1
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Zhan L, Edd J, Mishra A, Toner M. Label-Free Microfluidic Apheresis of Circulating Tumor Cell Clusters. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2405853. [PMID: 39199012 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202405853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Screening liters of blood (i.e., apheresis) represents a generalized approach to promote the reliable access to circulating tumor cell clusters (CTCCs), which are known to be highly metastasis-competent, yet ultrarare. However, no existing CTCC sorting technology has demonstrated high throughput, high yield, low shear stress, and minimal blood dilution simultaneously as required in apheresis. Here, a label-free method is introduced termed Precision Apheresis for Non-invasive Debulking of cell Aggregates (PANDA) to continuously isolate CTCCs from undiluted blood to clean buffer through size sorting, processing 1.4 billion cells per second. The cell focusing is optimized within whole blood leveraging secondary transverse flow and margination. The PANDA chip recovers >90% of spiked ≈24 rare HeLa cell clusters from 100 mL undiluted blood samples (equivalent to ≈500 billion blood cells) at 1 L h-1 throughput, with ≤20s device residence time, ≤15 Pa shear stress, and >99.9% return of blood components. The technology lays the groundwork for future routine isolation to increase the recovery of these ultrarare yet clinically significant tumor cell populations from large volumes of blood to advance cancer research, early detection, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhan
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jon Edd
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 12129, USA
| | - Avanish Mishra
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 12129, USA
| | - Mehmet Toner
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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2
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Chen D, Huang Q, Ni Z, Xiang N. Particle focusing mechanisms in λ-DNA solution flowing in a straight microchannel. Electrophoresis 2024; 45:1379-1388. [PMID: 38343171 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Most biological fluids (such as blood, saliva, and lymph) in nature have certain viscoelasticity and are beginning to be used as the carrying fluids for viscoelastic microfluidics. However, the particle-focusing mechanisms in these new biological viscoelastic fluids are still unclear. In this work, the particle-focusing mechanisms in λ-DNA solutions were systematically explored. We first explored the particle focusing dynamics in a square cross-section under varied flow rates to uncover the effects of flow rate on particle focusing. Three focusing stages, from the classic five-position viscoelastic focusing to single-stream focusing and finally to multiplex-stream focusing, were clearly demonstrated. In addition, the particle focusing process along the channel length was demonstrated, and a first-fast-and-then-slow focusing process was clearly observed. Then, the effects of λ-DNA concentrations on particle focusing were explored and compared using the solutions with 0-25 ppm λ-DNA. Finally, we discussed the inferences of blockage ratio on particle focusing by changing the particle diameter and cross-sectional dimensions. Our work may provide a deeper understanding on the particle focusing mechanisms in biological viscoelastic fluids and lays a foundation for the subsequent particle counting and analysis and the development of low-cost portable flow cytometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalin Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Huang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zhonghua Ni
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Nan Xiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
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3
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Jeon H, Perez CR, Kyung T, Birnbaum ME, Han J. Separation of Activated T Cells Using Multidimensional Double Spiral (MDDS) Inertial Microfluidics for High-Efficiency CAR T Cell Manufacturing. Anal Chem 2024; 96:10780-10790. [PMID: 38889002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
This study introduces a T cell enrichment process, capitalizing on the size differences between activated and unactivated T cells to facilitate the isolation of activated, transducible T cells. By employing multidimensional double spiral (MDDS) inertial sorting, our approach aims to remove unactivated or not fully activated T cells post-activation, consequently enhancing the efficiency of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell manufacturing. Our findings reveal that incorporating a simple, label-free, and continuous MDDS sorting step yields a purer T cell population, exhibiting significantly enhanced viability and CAR-transducibility (with up to 85% removal of unactivated T cells and approximately 80% recovery of activated T cells); we found approximately 2-fold increase in CAR transduction efficiency for a specific sample, escalating from ∼10% to ∼20%, but this efficiency highly depends on the original T cell sample as MDDS sorting would be more effective for samples possessing a higher proportion of unactivated T cells. This new cell separation process could augment the efficiency, yield, and cost-effectiveness of CAR T cell manufacturing, potentially broadening the accessibility of this transformative therapy and contributing to improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungkook Jeon
- Department of Manufacturing Systems and Design Engineering (MSDE), Seoul National University of Science and Technology (SEOULTECH), 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Michael E Birnbaum
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-Medicine (CAMP) IRG, 1 CREATE Way, No. 04-13/14 Enterprise Wing, 138602, Singapore
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jongyoon Han
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-Medicine (CAMP) IRG, 1 CREATE Way, No. 04-13/14 Enterprise Wing, 138602, Singapore
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4
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Chen D, Huang Q, Ni Z, Xiang N. Elasto-inertial particle focusing in sinusoidal microfluidic channels. Electrophoresis 2024. [PMID: 38813845 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202400070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Dean flow existing in sinusoidal channels could enhance the throughput and efficiency for elasto-inertial particle focusing. However, the fundamental mechanisms of elasto-inertial focusing in sinusoidal channels are still unclear. This work employs four microfluidic devices with symmetric and asymmetric sinusoidal channels to explore the elasto-inertial focusing mechanisms over a wide range of flow rates. The effects of rheological property, flow rate, sinusoidal channel curvature, particle size, and asymmetric geometry on particle focusing performance are investigated. It is intriguing to find that the Dean flow makes a substantial contribution to the particle elasto-inertial focusing. The results illustrate that a better particle focusing performance and a faster focusing process are obtained in the sinusoidal channel with a small curvature radius due to stronger Dean flow. In addition, the particle focusing performance is also related to particle diameter and rheological properties, the larger particles show a better focusing performance than smaller particles, and the smaller flow rate is required for particles to achieve stable focusing at the outlet in the higher concentration of polyvinylpyrrolidone solutions. Our work offers an increased knowledge of the mechanisms of elasto-inertial focusing in sinusoidal channels. Ultimately, these results provide supportive guidelines into the design and development of sinusoidal elasto-inertial microfluidic devices for high-performance focusing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalin Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Huang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zhonghua Ni
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Nan Xiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
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5
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Qiao Z, Teng X, Liu A, Yang W. Novel Isolating Approaches to Circulating Tumor Cell Enrichment Based on Microfluidics: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:706. [PMID: 38930676 PMCID: PMC11206030 DOI: 10.3390/mi15060706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), derived from the primary tumor and carrying genetic information, contribute significantly to the process of tumor metastasis. The analysis and detection of CTCs can be used to assess the prognosis and treatment response in patients with tumors, as well as to help study the metastatic mechanisms of tumors and the development of new drugs. Since CTCs are very rare in the blood, it is a challenging problem to enrich CTCs efficiently. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of microfluidics-based enrichment devices for CTCs in recent years. We explore in detail the methods of enrichment based on the physical or biological properties of CTCs; among them, physical properties cover factors such as size, density, and dielectric properties, while biological properties are mainly related to tumor-specific markers on the surface of CTCs. In addition, we provide an in-depth description of the methods for enrichment of single CTCs and illustrate the importance of single CTCs for performing tumor analyses. Future research will focus on aspects such as improving the separation efficiency, reducing costs, and increasing the detection sensitivity and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zezheng Qiao
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.Q.); (X.T.)
| | - Xiangyu Teng
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.Q.); (X.T.)
| | - Anqin Liu
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Yantai Institute of Technology, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Wenguang Yang
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.Q.); (X.T.)
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6
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Rotatori S, Zhang Y, Madden-Hennessey K, Mohammed C, Yang CH, Urbani J, Shrestha P, Pettinelli J, Wang D, Liu X, Zhao Q. Live cell pool and rare cell isolation using Enrich TROVO system. N Biotechnol 2024; 80:12-20. [PMID: 38176452 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2023.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Although several technologies have been developed to isolate cells of interest from a heterogenous sample, clogging and impaired cell viability limit such isolation. We have developed the Enrich TROVO system as a novel, nonfluidic technology to sort live cells. The TROVO system combines imaging-based cell selection and photo-crosslinking of (gelatin methacrylate) gelMA-hydrogel to capture cells. After capture, cells are released by enzymatic digestion of the hydrogel and then retrieved for downstream analysis or further cell culturing. The system can capture cells with a recovery rate of 48% while maintaining 90% viability. Moreover, TROVO can enrich rare cells 506-fold with 93% efficiency using single step isolation from a 1:104 cell mixture, and can also capture one target cell from 1 million cells, reaching an enrichment ratio of 9128. In addition, 100% purity and 49% recovery rate can be achieved by a following negative isolation process. Compared to existing technologies, the TROVO system is clog-resistant, highly biocompatible, and can process a wide range of sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Rotatori
- Enrich Biosystems Inc., 21 Business Park Drive. STE. 4, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Yichong Zhang
- Enrich Biosystems Inc., 21 Business Park Drive. STE. 4, Branford, CT 06405, USA.
| | | | - Christina Mohammed
- Enrich Biosystems Inc., 21 Business Park Drive. STE. 4, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Chi-Han Yang
- Enrich Biosystems Inc., 21 Business Park Drive. STE. 4, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Jordan Urbani
- Enrich Biosystems Inc., 21 Business Park Drive. STE. 4, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Prem Shrestha
- Enrich Biosystems Inc., 21 Business Park Drive. STE. 4, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Joseph Pettinelli
- Enrich Biosystems Inc., 21 Business Park Drive. STE. 4, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Dong Wang
- Enrich Biosystems Inc., 21 Business Park Drive. STE. 4, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Xueqi Liu
- Enrich Biosystems Inc., 21 Business Park Drive. STE. 4, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Qi Zhao
- Enrich Biosystems Inc., 21 Business Park Drive. STE. 4, Branford, CT 06405, USA.
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7
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Amontree J, Chen K, Varillas J, Fan ZH. A Capillary-Force-Driven, Single-Cell Transfer Method for Studying Rare Cells. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:542. [PMID: 38927778 PMCID: PMC11200440 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11060542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The characterization of individual cells within heterogeneous populations (e.g., rare tumor cells in healthy blood cells) has a great impact on biomedical research. To investigate the properties of these specific cells, such as genetic biomarkers and/or phenotypic characteristics, methods are often developed for isolating rare cells among a large number of background cells before studying their genetic makeup and others. Prior to using real-world samples, these methods are often evaluated and validated by spiking cells of interest (e.g., tumor cells) into a sample matrix (e.g., healthy blood) as model samples. However, spiking tumor cells at extremely low concentrations is challenging in a standard laboratory setting. People often circumvent the problem by diluting a solution of high-concentration cells, but the concentration becomes inaccurate after series dilution due to the fact that a cell suspension solution can be inhomogeneous, especially when the cell concentration is very low. We report on an alternative method for low-cost, accurate, and reproducible low-concentration cell spiking without the use of external pumping systems. By inducing a capillary force from sudden pressure drops, a small portion of the cellular membrane was aspirated into the reservoir tip, allowing for non-destructive single-cell transfer. We investigated the surface membrane tensions induced by cellular aspiration and studied a range of tip/tumor cell diameter combinations, ensuring that our method does not affect cell viability. In addition, we performed single-cell capture and transfer control experiments using human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells (CCRF-CEM) to develop calibrated data for the general production of low-concentration samples. Finally, we performed affinity-based tumor cell isolation using this method to generate accurate concentrations ranging from 1 to 15 cells/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Amontree
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group (IMG), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Kangfu Chen
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group (IMG), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jose Varillas
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Z. Hugh Fan
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group (IMG), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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8
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Hassanzadeh-Barforoushi A, Tukova A, Nadalini A, Inglis DW, Chang-Hao Tsao S, Wang Y. Microfluidic-SERS Technologies for CTC: A Perspective on Clinical Translation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38652011 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Enumeration and phenotypic profiling of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) provide critical information for clinical diagnosis and treatment monitoring in cancer. To achieve this goal, an integrated system is needed to efficiently isolate CTCs from patient samples and sensitively evaluate their phenotypes. Such integration would comprise a high-throughput single-cell processing unit for the isolation and manipulation of CTCs and a sensitive and multiplexed quantitation unit to detect clinically relevant signals from these cells. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been used as an analytical method for molecular profiling and in vitro cancer diagnosis. More recently, its multiplexing capability and power to create distinct molecular signatures against their targets have garnered attention. Here, we share our insights into the combined power of microfluidics and SERS in realizing CTC isolation, enumeration, and detection from a clinical translation perspective. We highlight the key operational factors in CTC microfluidic processing and SERS detection from patient samples. We further discuss microfluidic-SERS integration and its clinical utility as a paradigm shift in clinical CTC-based cancer diagnosis and prognostication. Finally, we summarize the challenges and attempt to look forward to what lies ahead of us in potentially translating the technique into real clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Hassanzadeh-Barforoushi
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Anastasiia Tukova
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Audrey Nadalini
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - David W Inglis
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Simon Chang-Hao Tsao
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Yuling Wang
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
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9
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Zhang X, Ma Y, Wang Y, Liang Z, Zhang X, Chen Y, Wang Q, Qin H, Wang J. Precision Phenotypic Profiling and Capture of Circulating Tumor Cells via a Vertical Laminar Flow-Stacked Microfluidic Chip. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:542. [PMID: 38675353 PMCID: PMC11051858 DOI: 10.3390/mi15040542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The heterogeneity of circulating tumor cells has a significant impact on the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of cancer. Research on the subtypes of circulating tumor cells can bring better treatment outcomes for cancer patients. Here, we proposed a microfluidic chip for the magnetic capture of subtypes of circulating tumor cells from the whole blood and phenotypic profiling by stacking laminar flow vertically. Circulating tumor cells were sorted and captured by the three-dimensional regulation of both magnetic fields in the vertical direction and flow fields in the lateral direction. Using EpCAM-magnetic beads, we achieved sorting and sectional capture of target cells in whole blood and analyzed the surface expression levels of the captured cells, confirming the functionality of the microfluidic chip in sorting and capturing subtypes of circulating tumor cells. This microfluidic chip can also aid in the subsequent subtype analysis of other rare cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinping Zhang
- School of Mechanical-Electronic and Vehicle Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 102616, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yujiao Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhenwei Liang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuanhe Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yiqing Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qingyi Wang
- School of Mechanical-Electronic and Vehicle Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 102616, China
| | - Hua Qin
- School of Mechanical-Electronic and Vehicle Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 102616, China
| | - Jiadao Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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10
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Xu J, Zhao Y, Chen Z, Wei L. Clinical Application of Different Liquid Biopsy Components in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Pers Med 2024; 14:420. [PMID: 38673047 PMCID: PMC11051574 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14040420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of primary liver cancer, usually occurring in the background of chronic liver disease. HCC lethality rate is in the third highest place in the world. Patients with HCC have concealed early symptoms and possess a high-level of heterogeneity. Once diagnosed, most of the tumors are in advanced stages and have a poor prognosis. The sensitivity and specificity of existing detection modalities and protocols are suboptimal. HCC calls for more sophisticated and individualized therapeutic regimens. Liquid biopsy is non-invasive, repeatable, unaffected by location, and can be monitored dynamically. It has emerged as a useable aid in achieving precision malignant tumor treatment. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating nucleic acids, exosomes and tumor-educated platelets are the commonest components of a liquid biopsy. It possesses the theoretical ability to conquer the high heterogeneity and the difficulty of early detection for HCC patients. In this review, we summarize the common enrichment techniques and the clinical applications in HCC for different liquid biopsy components. Tumor recurrence after HCC-related liver transplantation is more insidious and difficult to treat. The clinical use of liquid biopsy in HCC-related liver transplantation is also summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lai Wei
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China; (J.X.); (Y.Z.); (Z.C.)
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11
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Chen Y, Lin M, Ye D, Wang S, Zuo X, Li M. Functionalized tetrahedral DNA frameworks for the capture of circulating tumor cells. Nat Protoc 2024; 19:985-1014. [PMID: 38316964 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00943-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Identification and characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood samples of patients with cancer can help monitor parameters such as disease stage, disease progression and therapeutic efficiency. However, the sensitivity and specificity of current multivalent approaches used for CTC capture is limited by the lack of control over the ligands' position. In this Protocol Update, we describe DNA-tetrahedral frameworks anchored with aptamers that can be configured with user-defined spatial arrangements and stoichiometries. The modified tetrahedral DNA frameworks, termed 'n-simplexes', can be used as probes to specifically target receptor-ligand interactions on the cell membrane. Here, we describe the synthesis and use of n-simplexes that target the epithelial cell adhesion molecule expressed on the surface of CTCs. The characterization of the n-simplexes includes measuring the binding affinity to the membrane receptors as a result of the spatial arrangement and stoichiometry of the aptamers. We further detail the capture of CTCs from patient blood samples. The procedure for the preparation and characterization of n-simplexes requires 11.5 h, CTC capture from clinical samples and data processing requires ~5 h per six samples and the downstream analysis of captured cells typically requires 5.5 h. The protocol is suitable for users with basic expertise in molecular biology and handling of clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meihua Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Dekai Ye
- Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolei Zuo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Mishra A, Huang SB, Dubash T, Burr R, Edd JF, Wittner BS, Cunneely QE, Putaturo VR, Deshpande A, Antmen E, Gopinathan KA, Otani K, Miyazawa Y, Kwak JE, Guay SY, Kelly J, Walsh J, Nieman L, Galler I, Chan P, Lawrence MS, Sullivan RJ, Bardia A, Micalizzi DS, Sequist LV, Lee RJ, Franses JW, Ting DT, Brunker PAR, Maheswaran S, Miyamoto DT, Haber DA, Toner M. Tumor cell-based liquid biopsy using high-throughput microfluidic enrichment of entire leukapheresis product. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.13.583573. [PMID: 38559183 PMCID: PMC10980012 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.13.583573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs), interrogated by sampling blood from patients with cancer, contain multiple analytes, including intact RNA, high molecular weight DNA, proteins, and metabolic markers. However, the clinical utility of tumor cell-based liquid biopsy has been limited since CTCs are very rare, and current technologies cannot process the blood volumes required to isolate a sufficient number of tumor cells for in-depth assays. We previously described a high-throughput microfluidic prototype utilizing high-flow channels and amplification of cell sorting forces through magnetic lenses. Here, we apply this technology to analyze patient-derived leukapheresis products, interrogating a mean blood volume of 5.83 liters from patients with metastatic cancer, with a median of 2,799 CTCs purified per patient. Isolation of many CTCs from individual patients enables characterization of their morphological and molecular heterogeneity, including cell and nuclear size and RNA expression. It also allows robust detection of gene copy number variation, a definitive cancer marker with potential diagnostic applications. High-volume microfluidic enrichment of CTCs constitutes a new dimension in liquid biopsies.
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13
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Yan S, Liu Y, Nguyen NT, Zhang J. Magnetophoresis-Enhanced Elasto-Inertial Migration of Microparticles and Cells in Microfluidics. Anal Chem 2024; 96:3925-3932. [PMID: 38346322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic particle and cell manipulation techniques possess many potentials for biomedicine and healthcare. Many techniques have been developed based on active (e.g., electrical, magnetic, acoustic, and thermal) force fields and passive hydrodynamic forces (e.g., inertial and elastic lift forces). However, techniques based on a single active or passive manipulating physics cannot always meet the demands, and combining multiple physics becomes a promising strategy to promote technique flexibility and versatility. In this work, we explored the physical coupling of magnetophoresis with the elastic and inertial (i.e., elasto-inertial) lift forces for the manipulation of microparticles. Particle lateral migration was studied in a coflowing configuration of viscoelastic ferrofluid/water (sample/sheath). The particles were suspended in the viscoelastic ferrofluid and confined near the channel sidewall by a sheath flow. The coordination of magnetophoresis and elasto-inertial lift forces promoted the cross-stream migration of particles. Besides, we investigated the effect of the flow rate ratio and total flow rate on the migration of particles. Furthermore, we also investigated the effects of fluid elasticity in sample and sheath flows on particle migration using different combinations of sample and sheath flows, including Newtonian ferrofluid/water, Newtonian ferrofluid/viscoelastic fluid, and viscoelastic ferrofluid/viscoelastic coflows. Experimental results demonstrated and ascertained the promoted particle lateral migration in the PEO-based ferrofluid/water coflow. Finally, we demonstrate the proof-of-concept application of the physical coupling strategy for cell cross-stream migration and solution exchange. We envisage that this novel multiphysical coupling scheme has great potential for the flexible and versatile manipulation of microparticles and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Jun Zhang
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
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14
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Saylor PJ, Otani K, Balza R, Ukleja J, Pleskow H, Fisher R, Kusaka E, Otani YS, Badusi PO, Smith MR, Meneely E, Olivier K, Lowe AC, Toner M, Maheswaran S, Haber DA, Yeap BY, Lee RJ, Miyamoto DT. Circulating and Imaging Biomarkers of Radium-223 Response in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. JCO Precis Oncol 2024; 8:e2300230. [PMID: 38354328 DOI: 10.1200/po.23.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Radium-223 improves overall survival (OS) and reduces skeletal events in patients with bone metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), but relevant biomarkers are lacking. We evaluated automated bone scan index (aBSI) and circulating tumor cell (CTC) analyses as potential biomarkers of prognosis and activity. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with bone metastatic CRPC were enrolled on a prospective single-arm study of standard radium-223. 99mTc-MDP bone scan images at baseline, 2 months, and 6 months were quantitated using aBSI. CTCs at baseline, 1 month, and 2 months were enumerated and assessed for RNA expression of prostate cancer-specific genes using microfluidic enrichment followed by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The median OS was 21.3 months in 22 patients. Lower baseline aBSI and minimal change in aBSI (<+0.7) from baseline to 2 months were each associated with better OS (P = .00341 and P = .0139, respectively). The higher baseline CTC count of ≥5 CTC/7.5 mL was associated with worse OS (median, 10.1 v 32.9 months; P = .00568). CTCs declined at 2 months in four of 15 patients with detectable baseline CTCs. Among individual genes in CTCs, baseline expression of the splice variant AR-V7 was significantly associated with worse OS (hazard ratio, 5.20 [95% CI, 1.657 to 16.31]; P = .00195). Baseline detectable AR-V7, higher aBSI, and CTC count ≥5 CTC/7.5 mL continued to have a significant independent negative impact on OS after controlling for prostate-specific antigen or alkaline phosphatase. CONCLUSION Quantitative bone scan assessment with aBSI and CTC analyses are prognostic markers in patients treated with radium-223. AR-V7 expression in CTCs is a particularly promising prognostic biomarker and warrants validation in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Saylor
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Keisuke Otani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rene Balza
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jacob Ukleja
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Haley Pleskow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rebecca Fisher
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Erika Kusaka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yukako S Otani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Matthew R Smith
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Erika Meneely
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kara Olivier
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alarice C Lowe
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Mehmet Toner
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shyamala Maheswaran
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel A Haber
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Beow Y Yeap
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Richard J Lee
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - David T Miyamoto
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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15
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Sinha S, Farfel A, Luker KE, Parker BA, Yeung KT, Luker GD, Ghosh P. Growth signaling autonomy in circulating tumor cells aids metastatic seeding. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae014. [PMID: 38312224 PMCID: PMC10833458 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Self-sufficiency (autonomy) in growth signaling, the earliest recognized hallmark of cancer, is fueled by the tumor cell's ability to "secrete-and-sense" growth factors (GFs); this translates into cell survival and proliferation that is self-sustained by autocrine/paracrine secretion. A Golgi-localized circuitry comprised of two GTPase switches has recently been implicated in the orchestration of growth signaling autonomy. Using breast cancer cells that are either endowed or impaired (by gene editing) in their ability to assemble the circuitry for growth signaling autonomy, here we define the transcriptome, proteome, and phenome of such an autonomous state, and unravel its role during cancer progression. We show that autonomy is associated with enhanced molecular programs for stemness, proliferation, and epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity. Autonomy is both necessary and sufficient for anchorage-independent GF-restricted proliferation and resistance to anticancer drugs and is required for metastatic progression. Transcriptomic and proteomic studies show that autonomy is associated, with a surprising degree of specificity, with self-sustained epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/ErbB signaling. Derivation of a gene expression signature for autonomy revealed that growth signaling autonomy is uniquely induced in circulating tumor cells (CTCs), the harshest phase in the life of tumor cells when it is deprived of biologically available epidermal growth factor (EGF). We also show that autonomy in CTCs tracks therapeutic response and prognosticates outcome. These data support a role for growth signaling autonomy in multiple processes essential for the blood-borne dissemination of human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshi Sinha
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alex Farfel
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Kathryn E Luker
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Barbara A Parker
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kay T Yeung
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gary D Luker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
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16
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Nian M, Chen B, He M, Hu B. A Cascaded Phase-Transfer Microfluidic Chip with Magnetic Probe for High-Activity Sorting, Purification, Release, and Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells. Anal Chem 2024; 96:766-774. [PMID: 38158582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic chips have emerged as a promising tool for sorting and enriching circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood, while the efficacy and purity of CTC sorting greatly depend on chip design. Herein, a novel cascaded phase-transfer microfluidic chip was developed for high-efficiency sorting, purification, release, and detection of MCF-7 cells (as a model CTC) in blood samples. MCF-7 cells were specifically captured by EpCAM aptamer-modified magnetic beads and then introduced into the designed cascaded phase-transfer microfluidic chip that consisted of three functional regions (sorting, purification, and release zone). In the sorting zone, the MCF-7 cells moved toward the inner wall of the channel and entered the purification zone for primary separation from white blood cells; in the purification zone, the MCF-7 cells were transferred to the phosphate-buffered saline flow under the interaction of Dean forces and central magnetic force, achieving high purification of MCF-7 cells from blood samples; in the release zone, MCF-7 cells were further transferred into the nuclease solution and fixed in groove by the strong magnetic force and hydrodynamic force, and the continuously flowing nuclease solution cleaved the aptamer on the trapped MCF-7 cells, causing gentle release of MCF-7 cells for subsequent inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) detection or further cultivation. By measurement of the endogenous element Zn in the cells using ICP-MS for cell counting, an average cell recovery of 84% for MCF-7 cells was obtained in spiked blood samples. The developed method was applied in the analysis of real blood samples from healthy people and breast cancer patients, and CTCs were successfully detected in all tested patient samples (16/16). Additionally, the removal of the magnetic probes on the cell surface significantly improved cell viability up to 99.3%. Therefore, the developed cascaded phase-transfer microfluidic chip ICP-MS system possessed high integration for CTCs analysis with high cell viability, cell recovery, and purity, showing great advantages in early clinical cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoxiang Nian
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Man He
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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17
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Jiang Z, He J, Zhang B, Wang L, Long C, Zhao B, Yang Y, Du L, Luo W, Hu J, Hong X. A Potential "Anti-Warburg Effect" in Circulating Tumor Cell-mediated Metastatic Progression? Aging Dis 2024:AD.2023.1227. [PMID: 38300633 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.1227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a defining hallmark of cancer metastasis, warranting thorough exploration. The tumor-promoting function of the "Warburg Effect", marked by escalated glycolysis and restrained mitochondrial activity, is widely acknowledged. Yet, the functional significance of mitochondria-mediated oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) during metastasis remains controversial. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are considered metastatic precursors that detach from primary or secondary sites and harbor the potential to seed distant metastases through hematogenous dissemination. A comprehensive metabolic characterization of CTCs faces formidable obstacles, including the isolation of these rare cells from billions of blood cells, coupled with the complexities of ex vivo-culturing of CTC lines or the establishment of CTC-derived xenograft models (CDX). This review summarized the role of the "Warburg Effect" in both tumorigenesis and CTC-mediated metastasis. Intriguingly, bioinformatic analysis of single-CTC transcriptomic studies unveils a potential OXPHOS dominance over Glycolysis signature genes across several important cancer types. From these observations, we postulate a potential "Anti-Warburg Effect" (AWE) in CTCs-a metabolic shift bridging primary tumors and metastases. The observed AWE could be clinically important as they are significantly correlated with therapeutic response in melanoma and prostate patients. Thus, unraveling dynamic metabolic regulations within CTC populations might reveal an additional layer of regulatory complexities of cancer metastasis, providing an avenue for innovative anti-metastasis therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuofeng Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Cancer Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiapeng He
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Cancer Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Binyu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Cancer Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Oncology, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunhao Long
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Boxi Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yufan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Longxiang Du
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiren Luo
- Cancer Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianyang Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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18
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Cani AK, Hayes DF. Breast Cancer Circulating Tumor Cells: Current Clinical Applications and Future Prospects. Clin Chem 2024; 70:68-80. [PMID: 38175590 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvad191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification and characterization of circulating tumor markers, designated as "liquid biopsies," have greatly impacted the care of cancer patients. Although more recently referring to circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), the term liquid biopsy initially was coined to refer to any blood-borne biomarker related to malignancy, including circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood. In this manuscript, we review the specific state of the art of CTCs in breast cancer. CONTENT Liquid biopsies might play a clinical role across the entire spectrum of breast cancer, from risk assessment, prevention, screening, and treatment. CTC counts have been shown to carry clear, independent prognostic information in the latter situation. However, the clinical utility of CTCs in breast cancer remains to be determined. Nonetheless, in addition to CTC enumeration, analyses of CTCs provide tumor molecular information representing the entire, often-heterogeneous disease, relatively noninvasively and longitudinally. Technological advances have allowed the interrogation of CTC-derived information, providing renewed hope for a clinical role in disease monitoring and precision oncology. SUMMARY This narrative review examines CTCs, their clinical validity, and current prospects of clinical utility in breast cancer with the goal of improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andi K Cani
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Daniel F Hayes
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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19
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Stosic K, Senar OA, Tarfouss J, Bouchart C, Navez J, Van Laethem JL, Arsenijevic T. A Comprehensive Review of the Potential Role of Liquid Biopsy as a Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Predictive Biomarker in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cells 2023; 13:3. [PMID: 38201207 PMCID: PMC10778087 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the most lethal malignant diseases, with a mortality rate being close to incidence. Due to its heterogeneity and plasticity, as well as the lack of distinct symptoms in the early phases, it is very often diagnosed at an advanced stage, resulting in poor prognosis. Traditional tissue biopsies remain the gold standard for making a diagnosis, but have an obvious disadvantage in their inapplicability for frequent sampling. Blood-based biopsies represent a non-invasive method which potentially offers easy and repeated sampling, leading to the early detection and real-time monitoring of the disease and hopefully an accurate prognosis. Given the urgent need for a reliable biomarker that can estimate a patient's condition and response to an assigned treatment, blood-based biopsies are emerging as a potential new tool for improving patients' survival and surveillance. In this article, we discuss the current advances and challenges in using liquid biopsies for pancreatic cancer, focusing on circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), extracellular vesicles (EVs), and circulating tumour cells (CTCs), and compare the performance and reliability of different biomarkers and combinations of biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosta Stosic
- Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium (O.A.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Oier Azurmendi Senar
- Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium (O.A.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Jawad Tarfouss
- Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium (O.A.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Christelle Bouchart
- Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium (O.A.S.); (C.B.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hopital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Navez
- Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium (O.A.S.); (C.B.)
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Hopital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Luc Van Laethem
- Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium (O.A.S.); (C.B.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Digestive Oncology, Hopital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tatjana Arsenijevic
- Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium (O.A.S.); (C.B.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Digestive Oncology, Hopital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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20
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Deng Q, Jiang B, Yan H, Wu J, Cao Z. Circulating tumor cells in gastric cancer: developments and clinical applications. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:4385-4399. [PMID: 37548815 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01158-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which are shed from primary tumor or metastatic sites into the bloodstream and subsequently seed into distant tissues, are considered as the precursors of metastases. Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly heterogeneous malignant tumor. With regard to the diagnosis of GC, secondary pathological biopsy is difficult, while invasive examination is harmful to patients. In recent years, CTCs have made great progress in tumor diagnosis, prognosis prediction, efficacy detection and treatment guidance, but the research on the role of CTCs in GC remains limited. The following sections review the landmark studies demonstrating the technical approaches of CTCs monitoring in the field of GC. Moreover, we highlight the clinical application of CTCs numbers and phenotypes in monitoring the therapeutic efficacy and judging patient prognosis by sequential blood analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Deng
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haijiao Yan
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhenzhen Cao
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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21
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Mohammadali R, Bayareh M. Deformability-Based Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells in Spiral Microchannels. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:2111. [PMID: 38004968 PMCID: PMC10672993 DOI: 10.3390/mi14112111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and their analysis are crucial for the preliminary identification of invasive cancer. One of the effective properties that can be utilized to isolate CTCs is their deformability. In this paper, inertial-based spiral microchannels with various numbers of loops are employed to sort deformable CTCs using the finite element method (FEM) and an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) approach. The influences of cell deformability, cell size, number of loops, and channel depth on the hydrodynamic behavior of CTCs are discussed. The results demonstrate that the trajectory of cells is affected by the above factors when passing through the spiral channel. This approach can be utilized for sorting and isolating label-free deformable biological cells at large scales in clinical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morteza Bayareh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord 88186-34141, Iran;
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22
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Wang K, Wang X, Pan Q, Zhao B. Liquid biopsy techniques and pancreatic cancer: diagnosis, monitoring, and evaluation. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:167. [PMID: 37803304 PMCID: PMC10557192 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01870-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most common malignancies. Surgical resection is a potential curative approach for PC, but most patients are unsuitable for operations when at the time of diagnosis. Even with surgery, some patients may still experience tumour metastasis during the operation or shortly after surgery, as precise prognosis evaluation is not always possible. If patients miss the opportunity for surgery and resort to chemotherapy, they may face the challenging issue of chemotherapy resistance. In recent years, liquid biopsy has shown promising prospects in disease diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and prognosis assessment. As a noninvasive detection method, liquid biopsy offers advantages over traditional diagnostic procedures, such as tissue biopsy, in terms of both cost-effectiveness and convenience. The information provided by liquid biopsy helps clinical practitioners understand the molecular mechanisms underlying tumour occurrence and development, enabling the formulation of more precise and personalized treatment decisions for each patient. This review introduces molecular biomarkers and detection methods in liquid biopsy for PC, including circulating tumour cells (CTCs), circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), and extracellular vesicles (EVs) or exosomes. Additionally, we summarize the applications of liquid biopsy in the early diagnosis, treatment response, resistance assessment, and prognostic evaluation of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangchun Wang
- Department of Organ Transplantation and Hepatobiliary, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Qi Pan
- Department of Organ Transplantation and Hepatobiliary, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Bei Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
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23
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Sun J, Huang X, Chen J, Xiang R, Ke X, Lin S, Xuan W, Liu S, Cao Z, Sun L. Recent advances in deformation-assisted microfluidic cell sorting technologies. Analyst 2023; 148:4922-4938. [PMID: 37743834 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01150j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Cell sorting is an essential prerequisite for cell research and has great value in life science and clinical studies. Among the many microfluidic cell sorting technologies, label-free methods based on the size of different cell types have been widely studied. However, the heterogeneity in size for cells of the same type and the inevitable size overlap between different types of cells would result in performance degradation in size-based sorting. To tackle such challenges, deformation-assisted technologies are receiving more attention recently. Cell deformability is an inherent biophysical marker of cells that reflects the changes in their internal structures and physiological states. It provides additional dimensional information for cell sorting besides size. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the recent advances in deformation-assisted microfluidic cell sorting technologies. According to how the deformability is characterized and the form in which the force acts, the technologies can be divided into two categories: (1) the indirect category including transit-time-based and image-based methods, and (2) the direct category including microstructure-based and hydrodynamics-based methods. Finally, the separation performance and the application scenarios of each method, the existing challenges and future outlook are discussed. Deformation-assisted microfluidic cell sorting technologies are expected to realize greater potential in the label-free analysis of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, China.
| | - Xiwei Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, China.
| | - Jin Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, China.
| | - Rikui Xiang
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, China.
| | - Xiang Ke
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, China.
| | - Siru Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, China.
| | - Weipeng Xuan
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, China.
| | - Shan Liu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Lingling Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, China.
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Cai S, Deng Y, Wang Z, Zhu J, Huang C, Du L, Wang C, Yu X, Liu W, Yang C, Wang Z, Wang L, Ma K, Huang R, Zhou X, Zou H, Zhang W, Huang Y, Li Z, Qin T, Xu T, Guo X, Yu Z. Development and clinical validation of a microfluidic-based platform for CTC enrichment and downstream molecular analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1238332. [PMID: 37849806 PMCID: PMC10578963 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1238332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although many CTC isolation and detection methods can provide information on cancer cell counts, downstream gene and protein analysis remain incomplete. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a technology that can provide comprehensive information on both the number and profile of CTC. Methods In this study, we developed a novel microfluidics-based CTC separation and enrichment platform that provided detailed information about CTC. Results This platform exhibits exceptional functionality, achieving high rates of CTC recovery (87.1%) and purification (∼4 log depletion of WBCs), as well as accurate detection (95.10%), providing intact and viable CTCs for downstream analysis. This platform enables successful separation and enrichment of CTCs from a 4 mL whole-blood sample within 15 minutes. Additionally, CTC subtypes, selected protein expression levels on the CTC surface, and target mutations in selected genes can be directly analyzed for clinical utility using immunofluorescence and real-time polymerase chain reaction, and the detected PD-L1 expression in CTCs is consistent with immunohistochemical assay results. Conclusion The microfluidic-based CTC enrichment platform and downstream molecular analysis together provide a possible alternative to tissue biopsy for precision cancer management, especially for patients whose tissue biopsies are unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhua Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Youjun Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyu Zhu
- Institute of Cancer Control, Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Chujian Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Longde Du
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunguang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangyang Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenyi Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chenglin Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lixu Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kai Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Medical Affairs, Cellomics (ShenZhen) Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Heng Zou
- Department of Medical Affairs, Cellomics (ShenZhen) Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenchong Zhang
- Department of Medical Affairs, Cellomics (ShenZhen) Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Medical Affairs, Cellomics (ShenZhen) Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Medical Affairs, Cellomics (ShenZhen) Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tiaoping Qin
- Department of Medical Affairs, Cellomics (ShenZhen) Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Medical Affairs, Cellomics (ShenZhen) Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaotong Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhentao Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
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Ogut MG, Ma P, Gupta R, Hoerner CR, Fan AC, El-Kaffas AN, Durmus NG. Automated Image Analysis for Characterization of Circulating Tumor Cells and Clusters Sorted by Magnetic Levitation. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300109. [PMID: 37462226 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic levitation-based sorting technologies have revolutionized the detection and isolation of rare cells, including circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor cell clusters (CTCCs). Manual counting and quantification of these cells are prone to time-consuming processes, human error, and inter-observer variability, particularly challenging when heterogeneous cell types in 3D clusters are present. To overcome these challenges, we developed "Fastcount," an in-house MATLAB-based algorithm for precise, automated quantification and phenotypic characterization of CTCs and CTCCs, in both 2D and 3D. Fastcount is 120 times faster than manual counting and produces reliable results with a ±7.3% deviation compared to a trained laboratory technician. By analyzing 400 GB of fluorescence imaging data, we showed that Fastcount outperforms manual counting and commercial software when cells are aggregated in 3D or staining artifacts are present, delivering more accurate results. We further employed Fastcount for automated analysis of 3D image stacks obtained from CTCCs isolated from colorectal adenocarcinoma and renal cell carcinoma blood samples. Interestingly, we observed a highly heterogeneous spatial cellular composition within CTCCs, even among clusters from the same patient. Overall, Fastcount can be employed for various applications with lab-chip devices, such as CTC detection, CTCC analysis in 3D and cell detection in biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Giray Ogut
- Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- School of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Peng Ma
- Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Rakhi Gupta
- Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Christian R Hoerner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Alice C Fan
- Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ahmed Nagy El-Kaffas
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Naside Gozde Durmus
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
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Shin HS, Park J, Lee SY, Yun HG, Kim B, Kim J, Han S, Cho D, Doh J, Choi S. Integrative Magneto-Microfluidic Separation of Immune Cells Facilitates Clinical Functional Assays. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302809. [PMID: 37365959 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Accurately analyzing the functional activities of natural killer (NK) cells in clinical diagnosis remains challenging due to their coupling with other immune effectors. To address this, an integrated immune cell separator is required, which necessitates a streamlined sample preparation workflow including immunological cell isolation, removal of excess red blood cells (RBCs), and buffer exchange for downstream analysis. Here, a self-powered integrated magneto-microfluidic cell separation (SMS) chip is presented, which outputs high-purity target immune cells by simply inputting whole blood. The SMS chip intensifies the magnetic field gradient using an iron sphere-filled inlet reservoir for high-performance immuno-magnetic cell selection and separates target cells size-selectively using a microfluidic lattice for RBC removal and buffer exchange. In addition, the chip incorporates self-powered microfluidic pumping through a degassed polydimethylsiloxane chip, enabling the rapid isolation of NK cells at the place of blood collection within 40 min. This chip is used to isolate NK cells from whole blood samples of hepatocellular cancer patients and healthy volunteers and examined their functional activities to identify potential abnormalities in NK cell function. The SMS chip is simple to use, rapid to sort, and requires small blood volumes, thus facilitating the use of immune cell subtypes for cell-based diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Sik Shin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehun Park
- Soft Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yeop Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Geun Yun
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongyeon Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, 25-2, Seonggyungwan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03063, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangbin Han
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81, Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Duck Cho
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, 25-2, Seonggyungwan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03063, Republic of Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81, Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute (CGTI), Samsung Medical Center, 81, Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsang Doh
- Soft Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Engineering Research, BioMAX, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyoung Choi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
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Yeh PY, Chen JY, Shen MY, Che TF, Lim SC, Wang J, Tsai WS, Frank CW, Huang CJ, Chang YC. Liposome-tethered supported lipid bilayer platform for capture and release of heterogeneous populations of circulating tumor cells. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:8159-8169. [PMID: 37313622 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00547j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Because of scarcity, vulnerability, and heterogeneity in the population of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), the CTC isolation system relying on immunoaffinity interaction exhibits inconsistent efficiencies for all types of cancers and even CTCs with different phenotypes in individuals. Moreover, releasing viable CTCs from an isolation system is of importance for molecular analysis and drug screening in precision medicine, which remains a challenge for current systems. In this work, a new CTC isolation microfluidic platform was developed and contains a coating of the antibody-conjugated liposome-tethered-supported lipid bilayer in a developed chaotic-mixing microfluidic system, referred to as the "LIPO-SLB" platform. The biocompatible, soft, laterally fluidic, and antifouling properties of the LIPO-SLB platform offer high CTC capture efficiency, viability, and selectivity. We successfully demonstrated the capability of the LIPO-SLB platform to recapitulate different cancer cell lines with different antigen expression levels. In addition, the captured CTCs in the LIPO-SLB platform can be detached by air foam to destabilize the physically assembled bilayer structures due to a large water/air interfacial area and strong surface tension. More importantly, the LIPO-SLB platform was constructed and used for the verification of clinical samples from 161 patients with different primary cancer types. The mean values of both single CTCs and CTC clusters correlated well with the cancer stages. Moreover, a considerable number of CTCs were isolated from patients' blood samples in the early/localized stages. The clinical validation demonstrated the enormous potential of the universal LIPO-SLB platform as a tool for prognostic and predictive purposes in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Ying Yeh
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Sec 2, Academic Rd., Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jia-Yang Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Sec 2, Academic Rd., Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mo-Yuan Shen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Sec 2, Academic Rd., Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ting-Fang Che
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Sec 2, Academic Rd., Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | - Syer Choon Lim
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Sec 2, Academic Rd., Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | - Jocelyn Wang
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Wen-Sy Tsai
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Curtis W Frank
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chun-Jen Huang
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, and NCU-Covestro Research Center, National Central University, Jhong-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan.
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Rd., Chung-Li City 32023, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chih Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Sec 2, Academic Rd., Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Mohamadsharifi A, Hajghassem H, Kalantar M, Karimi A, Tabatabaei Asl M, Hosseini S, Badieirostami M. High-Efficiency Inertial Separation of Microparticles Using Elevated Columned Reservoirs and Vortex Technique for Lab-on-a-Chip Applications. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:28628-28639. [PMID: 37576636 PMCID: PMC10413478 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has envisioned an excellent outlook for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Among numerous efforts proposed for CTCs isolation, vortex separation is a well-known method for capturing CTCs from blood due to its applicability, low sample volume requirement, and ability to retain cell viability. It is a label-free, passive, low-cost, and automated method, making it an ideal solution for lab-on-a-chip applications. The previous designs that employed vortex technology have shown reaching high throughput and 70% separation efficiency although it was after three processing cycles which are not desired. Inspired by our earlier design, in this work, we redesigned the chip geometry by elevating the columned reservoir height to capture more particles and consequently reduce particle-particle collision, eventually improving efficiency. So, a height-variable chip with fewer elevated columned reservoirs (ECRs) was employed to isolate 20 μm microparticles representing CTCs from 8 μm microparticles. Also, numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the third axis contribution to the separation mechanism. The new design with ECRs resulted in a 14% increase in average efficiency, reaching ∼80% ± 8.3% in microparticle separation and 61% purity. Moreover, the proposed chip geometry demonstrated more than three times higher capacity in retaining orbiting particles up to 1300 in peak performance without sacrificing efficiency compared to earlier single-layer designs. We came up with an upgraded injection system to facilitate this chip characterization. We also presented an effortless and straightforward approach for purging air bubbles trapped inside the reservoirs to preserve regular chip operation, especially where there is a mismatch between channel and reservoir heights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mohamadsharifi
- Faculty
of New Sciences and Technologies, University
of Tehran, Tehran 14759-87353, Iran
| | - Hassan Hajghassem
- Faculty
of New Sciences and Technologies, University
of Tehran, Tehran 14759-87353, Iran
| | - Mahsa Kalantar
- Faculty
of New Sciences and Technologies, University
of Tehran, Tehran 14759-87353, Iran
| | - Ali Karimi
- Department
of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif
University of Technology, Tehran 14588-89694, Iran
| | | | - Seyedmajid Hosseini
- Division
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-2804, United States
| | - Majid Badieirostami
- School
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 14399-57131, Iran
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Fernández-Santiago C, López-López R, Piñeiro R. Models to study CTCs and CTC culture methods. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 381:57-98. [PMID: 37739484 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The vast majority of cancer-related deaths are due to the presence of disseminated disease. Understanding the metastatic process is key to achieving a reduction in cancer mortality. Particularly, there is a need to understand the molecular mechanisms that drive cancer metastasis, which will allow the identification of curative treatments for metastatic cancers. Liquid biopsies have arisen as a minimally invasive approach to gain insights into the biology of metastasis. Circulating tumour cells (CTCs), shed to the circulation from the primary tumour or metastatic lesions, are a key component of liquid biopsy. As metastatic precursors, CTCs hold the potential to unravel the mechanisms involved in metastasis formation as well as new therapeutic strategies for treating metastatic disease. However, the complex biology of CTCs together with their low frequency in circulation are factors hampering an in-depth mechanistic investigation of the metastatic process. To overcome these problems, CTC-derived models, including CTC-derived xenograft (CDX) and CTC-derived ex vivo cultures, in combination with more traditional in vivo models of metastasis, have emerged as powerful tools to investigate the biological features of CTCs facilitating cancer metastasis and uncover new therapeutic opportunities. In this chapter, we provide an up to date view of the diverse models used in different cancers to study the biology of CTCs, and of the methods developed for CTC culture and expansion, in vivo and ex vivo. We also report some of the main challenges and limitations that these models are facing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristóbal Fernández-Santiago
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Rafael López-López
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain; University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Piñeiro
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
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Dubash TD, Bardia A, Chirn B, Reeves BA, LiCausi JA, Burr R, Wittner BS, Rai S, Patel H, Bihani T, Arlt H, Bidard FC, Kaklamani VG, Aftimos P, Cortés J, Scartoni S, Fiascarelli A, Binaschi M, Habboubi N, Iafrate AJ, Toner M, Haber DA, Maheswaran S. Modeling the novel SERD elacestrant in cultured fulvestrant-refractory HR-positive breast circulating tumor cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023; 201:43-56. [PMID: 37318638 PMCID: PMC10300156 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-06998-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metastatic hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer initially responds to serial courses of endocrine therapy, but ultimately becomes refractory. Elacestrant, a new generation FDA-approved oral selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) and antagonist, has demonstrated efficacy in a subset of women with advanced HR+breast cancer, but there are few patient-derived models to characterize its effect in advanced cancers with diverse treatment histories and acquired mutations. METHODS We analyzed clinical outcomes with elacestrant, compared with endocrine therapy, among women who had previously been treated with a fulvestrant-containing regimen from the recent phase 3 EMERALD Study. We further modeled sensitivity to elacestrant, compared with the currently approved SERD, fulvestrant in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models and cultured circulating tumor cells (CTCs). RESULTS Analysis of the subset of breast cancer patients enrolled in the EMERALD study who had previously received a fulvestrant-containing regimen indicates that they had better progression-free survival with elacestrant than with standard-of-care endocrine therapy, a finding that was independent estrogen receptor (ESR1) gene mutations. We modeled elacestrant responsiveness using patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models and in ex vivo cultured CTCs derived from patients with HR+breast cancer extensively treated with multiple endocrine therapies, including fulvestrant. Both CTCs and PDX models are refractory to fulvestrant but sensitive to elacestrant, independent of mutations in ESR1 and Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-Bisphosphate 3-Kinase Catalytic Subunit Alpha (PIK3CA) genes. CONCLUSION Elacestrant retains efficacy in breast cancer cells that have acquired resistance to currently available ER targeting therapies. Elacestrant may be an option for patients with HR+/HER2- breast cancer whose disease progressed on fulvestrant in the metastatic setting. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE Serial endocrine therapy is the mainstay of management for metastatic HR+breast cancer, but acquisition of drug resistance highlights the need for better therapies. Elacestrant is a recently FDA-approved novel oral selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD), with demonstrated efficacy in the EMERALD phase 3 clinical trial of refractory HR+breast cancer. Subgroup analysis of the EMERALD clinical trial identifies clinical benefit with elacestrant in patients who had received prior fulvestrant independent of the mutational status of the ESR1 gene, supporting its potential utility in treating refractory HR+breast cancer. Here, we use pre-clinical models, including ex vivo cultures of circulating tumor cells and patient-derived xenografts, to demonstrate the efficacy of elacestrant in breast cancer cells with acquired resistance to fulvestrant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taronish D Dubash
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Aditya Bardia
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Brian Chirn
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Brittany A Reeves
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Joseph A LiCausi
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Risa Burr
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ben S Wittner
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Sumit Rai
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | | | | | - Heike Arlt
- Radius Health, Inc, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | | | | | - Philippe Aftimos
- Institut Jules Bordet-Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Javier Cortés
- International Breast Cancer Center (IBCC), Quiron Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Nassir Habboubi
- Stemline Therapeutics/Menarini Group, New York, NY, 10022, USA
| | - A John Iafrate
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Mehmet Toner
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Daniel A Haber
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20810, USA.
| | - Shyamala Maheswaran
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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31
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Pillai S, Kwan JC, Yaziji F, Yu H, Tran SD. Mapping the Potential of Microfluidics in Early Diagnosis and Personalized Treatment of Head and Neck Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3894. [PMID: 37568710 PMCID: PMC10417175 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNCs) account for ~4% of all cancers in North America and encompass cancers affecting the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, sinuses, nasal cavity, and salivary glands. The anatomical complexity of the head and neck region, characterized by highly perfused and innervated structures, presents challenges in the early diagnosis and treatment of these cancers. The utilization of sub-microliter volumes and the unique phenomenon associated with microscale fluid dynamics have facilitated the development of microfluidic platforms for studying complex biological systems. The advent of on-chip microfluidics has significantly impacted the diagnosis and treatment strategies of HNC. Sensor-based microfluidics and point-of-care devices have improved the detection and monitoring of cancer biomarkers using biological specimens like saliva, urine, blood, and serum. Additionally, tumor-on-a-chip platforms have allowed the creation of patient-specific cancer models on a chip, enabling the development of personalized treatments through high-throughput screening of drugs. In this review, we first focus on how microfluidics enable the development of an enhanced, functional drug screening process for targeted treatment in HNCs. We then discuss current advances in microfluidic platforms for biomarker sensing and early detection, followed by on-chip modeling of HNC to evaluate treatment response. Finally, we address the practical challenges that hinder the clinical translation of these microfluidic advances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Simon D. Tran
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; (S.P.); (J.C.K.); (F.Y.); (H.Y.)
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32
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Chen H, Zhang Y, Ma X, Zhou B, Liu Z. Chemically-Modified Sepharose 6B Beads for Collection of Circulating Tumor Cells. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1071. [PMID: 37509107 PMCID: PMC10377418 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The isolation and quantitative characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are of great importance in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. However, isolating and detecting CTCs in whole blood presents a significant challenge due to the low numbers of CTCs (often ranging from one to five) in samples containing billions of erythrocytes. Recently, point-of-care devices that use antibody trapping coupled with remote immunofluorescence analyses have been described to identify the number and type of CTCs in blood. In this study, we propose a novel method for trapping and quantifying CTCs using Sepharose 6B beads of 45-160 μm size that are engineered with capture antibodies. Specifically, we employed CD44 antibody conjugates (bearing a maleimide group) that are specific to the CTCs of breast cancer to thiol-Sepharose beads 6B. These beads, when mixed with MDAMB231 and Jurkat cells and filtered through a 40 μm filter, can capture ~80% of MDAMB231 cells. Furthermore, the antibody-modified Sepharose 6B can be stored at four degrees Celsius for a period exceeding six months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Chen
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao 334000, China
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yiming Zhang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Ma
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Bohao Zhou
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
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Surappa S, Multani P, Parlatan U, Sinawang PD, Kaifi J, Akin D, Demirci U. Integrated "lab-on-a-chip" microfluidic systems for isolation, enrichment, and analysis of cancer biomarkers. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:2942-2958. [PMID: 37314731 PMCID: PMC10834032 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc01076c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The liquid biopsy has garnered considerable attention as a complementary clinical tool for the early detection, molecular characterization and monitoring of cancer over the past decade. In contrast to traditional solid biopsy techniques, liquid biopsy offers a less invasive and safer alternative for routine cancer screening. Recent advances in microfluidic technologies have enabled handling of liquid biopsy-derived biomarkers with high sensitivity, throughput, and convenience. The integration of these multi-functional microfluidic technologies into a 'lab-on-a-chip' offers a powerful solution for processing and analyzing samples on a single platform, thereby reducing the complexity, bio-analyte loss and cross-contamination associated with multiple handling and transfer steps in more conventional benchtop workflows. This review critically addresses recent developments in integrated microfluidic technologies for cancer detection, highlighting isolation, enrichment, and analysis strategies for three important sub-types of cancer biomarkers: circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA and exosomes. We first discuss the unique characteristics and advantages of the various lab-on-a-chip technologies developed to operate on each biomarker subtype. This is then followed by a discussion on the challenges and opportunities in the field of integrated systems for cancer detection. Ultimately, integrated microfluidic platforms form the core of a new class of point-of-care diagnostic tools by virtue of their ease-of-operation, portability and high sensitivity. Widespread availability of such tools could potentially result in more frequent and convenient screening for early signs of cancer at clinical labs or primary care offices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushruta Surappa
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Lab, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Priyanka Multani
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Lab, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Ugur Parlatan
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Lab, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Prima Dewi Sinawang
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Lab, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jussuf Kaifi
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Demir Akin
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Lab, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
- Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence for Translational Diagnostics (CCNE-TD), School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Lab, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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34
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Guo H, Vuille JA, Wittner BS, Lachtara EM, Hou Y, Lin M, Zhao T, Raman AT, Russell HC, Reeves BA, Pleskow HM, Wu CL, Gnirke A, Meissner A, Efstathiou JA, Lee RJ, Toner M, Aryee MJ, Lawrence MS, Miyamoto DT, Maheswaran S, Haber DA. DNA hypomethylation silences anti-tumor immune genes in early prostate cancer and CTCs. Cell 2023; 186:2765-2782.e28. [PMID: 37327786 PMCID: PMC10436379 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is characterized by hypomethylation-associated silencing of large chromatin domains, whose contribution to tumorigenesis is uncertain. Through high-resolution genome-wide single-cell DNA methylation sequencing, we identify 40 core domains that are uniformly hypomethylated from the earliest detectable stages of prostate malignancy through metastatic circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Nested among these repressive domains are smaller loci with preserved methylation that escape silencing and are enriched for cell proliferation genes. Transcriptionally silenced genes within the core hypomethylated domains are enriched for immune-related genes; prominent among these is a single gene cluster harboring all five CD1 genes that present lipid antigens to NKT cells and four IFI16-related interferon-inducible genes implicated in innate immunity. The re-expression of CD1 or IFI16 murine orthologs in immuno-competent mice abrogates tumorigenesis, accompanied by the activation of anti-tumor immunity. Thus, early epigenetic changes may shape tumorigenesis, targeting co-located genes within defined chromosomal loci. Hypomethylation domains are detectable in blood specimens enriched for CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshan Guo
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Joanna A Vuille
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Ben S Wittner
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Emily M Lachtara
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Yu Hou
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Maoxuan Lin
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ting Zhao
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ayush T Raman
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Hunter C Russell
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Brittany A Reeves
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Haley M Pleskow
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Chin-Lee Wu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Andreas Gnirke
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alexander Meissner
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Jason A Efstathiou
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Richard J Lee
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mehmet Toner
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Engineering in Medicine and Shriners Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Martin J Aryee
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Michael S Lawrence
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David T Miyamoto
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
| | - Shyamala Maheswaran
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Daniel A Haber
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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35
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Wang Q, Šabanović B, Awada A, Reina C, Aicher A, Tang J, Heeschen C. Single-cell omics: a new perspective for early detection of pancreatic cancer? Eur J Cancer 2023; 190:112940. [PMID: 37413845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2023.112940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal cancers, mostly due to late diagnosis and limited treatment options. Early detection of pancreatic cancer in high-risk populations bears the potential to greatly improve outcomes, but current screening approaches remain of limited value despite recent technological advances. This review explores the possible advantages of liquid biopsies for this application, particularly focusing on circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and their subsequent single-cell omics analysis. Originating from both primary and metastatic tumour sites, CTCs provide important information for diagnosis, prognosis and tailoring of treatment strategies. Notably, CTCs have even been detected in the blood of subjects with pancreatic precursor lesions, suggesting their suitability as a non-invasive tool for the early detection of malignant transformation in the pancreas. As intact cells, CTCs offer comprehensive genomic, transcriptomic, epigenetic and proteomic information that can be explored using rapidly developing techniques for analysing individual cells at the molecular level. Studying CTCs during serial sampling and at single-cell resolution will help to dissect tumour heterogeneity for individual patients and among different patients, providing new insights into cancer evolution during disease progression and in response to treatment. Using CTCs for non-invasive tracking of cancer features, including stemness, metastatic potential and expression of immune targets, provides important and readily accessible molecular insights. Finally, the emerging technology of ex vivo culturing of CTCs could create new opportunities to study the functionality of individual cancers at any stage and develop personalised and more effective treatment approaches for this lethal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Berina Šabanović
- Pancreatic Cancer Heterogeneity, Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Azhar Awada
- Pancreatic Cancer Heterogeneity, Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy; Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin (UniTO), Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Reina
- Pancreatic Cancer Heterogeneity, Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Alexandra Aicher
- Precision Immunotherapy, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiajia Tang
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; South Chongqing Road 227, Shanghai, China.
| | - Christopher Heeschen
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Pancreatic Cancer Heterogeneity, Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy; South Chongqing Road 227, Shanghai, China.
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Ma G, Wang J, Fu J, Chen R, Liang M, Li M, Xia T, Liu X, Wang S. Heterogeneous circulating tumor cells correlate with responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and prognosis in patients with locally advanced breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023:10.1007/s10549-023-06942-y. [PMID: 37311933 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-06942-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) is the standard treatment for patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). The predictive value of heterogeneous circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in NCT response has not been determined. All patients were staged as LABC, and blood samples were collected at the time of biopsy, and after the first and eighth NCT courses. Patients were divided into High responders (High-R) and Low responders (Low-R) according to Miller-Payne system and changes in Ki-67 levels after NCT treatment. A novel SE-i·FISH strategy was applied to detect CTCs. Heterogeneities were successfully analyzed in patients undergoing NCT. Total CTCs increased continuously and were higher in Low-R group, while in High-R group, CTCs increased slightly during NCT before returning to baseline levels. Triploid and tetraploid chromosome 8 increased in Low-R but not High-R group. The number of small CTCs in Low-R group increased significantly until the last sample, however, remained constant in High-R group. The patients with more CTCs had shorter PFS and OS than those with less CTCs after the eighth course of NCT. Total CTCs following NCT could predict patients' responses. More detailed characterizations of CTC blood profiles may improve predictive capacity and treatments of LABC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guang-Zhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 Xinglong Lane, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Jingyue Fu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guang-Zhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guang-Zhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Mengdi Liang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guang-Zhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guang-Zhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Tiansong Xia
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guang-Zhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Xiaoan Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guang-Zhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Shui Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guang-Zhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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37
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Poles M, Meggiolaro A, Cremaschini S, Marinello F, Filippi D, Pierno M, Mistura G, Ferraro D. Shaking Device for Homogeneous Dispersion of Magnetic Beads in Droplet Microfluidics. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:5399. [PMID: 37420565 PMCID: PMC10304097 DOI: 10.3390/s23125399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic beads (or particles) having a size between 1 and 5 µm are largely used in many biochemical assays devoted to both purification and quantification of cells, nucleic acids, or proteins. Unfortunately, the use of these beads within microfluidic devices suffers from natural precipitation because of their size and density. The strategies applied thus far to cells or polymeric particles cannot be extended to magnetic beads, mainly due to their magnetization and their higher densities. We report an effective shaking device capable of preventing the sedimentation of beads that are stored in a custom PCR tube. After the characterization of the operating principle, the device is validated for magnetic beads in droplets, leading to an equal distribution between the droplets, barely affecting their generation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Davide Ferraro
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padua, Italy
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38
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Chen H, Osman SY, Moose DL, Vanneste M, Anderson JL, Henry MD, Anand RK. Quantification of capture efficiency, purity, and single-cell isolation in the recovery of circulating melanoma cells from peripheral blood by dielectrophoresis. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:2586-2600. [PMID: 37185977 PMCID: PMC10228177 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc01113a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a dielectrophoretic method for selection of circulating melanoma cells (CMCs), which lack reliable identifying surface antigens and are extremely rare in blood. This platform captures CMCs individually by dielectrophoresis (DEP) at an array of wireless bipolar electrodes (BPEs) aligned to overlying nanoliter-scale chambers, which isolate each cell for subsequent on-chip single-cell analysis. To determine the best conditions to employ for CMC isolation in this DEP-BPE platform, the static and dynamic dielectrophoretic response of established melanoma cell lines, melanoma cells from patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were evaluated as a function of frequency using two established DEP platforms. Further, PBMCs derived from patients with advanced melanoma were compared with those from healthy controls. The results of this evaluation reveal that each DEP method requires a distinct frequency to achieve capture of melanoma cells and that the distribution of dielectric properties of PBMCs is more broadly varied in and among patients versus healthy controls. Based on this evaluation, we conclude that 50 kHz provides the highest capture efficiency on our DEP-BPE platform while maintaining a low rate of capture of unwanted PBMCs. We further quantified the efficiency of single-cell capture on the DEP-BPE platform and found that the efficiency diminished beyond around 25% chamber occupancy, thereby informing the minimum array size that is required. Importantly, the capture efficiency of the DEP-BPE platform for melanoma cells when using optimized conditions matched the performance predicted by our analysis. Finally, isolation of melanoma cells from contrived (spike-in) and clinical samples on our platform using optimized conditions was demonstrated. The capture and individual isolation of CMCs, confirmed by post-capture labeling, from patient-derived samples suggests the potential of this platform for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
| | - Sommer Y Osman
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
| | - Devon L Moose
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Marion Vanneste
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jared L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
| | - Michael D Henry
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Pathology, Urology and Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Robbyn K Anand
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
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Cha J, Cho H, Chung JS, Park JS, Han KH. Effective Circulating Tumor Cell Isolation Using Epithelial and Mesenchymal Markers in Prostate and Pancreatic Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2825. [PMID: 37345161 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) display antigenic heterogeneity between epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes. However, most current CTC isolation methods rely on EpCAM (epithelial cell adhesion molecule) antibodies. This study introduces a more efficient CTC isolation technique utilizing both EpCAM and vimentin (mesenchymal cell marker) antibodies, alongside a lateral magnetophoretic microseparator. The effectiveness of this approach was assessed by isolating CTCs from prostate (n = 17) and pancreatic (n = 5) cancer patients using EpCAM alone, vimentin alone, and both antibodies together. Prostate cancer patients showed an average of 13.29, 11.13, and 27.95 CTCs/mL isolated using EpCAM alone, vimentin alone, and both antibodies, respectively. For pancreatic cancer patients, the averages were 1.50, 3.44, and 10.82 CTCs/mL with EpCAM alone, vimentin alone, and both antibodies, respectively. Combining antibodies more than doubled CTC isolation compared to single antibodies. Interestingly, EpCAM antibodies were more effective for localized prostate cancer, while vimentin antibodies excelled in metastatic prostate cancer isolation. Moreover, vimentin antibodies outperformed EpCAM antibodies for all pancreatic cancer patients. These results highlight that using both epithelial and mesenchymal antibodies with the lateral magnetophoretic microseparator significantly enhances CTC isolation efficiency, and that antibody choice may vary depending on cancer type and stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Cha
- Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, Center for Nano Manufacturing, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungseok Cho
- Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, Center for Nano Manufacturing, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seung Chung
- Department of Urology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan 48108, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Seong Park
- Pancreatobiliary Cancer Clinic, Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06229, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Ho Han
- Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, Center for Nano Manufacturing, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea
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40
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Hebert JD, Neal JW, Winslow MM. Dissecting metastasis using preclinical models and methods. Nat Rev Cancer 2023; 23:391-407. [PMID: 37138029 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00568-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis has long been understood to lead to the overwhelming majority of cancer-related deaths. However, our understanding of the metastatic process, and thus our ability to prevent or eliminate metastases, remains frustratingly limited. This is largely due to the complexity of metastasis, which is a multistep process that likely differs across cancer types and is greatly influenced by many aspects of the in vivo microenvironment. In this Review, we discuss the key variables to consider when designing assays to study metastasis: which source of metastatic cancer cells to use and where to introduce them into mice to address different questions of metastasis biology. We also examine methods that are being used to interrogate specific steps of the metastatic cascade in mouse models, as well as emerging techniques that may shed new light on previously inscrutable aspects of metastasis. Finally, we explore approaches for developing and using anti-metastatic therapies, and how mouse models can be used to test them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jess D Hebert
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joel W Neal
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Monte M Winslow
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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41
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Brett JO, Dubash TD, Johnson GN, Niemierko A, Mariotti V, Kim LS, Xi J, Pandey A, Dunne S, Nasrazadani A, Lloyd MR, Kambadakone A, Spring LM, Micalizzi DS, Onozato ML, Che D, Nayar U, Brufsky A, Kalinsky K, Ma CX, O'Shaughnessy J, Han HS, Iafrate AJ, Ryan LY, Juric D, Moy B, Ellisen LW, Maheswaran S, Wagle N, Haber DA, Bardia A, Wander SA. A Gene Panel Associated With Abemaciclib Utility in ESR1-Mutated Breast Cancer After Prior Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6-Inhibitor Progression. JCO Precis Oncol 2023; 7:e2200532. [PMID: 37141550 PMCID: PMC10530719 DOI: 10.1200/po.22.00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE For patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) metastatic breast cancer (MBC), first-line treatment is endocrine therapy (ET) plus cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibition (CDK4/6i). After disease progression, which often comes with ESR1 resistance mutations (ESR1-MUT), which therapies to use next and for which patients are open questions. An active area of exploration is treatment with further CDK4/6i, particularly abemaciclib, which has distinct pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties compared with the other approved CDK4/6 inhibitors, palbociclib and ribociclib. We investigated a gene panel to prognosticate abemaciclib susceptibility in patients with ESR1-MUT MBC after palbociclib progression. METHODS We examined a multicenter retrospective cohort of patients with ESR1-MUT MBC who received abemaciclib after disease progression on ET plus palbociclib. We generated a panel of CDK4/6i resistance genes and compared abemaciclib progression-free survival (PFS) in patients without versus with mutations in this panel (CDKi-R[-] v CDKi-R[+]). We studied how ESR1-MUT and CDKi-R mutations affect abemaciclib sensitivity of immortalized breast cancer cells and patient-derived circulating tumor cell lines in culture. RESULTS In ESR1-MUT MBC with disease progression on ET plus palbociclib, the median PFS was 7.0 months for CDKi-R(-) (n = 17) versus 3.5 months for CDKi-R(+) (n = 11), with a hazard ratio of 2.8 (P = .03). In vitro, CDKi-R alterations but not ESR1-MUT induced abemaciclib resistance in immortalized breast cancer cells and were associated with resistance in circulating tumor cells. CONCLUSION For ESR1-MUT MBC with resistance to ET and palbociclib, PFS on abemaciclib is longer for patients with CDKi-R(-) than CDKi-R(+). Although a small and retrospective data set, this is the first demonstration of a genomic panel associated with abemaciclib sensitivity in the postpalbociclib setting. Future directions include testing and improving this panel in additional data sets, to guide therapy selection for patients with HR+/HER2- MBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie O. Brett
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Taronish D. Dubash
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Andrzej Niemierko
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Leslie S.L. Kim
- Baylor University Medical Center Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Texas Oncology, Dallas, TX
| | - Jing Xi
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Apurva Pandey
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Siobhan Dunne
- Baylor University Medical Center Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Texas Oncology, Dallas, TX
| | - Azadeh Nasrazadani
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Maxwell R. Lloyd
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Avinash Kambadakone
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Laura M. Spring
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Douglas S. Micalizzi
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Maristela L. Onozato
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Dante Che
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Utthara Nayar
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Adam Brufsky
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Kevin Kalinsky
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
- Emory University Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA
| | - Cynthia X. Ma
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Joyce O'Shaughnessy
- Baylor University Medical Center Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Texas Oncology, Dallas, TX
| | | | - Anthony J. Iafrate
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lianne Y. Ryan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Dejan Juric
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Beverly Moy
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Leif W. Ellisen
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shyamala Maheswaran
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nikhil Wagle
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel A. Haber
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Aditya Bardia
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Seth A. Wander
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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42
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Wang J, Meng X, Yu M, Li X, Chen Z, Wang R, Fang J. A novel microfluidic system for enrichment of functional circulating tumor cells in cancer patient blood samples by combining cell size and invasiveness. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 227:115159. [PMID: 36841114 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
A highly invasive subpopulation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may constitute seeds for metastases, which are therefore considered functional CTCs. However, there are few effective strategies to detect CTCs based on invasive phenotypes. Herein, we focused on functional CTCs with high invasiveness and designed an integrated microfluidic system to differentiate the invasive potential of CTCs for more accurate metastasis prediction. By combining size-based enrichment and invasiveness-based analysis, the system managed to continuously remove most hemocytes by 8 μm gaps and analyze the invasiveness of the enriched CTCs by Matrigel loading. In addition to a device, a single pump and a Petri dish were included to provide an FBS gradient for driving cell invasion and maintain a long-term cell culture. The system successfully identified functional CTCs derived from different types of cancer patients, including colorectal, kidney and bladder cancer patients, using whole blood without any sample pretreatment process. Within 28 cases of colorectal cancer patients, functional CTCs were detected in 61.54% of patients with metastases, along with stronger invasiveness evaluated by migration/invasion distance than those from patients without metastases (P < 0.05). Furthermore, one bladder cancer patient was diagnosed with recurrence six months after detection, indicating the excellent value for cancer metastases prediction. In addition, great phenotypic heterogeneity of CTCs was also observed at the single-cell level, including invasion, proliferation and dormancy, which provided an effective strategy for metastasis prediction based on CTC function as a single cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Xianmeng Meng
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, No. 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110042, PR China
| | - Zhezhou Chen
- Department of Emergency Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Shenyang, No. 67 Qingquan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110041, PR China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Jin Fang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China.
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43
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Qi D, Li J, Quarles CC, Fonkem E, Wu E. Assessment and prediction of glioblastoma therapy response: challenges and opportunities. Brain 2023; 146:1281-1298. [PMID: 36445396 PMCID: PMC10319779 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive type of primary adult brain tumour. The median survival of patients with glioblastoma remains approximately 15 months, and the 5-year survival rate is <10%. Current treatment options are limited, and the standard of care has remained relatively constant since 2011. Over the last decade, a range of different treatment regimens have been investigated with very limited success. Tumour recurrence is almost inevitable with the current treatment strategies, as glioblastoma tumours are highly heterogeneous and invasive. Additionally, another challenging issue facing patients with glioblastoma is how to distinguish between tumour progression and treatment effects, especially when relying on routine diagnostic imaging techniques in the clinic. The specificity of routine imaging for identifying tumour progression early or in a timely manner is poor due to the appearance similarity of post-treatment effects. Here, we concisely describe the current status and challenges in the assessment and early prediction of therapy response and the early detection of tumour progression or recurrence. We also summarize and discuss studies of advanced approaches such as quantitative imaging, liquid biomarker discovery and machine intelligence that hold exceptional potential to aid in the therapy monitoring of this malignancy and early prediction of therapy response, which may decisively transform the conventional detection methods in the era of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX 76502, USA
| | - Jing Li
- School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - C Chad Quarles
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Ekokobe Fonkem
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX 76502, USA
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Erxi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX 76502, USA
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Oncology and LIVESTRONG Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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44
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Onoshima D, Hase T, Kihara N, Kuboyama D, Tanaka H, Ozawa N, Yukawa H, Sato M, Ishikawa K, Hasegawa Y, Ishii M, Hori M, Baba Y. Leukocyte Depletion and Size-Based Enrichment of Circulating Tumor Cells Using a Pressure-Sensing Microfiltration Device. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2023; 3:113-119. [PMID: 37090261 PMCID: PMC10120030 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.2c00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Considering the challenges in isolating circulating tumor cells (CTCs) pertaining to cellular stress and purity, we report the application of a blood microfiltration device as an optimal approach for noninvasive liquid biopsy to target CTCs. We experimentally analyzed the filtration behavior of the microfilter using pressure sensing to separate tumor cells from leukocytes in whole blood. This approach achieved an average recovery of >96% of the spiked tumor cells and depletion of >99% of total leukocytes. Furthermore, we carried out genomic profiling of the CTCs using the blood microfiltration device. The method was also applied in a clinical setting; DNA amplification was performed using a small number of microfiltered CTCs and epidermal growth factor receptor mutations were successfully detected to characterize the efficacy of molecularly targeted drugs against lung cancer. Overall, the proposed method can provide a tool for evaluating efficient filtration pressure to concentrate CTCs from whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Onoshima
- Institute
of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tetsunari Hase
- Department
of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University
Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Naoto Kihara
- AGC
Inc., Marunouchi 1-5-1, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8405, Japan
| | - Daiki Kuboyama
- Department
of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- Division
of Host Defense Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Daikominami 1-1-20, Higashi-ku, Nagoya 461-8673, Japan
| | - Naoya Ozawa
- Department
of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University
Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yukawa
- Institute
of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Department
of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Center for
Low-Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya
University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Sato
- Division
of Host Defense Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Daikominami 1-1-20, Higashi-ku, Nagoya 461-8673, Japan
| | - Kenji Ishikawa
- Center for
Low-Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya
University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hasegawa
- Department
of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University
Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
- National
Hospital Organization, Nagoya Medical Center, 4-1-1, Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya 460-0001, Japan
| | - Makoto Ishii
- Department
of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University
Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masaru Hori
- Center for
Low-Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya
University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Baba
- Institute
of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Department
of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Institute
of Quantum Life Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology
(QST), Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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45
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Zhou J, Vorobyeva A, Luan Q, Papautsky I. Single Cell Analysis of Inertial Migration by Circulating Tumor Cells and Clusters. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:787. [PMID: 37421020 DOI: 10.3390/mi14040787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell analysis provides a wealth of information regarding the molecular landscape of the tumor cells responding to extracellular stimulations, which has greatly advanced the research in cancer biology. In this work, we adapt such a concept for the analysis of inertial migration of cells and clusters, which is promising for cancer liquid biopsy, by isolation and detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and CTC clusters. Using high-speed camera tracking live individual tumor cells and cell clusters, the behavior of inertial migration was profiled in unprecedented detail. We found that inertial migration is heterogeneous spatially, depending on the initial cross-sectional location. The lateral migration velocity peaks at about 25% of the channel width away from the sidewalls for both single cells and clusters. More importantly, while the doublets of the cell clusters migrate significantly faster than single cells (~two times faster), cell triplets unexpectedly have similar migration velocities to doublets, which seemingly disagrees with the size-dependent nature of inertial migration. Further analysis indicates that the cluster shape or format (for example, triplets can be in string format or triangle format) plays a significant role in the migration of more complex cell clusters. We found that the migration velocity of a string triplet is statistically comparable to that of a single cell while the triangle triplets can migrate slightly faster than doublets, suggesting that size-based sorting of cells and clusters can be challenging depending on the cluster format. Undoubtedly, these new findings need to be considered in the translation of inertial microfluidic technology for CTC cluster detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- UI Cancer Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Alexandra Vorobyeva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Qiyue Luan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Ian Papautsky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- UI Cancer Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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46
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Woo HJ, Kim SH, Kang HG, Kim T, Kim S, Kim JM, Kim JY, Lee SJ, Kim YZ, Oh SY, Lim JH, Ryu HM, Kim MS. Lossless Immunocytochemistry Based on Large-Scale Porous Hydrogel Pellicle for Accurate Rare Cell Analysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:15059-15070. [PMID: 36809905 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Rare cells, such as circulating tumor cells or circulating fetal cells, provide important information for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer and prenatal diagnosis. Since undercounting only a few cells can lead to significant misdiagnosis and incorrect decisions in subsequent treatment, it is crucial to minimize cell loss, particularly for rare cells. Moreover, the morphological and genetic information on cells should be preserved as intact as possible for downstream analysis. The conventional immunocytochemistry (ICC), however, fails to meet these requirements, causing unexpected cell loss and deformation of the cell organelles which may mislead the classification of benign and malignant cells. In this study, a novel ICC technique for preparing lossless cellular specimens was developed to improve the diagnostic accuracy of rare cell analysis and analyze intact cellular morphology. To this end, a robust and reproducible porous hydrogel pellicle was developed. This hydrogel encapsulates cells to minimize cell loss from the repeated exchange of reagents and prevent cell deformation. The soft hydrogel pellicle allows stable and intact cell picking for further downstream analysis, which is difficult with conventional ICC methods that permanently immobilize cells. The lossless ICC platform will pave the way for robust and precise rare cell analysis toward clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Jung Woo
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hyun Gyu Kang
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehoon Kim
- CTCELLS Inc., Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeol Kim
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jae Young Kim
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Young Zoon Kim
- Division of Neuro-oncology and Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon 51353, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Oh
- Oncology & Hematology Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyae Lim
- Smart MEC Healthcare R&D Center, CHA Future Medicine Research Institute, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Mee Ryu
- Smart MEC Healthcare R&D Center, CHA Future Medicine Research Institute, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok S Kim
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
- CTCELLS Inc., Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
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47
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Broeren S, Pereira IF, Wang T, den Toonder J, Wang Y. On-demand microfluidic mixing by actuating integrated magnetic microwalls. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1524-1530. [PMID: 36756973 PMCID: PMC10013339 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc01168a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Various types of passive and active micromixers have been successfully developed to address the problem of mixing in microfluidic devices. However, many applications do not need fluids to be mixed at all times, or indeed require mixing to be turned on and off at will. Achieving such on-demand mixing is not feasible for passive mixers, particularly when the flow rate cannot be used as a control parameter. On the other hand, active mixers are usually not designed to be able to turn mixing off completely, and they often have complicated fabrication processes and special operation requirements, limiting the range of applications. In this work, we demonstrate an on-demand micromixer based on the actuation of magnetic microwalls. These are made by replica micromoulding and can be easily integrated within commercial microfluidic devices, such as the ibidi® 3-in-1 μ-Slide. Using a simple magnet, the microwalls can be actuated between a fully upright 'on' state, which turns on mixing by creating a meandering path in the main channel, and a fully collapsed 'off' state, which completely turns off mixing by opening up the channel leaving it unobstructed. Besides the increase in path length when the microwalls are activated, inertia effects also play a significant role for mixing due to the tight bends in the meandering flow path. We quantify the mixing effect using coloured fluids of different viscosities and at different flow rates, and we show that the microwalls can effectively enhance mixing across a wide range of operational conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stef Broeren
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Inês Figueiredo Pereira
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tongsheng Wang
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap den Toonder
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ye Wang
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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48
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Mohamed BM, Ward MP, Bates M, Spillane CD, Kelly T, Martin C, Gallagher M, Heffernan S, Norris L, Kennedy J, Saadeh FA, Gleeson N, Brooks DA, Brooks RD, Selemidis S, O'Toole S, O'Leary JJ. Ex vivo expansion of circulating tumour cells (CTCs). Sci Rep 2023; 13:3704. [PMID: 36879003 PMCID: PMC9988863 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30733-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are a critical intermediate step in the process of cancer metastasis. The reliability of CTC isolation/purification has limited both the potential to report on metastatic progression and the development of CTCs as targets for therapeutic intervention. Here we report a new methodology, which optimises the culture conditions for CTCs using primary cancer cells as a model system. We exploited the known biology that CTCs thrive in hypoxic conditions, with their survival and proliferation being reliant on the activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α). We isolated epithelial-like and quasi-mesenchymal CTC phenotypes from the blood of a cancer patient and successfully cultured these cells for more than 8 weeks. The presence of CTC clusters was required to establish and maintain long-term cultures. This novel methodology for the long-term culture of CTCs will aid in the development of downstream applications, including CTC theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashir M Mohamed
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. .,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Mark P Ward
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Mark Bates
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Cathy D Spillane
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Tanya Kelly
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Cara Martin
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Michael Gallagher
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Sheena Heffernan
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Lucy Norris
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Kennedy
- HOPE Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Feras Abu Saadeh
- Division of Gynaecological Oncology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Noreen Gleeson
- Division of Gynaecological Oncology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Doug A Brooks
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland.,Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Robert D Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Stavros Selemidis
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Sharon O'Toole
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland
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49
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Fox DB, Ebright RY, Hong X, Russell HC, Guo H, LaSalle TJ, Wittner BS, Poux N, Vuille JA, Toner M, Hacohen N, Boland GM, Sen DR, Sullivan RJ, Maheswaran S, Haber DA. Downregulation of KEAP1 in melanoma promotes resistance to immune checkpoint blockade. NPJ Precis Oncol 2023; 7:25. [PMID: 36864091 PMCID: PMC9981575 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00362-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has demonstrated efficacy in patients with melanoma, but many exhibit poor responses. Using single cell RNA sequencing of melanoma patient-derived circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and functional characterization using mouse melanoma models, we show that the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway modulates sensitivity to ICB, independently of tumorigenesis. The NRF2 negative regulator, KEAP1, shows intrinsic variation in expression, leading to tumor heterogeneity and subclonal resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Fox
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Richard Y Ebright
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Xin Hong
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hunter C Russell
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Hongshan Guo
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Thomas J LaSalle
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ben S Wittner
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Nicolas Poux
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Joanna A Vuille
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Mehmet Toner
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Genevieve M Boland
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Debattama R Sen
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ryan J Sullivan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Shyamala Maheswaran
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Daniel A Haber
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20815, USA.
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50
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Rapid metabolomic screening of cancer cells via high-throughput static droplet microfluidics. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 223:114966. [PMID: 36580816 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Effective isolation and in-depth analysis of Circulating Tumour Cells (CTCs) are greatly needed in diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of the therapeutic response of cancer patients but have not been completely fulfilled by conventional approaches. The rarity of CTCs and the lack of reliable biomarkers to distinguish them from peripheral blood cells have remained outstanding challenges for their clinical implementation. Herein, we developed a high throughput Static Droplet Microfluidic (SDM) device with 38,400 chambers, capable of isolating and classifying the number of metabolically active CTCs in peripheral blood at single-cell resolution. Owing to the miniaturisation and compartmentalisation capability of our device, we first demonstrated the ability to precisely measure the lactate production of different types of cancer cells inside 125 pL droplets at single-cell resolution. Furthermore, we compared the metabolomic activity of leukocytes from healthy donors to cancer cells and showed the ability to differentiate them. To further prove the clinical relevance, we spiked cancer cell lines in human healthy blood and showed the possibility to detect the cancer cells from leukocytes. Lastly, we tested the workflow on 8 preclinical mammary mouse models including syngeneic 67NR (non-metastatic) and 4T1.2 (metastatic) models with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) as well as transgenic mouses (12-week-old MMTV-PyMT). The results have shown the ability to precisely distinguish metabolically active CTCs from the blood using the proposed SDM device. The workflow is simple and robust which can eliminate the need for specialised equipment and expertise required for single-cell analysis of CTCs and facilitate on-site metabolic screening of cancer cells.
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