subunits of G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channels, which serve as effectors for GABAB, m2, 5HT1A, A1, and many other postsynaptic metabotropic receptors. GIRK2 subunits are heavily expressed in neocortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus. By controlling resting membrane potential and neuronal excitability, GIRK2 channels may thus affect both synaptic plasticity and stability of neural circuits in the brain regions important for learning and memory. Here, we discuss recent experimental data regarding the role of KCNJ6/GIRK2 in neuronal abnormalities and cognitive impairment in models of DS and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The results compellingly show that signaling through GIRK2 channels is abnormally enhanced in mouse genetic models of Down syndrome and that partial suppression of GIRK2 channels with pharmacological or genetic means can restore synaptic plasticity and improve impaired cognitive functions. On the other hand, signaling through GIRK2 channels is downregulated in AD models, such as models of early amyloidopathy. In these models, reduced GIRK2 channel signaling promotes neuronal hyperactivity, causing excitatory-inhibitory imbalance and neuronal death. Accordingly, activation of GABAB/GIRK2 signaling by GIRK channel activators or GABAB receptor agonists may reduce Aβ-induced hyperactivity and subsequent neuronal death, thereby exerting a neuroprotective effect in models of AD.
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Depichering the Effects of Astragaloside IV on AD-Like Phenotypes: A Systematic and Experimental Investigation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:1020614. [PMID: 34616501 PMCID: PMC8487832 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1020614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is an active component in Astragalus membranaceus with the potential to treat neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer's diseases (ADs). However, its mechanisms are still not known. Herein, we aimed to explore the systematic pharmacological mechanism of AS-IV for treating AD. Drug prediction, network pharmacology, and functional bioinformatics analyses were conducted. Molecular docking was applied to validate reliability of the interactions and binding affinities between AS-IV and related targets. Finally, experimental verification was carried out in AβO infusion produced AD-like phenotypes to investigate the molecular mechanisms. We found that AS-IV works through a multitarget synergistic mechanism, including inflammation, nervous system, cell proliferation, apoptosis, pyroptosis, calcium ion, and steroid. AS-IV highly interacted with PPARγ, caspase-1, GSK3Β, PSEN1, and TRPV1 after docking simulations. Meanwhile, PPARγ interacts with caspase-1, GSK3Β, PSEN1, and TRPV1. In vivo experiments showed that AβO infusion produced AD-like phenotypes in mice, including impairment of fear memory, neuronal loss, tau hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and synaptic deficits in the hippocampus. Especially, the expression of PPARγ, as well as BDNF, was also reduced in the hippocampus of AD-like mice. Conversely, AS-IV improved AβO infusion-induced memory impairment, inhibited neuronal loss and the phosphorylation of tau, and prevented the synaptic deficits. AS-IV prevented AβO infusion-induced reduction of PPARγ and BDNF. Moreover, the inhibition of PPARγ attenuated the effects of AS-IV on BDNF, neuroflammation, and pyroptosis in AD-like mice. Taken together, AS-IV could prevent AD-like phenotypes and reduce tau hyperphosphorylation, synaptic deficits, neuroinflammation, and pyroptosis, possibly via regulating PPARγ.
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7
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Gadhave K, Kumar D, Uversky VN, Giri R. A multitude of signaling pathways associated with Alzheimer's disease and their roles in AD pathogenesis and therapy. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:2689-2745. [PMID: 32783388 PMCID: PMC7876169 DOI: 10.1002/med.21719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The exact molecular mechanisms associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology continue to represent a mystery. In the past decades, comprehensive data were generated on the involvement of different signaling pathways in the AD pathogenesis. However, the utilization of signaling pathways as potential targets for the development of drugs against AD is rather limited due to the immense complexity of the brain and intricate molecular links between these pathways. Therefore, finding a correlation and cross-talk between these signaling pathways and establishing different therapeutic targets within and between those pathways are needed for better understanding of the biological events responsible for the AD-related neurodegeneration. For example, autophagy is a conservative cellular process that shows link with many other AD-related pathways and is crucial for maintenance of the correct cellular balance by degrading AD-associated pathogenic proteins. Considering the central role of autophagy in AD and its interplay with many other pathways, the finest therapeutic strategy to fight against AD is the use of autophagy as a target. As an essential step in this direction, this comprehensive review represents recent findings on the individual AD-related signaling pathways, describes key features of these pathways and their cross-talk with autophagy, represents current drug development, and introduces some of the multitarget beneficial approaches and strategies for the therapeutic intervention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kundlik Gadhave
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- Laboratory of New Methods in Biology, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Rajanish Giri
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
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8
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Ahmed HA, Ishrat T. The Brain AT2R-a Potential Target for Therapy in Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Cognitive Impairment: a Comprehensive Review of Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3458-3484. [PMID: 32533467 PMCID: PMC8109287 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01964-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Dementia is a potentially avertable tragedy, currently considered among the top 10 greatest global health challenges of the twenty-first century. Dementia not only robs individuals of their dignity and independence, it also has a ripple effect that starts with the inflicted individual's family and projects to the society as a whole. The constantly growing number of cases, along with the lack of effective treatments and socioeconomic impact, poses a serious threat to the sustainability of our health care system. Hence, there is a worldwide effort to identify new targets for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the leading cause of dementia. Due to its multifactorial etiology and the recent clinical failure of several novel amyloid-β (Aβ) targeting therapies, a comprehensive "multitarget" approach may be most appropriate for managing this condition. Interestingly, renin angiotensin system (RAS) modulators were shown to positively impact all the factors involved in the pathophysiology of dementia including vascular dysfunction, Aβ accumulation, and associated cholinergic deficiency, in addition to tau hyperphosphorylation and insulin derangements. Furthermore, for many of these drugs, the preclinical evidence is also supported by epidemiological data and/or preliminary clinical trials. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive update on the major causes of dementia including the risk factors, current diagnostic criteria, pathophysiology, and contemporary treatment strategies. Moreover, we highlight the angiotensin II receptor type 2 (AT2R) as an effective drug target and present ample evidence supporting its potential role and clinical applications in cognitive impairment to encourage further investigation in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A Ahmed
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 855 Monroe Avenue, Wittenborg Bldg, Room-231, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Tauheed Ishrat
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 855 Monroe Avenue, Wittenborg Bldg, Room-231, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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9
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Endogenous Gαq-Coupled Neuromodulator Receptors Activate Protein Kinase A. Neuron 2017; 96:1070-1083.e5. [PMID: 29154125 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase A (PKA) integrates inputs from G-protein-coupled neuromodulator receptors to modulate synaptic and cellular function. Gαs signaling stimulates PKA activity, whereas Gαi inhibits PKA activity. Gαq, on the other hand, signals through phospholipase C, and it remains unclear whether Gαq-coupled receptors signal to PKA in their native context. Here, using two independent optical reporters of PKA activity in acute mouse hippocampus slices, we show that endogenous Gαq-coupled muscarinic acetylcholine receptors activate PKA. Mechanistically, this effect is mediated by parallel signaling via either calcium or protein kinase C. Furthermore, multiple Gαq-coupled receptors modulate phosphorylation by PKA, a classical Gαs/Gαi effector. Thus, these results highlight PKA as a biochemical integrator of three major types of GPCRs and necessitate reconsideration of classic models used to predict neuronal signaling in response to the large family of Gαq-coupled receptors.
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10
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Zhao J, Deng Y, Jiang Z, Qing H. G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) in Alzheimer's Disease: A Focus on BACE1 Related GPCRs. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:58. [PMID: 27047374 PMCID: PMC4805599 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been considered as one of the largest families of validated drug targets, which involve in almost overall physiological functions and pathological processes. Meanwhile, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common type of dementia, affects thinking, learning, memory and behavior of elderly people, that has become the hotspot nowadays for its increasing risks and incurability. The above fields have been intensively studied, and the link between the two has been demonstrated, whereas the way how GPCRs perturb AD progress are yet to be further explored given their complexities. In this review, we summarized recent progress regarding the GPCRs interacted with β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), a key secretase in AD pathogenesis. Then we discussed the current findings on the regulatory roles of GPCRs on BACE1, and the possibility for pharmaceutical treatment of AD patients by the allosteric modulators and biased ligands of GPCRs. We hope this review can provide new insights into the understanding of mechanistic link between GPCRs and BACE1, and highlight the potential of GPCRs as therapeutic target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhao
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing, China
| | - Yulin Deng
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing, China
| | - Zhaotan Jiang
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing, China
| | - Hong Qing
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing, China
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11
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Martins IJ. Overnutrition Determines LPS Regulation of Mycotoxin Induced Neurotoxicity in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:29554-73. [PMID: 26690419 PMCID: PMC4691133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic neurodegenerative diseases are now associated with obesity and diabetes and linked to the developing and developed world. Interests in healthy diets have escalated that may prevent neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. The global metabolic syndrome involves lipoprotein abnormalities and insulin resistance and is the major disorder for induction of neurological disease. The effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on dyslipidemia and NAFLD indicate that the clearance and metabolism of fungal mycotoxins are linked to hypercholesterolemia and amyloid beta oligomers. LPS and mycotoxins are associated with membrane lipid disturbances with effects on cholesterol interacting proteins, lipoprotein metabolism, and membrane apo E/amyloid beta interactions relevant to hypercholesterolemia with close connections to neurological diseases. The influence of diet on mycotoxin metabolism has accelerated with the close association between mycotoxin contamination from agricultural products such as apple juice, grains, alcohol, and coffee. Cholesterol efflux in lipoproteins and membrane cholesterol are determined by LPS with involvement of mycotoxin on amyloid beta metabolism. Nutritional interventions such as diets low in fat/carbohydrate/cholesterol have become of interest with relevance to low absorption of lipophilic LPS and mycotoxin into lipoproteins with rapid metabolism of mycotoxin to the liver with the prevention of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian James Martins
- Centre of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup 6027, Australia.
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia.
- McCusker Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Hollywood Medical Centre, 85 Monash Avenue, Suite 22, Nedlands 6009, Australia.
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12
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Cao S, Yu L, Mao J, Wang Q, Ruan J. Uncovering the Molecular Mechanism of Actions between Pharmaceuticals and Proteins on the AD Network. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144387. [PMID: 26650760 PMCID: PMC4674063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study begins with constructing the mini metabolic networks (MMNs) of beta amyloid (Aβ) and acetylcholine (ACh) which stimulate the Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Then we generate the AD network by incorporating MMNs of Aβ and ACh, and other MMNs of stimuli of AD. The panel of proteins contains 49 enzymes/receptors on the AD network which have the 3D-structure in PDB. The panel of drugs is formed by 5 AD drugs and 5 AD nutraceutical drugs, and 20 non-AD drugs. All of these complexes formed by these 30 drugs and 49 proteins are transformed into dyadic arrays. Utilizing the prior knowledge learned from the drug panel, we propose a statistical classification (dry-lab). According to the wet-lab for the complex of amiloride and insulin degrading enzyme, and the complex of amiloride and neutral endopeptidase, we are confident that this dry-lab is reliable. As the consequences of the dry-lab, we discover many interesting implications. Especially, we show that possible causes of Tacrine, donepezil, galantamine and huperzine A cannot improve the level of ACh which is against to their original design purpose but they still prevent AD to be worse as Aβ deposition appeared. On the other hand, we recommend Miglitol and Atenolol as the safe and potent drugs to improve the level of ACh before Aβ deposition appearing. Moreover, some nutrients such as NADH and Vitamin E should be controlled because they may harm health if being used in wrong way and wrong time. Anyway, the insights shown in this study are valuable to be developed further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Cao
- College of Mathematical Sciences and LPMC, Nankai University, Tianjin, PRC
| | - Liang Yu
- College of Mathematical Sciences and LPMC, Nankai University, Tianjin, PRC
| | - Jingyuan Mao
- Internal Medicine for the Heart, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PRC
| | - Quan Wang
- National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, PRC
- High Throughput Molecular Drug Discovery Center, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, TEDA, Tianjin, PRC
| | - Jishou Ruan
- College of Mathematical Sciences and LPMC, Nankai University, Tianjin, PRC
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Chemical and Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, PRC
- * E-mail:
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13
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Cecon E, Chen M, Marçola M, Fernandes PAC, Jockers R, Markus RP. Amyloid
β
peptide directly impairs pineal gland melatonin synthesis and melatonin receptor signaling through the ERK pathway. FASEB J 2015; 29:2566-82. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-265678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Cecon
- Chronopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of BiosciencesUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Institut CochinParisFrance
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104ParisFrance
- University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Min Chen
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Institut CochinParisFrance
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104ParisFrance
- University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Marina Marçola
- Chronopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of BiosciencesUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Pedro A. C. Fernandes
- Chronopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of BiosciencesUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Institut CochinParisFrance
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104ParisFrance
- University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Regina P. Markus
- Chronopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of BiosciencesUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
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14
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Nava-Mesa MO, Jiménez-Díaz L, Yajeya J, Navarro-Lopez JD. GABAergic neurotransmission and new strategies of neuromodulation to compensate synaptic dysfunction in early stages of Alzheimer's disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:167. [PMID: 24987334 PMCID: PMC4070063 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive decline, brain atrophy due to neuronal and synapse loss, and formation of two pathological lesions: extracellular amyloid plaques, composed largely of amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ), and neurofibrillary tangles formed by intracellular aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Lesions mainly accumulate in brain regions that modulate cognitive functions such as the hippocampus, septum or amygdala. These brain structures have dense reciprocal glutamatergic, cholinergic, and GABAergic connections and their relationships directly affect learning and memory processes, so they have been proposed as highly susceptible regions to suffer damage by Aβ during AD course. Last findings support the emerging concept that soluble Aβ peptides, inducing an initial stage of synaptic dysfunction which probably starts 20–30 years before the clinical onset of AD, can perturb the excitatory–inhibitory balance of neural circuitries. In turn, neurotransmission imbalance will result in altered network activity that might be responsible of cognitive deficits in AD. Therefore, Aβ interactions on neurotransmission systems in memory-related brain regions such as amygdaloid complex, medial septum or hippocampus are critical in cognitive functions and appear as a pivotal target for drug design to improve learning and dysfunctions that manifest with age. Since treatments based on glutamatergic and cholinergic pharmacology in AD have shown limited success, therapies combining modulators of different neurotransmission systems including recent findings regarding the GABAergic system, emerge as a more useful tool for the treatment, and overall prevention, of this dementia. In this review, focused on inhibitory systems, we will analyze pharmacological strategies to compensate neurotransmission imbalance that might be considered as potential therapeutic interventions in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lydia Jiménez-Díaz
- Neurophysiology and Behavior Lab, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Javier Yajeya
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan D Navarro-Lopez
- Neurophysiology and Behavior Lab, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha Ciudad Real, Spain
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15
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JAKUBÍK J, ŠANTRŮČKOVÁ E, RANDÁKOVÁ A, JANÍČKOVÁ H, ZIMČÍK P, RUDAJEV V, MICHAL P, EL-FAKAHANY EE, DOLEŽAL V. Outline of Therapeutic Interventions With Muscarinic Receptor-Mediated Transmission. Physiol Res 2014; 63:S177-89. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscarinc receptor-mediated signaling takes part in many physiological functions ranging from complex higher nervous activity to vegetative responses. Specificity of action of the natural muscarinic agonist acetylcholine is effected by action on five muscarinic receptor subtypes with particular tissue and cellular localization, and coupling preference with different G-proteins and their signaling pathways. In addition to physiological roles it is also implicated in pathologic events like promotion of carcinoma cells growth, early pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases in the central nervous system like Alzheimer´s disease and Parkinson´s disease, schizophrenia, intoxications resulting in drug addiction, or overactive bladder in the periphery. All of these disturbances demonstrate involvement of specific muscarinic receptor subtypes and point to the importance to develop selective pharmacotherapeutic interventions. Because of the high homology of the orthosteric binding site of muscarinic receptor subtypes there is virtually no subtype selective agonist that binds to this site. Activation of specific receptor subtypes may be achieved by developing allosteric modulators of acetylcholine binding, since ectopic binding domains on the receptor are less conserved compared to the orthosteric site. Potentiation of the effects of acetylcholine by allosteric modulators would be beneficial in cases where acetylcholine release is reduced due to pathological conditions. When presynaptic function is severly compromised, the utilization of ectopic agonists can be a thinkable solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - V. DOLEŽAL
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Physiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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16
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Dalet FGE, Guadalupe TFJ, María del Carmen CH, Humberto GAC, Antonio SUM. Insights into the structural biology of G-protein coupled receptors impacts drug design for central nervous system neurodegenerative processes. Neural Regen Res 2013; 8:2290-302. [PMID: 25206539 PMCID: PMC4146033 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.24.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, there have been important new insights into the structural biology of G-protein coupled receptors. It is now known that allosteric binding sites are involved in the affinity and selectivity of ligands for G-protein coupled receptors, and that signaling by these receptors involves both G-protein dependent and independent pathways. The present review outlines the physiological and pharmacological implications of this perspective for the design of new drugs to treat disorders of the central nervous system. Specifically, new possibilities are explored in relation to allosteric and orthosteric binding sites on dopamine receptors for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and on muscarinic receptors for Alzheimer's disease. Future research can seek to identify ligands that can bind to more than one site on the same receptor, or simultaneously bind to two receptors and form a dimer. For example, the design of bivalent drugs that can reach homo/hetero-dimers of D2 dopamine receptor holds promise as a relevant therapeutic strategy for Parkinson's disease. Regarding the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, the design of dualsteric ligands for mono-oligomeric rinic receptors could increase therapeutic effectiveness by generating potent compounds that could activate more than one signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farfán-García Eunice Dalet
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Del. Benito Juárez, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Trujillo-Ferrara José Guadalupe
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Del. Benito Juárez, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Castillo-Hernández María del Carmen
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Del. Benito Juárez, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Guerra-Araiza Christian Humberto
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Del. Benito Juárez, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Soriano-Ursúa Marvin Antonio
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Del. Benito Juárez, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
- Corresponding author: Soriano-Ursúa Marvin Antonio, Professor/Researcher, Departamento de Fisiología y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Del. Benito Juárez, Mexico City 11340, Mexico, , (N201304028)
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17
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Parsons CG, Danysz W, Dekundy A, Pulte I. Memantine and cholinesterase inhibitors: complementary mechanisms in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Neurotox Res 2013; 24:358-69. [PMID: 23657927 PMCID: PMC3753463 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-013-9398-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the preclinical mechanisms that may underlie the increased therapeutic benefit of combination therapy-with the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, memantine, and an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI)-for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Memantine, and the AChEIs target two different aspects of AD pathology. Both drug types have shown significant efficacy as monotherapies for the treatment of AD. Furthermore, clinical observations indicate that their complementary mechanisms offer superior benefit as combination therapy. Based on the available literature, the authors have considered the preclinical mechanisms that could underlie such a combined approach. Memantine addresses dysfunction in glutamatergic transmission, while the AChEIs serve to increase pathologically lowered levels of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. In addition, preclinical studies have shown that memantine has neuroprotective effects, acting to prevent glutamatergic over-stimulation and the resulting neurotoxicity. Interrelations between the glutamatergic and cholinergic pathways in regions of the brain that control learning and memory mean that combination treatment has the potential for a complex influence on disease pathology. Moreover, studies in animal models have shown that the combined use of memantine and the AChEIs can produce greater improvements in measures of memory than either treatment alone. As an effective approach in the clinical setting, combination therapy with memantine and an AChEI has been a welcome advance for the treatment of patients with AD. Preclinical data have shown how these drugs act via two different, but interconnected, pathological pathways, and that their complementary activity may produce greater effects than either drug individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris G Parsons
- In Vitro Pharmacology, Merz Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Eckenheimer Landstrasse 100, 60318, Frankfurt, Germany.
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18
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Heese K. G proteins, p60TRP, and neurodegenerative diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 47:1103-11. [PMID: 23345134 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8410-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex brain disorder of the limbic system and association cortices. The disease is characterized by the production and deposition of the amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) in the brain, and the neuropathological mechanisms involved must be deciphered to gain further insights into the fundamental aspects of the protein biology responsible for the development and progression of this disease. Aβ is generated by the intramembranous cleavage of the β-amyloid precursor protein, which is mediated by the proteases β- and γ-secretase. Accumulating evidence suggests the importance of the coupling of this cleavage mechanism to G protein signaling. Heterotrimeric G proteins play pivotal roles as molecular switches in signal transduction pathways mediated by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Extracellular stimuli activate these receptors, which in turn catalyze guanosine triphosphate-guanosine diphosphate exchange on the G protein α-subunit. The activation-deactivation cycles of G proteins underlie their crucial functions as molecular switches for a vast array of biological responses. The novel transcription regulator protein p60 transcription regulator protein and its related GPCR signaling pathways have recently been described as potential targets for the development of alternative strategies for inhibiting the early signaling mechanisms involved in neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Heese
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Cochet M, Donneger R, Cassier E, Gaven F, Lichtenthaler SF, Marin P, Bockaert J, Dumuis A, Claeysen S. 5-HT4 receptors constitutively promote the non-amyloidogenic pathway of APP cleavage and interact with ADAM10. ACS Chem Neurosci 2013; 4:130-40. [PMID: 23336052 DOI: 10.1021/cn300095t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to the amyloidogenic pathway, amyloid precursor protein (APP) can be cleaved by α-secretases, producing soluble and neuroprotective APP alpha (sAPPα) (nonamyloidogenic pathway) and thus preventing the generation of pathogenic amyloid-β. However, the mechanisms regulating APP cleavage by α-secretases remain poorly understood. Here, we showed that expression of serotonin type 4 receptors (5-HT(4)Rs) constitutively (without agonist stimulation) induced APP cleavage by the α-secretase ADAM10 and the release of neuroprotective sAPPα in HEK-293 cells and cortical neurons. This effect was independent of cAMP production. Interestingly, we demonstrated that 5-HT(4) receptors physically interacted with the mature form of ADAM10. Stimulation of 5-HT(4) receptors by an agonist further increased sAPPα secretion, and this effect was mediated by cAMP/Epac signaling. These findings describe a new mechanism whereby a GPCR constitutively stimulates the cleavage of APP by α-secretase and promotes the nonamyloidogenic pathway of APP processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Cochet
- CNRS, UMR-5203,
Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, F-34000 Montpellier,
France
- Inserm, U661, F-34000 Montpellier, France
- Universités de Montpellier 1 & 2, UMR-5203, F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Romain Donneger
- CNRS, UMR-5203,
Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, F-34000 Montpellier,
France
- Inserm, U661, F-34000 Montpellier, France
- Universités de Montpellier 1 & 2, UMR-5203, F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Elisabeth Cassier
- CNRS, UMR-5203,
Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, F-34000 Montpellier,
France
- Inserm, U661, F-34000 Montpellier, France
- Universités de Montpellier 1 & 2, UMR-5203, F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Gaven
- Inserm, U661, F-34000 Montpellier, France
- Universités de Montpellier 1 & 2, UMR-5203, F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Philippe Marin
- CNRS, UMR-5203,
Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, F-34000 Montpellier,
France
- Inserm, U661, F-34000 Montpellier, France
- Universités de Montpellier 1 & 2, UMR-5203, F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Joël Bockaert
- CNRS, UMR-5203,
Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, F-34000 Montpellier,
France
- Inserm, U661, F-34000 Montpellier, France
- Universités de Montpellier 1 & 2, UMR-5203, F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Aline Dumuis
- CNRS, UMR-5203,
Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, F-34000 Montpellier,
France
- Inserm, U661, F-34000 Montpellier, France
- Universités de Montpellier 1 & 2, UMR-5203, F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Claeysen
- CNRS, UMR-5203,
Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, F-34000 Montpellier,
France
- Inserm, U661, F-34000 Montpellier, France
- Universités de Montpellier 1 & 2, UMR-5203, F-34000 Montpellier, France
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20
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Svedružić ŽM, Popović K, Šendula-Jengić V. Modulators of γ-secretase activity can facilitate the toxic side-effects and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e50759. [PMID: 23308095 PMCID: PMC3538728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Selective modulation of different Aβ products of an intramembrane protease γ-secretase, could be the most promising strategy for development of effective therapies for Alzheimer's disease. We describe how different drug-candidates can modulate γ-secretase activity in cells, by studying how DAPT affects changes in γ-secretase activity caused by gradual increase in Aβ metabolism. Results Aβ 1–40 secretion in the presence of DAPT shows biphasic activation-inhibition dose-response curves. The biphasic mechanism is a result of modulation of γ-secretase activity by multiple substrate and inhibitor molecules that can bind to the enzyme simultaneously. The activation is due to an increase in γ-secretase's kinetic affinity for its substrate, which can make the enzyme increasingly more saturated with otherwise sub-saturating substrate. The noncompetitive inhibition that prevails at the saturating substrate can decrease the maximal activity. The synergistic activation-inhibition effects can drastically reduce γ-secretase's capacity to process its physiological substrates. This reduction makes the biphasic inhibitors exceptionally prone to the toxic side-effects and potentially pathogenic. Without the modulation, γ-secretase activity on it physiological substrate in cells is only 14% of its maximal activity, and far below the saturation. Significance Presented mechanism can explain why moderate inhibition of γ-secretase cannot lead to effective therapies, the pharmacodynamics of Aβ-rebound phenomenon, and recent failures of the major drug-candidates such as semagacestat. Novel improved drug-candidates can be prepared from competitive inhibitors that can bind to different sites on γ-secretase simultaneously. Our quantitative analysis of the catalytic capacity can facilitate the future studies of the therapeutic potential of γ-secretase and the pathogenic changes in Aβ metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Željko M Svedružić
- Medical Biochemistry, PB Rab, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rab, Croatia.
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21
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Suo WZ. Accelerating Alzheimer’s pathogenesis by GRK5 deficiency via cholinergic dysfunction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/aad.2013.24020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Robertson JWF, Kasianowicz JJ, Banerjee S. Analytical Approaches for Studying Transporters, Channels and Porins. Chem Rev 2012; 112:6227-49. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300317z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W. F. Robertson
- Physical Measurement Laboratory,
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland
20899, United States
| | - John J. Kasianowicz
- Physical Measurement Laboratory,
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland
20899, United States
| | - Soojay Banerjee
- National
Institute of Neurological
Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland 20824, United States
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23
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Piccini A, Borghi R, Guglielmotto M, Tamagno E, Cirmena G, Garuti A, Pollero V, Cammarata S, Fornaro M, Messa M, Colombo L, Salmona M, Perry G, Tabaton M. β-Amyloid 1-42 induces physiological transcriptional regulation of BACE1. J Neurochem 2012; 122:1023-31. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07834.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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24
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Mazargui H, Lévêque C, Bartnik D, Fantini J, Gouget T, Melone MAB, Funke SA, Willbold D, Perrone L. A synthetic amino acid substitution of Tyr10 in Aβ peptide sequence yields a dominant negative variant in amyloidogenesis. Aging Cell 2012; 11:530-41. [PMID: 22385841 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2012.00814.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in elderly people, and age is the major nongenetic risk factor for sporadic AD. A hallmark of AD is the accumulation of amyloid in the brain, which is composed mainly of the amyloid beta-peptide (Aβ) in the form of oligomers and fibrils. However, how aging induces Aβ aggregation is not yet fully determined. Some residues in the Aβ sequence seem to promote Aβ-induced toxicity in association with age-dependent risk factors for AD, such as (i) increased GM1 brain membrane content, (ii) altered lipid domain in brain membrane, (iii) oxidative stress. However, the role of Aβ sequence in promoting aggregation following interaction with the plasma membrane is not yet demonstrated. As Tyr10 is implicated in the induction of oxidative stress and stabilization of Aβ aggregation, we substituted Tyr 10 with a synthetic amino acid that abolishes Aβ-induced oxidative stress and shows an accelerated interaction with GM1. This variant peptide shows impaired aggregation properties and increased affinity for GM1. It has a dominant negative effect on amyloidogenesis in vitro, in cellulo, and in isolated synaptosomes. The present study shed new light in the understanding of Aβ-membrane interactions in Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. It demonstrates the relevance of Aβ sequence in (i) Aβ-membrane interaction, underlining the role of age-dependent enhanced GM1 content in promoting Aβ aggregation, (ii) Aβ aggregation, and (iii) Aβ-induced oxidative stress. Our results open the way for the design of peptides aimed to inhibit Aβ aggregation and neurotoxicity.
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25
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Claeysen S, Cochet M, Donneger R, Dumuis A, Bockaert J, Giannoni P. Alzheimer culprits: cellular crossroads and interplay. Cell Signal 2012; 24:1831-40. [PMID: 22627093 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the primary cause of dementia in the elderly and one of the major health problems worldwide. Since its first description by Alois Alzheimer in 1907, noticeable but insufficient scientific comprehension of this complex pathology has been achieved. All the research that has been pursued takes origin from the identification of the pathological hallmarks in the forms of amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits (plaques), and aggregated hyperphosphorylated tau protein filaments (named neurofibrillary tangles). Since this discovery, many hypotheses have been proposed to explain the origin of the pathology. The "amyloid cascade hypothesis" is the most accredited theory. The mechanism suggested to be one of the initial causes of AD is an imbalance between the production and the clearance of Aβ peptides. Therefore, Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) synthesis, trafficking and metabolism producing either the toxic Aβ peptide via the amyloidogenic pathway or the sAPPα fragment via the non amyloidogenic pathway have become appealing subjects of study. Being able to reduce the formation of the toxic Aβ peptides is obviously an immediate approach in the trial to prevent AD. The following review summarizes the most relevant discoveries in the field of the last decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Claeysen
- CNRS, UMR-5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, F-34000 Montpellier, France.
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26
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Svedružić ZM, Popović K, Smoljan I, Sendula-Jengić V. Modulation of γ-secretase activity by multiple enzyme-substrate interactions: implications in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32293. [PMID: 22479317 PMCID: PMC3316526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We describe molecular processes that can facilitate pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by analyzing the catalytic cycle of a membrane-imbedded protease γ-secretase, from the initial interaction with its C99 substrate to the final release of toxic Aβ peptides. Results The C-terminal AICD fragment is cleaved first in a pre-steady-state burst. The lowest Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio is observed in pre-steady-state when Aβ40 is the dominant product. Aβ42 is produced after Aβ40, and therefore Aβ42 is not a precursor for Aβ40. The longer more hydrophobic Aβ products gradually accumulate with multiple catalytic turnovers as a result of interrupted catalytic cycles. Saturation of γ-secretase with its C99 substrate leads to 30% decrease in Aβ40 with concomitant increase in the longer Aβ products and Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio. To different degree the same changes in Aβ products can be observed with two mutations that lead to an early onset of AD, ΔE9 and G384A. Four different lines of evidence show that γ-secretase can bind and cleave multiple substrate molecules in one catalytic turnover. Consequently depending on its concentration, NotchΔE substrate can activate or inhibit γ-secretase activity on C99 substrate. Multiple C99 molecules bound to γ-secretase can affect processive cleavages of the nascent Aβ catalytic intermediates and facilitate their premature release as the toxic membrane-imbedded Aβ-bundles. Conclusions Gradual saturation of γ-secretase with its substrate can be the pathogenic process in different alleged causes of AD. Thus, competitive inhibitors of γ-secretase offer the best chance for a successful therapy, while the noncompetitive inhibitors could even facilitate development of the disease by inducing enzyme saturation at otherwise sub-saturating substrate. Membrane-imbedded Aβ-bundles generated by γ-secretase could be neurotoxic and thus crucial for our understanding of the amyloid hypothesis and AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeljko M Svedružić
- Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rab, Croatia.
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27
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Martorana A, Esposito Z, Di Lorenzo F, Giacobbe V, Sancesario GM, Bucchi G, Bonnì S, Bernardini S, Sorge R, Sancesario G, Bernardi G, Caltagirone C, Koch G. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of Aβ42 relationship with cholinergic cortical activity in Alzheimer’s disease patients. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2012; 119:771-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-012-0780-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Benilova I, Karran E, De Strooper B. The toxic Aβ oligomer and Alzheimer's disease: an emperor in need of clothes. Nat Neurosci 2012; 15:349-57. [DOI: 10.1038/nn.3028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1435] [Impact Index Per Article: 119.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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29
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Savelkoul PJM, Janickova H, Kuipers AAM, Hageman RJJ, Kamphuis PJ, Dolezal V, Broersen LM. A specific multi-nutrient formulation enhances M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor responses in vitro. J Neurochem 2012; 120:631-40. [PMID: 22146060 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07616.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that supplementation with a specific combination of nutrients may affect cell membrane synthesis and composition. To investigate whether such nutrients may also modify the physical properties of membranes, and affect membrane-bound processes involved in signal transduction pathways, we studied the effects of nutrient supplementation on G protein-coupled receptor activation in vitro. In particular, we investigated muscarinic receptors, which are important for the progression of memory deterioration and pathology of Alzheimer's disease. Nerve growth factor differentiated pheochromocytoma cells that were supplemented with specific combinations of nutrients showed enhanced responses to muscarinic receptor agonists in a membrane potential assay. The largest effects were obtained with a combination of nutrients known as Fortasyn™ Connect, comprising docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, uridine monophosphate as a uridine source, choline, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid, phospholipids, vitamin C, vitamin E, and selenium. In subsequent experiments, it was shown that the effects of supplementation could not be attributed to single nutrients. In addition, it was shown that the agonist-induced response and the supplement-induced enhancement of the response were blocked with the muscarinic receptor antagonists atropine, telenzepine, and AF-DX 384. In order to determine whether the effects of Fortasyn™ Connect supplementation were receptor subtype specific, we investigated binding properties and activation of human muscarinic M1, M2 and M4 receptors in stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells after supplementation. Multi-nutrient supplementation did not change M1 receptor density in plasma membranes. However, M1 receptor-mediated G protein activation was significantly enhanced. In contrast, supplementation of M2- or M4-expressing cells did not affect receptor signaling. Taken together, these results indicate that a specific combination of nutrients acts synergistically in enhancing muscarinic M1 receptor responses, probably by facilitating receptor-mediated G protein activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J M Savelkoul
- Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Danone Research, Centre for Specialised Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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30
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Wright JW, Harding JW. Brain renin-angiotensin—A new look at an old system. Prog Neurobiol 2011; 95:49-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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31
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Haley GE, Kroenke C, Schwartz D, Kohama SG, Urbanski HF, Raber J. Hippocampal M1 receptor function associated with spatial learning and memory in aged female rhesus macaques. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2011; 33:309-320. [PMID: 20890730 PMCID: PMC3168603 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-010-9184-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Of the acetylcholine muscarinic receptors, the type 1 (M1) and type 2 (M2) receptors are expressed at the highest levels in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus, brain regions important for cognition. As equivocal findings of age-related changes of M1 and M2 in the nonhuman primate brain have been reported, we first assessed age-related changes in M1 and M2 in the PFC and hippocampus using saturation binding assays. Maximum M1 receptor binding, but not affinity of M1 receptor binding, decreased with age. In contrast, the affinity of M2 receptor binding, but not maximum M2 receptor binding, increased with age. To determine if in the elderly cognitive performance is associated with M1 or M2 function, we assessed muscarinic function in elderly female rhesus macaques in vivo using a scopolamine challenge pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging and in vitro using saturation binding assays. Based on their performance in a spatial maze, the animals were classified as good spatial performers (GSP) or poor spatial performers (PSP). In the hippocampus, but not PFC, the GSP group showed a greater change in T(2)*-weighted signal intensity after scopolamine challenge than the PSP group. The maximum M1 receptor binding and receptor binding affinity was greater in the GSP than the PSP group, but no group difference was found in M2 receptor binding. Parameters of circadian activity positively correlated with the difference in T(2)*-weighted signal intensity before and after the challenge, the maximum M1 receptor binding, and the M1 receptor binding affinity. Thus, while in rhesus macaques, there are age-related decreases in M1 and M2 receptor binding, in aged females, hippocampal M1, but not M2, receptor function is associated with spatial learning and memory and circadian activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolen E. Haley
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Chris Kroenke
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Daniel Schwartz
- Portland Veterans Administration Medical Center, Division of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Steven G. Kohama
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA
| | - Henryk F. Urbanski
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Jacob Raber
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
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Majlessi N, Choopani S, Kamalinejad M, Azizi Z. Amelioration of amyloid β-induced cognitive deficits by Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2011; 18:295-301. [PMID: 22070531 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2011.00237.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The limitations of current Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapeutics have prompted investigation into innovative therapeutics focused on antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective agents including those from medicinal plants. Numerous plants have been tested for their potential for alleviating symptoms of AD. AIMS Zataria multiflora Boiss. (ZM) a member of Lamiaceae family has been used in Iranian traditional medicine for its beneficial effects on mental abilities. Therefore, the effect of its essential oil was evaluated in a rat model of AD. METHODS Amyloid β-protein (Aβ) fragment 25-35 was injected bilaterally in the CA1 region of rats hippocampus and the effect of different doses of ZM essential oil (50, 100, or 200 μL/kg) on cognitive function was investigated in the Morris water maze. Acute toxicity of the essential oil was also studied. RESULTS The results showed increases in escape latency, traveled distance, heading angle, and decreases in target quadrant entries in Aβ-received groups as compared to the control group. This impairment was reversed by ZM essential oil. The results of acute toxicity testing revealed that the calculated LD50 (1264.9 μL/kg) is much higher than the therapeutic dose (100 μL/kg). CONCLUSIONS It seems that antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and anticholinesterase activities of ZM or its main constituents might contribute to its beneficial effects in this model. Our findings suggest that ZM may be a potentially valuable source of natural therapeutic agents for the treatment of AD. However, further investigations are necessary to establish its clinical efficacy and potential toxicity, before any recommendations concerning its use as a medication in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Majlessi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Thathiah A, De Strooper B. The role of G protein-coupled receptors in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 2011; 12:73-87. [DOI: 10.1038/nrn2977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Wang D, Xiang YK. β-adrenergic receptor, amyloid β-peptide, and Alzheimer's disease. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2011; 67:205-28. [PMID: 21771492 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-384921-2.00010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dayong Wang
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Cheng S, Li L, He S, Liu J, Sun Y, He M, Grasing K, Premont RT, Suo WZ. GRK5 deficiency accelerates {beta}-amyloid accumulation in Tg2576 mice via impaired cholinergic activity. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:41541-8. [PMID: 21041302 PMCID: PMC3009881 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.170894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2010] [Revised: 10/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5) deficiency is linked to Alzheimer disease, yet its precise roles in the disease pathogenesis remain to be delineated. We have previously demonstrated that GRK5 deficiency selectively impairs desensitization of presynaptic M2 autoreceptors, which causes presynaptic M2 hyperactivity and inhibits acetylcholine release. Here we report that inactivation of one copy of Grk5 gene in transgenic mice overexpressing β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) carrying Swedish mutations (Tg2576 or APPsw) resulted in significantly increased β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation, including increased Aβ(+) plaque burdens and soluble Aβ in brain lysates and interstitial fluid (ISF). In addition, secreted β-APP fragment (sAPPβ) also increased, whereas full-length APP level did not change, suggesting an alteration in favor of β-amyloidogenic APP processing in these animals. Reversely, perfusion of methoctramine, a selective M2 antagonist, fully corrected the difference between the control and GRK5-deficient APPsw mice for ISF Aβ. In contrast, a cholinesterase inhibitor, eserine, although significantly decreasing the ISF Aβ in both control and GRK5-deficient APPsw mice, failed to correct the difference between them. However, combining eserine with methoctramine additively reduced the ISF Aβ further in both animals. Altogether, these findings indicate that GRK5 deficiency accelerates β-amyloidogenic APP processing and Aβ accumulation in APPsw mice via impaired cholinergic activity and that presynaptic M2 hyperactivity is the specific target for eliminating the pathologic impact of GRK5 deficiency. Moreover, a combination of an M2 antagonist and a cholinesterase inhibitor may reach the maximal disease-modifying effect for both amyloid pathology and cholinergic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowu Cheng
- From the Laboratory for Alzheimer's Disease and Aging Research, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri 64128
| | - Longxuan Li
- From the Laboratory for Alzheimer's Disease and Aging Research, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri 64128
- the Department of Neurology, Guangdong Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Shuangteng He
- the Substance Abuse Research Laboratory, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri 64128
| | - Jun Liu
- From the Laboratory for Alzheimer's Disease and Aging Research, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri 64128
- the Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Yuning Sun
- From the Laboratory for Alzheimer's Disease and Aging Research, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri 64128
| | - Minchao He
- From the Laboratory for Alzheimer's Disease and Aging Research, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri 64128
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China, and
| | - Kenneth Grasing
- the Substance Abuse Research Laboratory, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri 64128
| | - Richard T. Premont
- the Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - William Z. Suo
- From the Laboratory for Alzheimer's Disease and Aging Research, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri 64128
- the Departments of Neurology and
- Physiology, University of Kansas Medical College, Kansas City, Kansas 66170
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Chadwick W, Brenneman R, Martin B, Maudsley S. Complex and multidimensional lipid raft alterations in a murine model of Alzheimer's disease. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2010; 2010:604792. [PMID: 21151659 PMCID: PMC2997345 DOI: 10.4061/2010/604792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Various animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been created to assist our appreciation of AD pathophysiology, as well as aid development of novel therapeutic strategies. Despite the discovery of mutated proteins that predict the development of AD, there are likely to be many other proteins also involved in this disorder. Complex physiological processes are mediated by coherent interactions of clusters of functionally related proteins. Synaptic dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of AD. Synaptic proteins are organized into multiprotein complexes in high-density membrane structures, known as lipid rafts. These microdomains enable coherent clustering of synergistic signaling proteins. We have used mass analytical techniques and multiple bioinformatic approaches to better appreciate the intricate interactions of these multifunctional proteins in the 3xTgAD murine model of AD. Our results show that there are significant alterations in numerous receptor/cell signaling proteins in cortical lipid rafts isolated from 3xTgAD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Chadwick
- Receptor Pharmacology Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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