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Hamidi V, Wang H, Pham V, Bermudez Saint Andre K, Taegtmeyer H, Gutierrez AD. Chronic GLP1 therapy reduces postprandial IL6 in obese humans with prediabetes. Cardiovasc Endocrinol Metab 2024; 13:e0298. [PMID: 38187405 PMCID: PMC10769508 DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Single-dose glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) therapy increases postprandial plasma IL6 levels in prediabetic, obese humans. GLP1-IL6 interactions underly multiple antidiabetic effects, but these may differ after acute versus chronic therapy. This study examines postprandial effects of GLP1 after chronic therapy. Seven humans (six Black) with prediabetes and obesity completed 6 weeks of exenatide extended release therapy. Then subjects returned for pre- and post-meal measurements of plasma IL6, GLP1, glucagon, and related inflammatory markers. Weight, which was measured before and after therapy, did not change. Plasma IL6 decreased from baseline to postmeal state ( = 0.016), with decreases in free fatty acids (P < 0.001) and increases in insulin (P = 0.002), glucose (P < 0.0001), triglycerides (P = 0.0178), and glucagon (P = 0.018). Baseline GLP1 levels matched 6 weeks of therapy. The fall in postprandial plasma IL6, which contrasts with the increase after acute therapy, highlights the need for more investigation regarding the mechanisms of acute versus chronic GLP1-IL6 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vala Hamidi
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine/Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, La Jolla, California
| | - Hongyu Wang
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Research Department Laboratory, Cizik School of Nursing
| | - Vi Pham
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
| | | | - Heinrich Taegtmeyer
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Absalon D. Gutierrez
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
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2
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Radványi Á, Röszer T. Interleukin-6: An Under-Appreciated Inducer of Thermogenic Adipocyte Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2810. [PMID: 38474057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue inflammation is a key factor leading to obesity-associated immune disorders, such as insulin resistance, beta cell loss in the pancreatic islets, meta-inflammation, and autoimmunity. Inhibiting adipose tissue inflammation is considered a straightforward approach to abrogate these diseases. However, recent findings show that certain pro-inflammatory cytokines are essential for the proper differentiation and functioning of adipocytes. Lipolysis is stimulated, and the thermogenic competence of adipocytes is unlocked by interleukin-6 (IL-6), a cytokine that was initially recognized as a key trigger of adipose tissue inflammation. Coherently, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), which is a signal transducer for IL-6, is necessary for thermogenic adipocyte development. Given the impact of thermogenic adipocytes in increasing energy expenditure and reducing body adiposity, functions of IL-6 in the adipose tissue have gained attention recently. In this review, we show that IL-6 signaling may protect from excess fat accumulation by stimulating thermogenesis in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Radványi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Röszer
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Horwitz A, Birk R. Adipose Tissue Hyperplasia and Hypertrophy in Common and Syndromic Obesity-The Case of BBS Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:3445. [PMID: 37571382 PMCID: PMC10421039 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a metabolic state generated by the expansion of adipose tissue. Adipose tissue expansion depends on the interplay between hyperplasia and hypertrophy, and is mainly regulated by a complex interaction between genetics and excess energy intake. However, the genetic regulation of adipose tissue expansion is yet to be fully understood. Obesity can be divided into common multifactorial/polygenic obesity and monogenic obesity, non-syndromic and syndromic. Several genes related to obesity were found through studies of monogenic non-syndromic obesity models. However, syndromic obesity, characterized by additional features other than obesity, suggesting a more global role of the mutant genes related to the syndrome and, thus, an additional peripheral influence on the development of obesity, were hardly studied to date in this regard. This review summarizes present knowledge regarding the hyperplasia and hypertrophy of adipocytes in common obesity. Additionally, we highlight the scarce research on syndromic obesity as a model for studying adipocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy, focusing on Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS). BBS obesity involves central and peripheral mechanisms, with molecular and mechanistic alternation in adipocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy. Thus, we argue that using syndromic obesity models, such as BBS, can further advance our knowledge regarding peripheral adipocyte regulation in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth Birk
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
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4
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Ye J, Gao C, Liang Y, Hou Z, Shi Y, Wang Y. Characteristic and fate determination of adipose precursors during adipose tissue remodeling. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 12:13. [PMID: 37138165 PMCID: PMC10156890 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-023-00157-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissues are essential for actively regulating systemic energy balance, glucose homeostasis, immune responses, reproduction, and longevity. Adipocytes maintain dynamic metabolic needs and possess heterogeneity in energy storage and supply. Overexpansion of adipose tissue, especially the visceral type, is a high risk for diabetes and other metabolic diseases. Changes in adipocytes, hypertrophy or hyperplasia, contribute to the remodeling of obese adipose tissues, accompanied by abundant immune cell accumulation, decreased angiogenesis, and aberrant extracellular matrix deposition. The process and mechanism of adipogenesis are well known, however, adipose precursors and their fate decision are only being defined with recent information available to decipher how adipose tissues generate, maintain, and remodel. Here, we discuss the key findings that identify adipose precursors phenotypically, with special emphasis on the intrinsic and extrinsic signals in instructing and regulating the fate of adipose precursors under pathophysiological conditions. We hope that the information in this review lead to novel therapeutic strategies to combat obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Cheng Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yong Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zongliu Hou
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650000, Yunnan, China
| | - Yufang Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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5
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Röszer T. Metabolic impact of adipose tissue macrophages in the early postnatal life. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:1515-1524. [PMID: 35899927 PMCID: PMC9796690 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mr0722-201r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) play key roles in metabolic inflammation, insulin resistance, adipose tissue fibrosis, and immune disorders associated with obesity. Research on ATM biology has mostly been conducted in the setting of adult obesity, since adipocyte hypertrophy is associated with a significant increase in ATM number. Signals that control ATM activation toward a proinflammatory or a proresolving phenotype also determine the developmental program and lipid metabolism of adipocytes after birth. ATMs are present at birth and actively participate in the synthesis of mediators, which induce lipolysis, mitobiogenesis, and mitochondrial uncoupling in adipocytes. ATMs in the newborn and the infant promote a lipolytic and fatty acid oxidizing adipocyte phenotype, which is essential to support the lipid-fueled metabolism, to maintain nonshivering thermogenesis and counteract an excessive adipose tissue expansion. Since adipose tissue metabolism in the early postnatal life determines obesity status in adulthood, early-life ATM functions may have a life-long impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Röszer
- Division of Pediatric Obesity, Children's Hospital and Institute of PediatricsUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary,Institute of NeurobiologyUlm UniversityUlmGermany
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6
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Gutierrez AD, Gao Z, Hamidi V, Zhu L, Saint Andre KB, Riggs K, Ruscheinsky M, Wang H, Yu Y, Miller C, Vasquez H, Taegtmeyer H, Kolonin MG. Anti-diabetic effects of GLP1 analogs are mediated by thermogenic interleukin-6 signaling in adipocytes. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100813. [PMID: 36384099 PMCID: PMC9729831 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying anti-diabetic effects of GLP1 analogs remain incompletely understood. We observed that in prediabetic humans exenatide treatment acutely induces interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion by monocytes and IL-6 in systemic circulation. We hypothesized that GLP1 analogs signal through IL-6 in adipose tissue (AT) and used the mouse model to test if IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) signaling underlies the effects of the GLP1-IL-6 axis. We show that liraglutide transiently increases IL-6 in mouse circulation and IL-6R signaling in AT. Metronomic liraglutide treatment resulted in AT browning and thermogenesis linked with STAT3 activation. IL-6-blocking antibody treatment inhibited STAT3 activation in AT and suppressed liraglutide-induced increase in thermogenesis and glucose utilization. We show that adipose IL-6R knockout mice still display liraglutide-induced weight loss but lack thermogenic adipocyte browning and metabolism activation. We conclude that the anti-diabetic effects of GLP1 analogs are mediated by transient upregulation of IL-6, which activates canonical IL-6R signaling and thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Absalon D. Gutierrez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Zhanguo Gao
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vala Hamidi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Kayla Riggs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75225, USA
| | - Monika Ruscheinsky
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hongyu Wang
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yongmei Yu
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Charles Miller
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hernan Vasquez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Heinrich Taegtmeyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mikhail G. Kolonin
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA,Corresponding author
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Lin J, Zhu S, Liao Y, Liang Z, Quan Y, He Y, Cai J, Lu F. Spontaneous Browning of White Adipose Tissue Improves Angiogenesis and Reduces Macrophage Infiltration After Fat Grafting in Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:845158. [PMID: 35557960 PMCID: PMC9087586 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.845158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fat grafting is a frequently used technique; however, its survival/ regeneration mechanism is not fully understood. The browning of white adipocytes, a process initiated in response to external stimuli, is the conversion of white to beige adipocytes. The physiologic significance of the browning of adipocytes following transplantation is unclear. Methods: C57BL/6 mice received 150 mg grafts of inguinal adipose tissue, and then the transplanted fat was harvested and analyzed at different time points to assess the browning process. To verify the role of browning of adipocytes in fat grafting, the recipient mice were allocated to three groups, which were administered CL316243 or SR59230A to stimulate or suppress browning, respectively, or a control group after transplantation. Results: Browning of the grafts was present in the center of each as early as 7 days post-transplantation. The number of beige cells peaked at day 14 and then decreased gradually until they were almost absent at day 90. The activation of browning resulted in superior angiogenesis, higher expression of the pro-angiogenic molecules vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), fewer macrophages, and ultimately better graft survival (Upregulation, 59.17% ± 6.64% vs. Control, 40.33% ± 4.03%, *p < 0.05), whereas the inhibition of browning led to poor angiogenesis, lower expression of VEGF-A, increased inflammatory macrophages, and poor transplant retention at week 10 (Downregulation, 20.67% ± 3.69% vs. Control, 40.33% ± 4.03%, *p < 0.05). Conclusion: The browning of WAT following transplantation improves the survival of fat grafts by the promotion of angiogenesis and reducing macrophage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Feng Lu
- *Correspondence: Junrong Cai, ; Feng Lu,
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8
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Adipose Tissue Immunometabolism and Apoptotic Cell Clearance. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092288. [PMID: 34571937 PMCID: PMC8470283 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The safe removal of apoptotic debris by macrophages—often referred to as efferocytosis—is crucial for maintaining tissue integrity and preventing self-immunity or tissue damaging inflammation. Macrophages clear tissues of hazardous materials from dying cells and ultimately adopt a pro-resolving activation state. However, adipocyte apoptosis is an inflammation-generating process, and the removal of apoptotic adipocytes by so-called adipose tissue macrophages triggers a sequence of events that lead to meta-inflammation and obesity-associated metabolic diseases. Signals that allow apoptotic cells to control macrophage immune functions are complex and involve metabolites released by the apoptotic cells and also metabolites produced by the macrophages during the digestion of apoptotic cell contents. This review provides a concise summary of the adipocyte-derived metabolites that potentially control adipose tissue macrophage immune functions and, hence, may induce or alleviate adipose tissue inflammation.
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9
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PARPs in lipid metabolism and related diseases. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 84:101117. [PMID: 34450194 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PARPs and tankyrases (TNKS) represent a family of 17 proteins. PARPs and tankyrases were originally identified as DNA repair factors, nevertheless, recent advances have shed light on their role in lipid metabolism. To date, PARP1, PARP2, PARP3, tankyrases, PARP9, PARP10, PARP14 were reported to have multi-pronged connections to lipid metabolism. The activity of PARP enzymes is fine-tuned by a set of cholesterol-based compounds as oxidized cholesterol derivatives, steroid hormones or bile acids. In turn, PARPs modulate several key processes of lipid homeostasis (lipotoxicity, fatty acid and steroid biosynthesis, lipoprotein homeostasis, fatty acid oxidation, etc.). PARPs are also cofactors of lipid-responsive nuclear receptors and transcription factors through which PARPs regulate lipid metabolism and lipid homeostasis. PARP activation often represents a disruptive signal to (lipid) metabolism, and PARP-dependent changes to lipid metabolism have pathophysiological role in the development of hyperlipidemia, obesity, alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, type II diabetes and its complications, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular aging and skin pathologies, just to name a few. In this synopsis we will review the evidence supporting the beneficial effects of pharmacological PARP inhibitors in these diseases/pathologies and propose repurposing PARP inhibitors already available for the treatment of various malignancies.
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10
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Verduci E, Calcaterra V, Di Profio E, Fiore G, Rey F, Magenes VC, Todisco CF, Carelli S, Zuccotti GV. Brown Adipose Tissue: New Challenges for Prevention of Childhood Obesity. A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051450. [PMID: 33923364 PMCID: PMC8145569 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric obesity remains a challenge in modern society. Recently, research has focused on the role of the brown adipose tissue (BAT) as a potential target of intervention. In this review, we revised preclinical and clinical works on factors that may promote BAT or browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) from fetal age to adolescence. Maternal lifestyle, type of breastfeeding and healthy microbiota can affect the thermogenic activity of BAT. Environmental factors such as exposure to cold or physical activity also play a role in promoting and activating BAT. Most of the evidence is preclinical, although in clinic there is some evidence on the role of omega-3 PUFAs (EPA and DHA) supplementation on BAT activation. Clinical studies are needed to dissect the early factors and their modulation to allow proper BAT development and functions and to prevent onset of childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Verduci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20146 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (E.D.P.); (G.F.); (V.C.M.); (C.F.T.); (G.V.Z.)
- Correspondence: (E.V.); (S.C.)
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (E.D.P.); (G.F.); (V.C.M.); (C.F.T.); (G.V.Z.)
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Di Profio
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (E.D.P.); (G.F.); (V.C.M.); (C.F.T.); (G.V.Z.)
- Department of Animal Sciences for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Fiore
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (E.D.P.); (G.F.); (V.C.M.); (C.F.T.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Federica Rey
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy;
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Vittoria Carlotta Magenes
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (E.D.P.); (G.F.); (V.C.M.); (C.F.T.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Carolina Federica Todisco
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (E.D.P.); (G.F.); (V.C.M.); (C.F.T.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Stephana Carelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy;
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.V.); (S.C.)
| | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (E.D.P.); (G.F.); (V.C.M.); (C.F.T.); (G.V.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy;
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
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11
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Zhang D, Wu W, Huang X, Xu K, Zheng C, Zhang J. Comparative analysis of gene expression profiles in differentiated subcutaneous adipocytes between Jiaxing Black and Large White pigs. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:61. [PMID: 33468065 PMCID: PMC7814706 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07361-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chinese domestic pig breeds are reputed for pork quality, but their low ratio of lean-to-fat carcass weight decreases production efficiency. A better understanding of the genetic regulation network of subcutaneous fat tissue is necessary for the rational selection of Chinese domestic pig breeds. In the present study, subcutaneous adipocytes were isolated from Jiaxing Black pigs a Chinese indigenous pig breed with redundant subcutaneous fat deposition and Large White pigs a lean-type pig breed with relatively low subcutaneous fat deposition. The expression profiles of mRNAs and lncRNAs were compared by RNA-seq analysis to identify biomarkers correlated with the differences of subcutaneous fat deposition between the two breeds. Results A total of 1058 differentially expressed genes and 221 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified in subcutaneous adipocytes between Jiaxing Black and Large White pigs, which included 275 up-regulated mRNAs, 783 down-regulated mRNAs, 118 up-regulated lncRNAs and 103 down-regulated lncRNAs. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses revealed that the differentially expressed genes and differentially expressed lncRNAs were mainly involved in the immune response, cell fate determination, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway, which are known to be related to adipogenesis and lipid metabolism. The expression levels of differentially expressed genes and differentially expressed lncRNAs according to the RNA-seq data were verified by quantitative PCR, which showed 81.8% consistency. The differences in MAPK pathway activity between Jiaxing Black and Large White pigs was confirmed by western blot analysis, which revealed elevated p38 phosphorylation in Jiaxing Black pigs. Conclusions This study offers a detailed characterization of mRNAs and lncRNAs in fat- and lean-type pig breeds. The activity of the MAPK signaling pathway was found to be associated with subcutaneous adipogenesis. These results provide new targets for further investigation of the molecular mechanisms regulating subcutaneous fat deposition in pigs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-020-07361-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Zhang
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Wenjing Wu
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Xin Huang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qin Huangdao, 066000, Hebei, China
| | - Ke Xu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qin Huangdao, 066000, Hebei, China
| | - Cheng Zheng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qin Huangdao, 066000, Hebei, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China.
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12
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Gao Z, Daquinag AC, Fussell C, Zhao Z, Dai Y, Rivera A, Snyder BE, Eckel-Mahan KL, Kolonin MG. Age-associated telomere attrition in adipocyte progenitors predisposes to metabolic disease. Nat Metab 2020; 2:1482-1497. [PMID: 33324010 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-00320-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
White and beige adipocytes in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) are maintained by proliferation and differentiation of adipose progenitor cells (APCs). Here we use mice with tissue-specific telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene knockout (KO), which undergo premature telomere shortening and proliferative senescence in APCs, to investigate the effect of over-nutrition on APC exhaustion and metabolic dysfunction. We find that TERT KO in the Pdgfra+ cell lineage results in adipocyte hypertrophy, inflammation and fibrosis in SAT, while TERT KO in the Pdgfrb+ lineage leads to adipocyte hypertrophy in both SAT and VAT. Systemic insulin resistance is observed in both KO models and is aggravated by a high-fat diet. Analysis of human biopsies demonstrates that telomere shortening in SAT is associated with metabolic disease progression after bariatric surgery. Our data indicate that over-nutrition can promote APC senescence and provide a mechanistic link between ageing, obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanguo Gao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexes C Daquinag
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cale Fussell
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yulin Dai
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Brad E Snyder
- Memorial Hermann Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kristin L Eckel-Mahan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mikhail G Kolonin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Colon Transcriptomics Reveals Sex-Dependent Metabolic Signatures in Response to 2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine Treatment in C57BL/6N Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186620. [PMID: 32927802 PMCID: PMC7555907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diets high in red meats, particularly meats cooked at high temperature, increase the risk of colon cancer due to a production of heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs). Of the identified HAAs, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) is the most mass abundant colon carcinogen in charred meat or fish. Here, we comprehensively examined sex-dependent colon transcriptome signatures in response to PhIP treatment to identify biological discrepancies. Eight-week-old male and female C57BL/6N mice were intraperitoneally injected with PhIP (10 mg/kg of body weight) and colon tissues were harvested 24 h after PhIP injection, followed by colon transcriptomics analysis. A list of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was utilized for computational bioinformatic analyses. Specifically, overrepresentation test using the Protein Analysis Through Evolutionary Relationships tool was carried out to annotate sex-dependent changes in transcriptome signatures after PhIP treatment. Additionally, the most significantly affected canonical pathways by PhIP treatment were predicted using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. As results, male and female mice presented different metabolic signatures in the colon transcriptome. In the male mice, oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondrial respiratory chain was the pathway impacted the most; this might be due to a shortage of ATP for DNA repair. On the other hand, the female mice showed concurrent activation of lipolysis and adipogenesis. The present study provides the foundational information for future studies of PhIP effects on underlying sex-dependent mechanisms.
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Eckel-Mahan K, Ribas Latre A, Kolonin MG. Adipose Stromal Cell Expansion and Exhaustion: Mechanisms and Consequences. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040863. [PMID: 32252348 PMCID: PMC7226766 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is comprised of a diverse number of cell types, including adipocytes, stromal cells, endothelial cells, and infiltrating leukocytes. Adipose stromal cells (ASCs) are a mixed population containing adipose progenitor cells (APCs) as well as fibro-inflammatory precursors and cells supporting the vasculature. There is growing evidence that the ability of ASCs to renew and undergo adipogenesis into new, healthy adipocytes is a hallmark of healthy fat, preventing disease-inducing adipocyte hypertrophy and the spillover of lipids into other organs, such as the liver and muscles. However, there is building evidence indicating that the ability for ASCs to self-renew is not infinite. With rates of ASC proliferation and adipogenesis tightly controlled by diet and the circadian clock, the capacity to maintain healthy AT via the generation of new, healthy adipocytes appears to be tightly regulated. Here, we review the contributions of ASCs to the maintenance of distinct adipocyte pools as well as pathogenic fibroblasts in cancer and fibrosis. We also discuss aging and diet-induced obesity as factors that might lead to ASC senescence, and the consequences for metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Eckel-Mahan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Aleix Ribas Latre
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research Center, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Mikhail G. Kolonin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Correspondence:
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The role of ADP-ribose metabolism in metabolic regulation, adipose tissue differentiation, and metabolism. Genes Dev 2020; 34:321-340. [PMID: 32029456 PMCID: PMC7050491 DOI: 10.1101/gad.334284.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this review, Szanto et al. summarize the metabolic regulatory roles of PARP enzymes and their associated pathologies. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs or ARTDs), originally described as DNA repair factors, have metabolic regulatory roles. PARP1, PARP2, PARP7, PARP10, and PARP14 regulate central and peripheral carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and often channel pathological disruptive metabolic signals. PARP1 and PARP2 are crucial for adipocyte differentiation, including the commitment toward white, brown, or beige adipose tissue lineages, as well as the regulation of lipid accumulation. Through regulating adipocyte function and organismal energy balance, PARPs play a role in obesity and the consequences of obesity. These findings can be translated into humans, as evidenced by studies on identical twins and SNPs affecting PARP activity.
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16
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Gliniak CM, Scherer PE. Critical lipids link breastfeeding to healthy adipose tissue in infancy and adulthood. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2198-2200. [PMID: 31081800 DOI: 10.1172/jci128830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of beige adipose tissue (BeAT) has recently gained popularity because of its potential as a therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity and other metabolic disorders. While BeAT regulation is well understood in adults, the critical signals regulating BeAT during infant development need to be better defined. The bioactive components in breast milk have been primarily studied in the context of immunity. In this issue of the JCI, Yu and Dilbaz et al. identify how a class of breast milk-specific lipid mediators referred to as alkylglycerols (AKGs) maintain BeAT in infants and prevent the transdifferentiation of BeAT into lipid-storing white adipose tissue (WAT).
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Yu H, Dilbaz S, Coßmann J, Hoang AC, Diedrich V, Herwig A, Harauma A, Hoshi Y, Moriguchi T, Landgraf K, Körner A, Lucas C, Brodesser S, Balogh L, Thuróczy J, Karemore G, Kuefner MS, Park EA, Rapp C, Travers JB, Röszer T. Breast milk alkylglycerols sustain beige adipocytes through adipose tissue macrophages. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2485-2499. [PMID: 31081799 PMCID: PMC6546455 DOI: 10.1172/jci125646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevalence of obesity among infants and children below 5 years of age is rising dramatically, and early childhood obesity is a forerunner of obesity and obesity-associated diseases in adulthood. Childhood obesity is hence one of the most serious public health challenges today. Here, we have identified a mother-to-child lipid signaling that protects from obesity. We have found that breast milk-specific lipid species, so-called alkylglycerol-type (AKG-type) ether lipids, which are absent from infant formula and adult-type diets, maintain beige adipose tissue (BeAT) in the infant and impede the transformation of BeAT into lipid-storing white adipose tissue (WAT). Breast milk AKGs are metabolized by adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) to platelet-activating factor (PAF), which ultimately activates IL-6/STAT3 signaling in adipocytes and triggers BeAT development in the infant. Accordingly, lack of AKG intake in infancy leads to a premature loss of BeAT and increases fat accumulation. AKG signaling is specific for infants and is inactivated in adulthood. However, in obese adipose tissue, ATMs regain their ability to metabolize AKGs, which reduces obesity. In summary, AKGs are specific lipid signals of breast milk that are essential for healthy adipose tissue development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sedat Dilbaz
- Institute of Neurobiology, and
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Akiko Harauma
- Department of Food and Life Science, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yukino Hoshi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toru Moriguchi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kathrin Landgraf
- Center for Pediatric Research, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Körner
- Center for Pediatric Research, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christina Lucas
- Lipidomics Facility, CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Susanne Brodesser
- Lipidomics Facility, CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lajos Balogh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Public Health Center (NPHC), Budapest, Hungary
| | - Julianna Thuróczy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Public Health Center (NPHC), Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gopal Karemore
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Scott Kuefner
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Edwards A. Park
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Christine Rapp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
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Jiang H, Wang M, Ye J, Liu J, Wang Z, Xu Y, Ye D, Wan J. Serum Levels of Complement-C1q/Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Protein-3 Decreased in Patients With Acute Aortic Dissection. Am J Cardiol 2018; 122:1244-1248. [PMID: 30072126 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Complement-C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein-3 (CTRP3) is one kind of adipocytokines and has been reported to play key roles in many cardiovascular diseases by regulating inflammation. Inflammation was reported to be involved in the development of acute aortic dissection (AAD). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether serum levels of CTRP3 were associated with AAD. The serum was collected from 108 participants, including 60 patients with AAD and 32 patients with hypertension, as well as 16 healthy subjects. Serum levels of CTRP3, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Decreased serum levels of CTRP3 were found in AAD patients compared with hypertension and healthy subjects (35.89 ± 11.26 vs 52.60 ± 13.90 and 51.71 ± 18.64 ng/mL, p < 0.001, respectively). IL-6 and TNF-α levels were significantly higher in AAD patients than those in hypertension and healthy subjects (IL-6: 31.33 ± 15.18 vs 13.13 ± 8.63 and 9.40 ± 6.27 pg/mL, p < 0.001; TNF-α: 36.87 ± 11.16 vs 29.66 ± 5.12 and 22.93 ± 7.18 pg/mL, p < 0.001, respectively). In AAD, CTRP3 levels showed a negative correlation with IL-6 and TNF-α levels respectively (r = -0.508, p < 0.001; r = -0.393, p = 0.002, respectively). In conclusion, decreased levels of CTRP3 may be associated with the development of AAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Menglong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianfang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China.
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