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Liu Z, Fan T, Mo X, Kan J, Zhang B. Association between multiple sclerosis and cancer risk: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298271. [PMID: 38502664 PMCID: PMC10950213 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an immune-related disease and the relationship between MS and cancer has raised attention. Previous studies of the relationship between MS and cancer have reached conflicting conclusions. In this study, the two-sample MR method is used to investigate whether MS has a causal correlation with cancers and offer scientific evidence for cancer prevention. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to MS were obtained from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) based on International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium (IMSGC) and SNPs related to 15 types of cancers were obtained from the GWASs based on UK Biobank. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was mainly used to assess causal effects. Sensitivity analyses were conducted with Cochran's Q-test, MR Egger intercept, leave-one-out test, and MR Steiger method. IVW analysis showed that MS was only associated with a marginal increased risk of cervical cancer (OR 1.0004, 95% CI 1.0002-1.0007, p = 0.0003). Sensitivity analyses showed that the results of MR analysis were robust and found no heterogeneity, no pleiotropy, and no reverse causation. In conclusion, this study finds no causal relationship between MS and 15 types of cancers except cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Liu
- VIP Inpatient Department, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Teng Fan
- VIP Inpatient Department, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Mo
- VIP Inpatient Department, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jun Kan
- VIP Inpatient Department, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Bei Zhang
- VIP Inpatient Department, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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2
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Sijben J, Peters Y, Rainey L, Gashi M, Broeders MJ, Siersema PD. Professionals' views on the justification for esophageal adenocarcinoma screening: A systematic literature search and qualitative analysis. Prev Med Rep 2023; 34:102264. [PMID: 37273526 PMCID: PMC10236474 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Screening for early esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), including screening for its precursor Barrett's esophagus (BE), has the potential to reduce EAC-related mortality and morbidity. This literature review aimed to explore professionals' views on the justification for EAC screening. A systematic search of Ovid Medline, EMBASE, and PsycInfo, from January 1, 2000 to September 22, 2022, identified 5 original studies and 63 expert opinion articles reporting professionals' perspectives on EAC screening. Included articles were qualitatively analyzed using the framework method, which was deductively led by modernized screening principles. The analyses showed that many professionals are optimistic about technological advancements in BE detection and treatment. However, views on whether the societal burden of EAC merits screening were contradictory. In addition, knowledge of the long-term benefits and risks of EAC screening is still considered insufficient. There is no consensus on who to screen, how often to screen, which screening test to use, and how to manage non-dysplastic BE. Professionals further point out the need to develop technology that facilitates automated test sample processing and public education strategies that avoid causing disproportionately high cancer worry and social stigma. In conclusion, modernized screening principles are currently insufficiently fulfilled to justify widespread screening for EAC. Results from future clinical screening trials and risk prediction modeling studies may shift professionals' thoughts regarding justification for EAC screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmijn Sijben
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yonne Peters
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Rainey
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mejdan Gashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mireille J.M. Broeders
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Dutch Expert Center for Screening, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter D. Siersema
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Zu S, Zhang Z, Liu Q, Wang Z, Song Z, Guo Y, Xin Y, Zhang S. 4D printing of core–shell hydrogel capsules for smart controlled drug release. Biodes Manuf 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-021-00175-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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4
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Jin C, Li R, Deng T, Lin Z, Li H, Yang Y, Su Q, Wang J, Yang Y, Wang J, Chen G, Wang Y. Association between dried fruit intake and pan-cancers incidence risk: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:899137. [PMID: 35923199 PMCID: PMC9339715 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.899137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Observational studies have revealed that dried fruit intake may be associated with cancer incidence; however, confounding factors make the results prone to be disturbed. Therefore, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to explore the causal relationship between dried fruit intake and 11 site-specific cancers. Materials and methods Forty-three single nucleoside polymers (SNPs) with robust genome-wide association study (GWAS) evidence, strongly correlated with dried fruit intake, were used as instrumental variables (IVs) in this study. The summary-level genetic datasets of site-specific cancers were obtained from the Oncoarray oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer consortium, International Lung Cancer Consortium, Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC), Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium, PanScan1, and GWAS of other scholars. We analyzed the causality between dried fruit intake and 11 site-specific cancers using the inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) and weighted median (WM) methods. For the results of the MR analysis, Cochran's Q test was used to check for heterogeneity, and multiplicative random effects were used to evaluate the heterogeneity further. Gene pleiotropy was tested using MR-Egger regression and MR-PRESSO methods. In addition, the main results of this study were validated by using the summary statistical data from the FinnGen and UK Biobank databases, and adjusted body mass index (BMI), years of education, fresh fruit intake, and vitamin C using multivariable MR analysis to ensure the stability of the research results. Results The evidence from IVW analyses showed that each increase of dried fruit intake by one standard deviation was statistically significantly associated with 82.68% decrease of oral cavity/pharyngeal cancer incidence risk (P = 0.0131), 67.01% decrease of lung cancer incidence risk (P = 0.0011), 77% decrease of squamous cell lung cancer incidence risk (P = 0.0026), 53.07% decrease of breast cancer incidence risk (P = 4.62 × 10-5), 39.72% decrease of ovarian cancer incidence risk (P = 0.0183), 97.26% decrease of pancreatic cancer incidence risk (P = 0.0280), 0.53% decrease of cervical cancer incidence risk (P = 0.0482); however, there was no significant effect on lung adenocarcinoma (P = 0.4343), endometrial cancer (P = 0.8742), thyroid cancer (P = 0.6352), prostate cancer (P = 0.5354), bladder cancer (P = 0.8996), and brain cancer (P = 0.8164). In the validation part of the study results, the causal relationship between dried fruit intake and lung cancer (P = 0.0043), squamous cell lung cancer (P = 0.0136), and breast cancer (P = 0.0192) was determined. After adjusting for the potential impact of confounders, the causal relationship between dried fruit intake and lung cancer (P = 0.0034), squamous cell lung cancer (P = 0.046), and breast cancer (P = 0.0001) remained. The sensitivity analysis showed that our results were stable and reliable. Conclusion The intake of dried fruits may have a protective effect against some site-specific cancers. Therefore, health education and a reasonable adjustment of dietary proportions may help in the primary prevention of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tuo Deng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zixia Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haoqi Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jingxian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Juejin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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5
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Koo MM, Unger-Saldaña K, Mwaka AD, Corbex M, Ginsburg O, Walter FM, Calanzani N, Moodley J, Rubin GP, Lyratzopoulos G. Conceptual Framework to Guide Early Diagnosis Programs for Symptomatic Cancer as Part of Global Cancer Control. JCO Glob Oncol 2021; 7:35-45. [PMID: 33405957 PMCID: PMC8081530 DOI: 10.1200/go.20.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosing cancer earlier can enable timely treatment and optimize outcomes. Worldwide, national cancer control plans increasingly encompass early diagnosis programs for symptomatic patients, commonly comprising awareness campaigns to encourage prompt help-seeking for possible cancer symptoms and health system policies to support prompt diagnostic assessment and access to treatment. By their nature, early diagnosis programs involve complex public health interventions aiming to address unmet health needs by acting on patient, clinical, and system factors. However, there is uncertainty regarding how to optimize the design and evaluation of such interventions. We propose that decisions about early diagnosis programs should consider four interrelated components: first, the conduct of a needs assessment (based on cancer-site-specific statistics) to identify the cancers that may benefit most from early diagnosis in the target population; second, the consideration of symptom epidemiology to inform prioritization within an intervention; third, the identification of factors influencing prompt help-seeking at individual and system level to support the design and evaluation of interventions; and finally, the evaluation of factors influencing the health systems' capacity to promptly assess patients. This conceptual framework can be used by public health researchers and policy makers to identify the greatest evidence gaps and guide the design and evaluation of local early diagnosis programs as part of broader cancer control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjoung Monica Koo
- Epidemiology of Cancer Healthcare and Outcomes (ECHO) Research Group, Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karla Unger-Saldaña
- CONACYT (National Council of Science and Technology)–National Cancer Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Amos D. Mwaka
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Ophira Ginsburg
- Perlmutter Cancer Center and the Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Fiona M. Walter
- The Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Calanzani
- The Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Moodley
- Women's Health Research Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Cancer Research Initiative, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- SAMRC Gynaecology Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Greg P. Rubin
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Sir James Spence Institute, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Georgios Lyratzopoulos
- Epidemiology of Cancer Healthcare and Outcomes (ECHO) Research Group, Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Ngan TT, Nguyen NTQ, Van Minh H, Donnelly M, O'Neill C. Effectiveness of clinical breast examination as a 'stand-alone' screening modality: an overview of systematic reviews. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1070. [PMID: 33167942 PMCID: PMC7653771 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07521-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is uncertainty about the effectiveness of clinical breast examination (CBE) and conflicting recommendations regarding its usefulness as a screening tool for breast cancer. This paper provides an overview of systematic reviews that assessed the effectiveness of CBE as a 'stand-alone' screening modality for breast cancer compared to no screening and focused on its value in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for systematic reviews reporting the effectiveness of CBE published prior to October 29, 2019. The main outcomes assessed were mortality and down staging. The AMSTAR 2 checklist was used to assess the methodological quality of the reviews including risk of bias. RESULTS Eleven systematic reviews published between 1993 and 2019 were identified. There was no direct evidence that CBE reduced breast cancer mortality. Indirect evidence suggested that a well-performed CBE achieved the same effect as mammography regarding mortality despite its apparently lower sensitivity (40-69% for CBE vs 77-95% for mammography). Greater sensitivity was recorded among younger and Asian women. Moreover, CBE contributed between 17 and 47% of the shift from advanced to early stage cancer. CONCLUSIONS CBE merits attention from health system and service planners in LMICs where a national screening programme based on mammography would be prohibitively expensive. In particular, it is likely that considerable value would be gained from conducting implementation scientific research in countries with large numbers of Asian women and/or where younger women are at higher risk. REGISTRATION PROSPERO, registration number CRD42019126798 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Thu Ngan
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Nga T Q Nguyen
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Department of Pharmaceutical Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Hoang Van Minh
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Michael Donnelly
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Ciaran O'Neill
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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7
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Nguyen TTH, Sodnom-Ish B, Choi SW, Jung HI, Cho J, Hwang I, Kim SM. Salivary biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 46:301-312. [PMID: 33122454 PMCID: PMC7609938 DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2020.46.5.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In disease diagnostics and health surveillance, the use of saliva has potential because its collection is convenient and noninvasive. Over the past two decades, the development of salivary utilization for the early detection of cancer, especially oral cavity and oropharynx cancer has gained the interest of the researcher and clinician. Until recently, the oral cavity and oropharynx cancers are still having a five-year survival rate of 62%, one of the lowest in all major human cancers. More than 90% of oral cancers are oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Despite the ease of accessing the oral cavity in clinical examination, most OSCC lesions are not diagnosed in the early stage, which is suggested to be the main cause of the low survival rate. Many studies have been performed and reported more than 100 potential saliva biomarkers for OSCC. However, there are still obstacles in figuring out the reliable OSCC salivary biomarkers and the clinical application of the early diagnosis protocol. The current review article discusses the emerging issues and is hoped to raise awareness of this topic in both researchers and clinicians. We also suggested the potential salivary biomarkers that are reliable, specific, and sensitive for the early detection of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truc Thi Hoang Nguyen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Buyanbileg Sodnom-Ish
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Weon Choi
- Oral Oncology Clinic, Research Institute & Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hyo-Il Jung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Soung Min Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Oral and Maxillofacial Microvascular Reconstruction LAB, Brong Ahafo Regional Hospital, Sunyani, Ghana
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8
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Mensah KB, Mensah ABB. Cancer control in Ghana: A narrative review in global context. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04564. [PMID: 32775744 PMCID: PMC7404540 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, cancer is likely to be ranked as the leading cause of death among non-communicable diseases in the 21st century. In Ghana, estimates suggest that the disease is expected to increase continuously. The best way to address the increasing burden is through a comprehensive cancer control program. This paper presents an appraisal of the literature, reports and, studies that seek to highlight strategies for cancer control globally and in Ghana. In consideration of literature, a search of relevant databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Google, International organizations web pages, International reports, Ministry of Health of Ghana reports, and textbooks) was performed. A narrative review of the background information on this subject is provided to inform future research on cancer control. This review was conducted as part of a study to involve community pharmacists in cancer detection and prevention in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kofi Boamah Mensah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Science, College of Health Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Ghana
- University of KwaZulu-Natal, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Westville Campus, University Road, Durban, South Africa
| | - Adwoa Bemah Boamah Mensah
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Ghana
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9
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Tan YJN, Yong WP, Kochhar JS, Khanolkar J, Yao X, Sun Y, Ao CK, Soh S. On-demand fully customizable drug tablets via 3D printing technology for personalized medicine. J Control Release 2020; 322:42-52. [PMID: 32145267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Personalized medicine should ideally be prescribed to every individual because of the unique characteristics (e.g., biological, physical, and medical) of each individual. It is, however, challenging to provide personalized medicine for the mass population of specific individuals effectively and efficiently. This manuscript describes a method of fabricating fully customizable drug tablets for personalized medicine by the 3D printing technology. This method involves the versatile fabrication of the tablets via the specifically designed 3D printed molds of different shapes and sizes, and an intuitive 1-dimensional release of drug that relates the shape of the drug-containing matrix to the release profile. The customization includes all the aspects of varying dosage, duration, release profiles, and combination of multiple drugs. In particular, it has previously been technically difficult to devise a single platform that fabricates carriers that release drug with any desired type of release profiles. This method of fabricating fully customizable tablets is simple, inexpensive, and efficient. Detailed selection and investigation of the materials ensured that the tablet and the method of fabrication are safe (e.g., biocompatible, FDA-approved ingredients used) and other desirable features (e.g., sustained release and high dosage) are achieved. These desirable characteristics of the method thus allow fully customizable drug tablets to be fabricated efficiently on the spot after the diagnosis of individual patients; at the same time, the method can be made widely accessible to the mass population. Hence, the concept of personalized medicine can truly be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jie Neriah Tan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Wai Pong Yong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Jaspreet Singh Kochhar
- Procter & Gamble International Operations SA Singapore Branch, 70 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138547, Singapore
| | - Jayant Khanolkar
- Procter & Gamble International Operations SA Singapore Branch, 70 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138547, Singapore
| | - Xiukai Yao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Yajuan Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Chi Kit Ao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Siowling Soh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
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10
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Albeshan SM, Hossain SZ, Mackey MG, Brennan PC. Can Breast Self-examination and Clinical Breast Examination Along With Increasing Breast Awareness Facilitate Earlier Detection of Breast Cancer in Populations With Advanced Stages at Diagnosis? Clin Breast Cancer 2020; 20:194-200. [PMID: 32147405 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer among women worldwide. Early detection is central to improving disease outcomes. Three main screening methods - mammography, breast self-examination (BSE), and clinical breast examination (CBE) - have been developed and tested in Western nations. There is ongoing debate regarding the efficacy of BSE and CBE in terms of mortality reduction, and a number of international organizations no longer recommend them as screening methods. In technically less developed countries, however, where women are usually diagnosed with breast cancer at advanced stages and younger ages, the benefits of BSE and CBE might outweigh the harm and facilitate early detection of breast cancer. This paper reviews the history of BSE and CBE and discusses their value as early detection methods. It can contribute to informed decision-making by health policy-makers and clinicians who are involved in breast cancer screening in the developing world to improve women's well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman M Albeshan
- Medical Radiation Sciences, Medical Image Optimization and Perception Group (MIOPeG), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University (KSU), Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Syeda Z Hossain
- Discipline of Behavioural and Social Sciences in Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Martin G Mackey
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Patrick C Brennan
- Medical Radiation Sciences, Medical Image Optimization and Perception Group (MIOPeG), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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11
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Zafra-Tanaka JH, Tenorio-Mucha J, Villarreal-Zegarra D, Carrillo-Larco R, Bernabe-Ortiz A. Cancer-related mortality in Peru: Trends from 2003 to 2016. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228867. [PMID: 32027719 PMCID: PMC7004369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the last decade, Latin American (LA) countries, like Peru, have undergone an epidemiological transition that has changed the pattern of oncological cases. Given that Peru's oncological pattern could illustrate those of other LA countries, we aimed at determining trends and changes in cancer-related mortality by age and sex in Peru between 2003 and 2016. METHODS AND RESULTS A secondary data analysis using national deaths registries was conducted. Categories were created according to the 27 most frequent sites of presentation of cancer. We found that deaths attributed to cancer increased from 15.4% of all deaths in 2003 to 18.1% in 2016 (p<0.001). According to the cancer site, stomach cancer (19.1%) and lung cancer (11.5%) were the most frequent causes of death overall. In childhood (0 to 14 years), the two most frequent fatal cancers were leukemia (54.6% for boys and 53.5% for girls) and brain and nervous system tumors (19.4% for boys and 20.3% for girls). For teenagers and young male adults (15-49 years), stomach cancer (18.1%) and brain cancer (17.4%) were the leading causes of death; in their female counterparts, cervix uteri (20.0%) and breast cancer (16.1%) were the most mortal cancers. In adults (≥50 years), stomach (20.9% for men and 18.6% for women) and lung (12.7% for men and 10.4% for women) were the leading contributors to the burden of cancer deaths. CONCLUSIONS Between the years 2003 and 2016, almost one fifth of deaths were attributed to cancer in Peru. Absolute and relative number of deaths due to cancer has increased in this period for both men and women; however, standardized mortality rates due to cancer have declined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica H. Zafra-Tanaka
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Janeth Tenorio-Mucha
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - David Villarreal-Zegarra
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Rodrigo Carrillo-Larco
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centro de Estudios de Población, Universidad Católica los Ángeles de Chimbote (ULADECH), Chimbote, Peru
| | - Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
- * E-mail:
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12
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A systems approach to clinical oncology uses deep phenotyping to deliver personalized care. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2019; 17:183-194. [DOI: 10.1038/s41571-019-0273-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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Kobyakova OS, Kulikov ES, Malykh RD, Chernogoryuk GE, Deev IA, Starovoytova EA, Kirillova NA, Zagromova TA, Balaganskaya MA. Strategies for the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases: a modern look at the problem. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2019. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2019-4-92-98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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14
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Zhang Y, Ye W, Yang C, Xu Z. Simultaneous quantitative detection of multiple tumor markers in microfluidic nanoliter-volume droplets. Talanta 2019; 205:120096. [PMID: 31450456 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.06.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We developed a simultaneous detection method for multiple tumor markers (TMs) in microfluidic droplets based on a multiple fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) system. In this system, graphene oxide (GO) was used as the single quencher, while the multi-color quantum dots (QDs) labeled on different aptamers were employed as energy donors. When the aptamers were adsorbed onto GO due to the π-π stacking interaction, QDs were drawn to the surface of GO and quenched by it. Once the TMs were introduced, the corresponding fluorescence of QDs was recovered obviously owing to the preferential interaction of aptamers with the TMs. Here, the multi-FRET system was encapsulated into nanoliter-volume droplets by a simple T-junction microfluidic chip. The targets could be detected rapidly as the generated droplets flew through the integrated on-line detection zone. Three tumor markers, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF165) could be detected simultaneously in 33 nL-volume droplets, which is only 1/3000 of the volume of the sample consumed in the conventional fluorescence spectrophotometer. In addition, the signals corresponding to different TM targets in one nanoliter-volume droplet could be read out at the same time, and the signals could be output continuously owing to the uninterruptible generation of droplets. Even with a signal acquisition frequency of 55 droplets per minute, the multi-FRET biosensing system has linear ranges of 0.50-70 ng mL-1 for CEA, 0.25-70 ng mL-1 for PSA and 0.50-70 ng mL-1 for VEGF165. The detection limits of CEA, PSA and VEGF165 were calculated to be 0.15 ng mL-1, 0.035 ng mL-1 and 0.11 ng mL-1, respectively. The method was also validated by analyzing human serum sample dilutions. The proposed multi-FRET-based system has potential to become a powerful tool for rapid, low-cost and simultaneous detection of multiple tumor markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhi Zhang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Wenqi Ye
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Chunguang Yang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - Zhangrun Xu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.
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15
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Safety and efficacy of aspirin for primary prevention of cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:1795-1809. [PMID: 31098750 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-02932-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the United States, cancer is the second leading cause of mortality, and millions more battle cancer worldwide. As such, primary prevention of cancer is a major interest globally. Aspirin has been studied as a primary prevention method for multiple diseases, mainly cardiovascular disease and various forms of cancer. The role of aspirin as a primary prevention of cancer is still controversial and may be more beneficial in certain cancers over others. With rapidly surfacing large randomized controlled trials (RCTs) studying this subject, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of aspirin as a primary prophylaxis for cancer. METHODS A comprehensive electronic database search was conducted for all RCTs that compared aspirin versus placebo for the prevention of any type of disease, and where cancer incidence or mortality was reported. The primary outcome was cancerrelated mortality. Secondary outcomes were cancer incidence, all-cause mortality, major bleeding, any bleeding and gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. We calculated risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effects model at the longest follow-up period. RESULTS We included 16 RCTs with 104,018 total patients, mean age of 60.51 years, mean follow-up of 5.48 years, and a male percentage of 38.72%. We found that aspirin was not associated with a significant reduction of cancer-related mortality compared with placebo (RR 0.99; 95% CI: 0.87-1.12; P = 0.85: I2 = 41%). Compared with placebo, aspirin was not associated with significant reduction of all-cause mortality (RR 0.97; 95% CI: 0.92-1.02; P = 0.19; I2 = 13%) or cancer incidence (RR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.92-1.04; P = 0.43; I2 = 16%). However, aspirin treatment was associated with significantly increased risks of any bleeding (RR 1.63; 95% CI: 1.31-2.03; P < 0.01), major bleeding (RR 1.41; 95% CI: 1.26-1.57; P < 0.01), and GI bleeding (RR 1.85; 95% CI: 1.38-2.48; P < 0.01) compared with placebo. CONCLUSION Our study did not find any significant reductions in cancer-related mortality or cancer incidence when compared aspirin use with placebo or no aspirin. Our study also highlights that the use of aspirin for primary prevention of cancer was found to cause higher rates of bleeding (any bleeding, major bleeding, and GI bleeding) compared to placebo or no aspirin at the longest follow-up period with no significant benefit in cancer primary prevention.
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16
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Birnbaum JK, Duggan C, Anderson BO, Etzioni R. Early detection and treatment strategies for breast cancer in low-income and upper middle-income countries: a modelling study. LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH 2019; 6:e885-e893. [PMID: 30012269 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(18)30257-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor breast cancer survival in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) can be attributed to advanced-stage presentation and poor access to systemic therapy. We aimed to estimate the outcomes of different early detection strategies in combination with systemic chemotherapy and endocrine therapy in LMICs. METHODS We adapted a microsimulation model to project outcomes of three early detection strategies alone or in combination with three systemic treatment programmes beyond standard of care (programme A): programme B was endocrine therapy for all oestrogen-receptor (ER)-positive cases; programme C was programme B plus chemotherapy for ER-negative cases; programme D was programme C plus chemotherapy for advanced ER-positive cases. The main outcomes were reductions in breast cancer-related mortality and lives saved per 100 000 women relative to the standard of care for women aged 30-49 years in a low-income setting (East Africa; using incidence data and life tables from Uganda and data on tumour characteristics from various East African countries) and for women aged 50-69 years in a middle-income setting (Colombia). FINDINGS In the East African setting, relative mortality reductions were 8-41%, corresponding to 23 (95% uncertainty interval -12 to 49) to 114 (80 to 138) lives saved per 100 000 women over 10 years. In Colombia, mortality reductions were 7-25%, corresponding to 32 (-29 to 70) to 105 (61 to 141) lives saved per 100 000 women over 10 years. INTERPRETATION The best projected outcomes were in settings where access to both early detection and adjuvant therapy is improved. Even in the absence of mammographic screening, improvements in detection can provide substantial benefit in settings where advanced-stage presentation is common. FUNDING Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/University of Washington Cancer Consortium Cancer Center Support Grant of the US National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette K Birnbaum
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Catherine Duggan
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Benjamin O Anderson
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ruth Etzioni
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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17
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Stevens C, Smith SG, Quaife SL, Vrinten C, Waller J, Beeken RJ. Interest in lifestyle advice at lung cancer screening: Determinants and preferences. Lung Cancer 2019; 128:1-5. [PMID: 30642439 PMCID: PMC6345624 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2018.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer screening could be a 'teachable moment' for behaviour change. Little is known about how advice about smoking cessation, or other behavioural cancer risk factors, would be received in this setting. METHODS Using a population-based survey of 459 English adults (current smokers and recent quitters aged 50-75) we assessed willingness to receive lifestyle advice (about smoking, diet, weight, physical activity, alcohol consumption) at lung screening. Additional items assessed whether advice should be provided following abnormal screening results, the potential impact of advice on screening uptake, and preferred timing of advice. RESULTS Overall, 64% (n = 292) of participants were willing to receive lifestyle advice at lung screening. A greater proportion of participants were willing to receive advice in a scenario where results required further investigation (83%; p < 0.01). However, 14% indicated the provision of lifestyle advice would make them less willing to attend lung screening. Non-White ethnicity and greater cancer risk factor awareness were associated with willingness to receive advice (p < 0.05). Half of smokers (51%) were willing to receive cessation advice. There was also interest in advice about diet (47%), weight (43%), physical activity (32%), and alcohol consumption (17%) among people not meeting current recommendations for these behaviours. There was a preference for advice to be delivered at the screening appointment (38%, n = 108) over other time-points. CONCLUSIONS Lung screening may offer an opportunity to provide advice about behavioural cancer risk factors. Future work should consider how to deliver effective interventions in this setting to support behaviour change, without affecting screening uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Stevens
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Samuel G Smith
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9NL, UK
| | - Samantha L Quaife
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Charlotte Vrinten
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jo Waller
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Rebecca J Beeken
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9NL, UK.
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18
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Feng Y, Li Q, Chen J, Yi P, Xu X, Fan Y, Cui B, Yu Y, Li X, Du Y, Chen Q, Zhang L, Jiang J, Zhou X, Zhang P. Salivary protease spectrum biomarkers of oral cancer. Int J Oral Sci 2019; 11:7. [PMID: 30602733 PMCID: PMC6315043 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-018-0032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteases are important molecules that are involved in many physiological and pathological processes of the human body, such as growth, apoptosis and metastasis cancer cells. They are potential targets in cancer diagnosis and biotherapy. In this study, we analyzed the salivary protease spectrum of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), oral benign masses and chronic periodontitis, as well as that of health, using human protease array kits, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blot and immunofluorescence. The salivary protease spectrum was found to be associated with oral diseases. For example, the saliva of patients with OSCC contained increased numbers of proteases than those of other oral diseases and health. The levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-2, MMP-10, MMP-12, A disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM)9, A disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 13 motifs (ADAMST13), cathepsin V and kallikrein 5 in the saliva of patients with OSCC were significantly increased compared with those of other groups. Taking MMP-1, cathepsin V, kallikrein 5 and ADAM9 as biomarkers of OSCC, cutoff values were199, 11.34, 9.29 and 202.55 pg·mL-1, respectively. From the area under the curve, sensitivity and specificity, the combination of cathepsin V/kallikrein5/ADAM9 was an optimal biomarker for diagnosing OSCC. Thus, analysis of the salivary protease spectrum may be an innovative and cost-efficient approach to evaluating the health status of the oral cavity. Specifically, increases in cathepsin V, kallikrein 5 and ADAM9 may be useful biomarkers in the screening and diagnosis of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaping Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bomiao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | | | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Oliveira MMD, Latorre MDRDDO, Tanaka LF, Rossi BM, Curado MP. Disparities in colorectal cancer mortality across Brazilian States. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2018; 21:e180012. [PMID: 30156659 DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720180012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the trend of colorectal cancer mortality adjusted for selected indicators, according to sex, by Brazilian federative units and regions, and countrywide from 1996 to 2012. METHODS This is a temporal time series on colorectal cancer mortality rates, using linear regression analysis, in which the independent variable was the centered year. Models were adjusted for selected indicators. RESULTS There was an increase in standardized colorectal cancer mortality rates for males in all states and for females in 21 states. In the model adjusted for mortality rate from ill-defined causes, for gross domestic product, and for Gini coefficient, the upward trend remained statistically significant (p < 0.05) countrywide only for men, with 0.17 deaths per 100 thousand inhabitants per year (py). In the States of Piauí (0.09 and 0.20 py), Ceará (0.17 and 0.19 py) and Rio Grande do Sul (0.61 and 0.42 py), there was an increase for both men and women, respectively; only among men in the States of Paraíba (0.16 py), Espírito Santo (0.28 py), São Paulo (0.24 py) and Goiás (0.31 py); and among women in Roraima (0.41 py), Amapá (0.97 P/Y), Maranhão (0.10 py), Sergipe (0.46 P/Y), Mato Grosso do Sul (0.47 py), and the Federal District (0.69 py). CONCLUSION The increase in colorectal cancer mortality remained significant when assessing Brazil as a whole only among men; in seven States among men, and in nine States among women, regardless of the studied indicators. These differences could be related to the possible increase in incidence and to late access to diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Moura de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo - São Paulo (SP), Brasil.,Centro Internacional de Pesquisa, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center - São Paulo (SP), Brasil
| | | | - Luana Fiengo Tanaka
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo - São Paulo (SP), Brasil.,Chair of Epidemiology, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich - Munich, Germany
| | | | - Maria Paula Curado
- Centro Internacional de Pesquisa, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center - São Paulo (SP), Brasil.,International Prevention Research Institute - Écully, France
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20
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Are C, Meyer B, Stack A, Ahmad H, Smith L, Qian B, Song T, Chowdhury S. Global trends in the burden of liver cancer. J Surg Oncol 2017; 115:591-602. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.24518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandrakanth Are
- Division of Surgical Oncology; Department of Surgery; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha Nebraska
| | - Bria Meyer
- Division of Surgical Oncology; Department of Surgery; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha Nebraska
| | - Apollo Stack
- College of Medicine; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha Nebraska
| | - Humera Ahmad
- Department of Surgery; Gundersen Medical Foundation; La Crosse Wisconsin
| | - Lynette Smith
- College of Public Health; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha Nebraska
| | - Biyun Qian
- School of Public Health; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Tianqiang Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Tumor; Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Sanjib Chowdhury
- Section of Gastroenterology; Department of Medicine; Boston University Medical Center; Boston Massachusetts
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21
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Hua Z, Zheng X, Xue H, Wang J, Yao J. Long-term trends and survival analysis of esophageal and gastric cancer in Yangzhong, 1991-2013. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173896. [PMID: 28288195 PMCID: PMC5348038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the long-term trends of the incidence, mortality and survival of upper digestive tract cancers in a high-risk area of China. METHODS We extracted esophageal and gastric cancer cases diagnosed from 1991 to 2013 through the Yangzhong Cancer Registry and calculated the crude and age-standardized incidence and mortality rates. Cancer trends were calculated using the Joinpoint Regression Program and were reported using the annual percentage change (APC). The cancer-specific survival rates were evaluated and compared between groups using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. RESULTS The age-standardized incidence rate of esophageal cancer declined from 107.06 per 100,000 person-years (male: 118.05 per 100,000 person-years; female: 97.42 per 100,000 person-years) in 1991 to 37.04 per 100,000 person-years (male: 46.43 per 100,000 person-years; female: 27.26 per 100,000 person-years) in 2013, with an APC of -2.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): -3.4%, -1.5%) for males and -4.9% (95% CI:-5.8%, -3.9%) for females. The age-standardized incidence rate of gastric cancer was 165.11 per 100,000 person-years (male: 225.39 per 100,000 person-years; female: 113.34 per 100,000 person-years) in 1991 and 53.46 per 100,000 person-years (male: 76.51 per 100,000 person-years; female: 32.43 per 100,000 person-years) in 2013, with the APC of -3.6% (95% CI: -4.5%, -2.7%) for males and -4.8% (95% CI: -5.7%, -3.9%) for females. The median survival time was 3.0 years for patients with esophageal or gastric cancer. Cancer cases detected after 2004 had a better prognosis. CONCLUSIONS The age-standardized incidence rates of both esophageal and gastric cancer continuously decreased since 1991 through 2013, whereas the mortality rate remained stable before 2004 and significantly declined following the massive endoscopic screening program initiated in 2004. The survival probability of patients with esophageal and gastric cancer has improved obviously in recent decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolai Hua
- Department of Epidemiology, Yangzhong Cancer Research Institute, Yangzhong, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianzhi Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hengchuan Xue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, People’s Hospital of Yangzhong, Yangzhong, China
| | - Jianming Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhenjiang First People’s Hospital, Zhenjiang, China
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22
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Forman D, Sierra MS. Cancer in Central and South America: Introduction. Cancer Epidemiol 2016; 44 Suppl 1:S3-S10. [PMID: 27678321 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Central and South American countries (including Cuba) are experiencing rapid socio-demographic and epidemiologic changes and the nature of health problems are undergoing transition from infectious to chronic diseases, including cancer. Countries are poorly prepared to respond effectively to the subsequent challenges posed by the new patterns of disease. Existing data delineating the number of cancer cases and the distribution of cancer types from each country in the region are sparse due to limitations on health information systems for recording incidence and mortality despite improvements made in recent years. There is an urgent need for reliable statistics on cancer to inform governmental entities responsible for cancer control in the region. We attempted to obtain the best available cancer data from each country located in the region to provide an overview of current geographic patterns of cancer incidence and mortality in the 21st century.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Forman
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon Cedex 08, France.
| | - Monica S Sierra
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon Cedex 08, France
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Are C, Chowdhury S, Ahmad H, Ravipati A, Song T, Shrikandhe S, Smith L. Predictive global trends in the incidence and mortality of pancreatic cancer based on geographic location, socio-economic status, and demographic shift. J Surg Oncol 2016; 114:736-742. [PMID: 27511902 DOI: 10.1002/jso.24410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Pancreatic Cancer (PC) is a lethal malignancy that accounts for about 4% of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The aim of this study is to describe the influence of geography (based on WHO regions), socio-economic development (based on Human Development Index [HDI]) and demographic shift on the temporal trends in global incidence and mortality of PC. METHODS Data (2012-2030) relating to the incidence, mortality of PC and demographic shifts based on WHO regions and HDI areas were extracted from GLOBOCAN 2012. Linear regression was used to evaluate trends in total incidence and mortality. RESULTS We noted a definite association between PC and higher socio-economic status. Advanced age (age ≥65) contributed to the rising burden in all socio-economic regions of the world except in the Low Human Development (LHD) countries where the disease predominantly affected population <65 years of age. CONCLUSIONS The global burden of PC is expected to rise significantly over the next few decades regardless of geographic location, socio-economic development, age and gender. Advance knowledge of this data can help formulate strategies to specifically target countries and populations that promote public health policy to tackle this lethal disease on the global stage. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:736-742. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrakanth Are
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
| | - Sanjib Chowdhury
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Humera Ahmad
- Department of Surgery, Gundersen Medical Foundation, La Crosse, Wisconsin
| | | | - Tianqiang Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Lynette Smith
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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Sasidharan S, Bahadur D, Srivastava R. Albumin stabilized gold nanostars: a biocompatible nanoplatform for SERS, CT imaging and photothermal therapy of cancer. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11405a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Albumin stabilization of gold nanostars, which demonstrate high stability, biocompatibility, superior CT contrast, SERS and photothermal cytotoxicity towards cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dhirendra Bahadur
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science
- IIT Bombay
- Mumbai
- India
| | - Rohit Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering
- IIT Bombay
- Mumbai
- India
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25
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Lee JU, Nguyen AH, Sim S. A nanoplasmonic biosensor for label-free multiplex detection of cancer biomarkers. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 74:341-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ilbawi AM, Anderson BO. Global cancer consortiums: moving from consensus to practice. Ann Surg Oncol 2015; 22:719-27. [PMID: 25623597 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-014-4346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE AND DESIGN The failure to translate cancer knowledge into action contributes to regional, national, and international health inequities. Disparities in cancer care are the most severe in low-resource settings, where delivery obstacles are compounded by health infrastructure deficits and inadequate basic services. Global cancer consortiums (GCCs) have developed to strengthen cancer care expertise, advance knowledge on best practices, and bridge the cancer gap worldwide. Within the complex matrix of public health priorities, consensus is emerging on cost-effective cancer care interventions in low- and medium-resource countries, which include the critical role of surgical services. Distinct from traditional health partnerships that collaborate to provide care at the local level, GCCs collaborate more broadly to establish consensus on best practice models for service delivery. To realize the benefit of programmatic interventions and achieve tangible improvements in patient outcomes, GCCs must construct and share evidence-based implementation strategies to be tested in real world settings. REVIEW AND CONCLUSIONS Implementation research should inform consensus formation, program delivery, and outcome monitoring to achieve the goals articulated by GCCs. Fundamental steps to successful implementation are: (1) to adopt an integrated, multisectoral plan with local involvement; (2) to define shared implementation priorities by establishing care pathways that avoid prescriptive but suboptimal health care delivery; (3) to build capacity through education, technology transfer, and surveillance of outcomes; and (4) to promote equity and balanced collaboration. GCCs can bridge the gap between what is known and what is done, translating normative sharing of clinical expertise into tangible improvements in patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- André M Ilbawi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA,
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