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Williams D, Glasstetter LM, Jong TT, Kapoor A, Zhu S, Zhu Y, Gehrlein A, Vocadlo DJ, Jagasia R, Marugan JJ, Sidransky E, Henderson MJ, Chen Y. Development of quantitative high-throughput screening assays to identify, validate, and optimize small-molecule stabilizers of misfolded β-glucocerebrosidase with therapeutic potential for Gaucher disease and Parkinson's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.22.586364. [PMID: 38712038 PMCID: PMC11071283 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.22.586364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Glucocerebrosidase (GCase) is implicated in both a rare, monogenic disorder (Gaucher disease, GD) and a common, multifactorial condition (Parkinson's disease); hence, it is an urgent therapeutic target. To identify correctors of severe protein misfolding and trafficking obstruction manifested by the pathogenic L444P-variant of GCase, we developed a suite of quantitative, high-throughput, cell-based assays. First, we labeled GCase with a small pro-luminescent HiBiT peptide reporter tag, enabling quantitation of protein stabilization in cells while faithfully maintaining target biology. TALEN-based gene editing allowed for stable integration of a single HiBiT-GBA1 transgene into an intragenic safe-harbor locus in GBA1-knockout H4 (neuroglioma) cells. This GD cell model was amenable to lead discovery via titration-based quantitative high-throughput screening and lead optimization via structure-activity relationships. A primary screen of 10,779 compounds from the NCATS bioactive collections identified 140 stabilizers of HiBiT-GCase-L444P, including both pharmacological chaperones (ambroxol and non-inhibitory chaperone NCGC326) and proteostasis regulators (panobinostat, trans-ISRIB, and pladienolide B). Two complementary high-content imaging-based assays were deployed to triage hits: the fluorescence-quenched substrate LysoFix-GBA captured functional lysosomal GCase activity, while an immunofluorescence assay featuring antibody hGCase-1/23 provided direct visualization of GCase lysosomal translocation. NCGC326 was active in both secondary assays and completely reversed pathological glucosylsphingosine accumulation. Finally, we tested the concept of combination therapy, by demonstrating synergistic actions of NCGC326 with proteostasis regulators in enhancing GCase-L444P levels. Looking forward, these physiologically-relevant assays can facilitate the identification, pharmacological validation, and medicinal chemistry optimization of new chemical matter targeting GCase, ultimately leading to a viable therapeutic for two protein-misfolding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darian Williams
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Logan M. Glasstetter
- Molecular Neurogenetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Tiffany T. Jong
- Molecular Neurogenetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Abhijeet Kapoor
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Sha Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Yanping Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Alexandra Gehrlein
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - David J. Vocadlo
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Ravi Jagasia
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Juan J. Marugan
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- Molecular Neurogenetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Mark J. Henderson
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Yu Chen
- Molecular Neurogenetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Hertz E, Glasstetter LM, Chen Y, Sidransky E. New tools can propel research in lysosomal storage diseases. Mol Genet Metab 2023; 140:107729. [PMID: 37951057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2023.107729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Historically, the clinical manifestations of lysosomal storage diseases offered an early glimpse into the essential digestive functions of the lysosome. However, it was only recently that the more subtle role of this organelle in the dynamic regulation of multiple cellular processes was appreciated. With the need for precise interrogation of lysosomal interplay in health and disease comes the demand for more sophisticated functional tools. This demand has recently been met with 1) induced pluripotent stem cell-derived models that recapitulate the disease phenotype in vitro, 2) methods for lysosome affinity purification coupled with downstream omics analysis that provide a high-resolution snapshot of lysosomal alterations, and 3) gene editing and CRISPR/Cas9-based functional genomic strategies that enable screening for genetic modifiers of the disease phenotype. These emerging methods have garnered much interest in the field of neurodegeneration, and their use in the field of metabolic disorders is now also steadily gaining momentum. Looking forward, these robust tools should accelerate basic science efforts to understand lysosomal dysfunction distal to substrate accumulation and provide translational opportunities to identify disease-modifying therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Hertz
- Molecular Neurogenetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Logan M Glasstetter
- Molecular Neurogenetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Molecular Neurogenetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- Molecular Neurogenetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Banerjee D, Ivanova MM, Celik N, Kim MH, Derman ID, Limgala RP, Ozbolat IT, Goker-Alpan O. Biofabrication of an in-vitrobone model for Gaucher disease. Biofabrication 2023; 15:045023. [PMID: 37703870 PMCID: PMC10515412 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/acf95a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD), the most prevalent lysosomal disorder, is caused byGBA1gene mutations, leading to deficiency of glucocerebrosidase, and accumulation of glycosphingolipids in cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system. While skeletal diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and reduced quality of life in GD, the pathophysiology of bone involvement is not yet fully understood, partly due to lack of relevant human model systems. In this work, we present the first 3D human model of GD using aspiration-assisted freeform bioprinting, which enables a platform tool with a potential for decoding the cellular basis of the developmental bone abnormalities in GD. In this regard, human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (obtained commercially) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from a cohort of GD patients, at different severities, were co-cultured to form spheroids and differentiated into osteoblast and osteoclast lineages, respectively. Co-differentiated spheroids were then 3D bioprinted into rectangular tissue patches as a bone tissue model for GD. The results revealed positive alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartrate-resistant ALP activities, with multi-nucleated cells demonstrating the efficacy of the model, corroborating with gene expression studies. There were no significant changes in differentiation to osteogenic cells but pronounced morphological deformities in spheroid formation, more evident in the 'severe' cohort, were observed. Overall, the presented GD model has the potential to be adapted to personalized medicine not only for understanding the GD pathophysiology but also for personalized drug screening and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dishary Banerjee
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Margarita M Ivanova
- Lysosomal & Rare Disorders Research & Treatment Center—LDRTC, Fairfax, VA, United States of America
| | - Nazmiye Celik
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Myoung Hwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Irem Deniz Derman
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Renuka Pudi Limgala
- Lysosomal & Rare Disorders Research & Treatment Center—LDRTC, Fairfax, VA, United States of America
| | - Ibrahim T Ozbolat
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America
- Medical Oncology, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
- Biotechnology Research and Application Center, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Goker-Alpan
- Lysosomal & Rare Disorders Research & Treatment Center—LDRTC, Fairfax, VA, United States of America
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Ramalingam S, Kumar A, Krug S, Mohan H, Rao DN, Bishai WR, Chandrasegaran S. CRISPR Correction of the GBA Mutation in Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Restores Normal Function to Gaucher Macrophages and Increases Their Susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:777-782. [PMID: 37159513 PMCID: PMC10686692 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase) GBA gene, which result in macrophage dysfunction. CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) editing of the homozygous L444P (1448T→C) GBA mutation in type 2 GD (GBA-/-) human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) yielded both heterozygous (GBA+/-) and homozygous (GBA+/+) isogenic lines. Macrophages derived from GBA-/-, GBA+/- and GBA+/+ hiPSCs showed that GBA mutation correction restores normal macrophage functions: GCase activity, motility, and phagocytosis. Furthermore, infection of GBA-/-, GBA+/- and GBA+/+ macrophages with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain showed that impaired mobility and phagocytic activity were correlated with reduced levels of bacterial engulfment and replication suggesting that GD may be protective against tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaprakash Ramalingam
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Medicine/Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stefanie Krug
- Department of Medicine/Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Harikrishnan Mohan
- Pondicherry Biotech Private Limited, Pondicherry Engineering College Campus, Puducherry, India
| | - Desirazu N Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - William R Bishai
- Department of Medicine/Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Srinivasan Chandrasegaran
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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5
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Huh YE, Usnich T, Scherzer CR, Klein C, Chung SJ. GBA1 Variants and Parkinson's Disease: Paving the Way for Targeted Therapy. J Mov Disord 2023; 16:261-278. [PMID: 37302978 PMCID: PMC10548077 DOI: 10.14802/jmd.23023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucosylceramidase beta 1 (GBA1) variants have attracted enormous attention as the most promising and important genetic candidates for precision medicine in Parkinson's disease (PD). A substantial correlation between GBA1 genotypes and PD phenotypes could inform the prediction of disease progression and promote the development of a preventive intervention for individuals at a higher risk of a worse disease prognosis. Moreover, the GBA1-regulated pathway provides new perspectives on the pathogenesis of PD, such as dysregulated sphingolipid metabolism, impaired protein quality control, and disrupted endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi trafficking. These perspectives have led to the development of novel disease-modifying therapies for PD targeting the GBA1-regulated pathway by repositioning treatment strategies for Gaucher's disease. This review summarizes the current hypotheses on a mechanistic link between GBA1 variants and PD and possible therapeutic options for modulating GBA1-regulated pathways in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Eun Huh
- Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Tatiana Usnich
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck and University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Clemens R. Scherzer
- Advanced Center for Parkinson’s Disease Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Precision Neurology Program, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck and University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sun Ju Chung
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Usenko T, Bezrukova A, Rudenok MM, Basharova K, Shadrina MI, Slominsky PA, Zakharova E, Pchelina S. Whole Transcriptome Analysis of Substantia Nigra in Mice with MPTP-Induced Parkinsonism Bearing Defective Glucocerebrosidase Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12164. [PMID: 37569538 PMCID: PMC10418497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the GBA1 gene represent the major genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). The lysosomal enzyme beta-glucocerebrosidase (GCase) encoded by the GBA1 gene participates in both the endolysosomal pathway and the immune response. Disruption of these mechanisms is involved in PD pathogenesis. However, molecular mechanisms of PD associated with GBA1 mutations (GBA-PD) are unknown today in particular due to the partial penetrance of GBA1 variants in PD. The modifiers of GBA1 penetrance have not been elucidated. We characterized the transcriptomic profiles of cells from the substantia nigra (SN) of mice with co-injection with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and selective inhibitor of GCase activity (conduritol-β-epoxide, (CBE)) to mimic PD bearing GCase dysfunction (MPTP+CBE), mice treated with MPTP, mice treated with CBE and control mice treated with injection of sodium chloride (NaCl) (vehicle). Differential expression analysis, pathway enrichment analysis, and outlier detection were performed. Functional clustering of differentially represented transcripts revealed more processes associated with the functioning of neurogenesis, inflammation, apoptosis and autophagy in MPTP+CBE and MPTP mice than in vehicle mice, with a more pronounced alteration of autophagy processes in MPTP+CBE mice than in MPTP mice. The PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway may be considered a potential target for therapy in PD with GCase dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Usenko
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (T.U.); (A.B.); (K.B.); (S.P.)
- Department of Molecular Genetic and Nanobiological Technologies, Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia Bezrukova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (T.U.); (A.B.); (K.B.); (S.P.)
- Department of Molecular Genetic and Nanobiological Technologies, Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Margarita M. Rudenok
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (M.M.R.); (M.I.S.); (P.A.S.)
| | - Katerina Basharova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (T.U.); (A.B.); (K.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Maria I. Shadrina
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (M.M.R.); (M.I.S.); (P.A.S.)
| | - Petr A. Slominsky
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (M.M.R.); (M.I.S.); (P.A.S.)
| | - Ekaterina Zakharova
- Research Center for Medical Genetics, Laboratory of Hereditary Metabolic Diseases, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sofya Pchelina
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (T.U.); (A.B.); (K.B.); (S.P.)
- Department of Molecular Genetic and Nanobiological Technologies, Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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Ormazabal ME, Pavan E, Vaena E, Ferino D, Biasizzo J, Mucci JM, Serra F, Cifù A, Scarpa M, Rozenfeld PA, Dardis AE. Exploring the Pathophysiologic Cascade Leading to Osteoclastogenic Activation in Gaucher Disease Monocytes Generated via CRISPR/Cas9 Technology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11204. [PMID: 37446383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the acid β-glucosidase gene (GBA1), leading to a deficiency in the β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase) enzyme activity resulting in the intracellular accumulation of sphingolipids. Skeletal alterations are one of the most disabling features in GD patients. Although both defective bone formation and increased bone resorption due to osteoblast and osteoclast dysfunction contribute to GD bone pathology, the molecular bases are not fully understood, and bone disease is not completely resolved with currently available specific therapies. For this reason, using editing technology, our group has developed a reliable, isogenic, and easy-to-handle cellular model of GD monocytes (GBAKO-THP1) to facilitate GD pathophysiology studies and high-throughput drug screenings. In this work, we further characterized the model showing an increase in proinflammatory cytokines (Interleukin-1β and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α) release and activation of osteoclastogenesis. Furthermore, our data suggest that GD monocytes would display an increased osteoclastogenic potential, independent of their interaction with the GD microenvironment or other GD cells. Both proinflammatory cytokine production and osteoclastogenesis were restored at least, in part, by treating cells with the recombinant human GCase, a substrate synthase inhibitor, a pharmacological chaperone, and an anti-inflammatory compound. Besides confirming that this model would be suitable to perform high-throughput screening of therapeutic molecules that act via different mechanisms and on different phenotypic features, our data provided insights into the pathogenic cascade, leading to osteoclastogenesis exacerbation and its contribution to bone pathology in GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano Emanuel Ormazabal
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, Academic Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), UNLP, CONICET, Asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Eleonora Pavan
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, Academic Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Emilio Vaena
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), UNLP, CONICET, Asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Dania Ferino
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Jessica Biasizzo
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Juan Marcos Mucci
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), UNLP, CONICET, Asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Fabrizio Serra
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, Academic Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Adriana Cifù
- Dipartimento di Area Medica, Università degli Studi di Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Maurizio Scarpa
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, Academic Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Paula Adriana Rozenfeld
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), UNLP, CONICET, Asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Andrea Elena Dardis
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, Academic Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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8
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Placci M, Giannotti MI, Muro S. Polymer-based drug delivery systems under investigation for enzyme replacement and other therapies of lysosomal storage disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 197:114683. [PMID: 36657645 PMCID: PMC10629597 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes play a central role in cellular homeostasis and alterations in this compartment associate with many diseases. The most studied example is that of lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs), a group of 60 + maladies due to genetic mutations affecting lysosomal components, mostly enzymes. This leads to aberrant intracellular storage of macromolecules, altering normal cell function and causing multiorgan syndromes, often fatal within the first years of life. Several treatment modalities are available for a dozen LSDs, mostly consisting of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) strategies. Yet, poor biodistribution to main targets such as the central nervous system, musculoskeletal tissue, and others, as well as generation of blocking antibodies and adverse effects hinder effective LSD treatment. Drug delivery systems are being studied to surmount these obstacles, including polymeric constructs and nanoparticles that constitute the focus of this article. We provide an overview of the formulations being tested, the diseases they aim to treat, and the results observed from respective in vitro and in vivo studies. We also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these strategies, the remaining gaps of knowledge regarding their performance, and important items to consider for their clinical translation. Overall, polymeric nanoconstructs hold considerable promise to advance treatment for LSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Placci
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Marina I Giannotti
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain; CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Materials Science and Physical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Silvia Muro
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain; Institute of Catalonia for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain; Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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9
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Kopytova AE, Rychkov GN, Cheblokov AA, Grigor'eva EV, Nikolaev MA, Yarkova ES, Sorogina DA, Ibatullin FM, Baydakova GV, Izyumchenko AD, Bogdanova DA, Boitsov VM, Rybakov AV, Miliukhina IV, Bezrukikh VA, Salogub GN, Zakharova EY, Pchelina SN, Emelyanov AK. Potential Binding Sites of Pharmacological Chaperone NCGC00241607 on Mutant β-Glucocerebrosidase and Its Efficacy on Patient-Derived Cell Cultures in Gaucher and Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109105. [PMID: 37240451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the GBA1 gene, encoding the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase), cause Gaucher disease (GD) and are the most common genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). Pharmacological chaperones (PCs) are being developed as an alternative treatment approach for GD and PD. To date, NCGC00241607 (NCGC607) is one of the most promising PCs. Using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation we identified and characterized six allosteric binding sites on the GCase surface suitable for PCs. Two sites were energetically more preferable for NCGC607 and located nearby to the active site of the enzyme. We evaluated the effects of NCGC607 treatment on GCase activity and protein levels, glycolipids concentration in cultured macrophages from GD (n = 9) and GBA-PD (n = 5) patients as well as in induced human pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)-derived dopaminergic (DA) neurons from GBA-PD patient. The results showed that NCGC607 treatment increased GCase activity (by 1.3-fold) and protein levels (by 1.5-fold), decreased glycolipids concentration (by 4.0-fold) in cultured macrophages derived from GD patients and also enhanced GCase activity (by 1.5-fold) in cultured macrophages derived from GBA-PD patients with N370S mutation (p < 0.05). In iPSC-derived DA neurons from GBA-PD patients with N370S mutation NCGC607 treatment increased GCase activity and protein levels by 1.1-fold and 1.7-fold (p < 0.05). Thus, our results showed that NCGC607 could bind to allosteric sites on the GCase surface and confirmed its efficacy on cultured macrophages from GD and GBA-PD patients as well as on iPSC-derived DA neurons from GBA-PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena E Kopytova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Gatchina 188300, Russia
- Department of Molecular Genetic and Nanobiological Technologies, Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Saint-Petersburg 197022, Russia
| | - George N Rychkov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Gatchina 188300, Russia
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint-Petersburg 195251, Russia
| | - Alexander A Cheblokov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Gatchina 188300, Russia
| | - Elena V Grigor'eva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk 630055, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Nikolaev
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Gatchina 188300, Russia
- Department of Molecular Genetic and Nanobiological Technologies, Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Saint-Petersburg 197022, Russia
| | - Elena S Yarkova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Diana A Sorogina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Farid M Ibatullin
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Gatchina 188300, Russia
| | | | - Artem D Izyumchenko
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Gatchina 188300, Russia
- Department of Molecular Genetic and Nanobiological Technologies, Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Saint-Petersburg 197022, Russia
| | - Daria A Bogdanova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Gatchina 188300, Russia
| | - Vitali M Boitsov
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Saint-Petersburg National Research Academic University of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg 194021, Russia
| | - Akim V Rybakov
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain RAS, Saint-Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - Irina V Miliukhina
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Gatchina 188300, Russia
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain RAS, Saint-Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - Vadim A Bezrukikh
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg 197341, Russia
| | - Galina N Salogub
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg 197341, Russia
| | | | - Sofya N Pchelina
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Gatchina 188300, Russia
- Department of Molecular Genetic and Nanobiological Technologies, Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Saint-Petersburg 197022, Russia
| | - Anton K Emelyanov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Gatchina 188300, Russia
- Department of Molecular Genetic and Nanobiological Technologies, Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Saint-Petersburg 197022, Russia
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Arévalo NB, Lamaizon CM, Cavieres VA, Burgos PV, Álvarez AR, Yañez MJ, Zanlungo S. Neuronopathic Gaucher disease: Beyond lysosomal dysfunction. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:934820. [PMID: 35992201 PMCID: PMC9381931 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.934820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is an inherited disorder caused by recessive mutations in the GBA1 gene that encodes the lysosomal enzyme β-glucocerebrosidase (β-GC). β-GC hydrolyzes glucosylceramide (GluCer) into glucose and ceramide in the lysosome, and the loss of its activity leads to GluCer accumulation in different tissues. In severe cases, enzymatic deficiency triggers inflammation, organomegaly, bone disease, and neurodegeneration. Neuronopathic Gaucher disease (nGD) encompasses two different forms of the disease, characterized by chronic or acute damage to the central nervous system (CNS). The cellular and molecular studies that uncover the pathological mechanisms of nGD mainly focus on lysosomal dysfunction since the lysosome is the key organelle affected in GD. However, new studies show alterations in other organelles that contribute to nGD pathology. For instance, abnormal accumulation of GluCer in lysosomes due to the loss of β-GC activity leads to excessive calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), activating the ER-associated degradation pathway and the unfolded protein response. Recent evidence indicates mitophagy is altered in nGD, resulting in the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria, a critical factor in disease progression. Additionally, nGD patients present alterations in mitochondrial morphology, membrane potential, ATP production, and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Little is known about potential dysfunction in other organelles of the secretory pathway, such as the Golgi apparatus and exosomes. This review focuses on collecting evidence regarding organelle dysfunction beyond lysosomes in nGD. We briefly describe cellular and animal models and signaling pathways relevant to uncovering the pathological mechanisms and new therapeutic targets in GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nohela B. Arévalo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian M. Lamaizon
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Viviana A. Cavieres
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia V. Burgos
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra R. Álvarez
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - María J. Yañez
- Faculty of Medicine and Science, School of Medical Technology, Universidad San Sebastian, Concepción, Chile
- *Correspondence: María J. Yañez
| | - Silvana Zanlungo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Silvana Zanlungo
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11
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Phagocytosis of Erythrocytes from Gaucher Patients Induces Phenotypic Modifications in Macrophages, Driving Them toward Gaucher Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147640. [PMID: 35886988 PMCID: PMC9319206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is caused by glucocerebrosidase deficiency leading to the accumulation of sphingolipids in macrophages named “Gaucher’s Cells”. These cells are characterized by deregulated expression of cell surface markers, abnormal secretion of inflammatory cytokines, and iron sequestration. These cells are known to infiltrate tissues resulting in hematological manifestations, splenomegaly, and bone diseases. We have already demonstrated that Gaucher red blood cells exhibit altered properties suggesting their key role in GD clinical manifestations. We hypothesized that Gaucher’s erythrocytes could be prone to premature destruction by macrophages contributing to the formation of altered macrophages and Gaucher-like cells. We conducted in vitro experiments of erythrophagocytosis using erythrocytes from Gaucher’s patients or healthy donors. Our results showed an enhanced erythrophagocytosis of Gaucher red blood cells compared to healthy red blood cells, which is related to erythrocyte sphingolipids overload and reduced deformability. Importantly, we showed elevated expression of the antigen-presenting molecules CD1d and MHC-II and of the iron-regulator hepcidin in macrophages, as well as enhanced secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β after phagocytosis of GD erythrocytes. These results strongly suggested that erythrophagocytosis in GD contribute to phenotypic modifications in macrophages. This present study shows that erythrocytes-macrophages interactions may be crucial in GD pathophysiology and pathogenesis.
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Grosso Jasutkar H, Oh SE, Mouradian MM. Therapeutics in the Pipeline Targeting α-Synuclein for Parkinson's Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:207-237. [PMID: 35017177 PMCID: PMC11034868 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and the fastest growing neurologic disease in the world, yet no disease-modifying therapy is available for this disabling condition. Multiple lines of evidence implicate the protein α-synuclein (α-Syn) in the pathogenesis of PD, and as such, there is intense interest in targeting α-Syn for potential disease modification. α-Syn is also a key pathogenic protein in other synucleionpathies, most commonly dementia with Lewy bodies. Thus, therapeutics targeting this protein will have utility in these disorders as well. Here we discuss the various approaches that are being investigated to prevent and mitigate α-Syn toxicity in PD, including clearing its pathologic aggregates from the brain using immunization strategies, inhibiting its misfolding and aggregation, reducing its expression level, enhancing cellular clearance mechanisms, preventing its cell-to-cell transmission within the brain and perhaps from the periphery, and targeting other proteins associated with or implicated in PD that contribute to α-Syn toxicity. We also discuss the therapeutics in the pipeline that harness these strategies. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities for the field in the discovery and development of therapeutics for disease modification in PD. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: PD is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, for which disease-modifying therapies remain a major unmet need. A large body of evidence points to α-synuclein as a key pathogenic protein in this disease as well as in dementia with Lewy bodies, making it of leading therapeutic interest. This review discusses the various approaches being investigated and progress made to date toward discovering and developing therapeutics that would slow and stop progression of these disabling diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Grosso Jasutkar
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Institute for Neurological Therapeutics, and Department of Neurology, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Stephanie E Oh
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Institute for Neurological Therapeutics, and Department of Neurology, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - M Maral Mouradian
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Institute for Neurological Therapeutics, and Department of Neurology, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, New Jersey
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13
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Schumann L, Wilken-Schmitz A, Trautmann S, Vogel A, Schreiber Y, Hahnefeld L, Gurke R, Geisslinger G, Tegeder I. Increased Fat Taste Preference in Progranulin-Deficient Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:4125. [PMID: 34836380 PMCID: PMC8623710 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Progranulin deficiency in mice is associated with deregulations of the scavenger receptor signaling of CD36/SCARB3 in immune disease models, and CD36 is a dominant receptor in taste bud cells in the tongue and contributes to the sensation of dietary fats. Progranulin-deficient mice (Grn-/-) are moderately overweight during middle age. We therefore asked if there was a connection between progranulin/CD36 in the tongue and fat taste preferences. By using unbiased behavioral analyses in IntelliCages and Phenomaster cages we showed that progranulin-deficient mice (Grn-/-) developed a strong preference of fat taste in the form of 2% milk over 0.3% milk, and for diluted MCTs versus tap water. The fat preference in the 7d-IntelliCage observation period caused an increase of 10% in the body weight of Grn-/- mice, which did not occur in the wildtype controls. CD36 expression in taste buds was reduced in Grn-/- mice at RNA and histology levels. There were no differences in the plasma or tongue lipids of various classes including sphingolipids, ceramides and endocannabinoids. The data suggest that progranulin deficiency leads to a lower expression of CD36 in the tongue resulting in a stronger urge for fatty taste and fatty nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Schumann
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (L.S.); (A.W.-S.); (S.T.); (A.V.); (Y.S.); (L.H.); (R.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Annett Wilken-Schmitz
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (L.S.); (A.W.-S.); (S.T.); (A.V.); (Y.S.); (L.H.); (R.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Sandra Trautmann
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (L.S.); (A.W.-S.); (S.T.); (A.V.); (Y.S.); (L.H.); (R.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Alexandra Vogel
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (L.S.); (A.W.-S.); (S.T.); (A.V.); (Y.S.); (L.H.); (R.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Yannick Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (L.S.); (A.W.-S.); (S.T.); (A.V.); (Y.S.); (L.H.); (R.G.); (G.G.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lisa Hahnefeld
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (L.S.); (A.W.-S.); (S.T.); (A.V.); (Y.S.); (L.H.); (R.G.); (G.G.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Robert Gurke
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (L.S.); (A.W.-S.); (S.T.); (A.V.); (Y.S.); (L.H.); (R.G.); (G.G.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (L.S.); (A.W.-S.); (S.T.); (A.V.); (Y.S.); (L.H.); (R.G.); (G.G.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases (CIMD), 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Irmgard Tegeder
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (L.S.); (A.W.-S.); (S.T.); (A.V.); (Y.S.); (L.H.); (R.G.); (G.G.)
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14
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Messelodi D, Bertuccio SN, Indio V, Strocchi S, Taddia A, Serravalle S, Bandini J, Astolfi A, Pession A. iPSC-Derived Gaucher Macrophages Display Growth Impairment and Activation of Inflammation-Related Cell Death. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112822. [PMID: 34831047 PMCID: PMC8616237 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease is a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by β-glucosidase enzyme deficiency and substrate accumulation, especially in cells of the reticuloendothelial system. Typical features of the disease are the unrestrained activation of inflammatory mechanisms, whose molecular pathways are still unclear. To investigate biological mechanisms underlying the macrophage activation in GD, we derived iPSCs from a healthy donor and a GD patient line and differentiated them into hematopoietic progenitors. While GD iPSCs are able to efficiently give rise to CD33+/CD45+ myeloid progenitors, the maturation towards the CD14+/CD163+ monocyte/macrophages fate resulted enhanced in the GD lines, that in addition displayed a decreased growth potential compared to control cells either in semisolid or in liquid culture. The GD lines growth impairment was associated with a significant upregulation of RIPK3 and MLKL, two key effectors of necroptosis, the inflammation related cell death pathway. The activation of necroptosis, which has already been linked to neuronopathic GD, may play a role in the disease proinflammatory condition and in the identified cell growth defects. Understanding the GD macrophage role in the alteration of mechanisms linked to cellular metabolism imbalance, cell death and inflammation are crucial in identifying new ways to approach the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Messelodi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (D.M.); (S.N.B.); (A.T.)
| | - Salvatore Nicola Bertuccio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (D.M.); (S.N.B.); (A.T.)
| | - Valentina Indio
- Alma Mater Institute on Healthy Planet, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Silvia Strocchi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Ospedale Santa Maria Nuova–IRCCS, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Alberto Taddia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (D.M.); (S.N.B.); (A.T.)
| | - Salvatore Serravalle
- Division of Pediatrics, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (S.S.); (J.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Jessica Bandini
- Division of Pediatrics, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (S.S.); (J.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Annalisa Astolfi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea Pession
- Division of Pediatrics, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (S.S.); (J.B.); (A.P.)
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15
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Comparative Transcriptome Analysis in Monocyte-Derived Macrophages of Asymptomatic GBA Mutation Carriers and Patients with GBA-Associated Parkinson's Disease. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101545. [PMID: 34680941 PMCID: PMC8535749 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the GBA gene, encoding for lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase), are the greatest genetic risk factor for Parkinson’s disease (PD) with frequency between 5% and 20% across the world. N370S and L444P are the two most common mutations in the GBA gene. PD carriers of severe mutation L444P in the GBA gene is characterized by the earlier age at onset compared to N370S. Not every carrier of GBA mutations develop PD during one’s lifetime. In the current study we aimed to find common gene expression signatures in PD associated with mutation in the GBA gene (GBA-PD) using RNA-seq. We compared transcriptome of monocyte-derived macrophages of 5 patients with GBA-PD (4 L444P/N, 1 N370S/N) and 4 asymptomatic GBA mutation carriers (GBA-carriers) (3 L444P/N, 1 N370S/N) and 4 controls. We also conducted comparative transcriptome analysis for L444P/N only GBA-PD patients and GBA-carriers. Revealed deregulated genes in GBA-PD independently of GBA mutations (L444P or N370S) were involved in immune response, neuronal function. We found upregulated pathway associated with zinc metabolism in L444P/N GBA-PD patients. The potential important role of DUSP1 in the pathogenesis of GBA-PD was suggested.
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16
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Sam R, Ryan E, Daykin E, Sidransky E. Current and emerging pharmacotherapy for Gaucher disease in pediatric populations. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 22:1489-1503. [PMID: 33711910 PMCID: PMC8373623 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1902989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The past decades have witnessed a remarkable improvement in the health of patients with Gaucher disease, the inherited deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase, resulting from the availability of enzyme replacement and substrate reduction therapies. Especially in pediatric populations, early diagnosis and initiation of treatment is essential to achieving optimal outcomes. AREAS COVERED The authors review the literature pertaining to the effectiveness of currently available therapies and describe new pharmacotherapies under development, especially for young patients. EXPERT OPINION For pediatric patients with non-neuronopathic Gaucher disease, there may be new therapeutic options on the horizon in the form of gene therapy or small molecule glucocerebrosidase chaperones. These have the potential to result in a cure for systemic disease manifestations and/or to reduce the cost and convenience of treatment. For children with neuronopathic Gaucher disease, the challenge of targeting therapy to the central nervous system is being explored through new modalities including brain-targeted gene therapy, in-utero therapy, brain-penetrant small molecule chaperones, and other methods that convey enzyme across the blood-brain barrier. Indeed, these are exciting times for both pediatric patients with Gaucher disease and those with other lysosomal storage disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Sam
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Emory Ryan
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Emily Daykin
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA
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17
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Graceffa V. Clinical Development of Cell Therapies to Halt Lysosomal Storage Diseases: Results and Lessons Learned. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 22:191-213. [PMID: 34323185 DOI: 10.2174/1566523221666210728141924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although cross-correction was discovered more than 50 years ago, and held the promise of drastically improving disease management, still no cure exists for lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs). Cell therapies hold the potential to halt disease progression: either a subset of autologous cells can be ex vivo/ in vivo transfected with the functional gene or allogenic wild type stem cells can be transplanted. However, majority of cell-based attempts have been ineffective, due to the difficulties in reversing neuronal symptomatology, in finding appropriate gene transfection approaches, in inducing immune tolerance, reducing the risk of graft versus host disease (GVHD) when allogenic cells are used and that of immune response when engineered viruses are administered, coupled with a limited secretion and uptake of some enzymes. In the last decade, due to advances in our understanding of lysosomal biology and mechanisms of cross-correction, coupled with progresses in gene therapy, ongoing pre-clinical and clinical investigations have remarkably increased. Even gene editing approaches are currently under clinical experimentation. This review proposes to critically discuss and compare trends and advances in cell-based and gene therapy for LSDs. Systemic gene delivery and transplantation of allogenic stem cells will be initially discussed, whereas proposed brain targeting methods will be then critically outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Graceffa
- Cellular Health and Toxicology Research Group (CHAT), Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Ln, Bellanode, Sligo, Ireland
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18
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Born JR, Chenniappan VK, Davis DP, Dahlin JL, Marugan JJ, Patnaik S. The Impact of Assay Design on Medicinal Chemistry: Case Studies. SLAS DISCOVERY 2021; 26:1243-1255. [PMID: 34225522 DOI: 10.1177/24725552211026238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Born
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Vinoth Kumar Chenniappan
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Danielle P Davis
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jayme L Dahlin
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Juan J Marugan
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Samarjit Patnaik
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
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van Eijk M, Aerts JMFG. The Unique Phenotype of Lipid-Laden Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084039. [PMID: 33919858 PMCID: PMC8070766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are key multi-talented cells of the innate immune system and are equipped with receptors involved in damage and pathogen recognition with connected immune response guiding signaling systems. In addition, macrophages have various systems that are involved in the uptake of extracellular and intracellular cargo. The lysosomes in macrophages play a central role in the digestion of all sorts of macromolecules and the entry of nutrients to the cytosol, and, thus, the regulation of endocytic processes and autophagy. Simplistically viewed, two macrophage phenotype extremes exist. On one end of the spectrum, the classically activated pro-inflammatory M1 cells are present, and, on the other end, alternatively activated anti-inflammatory M2 cells. A unique macrophage population arises when lipid accumulation occurs, either caused by flaws in the catabolic machinery, which is observed in lysosomal storage disorders, or as a result of an acquired condition, which is found in multiple sclerosis, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. The accompanying overload causes a unique metabolic activation phenotype, which is discussed here, and, consequently, a unifying phenotype is proposed.
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20
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Value of Glucosylsphingosine (Lyso-Gb1) as a Biomarker in Gaucher Disease: A Systematic Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197159. [PMID: 32998334 PMCID: PMC7584006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The challenges in the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of Gaucher disease (GD), an autosomal recessive inborn error of glycosphingolipid metabolism, can negatively impact clinical outcomes. This systematic literature review evaluated the value of glucosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb1), as the most reliable biomarker currently available for the diagnosis, prognosis, and disease/treatment monitoring of patients with GD. Literature searches were conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, ScienceOpen, Science.gov, Biological Abstracts, and Sci-Hub to identify original research articles relevant to lyso-Gb1 and GD published before March 2019. Seventy-four articles met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 56 related to pathology and 21 related to clinical biomarkers. Evidence for lyso-Gb1 as a pathogenic mediator of GD was unequivocal, although its precise role requires further elucidation. Lyso-Gb1 was deemed a statistically reliable diagnostic and pharmacodynamic biomarker in GD. Evidence supports lyso-Gb1 as a disease-monitoring biomarker for GD, and some evidence supports lyso-Gb1 as a prognostic biomarker, but further study is required. Lyso-Gb1 meets the criteria for a biomarker as it is easily accessible and reliably quantifiable in plasma and dried blood spots, enables the elucidation of GD molecular pathogenesis, is diagnostically valuable, and reflects therapeutic responses. Evidentiary standards appropriate for verifying inter-laboratory lyso-Gb1 concentrations in plasma and in other anatomical sites are needed.
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Menozzi E, Schapira AHV. Enhancing the Activity of Glucocerebrosidase as a Treatment for Parkinson Disease. CNS Drugs 2020; 34:915-923. [PMID: 32607746 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-020-00746-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the glucocerebrosidase (GBA1) gene are the most common genetic risk factor for Parkinson disease (PD). Homozygous or compound heterozygous GBA1 mutations cause the lysosomal storage disorder Gaucher disease (GD), characterized by deficient activity of the glucocerebrosidase enzyme (GCase). Both individuals with GD type I and heterozygous carriers of pathogenic variants of GBA1 have an increased risk of developing PD, by approximately ten- to 20-fold compared to non-carriers. GCase activity is also reduced in PD patients without GBA1 mutations, suggesting that the GCase lysosomal pathway might be involved in PD pathogenesis. Available evidence indicates that GCase can affect α-synuclein pathology in different ways. Misfolded GCase proteins are retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, altering the lysosomal trafficking of the enzyme and disrupting protein trafficking. Also, deficient GCase leads to accumulation of substrates that in turn may bind α-synuclein and promote pathological formation of aggregates. Furthermore, α-synuclein itself can lower the enzymatic activity of GCase, indicating that a bidirectional interaction exists between GCase and α-synuclein. Targeted therapies aimed at enhancing GCase activity, augmenting the trafficking of misfolded GCase proteins by small molecule chaperones, or reducing substrate accumulation, have been tested in preclinical and clinical trials. This article reviews the molecular mechanisms linking GCase to α-synuclein and discusses the therapeutic drugs that by targeting the GCase pathway can influence PD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Menozzi
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Anthony H V Schapira
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
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Burbulla LF, Jeon S, Zheng J, Song P, Silverman RB, Krainc D. A modulator of wild-type glucocerebrosidase improves pathogenic phenotypes in dopaminergic neuronal models of Parkinson's disease. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/514/eaau6870. [PMID: 31619543 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aau6870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the GBA1 gene encoding the lysosomal enzyme β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase) represent the most common risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). GCase has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for PD and current efforts are focused on chemical chaperones to translocate mutant GCase into lysosomes. However, for several GBA1-linked forms of PD and PD associated with mutations in LRRK2, DJ-1, and PARKIN, activating wild-type GCase represents an alternative approach. We developed a new small-molecule modulator of GCase called S-181 that increased wild-type GCase activity in iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons from sporadic PD patients, as well as patients carrying the 84GG mutation in GBA1, or mutations in LRRK2, DJ-1, or PARKIN who had decreased GCase activity. S-181 treatment of these PD iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons partially restored lysosomal function and lowered accumulation of oxidized dopamine, glucosylceramide and α-synuclein. Moreover, S-181 treatment of mice heterozygous for the D409V GBA1 mutation (Gba1D409V/+ ) resulted in activation of wild-type GCase and consequent reduction of GCase lipid substrates and α-synuclein in mouse brain tissue. Our findings point to activation of wild-type GCase by small-molecule modulators as a potential therapeutic approach for treating familial and sporadic forms of PD that exhibit decreased GCase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena F Burbulla
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sohee Jeon
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jianbin Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, and Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Pingping Song
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Richard B Silverman
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, and Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Kido J, Nakamura K, Era T. Role of induced pluripotent stem cells in lysosomal storage diseases. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 108:103540. [PMID: 32828964 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a group of metabolism inborn errors caused by defective enzymes in the lysosome, resulting in the accumulation of undegraded substrates. Many characteristic cell features have been revealed in LSDs, including abnormal autophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction. The development of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) dramatically boosted research on LSDs, particularly regarding novel opportunities to clarify the disease etiology based on the storage of macromolecules, such as sphingolipids in lysosomes. iPSCs made from LSD patients (LSD-iPSCs) have been differentiated into neurons, endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes, hepatocytes, and macrophages, with each cell type closely resembling the primary disease phenotypes, providing new tools to probe the disease pathogenesis and to test therapeutic strategies. Abnormally accumulated substrates impaired autophagy and mitochondrial and synapse functions in LSD-iPSC-derived neurons. Reducing the accumulation with the treatment of drug candidates improved LSD-iPSC-derived neuron functions. Additionally, iPSC technology can help probe the gene expressions, proteomics, and metabolomics of LSDs. Further, gene repair and the generation of new mutations in causative genes in LSD-iPSCs can be used to understand both the specific roles of causative genes and the contributions of other genetic factors to these phenotypes. Moreover, the development of iPSC-derived organoids as disease models has bridged the gap between studies using cell lines and in vivo animal models. There are some reproducibility issues in iPSC research, however, including genetic and epigenetic abnormalities, such as chromosomal abnormalities, DNA mutations, and gene modifications via methylation. In this review, we present the disease and treatment concepts gathered using selected LSD-iPSCs, discuss iPSC research limitations, and set our future research visions. Such studies are expected to further inform and generate insights into LSDs and are important in research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kido
- Department of Cell Modulation, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Kimitoshi Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takumi Era
- Department of Cell Modulation, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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Tran ML, Génisson Y, Ballereau S, Dehoux C. Second-Generation Pharmacological Chaperones: Beyond Inhibitors. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143145. [PMID: 32660097 PMCID: PMC7397201 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein misfolding induced by missense mutations is the source of hundreds of conformational diseases. The cell quality control may eliminate nascent misfolded proteins, such as enzymes, and a pathological loss-of-function may result from their early degradation. Since the proof of concept in the 2000s, the bioinspired pharmacological chaperone therapy became a relevant low-molecular-weight compound strategy against conformational diseases. The first-generation pharmacological chaperones were competitive inhibitors of mutant enzymes. Counterintuitively, in binding to the active site, these inhibitors stabilize the proper folding of the mutated protein and partially rescue its cellular function. The main limitation of the first-generation pharmacological chaperones lies in the balance between enzyme activity enhancement and inhibition. Recent research efforts were directed towards the development of promising second-generation pharmacological chaperones. These non-inhibitory ligands, targeting previously unknown binding pockets, limit the risk of adverse enzymatic inhibition. Their pharmacophore identification is however challenging and likely requires a massive screening-based approach. This review focuses on second-generation chaperones designed to restore the cellular activity of misfolded enzymes. It intends to highlight, for a selected set of rare inherited metabolic disorders, the strategies implemented to identify and develop these pharmacologically relevant small organic molecules as potential drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cécile Dehoux
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (C.D.); Tel.: +33-5-6155-6127 (C.D.)
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25
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Mistry P, Balwani M, Barbouth D, Burrow TA, Ginns EI, Goker-Alpan O, Grabowski GA, Kartha RV, Kishnani PS, Lau H, Lee CU, Lopez G, Maegawa G, Packman S, Prada C, Rosenbloom B, Lal TR, Schiffmann R, Weinreb N, Sidransky E. Gaucher disease and SARS-CoV-2 infection: Emerging management challenges. Mol Genet Metab 2020; 130:164-169. [PMID: 32471800 PMCID: PMC7211677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Mistry
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics,Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America.
| | - Manisha Balwani
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, United States of America.
| | - Deborah Barbouth
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, United States of America.
| | - T Andrew Burrow
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Hospital, Section of Genetics and Metabolism, Little Rock, AR, United States of America.
| | - Edward I Ginns
- Lysosomal Disorders Treatment and Research Program, Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America.
| | - Ozlem Goker-Alpan
- Lysosomal and Rare Disorders Research and Treatment Center, Fairfax, VA, United States of America.
| | - Gregory A Grabowski
- Departments of Pediatrics, and Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America.
| | - Reena V Kartha
- Center for Orphan Drug Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.
| | - Priya S Kishnani
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America.
| | - Heather Lau
- Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, New York University, New York, NY, United States of America.
| | - Chung U Lee
- Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alta, CA, United States of America.
| | - Grisel Lopez
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.
| | - Gustavo Maegawa
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Departments of Pediatrics, Neuroscience, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - Seymour Packman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America.
| | - Carlos Prada
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America.
| | - Barry Rosenbloom
- Cedars-Sinai Tower Hematology Oncology, Beverly Hills, CA, United States of America.
| | - Tamanna Roshan Lal
- Rare Disease Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington DC, United States of America.
| | - Rapheal Schiffmann
- Baylor, Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, United States of America.
| | - Neal Weinreb
- Departments of Human Genetics and Internal Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America.
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.
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Han TU, Sam R, Sidransky E. Small Molecule Chaperones for the Treatment of Gaucher Disease and GBA1-Associated Parkinson Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:271. [PMID: 32509770 PMCID: PMC7248408 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease, the second most common movement disorder, is a complex neurodegenerative disorder hallmarked by the accumulation of alpha-synuclein, a neural-specific small protein associated with neuronal synapses. Mutations in the glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA1), implicated in the rare, autosomal recessive lysosomal disorder Gaucher disease, are the most common known genetic risk factor for Parkinson disease. Insights into the inverse relationship between glucocerebrosidase and alpha-synuclein have led to new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of Gaucher disease and GBA1-associated Parkinson disease. Unlike the current drugs used to treat Gaucher disease, which are highly expensive and do not cross the blood-brain-barrier, new small molecules therapies, including competitive and non-competitive chaperones that enhance glucocerebrosidase levels are being developed to overcome these limitations. Some of these include iminosugars, ambroxol, other competitive glucocerebrosidase inhibitors, and non-inhibitory chaperones or activators that do not compete for the active site. These drugs, which have been shown in different disease models to increase glucocerebrosidase activity, could have potential as a therapy for Gaucher disease and GBA1- associated Parkinson disease. Some have been demonstrated to reduce α-synuclein levels in pre-clinical studies using cell-based or animal models of GBA1-associated Parkinson disease, and may also have utility for idiopathic Parkinson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Un Han
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Richard Sam
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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CRISPR/Cas9 Editing for Gaucher Disease Modelling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093268. [PMID: 32380730 PMCID: PMC7246564 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the acid β-glucosidase gene (GBA1). Besides causing GD, GBA1 mutations constitute the main genetic risk factor for developing Parkinson’s disease. The molecular basis of neurological manifestations in GD remain elusive. However, neuroinflammation has been proposed as a key player in this process. We exploited CRISPR/Cas9 technology to edit GBA1 in the human monocytic THP-1 cell line to develop an isogenic GD model of monocytes and in glioblastoma U87 cell lines to generate an isogenic GD model of glial cells. Both edited (GBA1 mutant) cell lines presented low levels of mutant acid β-glucosidase expression, less than 1% of residual activity and massive accumulation of substrate. Moreover, U87 GBA1 mutant cells showed that the mutant enzyme was retained in the ER and subjected to proteasomal degradation, triggering unfolded protein response (UPR). U87 GBA1 mutant cells displayed an increased production of interleukin-1β, both with and without inflammosome activation, α-syn accumulation and a higher rate of cell death in comparison with wild-type cells. In conclusion, we developed reliable, isogenic, and easy-to-handle cellular models of GD obtained from commercially accessible cells to be employed in GD pathophysiology studies and high-throughput drug screenings.
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Chen Y, Sam R, Sharma P, Chen L, Do J, Sidransky E. Glucocerebrosidase as a therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:287-294. [PMID: 32106725 PMCID: PMC7113099 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1733970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The association between Gaucher disease, caused by the inherited deficiency of glucocerebrosidase, and Parkinson's disease was first recognized in the clinic, noting that patients with Gaucher disease and their carrier relatives had an increased incidence of Parkinson's disease. Currently, mutations in glucocerebrosidase (GBA1) are the most common genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, with an inverse relationship between glucocerebrosidase and α-synuclein, a key factor in Parkinson pathogenesis. The hypothesis that therapeutic enhancement of brain glucocerebrosidase levels might reduce the aggregation, accumulation or spread of α-synuclein has spurred great interest in glucocerebrosidase as a novel therapeutic target.Area covered: This article explores the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the association between GBA1 mutations and Parkinson's disease and outlines therapeutic strategies to increase brain glucocerebrosidase, including gene therapy, targeted delivery of recombinant glucocerebrosidase to the brain, small-molecule chaperones to rescue mutant glucocerebrosidase, and small-molecule modulators to activate wild-type glucocerebrosidase.Expert opinion: Although an improved understanding of the mechanistic basis for GBA1-associated parkinsonism is essential, enhancing levels of brain glucocerebrosidase may have wide therapeutic implications. While gene therapy may ultimately be effective, less expensive and invasive small-molecule non-inhibitory chaperones or activators could significantly impact the disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard Sam
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lu Chen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Jenny Do
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Haake K, Neehus AL, Buchegger T, Kühnel MP, Blank P, Philipp F, Oleaga-Quintas C, Schulz A, Grimley M, Goethe R, Jonigk D, Kalinke U, Boisson-Dupuis S, Casanova JL, Bustamante J, Lachmann N. Patient iPSC-Derived Macrophages to Study Inborn Errors of the IFN-γ Responsive Pathway. Cells 2020; 9:E483. [PMID: 32093117 PMCID: PMC7072779 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon γ (IFN-γ) was shown to be a macrophage activating factor already in 1984. Consistently, inborn errors of IFN-γ immunity underlie Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Disease (MSMD). MSMD is characterized by genetic predisposition to disease caused by weakly virulent mycobacterial species. Paradoxically, macrophages from patients with MSMD were little tested. Here, we report a disease modeling platform for studying IFN-γ related pathologies using macrophages derived from patient specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We used iPSCs from patients with autosomal recessive complete- and partial IFN-γR2 deficiency, partial IFN-γR1 deficiency and complete STAT1 deficiency. Macrophages from all patient iPSCs showed normal morphology and IFN-γ-independent functionality like phagocytic uptake of bioparticles and internalization of cytokines. For the IFN-γ-dependent functionalities, we observed that the deficiencies played out at various stages of the IFN-γ pathway, with the complete IFN-γR2 and complete STAT1 deficient cells showing the most severe phenotypes, in terms of upregulation of surface markers and induction of downstream targets. Although iPSC-derived macrophages with partial IFN-γR1 and IFN-γR2 deficiency still showed residual induction of downstream targets, they did not reduce the mycobacterial growth when challenged with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin. Taken together, we report a disease modeling platform to study the role of macrophages in patients with inborn errors of IFN-γ immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Haake
- REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (K.H.)
| | - Anna-Lena Neehus
- REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (K.H.)
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Inserm U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, Paris University, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Theresa Buchegger
- REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (K.H.)
| | - Mark Philipp Kühnel
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Patrick Blank
- REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (K.H.)
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture between The Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, and The Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Friederike Philipp
- REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (K.H.)
| | - Carmen Oleaga-Quintas
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Inserm U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, Paris University, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Ansgar Schulz
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Grimley
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplant and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Ralph Goethe
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture between The Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, and The Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Inserm U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, Paris University, 75015 Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Inserm U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, Paris University, 75015 Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Pediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Inserm U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, Paris University, 75015 Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Nico Lachmann
- REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (K.H.)
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30
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Toffoli M, Smith L, Schapira AHV. The biochemical basis of interactions between Glucocerebrosidase and alpha-synuclein in GBA1 mutation carriers. J Neurochem 2020; 154:11-24. [PMID: 31965564 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of genes involved in familial as well as sporadic forms of Parkinson disease (PD) constitutes an important milestone in understanding this disorder's pathophysiology and potential treatment. Among these genes, GBA1 is one of the most common and well-studied, but it is still unclear how mutations in GBA1 translate into an increased risk for developing PD. In this review, we provide an overview of the biochemical and structural relationship between GBA1 and PD to help understand the recent advances in the development of PD therapies intended to target this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Toffoli
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Laura Smith
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Anthony H V Schapira
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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Johnson PH, Weinreb NJ, Cloyd JC, Tuite PJ, Kartha RV. GBA1 mutations: Prospects for exosomal biomarkers in α-synuclein pathologies. Mol Genet Metab 2020; 129:35-46. [PMID: 31761523 PMCID: PMC7002237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The discovery that patients with Gaucher Disease (GD), a rare lysosomal storage disorder, were developing symptoms similar to Parkinson's disease (PD) led to investigation of the relationship between the two seemingly unrelated pathologies. GD, an autosomal recessive disorder, is the result of a biallelic mutation in the gene GBA1, which encodes for the enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase). Since the observation of its relation to PD, GBA1 mutations have become recognized as the most common genetic risk factor for development of synucleinopathies such as PD and dementia with Lewy bodies. Although the exact mechanism by which GBA1 mutations promote PD is unknown, current understanding suggests that impaired GCase inhibits lysosomal activity and decreases the overall ability of the cell to degrade proteins, specifically the neuronal protein α-synuclein. Decreased elimination of α-synuclein can lead to its abnormal accumulation and aggregation, an important component of PD development. Further understanding of how decreased GCase activity increases risk for α-synuclein pathology can assist with the development of clinical biomarkers for early detection of synucleinopathies, as well as promote novel treatments tailored for people with a GBA1 mutation. Historically, α-synuclein has not been a reliable biomarker for PD. However, recent research on α-synuclein content within exosomes, which are small vesicles released by cells that carry specific cellular cargo, has yielded encouraging results. Moreover, decreased GCase activity has been shown to influence exosomal contents. Exosomes have emerged as a promising new avenue for the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets aimed at improving neuronal GCase function and limiting the development of synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker H Johnson
- Center for Orphan Drug Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Neal J Weinreb
- Department of Human Genetics and Medicine (Hematology), Leonard Miller School of Medicine of University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - James C Cloyd
- Center for Orphan Drug Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America; Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Paul J Tuite
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Reena V Kartha
- Center for Orphan Drug Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America.
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Stott SRW, Wyse RK, Brundin P. Novel approaches to counter protein aggregation pathology in Parkinson's disease. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2020; 252:451-492. [PMID: 32247372 PMCID: PMC10019778 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The primary neuropathological characteristics of the Parkinsonian brain are the loss of nigral dopamine neurons and the aggregation of alpha synuclein protein. Efforts to development potentially disease-modifying treatments have largely focused on correcting these aspects of the condition. In the last decade treatments targeting protein aggregation have entered the clinical pipeline. In this chapter we provide an overview of ongoing clinical trial programs for different therapies attempting to reduce protein aggregation pathology in Parkinson's disease. We will also briefly consider various novel approaches being proposed-and being developed preclinically-to inhibit/reduce aggregated protein pathology in Parkinson's.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patrik Brundin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States.
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Losada Díaz JC, Cepeda del Castillo J, Rodriguez-López EA, Alméciga-Díaz CJ. Advances in the Development of Pharmacological Chaperones for the Mucopolysaccharidoses. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010232. [PMID: 31905715 PMCID: PMC6981736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of 11 lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) produced by mutations in the enzymes involved in the lysosomal catabolism of glycosaminoglycans. Most of the mutations affecting these enzymes may lead to changes in processing, folding, glycosylation, pH stability, protein aggregation, and defective transport to the lysosomes. It this sense, it has been proposed that the use of small molecules, called pharmacological chaperones (PCs), can restore the folding, trafficking, and biological activity of mutated enzymes. PCs have the advantages of wide tissue distribution, potential oral administration, lower production cost, and fewer issues of immunogenicity than enzyme replacement therapy. In this paper, we will review the advances in the identification and characterization of PCs for the MPS. These molecules have been described for MPS II, IVA, and IVB, showing a mutation-dependent enhancement of the mutated enzymes. Although the results show the potential of this strategy, further studies should focus in the development of disease-specific cellular models that allow a proper screening and evaluation of PCs. In addition, in vivo evaluation, both pre-clinical and clinical, should be performed, before they can become a real therapeutic strategy for the treatment of MPS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Camilo Losada Díaz
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia; (J.C.L.D.); (J.C.d.C.); (E.A.R.-L.)
| | - Jacobo Cepeda del Castillo
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia; (J.C.L.D.); (J.C.d.C.); (E.A.R.-L.)
| | - Edwin Alexander Rodriguez-López
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia; (J.C.L.D.); (J.C.d.C.); (E.A.R.-L.)
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia
| | - Carlos J. Alméciga-Díaz
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia; (J.C.L.D.); (J.C.d.C.); (E.A.R.-L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +57-1-3208320 (ext. 4140); Fax: +57-1-3208320 (ext. 4099)
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A characterization of Gaucher iPS-derived astrocytes: Potential implications for Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 134:104647. [PMID: 31669751 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While astrocytes, the most abundant cells found in the brain, have many diverse functions, their role in the lysosomal storage disorder Gaucher disease (GD) has not been explored. GD, resulting from the inherited deficiency of the enzyme glucocerebrosidase and subsequent accumulation of glucosylceramide and its acylated derivative glucosylsphingosine, has both non-neuronopathic (GD1) and neuronopathic forms (GD2 and 3). Furthermore, mutations in GBA1, the gene mutated in GD, are an important risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). To elucidate the role of astrocytes in the disease pathogenesis, we generated iAstrocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells made from fibroblasts taken from controls and patients with GD1, with and without PD. We also made iAstrocytes from an infant with GD2, the most severe and progressive form, manifesting in infancy. Gaucher iAstrocytes appropriately showed deficient glucocerebrosidase activity and levels and substrate accumulation. These cells exhibited varying degrees of astrogliosis, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) up-regulation and cellular proliferation, depending on the level of residual glucocerebrosidase activity. Glutamte uptake assays demonstrated that the cells were functionally active, although the glutamine transporter EEAT2 was upregulated and EEAT1 downregulated in the GD2 samples. GD2 iAstrocytes were morphologically different, with severe cytoskeletal hypertrophy, overlapping of astrocyte processes, pronounced up-regulation of GFAP and S100β, and significant astrocyte proliferation, recapitulating the neuropathology observed in patients with GD2. Although astrocytes do not express α-synuclein, when the iAstrocytes were co-cultured with dopaminergic neurons generated from the same iPSC lines, excessive α-synuclein released from neurons was endocytosed by astrocytes, translocating into lysosomes. Levels of aggregated α-synuclein increased significantly when cells were treated with monomeric or fibrillar α-synuclein. GD1-PD and GD2 iAstrocytes also exhibited impaired Cathepsin D activity, leading to further α-synuclein accumulation. Cytokine and chemokine profiling of the iAstrocytes demonstrated an inflammatory response. Thus, in patients with GBA1-associated parkinsonism, astrocytes appear to play a role in α-synuclein accumulation and processing, contributing to neuroinflammation.
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Welsh NJ, Gewinner CA, Mistry K, Koglin M, Cooke J, Butler M, Powney B, Roberts M, Staddon JM, Schapira AHV. Functional assessment of glucocerebrosidase modulator efficacy in primary patient-derived macrophages is essential for drug development and patient stratification. Haematologica 2019; 105:e206-e209. [PMID: 31558665 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.224717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Welsh
- Eisai-UCL Drug Discovery and Development Collaboration, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, University College London, London
| | - Christina A Gewinner
- Eisai-UCL Drug Discovery and Development Collaboration, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, University College London, London
| | - Kavita Mistry
- Neurology Innovation Centre, Hatfield Research Laboratories, Eisai Ltd, Hatfield, Hertfordshire
| | - Mumta Koglin
- Neurology Innovation Centre, Hatfield Research Laboratories, Eisai Ltd, Hatfield, Hertfordshire
| | - Juniebel Cooke
- Lysosomal Storage Disorders Unit, Royal Free Hospital, London
| | - Matthew Butler
- Eisai-UCL Drug Discovery and Development Collaboration, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, University College London, London
| | - Ben Powney
- Neurology Innovation Centre, Hatfield Research Laboratories, Eisai Ltd, Hatfield, Hertfordshire
| | - Malcolm Roberts
- Neurology Innovation Centre, Hatfield Research Laboratories, Eisai Ltd, Hatfield, Hertfordshire
| | - James M Staddon
- Neurology Innovation Centre, Hatfield Research Laboratories, Eisai Ltd, Hatfield, Hertfordshire
| | - Anthony H V Schapira
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
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Kakinuma S, Watanabe M. Analysis of the mechanism underlying liver diseases using human induced pluripotent stem cells. Immunol Med 2019; 42:71-78. [PMID: 31498713 DOI: 10.1080/25785826.2019.1657254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Results of recent studies have shown that disease models using human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have recapitulated the pathophysiology of genetic liver diseases, viral hepatitis and hepatic fibrosis. The utilization of human iPS cells as a model of liver diseases has several substantial advantages compared with primary hepatocytes and cancer cell lines, such as the potential for unlimited expansion and similarity of biological characteristics to normal liver cells. In this review, we have focused on modeling liver diseases using human iPS cells and discussed the experimental evidence that supports the utility of such disease models, including that in our recent studies. Genetically modified or patient-derived human iPS cells can mimic congenital liver disease phenotypes. Human iPS-derived hepatic cells can be infected with the hepatitis viruses. The co-culture of human iPS-derived hepatocytes and mesenchyme partially mimics the process of liver fibrosis. Human iPS cell-derived hepatic cells and the co-culture system of such cells will contribute to the progress of studies on the pathophysiology of genetic and non-genetic liver diseases and development of novel therapeutic strategies for treating liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Kakinuma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) , Tokyo , Japan.,Department of Liver Disease Control, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) , Tokyo , Japan
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Do J, McKinney C, Sharma P, Sidransky E. Glucocerebrosidase and its relevance to Parkinson disease. Mol Neurodegener 2019; 14:36. [PMID: 31464647 PMCID: PMC6716912 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-019-0336-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in GBA1, the gene encoding the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase, are among the most common known genetic risk factors for the development of Parkinson disease and related synucleinopathies. A great deal is known about GBA1, as mutations in GBA1 are causal for the rare autosomal storage disorder Gaucher disease. Over the past decades, significant progress has been made in understanding the genetics and cell biology of glucocerebrosidase. A least 495 different mutations, found throughout the 11 exons of the gene are reported, including both common and rare variants. Mutations in GBA1 may lead to degradation of the protein, disruptions in lysosomal targeting and diminished performance of the enzyme in the lysosome. Gaucher disease is phenotypically diverse and has both neuronopathic and non-neuronopathic forms. Both patients with Gaucher disease and heterozygous carriers are at increased risk of developing Parkinson disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies, although our understanding of the mechanism for this association remains incomplete. There appears to be an inverse relationship between glucocerebrosidase and α-synuclein levels, and even patients with sporadic Parkinson disease have decreased glucocerebrosidase. Glucocerebrosidase may interact with α-synuclein to maintain basic cellular functions, or impaired glucocerebrosidase could contribute to Parkinson pathogenesis by disrupting lysosomal homeostasis, enhancing endoplasmic reticulum stress or contributing to mitochondrial impairment. However, the majority of patients with GBA1 mutations never develop parkinsonism, so clearly other risk factors play a role. Treatments for Gaucher disease have been developed that increase visceral glucocerebrosidase levels and decrease lipid storage, although they have yet to properly address the neurological defects associated with impaired glucocerebrosidase. Mouse and induced pluripotent stem cell derived models have improved our understanding of glucocerebrosidase function and the consequences of its deficiency. These models have been used to test novel therapies including chaperone proteins, histone deacetylase inhibitors, and gene therapy approaches that enhance glucocerebrosidase levels and could prove efficacious in the treatment of forms of parkinsonism. Consequently, this rare monogenic disorder, Gaucher disease, provides unique insights directly applicable to our understanding and treatment of Parkinson disease, a common and complex neurodegenerative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Do
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 35A, Room 1E623, 35 Convent Drive, MSC 3708, Bethesda, MD, 20892-3708, USA
| | - Cindy McKinney
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 35A, Room 1E623, 35 Convent Drive, MSC 3708, Bethesda, MD, 20892-3708, USA
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 35A, Room 1E623, 35 Convent Drive, MSC 3708, Bethesda, MD, 20892-3708, USA
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 35A, Room 1E623, 35 Convent Drive, MSC 3708, Bethesda, MD, 20892-3708, USA.
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Burbulla LF, Krainc D. The role of dopamine in the pathogenesis of GBA1-linked Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 132:104545. [PMID: 31351996 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying differential vulnerability of substantia nigra dopamine neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains limited, and previous therapeutic efforts targeting rodent nigral neurons have not been successfully translated to humans. However, recent emergence of induced pluripotent stem cell technology has highlighted some fundamental differences between human and rodent midbrain dopamine neurons that may at least in part explain relative resistance of rodent neurons to degeneration in genetic models of PD. Using GBA1-linked PD as an example, we discuss cellular pathways that may predispose human neurons to degeneration in PD, including mitochondrial oxidant stress, elevated intracellular calcium, altered synaptic vesicle endocytosis, accumulation of oxidized dopamine and neuromelanin. Recent studies have suggested that a combination of mitochondrial oxidant stress and accumulation of oxidized dopamine contribute to dysfunction of nigral neurons in various genetic and sporadic forms of PD. We also briefly summarize the development of targeted therapies for GBA1-associated synucleinopathies and highlight that modulation of wild-type GCase activity serves as an important target for the treatment of genetic and idiopathic forms of PD and dementia with Lewy bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena F Burbulla
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Zunke F, Mazzulli JR. Modeling neuronopathic storage diseases with patient-derived culture systems. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 127:147-162. [PMID: 30790616 PMCID: PMC6588474 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are organelles involved in the degradation and recycling of macromolecules, and play a critical role in sensing metabolic information in the cell. A class of rare metabolic diseases called lysosomal storage disorders (LSD) are characterized by lysosomal dysfunction and the accumulation of macromolecular substrates. The central nervous system appears to be particularly vulnerable to lysosomal dysfunction, since many LSDs are characterized by severe, widespread neurodegeneration with pediatric onset. Furthermore, variants in lysosomal genes are strongly associated with some common neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). To better understand disease pathology and develop novel treatment strategies, it is critical to study the fundamental molecular disease mechanisms in the affected cell types that harbor endogenously expressed mutations. The discovery of methods for reprogramming of patient-derived somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and their differentiation into distinct neuronal and glial cell types, have provided novel opportunities to study mechanisms of lysosomal dysfunction within the relevant, vulnerable cell types. These models also expand our ability to develop and test novel therapeutic targets. We discuss recently developed methods for iPSC differentiation into distinct neuronal and glial cell types, while addressing the need for meticulous experimental techniques and parameters that are essential to accurately identify inherent cellular pathologies. iPSC models for neuronopathic LSDs and their relationship to sporadic age-related neurodegeneration are also discussed. These models should facilitate the discovery and development of personalized therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Zunke
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel 24118, Germany.
| | - Joseph R Mazzulli
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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40
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Insights into GBA Parkinson's disease pathology and therapy with induced pluripotent stem cell model systems. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 127:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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41
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Pessoa CC, Reis LC, Ramos-Sanchez EM, Orikaza CM, Cortez C, de Castro Levatti EV, Badaró ACB, Yamamoto JUDS, D’Almeida V, Goto H, Mortara RA, Real F. ATP6V0d2 controls Leishmania parasitophorous vacuole biogenesis via cholesterol homeostasis. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007834. [PMID: 31199856 PMCID: PMC6594656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
V-ATPases are part of the membrane components of pathogen-containing vacuoles, although their function in intracellular infection remains elusive. In addition to organelle acidification, V-ATPases are alternatively implicated in membrane fusion and anti-inflammatory functions controlled by ATP6V0d2, the d subunit variant of the V-ATPase complex. Therefore, we evaluated the role of ATP6V0d2 in the biogenesis of pathogen-containing vacuoles using ATP6V0d2 knock-down macrophages infected with the protozoan parasite Leishmania amazonensis. These parasites survive within IFNγ/LPS-activated inflammatory macrophages, multiplying in large/fusogenic parasitophorous vacuoles (PVs) and inducing ATP6V0d2 upregulation. ATP6V0d2 knock-down decreased macrophage cholesterol levels and inhibited PV enlargement without interfering with parasite multiplication. However, parasites required ATP6V0d2 to resist the influx of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-derived cholesterol, which restored PV enlargement in ATP6V0d2 knock-down macrophages by replenishing macrophage cholesterol pools. Thus, we reveal parasite-mediated subversion of host V-ATPase function toward cholesterol retention, which is required for establishing an inflammation-resistant intracellular parasite niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Carraro Pessoa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Luiza Campos Reis
- Laboratório de Soroepidemiologia e Imunobiologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Eduardo Milton Ramos-Sanchez
- Laboratório de Soroepidemiologia e Imunobiologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Cristina Mary Orikaza
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Cristian Cortez
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | | | - Ana Carolina Benites Badaró
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | - Vânia D’Almeida
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Hiro Goto
- Laboratório de Soroepidemiologia e Imunobiologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Renato Arruda Mortara
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Fernando Real
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
- * E-mail:
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Nikolaev MA, Kopytova AE, Baidakova GV, Emel’yanov AK, Salogub GN, Senkevich KA, Usenko TS, Gorchakova MV, Koval’chuk YP, Berkovich OA, Zakharova EY, Pchelina SN. Human Peripheral Blood Macrophages As a Model for Studying Glucocerebrosidase Dysfunction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990519x19020081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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43
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Dorris ER, Tazzyman SJ, Moylett J, Ramamoorthi N, Hackney J, Townsend M, Muthana M, Lewis MJ, Pitzalis C, Wilson AG. The Autoimmune Susceptibility Gene C5orf30 Regulates Macrophage-Mediated Resolution of Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:1069-1078. [PMID: 30659109 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variants in C5orf30 have been associated with development of the autoimmune conditions primary biliary cirrhosis and rheumatoid arthritis. In rheumatoid arthritis, C5orf30 expression is cell-specific, with highest expression found in macrophages and synovial fibroblasts. C5orf30 is highly expressed in inflamed joints and is a negative regulator of tissue damage in a mouse model of inflammatory arthritis. Transcriptomic analysis from ultrasound-guided synovial biopsy of inflamed joints in a well characterized clinical cohort of newly diagnosed, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs-naive rheumatoid arthritis patients was used to determine the clinical association of C5orf30 expression with disease activity. A combined molecular and computational biology approach was used to elucidate C5orf30 function in macrophages both in vitro and in vivo. Synovial expression of C5orf30 is inversely correlated with both clinical measures of rheumatoid arthritis disease activity and with synovial TNF mRNA expression. C5orf30 plays a role in regulating macrophage phenotype and is differentially turned over in inflammatory and anti-inflammatory macrophages. Inhibition of C5orf30 reduces wound healing/repair-associated functions of macrophages, reduces signaling required for resolution of inflammation, and decreases secretion of anti-inflammatory mediators. In an animal model of wound healing (zebrafish), C5orf30 inhibition increases the recruitment of macrophages to the wound site. Finally, we demonstrate that C5orf30 skews macrophage immunometabolism, demonstrating a mechanism for C5orf30-mediated immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R Dorris
- University College Dublin Centre for Arthritis Research, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin D04 W6F6, Ireland;
| | | | - John Moylett
- University College Dublin Centre for Arthritis Research, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin D04 W6F6, Ireland
| | - Nandhini Ramamoorthi
- Biomarker Discovery OMNI, Genentech Research and Early Development, San Francisco, CA 94080; and
| | - Jason Hackney
- Biomarker Discovery OMNI, Genentech Research and Early Development, San Francisco, CA 94080; and
| | - Michael Townsend
- Biomarker Discovery OMNI, Genentech Research and Early Development, San Francisco, CA 94080; and
| | | | - Myles J Lewis
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry and Barts Health National Health Service Trust, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry and Barts Health National Health Service Trust, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony G Wilson
- University College Dublin Centre for Arthritis Research, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin D04 W6F6, Ireland
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Tao YX, Conn PM. Pharmacoperones as Novel Therapeutics for Diverse Protein Conformational Diseases. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:697-725. [PMID: 29442594 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00029.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
After synthesis, proteins are folded into their native conformations aided by molecular chaperones. Dysfunction in folding caused by genetic mutations in numerous genes causes protein conformational diseases. Membrane proteins are more prone to misfolding due to their more intricate folding than soluble proteins. Misfolded proteins are detected by the cellular quality control systems, especially in the endoplasmic reticulum, and proteins may be retained there for eventual degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system or through autophagy. Some misfolded proteins aggregate, leading to pathologies in numerous neurological diseases. In vitro, modulating mutant protein folding by altering molecular chaperone expression can ameliorate some misfolding. Some small molecules known as chemical chaperones also correct mutant protein misfolding in vitro and in vivo. However, due to their lack of specificity, their potential as therapeutics is limited. Another class of compounds, known as pharmacological chaperones (pharmacoperones), binds with high specificity to misfolded proteins, either as enzyme substrates or receptor ligands, leading to decreased folding energy barriers and correction of the misfolding. Because many of the misfolded proteins are misrouted but do not have defects in function per se, pharmacoperones have promising potential in advancing to the clinic as therapeutics, since correcting routing may ameliorate the underlying mechanism of disease. This review will comprehensively summarize this exciting area of research, surveying the literature from in vitro studies in cell lines to transgenic animal models and clinical trials in several protein misfolding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xiong Tao
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama ; and Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center , Lubbock, Texas
| | - P Michael Conn
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama ; and Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center , Lubbock, Texas
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Lang J, Cheng Y, Rolfe A, Hammack C, Vera D, Kyle K, Wang J, Meissner TB, Ren Y, Cowan C, Tang H. An hPSC-Derived Tissue-Resident Macrophage Model Reveals Differential Responses of Macrophages to ZIKV and DENV Infection. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 11:348-362. [PMID: 29983385 PMCID: PMC6092684 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) are two closely related flaviviruses that lead to different clinical outcomes. The mechanism for the distinct pathogenesis of ZIKV and DENV is poorly understood. Here, we investigate ZIKV and DENV infection of macrophages using a human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived macrophage model and discover key virus-specific responses. ZIKV and DENV productively infect hPSC-derived macrophages. DENV, but not ZIKV, infection of macrophages strongly activates macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) secretion and decreases macrophage migration. Neutralization of MIF leads to improved migratory ability of DENV-infected macrophages. In contrast, ZIKV-infected macrophages exhibit prolonged migration and express low levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Mechanistically, ZIKV disrupts the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-MIF positive feedback loop by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. Our results demonstrate the utility of hPSC-derived macrophages in infectious disease modeling and suggest that the distinct impact of ZIKV and DENV on macrophage immune response may underlie different pathogenesis of Zika and dengue diseases. An hPSC-derived tissue-resident macrophage model for ZIKV and DENV infection ZIKV-, but not DENV-, infected macrophages maintain migratory capacity ZIKV, but not DENV, inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines expression ZIKV disrupts NF-κB-MIF positive feedback loop by inhibiting NF-κB pathway
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshe Lang
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, 319 Stadium Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32306-4295, USA
| | - Yichen Cheng
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, 319 Stadium Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32306-4295, USA
| | - Alyssa Rolfe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
| | - Christy Hammack
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, 319 Stadium Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32306-4295, USA
| | - Daniel Vera
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Kathleen Kyle
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Jingying Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
| | - Torsten B Meissner
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
| | - Chad Cowan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Hengli Tang
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, 319 Stadium Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32306-4295, USA.
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Markossian S, Ang KK, Wilson CG, Arkin MR. Small-Molecule Screening for Genetic Diseases. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2018; 19:263-288. [PMID: 29799800 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-083117-021452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The genetic determinants of many diseases, including monogenic diseases and cancers, have been identified; nevertheless, targeted therapy remains elusive for most. High-throughput screening (HTS) of small molecules, including high-content analysis (HCA), has been an important technology for the discovery of molecular tools and new therapeutics. HTS can be based on modulation of a known disease target (called reverse chemical genetics) or modulation of a disease-associated mechanism or phenotype (forward chemical genetics). Prominent target-based successes include modulators of transthyretin, used to treat transthyretin amyloidoses, and the BCR-ABL kinase inhibitor Gleevec, used to treat chronic myelogenous leukemia. Phenotypic screening successes include modulators of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, splicing correctors for spinal muscular atrophy, and histone deacetylase inhibitors for cancer. Synthetic lethal screening, in which chemotherapeutics are screened for efficacy against specific genetic backgrounds, is a promising approach that merges phenotype and target. In this article, we introduce HTS technology and highlight its contributions to the discovery of drugs and probes for monogenic diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarine Markossian
- Small Molecule Discovery Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA; , , ,
| | - Kenny K Ang
- Small Molecule Discovery Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA; , , ,
| | - Christopher G Wilson
- Small Molecule Discovery Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA; , , ,
| | - Michelle R Arkin
- Small Molecule Discovery Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA; , , ,
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Borger DK, McMahon B, Roshan Lal T, Serra-Vinardell J, Aflaki E, Sidransky E. Induced pluripotent stem cell models of lysosomal storage disorders. Dis Model Mech 2018; 10:691-704. [PMID: 28592657 PMCID: PMC5483008 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.029009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have provided new opportunities to explore the cell biology and pathophysiology of human diseases, and the lysosomal storage disorder research community has been quick to adopt this technology. Patient-derived iPSC models have been generated for a number of lysosomal storage disorders, including Gaucher disease, Pompe disease, Fabry disease, metachromatic leukodystrophy, the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses, Niemann-Pick types A and C1, and several of the mucopolysaccharidoses. Here, we review the strategies employed for reprogramming and differentiation, as well as insights into disease etiology gleaned from the currently available models. Examples are provided to illustrate how iPSC-derived models can be employed to develop new therapeutic strategies for these disorders. We also discuss how models of these rare diseases could contribute to an enhanced understanding of more common neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, and discuss key challenges and opportunities in this area of research. Summary: This Review discusses how induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide new opportunities to explore the biology and pathophysiology of lysosomal storage diseases, and how iPSCs have illuminated the role of lysosomes in more common disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Borger
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Benjamin McMahon
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tamanna Roshan Lal
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jenny Serra-Vinardell
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elma Aflaki
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Pitcairn C, Wani WY, Mazzulli JR. Dysregulation of the autophagic-lysosomal pathway in Gaucher and Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 122:72-82. [PMID: 29550539 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The finding that mutations in the Gaucher's Disease (GD) gene GBA1 are a strong risk factor for Parkinson's Disease (PD) has allowed for unique insights into pathophysiology centered on disruption of the autophagic-lysosomal pathway. Protein aggregations in the form of Lewy bodies and the effects of canonical PD mutations that converge on the lysosomal degradation system suggest that neurodegeneration in PD is mediated by dysregulation of protein homeostasis. The well-characterized clinical and pathological relationship between PD and the lysosomal storage disorder GD emphasizes the importance of dysregulated protein metabolism in neurodegeneration, and one intriguing piece of this relationship is a shared phenotype of autophagic-lysosomal dysfunction in both diseases. Translational application of these findings may be accelerated by the use of midbrain dopamine neuronal models derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that recapitulate several pathological features of GD and PD. In this review, we discuss evidence linking autophagic dysfunction to the pathophysiology of GD and GBA1-linked parkinsonism and focus more specifically on studies performed recently in iPSC-derived neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Pitcairn
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Willayat Yousuf Wani
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Joseph R Mazzulli
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gaucher disease, the autosomal recessive deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase, is associated with wide phenotypic diversity including non-neuronopathic, acute neuronopathic, and chronic neuronopathic forms. Overlap between types can render definitive diagnoses difficult. However, differentiating between the different phenotypes is essential due to the vast differences in clinical outcomes and response to therapy. Genotypic information is helpful, but cannot always be used to make clinical predictions. Current treatments for Gaucher disease, including enzyme replacement therapy and substrate reduction therapy, can reverse many of the non-neurological manifestations, but these therapies must be administered continually and are extremely costly. AREAS COVERED We reviewed the literature concerning the varied clinical presentations of Gaucher disease throughout the lifetime, along with treatment options, management goals, and current and future research challenges. A PubMed literature search was performed for relevant publications between 1991 to January 2018. EXPERT COMMENTARY Interest and research in the field of Gaucher disease is rapidly expanding. However, significant barriers remain in our ability to predict phenotype, assess disease progression using objective biomarkers, and determine optimal treatment strategy on an individual basis. As the field grows, we anticipate identification of genetic modifiers, new biomarkers, and small-molecule chaperone therapies, which may improve patient quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam E Gary
- a Medical Genetics Branch , NHGRI, NIH , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Emory Ryan
- a Medical Genetics Branch , NHGRI, NIH , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Alta M Steward
- a Medical Genetics Branch , NHGRI, NIH , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- a Medical Genetics Branch , NHGRI, NIH , Bethesda , MD , USA
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50
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Banovich NE, Li YI, Raj A, Ward MC, Greenside P, Calderon D, Tung PY, Burnett JE, Myrthil M, Thomas SM, Burrows CK, Romero IG, Pavlovic BJ, Kundaje A, Pritchard JK, Gilad Y. Impact of regulatory variation across human iPSCs and differentiated cells. Genome Res 2017; 28:122-131. [PMID: 29208628 PMCID: PMC5749177 DOI: 10.1101/gr.224436.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are an essential tool for studying cellular differentiation and cell types that are otherwise difficult to access. We investigated the use of iPSCs and iPSC-derived cells to study the impact of genetic variation on gene regulation across different cell types and as models for studies of complex disease. To do so, we established a panel of iPSCs from 58 well-studied Yoruba lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs); 14 of these lines were further differentiated into cardiomyocytes. We characterized regulatory variation across individuals and cell types by measuring gene expression levels, chromatin accessibility, and DNA methylation. Our analysis focused on a comparison of inter-individual regulatory variation across cell types. While most cell-type-specific regulatory quantitative trait loci (QTLs) lie in chromatin that is open only in the affected cell types, we found that 20% of cell-type-specific regulatory QTLs are in shared open chromatin. This observation motivated us to develop a deep neural network to predict open chromatin regions from DNA sequence alone. Using this approach, we were able to use the sequences of segregating haplotypes to predict the effects of common SNPs on cell-type-specific chromatin accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E Banovich
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Yang I Li
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Anil Raj
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Michelle C Ward
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Peyton Greenside
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Diego Calderon
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Po Yuan Tung
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Jonathan E Burnett
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Marsha Myrthil
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Samantha M Thomas
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Courtney K Burrows
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Irene Gallego Romero
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Bryan J Pavlovic
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Anshul Kundaje
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Jonathan K Pritchard
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Yoav Gilad
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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