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Neelon J, Yau I, Carlsson AH, Smithson SB, Varon DE, Chan CK, Chan RK, Nuutila K. Topical application of anti-inflammatory agents on burn wounds and their effect on healing. Burns 2024; 50:107290. [PMID: 39514958 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2024.107290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 09/20/2024] [Accepted: 10/13/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Advancements in the treatment of burns have considerably improved overall survival rates, but they have also highlighted several long-term sequelae related to the injury. Hypertrophic scars can impair function, reduce quality of life, and require multiple procedures as well as physical therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of topical application of anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of burns. Up to 15 deep-partial thickness burns were created on the dorsum of four anesthetized swine. Subsequently, the burn wounds were randomized to receive amiloride, celecoxib, dexamethasone or minocycline mixed in a hydrogel. Silver sulfadiazine cream and blank hydrogel acted as controls. The animals were followed for 90 days and the wounds were assessed on days 3, 7, 14, 28 and 90 post-burn. Assessments were performed using photographs (macroscopic healing, contraction), laser-speckle imaging (blood perfusion), 3D camera (scarring, pigmentation), and histology (inflammation, burn depth, epidermal maturation). Inflammation was present in all burn wound histology specimens and peaked on day 7 in all groups. Regardless of the treatment the burns progressed and were deeper on day 7 in comparison to day 3. The burns were 50 - 80 % healed by day 14, but no significant differences were observed. No differences in epidermal thickness, rete ridges, contraction, hypopigmentation, or scar elevation were seen on day 90. Topical anti-inflammatories did not significantly decrease inflammation or mitigate burn wound progression in deep partial thickness burns in pigs. Also, no significant differences in wound healing or quality of healing were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Neelon
- Department of Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States; United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Irene Yau
- Department of Surgery, William Beaumont Army Medical Center, El Paso, TX, United States
| | | | - Steven Blake Smithson
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - David E Varon
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Rodney K Chan
- The Metis Foundation, San Antonio, TX, United States.
| | - Kristo Nuutila
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States.
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2
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Guo J, Cao Y, Wu QY, Zhou YM, Cao YH, Cen LS. Implications of pH and Ionic Environment in Chronic Diabetic Wounds: An Overlooked Perspective. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2024; 17:2669-2686. [PMID: 39600531 PMCID: PMC11590674 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s485138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 10/17/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024]
Abstract
The high incidence of disability and fatality rates associated with chronic diabetic wounds are difficult problems in the medical field. The steady-state and regular changes of the microenvironment in and around the wound provide good conditions for wound healing and achieve a dynamic and complex process of wound healing.The pH value and ionic environment composed of a variety of ions in wound are important factors affecting the wound microenvironment, and there are direct or indirect connections between them. Abnormalities in pH, ion concentrations, and channels in skin tissue may be one of the reasons for the high incidence and difficulty in chronic diabetic wounds healing. Currently, different wound-dressing applications have been developed based on the efficacy of ions. Here, the effect of pH in wounds, concentrations of calcium (Ca2+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+) and the metal ions silver (Ag+), copper (Cu2+), iron (Fe2+/Fe3+), zinc (Zn2+), and magnesium (Mg2+) in skin tissue, their roles in wound healing, and the application of related dressings are reviewed. This manuscript provides new ideas and approaches for future clinical and basic research examining the treatment of chronic diabetic wounds by adjusting ion concentrations and channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Department of Dermatology. The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, ZheJiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Cao
- Department of Dermatology. The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, ZheJiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing-Yuan Wu
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine.The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, ZheJiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Mai Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Hao Cao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu-Sha Cen
- Department of Ophthalmology. The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, ZheJiang Province, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Garau Paganella L, Badolato A, Labouesse C, Fischer G, Sänger CS, Kourouklis A, Giampietro C, Werner S, Mazza E, Tibbitt MW. Variations in fluid chemical potential induce fibroblast mechano-response in 3D hydrogels. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 163:213933. [PMID: 38972277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Mechanical deformation of skin creates variations in fluid chemical potential, leading to local changes in hydrostatic and osmotic pressure, whose effects on mechanobiology remain poorly understood. To study these effects, we investigate the specific influences of hydrostatic and osmotic pressure on primary human dermal fibroblasts in three-dimensional hydrogel culture models. Cyclic hydrostatic pressure and hyperosmotic stress enhanced the percentage of cells expressing the proliferation marker Ki67 in both collagen and PEG-based hydrogels. Osmotic pressure also activated the p38 MAPK stress response pathway and increased the expression of the osmoresponsive genes PRSS35 and NFAT5. When cells were cultured in two-dimension (2D), no change in proliferation was observed with either hydrostatic or osmotic pressure. Furthermore, basal, and osmotic pressure-induced expression of osmoresponsive genes differed in 2D culture versus 3D hydrogels, highlighting the role of dimensionality in skin cell mechanotransduction and stressing the importance of 3D tissue-like models that better replicate in vivo conditions. Overall, these results indicate that fluid chemical potential changes affect dermal fibroblast mechanobiology, which has implications for skin function and for tissue regeneration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Garau Paganella
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Asia Badolato
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Céline Labouesse
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Fischer
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Catharina S Sänger
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Kourouklis
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Costanza Giampietro
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technologies, Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Werner
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Mazza
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technologies, Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Mark W Tibbitt
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Dłubała K, Wasiek S, Pilarska P, Szewczyk-Golec K, Mila-Kierzenkowska C, Łączkowski KZ, Sobiesiak M, Gackowski M, Tylkowski B, Hołyńska-Iwan I. The Influence of Retinol Ointment on Rabbit Skin ( Oryctolagus cuniculus) Ion Transport-An In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9670. [PMID: 39273618 PMCID: PMC11395161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinoids are known to improve the condition of the skin. Transepithelial transport of sodium and chloride ions is important for proper skin function. So far, the effect of applying vitamin A preparations to the skin on ion transport has not been evaluated. In the study, electrophysiological parameters, including transepithelial electric potential (PD) and transepithelial resistance (R), of rabbit skin specimens after 24 h exposure to retinol ointment (800 mass units/g) were measured in a modified Ussing chamber. The R of the fragments incubated with retinol was significantly different than that of the control skin samples incubated in iso-osmotic Ringer solution. For the controls, the PD values were negative, whereas the retinol-treated specimens revealed positive PD values. Mechanical-chemical stimulation with the use of inhibitors of the transport of sodium (amiloride) or chloride (bumetanide) ions revealed specific changes in the maximal and minimal PD values measured for the retinol-treated samples. Retinol was shown to slightly modify the transport pathways of sodium and chloride ions. In particular, an intensification of the chloride ion secretion from keratinocytes was observed. The proposed action may contribute to deep hydration and increase skin tightness, limiting the action of other substances on its surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Dłubała
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Sandra Wasiek
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Patrycja Pilarska
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Karolina Szewczyk-Golec
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Celestyna Mila-Kierzenkowska
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Z Łączkowski
- Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marta Sobiesiak
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marcin Gackowski
- Department of Toxicology and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Bartosz Tylkowski
- Eurecat, Technology Centre of Catalonia, Chemical Technology Unit, Marcelli Domingo 2, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health Science, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Iga Hołyńska-Iwan
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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5
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Martin L, Simpson K, Brzezinski M, Watt J, Xu W. Cellular response of keratinocytes to the entry and accumulation of nanoplastic particles. Part Fibre Toxicol 2024; 21:22. [PMID: 38685063 PMCID: PMC11057139 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-024-00583-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Plastic accumulation in the environment is rapidly increasing, and nanoplastics (NP), byproducts of environmental weathering of bulk plastic waste, pose a significant public health risk. Particles may enter the human body through many possible routes such as ingestion, inhalation, and skin absorption. However, studies on NP penetration and accumulation in human skin are limited. Loss or reduction of the keratinized skin barrier may enhance the skin penetration of NPs. The present study investigated the entry of NPs into a human skin system modeling skin with compromised barrier functions and cellular responses to the intracellular accumulations of NPs. Two in vitro models were employed to simulate human skin lacking keratinized barriers. The first model was an ex vivo human skin culture with the keratinized dermal layer (stratum corneum) removed. The second model was a 3D keratinocyte/dermal fibroblast cell co-culture model with stratified keratinocytes on the top and a monolayer of skin fibroblast cells co-cultured at the bottom. The penetration and accumulation of the NPs in different cell types were observed using fluorescent microscopy, confocal microscopy, and cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). The cellular responses of keratinocytes and dermal fibroblast cells to stress induced by NPs stress were measured. The genetic regulatory pathway of keratinocytes to the intracellular NPs was identified using transcript analyses and KEGG pathway analysis. The cellular uptake of NPs by skin cells was confirmed by imaging analyses. Transepidermal transport and penetration of NPs through the skin epidermis were observed. According to the gene expression and pathway analyses, an IL-17 signaling pathway was identified as the trigger for cellular responses to internal NP accumulation in the keratinocytes. The transepidermal NPs were also found in co-cultured dermal fibroblast cells and resulted in a large-scale transition from fibroblast cells to myofibroblast cells with enhanced production of α-smooth muscle actin and pro-Collagen Ia. The upregulation of inflammatory factors and cell activation may result in skin inflammation and ultimately trigger immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leisha Martin
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Dr, 78412, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - Kayla Simpson
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Dr, 78412, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - Molly Brzezinski
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Dr, 78412, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - John Watt
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Dr, 78412, Corpus Christi, TX, USA.
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6
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Chen Y, Chen K, Zhong S, Wang J, Yu Z, Sun X, Wang Y, Liu Y, Zhang Z. Transdermal Transfersome Nanogels Control Hypertrophic Scar Formation via Synergy of Macrophage Phenotype-Switching and Anti-Fibrosis Effect. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305468. [PMID: 38064170 PMCID: PMC10870058 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scar (HS), which results from prolonged inflammation and excessive fibrosis in re-epithelialized wounds, is one of the most common clinical challenges. Consequently, sophisticated transdermal transfersome nanogels (TA/Fu-TS) are prepared to control HS formation by synergistically inhibiting inflammation and suppressing fibrosis. TA/Fu-TSs have unique structures comprising hydrophobic triamcinolone acetonide (TA) in lipid multilayers and hydrophilic 5-fluorouracil in aqueous cores, and perform satisfactorily with regard to transdermal co-delivery to macrophages and HS fibroblasts in emerging HS tissues. According to the in vitro/vivo results, TA/Fu-TSs not only promote macrophage phenotype-switching to inhibit inflammation by interleukin-related pathways, but also suppress fibrosis to remodel extracellular matrix by collagen-related pathways. Therefore, TA/Fu-TSs overcome prolonged inflammation and excessive fibrosis in emerging HS tissues, and provide an effective therapeutic strategy for controlling HS formation via their synergy of macrophage phenotype-switching and anti-fibrosis effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsheng Chen
- Department of BurnShanghai Burn InstituteRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai200025China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Burn and Plastic SurgeryBeijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children's HealthBeijing100045China
- Shunyi Maternal and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's HospitalBeijing101300China
| | - Shan Zhong
- Department of BurnShanghai Burn InstituteRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai200025China
| | - Jiaqiang Wang
- Department of BurnShanghai Burn InstituteRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai200025China
| | - Zhixi Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University639 Zhizaoju RdShanghai200011China
| | - Xiyang Sun
- Hongqiao International Institute of MedicineTongren HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University1111 XianXia RoadShanghai200336China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Ear ReconstructionPlastic Surgery HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College33 Badachu RoadBeijing100144China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of BurnShanghai Burn InstituteRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai200025China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University639 Zhizaoju RdShanghai200011China
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7
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Zavyalova O, Dąbrowska-Wisłocka D, Misiura K, Hołyńska-Iwan I. Chitosan-Glycolic Acid Gel Modification of Chloride Ion Transport in Mammalian Skin: An In Vitro Study. Molecules 2023; 28:6581. [PMID: 37764357 PMCID: PMC10537562 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan, a polyaminosaccharide with high medical and cosmetic potential, can be combined with the beneficial properties of glycolic acid to form a gel that not only moisturizes the skin, but also has a regenerative effect. Its involvement in the activation of biochemical processes may be associated with the activity of skin ion channels. Therefore, the aim of the research was to evaluate the immediate (15 s) and long-term (24 h) effect of chitosan-glycolic acid gel (CGG) on the transepithelial electric potential and the transepithelial electric resistance (R) of skin specimens tested in vitro. Stimulation during immediate and prolonged application of CGG to skin specimens resulted in a significant decrease in the measured minimal transepithelial electric potential (PDmin). The absence of any change in the R after the CGG application indicates that it does not affect the skin transmission, or cause distortion, microdamage or changes in ion permeability. However, the reduction in potential may be due to the increased transport of chloride ions, and thus water, from outside the cell into the cell interior. Increased secretion of chloride ions is achieved by stimulating the action of the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance). It can be assumed that chitosan gently stimulates the secretion of chlorides, while maintaining a tendency to reduce the transport of sodium ions, without causing deformation or tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Zavyalova
- Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (O.Z.); (D.D.-W.)
| | - Dominika Dąbrowska-Wisłocka
- Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (O.Z.); (D.D.-W.)
| | - Konrad Misiura
- Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (O.Z.); (D.D.-W.)
| | - Iga Hołyńska-Iwan
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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Sänger CS, Cernakova M, Wietecha MS, Garau Paganella L, Labouesse C, Dudaryeva OY, Roubaty C, Stumpe M, Mazza E, Tibbitt MW, Dengjel J, Werner S. Serine protease 35 regulates the fibroblast matrisome in response to hyperosmotic stress. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh9219. [PMID: 37647410 PMCID: PMC10468140 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh9219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Hyperosmotic stress occurs in several diseases, but its long-term effects are largely unknown. We used sorbitol-treated human fibroblasts in 3D culture to study the consequences of hyperosmotic stress in the skin. Sorbitol regulated many genes, which help cells cope with the stress condition. The most robustly regulated gene encodes serine protease 35 (PRSS35). Its regulation by hyperosmotic stress was dependent on the kinases p38 and JNK and the transcription factors NFAT5 and ATF2. We identified different collagens and collagen-associated proteins as putative PRSS35 binding partners. This is functionally important because PRSS35 affected the extracellular matrix proteome, which limited cell proliferation. The in vivo relevance of these findings is reflected by the coexpression of PRSS35 and its binding partners in human skin wounds, where hyperosmotic stress occurs as a consequence of excessive water loss. These results identify PRSS35 as a key regulator of the matrisome under hyperosmotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina S. Sänger
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martina Cernakova
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mateusz S. Wietecha
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Lorenza Garau Paganella
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Energy and Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Céline Labouesse
- Institute for Energy and Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oksana Y. Dudaryeva
- Institute for Energy and Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carole Roubaty
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Ch. du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Michael Stumpe
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Ch. du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Mazza
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mark W. Tibbitt
- Institute for Energy and Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jörn Dengjel
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Ch. du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Werner
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Hołyńska-Iwan I, Sobiesiak M, Kowalczyk W, Wróblewski M, Cwynar A, Szewczyk-Golec K. Nickel ions influence the transepithelial sodium transport in the trachea, intestine and skin. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6931. [PMID: 37117206 PMCID: PMC10147918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33690-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Measurements of transepithelial potential and resistance in tissue and organ model systems enable the evaluation of the Ni2+ effect on the epithelial sodium channels, aquaporin 3, and the sodium-potassium pump in the epithelial cells. The aim of the presented study was to assess the immediate and prolonged effect of nickel ions on the transport of sodium ions in tissues exposed to direct contact with nickel, including airways, digestive tract and the skin. The influence of 0.1 mM nickel solution was performed on the trachea (n = 34), intestine (n = 44), and skin (n = 51) samples descended from 16 New Zealand albino rabbits. The electrophysiological parameters were measured in a modified Ussing chamber in stationary conditions and during a 15-s mechanical-chemical stimulation. A statistically significant decrease in the electric resistance values and the smallest range of the measured potential were observed for the Ni-treated trachea specimens. The use of nickel solution did not affect the sodium transport in the intestine epithelium. The skin fragments showed altered sodium ion transport, as demonstrated by the lower range and intensity of the measured potential. The gastrointestinal tract seems to be an organ best adapted to contact with nickel ions. In airways, nickel ions most likely enter epithelial cells and the space between them, modifying proteins and the airway surface liquid. The skin turned out to be the most sensitive tissue to the intensification of sodium ion transport through nickel ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iga Hołyńska-Iwan
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology of Epithelial Tissue and Skin, Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Marta Sobiesiak
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kowalczyk
- Clinic of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Dr Jan Biziel's University Hospital No. 2, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marcin Wróblewski
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Cwynar
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology of Epithelial Tissue and Skin, Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Karolina Szewczyk-Golec
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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10
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Dolivo DM, Sun LS, Rodrigues AE, Galiano RD, Mustoe TA, Hong SJ. Epidermal Potentiation of Dermal Fibrosis: Lessons from Occlusion and Mucosal Healing. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:510-519. [PMID: 36740181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Fibrotic skin conditions, such as hypertrophic and keloid scars, frequently result from injury to the skin and as sequelae to surgical procedures. The development of skin fibrosis may lead to patient discomfort, limitation in range of motion, and cosmetic disfigurement. Despite the frequency of skin fibrosis, treatments that seek to address the root causes of fibrosis are lacking. Much research into fibrotic pathophysiology has focused on dermal pathology, but less research has been performed to understand aberrations in fibrotic epidermis, leading to an incomplete understanding of dermal fibrosis. The literature on occlusion, a treatment modality known to reduce dermal fibrosis, in part through accelerating wound healing and regulating aberrant epidermal inflammation that otherwise drives fibrosis in the dermis, is reviewed. There is a focus on epidermal-dermal crosstalk, which contributes to the development and maintenance of dermal fibrosis, an underemphasized interplay that may yield novel strategies for treatment if understood in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Dolivo
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lauren S Sun
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Adrian E Rodrigues
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Robert D Galiano
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Thomas A Mustoe
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Seok Jong Hong
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
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11
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Dobrzeniecka W, Daca M, Nowakowska B, Sobiesiak M, Szewczyk-Golec K, Woźniak A, Hołyńska-Iwan I. The Impact of Diclofenac Gel on Ion Transport in the Rabbit ( Oryctolagus cuniculus) Skin: An In Vitro Study. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031332. [PMID: 36770998 PMCID: PMC9920221 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diclofenac belongs to the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects. Diclofenac administration on the skin may be associated with the appearance of side effects. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of diclofenac gel on transepithelial electrophysiological parameters of the 55 rabbit abdomen skin specimens. The electric parameters were analyzed in a modified Ussing chamber. The resistance (R) of the skin specimens treated with diclofenac gel significantly increased, which could be related to the reduction in the water content in intercellular spaces and, consequently, tighter adhesion of the cells. Increased electric potential (PD) was also observed in the skin specimens treated with diclofenac gel. The increase in both R and PD measured under stationary conditions was most likely caused by a transient and reversible increase in sodium ion transport, as the R and PD values decreased after the diclofenac gel was washed away. However, diclofenac gel did not affect the maximum and minimum PDs measured during stimulations. Therefore, it seems that diclofenac gel does not affect the perception of stimuli in the model system used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioletta Dobrzeniecka
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Daca
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Barbara Nowakowska
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Marta Sobiesiak
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Karolina Szewczyk-Golec
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Alina Woźniak
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (I.H.-I.)
| | - Iga Hołyńska-Iwan
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (I.H.-I.)
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12
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Zhao M, Rolandi M, Isseroff RR. Bioelectric Signaling: Role of Bioelectricity in Directional Cell Migration in Wound Healing. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2022; 14:a041236. [PMID: 36041786 PMCID: PMC9524286 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In wound healing, individual cells' behaviors coordinate movement toward the wound center to restore small or large barrier defects. The migration of epithelial cells as a continuous sheet structure is one of the most important processes by which the skin barrier is restored. How such multicellular and tissue level movement is initiated upon injury, coordinated during healing, and stopped when wounds healed has been a research focus for decades. When skin is wounded, the compromised epithelial barrier generates endogenous electric fields (EFs), produced by ion channels and maintained by cell junctions. These EFs are present across wounds, with the cathodal pole at the wound center. Epithelial cells detect minute EFs and migrate directionally in response to electrical signals. It has long been postulated that the naturally occurring EFs facilitate wound healing by guiding cell migration. It is not until recently that experimental evidence has shown that large epithelial sheets of keratinocytes or corneal epithelial cells respond to applied EFs by collective directional migration. Although some of the mechanisms of the collective cell migration are similar to those used by isolated cells, there are unique mechanisms that govern the coordinated movement of the cohesive sheet. We will review the understanding of wound EFs and how epithelial cells and other cells important to wound healing respond to the electric signals individually as well as collectively. Mounting evidence suggests that wound bioelectrical signaling is an important mechanism in healing. Critical understanding and proper exploitation of this mechanism will be important for better wound healing and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - R Rivkah Isseroff
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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13
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Reduced hydration regulates pro-inflammatory cytokines via CD14 in barrier function-impaired skin. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166482. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Structure-guided unlocking of Na X reveals a non-selective tetrodotoxin-sensitive cation channel. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1416. [PMID: 35301303 PMCID: PMC8931054 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28984-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike classical voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels, NaX has been characterized as a voltage-insensitive, tetrodotoxin-resistant, sodium (Na+)-activated channel involved in regulating Na+ homeostasis. However, NaX remains refractory to functional characterization in traditional heterologous systems. Here, to gain insight into its atypical physiology, we determine structures of the human NaX channel in complex with the auxiliary β3-subunit. NaX reveals structural alterations within the selectivity filter, voltage sensor-like domains, and pore module. We do not identify an extracellular Na+-sensor or any evidence for a Na+-based activation mechanism in NaX. Instead, the S6-gate remains closed, membrane lipids fill the central cavity, and the domain III-IV linker restricts S6-dilation. We use protein engineering to identify three pore-wetting mutations targeting the hydrophobic S6-gate that unlock a robust voltage-insensitive leak conductance. This constitutively active NaX-QTT channel construct is non-selective among monovalent cations, inhibited by extracellular calcium, and sensitive to classical NaV channel blockers, including tetrodotoxin. Our findings highlight a functional diversity across the NaV channel scaffold, reshape our understanding of NaX physiology, and provide a template to demystify recalcitrant ion channels.
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15
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Identification of SCN7A as the key gene associated with tumor mutation burden in gastric cancer. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:45. [PMID: 35123417 PMCID: PMC8817579 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02112-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Previous studies have shown that tumor mutation burden (TMB) in cancer is associated with prognosis. The purpose of this study is to identify TMB related genes in gastric cancer (GC) and to explore their prognostic value. Methods In our research, weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) algorithm was used to cluster the most relevant TMB modules in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Limma package was used to screen the differentially expressed genes, and the intersection was identified as hub genes. We used gene expression profiling interactive analysis (GEPIA) and survival algorithm to analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of hub genes in tumor and normal tissue samples of TCGA and Gene Expression Omnibus cohort respectively. We also used CIBERSORT algorithm to calculate the proportion of 22 tumor immune cells in the high and low expression subgroups of hub genes. In addition, we used gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to predict the biological function of hub genes. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results In the TCGA cohort, TMB was significantly correlated with the clinical features of GC (P < 0.05). Through WGCNA and differential gene analysis, we identified SCN7A as the hub gene (P < 0.05, |log2fc|> 1, and mm > 0.8). We found that the expression of SCN7A in tumor tissues was lower than that in normal tissues, and its expression level was also related to overall survival rate and tumor stage. GSEA analysis showed that SCN7A low expression group was enriched with "DNA replication", "base extension repair" and "proteasome" gene sets in GC. In addition, we found that there were significant differences in the infiltration degree of 7 kinds of immune cells between the two groups. Conclusion TMB can indicate the prognosis of gastric cancer. SCN7A is a hub gene associated with TMB, and its low expression is associated with better prognosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12876-022-02112-4.
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16
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Na + i/K + i imbalance contributes to gene expression in endothelial cells exposed to elevated NaCl. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08088. [PMID: 34632152 PMCID: PMC8488490 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High-salt consumption contributes to the development of hypertension and is considered an independent risk factor for vascular remodelling, cardiac hypertrophy and stroke incidence. Alterations in NO production, inflammation and endothelial cell stiffening are considered now as plausible mediators of cardiovascular dysfunction. We studied early responses of endothelial cells (HUVEC) caused by a moderate increase in extracellular sodium concentration. Exposure of HUVEC to elevated sodium within the physiological range up to 24 h is accompanied by changes in monovalent cations fluxes and Na,K-ATPase activation, and, in turn, results in a significant decrease in the content of PTGS2, IL6 and IL1LR1 mRNAs. The expression of NOS3 and FOS genes, as well as the abundance of cytosolic and nuclear NFAT5 protein, remained unchanged. We assessed the mechanical properties of endothelial cells by estimating Young's modulus and equivalent elastic constant using atomic force and interference microscopy, respectively. These parameters were unaffected by elevated-salt exposure for 24 h. The data obtained suggest that even small and short-term elevations of extracellular sodium concentration affect the expression of genes involved in the control of endothelial function through the Na+i/K+i-dependent mechanism(s).
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17
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Machado RG, Glaser T, Araujo DB, Petiz LL, Oliveira DBL, Durigon GS, Leal AL, Pinho JR, Ferreira LCS, Ulrich H, Durigon EL, Guzzo CR. Inhibition of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Replication by Hypertonic Saline Solution in Lung and Kidney Epithelial Cells. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:1514-1527. [PMID: 34651104 PMCID: PMC8442612 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented global health crisis has been caused by a new virus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We performed experiments to test if a hypertonic saline solution was capable of inhibiting virus replication. Our data show that 1.2% NaCl inhibited virus replication by 90%, achieving 100% of inhibition at 1.5% in the nonhuman primate kidney cell line Vero, and 1.1% of NaCl was sufficient to inhibit the virus replication by 88% in human epithelial lung cell line Calu-3. Furthermore, our results indicate that the inhibition is due to an intracellular mechanism and not to the dissociation of the spike SARS-CoV-2 protein and its human receptor. NaCl depolarizes the plasma membrane causing a low energy state (high ADP/ATP concentration ratio) without impairing mitochondrial function, supposedly associated with the inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle. Membrane depolarization and intracellular energy deprivation are possible mechanisms by which the hypertonic saline solution efficiently prevents virus replication in vitro assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael
R. G. Machado
- Department
of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508, Brazil
| | - Talita Glaser
- Department
of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508, Brazil
| | - Danielle B. Araujo
- Department
of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508, Brazil
- Hospital
Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652, Brazil
| | - Lyvia Lintzmaier Petiz
- Department
of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508, Brazil
| | - Danielle B. L. Oliveira
- Department
of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508, Brazil
- Hospital
Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652, Brazil
- Development
and Innovation Center, Laboratory of Virology, Butantan Institute, São
Paulo 05503, Brazil
| | - Giuliana S. Durigon
- Medical
School Clinical Hospital, University of
São Paulo, São
Paulo 05508, Brazil
| | | | - João Renato
R. Pinho
- Hospital
Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652, Brazil
- LIM-03, Central
Laboratories Division, Clinics Hospital, São Paulo School of
Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508, Brazil
- LIM-07,
Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo 05508, Brazil
| | - Luis C. S. Ferreira
- Department
of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508, Brazil
- Scientific
Platform Pasteur USP, São
Paulo 05508, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department
of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508, Brazil
| | - Edison L. Durigon
- Department
of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508, Brazil
- Scientific
Platform Pasteur USP, São
Paulo 05508, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Rodrigues Guzzo
- Department
of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508, Brazil
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18
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Zielinski CE. Regulation of T Cell Responses by Ionic Salt Signals. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092365. [PMID: 34572015 PMCID: PMC8471541 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
T helper cell responses are tailored to their respective antigens and adapted to their specific tissue microenvironment. While a great proportion of T cells acquire a resident identity, a significant proportion of T cells continue circulating, thus encountering changing microenvironmental signals during immune surveillance. One signal, which has previously been largely overlooked, is sodium chloride. It has been proposed to have potent effects on T cell responses in the context of autoimmune, allergic and infectious tissue inflammation in mouse models and humans. Sodium chloride is stringently regulated in the blood by the kidneys but displays differential deposition patterns in peripheral tissues. Sodium chloride accumulation might furthermore be regulated by dietary intake and thus by intentional behavior. Together, these results make sodium chloride an interesting but still controversial signal for immune modulation. Its downstream cellular activities represent a potential therapeutic target given its effects on T cell cytokine production. In this review article, we provide an overview and critical evaluation of the impact of this ionic signal on T helper cell polarization and T helper cell effector functions. In addition, the impact of sodium chloride from the tissue microenvironment is assessed for human health and disease and for its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina E. Zielinski
- Department of Infection Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knoell-Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany;
- Department of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
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19
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Hołyńska-Iwan I, Smyk P, Chrustek A, Olszewska-Słonina D, Szewczyk-Golec K. The influence of hydration status on ion transport in the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) skin-An in vitro study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255825. [PMID: 34383789 PMCID: PMC8360594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The preservation of physiological transport of ions and water content is particularly important for maintaining the skin barrier, touch and pain stimuli, as well as the initiation of skin regeneration processes, especially after treatments associated with breaking skin continuity and wound healing difficulties. The aim of the study was to assess changes in ion transport, measured as values of transepithelial electric resistance and potential difference in stationary conditions and during mechanical-chemical stimulations, depending on the hydration status of isolated rabbit skin specimens. The specimens were divided into five groups: control (n = 22), dehydrated in 10% NaCl (n = 30), rehydrated after dehydration (n = 26), dried at 37°C (n = 26), and rehydrated after drying (n = 25). Dehydrated tissue samples showed altered resistance compared to the control; this change was maintained regardless of rehydration. In the dehydrated samples, changes in the measured electric potential were also noted, which returned to values comparable with the control after rehydration. Dehydrated skin, regardless of the cause of dehydration, responds with changes in the transport of sodium and chloride ions and the altered cellular microenvironment. It could influence the perception of stimuli, particularly pain, and slow down the regeneration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iga Hołyńska-Iwan
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Paulina Smyk
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Chrustek
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Dorota Olszewska-Słonina
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Karolina Szewczyk-Golec
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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20
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Dolivo D, Rodrigues A, Sun L, Li Y, Hou C, Galiano R, Hong SJ, Mustoe T. The Na x (SCN7A) channel: an atypical regulator of tissue homeostasis and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5469-5488. [PMID: 34100980 PMCID: PMC11072345 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03854-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Within an articulately characterized family of ion channels, the voltage-gated sodium channels, exists a black sheep, SCN7A (Nax). Nax, in contrast to members of its molecular family, has lost its voltage-gated character and instead rapidly evolved a new function as a concentration-dependent sensor of extracellular sodium ions and subsequent signal transducer. As it deviates fundamentally in function from the rest of its family, and since the bulk of the impressive body of literature elucidating the pathology and biochemistry of voltage-gated sodium channels has been performed in nervous tissue, reports of Nax expression and function have been sparse. Here, we investigate available reports surrounding expression and potential roles for Nax activity outside of nervous tissue. With these studies as justification, we propose that Nax likely acts as an early sensor that detects loss of tissue homeostasis through the pathological accumulation of extracellular sodium and/or through endothelin signaling. Sensation of homeostatic aberration via Nax then proceeds to induce pathological tissue phenotypes via promotion of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic responses, induced through direct regulation of gene expression or through the generation of secondary signaling molecules, such as lactate, that can operate in an autocrine or paracrine fashion. We hope that our synthesis of much of the literature investigating this understudied protein will inspire more research into Nax not simply as a biochemical oddity, but also as a potential pathophysiological regulator and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dolivo
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Adrian Rodrigues
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Lauren Sun
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Yingxing Li
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Chun Hou
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Robert Galiano
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Seok Jong Hong
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA.
- , 300 E. Superior St., Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Thomas Mustoe
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA.
- , 737 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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21
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Chen Y, Zhang Z, Xin Y, Yu Z, Meng X, Zhang Y, He D, Zhang Y. Functional Transdermal Nanoethosomes Enhance Photodynamic Therapy of Hypertrophic Scars via Self-Generating Oxygen. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:7955-7965. [PMID: 33565868 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new therapeutic strategy for hypertrophic scars (HSs), and nanoethosomes (ES) have attracted considerable attention as an efficient transdermal delivery system for PDT of HSs (HS-PDT). However, the delivery of photosensitizers and the hypoxic microenvironment of HSs limit HS-PDT efficacy. Consequently, functional transdermal ES (A/A-ES) that are loaded with the photosensitizer, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), and immobilized nanoenzyme Au nanoclusters (ANCs) within the ES surface have been developed that exhibit superior co-delivery characteristics and produce catalase that enhances HS-PDT efficacy. The unique structure of A/A-ES enables them to co-deliver ALA and ANCs into the HS tissue and to efficiently decompose the endogenous hydrogen peroxide in the HS to generate oxygen. The findings from in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that A/A-ES efficiently co-delivered ALA and ANCs into the HS tissue and that they improved the hypoxic microenvironment of the HS. Systematic assessments reveal that A/A-ES enhance HS-PDT efficacy and that they are highly effective at improving the morphology and promoting HS fibroblast apoptosis and the rearrangement of collagen. These works give rise to an effective treatment option for HSs that integrates the transdermal co-delivery of ALA and nanoenzymes, thereby enabling them to exert their respective beneficial effects, and they highlight the enhancement of HS-PDT efficacy via self-generating oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsheng Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China
| | - Yu Xin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China
| | - Zhixi Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China
| | - Xinxian Meng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China
| | - Dannong He
- Shanghai National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, 245 Jiachuan Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China
- Shanghai National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, 245 Jiachuan Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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22
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Hou C, Dolivo D, Rodrigues A, Li Y, Leung K, Galiano R, Hong SJ, Mustoe T. Knockout of sodium channel Na x delays re-epithelializathion of splinted murine excisional wounds. Wound Repair Regen 2020; 29:306-315. [PMID: 33378794 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian wound healing is a carefully orchestrated process in which many cellular and molecular effectors respond in concert to perturbed tissue homeostasis in order to close the wound and re-establish the skin barrier. The roles of many of these molecular effectors, however, are not entirely understood. Our lab previously demonstrated that the atypical sodium channel Nax (encoded by Scn7a) responds to wound-induced epidermal dehydration, resulting in molecular cascades that drive pro-inflammatory signaling. Acute inhibition of Nax was sufficient to attenuate dermatopathological symptoms in models of hypertrophic scar and dermatitis. To date, however, the role of Nax in excisional wound healing has not been demonstrated. Here we report development of a knockout mouse that lacks expression of functional Nax , and we demonstrate that lack of functional Nax results in deficient wound healing in a murine splinted excisional wound healing model. This deficiency in wound healing was reflected in impaired re-epithelialization and decreased keratinocyte proliferation, a finding which was further supported by decreased proliferation upon Nax knockdown in HaCaT cells in vitro. Defective wound healing was observed alongside increased expression of inflammatory genes in the wound epidermis of Nax -/- mice, suggesting that mice lacking functional Nax retain the ability to undergo skin inflammation. Our observations here motivate further investigation into the roles of Nax in wound healing and other skin processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Hou
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - David Dolivo
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Adrian Rodrigues
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yingxing Li
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kai Leung
- Division of Combat Wound Repair, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JB Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Robert Galiano
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Seok Jong Hong
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Thomas Mustoe
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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23
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Hołyńska-Iwan I, Szewczyk-Golec K. Analysis of changes in sodium and chloride ion transport in the skin. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18094. [PMID: 33093644 PMCID: PMC7581804 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75275-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The measurement of electric potential and resistance reflect the transport of sodium and chloride ions which take place in keratinocytes and is associated with skin response to stimuli arising from external and internal environment. The aim of the study was to assess changes in electrical resistance and the transport of chloride and sodium ions, under iso-osmotic conditions and following the use of inhibitors affecting these ions' transport, namely amiloride (A) and bumetanide (B). The experiment was performed on 104 fragments of rabbit skin, divided into three groups: control (n = 35), A-inhibited sodium transport (n = 33) and B-inhibited chloride transport (n = 36). Measurement of electrical resistance (R) and electrical potential (PD) confirmed tissue viability during the experiment, no statistically significant differences in relation to control conditions were noted. The minimal and maximal PD measured during stimulation confirmed the repeatability of the recorded reactions to the mechanical and mechanical-chemical stimulus for all examined groups. Measurement of PD during stimulation showed differences in the transport of sodium and chloride ions in each of the analyzed groups relative to the control. The statistical analysis of the PD measured in stationary conditions and during mechanical and/or mechanical-chemical stimulation proved that changes in sodium and chloride ion transport constitute the physiological response of keratinocytes to changes in environmental conditions for all applied experimental conditions. Assessment of transdermal ion transport changes may be a useful tool for assessing the skin condition with tendency to pain hyperactivity and hypersensitivity to xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iga Hołyńska-Iwan
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology of Epithelial Tissue and Skin, Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Karolina Szewczyk-Golec
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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24
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Zhao J, Xie P, Galiano RD, Qi S, Mao R, Mustoe TA, Hong SJ. Imiquimod-induced skin inflammation is relieved by knockdown of sodium channel Na x. Exp Dermatol 2020; 28:576-584. [PMID: 30903711 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nax is an atypical sodium channel that mediates inflammatory pathways in pathological conditions of the skin. In this study, we developed a skin inflammation model in the rabbit ear through application of imiquimod (IMQ). Knockdown of Nax using RNAi attenuated IMQ-induced skin inflammation, including skin erythema, scaling and papule formation. Histologic analysis showed that thickening and insufficient differentiation of the epidermis found in psoriasis-like skin were normalized by administration of Nax -RNAi. Excessive infiltration of inflammatory cells found in inflammatory lesions, such as mast cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, T cells and macrophages, was reduced by Nax -RNAi. Expression of S100A9, which is a downstream gene of Nax and a mediator of inflammation, was decreased by Nax -RNAi. Our results demonstrated that knockdown of Nax ameliorated IMQ-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation in vivo. Thus, targeting of Nax may represent a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingling Zhao
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Surgery/Plastic Surgery Division, Laboratory for Tissue Repair and Regenerative Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illionis
| | - Ping Xie
- Department of Surgery/Plastic Surgery Division, Laboratory for Tissue Repair and Regenerative Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illionis
| | - Robert D Galiano
- Department of Surgery/Plastic Surgery Division, Laboratory for Tissue Repair and Regenerative Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illionis
| | - Shaohai Qi
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Renxiang Mao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Thomas A Mustoe
- Department of Surgery/Plastic Surgery Division, Laboratory for Tissue Repair and Regenerative Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illionis
| | - Seok Jong Hong
- Department of Surgery/Plastic Surgery Division, Laboratory for Tissue Repair and Regenerative Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illionis
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25
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Jiang K, Chen Y, Zhao D, Cheng J, Mo F, Ji B, Gao C, Zhang C, Song J. A facile and efficient approach for hypertrophic scar therapy via DNA-based transdermal drug delivery. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:18682-18691. [PMID: 32970085 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04751a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The transdermal drug delivery approach has been considered a potential therapy for human hypertrophic scars (HSs) instead of current uncomfortable surgical excision, local injection and laser therapy. However, a facile and efficient drug delivery method is urgently needed to overcome the skin barrier of transdermal administration. Herein, we employed a DNA-Fe nanoparticle delivery system via Fe ion driven self-assembly to satisfy the requirement of transdermal administration for HS therapy. Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) as one of the widely used anticancer drugs was employed to treat the hyperplasia of abnormal skin fibrous tissue. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments of the DOX loaded DNA-Fe nanoparticles (DOX@DNA-Fe NPs) were performed to demonstrate the penetration ability, rapid drug release, and scar-inhibiting effects. This facile and efficient approach for HS therapy via a DNA-based transdermal drug delivery system may provide more possibilities for the development of transdermal administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Jiang
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunsheng Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zhao
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jin Cheng
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fangli Mo
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Ji
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chao Gao
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Song
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China. and Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences; The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, People's Republic of China
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26
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Cisplatin influences the skin ion transport - An in vitro study. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110502. [PMID: 32768977 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based drugs, used in treating tumors, cause numerous undesirable effects in patients, like neuropathic pain, hypersensitivity, reddening, pruritus and rash. Changes in Na+ transport modify local osmolality and contribute to the initiation of hypersensitivity and allergy. They are also associated with stimulation of C-fibres and hyperalgesia. Cl- transport is essential for regulation of sweat composition and the migration of immunocompetent cells. The aim of the conducted study was to assess the effect of a cisplatin solution on the electrophysiological parameters of the isolated rabbit skin specimens. The difference in transepithelial electrical potential (PD) and resistance (R) in stationary conditions and during 15 s mechanical-chemical stimulation (PDmin and PDmax), were measured. Measurement of R revealed that tissue samples were live, and their permeability to ions were stable. Control specimens had PD -0.22 mV (median). The PD of specimens treated by cisplatin was -0.55 mV (median), to for cisplatin and bumetanide 0 mV (median). Treatment with cisplatin did not change the continuous transport of Na+ and K+ ions, but did change that of Cl- ions. Stimulation of samples with the transport blockers of Cl-, Na+ and both induced repeatable and measurable reactions in the transport of the appropriate ions. It was shown that absorption of Na+ ions and release of Cl- ions was intensified than in the untreated specimens. It was proven in the study that cisplatin influences the Na+ and Cl- transport in the skin cells. Restoring the balance in ion flow can prevent side effects of use cisplatin-based drugs.
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27
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Chen Y, Zhang Z, Xin Y, Zhou R, Jiang K, Sun X, He D, Song J, Zhang Y. Synergistic transdermal delivery of nanoethosomes embedded in hyaluronic acid nanogels for enhancing photodynamic therapy. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:15435-15442. [PMID: 32662485 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03494k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new therapeutic strategy for hypertrophic scars (HS), but it is limited by low drug utilization. Transdermal delivery based on nanoethosomes (ES) has attracted considerable attention as a potential clinical strategy in PDT treating HS. However, free ES are unsatisfactory due to their instability and non-targeting, which causes non-effective delivery and low drug utilization. Herein, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-loaded ES (ES-ALA) embedded in hyaluronic acid (HA) meshes (HA/ES-ALA), a novel synergistic transdermal delivery nanogel, are developed for enhancing PDT of HS. HA/ES-ALA has a unique structure and property to protect unilaminar ES-ALA with HA meshes and actively target hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFs) with HA receptors. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that HA/ES-ALA has a remarkable transdermal delivery ability with penetrating channels and a membrane-fusion mechanism. Meanwhile, the synergistic delivery mechanism is visually characterized as three stages: synergistic penetration, targeting aggregation and transmembrane delivery. With the synergistic effect, HA/ES-ALA can realize a targeted transdermal delivery, and significantly improve ALA utilization and enhance PDT efficacy. The results demonstrate an effective transdermal delivery route to enhance therapy for HS as well as other skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsheng Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China.
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China.
| | - Yu Xin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China.
| | - Rong Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Instrument for Diagnosis and Therapy, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China.
| | - Xiyang Sun
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China.
| | - Dannong He
- Shanghai National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, 245 Jiachuan Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Jie Song
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Instrument for Diagnosis and Therapy, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China.
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China. and Shanghai National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, 245 Jiachuan Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
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28
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Xu W, Vebrosky EN, Armbrust KL. Potential toxic effects of 4-OH-chlorothalonil and photodegradation product on human skin health. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 394:122575. [PMID: 32289622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chlorothalonil (CHT) is widely used in agriculture as a fungicide and has been detected in various ecosystems along with its degradation products. A primary intermediate product of degradation, 4-hydroxychlorothalonil (4-OH-CHT) has demonstrated toxic effects on aquatic organisms. However, the toxic effects of 4-OH-CHT on human health and the impacts of environmental factors on the toxicity remain unclear. To understand the environmental modification on the toxicity of 4-OH-CHT to human health, we used a three-dimensional human skin culture model. 4-OH-CHT and irradiated 4-OH-CHT were applied to the model for the dermatoxicity analyses. Although neither the 4-OH-CHT nor the irradiated 4-OH-CHT inhibited the cell proliferation, the 4-OH-CHT significantly attenuated the keratinocyte migration by 26% at a concentration of 20 ppb and by 44 % at 100 ppb. The 4-OH-CHT also demonstrated inhibitory effects on keratinocyte differentiation at both 20 ppb and 100 ppb. In contrast, photodegraded 4-OH-CHT did not show inhibitory effects on the migration and differentiation of the keratinocytes at any concentration. Similarly, the 4-OH-CHT treated 3D keratinocyte culture dramatically activated the co-cultured dermal fibroblast cells by increasing the production of α smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and pro-Collagen Iα. The mRNA levels of these two proteins were upregulated by 1.13 and 10.97 folds with the stimulation of 100 ppb 4-OH-CHT. The protein level of pro-Collagen Iα in dermal fibroblast cells was increased by 68 % with 100 ppb 4-OH-CHT. The photodegraded 4-OH-CHT failed to activate the co-cultured fibroblast cells. The 4-OH-CHT also enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine production in keratinocytes compared to the photodegraded products. These results suggest that exposure to environmental 4-OH-CHT could increase the risk of inflammatory skin diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, USA.
| | - Emily N Vebrosky
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of the Coast & Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Kevin L Armbrust
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of the Coast & Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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29
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Knockdown of sodium channel Na x reduces dermatitis symptoms in rabbit skin. J Transl Med 2020; 100:751-761. [PMID: 31925326 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-0371-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin plays a critical role in maintenance of water homeostasis. Dysfunction of the skin barrier causes not only delayed wound healing and hypertrophic scarring, but it also contributes to the development of various skin diseases. Dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that has several different subtypes. Skin of contact dermatitis and atopic dermatitis (AD) show epidermal barrier dysfunction. Nax is a sodium channel that regulates inflammatory gene expression in response to perturbation of barrier function of the skin. We found that in vivo knockdown of Nax using RNAi reduced hyperkeratosis and keratinocyte hyperproliferation in rabbit ear dermatitic skin. Increased infiltration of inflammatory cells (mast cells, eosinophils, T cells, and macrophages), a characteristic of dermatitis, was reduced by Nax knockdown. Upregulation of PAR-2 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), which induce Th2-mediated allergic responses, was inhibited by Nax knockdown. In addition, expression of COX-2, IL-1β, IL-8, and S100A9, which are downstream genes of Nax and are involved in dermatitis pathogenesis, were also decreased by Nax knockdown. Our data show that knockdown of Nax relieved dermatitis symptoms in vivo and indicate that Nax is a novel therapeutic target for dermatitis, which currently has limited therapeutic options.
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30
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Matthias J, Maul J, Noster R, Meinl H, Chao YY, Gerstenberg H, Jeschke F, Gasparoni G, Welle A, Walter J, Nordström K, Eberhardt K, Renisch D, Donakonda S, Knolle P, Soll D, Grabbe S, Garzorz-Stark N, Eyerich K, Biedermann T, Baumjohann D, Zielinski CE. Sodium chloride is an ionic checkpoint for human T H2 cells and shapes the atopic skin microenvironment. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/480/eaau0683. [PMID: 30787167 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aau0683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of allergic diseases has increased over the past 50 years, likely due to environmental factors. However, the nature of these factors and the mode of action by which they induce the type 2 immune deviation characteristic of atopic diseases remain unclear. It has previously been reported that dietary sodium chloride promotes the polarization of T helper 17 (TH17) cells with implications for autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Here, we demonstrate that sodium chloride also potently promotes TH2 cell responses on multiple regulatory levels. Sodium chloride enhanced interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 production while suppressing interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production in memory T cells. It diverted alternative T cell fates into the TH2 cell phenotype and also induced de novo TH2 cell polarization from naïve T cell precursors. Mechanistically, sodium chloride exerted its effects via the osmosensitive transcription factor NFAT5 and the kinase SGK-1, which regulated TH2 signature cytokines and master transcription factors in hyperosmolar salt conditions. The skin of patients suffering from atopic dermatitis contained elevated sodium compared to nonlesional atopic and healthy skin. These results suggest that sodium chloride represents a so far overlooked cutaneous microenvironmental checkpoint in atopic dermatitis that can induce TH2 cell responses, the orchestrators of atopic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Matthias
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Unit Cellular Immunoregulation, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Maul
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Rebecca Noster
- Department of Dermatology, Unit Cellular Immunoregulation, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanna Meinl
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Ying-Yin Chao
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Florian Jeschke
- ZWE FRM II, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Gilles Gasparoni
- Department of Genetics, University of Saarland, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Anna Welle
- Department of Genetics, University of Saarland, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jörn Walter
- Department of Genetics, University of Saarland, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Karl Nordström
- Department of Genetics, University of Saarland, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Klaus Eberhardt
- Institute for Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz and Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55252 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dennis Renisch
- Institute for Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz and Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55252 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sainitin Donakonda
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Percy Knolle
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Soll
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Natalie Garzorz-Stark
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Technical University of Munich; Clinical Unit Allergology (EKA), Helmholtz Zentrum München; German Research Centre for Environmental Health GmbH, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Kilian Eyerich
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Technical University of Munich; Clinical Unit Allergology (EKA), Helmholtz Zentrum München; German Research Centre for Environmental Health GmbH, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Tilo Biedermann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Technical University of Munich; Clinical Unit Allergology (EKA), Helmholtz Zentrum München; German Research Centre for Environmental Health GmbH, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Baumjohann
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christina E Zielinski
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany. .,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Unit Cellular Immunoregulation, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
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31
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Meyer M, Ben-Yehuda Greenwald M, Rauschendorfer T, Sänger C, Jukic M, Iizuka H, Kubo F, Chen L, Ornitz DM, Werner S. Mouse genetics identifies unique and overlapping functions of fibroblast growth factor receptors in keratinocytes. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:1774-1785. [PMID: 31830366 PMCID: PMC6991627 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are key regulators of tissue development, homeostasis and repair, and abnormal FGF signalling is associated with various human diseases. In human and murine epidermis, FGF receptor 3 (FGFR3) activation causes benign skin tumours, but the consequences of FGFR3 deficiency in this tissue have not been determined. Here, we show that FGFR3 in keratinocytes is dispensable for mouse skin development, homeostasis and wound repair. However, the defect in the epidermal barrier and the resulting inflammatory skin disease that develops in mice lacking FGFR1 and FGFR2 in keratinocytes were further aggravated upon additional loss of FGFR3. This caused fibroblast activation and fibrosis in the FGFR1/FGFR2 double‐knockout mice and even more in mice lacking all three FGFRs, revealing functional redundancy of FGFR3 with FGFR1 and FGFR2 for maintaining the epidermal barrier. Taken together, our study demonstrates that FGFR1, FGFR2 and FGFR3 act together to maintain epidermal integrity and cutaneous homeostasis, with FGFR2 being the dominant receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Meyer
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Theresa Rauschendorfer
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Catharina Sänger
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marko Jukic
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Haruka Iizuka
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fumimasa Kubo
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lin Chen
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Sabine Werner
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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32
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Li J, Wang J, Wang Z, Xia Y, Zhou M, Zhong A, Sun J. Experimental models for cutaneous hypertrophic scar research. Wound Repair Regen 2019; 28:126-144. [PMID: 31509318 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Human skin wound repair may result in various outcomes with most of them leading to scar formation. Commonly seen in many cutaneous wound healing cases, hypertrophic scars are considered as phenotypes of abnormal wound repair. To prevent the formation of hypertrophic scars, efforts have been made to understand the mechanism of scarring following wound closure. Numerous in vivo and in vitro models have been created to facilitate investigations into cutaneous scarring and the development of antiscarring treatments. To select the best model for a specific study, background knowledge of the current models of hypertrophic scars is necessary. In this review, we describe in vivo and in vitro models for studying hypertrophic scars, as well as the distinct characteristics of these models. The choice of models for a specific study should be based on the characteristics of the model and the goal of the study. In general, in vivo animal models are often used in phenotypical scar formation analysis, development of antiscarring treatment, and functional analyses of individual genes. In contrast, in vitro models are chosen to pathway identification during scar formation as well as in high-throughput analysis in drug development. Besides helping investigators choose the best scarring model for their research, the goal of this review is to provide knowledge for improving the existing models and development of new models. These will contribute to the progress of scarring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialun Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiecong Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Muran Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Aimei Zhong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiaming Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Seltmann K, Meyer M, Sulcova J, Kockmann T, Wehkamp U, Weidinger S, Auf dem Keller U, Werner S. Humidity-regulated CLCA2 protects the epidermis from hyperosmotic stress. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/440/eaao4650. [PMID: 29743348 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aao4650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Low environmental humidity aggravates symptoms of the inflammatory skin disease atopic dermatitis (AD). Using mice that develop AD-like signs, we show that an increase in environmental humidity rescues their cutaneous inflammation and associated epidermal abnormalities. Quantitative proteomics analysis of epidermal lysates of mice kept at low or high humidity identified humidity-regulated proteins, including chloride channel accessory 3A2 (CLCA3A2), a protein with previously unknown function in the skin. The epidermis of patients with AD, organotypic skin cultures under dry conditions, and cultured keratinocytes exposed to hyperosmotic stress showed up-regulation of the nonorthologous human homolog CLCA2. Hyperosmolarity-induced CLCA2 expression occurred via p38/c-Jun N-terminal kinase-activating transcription factor 2 signaling. CLCA2 knockdown promoted keratinocyte apoptosis induced by hyperosmotic stress through impairment of cell-cell adhesion. These findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the beneficial effect of high environmental humidity for AD patients and identify CLCA3A2/CLCA2 up-regulation as a mechanism to protect keratinocytes from damage induced by low humidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Seltmann
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Meyer
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jitka Sulcova
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kockmann
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.,Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zurich/University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Wehkamp
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - Stephan Weidinger
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulrich Auf dem Keller
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Sabine Werner
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Zhang Z, Liu Y, Chen Y, Li L, Lan P, He D, Song J, Zhang Y. Transdermal Delivery of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid by Nanoethosome Gels for Photodynamic Therapy of Hypertrophic Scars. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:3704-3714. [PMID: 30589527 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-loaded nanoethosome (ALA-ES) gels are successfully prepared to realize a transdermal delivery of ALA, and they provide a feasible approach for the photodynamic therapy (PDT) of hypertrophic scars (HS). Herein, the morphological and physicochemical features indicate that ALA-ES is stable in gel matrix. In vitro transdermal penetration studies suggest ALA-ES gels can overcome the compact dermal barrier and deliver more ALA into human HS tissue. In vivo delivery studies further reveal that ALA-ES gels can penetrate into rabbit HS tissue to facilitate ALA accumulating in hypertrophic scar fibroblast (HSF) and converting into protoporphyrin IX in the cytoplasm. Utilizing transmission electron microscopy, the visual in vivo penetration process indicates ALA-ES penetrate into HS tissue utilizing its deformable membrane, enters HSF by a pinocytotic-like mechanism, and then releases ALA in the cytoplasm. Subsequently, PDT efficacy is assessed using rabbit HS models. The morphological and histological analysis reveal that ALA-ES gels can improve HS by promoting HSF apoptosis, remodelling collagen fibers and increasing MMP3 expression. The results demonstrate that ALA-ES gels are suitable in clinical treatment of HS and make a substantial progress within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 639 Zhizaoju Road , Shanghai 200011 , P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Cosmetic Laser Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 639 Zhizaoju Roadd , Shanghai 200011 , P.R. China
| | - Yunsheng Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 639 Zhizaoju Road , Shanghai 200011 , P.R. China
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Instrument for Diagnosis and Therapy, 800 Dongchuan Rd , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , P.R. China
| | - Lexiang Li
- Department of Orthopedic, Changzheng Hospital , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Ping Lan
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis , Jinan University , Zhuhai , 519070 , China
| | - Dannong He
- Shanghai National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology , 245 Jiachuan Road , Shanghai 200237 , PR China
| | - Jie Song
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Instrument for Diagnosis and Therapy, 800 Dongchuan Rd , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , P.R. China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 639 Zhizaoju Road , Shanghai 200011 , P.R. China
- Shanghai National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology , 245 Jiachuan Road , Shanghai 200237 , PR China
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Xu W, Vebrosky EN, Armbrust KL. Potential risk to human skin cells from exposure to dicloran photodegradation products in water. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 121:861-870. [PMID: 30343185 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to sunlight and certain pesticides can induce phototoxic responses. Long- and short-term exposure to the photoactivated pesticides can cause a variety of skin diseases. However, assessment of pesticide phototoxicity on human skin is difficult. In the present study, human skin keratinocytes were cultured in several forms: monolayer cell sheet, three-dimensional culture, and keratinocyte-fibroblast co-culture. A common fungicide, dicloran (DC, 2,6‑dichloro‑4‑nitroaniline), was irradiated with simulated sunlight for 2 (DC-PD-2h) and 4 (DC-PD-4h) hours. Dicloran, and two purified intermediate photodegradation products, 2‑chloro‑1,4‑benzoquinone (CBQ) and 1,4‑benzoquinone (BQ), were applied in toxicity tests independently with the keratinocyte culture models. The cell migration, cell differentiation, pro-inflammatory molecule production, and dermal fibroblast cell activation were all measured in the keratinocytes treated with the chemicals described above. These parameters were used as references for dicloran phototoxicity assessment. Among all tested chemicals, the DC-PD-4h and BQ demonstrated elevated toxicities to the keratinocytes compared to dicloran based on our results. The application of DC-PD-4h or BQ significantly delayed the migration of keratinocytes in monolayer cell sheets, inhibited the keratinocyte differentiation, increased the production of pro-inflammatory molecules by 3D keratinocyte culture, and enhanced the ability of 3D cultured keratinocytes in the activation of co-cultured dermal fibroblast cells. In contrast, dicloran, DC-PD-2h, and CBQ showed minimal effects on the keratinocytes in all assays. The results suggested that the four-hour photodegraded dicloran was likely to induce inflammatory skin diseases in the natural human skin. The 1,4‑benzoquinone, which is the predominant degradation product detected following 4 h of irradiation, was the main factor for this response. Photoactivation increased the risk of skin exposed to dicloran in nature. Our models provided an efficient tool in the assessment of toxicity changes in pesticide following normal use practices under typical environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, Texas, USA.
| | - Emily N Vebrosky
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of the Coast & Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Kevin L Armbrust
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of the Coast & Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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36
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Sabbagh MF, Heng JS, Luo C, Castanon RG, Nery JR, Rattner A, Goff LA, Ecker JR, Nathans J. Transcriptional and epigenomic landscapes of CNS and non-CNS vascular endothelial cells. eLife 2018; 7:36187. [PMID: 30188322 PMCID: PMC6126923 DOI: 10.7554/elife.36187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cell (EC) function depends on appropriate organ-specific molecular and cellular specializations. To explore genomic mechanisms that control this specialization, we have analyzed and compared the transcriptome, accessible chromatin, and DNA methylome landscapes from mouse brain, liver, lung, and kidney ECs. Analysis of transcription factor (TF) gene expression and TF motifs at candidate cis-regulatory elements reveals both shared and organ-specific EC regulatory networks. In the embryo, only those ECs that are adjacent to or within the central nervous system (CNS) exhibit canonical Wnt signaling, which correlates precisely with blood-brain barrier (BBB) differentiation and Zic3 expression. In the early postnatal brain, single-cell RNA-seq of purified ECs reveals (1) close relationships between veins and mitotic cells and between arteries and tip cells, (2) a division of capillary ECs into vein-like and artery-like classes, and (3) new endothelial subtype markers, including new validated tip cell markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F Sabbagh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Jacob S Heng
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Chongyuan Luo
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Rosa G Castanon
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Joseph R Nery
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Amir Rattner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Loyal A Goff
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Institute for Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Joseph R Ecker
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Jeremy Nathans
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
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37
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D'Arpa P, Leung KP. Toll-Like Receptor Signaling in Burn Wound Healing and Scarring. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2017; 6:330-343. [PMID: 29062590 PMCID: PMC5649422 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2017.0733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) emanate from burn-injured tissue and enter systemic circulation. Locally and systemically, they activate pattern-recognition receptors, including toll-like receptors (TLRs), to stimulate cytokine secretion, which in the severest burns typically results in extreme systemic cytokine levels, a dysfunctioning immune system, infection, impaired healing, and excessive scarring. This system-wide disruption of homeostasis can advance to life-threatening, multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. Knowledge of DAMP- and PAMP-TLR signaling may lead to treatments that ameliorate local and systemic inflammation and reduce scarring and other burn injury sequela. Recent Advances: Many PAMPs and DAMPs, the TLRs they activate, and their downstream signaling molecules have been shown to contribute to local and systemic inflammation and tissue damage following burn injury. Critical Issues: Whether TLR-pathway-targeting treatments applied at different times postburn injury might improve scarring remains an open question. The evaluation of this question requires the use of appropriate preclinical and clinical burn models carried out until after mature scar has formed. Future Directions: After TLR-pathway-targeting treatments are evaluated in porcine burn wound models and their safety is demonstrated, they can be tested in proof-of-concept clinical burn wound models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kai P. Leung
- Dental and Craniofacial Trauma Research and Tissue Regeneration Directorate, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas
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Zhao J, Jia S, Xie P, Arenas GA, Galiano RD, Hong SJ, Mustoe TA. Topical application of Dermatophagoides farinae or oxazolone induces symptoms of atopic dermatitis in the rabbit ear. Arch Dermatol Res 2017; 309:567-578. [PMID: 28667471 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-017-1758-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronically relapsing inflammatory skin disease characterized by hyperproliferation and abnormal differentiation of the epidermis, and dermal infiltration of inflammatory cells. Appropriate animal models that recapitulate human AD and allow the analysis of disease processes in a reliable manner are essential to the study of AD. In this study, we established two AD models in rabbits by applying an allergen, Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f), or a hapten, oxazolone (OXZ). Application of the allergen or hapten induced a rapid onset and a chronically sustained AD-like skin lesion. The clinical symptoms, which include skin erythema, scaling, papula and edema, of AD-like rabbit skin were similar to those in human AD. Histological analysis showed that allergen- or hapten-treated rabbit skin showed increased epidermal thickening and inflammatory cell infiltration. Furthermore, PCNA and keratin 10 (K10) staining revealed excessive proliferation and insufficient differentiation of the epidermis in the rabbit AD-like skin. Western blot analysis showed decreased expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), an AD cytokine, in the rabbit AD-like skin. Our results suggest that the allergen- or hapten-induced rabbit AD models have pathological features of human AD-like symptoms and will be useful for evaluating both pathogenic mechanisms and potential therapeutic agents for human AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingling Zhao
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, GD, 510080, China.,Laboratory for Tissue Repair and Regenerative Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 745 Fairbanks Ct, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Shengxian Jia
- Laboratory for Tissue Repair and Regenerative Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 745 Fairbanks Ct, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Ping Xie
- Laboratory for Tissue Repair and Regenerative Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 745 Fairbanks Ct, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Gabriel A Arenas
- Laboratory for Tissue Repair and Regenerative Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 745 Fairbanks Ct, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Robert D Galiano
- Laboratory for Tissue Repair and Regenerative Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 745 Fairbanks Ct, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Seok Jong Hong
- Laboratory for Tissue Repair and Regenerative Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 745 Fairbanks Ct, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Thomas A Mustoe
- Laboratory for Tissue Repair and Regenerative Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 745 Fairbanks Ct, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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Local Application of Statins Significantly Reduced Hypertrophic Scarring in a Rabbit Ear Model. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2017; 5:e1294. [PMID: 28740761 PMCID: PMC5505822 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000001294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously showed that intradermal injection of statins is a successful treatment for hypertrophic scarring. Topical application has many advantages over intradermal injection. In this study, we demonstrate the efficacy of topical statin treatment in reducing scar in our validated rabbit ear scar model. METHODS Twenty New Zealand White rabbits were divided into 2 study groups, with 6 rabbits receiving 10 μm pravastatin intradermally at postoperative days 15, 18, and 21, and 14 rabbits receiving 0.4%, 2%, and 10% simvastatin topical application at postoperative days 14-25. Four or 6 full-thickness circular dermal punches 7 mm in diameter were made on the ventral surface of the ear down to but not including the perichondrium. Specimens were collected at 28 days to evaluate the effects of statins on hypertrophic scarring. RESULTS Treatment with pravastatin intradermal administration significantly reduced scarring in terms of scar elevation index. Topical treatment with both medium- and high-dose simvastatin also significantly reduced scarring. High-dose simvastatin topical treatment showed a major effect in scar reduction but induced side effects of scaling, erythema, and epidermal hyperplasia, which were improved with coapplication of cholesterol. There is a dose response in scar reduction with low-, medium- and high-dose simvastatin topical treatment. High-dose simvastatin treatment significantly reduced the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of connective tissue growth factor, consistent with our previously published work on intradermally injected statins. More directly, high-dose simvastatin treatment also significantly reduced the mRNA expression of collagen 1A1. CONCLUSIONS Topical simvastatin significantly reduces scar formation. The mechanism of efficacy for statin treatment through interference with connective tissue growth factor mRNA expression was confirmed.
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40
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Hagiwara T, Yoshida S, Hidaka Y. Gene expression of the concentration-sensitive sodium channel is suppressed in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice. Exp Lung Res 2017; 43:150-157. [PMID: 28557567 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2017.1321064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The concentration-sensitive sodium channel (NaC) is expressed in alveolar type II epithelial cells and pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells in mouse lungs. We recently reported that NaC contributes to amiloride-insensitive sodium transport in mouse lungs (Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology, 2016). However, details regarding its physiological role in the lung remain unknown. To examine whether NaC is involved in alveolar fluid clearance during an acute lung injury (ALI), we analyzed the relationship between NaC gene expression in the lung and the development of pulmonary edema in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI mice. METHODS LPS-induced ALI mice were prepared by the intratracheal administration of LPS. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) neutrophils and lung water content (LWCs) were used as a marker of ALI and pulmonary edema, respectively. NaC protein production in the lung was detected by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. The gene expressions of NaC and the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) of LPS-induced ALI mice were examined by quantitative RT-PCR over a time course of 14 days. RESULTS The BAL neutrophil count increased until day 2 after LPS administration and had nearly recovered by day 6. LWCs in LPS-induced mice gradually increased until day 8 and had recovered by day 14. The expression of the NaC protein in the lungs of LPS-induced mice dramatically decreased from day 2 to day 6, but recovered by day 8. The mRNA expression of NaC decreased in the lung, as well as those for α-, β-, and γ-ENaC during ALI. Thus, NaC expression is suppressed during the development stage of pulmonary edema and then recovers in the convalescent phase. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that suppression of the gene expression of NaC is involved in the development of pulmonary edema in ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruki Hagiwara
- a Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering , Kindai University , Higashi-Osaka , Osaka , Japan
| | - Shigeru Yoshida
- a Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering , Kindai University , Higashi-Osaka , Osaka , Japan
| | - Yuji Hidaka
- a Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering , Kindai University , Higashi-Osaka , Osaka , Japan
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41
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Friedrich EE, Niknam-Bienia S, Xie P, Jia SX, Hong SJ, Mustoe TA, Galiano RD. Thermal injury model in the rabbit ear with quantifiable burn progression and hypertrophic scar. Wound Repair Regen 2017; 25:327-337. [PMID: 28370931 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scar is a major clinical outcome of deep-partial thickness to full thickness thermal burn injury. Appropriate animal models are a limitation to burn research due to the lack of, or access to, animal models which address the endpoint of hypertrophic scar. Lower species, such as rodents, heal mainly by contracture, which limits the duration of study. Higher species, such as pigs, heal more similarly to humans, but are associated with high cost, long duration for scar development, challenges in quantifying scar hypertrophy, and poor manageability. Here, we present a quantifiable deep-partial thickness burn model in the rabbit ear. Burns were created using a dry-heated brass rod for 10 and 20 seconds at 90 °C. At the time of eschar excision on day 3, excisional wounds were made on the contralateral ear for comparison. Burn wound progression, in which the wound size expands over time is a major distinction between excisional and thermal injuries, was quantified at 1 hour and 3 days after the injuries using calibrated photographs and histology and the size of the wounds was found to be unchanged from the initial wound size at 1 hour, but 10% in the 20 seconds burn wounds at 3 days. A quantifiable hypertrophic scar, measured by histology as the scar elevation index, was present in both 20 seconds burn wounds and excisional wounds at day 35. ImageJ measurements revealed that the 20 seconds burn wound scars were 22% larger than the excisional wound scars and the 20 seconds burn scar area measurements from histology were 26% greater than in the excisional wound scar. The ability to measure both burn progression and scar hypertrophy over a 35-day time frame suits this model to screening early intervention burn wound therapeutics or scar treatments in a burn-specific scar model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Friedrich
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Solmaz Niknam-Bienia
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ping Xie
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sheng-Xian Jia
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Seok J Hong
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Thomas A Mustoe
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Robert D Galiano
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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42
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Deuis JR, Mueller A, Israel MR, Vetter I. The pharmacology of voltage-gated sodium channel activators. Neuropharmacology 2017; 127:87-108. [PMID: 28416444 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Toxins and venom components that target voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels have evolved numerous times due to the importance of this class of ion channels in the normal physiological function of peripheral and central neurons as well as cardiac and skeletal muscle. NaV channel activators in particular have been isolated from the venom of spiders, wasps, snakes, scorpions, cone snails and sea anemone and are also produced by plants, bacteria and algae. These compounds have provided key insight into the molecular structure, function and pathophysiological roles of NaV channels and are important tools due to their at times exquisite subtype-selectivity. We review the pharmacology of NaV channel activators with particular emphasis on mammalian isoforms and discuss putative applications for these compounds. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Venom-derived Peptides as Pharmacological Tools.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Deuis
- Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Alexander Mueller
- Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Mathilde R Israel
- Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Irina Vetter
- Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia; School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Qld 4102, Australia.
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Division of Renal Disease & Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Riba A, Emmenlauer M, Chen A, Sigoillot F, Cong F, Dehio C, Jenkins J, Zavolan M. Explicit Modeling of siRNA-Dependent On- and Off-Target Repression Improves the Interpretation of Screening Results. Cell Syst 2017; 4:182-193.e4. [PMID: 28215525 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RNAi is broadly used to map gene regulatory networks, but the identification of genes that are responsible for the observed phenotypes is challenging, as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) simultaneously downregulate the intended on targets and many partially complementary off targets. Additionally, the scarcity of publicly available control datasets hinders the development and comparative evaluation of computational methods for analyzing the data. Here, we introduce PheLiM (https://github.com/andreariba/PheLiM), a method that uses predictions of siRNA on- and off-target downregulation to infer gene-specific contributions to phenotypes. To assess the performance of PheLiM, we carried out siRNA- and CRISPR/Cas9-based genome-wide screening of two well-characterized pathways, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and we reanalyzed publicly available siRNA screens. We demonstrate that PheLiM has the overall highest accuracy and most reproducible results compared to other available methods. PheLiM can accommodate various methods for predicting siRNA off targets and is broadly applicable to the identification of genes underlying complex phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Riba
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mario Emmenlauer
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amy Chen
- Developmental & Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Frederic Sigoillot
- Developmental & Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Feng Cong
- Developmental & Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Christoph Dehio
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy Jenkins
- Developmental & Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mihaela Zavolan
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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Hanukoglu I, Boggula VR, Vaknine H, Sharma S, Kleyman T, Hanukoglu A. Expression of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and CFTR in the human epidermis and epidermal appendages. Histochem Cell Biol 2017; 147:733-748. [PMID: 28130590 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1535-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A major function of the skin is the regulation of body temperature by sweat secretions. Sweat glands secrete water and salt, especially NaCl. Excreted water evaporates, cooling the skin surface, and Na+ ions are reabsorbed by the epithelial sodium channels (ENaC). Mutations in ENaC subunit genes lead to a severe multi-system (systemic) form of pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA) type I, characterized by salt loss from aldosterone target organs, including sweat glands in the skin. In this study, we mapped the sites of localization of ENaC in the human skin by confocal microscopy using polyclonal antibodies generated against human αENaC. Our results reveal that ENaC is expressed strongly in all epidermal layers except stratum corneum, and also in the sebaceous glands, eccrine glands, arrector pili smooth muscle cells, and intra-dermal adipocytes. In smooth muscle cells and adipocytes, ENaC is co-localized with F-actin. No expression of ENaC was detected in the dermis. CFTR is strongly expressed in sebaceous glands. In epidermal appendages noted, except the eccrine sweat glands, ENaC is mainly located in the cytoplasm. In the eccrine glands and ducts, ENaC and CFTR are located on the apical side of the membrane. This localization of ENaC is compatible with ENaC's role in salt reabsorption. PHA patients may develop folliculitis, miliaria rubra, and atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions, due to sweat gland duct occlusion and inflammation of eccrine glands as a result of salt accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Hanukoglu
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700, Israel.
| | - Vijay R Boggula
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hananya Vaknine
- Division of Pathology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Sachin Sharma
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700, Israel
| | - Thomas Kleyman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aaron Hanukoglu
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
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Zostawa J, Adamczyk J, Sowa P, Adamczyk-Sowa M. The influence of sodium on pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis. Neurol Sci 2017; 38:389-398. [PMID: 28078565 PMCID: PMC5331099 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-016-2802-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, and is an important cause of disability in young adults. In genetically susceptible individuals, several environmental factors may play a partial role in the pathogenesis of MS. Some studies suggests that high-salt diet (>5 g/day) may contribute to the MS and other autoimmune disease development through the induction of pathogenic Th17 cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines in both humans and mice. However, the precise mechanisms of pro-inflammatory effect of sodium chloride intake are not yet explained. The purpose of this review was to discuss the present state of knowledge on the potential role of environmental and dietary factors, particularly sodium chloride on the development and course of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Zostawa
- Department of Neurology in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, ul. 3-go Maja 13-15, 41-800, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Jowita Adamczyk
- Department of Neurology in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, ul. 3-go Maja 13-15, 41-800, Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Paweł Sowa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Oncological Laryngology, Medical University of Silesia, ul. C. Skłodowskiej 10, 41-800, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Monika Adamczyk-Sowa
- Department of Neurology in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, ul. 3-go Maja 13-15, 41-800, Zabrze, Poland
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S100A12 Induced in the Epidermis by Reduced Hydration Activates Dermal Fibroblasts and Causes Dermal Fibrosis. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 137:650-659. [PMID: 27840235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of the barrier function of skin increases transepidermal water loss and up-regulates inflammatory pathways in the epidermis. Consequently, sustained expression of proinflammatory cytokines from the epidermis is associated with dermal scarring. We found increased expression of S100A12 in the epidermis of human hypertrophic and keloid scar. Exposing a stratified keratinocyte culture to a reduced-hydration environment increased the expression and secretion of S100A12 by nearly 70%, which in turn activated dermal fibroblasts in vitro. Direct treatment of fibroblasts with conditioned medium collected from stratified keratinocyte culture under reduced-hydration conditions activated fibroblasts, shown by up-regulation of α-smooth muscle actin, pro-collagen 1, and F-actin expression. However, this fibroblast activation was not found when S100A12 was knocked down by RNA interference in keratinocytes. Pharmacological blockade of S100A12 receptors, RAGE, or TLR4 inhibited S100A12-induced fibroblast activation. Local delivery of S100A12 resulted in a marked hypertrophic scar formation in a validated rabbit hypertrophic scar model compared with saline control. Our findings indicate that S100A12 functions as a proinflammatory cytokine and suggest that S100A12 is a potential therapeutic target for dermal scarring.
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Marunaka Y, Marunaka R, Sun H, Yamamoto T, Kanamura N, Taruno A. Na + homeostasis by epithelial Na + channel (ENaC) and Na x channel (Na x): cooperation of ENaC and Na x. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:S11. [PMID: 27867979 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.10.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Marunaka
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan;; Department of Bio-Ionomics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan;; Japan Institute for Food Education and Health, St. Agnes' University, Kyoto 602-8013, Japan
| | - Rie Marunaka
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan;; Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hongxin Sun
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toshiro Yamamoto
- Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Narisato Kanamura
- Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Akiyuki Taruno
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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The Epithelial Sodium Channel and the Processes of Wound Healing. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:5675047. [PMID: 27493961 PMCID: PMC4963570 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5675047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) mediates passive sodium transport across the apical membranes of sodium absorbing epithelia, like the distal nephron, the intestine, and the lung airways. Additionally, the channel has been involved in the transduction of mechanical stimuli, such as hydrostatic pressure, membrane stretch, and shear stress from fluid flow. Thus, in vascular endothelium, it participates in the control of the vascular tone via its activity both as a sodium channel and as a shear stress transducer. Rather recently, ENaC has been shown to participate in the processes of wound healing, a role that may also involve its activities as sodium transporter and as mechanotransducer. Its presence as the sole channel mediating sodium transport in many tissues and the diversity of its functions probably underlie the complexity of its regulation. This brief review describes some aspects of ENaC regulation, comments on evidence about ENaC participation in wound healing, and suggests possible regulatory mechanisms involved in this participation.
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50
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DiPietro LA. Angiogenesis and wound repair: when enough is enough. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:979-984. [PMID: 27406995 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4mr0316-102r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
All animals heal, and the ability to heal is requisite for human health. One aspect of repair that has always been considered to be essential for adequate healing is the creation of a new vasculature via angiogenesis. As adult skin wounds heal, a period of rapid and robust capillary growth creates a vascular bed that has many fold more capillaries than does normal tissue. Over time, most of the newly formed capillaries regress, resulting in a final vascular density similar to that of normal skin. Certainly, new capillaries are necessary to bring nutrients, immune cells, and oxygen to healing wounds. Yet, the presumed functional importance of an overabundance of capillaries has recently been challenged, creating questions about whether excess capillary growth is truly necessary for healing. In particular, studies of wounds that heal exceptionally quickly and with less scar formation, such as those in fetal skin and oral mucosa, show that these tissues heal with a reduced angiogenic burst composed of more mature vessels that provide better oxygenation. The level of angiogenesis in wounds often correlates with the inflammatory response, largely because inflammatory cells produce an abundance of proangiogenic mediators. Both the selective reduction of inflammation and the selective reduction of angiogenesis have now been suggested as ways to improve scarring. These concepts link excessive inflammation and the production of a dense but poorly perfused capillary bed to inferior healing outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa A DiPietro
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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