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Donner L, Krüger I, Pfeiler S, Gerdes N, Schaller M, Kelm M, Elvers M. Reduced platelet activation and thrombus formation in male transgenic model mice of Alzheimer's disease suggests early sex-specific differences in platelet pathophysiology. Mol Cell Neurosci 2024:103952. [PMID: 39002827 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2024.103952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and characterized by extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, intracellular neurofibrillary tau tangles and neurodegeneration. Over 80 % of AD patients also exhibit cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). CAA is a cerebrovascular disease caused by deposition of Aβ in the walls of cerebral blood vessels leading to vessel damage and impairment of normal blood flow. To date, different studies suggest that platelet function, including activation, adhesion and aggregation, is altered in AD due to vascular Aβ deposition. For example, the transgenic AD model mice APP23 mice that exhibit CAA and parenchymal Aβ plaques, show pre-activated platelets in the blood circulation and increased platelet integrin activation leading to a pro-thrombotic phenotype in these mice late stages of AD. However, it is still an open question whether or not platelets exhibit changes in their activation profile before they are exposed to vascular Aβ deposits. Therefore, the present study examined platelets from middle-aged transgenic APP23 mice at the age of 8-10 months. At this age, APP23 mice show amyloid plaques in the brain parenchyma but not in the vasculature. Our analyses show that these APP23 mice have unaltered platelet numbers and size, and unaltered surface expression of glycoproteins. However, the number of dense granules in transgenic platelets was increased while the release was unaltered. Male, but not female APP23 mice, exhibited reduced platelet activation after stimulation of the thrombin receptor PAR4 and decreased thrombus stability on collagen under flow conditions ex vivo compared to control mice. In an arterial thrombosis model in vivo, male APP23 mice showed attenuated occlusion of the injured artery compared to controls. These findings provide clear evidence for early changes in platelet activation and thrombus formation in male mice before development of overt CAA. Furthermore, reduced platelet activation and thrombus formation suggest sex-specific differences in platelet physiology in AD that has to be considered in future studies of platelets and their role in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Donner
- Department of Vascular- and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Irena Krüger
- Department of Vascular- and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Susanne Pfeiler
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Norbert Gerdes
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Malte Kelm
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Margitta Elvers
- Department of Vascular- and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Krott KJ, Feige T, Elvers M. Flow Chamber Analyses in Cardiovascular Research: Impact of Platelets and the Intercellular Crosstalk with Endothelial Cells, Leukocytes, and Red Blood Cells. Hamostaseologie 2023; 43:338-347. [PMID: 37857296 DOI: 10.1055/a-2113-1134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are main drivers of thrombus formation. Besides platelet aggregate formation, platelets interact with different blood cells such as red blood and white blood cells (RBCs, WBCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), to promote thrombus formation and inflammation. In the past, the role of different proteins in platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregate formation has been analyzed using platelets/mice with a genetic loss of a certain protein. These knock-out mouse models have been investigated for changes in experimental arterial thrombosis or hemostasis. In this review, we focused on the Maastricht flow chamber, which is a very elegant tool to analyze thrombus formation under flow using whole blood or different blood cell components of genetically modified mice. Besides, the interaction of platelets with RBCs, WBCs, and ECs under flow conditions has been evaluated with regard to thrombus formation and platelet-mediated inflammation. Importantly, alterations in thrombus formation as emerged in the flow chamber frequently reflect arterial thrombosis in different mouse models. Thus, the results of flow chamber experiments in vitro are excellent indicators for differences in arterial thrombosis in vivo. Taken together, the Maastricht flow chamber can be used to (1) determine the severity of platelet alterations in different knock-out mice; (2) analyze differences in platelet adhesion, aggregation, and activation; (3) investigate collagen and non-collagen-dependent alterations of thrombus formation; and (4) highlight differences in the interaction of platelets with different blood/ECs. Thus, this experimental approach is a useful tool to increase our understanding of signaling mechanisms that drive arterial thrombosis and hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Jürgen Krott
- Department of Vascular- and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Feige
- Department of Vascular- and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Margitta Elvers
- Department of Vascular- and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Reusswig F, Yilmaz M, Brechtenkamp M, Krueger I, Metz LM, Klöcker N, Lammert E, Elvers M. The NMDA receptor regulates integrin activation, ATP release and arterial thrombosis through store-operated Ca 2+ entry in platelets. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1171831. [PMID: 37252113 PMCID: PMC10217778 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1171831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Platelet activation and thrombus formation is crucial for hemostasis, but also trigger arterial thrombosis. Calcium mobilization plays an important role in platelet activation, because many cellular processes depend on the level of intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+](i)), such as integrin activation, degranulation, cytoskeletal reorganization. Different modulators of Ca2+ signaling have been implied, such as STIM1, Orai1, CyPA, SGK1, etc. Also, the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) was identified to contribute to Ca2+ signaling in platelets. However, the role of the NMDAR in thrombus formation is not well defined. Methods In vitro and in vivo analysis of platelet-specific NMDAR knock-out mice. Results In this study, we analyzed Grin1fl/fl-Pf4-Cre+ mice with a platelet-specific knock-out of the essential GluN1 subunit of the NMDAR. We found reduced store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), but unaltered store release in GluN1-deficient platelets. Defective SOCE resulted in reduced Src and PKC substrate phosphorylation following stimulation of glycoprotein (GP)VI or the thrombin receptor PAR4 followed by decreased integrin activation but unaltered degranulation. Consequently, thrombus formation on collagen under flow conditions was reduced ex vivo, and Grin1fl/fl-Pf4-Cre+ mice were protected against arterial thrombosis. Results from human platelets treated with the NMDAR antagonist MK-801 revealed a crucial role of the NMDAR in integrin activation and Ca2+ homeostasis in human platelets as well. Conclusion NMDAR signaling is important for SOCE in platelets and contributes to platelet activation and arterial thrombosis. Thus, the NMDAR represents a novel target for anti-platelet therapy in cardiovascular disease (CVD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Reusswig
- Department of Vascular- and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Münteha Yilmaz
- Department of Vascular- and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marius Brechtenkamp
- Department of Vascular- and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Irena Krueger
- Department of Vascular- and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lisa Maria Metz
- Department of Vascular- and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nikolaj Klöcker
- Institute of Neural and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eckhard Lammert
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Margitta Elvers
- Department of Vascular- and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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de Sousa DMB, Benedetti A, Altendorfer B, Mrowetz H, Unger MS, Schallmoser K, Aigner L, Kniewallner KM. Immune-mediated platelet depletion augments Alzheimer's disease neuropathological hallmarks in APP-PS1 mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:630-649. [PMID: 36734880 PMCID: PMC9970308 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), platelets become dysfunctional and might contribute to amyloid beta deposition. Here, we depleted platelets in one-year-old APP Swedish PS1 dE9 (APP-PS1) transgenic mice for five days, using intraperitoneal injections of an anti-CD42b antibody, and assessed changes in cerebral amyloidosis, plaque-associated neuritic dystrophy and gliosis. In APP-PS1 female mice, platelet depletion shifted amyloid plaque size distribution towards bigger plaques and increased neuritic dystrophy in the hippocampus. In platelet-depleted females, plaque-associated Iba1+ microglia had lower amounts of fibrillar amyloid beta cargo and GFAP+ astrocytic processes showed a higher overlap with thioflavin S+ amyloid plaques. In contrast to the popular hypothesis that platelets foster plaque pathology, our data suggest that platelets might limit plaque growth and attenuate plaque-related neuritic dystrophy at advanced stages of amyloid plaque pathology in APP-PS1 female mice. Whether the changes in amyloid plaque pathology are due to a direct effect on amyloid beta deposition or are a consequence of altered glial function needs to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M. Bessa de Sousa
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ariane Benedetti
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria,Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Barbara Altendorfer
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Heike Mrowetz
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael S. Unger
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Katharina Schallmoser
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria,Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kathrin Maria Kniewallner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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5
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Metz LM, Feige T, de Biasi L, Ehrenberg A, Mulorz J, Toska LM, Reusswig F, Quast C, Gerdes N, Kelm M, Schelzig H, Elvers M. Platelet pannexin-1 channels modulate neutrophil activation and migration but not the progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1111108. [PMID: 36950521 PMCID: PMC10025481 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1111108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common disease and highly lethal if untreated. The progressive dilatation of the abdominal aorta is accompanied by degradation and remodeling of the vessel wall due to chronic inflammation. Pannexins represent anion-selective channels and play a crucial role in non-vesicular ATP release to amplify paracrine signaling in cells. Thus, pannexins are involved in many (patho-) physiological processes. Recently, Panx1 channels were identified to be significantly involved in abdominal aortic aneurysm formation through endothelial derived Panx1 regulated inflammation and aortic remodeling. In platelets, Panx1 becomes activated following activation of glycoprotein (GP) VI. Since platelets play a role in cardiovascular diseases including abdominal aortic aneurysm, we analyzed the contribution of platelet Panx1 in the progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm. We detected enhanced Panx1 plasma levels in abdominal aortic aneurysm patients. In experimental abdominal aortic aneurysm using the pancreatic porcine elastase (PPE) mouse model, a major contribution of platelet Panx1 channels in platelet activation, pro-coagulant activity of platelets and platelet-mediated inflammation has been detected. In detail, platelets are important for the migration of neutrophils into the aortic wall induced by direct cell interaction and by activation of endothelial cells. Decreased platelet activation and inflammation did not affect ECM remodeling or wall thickness in platelet-specific Panx1 knock-out mice following PPE surgery. Thus, aortic diameter expansion at different time points after elastase infusion of the aortic wall was unaltered in platelet-specific Panx1 deficient mice suggesting that the modulation of inflammation alone does not affect abdominal aortic aneurysm formation and progression. In conclusion, our data strongly supports the role of platelets in inflammatory responses in abdominal aortic aneurysm via Panx1 channels and adds important knowledge about the significance of platelets in abdominal aortic aneurysm pathology important for the establishment of an anti-platelet therapy for abdominal aortic aneurysm patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Maria Metz
- Department of Vascular- and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Feige
- Department of Vascular- and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Larissa de Biasi
- Department of Vascular- and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Agnes Ehrenberg
- Department of Vascular- and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Joscha Mulorz
- Department of Vascular- and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Laura Mara Toska
- Department of Vascular- and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Friedrich Reusswig
- Department of Vascular- and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Christine Quast
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Norbert Gerdes
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hubert Schelzig
- Department of Vascular- and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Margitta Elvers
- Department of Vascular- and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
- *Correspondence: Margitta Elvers,
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Beura SK, Dhapola R, Panigrahi AR, Yadav P, Reddy DH, Singh SK. Redefining oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease: Targeting platelet reactive oxygen species for novel therapeutic options. Life Sci 2022; 306:120855. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Role of Receptors in Relation to Plaques and Tangles in Alzheimer's Disease Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312987. [PMID: 34884789 PMCID: PMC8657621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the identification of Aβ plaques and NFTs as biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology, therapeutic interventions remain elusive, with neither an absolute prophylactic nor a curative medication available to impede the progression of AD presently available. Current approaches focus on symptomatic treatments to maintain AD patients’ mental stability and behavioral symptoms by decreasing neuronal degeneration; however, the complexity of AD pathology requires a wide range of therapeutic approaches for both preventive and curative treatments. In this regard, this review summarizes the role of receptors as a potential target for treating AD and focuses on the path of major receptors which are responsible for AD progression. This review gives an overall idea centering on major receptors, their agonist and antagonist and future prospects of viral mimicry in AD pathology. This article aims to provide researchers and developers a comprehensive idea about the different receptors involved in AD pathogenesis that may lead to finding a new therapeutic strategy to treat AD.
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8
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Montague SJ, Patel P, Martin EM, Slater A, Quintanilla LG, Perrella G, Kardeby C, Nagy M, Mezzano D, Mendes PM, Watson SP. Platelet activation by charged ligands and nanoparticles: platelet glycoprotein receptors as pattern recognition receptors. Platelets 2021; 32:1018-1030. [PMID: 34266346 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2021.1945571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Charge interactions play a critical role in the activation of the innate immune system by damage- and pathogen-associated molecular pattern receptors. The ability of these receptors to recognize a wide spectrum of ligands through a common mechanism is critical in host defense. In this article, we argue that platelet glycoprotein receptors that signal through conserved tyrosine-based motifs function as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) for charged endogenous and exogenous ligands, including sulfated polysaccharides, charged proteins and nanoparticles. This is exemplified by GPVI, CLEC-2 and PEAR1 which are activated by a wide spectrum of endogenous and exogenous ligands, including diesel exhaust particles, sulfated polysaccharides and charged surfaces. We propose that this mechanism has evolved to drive rapid activation of platelets at sites of injury, but that under some conditions it can drive occlusive thrombosis, for example, when blood comes into contact with infectious agents or toxins. In this Opinion Article, we discuss mechanisms behind charge-mediated platelet activation and opportunities for designing nanoparticles and related agents such as dendrimers as novel antithrombotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Montague
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Pushpa Patel
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, UK
| | - Eleyna M Martin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alexandre Slater
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lourdes Garcia Quintanilla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gina Perrella
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Departments of Biochemistry and Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Kardeby
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Magdolna Nagy
- Departments of Biochemistry and Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Diego Mezzano
- Laboratorio de Trombosis y Hemostasia, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula M Mendes
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, UK
| | - Steve P Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, UK
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9
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Page MJ, Pretorius E. Platelet Behavior Contributes to Neuropathologies: A Focus on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease. Semin Thromb Hemost 2021; 48:382-404. [PMID: 34624913 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1733960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The functions of platelets are broad. Platelets function in hemostasis and thrombosis, inflammation and immune responses, vascular regulation, and host defense against invading pathogens, among others. These actions are achieved through the release of a wide set of coagulative, vascular, inflammatory, and other factors as well as diverse cell surface receptors involved in the same activities. As active participants in these physiological processes, platelets become involved in signaling pathways and pathological reactions that contribute to diseases that are defined by inflammation (including by pathogen-derived stimuli), vascular dysfunction, and coagulation. These diseases include Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, the two most common neurodegenerative diseases. Despite their unique pathological and clinical features, significant shared pathological processes exist between these two conditions, particularly relating to a central inflammatory mechanism involving both neuroinflammation and inflammation in the systemic environment, but also neurovascular dysfunction and coagulopathy, processes which also share initiation factors and receptors. This triad of dysfunction-(neuro)inflammation, neurovascular dysfunction, and hypercoagulation-illustrates the important roles platelets play in neuropathology. Although some mechanisms are understudied in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, a strong case can be made for the relevance of platelets in neurodegeneration-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Page
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, South Africa
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, South Africa
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10
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Ferrer-Raventós P, Beyer K. Alternative platelet activation pathways and their role in neurodegenerative diseases. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 159:105512. [PMID: 34537329 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW The study of platelets in the context of neurodegenerative diseases is intensifying, and increasing evidence suggests that platelets may play an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of platelets and their diverse activation pathways in the development of these diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Platelets participate in synaptic plasticity, learning, memory, and platelets activated by exercise promote neuronal differentiation in several brain regions. Platelets also contribute to the immune response by modulating their surface protein profile and releasing pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. In Alzheimer's disease, increased levels of platelet amyloid precursor protein raise the production of amyloid-beta peptides promoting platelet activation, triggering at the same time amyloid-beta fibrillation. In Parkinson's disease, increased platelet α-synuclein is associated with elevated ROS production and mitochondrial dysfunction. SUMMARY In this review, we revise different platelet activation pathways, those classically involved in hemostasis and wound healing, and alternative activation pathways recently described in the context of neurodegenerative diseases, especially in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ferrer-Raventós
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Katrin Beyer
- Department of Pathology, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
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11
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Donner L, Feige T, Freiburg C, Toska LM, Reichert AS, Chatterjee M, Elvers M. Impact of Amyloid-β on Platelet Mitochondrial Function and Platelet-Mediated Amyloid Aggregation in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9633. [PMID: 34502546 PMCID: PMC8431787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by an accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides in the brain and mitochondrial dysfunction. Platelet activation is enhanced in AD and platelets contribute to AD pathology by their ability to facilitate soluble Aβ to form Aβ aggregates. Thus, anti-platelet therapy reduces the formation of cerebral amyloid angiopathy in AD transgenic mice. Platelet mitochondrial dysfunction plays a regulatory role in thrombotic response, but its significance in AD is unknown and explored herein. METHODS The effects of Aβ-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in platelets were investigated in vitro. RESULTS Aβ40 stimulation of human platelets led to elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide production, while reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and oxygen consumption rate. Enhanced mitochondrial dysfunction triggered platelet-mediated Aβ40 aggregate formation through GPVI-mediated ROS production, leading to enhanced integrin αIIbβ3 activation during synergistic stimulation from ADP and Aβ40. Aβ40 aggregate formation of human and murine (APP23) platelets were comparable to controls and could be reduced by the antioxidant vitamin C. CONCLUSIONS Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to platelet-mediated Aβ aggregate formation and might be a promising target to limit platelet activation exaggerated pathological manifestations in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Donner
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Experimental Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (T.F.); (C.F.); (L.M.T.)
| | - Tobias Feige
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Experimental Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (T.F.); (C.F.); (L.M.T.)
| | - Carolin Freiburg
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Experimental Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (T.F.); (C.F.); (L.M.T.)
| | - Laura Mara Toska
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Experimental Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (T.F.); (C.F.); (L.M.T.)
| | - Andreas S. Reichert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Madhumita Chatterjee
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Medizinische Klinik III, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Margitta Elvers
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Experimental Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (T.F.); (C.F.); (L.M.T.)
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12
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Aslan JE. Platelet Proteomes, Pathways, and Phenotypes as Informants of Vascular Wellness and Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:999-1011. [PMID: 33441027 PMCID: PMC7980774 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Platelets rapidly undergo responsive transitions in form and function to repair vascular endothelium and mediate hemostasis. In contrast, heterogeneous platelet subpopulations with a range of primed or refractory phenotypes gradually arise in chronic inflammatory and other conditions in a manner that may indicate or support disease. Qualitatively distinguishable platelet phenotypes are increasingly associated with a variety of physiological and pathological circumstances; however, the origins and significance of platelet phenotypic variation remain unclear and conceptually vague. As changes in platelet function in disease exhibit many similarities to platelets following the activation of platelet agonist receptors, the intracellular responses of platelets common to hemostasis and inflammation may provide insights to the molecular basis of platelet phenotype. Here, we review concepts around how protein-level relations-from platelet receptors through intracellular signaling events-may help to define platelet phenotypes in inflammation, immune responses, aging, and other conditions. We further discuss how representing systems-wide platelet proteomics data profiles as circuit-like networks of causally related intracellular events, or, pathway maps, may inform molecular definitions of platelet phenotype. In addition to offering insights into platelets as druggable targets, maps of causally arranged intracellular relations underlying platelet function can also advance precision and interceptive medicine efforts by leveraging platelets as accessible, dynamic, endogenous, circulating biomarkers of vascular wellness and disease. Graphic Abstract: A graphic abstract is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E. Aslan
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry and School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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13
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Harbi MH, Smith CW, Nicolson PLR, Watson SP, Thomas MR. Novel antiplatelet strategies targeting GPVI, CLEC-2 and tyrosine kinases. Platelets 2020; 32:29-41. [PMID: 33307909 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1849600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antiplatelet medications comprise the cornerstone of treatment for diseases that involve arterial thrombosis, including acute coronary syndromes (ACS), stroke and peripheral arterial disease. However, antiplatelet medications may cause bleeding and, furthermore, thrombotic events may still recur despite treatment. The interaction of collagen with GPVI receptors on the surface of platelets has been identified as one of the major players in the pathophysiology of arterial thrombosis that occurs following atherosclerotic plaque rupture. Promisingly, GPVI deficiency in humans appears to have a minimal impact on bleeding. These findings together suggest that targeting platelet GPVI may provide a novel treatment strategy that provides additional antithrombotic efficacy with minimal disruption of normal hemostasis compared to conventional antiplatelet medications. CLEC-2 is gaining interest as a therapeutic target for a variety of thrombo-inflammatory disorders including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) with treatment also predicted to cause minimal disruption to hemostasis. GPVI and CLEC-2 signal through Src, Syk and Tec family tyrosine kinases, providing additional strategies for inhibiting both receptors. In this review, we summarize the evidence regarding GPVI and CLEC-2 and strategies for inhibiting these receptors to inhibit platelet recruitment and activation in thrombotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maan H Harbi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, UK
| | - Christopher W Smith
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, UK
| | - Phillip L R Nicolson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, UK.,University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust , Birmingham, UK
| | - Steve P Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, UK
| | - Mark R Thomas
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, UK.,University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust , Birmingham, UK.,Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust , Birmingham, UK
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Molecular Drivers of Platelet Activation: Unraveling Novel Targets for Anti-Thrombotic and Anti-Thrombo-Inflammatory Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217906. [PMID: 33114406 PMCID: PMC7662962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally-partly a consequence of increased population size and ageing-and are major contributors to reduced quality of life. Platelets play a major role in hemostasis and thrombosis. While platelet activation and aggregation are essential for hemostasis at sites of vascular injury, uncontrolled platelet activation leads to pathological thrombus formation and provokes thrombosis leading to myocardial infarction or stroke. Platelet activation and thrombus formation is a multistage process with different signaling pathways involved to trigger platelet shape change, integrin activation, stable platelet adhesion, aggregation, and degranulation. Apart from thrombotic events, thrombo-inflammation contributes to organ damage and dysfunction in CVDs and is mediated by platelets and inflammatory cells. Therefore, in the past, many efforts have been made to investigate specific signaling pathways in platelets to identify innovative and promising approaches for novel antithrombotic and anti-thrombo-inflammatory strategies that do not interfere with hemostasis. In this review, we focus on some of the most recent data reported on different platelet receptors, including GPIb-vWF interactions, GPVI activation, platelet chemokine receptors, regulation of integrin signaling, and channel homeostasis of NMDAR and PANX1.
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