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Shah N, Iyer V, Zhang Z, Gao Z, Park J, Yelleswarapu V, Aflatouni F, Charlie Johnson AT, Issadore D. Highly stable integration of graphene Hall sensors on a microfluidic platform for magnetic sensing in whole blood. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2023; 9:71. [PMID: 37275264 PMCID: PMC10232500 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00530-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The detection and analysis of rare cells in complex media such as blood is increasingly important in biomedical research and clinical diagnostics. Micro-Hall detectors (μHD) for magnetic detection in blood have previously demonstrated ultrahigh sensitivity to rare cells. This sensitivity originates from the minimal magnetic background in blood, obviating cumbersome and detrimental sample preparation. However, the translation of this technology to clinical applications has been limited by inherently low throughput (<1 mL/h), susceptibility to clogging, and incompatibility with commercial CMOS foundry processing. To help overcome these challenges, we have developed CMOS-compatible graphene Hall sensors for integration with PDMS microfluidics for magnetic sensing in blood. We demonstrate that these graphene μHDs can match the performance of the best published μHDs, can be passivated for robust use with whole blood, and can be integrated with microfluidics and sensing electronics for in-flow detection of magnetic beads. We show a proof-of-concept validation of our system on a silicon substrate and detect magnetic agarose beads, as a model for cells, demonstrating promise for future integration in clinical applications with a custom CMOS chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishal Shah
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Vasant Iyer
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Zhaoli Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Juhwan Park
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Venkata Yelleswarapu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Firooz Aflatouni
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - A. T. Charlie Johnson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - David Issadore
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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2
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Li Z, Bao Q, Liu C, Li Y, Yang Y, Liu M. Recent advances in microfluidics-based bioNMR analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1213-1225. [PMID: 36651305 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00876a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been used in a variety of fields due to its powerful analytical capability. To facilitate biochemical NMR (bioNMR) analysis for samples with a limited mass, a number of integrated systems have been developed by coupling microfluidics and NMR. However, there are few review papers that summarize the recent advances in the development of microfluidics-based NMR (μNMR) systems. Herein, we review the advancements in μNMR systems built on high-field commercial instruments and low-field compact platforms. Specifically, μNMR platforms with three types of typical microcoils settled in the high-field NMR instruments will be discussed, followed by summarizing compact NMR systems and their applications in biomedical point-of-care testing. Finally, a conclusion and future prospects in the field of μNMR were given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Qingjia Bao
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Chaoyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Yunhuang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Maili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
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3
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Taylor ML, Giacalone AG, Amrhein KD, Wilson RE, Wang Y, Huang X. Nanomaterials for Molecular Detection and Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:524. [PMID: 36770486 PMCID: PMC9920192 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a novel resource of biomarkers for cancer and certain other diseases. Probing EVs in body fluids has become of major interest in the past decade in the development of a new-generation liquid biopsy for cancer diagnosis and monitoring. However, sensitive and specific molecular detection and analysis are challenging, due to the small size of EVs, low amount of antigens on individual EVs, and the complex biofluid matrix. Nanomaterials have been widely used in the technological development of protein and nucleic acid-based EV detection and analysis, owing to the unique structure and functional properties of materials at the nanometer scale. In this review, we summarize various nanomaterial-based analytical technologies for molecular EV detection and analysis. We discuss these technologies based on the major types of nanomaterials, including plasmonic, fluorescent, magnetic, organic, carbon-based, and certain other nanostructures. For each type of nanomaterial, functional properties are briefly described, followed by the applications of the nanomaterials for EV biomarker detection, profiling, and analysis in terms of detection mechanisms.
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4
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Isolation, Detection and Analysis of Circulating Tumour Cells: A Nanotechnological Bioscope. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010280. [PMID: 36678908 PMCID: PMC9864919 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the dreaded diseases to which a sizeable proportion of the population succumbs every year. Despite the tremendous growth of the health sector, spanning diagnostics to treatment, early diagnosis is still in its infancy. In this regard, circulating tumour cells (CTCs) have of late grabbed the attention of researchers in the detection of metastasis and there has been a huge surge in the surrounding research activities. Acting as a biomarker, CTCs prove beneficial in a variety of aspects. Nanomaterial-based strategies have been devised to have a tremendous impact on the early and rapid examination of tumor cells. This review provides a panoramic overview of the different nanotechnological methodologies employed along with the pharmaceutical purview of cancer. Initiating from fundamentals, the recent nanotechnological developments toward the detection, isolation, and analysis of CTCs are comprehensively delineated. The review also includes state-of-the-art implementations of nanotechnological advances in the enumeration of CTCs, along with future challenges and recommendations thereof.
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5
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Rahim MK, Zhao J, Patel HV, Lagouros HA, Kota R, Fernandez I, Gratton E, Haun JB. Phasor Analysis of Fluorescence Lifetime Enables Quantitative Multiplexed Molecular Imaging of Three Probes. Anal Chem 2022; 94:14185-14194. [PMID: 36190014 PMCID: PMC10681155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The excited-state lifetime is an intrinsic property of fluorescent molecules that can be leveraged for multiplexed imaging. An advantage of fluorescence lifetime-based multiplexing is that signals from multiple probes can be gathered simultaneously, whereas traditional spectral fluorescence imaging typically requires multiple images at different excitation and emission wavelengths. Additionally, lifetime and spectra could both be utilized to expand the multiplexing capacity of fluorescence. However, resolving exogenous molecular probes based exclusively on the fluorescence lifetime has been limited by technical challenges in analyzing lifetime data. The phasor approach to lifetime analysis offers a simple, graphical solution that has increasingly been used to assess endogenous cellular autofluorescence to quantify metabolic factors. In this study, we employed the phasor analysis of FLIM to quantitatively resolve three exogenous, antibody-targeted fluorescent probes with similar spectral properties based on lifetime information alone. First, we demonstrated that three biomarkers that were spatially restricted to the cell membrane, cytosol, or nucleus could be accurately distinguished using FLIM and phasor analysis. Next, we successfully resolved and quantified three probes that were all targeted to cell surface biomarkers. Finally, we demonstrated that lifetime-based quantitation accuracy can be improved through intensity matching of various probe-biomarker combinations, which will expand the utility of this technique. Importantly, we reconstructed images for each individual probe, as well as an overlay of all three probes, from a single FLIM image. Our results demonstrate that FLIM and phasor analysis can be leveraged as a powerful tool for simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers with high sensitivity and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha K Rahim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jinghui Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Hinesh V Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Hauna A Lagouros
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Rajesh Kota
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Irma Fernandez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Enrico Gratton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jered B Haun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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6
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Iyer V, Yang Z, Ko J, Weissleder R, Issadore D. Advancing microfluidic diagnostic chips into clinical use: a review of current challenges and opportunities. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:3110-3121. [PMID: 35674283 PMCID: PMC9798730 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00024e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic diagnostic (μDX) technologies miniaturize sensors and actuators to the length-scales that are relevant to biology: the micrometer scale to interact with cells and the nanometer scale to interrogate biology's molecular machinery. This miniaturization allows measurements of biomarkers of disease (cells, nanoscale vesicles, molecules) in clinical samples that are not detectable using conventional technologies. There has been steady progress in the field over the last three decades, and a recent burst of activity catalyzed by the COVID-19 pandemic. In this time, an impressive and ever-growing set of technologies have been successfully validated in their ability to measure biomarkers in clinical samples, such as blood and urine, with sensitivity and specificity not possible using conventional tests. Despite our field's many accomplishments to date, very few of these technologies have been successfully commercialized and brought to clinical use where they can fulfill their promise to improve medical care. In this paper, we identify three major technological trends in our field that we believe will allow the next generation of μDx to have a major impact on the practice of medicine, and which present major opportunities for those entering the field from outside disciplines: 1. the combination of next generation, highly multiplexed μDx technologies with machine learning to allow complex patterns of multiple biomarkers to be decoded to inform clinical decision points, for which conventional biomarkers do not necessarily exist. 2. The use of micro/nano devices to overcome the limits of binding affinity in complex backgrounds in both the detection of sparse soluble proteins and nucleic acids in blood and rare circulating extracellular vesicles. 3. A suite of recent technologies that obviate the manual pre-processing and post-processing of samples before they are measured on a μDX chip. Additionally, we discuss economic and regulatory challenges that have stymied μDx translation to the clinic, and highlight strategies for successfully navigating this challenging space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasant Iyer
- Electrical and Systems Engineering Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Zijian Yang
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jina Ko
- Bioengineering Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Issadore
- Electrical and Systems Engineering Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
- Bioengineering Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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7
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Chin LK, Li H, Choi JH, Iwamoto Y, Oh J, Min J, Beak SK, Yoo D, Castro CM, Lee D, Im H. Hydrogel Stamping for Rapid, Multiplexed, Point-of-Care Immunostaining of Cells and Tissues. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:27613-27622. [PMID: 35671240 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the era of precision oncology, multicolor fluorescence imaging has become a core technology for multiplexed molecular analysis of cellular and tissue specimens. However, conventional solution-based staining is labor-intensive and time-consuming and requires considerable expertise to yield optimal results, which creates difficulties for employing this technology in resource-limited settings. Here, we report a new immunostaining method based on hydrogel stamping, which is simple, fast, easy to use, and reproducible. We showed that a hydrophilic hydrogel stamp could effectively transfer fluorescent antibodies to targets and withdraw an excess solution when the reaction is completed, obviating the need for extra washing. This unique property allows for quality immunostaining in 5 min for cells using one-eighth of antibody consumption compared to the conventional solution-based method. Furthermore, we implemented fluorescence quenching and immunocycling with hydrogel staining for multiplexed analysis of 9 protein markers at a single cell level. Finally, we applied the immunocycling method to human breast cancer tissue samples and showed quality immunostaining over a large area (∼2 cm2) in 30 min for molecular subtyping of breast cancer. The hydrogel immunostaining could open new opportunities for rapid, automated, and multiplexed profiling in compact point-of-care systems for molecular cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lip Ket Chin
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 5206, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Huiyan Li
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 5206, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Jae-Hyeok Choi
- Noul Co. Limited, Gyeonggi-do, Yongin 16942, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoshiko Iwamoto
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 5206, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Juhyun Oh
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 5206, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Jouha Min
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 5206, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Suk Kyung Beak
- Noul Co. Limited, Gyeonggi-do, Yongin 16942, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyeon Yoo
- Noul Co. Limited, Gyeonggi-do, Yongin 16942, Republic of Korea
| | - Cesar M Castro
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 5206, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Dongyoung Lee
- Noul Co. Limited, Gyeonggi-do, Yongin 16942, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungsoon Im
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 5206, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
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8
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Andreou C, Weissleder R, Kircher MF. Multiplexed imaging in oncology. Nat Biomed Eng 2022; 6:527-540. [PMID: 35624151 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00891-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In oncology, technologies for clinical molecular imaging are used to diagnose patients, establish the efficacy of treatments and monitor the recurrence of disease. Multiplexed methods increase the number of disease-specific biomarkers that can be detected simultaneously, such as the overexpression of oncogenic proteins, aberrant metabolite uptake and anomalous blood perfusion. The quantitative localization of each biomarker could considerably increase the specificity and the accuracy of technologies for clinical molecular imaging to facilitate granular diagnoses, patient stratification and earlier assessments of the responses to administered therapeutics. In this Review, we discuss established techniques for multiplexed imaging and the most promising emerging multiplexing technologies applied to the imaging of isolated tissues and cells and to non-invasive whole-body imaging. We also highlight advances in radiology that have been made possible by multiplexed imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysafis Andreou
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Center for Molecular Imaging and Nanotechnology (CMINT), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Moritz F Kircher
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Imaging, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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9
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Zhang M, Cui X, Li N. Smartphone-based mobile biosensors for the point-of-care testing of human metabolites. Mater Today Bio 2022; 14:100254. [PMID: 35469257 PMCID: PMC9034388 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid, accurate, portable and quantitative profiling of metabolic biomarkers is of great importance for disease diagnosis and prognosis. The recent development in the optical and electric biosensors based on the smartphone is promising for profiling of metabolites with advantages of rapid, reliability, accuracy, low-cost and multi-analytes analysis capability. In this review, we introduced the optical biosensing platforms including colorimetric, fluorescent and chemiluminescent sensing, and electrochemical biosensing platforms including wired and wireless communication. Challenges and future perspectives desired for reliable, accurate, cost-effective, and multi-functions smartphone-based biosensing systems were also discussed. We envision that such smartphone-based biosensing platforms will allow daily and comprehensive metabolites monitoring in the future, thus unlocking the potential to transform clinical diagnostics into non-clinical self-testing. We also believed that this progress report will encourage future research to develop advanced, integrated and multi-functional smartphone-based Point-of-Care testing (POCT) biosensors for the monitoring and diagnosis as well as personalized treatments of a spectrum of metabolic-disorder related diseases.
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Gungun Lin
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices Faculty of Science University of Technology Sydney Ultimo New South Wales Australia
- ARC Research Hub for Integrated Device for End‐User Analysis at Low Levels Faculty of Science University of Technology Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
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11
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Biedka S, Schmidt BF, Frey NM, Boothman SM, Minden JS, Lucas A. Reversible Click Chemistry Tag for Universal Proteome Sample Preparation for Top-Down and Bottom-Up Analysis. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:4787-4800. [PMID: 34524823 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Successful proteome analysis requires reliable sample preparation beginning with protein solubilization and ending with a sample free of contaminants, ready for downstream analysis. Most proteome sample preparation technologies utilize precipitation or filter-based separation, both of which have significant disadvantages. None of the current technologies are able to prepare both intact proteins or digested peptides. Here, we introduce a reversible protein tag, ProMTag, that enables whole proteome capture, cleanup, and release of intact proteins for top-down analysis. Alternatively, the addition of a novel Trypsin derivative to the workflow generates peptides for bottom-up analysis. We show that the ProMTag workflow yields >90% for intact proteins and >85% for proteome digests. For top-down analysis, ProMTag cleanup improves resolution on 2D gels; for bottom-up exploration, this methodology produced reproducible mass spectrometry results, demonstrating that the ProMTag method is a truly universal approach that produces high-quality proteome samples compatible with multiple downstream analytical techniques. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD027799.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Biedka
- Impact Proteomics, LLC., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15206, United States
| | - Brigitte F Schmidt
- JGS Research Co., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212, United States.,Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Nolan M Frey
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Sarah M Boothman
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jonathan S Minden
- Impact Proteomics, LLC., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15206, United States.,Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Amber Lucas
- Impact Proteomics, LLC., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15206, United States
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12
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Cheng S, Li Y, Yan H, Wen Y, Zhou X, Friedman L, Zeng Y. Advances in microfluidic extracellular vesicle analysis for cancer diagnostics. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:3219-3243. [PMID: 34352059 PMCID: PMC8387453 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00443c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by cells into the bloodstream and other bodily fluids, including exosomes, have been demonstrated to be a class of significant messengers that mediate intercellular communications. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles are enriched in a selective set of biomolecules from original cells, including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, and thus offer a new perspective of liquid biopsy for cancer diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. Owing to the heterogeneity of their biogenesis, physical properties, and molecular constituents, isolation and molecular characterization of EVs remain highly challenging. Microfluidics provides a disruptive platform for EV isolation and analysis owing to its inherent advantages to promote the development of new molecular and cellular sensing systems with improved sensitivity, specificity, spatial and temporal resolution, and throughput. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art advances in the development of microfluidic principles and devices for EV isolation and biophysical or biochemical characterization, in comparison to the conventional counterparts. We will also survey the progress in adapting the new microfluidic techniques to assess the emerging EV-associated biomarkers, mostly focused on proteins and nucleic acids, for clinical diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. Lastly, we will discuss the current challenges in the field of EV research and our outlook on future development of enabling microfluidic platforms for EV-based liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibo Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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13
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Yue X, Sun J, Yang T, Dong Q, Li T, Ding S, Liang X, Feng K, Gao X, Yang M, Huang G, Zhang J. Rapid detection of Salmonella in milk by a nuclear magnetic resonance biosensor based on the streptavidin-biotin system and O-carboxymethyl chitosan target gadolinium probe. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:11486-11498. [PMID: 34454766 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and sensitive detection of foodborne pathogens is of great importance for food safety. Here, a set of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) biosensors based on a O-carboxymethyl chitosan target gadolinium (Gd) probe was developed to quickly detect Salmonella in milk by combining NMR technology and bioimmunotechnology with membrane filtration technology. First, O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMC) was biotinylated to prepare biotinylated O-carboxymethyl chitosan (biotin-O-CMC) through amide reaction, and biotinylated magnetic complexes (biotin-O-CMC-Gd) were obtained by using O-CMC, which has strong chelating adsorption on Gd. The target probe was obtained by combining biotin-O-CMC-Gd with the biotinylated antibody (biotin-antibody) via streptavidin (SA) by introducing the SA-biotin system. Then, Salmonella was captured by the target probe through antigen-antibody interaction. Finally, NMR was used to measure the longitudinal relaxation time (T1) of the filtrate collected by membrane filtration. This NMR biosensor with good specificity and high efficiency can detect Salmonella with the sensitivity of 1.8 × 103 cfu/mL within 2 h; in addition, it can realize the detection of complex samples because of its strong anti-interference capability and may open up a new method for rapid detection of Salmonella, which has a great application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglin Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Junru Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Tan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Qiuling Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Shuangyan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xuehua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Kaiwen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xiaoyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Mingqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Ganhui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jinsheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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14
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Idiago-López J, Moreno-Antolín E, de la Fuente JM, Fratila RM. Nanoparticles and bioorthogonal chemistry joining forces for improved biomedical applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:1261-1292. [PMID: 36132873 PMCID: PMC9419263 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00873g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal chemistry comprises chemical reactions that can take place inside complex biological environments, providing outstanding tools for the investigation and elucidation of biological processes. Its use in combination with nanotechnology can lead to further developments in diverse areas of biomedicine, such as molecular bioimaging, targeted delivery, in situ drug activation, study of cell-nanomaterial interactions, biosensing, etc. Here, we summarise the recent efforts to bring together the unique properties of nanoparticles and the remarkable features of bioorthogonal reactions to create a toolbox of new or improved biomedical applications. We show how, by joining forces, bioorthogonal chemistry and nanotechnology can overcome some of the key current limitations in the field of nanomedicine, providing better, faster and more sensitive nanoparticle-based bioimaging and biosensing techniques, as well as therapeutic nanoplatforms with superior efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Idiago-López
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza 50009 Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) Spain
| | - Eduardo Moreno-Antolín
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza 50009 Spain
| | - Jesús M de la Fuente
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza 50009 Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) Spain
| | - Raluca M Fratila
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza 50009 Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) Spain
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15
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FEAST of biosensors: Food, environmental and agricultural sensing technologies (FEAST) in North America. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 178:113011. [PMID: 33517232 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We review the challenges and opportunities for biosensor research in North America aimed to accelerate translational research. We call for platform approaches based on: i) tools that can support interoperability between food, environment and agriculture, ii) open-source tools for analytics, iii) algorithms used for data and information arbitrage, and iv) use-inspired sensor design. We summarize select mobile devices and phone-based biosensors that couple analytical systems with biosensors for improving decision support. Over 100 biosensors developed by labs in North America were analyzed, including lab-based and portable devices. The results of this literature review show that nearly one quarter of the manuscripts focused on fundamental platform development or material characterization. Among the biosensors analyzed for food (post-harvest) or environmental applications, most devices were based on optical transduction (whether a lab assay or portable device). Most biosensors for agricultural applications were based on electrochemical transduction and few utilized a mobile platform. Presently, the FEAST of biosensors has produced a wealth of opportunity but faces a famine of actionable information without a platform for analytics.
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16
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Peng WK, Chen L, Boehm BO, Han J, Loh TP. Molecular phenotyping of oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus with point-of-care NMR system. NPJ Aging Mech Dis 2020; 6:11. [PMID: 33083002 PMCID: PMC7536436 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-020-00049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the fastest-growing health burdens globally. Oxidative stress, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes complication (e.g., cardiovascular event), remains poorly understood. We report a new approach to rapidly manipulate and evaluate the redox states of blood using a point-of-care NMR system. Various redox states of the hemoglobin were mapped out using the newly proposed (pseudo) two-dimensional map known as T1-T2 magnetic state diagram. We exploit the fact that oxidative stress changes the subtle molecular motion of water proton in the blood, and thus inducing a measurable shift in magnetic resonance relaxation properties. We demonstrated the clinical utilities of this technique to rapidly stratify diabetes subjects based on their oxidative status in conjunction to the traditional glycemic level to improve the patient stratification and thus the overall outcome of clinical diabetes care and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weng Kung Peng
- Precision Medicine–Engineering Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
- BioSystems & Micromechanics IRG (BioSyM), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lan Chen
- BioSystems & Micromechanics IRG (BioSyM), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bernhard O. Boehm
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Ulm University Medical Centre, Department of Internal Medicine 1, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jongyoon Han
- BioSystems & Micromechanics IRG (BioSyM), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 36-841, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 36-841, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Tze Ping Loh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074 Singapore
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17
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Molinski J, Tadimety A, Burklund A, Zhang JXJ. Scalable Signature-Based Molecular Diagnostics Through On-chip Biomarker Profiling Coupled with Machine Learning. Ann Biomed Eng 2020; 48:2377-2399. [PMID: 32816167 PMCID: PMC7785517 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-020-02593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular diagnostics have traditionally relied on discrete biological substances as diagnostic markers. In recent years however, advances in on-chip biomarker screening technologies and data analytics have enabled signature-based diagnostics. Such diagnostics aim to utilize unique combinations of multiple biomarkers or diagnostic 'fingerprints' rather than discrete analyte measurements. This approach has shown to improve both diagnostic accuracy and diagnostic specificity. In this review, signature-based diagnostics enabled by microfluidic and micro-/nano- technologies will be reviewed with a focus on device design and data analysis pipelines and methodologies. With increasing amounts of data available from microfluidic biomarker screening, isolation, and detection platforms, advanced data handling and analytics approaches can be employed. Thus, current data analysis approaches including machine learning and recent advances with image processing, along with potential future directions will be explored. Lastly, the needs and gaps in current literature will be elucidated to inform future efforts towards development of molecular diagnostics and biomarker screening technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Molinski
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Amogha Tadimety
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Alison Burklund
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - John X J Zhang
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA.
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18
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Peng WK, Ng TT, Loh TP. Machine learning assistive rapid, label-free molecular phenotyping of blood with two-dimensional NMR correlational spectroscopy. Commun Biol 2020; 3:535. [PMID: 32985608 PMCID: PMC7522972 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01262-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Translation of the findings in basic science and clinical research into routine practice is hampered by large variations in human phenotype. Developments in genotyping and phenotyping, such as proteomics and lipidomics, are beginning to address these limitations. In this work, we developed a new methodology for rapid, label-free molecular phenotyping of biological fluids (e.g., blood) by exploiting the recent advances in fast and highly efficient multidimensional inverse Laplace decomposition technique. We demonstrated that using two-dimensional T1-T2 correlational spectroscopy on a single drop of blood (<5 μL), a highly time- and patient-specific 'molecular fingerprint' can be obtained in minutes. Machine learning techniques were introduced to transform the NMR correlational map into user-friendly information for point-of-care disease diagnostic and monitoring. The clinical utilities of this technique were demonstrated through the direct analysis of human whole blood in various physiological (e.g., oxygenated/deoxygenated states) and pathological (e.g., blood oxidation, hemoglobinopathies) conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weng Kung Peng
- Precision Medicine - Engineering Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715 330, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Tian-Tsong Ng
- Institute for Infocomm Research, Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tze Ping Loh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
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19
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Min J, Chin LK, Oh J, Landeros C, Vinegoni C, Lee J, Lee SJ, Park JY, Liu AQ, Castro CM, Lee H, Im H, Weissleder R. CytoPAN-Portable cellular analyses for rapid point-of-care cancer diagnosis. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:eaaz9746. [PMID: 32759277 PMCID: PMC8217912 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz9746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rapid, automated, point-of-care cellular diagnosis of cancer remains difficult in remote settings due to lack of specialists and medical infrastructure. To address the need for same-day diagnosis, we developed an automated image cytometry system (CytoPAN) that allows rapid breast cancer diagnosis of scant cellular specimens obtained by fine needle aspiration (FNA) of palpable mass lesions. The system is devoid of moving parts for stable operations, harnesses optimized antibody kits for multiplexed analysis, and offers a user-friendly interface with automated analysis for rapid diagnoses. Through extensive optimization and validation using cell lines and mouse models, we established breast cancer diagnosis and receptor subtyping in 1 hour using as few as 50 harvested cells. In a prospective patient cohort study (n = 68), we showed that the diagnostic accuracy was 100% for cancer detection and the receptor subtyping accuracy was 96% for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and 93% for hormonal receptors (ER/PR), two key biomarkers associated with breast cancer. A combination of FNA and CytoPAN offers faster, less invasive cancer diagnoses than the current standard (core biopsy and histopathology). This approach should enable the ability to more rapidly diagnose breast cancer in global and remote settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jouha Min
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lip Ket Chin
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Juhyun Oh
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Christian Landeros
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Claudio Vinegoni
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jeeyeon Lee
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jung Lee
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Young Park
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Ai-Qun Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Cesar M Castro
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hakho Lee
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hyungsoon Im
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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20
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Chen H, Li Y, Zhang Z, Wang S. Immunomagnetic separation of circulating tumor cells with microfluidic chips and their clinical applications. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:041502. [PMID: 32849973 PMCID: PMC7440929 DOI: 10.1063/5.0005373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are tumor cells detached from the original lesion and getting into the blood and lymphatic circulation systems. They potentially establish new tumors in remote areas, namely, metastasis. Isolation of CTCs and following biological molecular analysis facilitate investigating cancer and coming out treatment. Since CTCs carry important information on the primary tumor, they are vital in exploring the mechanism of cancer, metastasis, and diagnosis. However, CTCs are very difficult to separate due to their extreme heterogeneity and rarity in blood. Recently, advanced technologies, such as nanosurfaces, quantum dots, and Raman spectroscopy, have been integrated with microfluidic chips. These achievements enable the next generation isolation technologies and subsequent biological analysis of CTCs. In this review, we summarize CTCs' separation with microfluidic chips based on the principle of immunomagnetic isolation of CTCs. Fundamental insights, clinical applications, and potential future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Chen
- School of Mathematics and Physics of Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China
| | - Yong Li
- School of Mathematics and Physics of Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Shuangshou Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China
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21
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Zhang XJ, Hu LY, Hu Y, Yang XT, Tang YY, Tang YY, Li S, Zhu D. Tumor-Penetrating Hierarchically Structured Nanomarker for Imaging-Guided Urinary Monitoring of Cancer. ACS Sens 2020; 5:1567-1572. [PMID: 32456420 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b02194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The capacity to diagnose cancer with the existing endogenous biomarkers remains limited because biomarkers usually act at the tumor site and are thus challenging to be detected directly from body fluids with high sensitivity and specificity, especially in the early stage of tumorigenesis. Here, we demonstrate an exogenous tumor-penetrating nanomarker composed of fluorescent nanoparticles conjugated with specific fluorescein-labeled peptides. The injectable nanomarkers perform four functions: they penetrate the tumor, target sites of cancer, cleave specific peptides by on-target protease, and drop off the labeled peptide into host urine for fluorescent detection. Sensitive in vivo tracking and monitoring of the cyclic process of the nanomarker was also accomplished. The nanomarker can noninvasively diagnose and monitor tumors with a volume of about 17 mm3 without invasive core biopsies. Enhanced capacity of early point-of-care detection for cancer is accomplished by receptor-dependent specificity of the signal generation in the urine compared with clinically used blood biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Lin Yu Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yue Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Tong Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Ying Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yu Ying Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Su Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Dong Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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22
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Farzin A, Etesami SA, Quint J, Memic A, Tamayol A. Magnetic Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901058. [PMID: 32196144 PMCID: PMC7482193 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There is urgency for the development of nanomaterials that can meet emerging biomedical needs. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) offer high magnetic moments and surface-area-to-volume ratios that make them attractive for hyperthermia therapy of cancer and targeted drug delivery. Additionally, they can function as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and can improve the sensitivity of biosensors and diagnostic tools. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have resulted in the realization of the next generation of MNPs suitable for these and other biomedical applications. This review discusses methods utilized for the fabrication and engineering of MNPs. Recent progress in the use of MNPs for hyperthermia therapy, controlling drug release, MRI, and biosensing is also critically reviewed. Finally, challenges in the field and potential opportunities for the use of MNPs toward improving their properties are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Farzin
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA
| | - S. Alireza Etesami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Memphis. Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Jacob Quint
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Adnan Memic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
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23
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Guo J, Jiang D, Feng S, Ren C, Guo J. µ‐NMR at the point of care testing. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:319-327. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiuchuan Guo
- School of Information and Communication EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Di Jiang
- School of Information and Communication EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Shilun Feng
- School of EEENanyang Technological University Singapore
| | - Chunhui Ren
- School of Information and Communication EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Jinhong Guo
- School of Information and Communication EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu P. R. China
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24
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Harisinghani MG, O’Shea A, Weissleder R. Advances in clinical MRI technology. Sci Transl Med 2019; 11:11/523/eaba2591. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aba2591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Advances in MRI technologies have the potential to detect, characterize, and monitor a wide variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh G. Harisinghani
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Aileen O’Shea
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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25
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Lunov O, Uzhytchak M, Smolková B, Lunova M, Jirsa M, Dempsey NM, Dias AL, Bonfim M, Hof M, Jurkiewicz P, Petrenko Y, Kubinová Š, Dejneka A. Remote Actuation of Apoptosis in Liver Cancer Cells via Magneto-Mechanical Modulation of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121873. [PMID: 31779223 PMCID: PMC6966689 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosome-activated apoptosis represents an alternative method of overcoming tumor resistance compared to traditional forms of treatment. Pulsed magnetic fields open a new avenue for controlled and targeted initiation of lysosomal permeabilization in cancer cells via mechanical actuation of magnetic nanomaterials. In this study we used a noninvasive tool; namely, a benchtop pulsed magnetic system, which enabled remote activation of apoptosis in liver cancer cells. The magnetic system we designed represents a platform that can be used in a wide range of biomedical applications. We show that liver cancer cells can be loaded with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). SPIONs retained in lysosomal compartments can be effectively actuated with a high intensity (up to 8 T), short pulse width (~15 µs), pulsed magnetic field (PMF), resulting in lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) in cancer cells. We revealed that SPION-loaded lysosomes undergo LMP by assessing an increase in the cytosolic activity of the lysosomal cathepsin B. The extent of cell death induced by LMP correlated with the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in cells. LMP was achieved for estimated forces of 700 pN and higher. Furthermore, we validated our approach on a three-dimensional cellular culture model to be able to mimic in vivo conditions. Overall, our results show that PMF treatment of SPION-loaded lysosomes can be utilized as a noninvasive tool to remotely induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Lunov
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.U.); (B.S.); (M.L.); (Š.K.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +42-026-6052-131
| | - Mariia Uzhytchak
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.U.); (B.S.); (M.L.); (Š.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Barbora Smolková
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.U.); (B.S.); (M.L.); (Š.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Mariia Lunova
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.U.); (B.S.); (M.L.); (Š.K.); (A.D.)
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Medicine (IKEM), 14021 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Milan Jirsa
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Medicine (IKEM), 14021 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Nora M. Dempsey
- Institut Néel, Grenoble INP, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France; (N.M.D.); (A.L.D.)
| | - André L. Dias
- Institut Néel, Grenoble INP, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France; (N.M.D.); (A.L.D.)
| | - Marlio Bonfim
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, DELT, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil;
| | - Martin Hof
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (P.J.)
| | - Piotr Jurkiewicz
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (P.J.)
| | - Yuri Petrenko
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Šárka Kubinová
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.U.); (B.S.); (M.L.); (Š.K.); (A.D.)
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Alexandr Dejneka
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.U.); (B.S.); (M.L.); (Š.K.); (A.D.)
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26
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Cruz A, Peng WK. Perspective: Cellular and Molecular Profiling Technologies in Personalized Oncology. J Pers Med 2019; 9:E44. [PMID: 31547284 PMCID: PMC6789676 DOI: 10.3390/jpm9030044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and therefore one of the most important public health concerns. In this contribution, we discuss recent key enabling technological innovations (and their challenges), including biomarker-based technologies, that potentially allow for decentralization (e.g., self-monitoring) with the increasing availability of point-of-care technologies in the near future. These technological innovations are moving the field one step closer toward personalized oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cruz
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Weng Kung Peng
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal.
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Samiei Foroushani M, Niroumand N, Karimi Shervedani R, Yaghoobi F, Kefayat A, Torabi M. A theranostic system based on nanocomposites of manganese oxide nanoparticles and a pH sensitive polymer: Preparation, and physicochemical characterization. Bioelectrochemistry 2019; 130:107347. [PMID: 31437809 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.107347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A multifunctional nanocomposite theranostic system is constructed of manganese oxide (Mn3O4) nanoparticles (NPs), as a tumor diagnostic agent, in conjunction with polyacrylic acid (PAA), as a pH-sensitive drug delivery agent, and methotrexate (MTX), as a model of targeting agent and anticancer drug. Physicochemical characteristics of the Mn3O4@PAA/MTX system is studied in detail by several techniques, including X-ray and Auger photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and electrochemical methods. The system performance is studied based on (i) in-vitro MRI measurements to support efficiency of the Mn3O4@PAA NPs as a diagnostic agent, (ii) drug release performance of the Mn3O4@PAA/MTX NPs at pHs of 5.4 and 7.4 through in-vitro method to evaluate application of the NPs as pH-sensitive nanocarriers for MTX, and (iii) impedance spectroscopy measurements to show Mn3O4@PAA/MTX NPs affinity for capturing of cancer cells. The results show that (i) Mn3O4@PAA NPs can be used as a contrast agent in MRI measurements (r1 ≅ 6.5 mM-1 s-1), (ii) the MTX, loaded on Mn3O4@PAA NPs, is released faster and more efficient at pH 5.4 than 7.4, and (iii) the GC-Mn3O4@PAA/MTX electrode system captures the 4T1 cells 3.32 times larger than L929 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nazanin Niroumand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Yaghoobi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Kefayat
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Prevention Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Mostafa Torabi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
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28
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Peng WK, Paesani D. Omics Meeting Onics: Towards the Next Generation of Spectroscopic-Based Technologies in Personalized Medicine. J Pers Med 2019; 9:E39. [PMID: 31374867 PMCID: PMC6789736 DOI: 10.3390/jpm9030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This article aims to discuss the recent development of integrated point-of-care spectroscopic-based technologies that are paving the way for the next generation of diagnostic monitoring technologies in personalized medicine. Focusing on the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technologies as the leading example, we discuss the emergence of -onics technologies (e.g., photonics and electronics) and how their coexistence with -omics technologies (e.g., genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) can potentially change the future technological landscape of personalized medicine. The idea of an open-source (e.g., hardware and software) movement is discussed, and we argue that technology democratization will not only promote the dissemination of knowledge and inspire new applications, but it will also increase the speed of field implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weng Kung Peng
- Precision Medicine-Engineering Group, Department of Nanoelectronics Engineering, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Daniele Paesani
- Precision Medicine-Engineering Group, Department of Nanoelectronics Engineering, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
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29
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A novel approach for assessment of prostate cancer aggressiveness using survivin-driven tumour-activatable minicircles. Gene Ther 2019; 26:177-186. [PMID: 30867586 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-019-0067-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Early and accurate detection of cancer is essential to optimising patient outcomes. Of particular importance to prostate cancer is the ability to determine the aggressiveness of a primary tumour, which allows for effective management of patient care. In this work, we propose using gene vectors called tumour-activatable minicircles which deliver an exogenously encoded reporter gene into cancer cells, forcing them to produce a unique and sensitive biomarker. These minicircles express a blood reporter protein called secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase mediated by the tumour-specific survivin promoter, which exhibits activity graded to prostate cancer aggressiveness. Together, these components underlie a detection system where levels of blood reporter are indicative of not only the presence, but also the metastatic potential of a tumour. Our goal was to assess the ability of tumour-activatable minicircles to detect and characterise primary prostate lesions. Our minicircles produced reporter levels related to survivin expression across a range of prostate cancer cell lines. When survivin-driven minicircles were administered intratumourally into mice, reporter levels in blood samples were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in mice carrying prostate tumours of high versus low-aggressiveness. Continued development of this gene-based system could provide clinicians with a powerful tool to evaluate prostate cancer aggressiveness using a sensitive and affordable blood assay.
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30
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Herrera V, Hsu SCJ, Rahim MK, Chen C, Nguyen L, Liu WF, Haun JB. Pushing the limits of detection for proteins secreted from single cells using quantum dots. Analyst 2019; 144:980-989. [PMID: 30270391 PMCID: PMC6349524 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01083h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Single cell analysis methods are increasingly being utilized to investigate how individual cells process information and respond to diverse stimuli. Soluble proteins play a critical role in controlling cell populations and tissues, but directly monitoring secretion is technically challenging. Microfabricated well arrays have been developed to assess secretion at the single cell level, but these systems are limited by low detection sensitivity. Semiconductor quantum dots (QD) exhibit remarkably bright and photostable luminescence signal, but to date they have not been evaluated in single cell secretion studies using microfabricated well arrays. Here, we used QDs in a sandwich immunoassay to detect secretion of the soluble cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) from single cells. To enhance detection sensitivity, we employed two different strategies. First, we used a unique single QD imaging approach, which provided a detection threshold (180 attomolar) that was >100-fold lower than previously reported results using QDs. We also amplified QD binding to each captured TNF-α molecule using the bioorthogonal cycloaddition reaction between trans-cyclooctene and tetrazine, which further lowered detection threshold to 60 attomolar. This is 6 orders of magnitude more sensitive than organic fluorophores that have been used for single cell secretion studies, and far surpasses single molecule resolution within sub-picoliter microwells that are used to assess single cell secretion. Finally, single cell secretion studies were performed using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) differentiated and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activated U-937 cells. TNF-α secretion was detected from 3-fold more single cells using the QD-based method in comparison to rhodamine, which was accomplished by extending sensitivity into the range of ∼2 to 10 000 molecules captured per microwell. In future work, we will apply this technique to assess immune cell secretion dynamics under diverse stimuli and disease settings. We will also incorporate multiplexing capabilities to evaluate the secretome at the resolution of single molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Herrera
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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31
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Hakobyan G, Davtyan H, Harutyunyan K, Alexanyan K, Amirkhanyan Y, Gharibyan AL, Asatryan L, Tadevosyan Y. Similarities in Blood Mononuclear Cell Membrane Phospholipid Profiles During Malignancy. Med Sci (Basel) 2018; 6:medsci6040105. [PMID: 30477187 PMCID: PMC6313534 DOI: 10.3390/medsci6040105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipids (PLs), key elements of cellular membranes, are regulated reciprocally with membrane proteins and can act as sensors for alterations in physiological or pathological states of cells including initiation and development of cancer. On the other hand, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) play an important role in antitumor immune response by reacting to cancerous modifications in distant organs. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that tumor initiation and development are reflected in the alteration pattern of the MNC PL component. We analyzed MNC membrane PL fractions in samples from healthy individuals and from patients with diverse types of cancers to reveal possible alterations induced by malignancy. Compared to healthy controls, the cancer samples demonstrated shifts in several membrane PL profiles. In particular, when analyzing cancer data pooled together, there were significantly higher levels in lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine fractions, and significantly lower quantities in phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidic acid fractions in cancer samples compared to controls. The levels of sphingomyelins and diphosphatidylglycerols were relatively unaffected. Most of the differences in PLs were sustained during the analysis of individual cancers such as breast cancer and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Our findings suggest the presence of a common pattern of changes in MNC PLs during malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gohar Hakobyan
- Laboratory of Regulation of Cellular Activity, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, 0014 Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - Hasmik Davtyan
- Laboratory of Regulation of Cellular Activity, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, 0014 Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - Kristine Harutyunyan
- Laboratory of Regulation of Cellular Activity, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, 0014 Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - Knarik Alexanyan
- Center of Oncology after V. Fanarjyan, Ministry of Health RA, 0052 Yerevan, Armenia.
| | | | - Anna L Gharibyan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Liana Asatryan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Yuri Tadevosyan
- Laboratory of Regulation of Cellular Activity, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, 0014 Yerevan, Armenia.
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32
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Giedt RJ, Pathania D, Carlson JCT, McFarland PJ, Del Castillo AF, Juric D, Weissleder R. Single-cell barcode analysis provides a rapid readout of cellular signaling pathways in clinical specimens. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4550. [PMID: 30382095 PMCID: PMC6208406 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Serial tissue sampling has become essential in guiding modern targeted and personalized cancer treatments. An alternative to image guided core biopsies are fine needle aspirates (FNA) that yield cells rather than tissues but are much better tolerated and have lower complication rates. The efficient pathway analysis of such cells in the clinic has been difficult, time consuming and costly. Here we develop an antibody-DNA barcoding approach where harvested cells can be rapidly re-stained through the use of custom designed oligonucleotide-fluorophore conjugates. We show that this approach can be used to interrogate drug-relevant pathways in scant clinical samples. Using the PI3K/PTEN/CDK4/6 pathways in breast cancer as an example, we demonstrate how analysis can be performed in tandem with trial enrollment and can evaluate downstream signaling following therapeutic inhibition. This approach should allow more widespread use of scant single cell material in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy J Giedt
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Divya Pathania
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jonathan C T Carlson
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Philip J McFarland
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | | | - Dejan Juric
- MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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33
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Huber S, Min C, Staat C, Oh J, Castro CM, Haase A, Weissleder R, Gleich B, Lee H. Multichannel digital heteronuclear magnetic resonance biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 126:240-248. [PMID: 30445298 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Low-field, mobile NMR systems are increasingly used across diverse fields, including medical diagnostics, food quality control, and forensics. The throughput and functionality of these systems, however, are limited due to their conventional single-channel detection: one NMR probe exclusively uses an NMR console at any given time. Under this design, multi-channel detection could only be accomplished by either serially accessing individual probes or stacking up multiple copies of NMR electronics; this approach still retains limitations such as long assay times and increased system complexity. Here we present a new scalable architecture, HERMES (hetero-nuclear resonance multichannel electronic system), for versatile, high-throughput NMR analyses. HERMES exploits the concept of software-defined radio by virtualizing NMR electronics in the digital domain. This strategy i) creates multiple NMR consoles without adding extra hardware; ii) acquires signals from multiple NMR channels in parallel; and iii) operates in wide frequency ranges. All of these functions could be realized on-demand in a single compact device. We interfaced HERMES with an array of NMR probes; the combined system simultaneously measured NMR relaxation from multiple samples and resolved spectra of hetero-nuclear spins (1H, 19F, 13C). For potential diagnostic uses, we applied the system to detect dengue fever and molecularly profile cancer cells through multi-channel protein assays. HERMES holds promise as a powerful analytical tool that enables rapid, reconfigurable, and parallel detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Huber
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Munich School of BioEngineering (MSB), Technical University Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Changwook Min
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Christoph Staat
- Munich School of BioEngineering (MSB), Technical University Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Juhyun Oh
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Cesar M Castro
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Axel Haase
- Munich School of BioEngineering (MSB), Technical University Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Bernhard Gleich
- Munich School of BioEngineering (MSB), Technical University Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Hakho Lee
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for NanoMedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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34
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Wireless resonant circuits for the minimally invasive sensing of biophysical processes in magnetic resonance imaging. Nat Biomed Eng 2018; 3:69-78. [PMID: 30932065 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-018-0309-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Biological electromagnetic fields arise throughout all tissue depths and types, and correlate with physiological processes and signalling in organs of the body. Most of the methods for monitoring these fields are either highly invasive or spatially coarse. Here, we show that implantable active coil-based transducers that are detectable via magnetic resonance imaging enable the remote sensing of biological fields. These devices consist of inductively coupled resonant circuits that change their properties in response to electrical or photonic cues, thereby modulating the local magnetic resonance imaging signal without the need for onboard power or wired connectivity. We discuss design parameters relevant to the construction of the transducers on millimetre and submillimetre scales, and demonstrate their in vivo functionality for measuring time-resolved bioluminescence in rodent brains. Biophysical sensing via microcircuits that leverage the capabilities of magnetic resonance imaging may enable a wide range of biological and biomedical applications.
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35
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Nishihara T, Kuno S, Nonaka H, Tabata S, Saito N, Fukuda S, Tomita M, Sando S, Soga T. Beta-galactosidase-responsive synthetic biomarker for targeted tumor detection. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11745-11748. [PMID: 30276401 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06068a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Tumor biomarkers are highly desirable for the screening of patients with a risk of tumor development and progression. Here, we report a beta-galactosidase (β-gal)-responsive acetaminophen (β-GR-APAP) as a synthetic plasma biomarker for targeted tumor detection. Tumor β-gal labeling via the recognition of tumor-related antigen enabled the detection of a tumor using β-GR-APAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Nishihara
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan.
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36
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Nasseri B, Soleimani N, Rabiee N, Kalbasi A, Karimi M, Hamblin MR. Point-of-care microfluidic devices for pathogen detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 117:112-128. [PMID: 29890393 PMCID: PMC6082696 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The rapid diagnosis of pathogens is crucial in the early stages of treatment of diseases where the choice of the correct drug can be critical. Although conventional cell culture-based techniques have been widely utilized in clinical applications, newly introduced optical-based, microfluidic chips are becoming attractive. The advantages of the novel methods compared to the conventional techniques comprise more rapid diagnosis, lower consumption of patient sample and valuable reagents, easy application, and high reproducibility in the detection of pathogens. The miniaturized channels used in microfluidic systems simulate interactions between cells and reagents in microchannel structures, and evaluate the interactions between biological moieties to enable diagnosis of microorganisms. The overarching goal of this review is to provide a summary of the development of microfluidic biochips and to comprehensively discuss different applications of microfluidic biochips in the detection of pathogens. New types of microfluidic systems and novel techniques for viral pathogen detection (e.g. HIV, HVB, ZIKV) are covered. Next generation techniques relying on high sensitivity, specificity, lower consumption of precious reagents, suggest that rapid generation of results can be achieved via optical based detection of bacterial cells. The introduction of smartphones to replace microscope based observation has substantially improved cell detection, and allows facile data processing and transfer for presentation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Nasseri
- Departments of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology and Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran; Chemical Engineering Deptartment and Bioengineeing Division, Hacettepe University, 06800 Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Neda Soleimani
- Departments of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology and Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Kalbasi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Mahdi Karimi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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37
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Min J, Im H, Allen M, McFarland PJ, Degani I, Yu H, Normandin E, Pathania D, Patel J, Castro CM, Weissleder R, Lee H. Computational Optics Enables Breast Cancer Profiling in Point-of-Care Settings. ACS NANO 2018; 12:9081-9090. [PMID: 30113824 PMCID: PMC6519708 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b03029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The global burden of cancer, severe diagnostic bottlenecks in underserved regions, and underfunded health care systems are fueling the need for inexpensive, rapid, and treatment-informative diagnostics. On the basis of advances in computational optics and deep learning, we have developed a low-cost digital system, termed AIDA (artificial intelligence diffraction analysis), for breast cancer diagnosis of fine needle aspirates. Here, we show high accuracy (>90%) in (i) recognizing cells directly from diffraction patterns and (ii) classifying breast cancer types using deep-learning-based analysis of sample aspirates. The image algorithm is fast, enabling cellular analyses at high throughput (∼3 s per 1000 cells), and the unsupervised processing allows use by lower skill health care workers. AIDA can perform quantitative molecular profiling on individual cells, revealing intratumor molecular heterogeneity, and has the potential to improve cancer diagnosis and treatment. The system could be further developed for other cancers and thus find widespread use in global health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jouha Min
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Hyungsoon Im
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Matthew Allen
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | | | - Ismail Degani
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Hojeong Yu
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Erica Normandin
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Divya Pathania
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Jaymin Patel
- BreastCare Center, Division of Hematology Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cesar M. Castro
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Hakho Lee
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
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38
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Blümich B, Rehorn C, Zia W. Magnets for Small-Scale and Portable NMR. MICRO AND NANO SCALE NMR 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527697281.ch1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Blümich
- RWTH Aachen University, Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie; Worringerweg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Christian Rehorn
- RWTH Aachen University, Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie; Worringerweg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Wasif Zia
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Center, University of Nottingham; United Kingdom
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39
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Abstract
Microfluidic biochips hold great potential for liquid analysis in biomedical research and clinical diagnosis. However, the lack of integrated on-chip liquid mixing, bioseparation and signal transduction presents a major challenge in achieving rapid, ultrasensitive bioanalysis in simple microfluidic configurations. Here we report magnetic nanochain integrated microfluidic chip built upon the synergistic functions of the nanochains as nanoscale stir bars for rapid liquid mixing and as capturing agents for specific bioseparation. The use of magnetic nanochains enables a simple planar design of the microchip consisting of flat channels free of common built-in components, such as liquid mixers and surface-anchored sensing elements. The microfluidic assay, using surface-enhanced Raman scattering nanoprobes for signal transduction, allows for streamlined parallel analysis of multiple specimens with greatly improved assay kinetics and delivers ultrasensitive identification and quantification of a panel of cancer protein biomarkers and bacterial species in 1 μl of body fluids within 8 min. Microfluidic platforms are an attractive setup for performing clinical tests but integrated liquid mixing and bioseparation is difficult at small scales. Here Xiong et al. propose magnetic nanochains which can stir the solution and capture agents and thus enable liquid analysis in a short amount of time.
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40
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Oliveira BL, Guo Z, Bernardes GJL. Inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reactions in chemical biology. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:4895-4950. [PMID: 28660957 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00184c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 634] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The emerging inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction stands out from other bioorthogonal reactions by virtue of its unmatchable kinetics, excellent orthogonality and biocompatibility. With the recent discovery of novel dienophiles and optimal tetrazine coupling partners, attention has now been turned to the use of IEDDA approaches in basic biology, imaging and therapeutics. Here we review this bioorthogonal reaction and its promising applications for live cell and animal studies. We first discuss the key factors that contribute to the fast IEDDA kinetics and describe the most recent advances in the synthesis of tetrazine and dienophile coupling partners. Both coupling partners have been incorporated into proteins for tracking and imaging by use of fluorogenic tetrazines that become strongly fluorescent upon reaction. Selected notable examples of such applications are presented. The exceptional fast kinetics of this catalyst-free reaction, even using low concentrations of coupling partners, make it amenable for in vivo radiolabelling using pretargeting methodologies, which are also discussed. Finally, IEDDA reactions have recently found use in bioorthogonal decaging to activate proteins or drugs in gain-of-function strategies. We conclude by showing applications of the IEDDA reaction in the construction of biomaterials that are used for drug delivery and multimodal imaging, among others. The use and utility of the IEDDA reaction is interdisciplinary and promises to revolutionize chemical biology, radiochemistry and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Z Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - G J L Bernardes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK. and Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal.
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Ko J, Baldassano SN, Loh PL, Kording K, Litt B, Issadore D. Machine learning to detect signatures of disease in liquid biopsies - a user's guide. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:395-405. [PMID: 29192299 PMCID: PMC5955608 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00955k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
New technologies that measure sparse molecular biomarkers from easily accessible bodily fluids (e.g. blood, urine, and saliva) are revolutionizing disease diagnostics and precision medicine. Microchip devices can measure more disease biomarkers with better sensitivity and specificity each year, but clinical interpretation of these biomarkers remains a challenge. Single biomarkers in 'liquid biopsy' often cannot accurately predict the state of a disease due to heterogeneity in phenotype and disease expression across individuals. To address this challenge, investigators are combining multiplexed measurements of different biomarkers that together define robust signatures for specific disease states. Machine learning is a useful tool to automatically discover and detect these signatures, especially as new technologies output increasing quantities of molecular data. In this paper, we review the state of the field of machine learning applied to molecular diagnostics and provide practical guidance to use this tool effectively and to avoid common pitfalls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Ko
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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42
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Wong A, Lucas-Torres C. High-resolution Magic-angle Spinning (HR-MAS) NMR Spectroscopy. NMR-BASED METABOLOMICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782627937-00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Since the beginning of high-resolution magic-angle spinning (HR-MAS) NMR spectroscopy in 1990s, we have witnessed tremendous instrumentation and methodological advancements in the HR-MAS NMR technique for semisolids. With HR-MAS, it is now possible to acquire reliable high-quality spectra in a routine and high-throughput fashion, and it has become a well-integrated metabolic screening tool for ex vivo biospecimens such as tissue biopsies, cells and organisms for NMR-based metabolomics research. This chapter provides the basic principles of HR-MAS and describes a few recent noteworthy developments that could strengthen the role of HR-MAS as a frontline NMR technique for metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Wong
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
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43
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Blümich B, Singh K. Desktop NMR and Its Applications From Materials Science To Organic Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 57:6996-7010. [PMID: 29230908 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy is an indispensable method of analysis in chemistry, which until recently suffered from high demands for space, high costs for acquisition and maintenance, and operational complexity. This has changed with the introduction of compact NMR spectrometers suitable for small-molecule analysis on the chemical workbench. These spectrometers contain permanent magnets giving rise to proton NMR frequencies between 40 and 80 MHz. The enabling technology is to make small permanent magnets with homogeneous fields. Tabletop instruments with inhomogeneous fields have been in use for over 40 years for characterizing food and hydrogen-containing materials by relaxation and diffusion measurements. Related NMR instruments measure these parameters in the stray field outside the magnet. They are used to inspect the borehole walls of oil wells and to test objects nondestructively. The state-of-the-art of NMR spectroscopy, imaging and relaxometry with compact instruments is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Blümich
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kawarpal Singh
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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44
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Blümich B, Singh K. NMR mit Tischgeräten und deren Anwendungen von der Materialwissenschaft bis zur organischen Chemie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Blümich
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Deutschland
| | - Kawarpal Singh
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Deutschland
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45
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Qiu X, Westerhof TM, Karunaratne AA, Werner EM, Pourfard PP, Nelson EL, Hui EE, Haun JB. Microfluidic device for rapid digestion of tissues into cellular suspensions. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:3300-3309. [PMID: 28850139 PMCID: PMC5614870 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00575j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The ability to harvest single cells from tissues is currently a bottleneck for cell-based diagnostic technologies, and remains crucial in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Tissues are typically broken down using proteolytic digestion and various mechanical treatments, but success has been limited due to long processing times, low yield, and high manual labor burden. Here, we present a novel microfluidic device that utilizes precision fluid flows to improve the speed and efficiency of tissue digestion. The microfluidic channels were designed to apply hydrodynamic shear forces at discrete locations on tissue specimens up to 1 cm in length and 1 mm in diameter, thereby accelerating digestion through hydrodynamic shear forces and improved enzyme-tissue contact. We show using animal organs that our digestion device with hydro-mincing capabilities was superior to conventional scalpel mincing and digestion based on recovery of DNA and viable single cells. Thus, our microfluidic digestion device can eliminate or reduce the need to mince tissue samples with a scalpel, while reducing sample processing time and preserving cell viability. Another advantage is that downstream microfluidic operations could be integrated to enable advanced cell processing and analysis capabilities. We envision our novel device being used in research and clinical settings to promote single cell-based analysis technologies, as well as to isolate primary, progenitor, and stem cells for use in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Qiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, 3107 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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46
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Su H, Wang Y, Gu Y, Bowman L, Zhao J, Ding M. Potential applications and human biosafety of nanomaterials used in nanomedicine. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 38:3-24. [PMID: 28589558 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of nanotechnology, potential applications of nanomaterials in medicine have been widely researched in recent years. Nanomaterials themselves can be used as image agents or therapeutic drugs, and for drug and gene delivery, biological devices, nanoelectronic biosensors or molecular nanotechnology. As the composition, morphology, chemical properties, implant sites as well as potential applications become more and more complex, human biosafety of nanomaterials for clinical use has become a major concern. If nanoparticles accumulate in the human body or interact with the body molecules or chemical components, health risks may also occur. Accordingly, the unique chemical and physical properties, potential applications in medical fields, as well as human biosafety in clinical trials are reviewed in this study. Finally, this article tries to give some suggestions for future work in nanomedicine research. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Su
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Yafei Wang
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanliang Gu
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Linda Bowman
- Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Jinshun Zhao
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, People's Republic of China.,Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Min Ding
- Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
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47
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Yang KS, Im H, Hong S, Pergolini I, Del Castillo AF, Wang R, Clardy S, Huang CH, Pille C, Ferrone S, Yang R, Castro CM, Lee H, Del Castillo CF, Weissleder R. Multiparametric plasma EV profiling facilitates diagnosis of pancreatic malignancy. Sci Transl Med 2017; 9:eaal3226. [PMID: 28539469 PMCID: PMC5846089 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aal3226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is usually detected late in the disease process. Clinical workup through imaging and tissue biopsies is often complex and expensive due to a paucity of reliable biomarkers. We used an advanced multiplexed plasmonic assay to analyze circulating tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (tEVs) in more than 100 clinical populations. Using EV-based protein marker profiling, we identified a signature of five markers (PDACEV signature) for PDAC detection. In our prospective cohort, the accuracy for the PDACEV signature was 84% [95% confidence interval (CI), 69 to 93%] but only 63 to 72% for single-marker screening. One of the best markers, GPC1 alone, had a sensitivity of 82% (CI, 60 to 95%) and a specificity of 52% (CI, 30 to 74%), whereas the PDACEV signature showed a sensitivity of 86% (CI, 65 to 97%) and a specificity of 81% (CI, 58 to 95%). The PDACEV signature of tEVs offered higher sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy than the existing serum marker (CA 19-9) or single-tEV marker analyses. This approach should improve the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S Yang
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hyungsoon Im
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Seonki Hong
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ilaria Pergolini
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Rui Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Susan Clardy
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Chen-Han Huang
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Craig Pille
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Robert Yang
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Cesar M Castro
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hakho Lee
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Carlos Fernandez Del Castillo
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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48
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Zhou Z, Tian R, Wang Z, Yang Z, Liu Y, Liu G, Wang R, Gao J, Song J, Nie L, Chen X. Artificial local magnetic field inhomogeneity enhances T 2 relaxivity. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15468. [PMID: 28516947 PMCID: PMC5454366 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Clustering of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is perhaps the most effective, yet intriguing strategy to enhance T2 relaxivity in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, the underlying mechanism is still not fully understood and the attempts to generalize the classic outersphere theory from single particles to clusters have been found to be inadequate. Here we show that clustering of MNPs enhances local field inhomogeneity due to reduced field symmetry, which can be further elevated by artificially involving iron oxide NPs with heterogeneous geometries in terms of size and shape. The r2 values of iron oxide clusters and Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert simulations confirmed our hypothesis, indicating that solving magnetic field inhomogeneity may become a powerful way to build correlation between magnetization and T2 relaxivity of MNPs, especially magnetic clusters. This study provides a simple yet distinct mechanism to interpret T2 relaxivity of MNPs, which is crucial to the design of high-performance MRI contrast agents. The signal detected in magnetic resonance imaging comes from the relaxation of proton nuclear magnetization. Here, Zhou et al. introduce magnetic field inhomogeneity as a parameter to design iron oxide nanoparticle clusters to enhance the relaxation rate of nearby protons, thereby increasing image contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics &Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Rui Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics &Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Department of Electronic Science and Fujian Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Yijing Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics &Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ruifang Wang
- Department of Electronic Science and Fujian Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jinhao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jibin Song
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Liming Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics &Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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49
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Karouia F, Peyvan K, Pohorille A. Toward biotechnology in space: High-throughput instruments for in situ biological research beyond Earth. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:905-932. [PMID: 28433608 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Space biotechnology is a nascent field aimed at applying tools of modern biology to advance our goals in space exploration. These advances rely on our ability to exploit in situ high throughput techniques for amplification and sequencing DNA, and measuring levels of RNA transcripts, proteins and metabolites in a cell. These techniques, collectively known as "omics" techniques have already revolutionized terrestrial biology. A number of on-going efforts are aimed at developing instruments to carry out "omics" research in space, in particular on board the International Space Station and small satellites. For space applications these instruments require substantial and creative reengineering that includes automation, miniaturization and ensuring that the device is resistant to conditions in space and works independently of the direction of the gravity vector. Different paths taken to meet these requirements for different "omics" instruments are the subjects of this review. The advantages and disadvantages of these instruments and technological solutions and their level of readiness for deployment in space are discussed. Considering that effects of space environments on terrestrial organisms appear to be global, it is argued that high throughput instruments are essential to advance (1) biomedical and physiological studies to control and reduce space-related stressors on living systems, (2) application of biology to life support and in situ resource utilization, (3) planetary protection, and (4) basic research about the limits on life in space. It is also argued that carrying out measurements in situ provides considerable advantages over the traditional space biology paradigm that relies on post-flight data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathi Karouia
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; NASA Ames Research Center, Exobiology Branch, MS239-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; NASA Ames Research Center, Flight Systems Implementation Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
| | | | - Andrew Pohorille
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; NASA Ames Research Center, Exobiology Branch, MS239-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
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50
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Chen H, Cao B, Sun B, Cao Y, Yang K, Lin YS. Highly-sensitive capture of circulating tumor cells using micro-ellipse filters. Sci Rep 2017; 7:610. [PMID: 28377598 PMCID: PMC5428045 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00232-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) detection, enumeration and characterization with microfluidic chips has critical significance in cancer prognosis offering a non-invasive “liquid biopsy”. Based on physical differences of size and deformability, we explore micro-ellipse filters consisting of microfuidic slits in series gradually narrowed. Slender tunnels sensitively capture tumor cells with slim chance to escape. Tumor cells could reside at capture sites organized by arrays of micro-ellipse microposts enduring less stress. Circular elliptical microstructures produce smooth flow minimally reducing any damage. “Air Suction” could extremely shorten capture. Capture efficiency comes out to be a robust yield of 90% and percentage obeys Gaussian distribution at various stages. With rare number accurately enumerated, micro-Ellipse filters have been tested high efficiently capturing tumor cells in both whole and lysed blood. To clinically validate the device, the microfluidic chip was utilized to identify and capture CTCs from metastatic breast, colon and non-small-cell lung (NSCLC) cancer patients. CTCs were detected positive in all samples with 4 patients having more than 20 CTCs. Those sensitive results are consistent with theoretical expectation. Efficient micro-ellipse filters enable clinical enumeration of metastasis, on-chip anti-cancer drug responses and biological molecular analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Chen
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China. .,Division of Nanobionic Research, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
| | - Baoshan Cao
- Department of chemotherapy and radiation sickness, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yapeng Cao
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Physics Department, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, 01854, USA
| | - Yu-Sheng Lin
- Division of Nanobionic Research, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
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