1
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Guan L, Wu S, Zhu Q, He X, Li X, Song G, Zhang L, Yin X. GPC3-targeted CAR-M cells exhibit potent antitumor activity against hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 39:101741. [PMID: 38881757 PMCID: PMC11176667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified macrophages are a promising treatment for solid tumor. So far the potential effects of CAR-M cell therapy have rarely been investigated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Glypican-3 (GPC3) is a biomarker for a variety of malignancies, including liver cancer, which is not expressed in most adult tissues. Thus, it is an ideal target for the treatment of HCC. In this study, we engineered mouse macrophage cells with CAR targeting GPC3 and explored its therapeutic potential in HCC. First, we generated a chimeric adenoviral vector (Ad5f35) delivering an anti-GPC3 CAR, Ad5f35-anti-GPC3-CAR, which using the CAR construct containing the scFv targeting GPC3 and CD3ζ intracellular domain. Phagocytosis and killing effect indicated that macrophages transduced with Ad5f35-anti-GPC3-CAR (GPC3 CAR-Ms) exhibited antigen-specific phagocytosis and tumor cell clearance in vitro, and GPC3 CAR-Ms showed significant tumor-killing effects and promoted expression of pro-inflammatory (M1) cytokines and chemokines. In 3D NACs-origami spheroid model of HCC, CAR-Ms were further demonstrated to have a significant tumor killing effect. Together, our study provides a new strategy for the treatment of HCC through CAR-M cells targeting GPC3, which provides a basis for the research and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Guan
- Applied Biology Laboratory, College of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- Applied Biology Laboratory, College of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China
| | - Qinyao Zhu
- Applied Biology Laboratory, College of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China
| | - Xiaofang He
- PuHeng Biotechnology (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Xuelong Li
- Applied Biology Laboratory, College of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China
| | - Guangqi Song
- PuHeng Biotechnology (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Luo Zhang
- Research Center of Bioengineering, The Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xiushan Yin
- Applied Biology Laboratory, College of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China
- Suzhou RocRock No.1 Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Suzhou, 215000, China
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2
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Liu J, Zhu J. Progresses of T-cell-engaging bispecific antibodies in treatment of solid tumors. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112609. [PMID: 38971103 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
T-cell-engaging bispecific antibody (TCB) therapies have emerged as a promising immunotherapeutic approach, effectively redirecting effector T cells to selectively eliminate tumor cells. The therapeutic potential of TCBs has been well recognized, particularly with the approval of multiple TCBs in recent years for the treatment of hematologic malignancies as well as some solid tumors. However, TCBs encounter multiple challenges in treating solid tumors, such as on-target off-tumor toxicity, cytokine release syndrome (CRS), and T cell dysfunction within the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, all of which may impact their therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we summarize clinical data on TCBs for solid tumor treatment, highlight the challenges faced, and discuss potential solutions based on emerging strategies from current clinical and preclinical research. These solutions include TCB structural optimization, target selection, and combination strategies. This comprehensive analysis aims to guide the development of TCBs from design to clinical application, addressing the evolving landscape of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Jecho Laboratories, Inc., Frederick, MD 21704, USA.
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3
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Zhou L, Li Y, Zheng D, Zheng Y, Cui Y, Qin L, Tang Z, Peng D, Wu Q, Long Y, Yao Y, Wong N, Lau J, Li P. Bispecific CAR-T cells targeting FAP and GPC3 have the potential to treat hepatocellular carcinoma. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200817. [PMID: 38882528 PMCID: PMC11179089 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has demonstrated robust efficacy against hematological malignancies, but there are still some challenges regarding treating solid tumors, including tumor heterogeneity, antigen escape, and an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Here, we found that SNU398, a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line, exhibited high expression levels of fibroblast activation protein (FAP) and Glypican 3 (GPC3), which were negatively correlated with patient prognosis. The HepG2 HCC cell line highly expressed GPC3, while the SNU387 cell line exhibited high expression of FAP. Thus, we developed bispecific CAR-T cells to simultaneously target FAP and GPC3 to address tumor heterogeneity in HCC. The anti-FAP-GPC3 bispecific CAR-T cells could recognize and be activated by FAP or GPC3 expressed by tumor cells. Compared with anti-FAP CAR-T cells or anti-GPC3 CAR-T cells, bispecific CAR-T cells achieved more robust activity against tumor cells expressing FAP and GPC3 in vitro. The anti-FAP-GPC3 bispecific CAR-T cells also exhibited superior antitumor efficacy and significantly prolonged the survival of mice compared with single-target CAR-T cells in vivo. Overall, the use of anti-FAP-GPC3 bispecific CAR-T cells is a promising treatment approach to reduce tumor recurrence caused by tumor antigen heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfu Zhou
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, the CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yao Li
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, the CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Diwei Zheng
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, the CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongfang Zheng
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, the CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanbin Cui
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, the CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Le Qin
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, the CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong Zhaotai Cell Biology Technology Ltd., Foshan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Tang
- Guangdong Zhaotai Cell Biology Technology Ltd., Foshan, China
| | - Dongdong Peng
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, the CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiting Wu
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, the CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youguo Long
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, the CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Yao
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, the CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nathalie Wong
- Department of Surgery of the Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Hong Kong, China
| | - James Lau
- Department of Surgery of the Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Hong Kong, China
| | - Peng Li
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, the CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Surgery of the Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Qin X, Ning W, Liu H, Liu X, Luo W, Xia N. Stepping forward: T-cell redirecting bispecific antibodies in cancer therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:2361-2377. [PMID: 38828136 PMCID: PMC11143529 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
T cell-redirecting bispecific antibodies are specifically designed to bind to tumor-associated antigens, thereby engaging with CD3 on the T cell receptor. This linkage between tumor cells and T cells actively triggers T cell activation and initiates targeted killing of the identified tumor cells. These antibodies have emerged as one of the most promising avenues within tumor immunotherapy. However, despite success in treating hematological malignancies, significant advancements in solid tumors have yet to be explored. In this review, we aim to address the critical challenges associated with T cell-redirecting bispecific antibodies and explore novel strategies to overcome these obstacles, with the ultimate goal of expanding the application of this therapy to include solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry–Education Integration in Vaccine Research, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wenjing Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry–Education Integration in Vaccine Research, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Han Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry–Education Integration in Vaccine Research, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry–Education Integration in Vaccine Research, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wenxin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry–Education Integration in Vaccine Research, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry–Education Integration in Vaccine Research, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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5
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Kamperschroer C, Guffroy M, Shen A, Dokmanovich M, Stubbs M, O'Donnell LM. Nonclinical Investigation of Cytokine Mitigation Strategies for T-cell-Engaging Bispecifics in the Cynomolgus Macaque. J Immunother 2024; 47:160-171. [PMID: 38562119 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
SUMMARY T-cell-directed cancer therapies such as T-cell-engaging bispecifics (TCBs) are commonly associated with cytokine release syndrome and associated clinical signs that can limit their tolerability and therapeutic benefit. Strategies for reducing cytokine release are therefore needed. Here, we report on studies performed in cynomolgus monkeys to test different approaches for mitigating cytokine release with TCBs. A "priming dose" as well as subcutaneous dosing reduced cytokine release compared with intravenous dosing but did not affect the intended T-cell response to the bispecific. As another strategy, cytokines or cytokine responses were blocked with an anti-IL-6 antibody, dexamethasone, or a JAK1/TYK2-selective inhibitor, and the effects on toxicity as well as T-cell responses to a TCB were evaluated. The JAK1/TYK2 inhibitor and dexamethasone prevented CRS-associated clinical signs on the day of TCB administration, but the anti-IL-6 had little effect. All interventions allowed for functional T-cell responses and expected damage to target-bearing tissues, but the JAK1/TYK2 inhibitor prevented the upregulation of activation markers on T cells, suggesting the potential for suppression of T-cell responses. Our results suggest that short-term prophylactic dexamethasone treatment may be an effective option for blocking cytokine responses without affecting desired T-cell responses to TCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amy Shen
- Preclinical Safety, Research and Development, Sanofi
| | | | - Makeida Stubbs
- Pfizer Inc., Clinical Development and Operations, Groton, CT
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6
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Salem R, Greten TF. Interventional radiology meets immuno-oncology for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2024; 80:967-976. [PMID: 35988688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Locoregional and systemic therapies are the most used treatment options for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Interventional radiologists have improved and developed novel protocols and devices for both intratumoural ablative approaches with curative intent and various transarterial intrahepatic treatment options, which have continuously improved patient outcomes. Two large phase III randomised clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of different immune checkpoint inhibitors either as single agents or in combination in the first-line setting and immunotherapy has become the standard first-line treatment option for patients with advanced HCC. Herein, we discuss advances and perspectives in the area of interventional radiology (IR) and immune-oncology (IO). We summarise results from recent studies and provide an overview of ongoing studies in IR and IO. Based on the significant advances in both areas, we propose that IR and IO need to cover the emerging "discipline" of IR-IO, in which we develop and test novel approaches to combine locoregional therapies with immunotherapy, in order to develop sufficient evidence for them to be considered standard of care for patients with HCC in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riad Salem
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Tim F Greten
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda MD, USA; NCI CCR Liver Cancer Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda MD, USA
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7
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Chen Y, Chen X, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Li S, Liu Z, Gao Y, Zhao Y, Yan L, Li Y, Tian T, Lin Y. DNA framework signal amplification platform-based high-throughput systemic immune monitoring. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:28. [PMID: 38320992 PMCID: PMC10847453 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01736-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic immune monitoring is a crucial clinical tool for disease early diagnosis, prognosis and treatment planning by quantitative analysis of immune cells. However, conventional immune monitoring using flow cytometry faces huge challenges in large-scale sample testing, especially in mass health screenings, because of time-consuming, technical-sensitive and high-cost features. However, the lack of high-performance detection platforms hinders the development of high-throughput immune monitoring technology. To address this bottleneck, we constructed a generally applicable DNA framework signal amplification platform (DSAP) based on post-systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment and DNA tetrahedral framework-structured probe design to achieve high-sensitive detection for diverse immune cells, including CD4+, CD8+ T-lymphocytes, and monocytes (down to 1/100 μl). Based on this advanced detection platform, we present a novel high-throughput immune-cell phenotyping system, DSAP, achieving 30-min one-step immune-cell phenotyping without cell washing and subset analysis and showing comparable accuracy with flow cytometry while significantly reducing detection time and cost. As a proof-of-concept, DSAP demonstrates excellent diagnostic accuracy in immunodeficiency staging for 107 HIV patients (AUC > 0.97) within 30 min, which can be applied in HIV infection monitoring and screening. Therefore, we initially introduced promising DSAP to achieve high-throughput immune monitoring and open robust routes for point-of-care device development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300041, PR China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Songhang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yuxuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Lin Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Taoran Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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8
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Wang Y, Cheng P. Arming oncolytic viruses with bispecific T cell engagers: The evolution and current status. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166962. [PMID: 37984801 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are emerging as therapeutically relevant anticancer agents as contemporary immunotherapy gains traction. Furthermore, OVs are an ideal platform for genetic modification to express therapeutic transgenes. Bispecific T cell engagers (BiTEs) can redirect T cells to tumor cells, resulting in targeted cytotoxicity. BiTEs have demonstrated success in hematological cancers but are rarely used in solid tumors. The drawbacks of BiTEs, including inadequate delivery and on-target-off-tumor activity have limited their efficacy. Combining OVs with BiTEs is a prospective area to investigate. This combined strategy can benefit from the best qualities of both therapies while overcoming the limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmeng Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 17 People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Ping Cheng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 17 People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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9
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Teranishi-Ikawa Y, Soeda T, Koga H, Yamaguchi K, Kato K, Esaki K, Asanuma K, Funaki M, Ichiki M, Ikuta Y, Ito S, Joyashiki E, Komatsu SI, Muto A, Nishimura K, Okuda M, Sanada H, Sato M, Shibahara N, Wakabayashi T, Yamaguchi K, Matsusaki A, Sampei Z, Shiraiwa H, Konishi H, Kawabe Y, Hattori K, Kitazawa T, Igawa T. A bispecific antibody NXT007 exerts a hemostatic activity in hemophilia A monkeys enough to keep a nonhemophilic state. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:430-440. [PMID: 37940048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emicizumab, a factor (F) VIIIa-function mimetic bispecific antibody (BsAb) to FIXa and FX, has become an indispensable treatment option for people with hemophilia A (PwHA). However, a small proportion of PwHA still experience bleeds even under emicizumab prophylaxis, as observed in the long-term outcomes of clinical studies. A more potent BsAb may be desirable for such patients. OBJECTIVES To identify a potent BsAb to FIXa and FX, NXT007, surpassing emicizumab by in vitro and in vivo evaluation. METHODS New pairs of light chains for emicizumab's heavy chains were screened from phage libraries, and subsequent antibody optimization was performed. For in vitro evaluation, thrombin generation assays were performed with hemophilia A plasma. In vivo hemostatic activity was evaluated in a nonhuman primate model of acquired hemophilia A. RESULTS NXT007 exhibited an in vitro thrombin generation activity comparable to the international standard activity of FVIII (100 IU/dL), much higher than emicizumab, when triggered by tissue factor. NXT007 also demonstrated a potent in vivo hemostatic activity at approximately 30-fold lower plasma concentrations than emicizumab's historical data. In terms of dose shift between NXT007 and emicizumab, the in vitro and in vivo results were concordant. Regarding pharmacokinetics, NXT007 showed lower in vivo clearance than those shown by typical monoclonal antibodies, suggesting that the Fc engineering to enhance FcRn binding worked well. CONCLUSION NXT007, a potent BsAb, was successfully created. Nonclinical results suggest that NXT007 would have a potential to keep a nonhemophilic range of coagulation potential in PwHA or to realize more convenient dosing regimens than emicizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tetsuhiro Soeda
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hikaru Koga
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Yamaguchi
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kato
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keiko Esaki
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kentaro Asanuma
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Miho Funaki
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mina Ichiki
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuri Ikuta
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ito
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Eri Joyashiki
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Muto
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kei Nishimura
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Momoko Okuda
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Sanada
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Motohiko Sato
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Norihito Shibahara
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Koji Yamaguchi
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akiko Matsusaki
- Translational Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zenjiro Sampei
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hirotake Shiraiwa
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroko Konishi
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawabe
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Hattori
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takehisa Kitazawa
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Igawa
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan; Translational Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Madsen AV, Pedersen LE, Kristensen P, Goletz S. Design and engineering of bispecific antibodies: insights and practical considerations. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1352014. [PMID: 38333084 PMCID: PMC10850309 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1352014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) have attracted significant attention due to their dual binding activity, which permits simultaneous targeting of antigens and synergistic binding effects beyond what can be obtained even with combinations of conventional monospecific antibodies. Despite the tremendous therapeutic potential, the design and construction of bsAbs are often hampered by practical issues arising from the increased structural complexity as compared to conventional monospecific antibodies. The issues are diverse in nature, spanning from decreased biophysical stability from fusion of exogenous antigen-binding domains to antibody chain mispairing leading to formation of antibody-related impurities that are very difficult to remove. The added complexity requires judicious design considerations as well as extensive molecular engineering to ensure formation of high quality bsAbs with the intended mode of action and favorable drug-like qualities. In this review, we highlight and summarize some of the key considerations in design of bsAbs as well as state-of-the-art engineering principles that can be applied in efficient construction of bsAbs with diverse molecular formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas V. Madsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lasse E. Pedersen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Kristensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Steffen Goletz
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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11
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Liu Y, Zhou YQ, Nie L, Zhu SS, Li N, Wu ZH, Wang Q, Qi J, Wu BY, Chen SQ, Wang HB. BR109, a Novel Fully Humanized T-Cell-Engaging Bispecific Antibody with GPRC5D Binding, Has Potent Antitumor Activities in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5774. [PMID: 38136320 PMCID: PMC10741763 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, multiple myeloma (MM) is still an essentially incurable hematologic malignancy. Although BCMA-targeted therapies have achieved remarkable results, BCMA levels were found to be downregulated in patients with MM who relapsed after these treatments. Therefore, the search for other antigens specific to MM has become a priority. Independently of BCMA expression, G-protein-coupled receptor family C group 5 member D (GPRC5D) is mainly expressed in the plasma cells of MM patients, while it is expressed in a limited number of normal tissues. Combining MM-specific antigen GPRC5D and T-cell-mediated therapies would be a promising therapeutic strategy for MM. Recently, we constructed a new anti-GPRC5D × anti-CD3 T-cell-engaging bispecific antibody (TCB), BR109, which was capable of binding to human GPRC5D and human CD3ε. Moreover, BR109 was proven to have relatively good stability and antitumor activity. BR109 could specifically trigger T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity against many GPRC5D-positive MM cells in vitro. Meanwhile, antitumor activity was demonstrated in MM cell line xenograft mouse models with human immune cell reconstitution. These preclinical studies have formed a solid foundation for the evaluation of MM treatment efficacy in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
- Bioray Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou 318000, China; (Y.-Q.Z.); (L.N.); (S.-S.Z.); (N.L.); (Z.-H.W.); (Q.W.); (J.Q.); (B.-Y.W.)
- Hisun Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311404, China
| | - Ya-Qiong Zhou
- Bioray Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou 318000, China; (Y.-Q.Z.); (L.N.); (S.-S.Z.); (N.L.); (Z.-H.W.); (Q.W.); (J.Q.); (B.-Y.W.)
- Hisun Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311404, China
| | - Lei Nie
- Bioray Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou 318000, China; (Y.-Q.Z.); (L.N.); (S.-S.Z.); (N.L.); (Z.-H.W.); (Q.W.); (J.Q.); (B.-Y.W.)
- Hisun Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311404, China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhu
- Bioray Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou 318000, China; (Y.-Q.Z.); (L.N.); (S.-S.Z.); (N.L.); (Z.-H.W.); (Q.W.); (J.Q.); (B.-Y.W.)
- Hisun Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311404, China
| | - Na Li
- Bioray Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou 318000, China; (Y.-Q.Z.); (L.N.); (S.-S.Z.); (N.L.); (Z.-H.W.); (Q.W.); (J.Q.); (B.-Y.W.)
| | - Zhen-Hua Wu
- Bioray Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou 318000, China; (Y.-Q.Z.); (L.N.); (S.-S.Z.); (N.L.); (Z.-H.W.); (Q.W.); (J.Q.); (B.-Y.W.)
| | - Qi Wang
- Bioray Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou 318000, China; (Y.-Q.Z.); (L.N.); (S.-S.Z.); (N.L.); (Z.-H.W.); (Q.W.); (J.Q.); (B.-Y.W.)
| | - Jian Qi
- Bioray Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou 318000, China; (Y.-Q.Z.); (L.N.); (S.-S.Z.); (N.L.); (Z.-H.W.); (Q.W.); (J.Q.); (B.-Y.W.)
- Hisun Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311404, China
| | - Bing-Yuan Wu
- Bioray Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou 318000, China; (Y.-Q.Z.); (L.N.); (S.-S.Z.); (N.L.); (Z.-H.W.); (Q.W.); (J.Q.); (B.-Y.W.)
- Hisun Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311404, China
| | - Shu-Qing Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Hai-Bin Wang
- Bioray Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou 318000, China; (Y.-Q.Z.); (L.N.); (S.-S.Z.); (N.L.); (Z.-H.W.); (Q.W.); (J.Q.); (B.-Y.W.)
- Hisun Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311404, China
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12
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Leclercq-Cohen G, Steinhoff N, Albertí Servera L, Nassiri S, Danilin S, Piccione E, Yángüez E, Hüsser T, Herter S, Schmeing S, Gerber P, Schwalie P, Sam J, Briner S, Jenni S, Bianchi R, Biehl M, Cremasco F, Apostolopoulou K, Haegel H, Klein C, Umaña P, Bacac M. Dissecting the Mechanisms Underlying the Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) Mediated by T-Cell Bispecific Antibodies. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:4449-4463. [PMID: 37379429 PMCID: PMC10618647 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-3667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Target-dependent TCB activity can result in the strong and systemic release of cytokines that may develop into cytokine release syndrome (CRS), highlighting the need to understand and prevent this complex clinical syndrome. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We explored the cellular and molecular players involved in TCB-mediated cytokine release by single-cell RNA-sequencing of whole blood treated with CD20-TCB together with bulk RNA-sequencing of endothelial cells exposed to TCB-induced cytokine release. We used the in vitro whole blood assay and an in vivo DLBCL model in immunocompetent humanized mice to assess the effects of dexamethasone, anti-TNFα, anti-IL6R, anti-IL1R, and inflammasome inhibition, on TCB-mediated cytokine release and antitumor activity. RESULTS Activated T cells release TNFα, IFNγ, IL2, IL8, and MIP-1β, which rapidly activate monocytes, neutrophils, DCs, and NKs along with surrounding T cells to amplify the cascade further, leading to TNFα, IL8, IL6, IL1β, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and IP-10 release. Endothelial cells contribute to IL6 and IL1β release and at the same time release several chemokines (MCP-1, IP-10, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β). Dexamethasone and TNFα blockade efficiently reduced CD20-TCB-mediated cytokine release whereas IL6R blockade, inflammasome inhibition, and IL1R blockade induced a less pronounced effect. Dexamethasone, IL6R blockade, IL1R blockade, and the inflammasome inhibitor did not interfere with CD20-TCB activity, in contrast to TNFα blockade, which partially inhibited antitumor activity. CONCLUSIONS Our work sheds new light on the cellular and molecular players involved in cytokine release driven by TCBs and provides a rationale for the prevention of CRS in patients treated with TCBs. See related commentary by Luri-Rey et al., p. 4320.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Leclercq-Cohen
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Steinhoff
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Llucia Albertí Servera
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sina Nassiri
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Danilin
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emily Piccione
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, San Francisco, California
| | - Emilio Yángüez
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Tamara Hüsser
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Sylvia Herter
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Schmeing
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Petra Gerber
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Petra Schwalie
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Sam
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Briner
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Sylvia Jenni
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Roberta Bianchi
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Marlene Biehl
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Floriana Cremasco
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Katerina Apostolopoulou
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Hélène Haegel
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Klein
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Umaña
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Marina Bacac
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
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13
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Li T, Wang X, Niu M, Wang M, Zhou J, Wu K, Yi M. Bispecific antibody targeting TGF-β and PD-L1 for synergistic cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1196970. [PMID: 37520520 PMCID: PMC10373067 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1196970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway plays a crucial role in cancer immune evasion, and the use of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies represents a significant milestone in cancer immunotherapy. However, the low response rate observed in unselected patients and the development of therapeutic resistance remain major obstacles to their clinical application. Accumulating studies showed that overexpressed TGF-β is another immunosuppressive factor apart from traditional immune checkpoints. Actually, the effects of PD-1 and TGF-β pathways are independent and interactive, which work together contributing to the immune evasion of cancer cell. It has been verified that blocking TGF-β and PD-L1 simultaneously could enhance the efficacy of PD-L1 monoclonal antibody and overcome its treatment resistance. Based on the bispecific antibody or fusion protein technology, multiple bispecific and bifunctional antibodies have been developed. In the preclinical and clinical studies, these updated antibodies exhibited potent anti-tumor activity, superior to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapies. In the review, we summarized the advances of bispecific antibodies targeting TGF-β and PD-L1 in cancer immunotherapy. We believe these next-generation immune checkpoint inhibitors would substantially alter the cancer treatment paradigm, especially in anti-PD-1/PD-L1-resistant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianye Li
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinrun Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengke Niu
- Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Mingli Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kongming Wu
- Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Ma B, Ma Y, Deng B, Xiao P, Huang P, Wang D, Liu L. Tumor microenvironment-responsive spherical nucleic acid nanoparticles for enhanced chemo-immunotherapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:171. [PMID: 37237292 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01916-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain chemotherapeutics can induce tumor cells' immunogenic cell death (ICD), release tumor antigens, and thereby trigger personalized antitumor immune responses. Co-delivery of adjuvants using nanocarriers could amplify the ICD-induced tumor-specific immunity achieving a synergistic chemo-immunotherapeutic effect. However, complicated preparation, low drug loading efficiency, and potential carrier-associated toxicity are the major challenges that limited its clinical applications. Herein, a carrier-free core-shell nanoparticle (MPLA-CpG-sMMP9-DOX, MCMD NPs) was constructed by facile self-assembly of spherical nucleic acids (SNA) with two adjuvants of CpG ODN and monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) as a core and doxorubicin (DOX) radially around the dual-adjuvants SNA as a shell. The results demonstrated that MCMD NPs could enhance drugs accumulation in tumors, and release DOX upon enzymatic degradation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) peptide in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which enhanced the direct-killing effect of DOX on tumor cells. The core of MPLA-CpG SNA efficiently boosted the ICD-induced antitumor immune response to further attack tumor cells. Thus, MCMD NPs achieved a synergistic therapeutic effect of chemo-immunotherapy with reduced off-target toxicity. This study provided an efficient strategy for the development of a carrier-free nano-delivery system for enhanced cancer chemo-immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Deng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengjun Xiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyu Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, People's Republic of China
| | - Dali Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
- Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lanxia Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Shah D, Soper B, Shopland L. Cytokine release syndrome and cancer immunotherapies - historical challenges and promising futures. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1190379. [PMID: 37304291 PMCID: PMC10248525 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. Cancer immunotherapy involves reinvigorating the patient's own immune system to fight against cancer. While novel approaches like Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cells, bispecific T cell engagers, and immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown promising efficacy, Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) is a serious adverse effect and remains a major concern. CRS is a phenomenon of immune hyperactivation that results in excessive cytokine secretion, and if left unchecked, it may lead to multi-organ failure and death. Here we review the pathophysiology of CRS, its occurrence and management in the context of cancer immunotherapy, and the screening approaches that can be used to assess CRS and de-risk drug discovery earlier in the clinical setting with more predictive pre-clinical data. Furthermore, the review also sheds light on the potential immunotherapeutic approaches that can be used to overcome CRS associated with T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deep Shah
- In vivo Services, The Jackson Laboratory, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Brian Soper
- Technical Information Services, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | - Lindsay Shopland
- In vivo Services, The Jackson Laboratory, Sacramento, CA, United States
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16
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Fan R, Chen C, Mu M, Chuan D, Liu H, Hou H, Huang J, Tong A, Guo G, Xu J. Engineering MMP-2 Activated Nanoparticles Carrying B7-H3 Bispecific Antibodies for Ferroptosis-Enhanced Glioblastoma Immunotherapy. ACS NANO 2023; 17:9126-9139. [PMID: 37097811 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Administration of bispecific antibodies (biAbs) in tumor therapy is limited by their short half-life and off-target toxicity. Optimized strategies or targets are needed to overcome these barriers. B7-H3 (CD276), a member of the B7 superfamily, is associated with poor survival in glioblastoma (GBM) patients. Moreover, a dimer of EGCG (dEGCG) synthesized in this work enhanced the IFN-γ-induced ferroptosis of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we prepared recombinant anti-B7-H3×CD3 biAbs and constructed MMP-2-sensitive S-biAb/dEGCG@NPs to offer a combination treatment strategy for efficient and systemic GBM elimination. Given their GBM targeted delivery and tumor microenvironment responsiveness, S-biAb/dEGCG@NPs displayed enhanced intracranial accumulation, 4.1-, 9.5-, and 12.3-fold higher than that of biAb/dEGCG@NPs, biAb/dEGCG complexes, and free biAbs, respectively. Furthermore, 50% of GBM-bearing mice in the S-biAb/dEGCG@NP group survived longer than 56 days. Overall, S-biAb/dEGCG@NPs can induce GBM elimination by boosting the ferroptosis effect and enhancing immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) immunotherapy and may be successful antibody nanocarriers for enhanced cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangrang Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Caili Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P. R. China
| | - Min Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Di Chuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Huan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Jianhan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Aiping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Gang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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17
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Bosenberg M, Liu ET, Yu CI, Palucka K. Mouse models for immuno-oncology. Trends Cancer 2023:S2405-8033(23)00041-9. [PMID: 37087398 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Realizing the clinical promise of cancer immunotherapy is hindered by gaps in our knowledge of in vivo mechanisms underlying treatment response as well as treatment limiting toxicity. Preclinical in vivo model systems and technologies are required to address these knowledge gaps and to surmount the challenges faced in the clinical application of immunotherapy. Mice are commonly used for basic and translational research to support development and testing of immune interventions, including for cancer. Here, we discuss the advantages and the limitations of current models as well as future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Bosenberg
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Edison T Liu
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA; The Jackson Laboratory Cancer Center, Bar Harbor, ME, USA.
| | - Chun I Yu
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA; The Jackson Laboratory Cancer Center, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Karolina Palucka
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA; The Jackson Laboratory Cancer Center, Bar Harbor, ME, USA.
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18
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Wang Y, Li J, Xia L. Plant-derived natural products and combination therapy in liver cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1116532. [PMID: 36865794 PMCID: PMC9971944 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1116532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the malignant cancers globally and seriously endangers human health because of its high morbidity and mortality. Plant-derived natural products have been evaluated as potential anticancer drugs due to low side effects and high anti-tumor efficacy. However, plant-derived natural products also have defects of poor solubility and cumbersome extraction process. In recent years, a growing numbers of plant derived natural products have been used in combination therapy of liver cancer with conventional chemotherapeutic agents, which has improved clinical efficacy through multiple mechanisms, including inhibition of tumor growth, induction of apoptosis, suppression of angiogenesis, enhancement of immunity, reversal of multiple drug resistance and reduction of side effects. The therapeutic effects and mechanisms of plant-derived natural products and combination therapy on liver cancer are reviewed to provide references for developing anti-liver-cancer strategies with high efficacy and low side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jinyao Li
- *Correspondence: Jinyao Li, ; Lijie Xia,
| | - Lijie Xia
- *Correspondence: Jinyao Li, ; Lijie Xia,
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19
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A CD19-Anti-ErbB2 scFv Engager Protein Enables CD19-Specific CAR T Cells to Eradicate ErbB2 + Solid Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020248. [PMID: 36672182 PMCID: PMC9856536 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of CD19-specific CAR T cells in the treatment of leukemia/lymphoma relies, at least in part, on the unique properties of the particular CAR and the presence of healthy B cells that enhance the target cell lysis and cytokine secretion through repetitive stimulation. Here, we report to apply the same CAR to target solid tumors, such as ErbB2+ carcinoma. CD19 CAR T cells are redirected towards the ErbB2+ cells by a fusion protein that is composed of the herceptin-derived anti-ErbB2 scFv 4D5 linked to the CD19 exodomain. The CD19-4D5scFv engager enabled CD19 CAR T cells to recognize the ErbB2+ cancer cells and to suppress the ErbB2+ tumor growth. The primary killing capacity by the ErbB2-redirected CD19 CAR T cells was as efficient as by the ErbB2 CAR T cells, however, adding CD19+ B cells furthermore reinforced the activation of the CD19 CAR T cells, thereby improving the anti-tumor activities. The ErbB2-redirected CD19 CAR T cells, moreover, showed a 100-fold superior selectivity in targeting cancer cells versus healthy fibroblasts, which was not the case for the ErbB2 CAR T cells. The data demonstrate that the CD19 CAR T cells can be high-jacked by a CD19-scFv engager protein to attack specifically solid cancer, thereby expanding their application beyond the B cell malignancies.
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20
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Koga H, Yamano T, Betancur J, Nagatomo S, Ikeda Y, Yamaguchi K, Nabuchi Y, Sato K, Teranishi-Ikawa Y, Sato M, Hirayama H, Hayasaka A, Torizawa T, Haraya K, Sampei Z, Shiraiwa H, Kitazawa T, Igawa T, Kuramochi T. Efficient production of bispecific antibody by FAST-Ig TM and its application to NXT007 for the treatment of hemophilia A. MAbs 2023; 15:2222441. [PMID: 37339067 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2023.2222441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient production of bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) in single mammalian cells is essential for basic research and industrial manufacturing. However, preventing unwanted pairing of heavy chains (HCs) and light chains (LCs) is a challenging task. To address this, we created an engineering technology for preferential cognate HC/LC and HC/HC paring called FAST-Ig (Four-chain Assembly by electrostatic Steering Technology - Immunoglobulin), and applied it to NXT007, a BsAb for the treatment of hemophilia A. We introduced charged amino-acid substitutions at the HC/LC interface to facilitate the proper assembly for manufacturing a standard IgG-type BsAb. We generated CH1/CL interface-engineered antibody variants that achieved > 95% correct HC/LC pairing efficiency with favorable pharmacological properties and developability. Among these, we selected a design (C3) that allowed us to separate the mis-paired species with an unintended pharmacological profile using ion-exchange chromatography. Crystal structure analysis demonstrated that the C3 design did not affect the overall structure of both Fabs. To determine the final design for HCs-heterodimerization, we compared the stability of charge-based and knobs into hole-based Fc formats in acidic conditions and selected the more stable charge-based format. FAST-Ig was also applicable to stable CHO cell lines for industrial production and demonstrated robust chain pairing with different subclasses of parent BsAbs. Thus, it can be applied to a wide variety of BsAbs both preclinically and clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Koga
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamano
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Juan Betancur
- API Process Development Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Ukima, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Nagatomo
- Analytical Development Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Ukima, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yousuke Ikeda
- Analytical Development Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Ukima, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yamaguchi
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nabuchi
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sato
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Motohiko Sato
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hirayama
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akira Hayasaka
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takuya Torizawa
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenta Haraya
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Zenjiro Sampei
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hirotake Shiraiwa
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takehisa Kitazawa
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Igawa
- Translational Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taichi Kuramochi
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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21
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Wu T, Song Z, Huang H, Jakos T, Jiang H, Xie Y, Zhu J. Construction and evaluation of GPC3-targeted immunotoxins as a novel therapeutic modality for hepatocellular carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109393. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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22
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Bispecific Antibodies: A Novel Approach for the Treatment of Solid Tumors. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112442. [PMID: 36432631 PMCID: PMC9694302 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancement in sequencing technologies allows for the identification of molecular pathways involved in tumor progression and treatment resistance. Implementation of novel agents targeting these pathways, defined as targeted therapy, significantly improves the prognosis of cancer patients. Targeted therapy also includes the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). These drugs recognize specific oncogenic proteins expressed in cancer cells. However, as with many other types of targeting agents, mAb-based therapy usually fails in the long-term control of cancer progression due to the development of resistance. In many cases, resistance is caused by the activation of alternative pathways involved in cancer progression and the development of immune evasion mechanisms. To overcome this off-target resistance, bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) were developed to simultaneously target differential oncogenic pathway components, tumor-associated antigens (TAA) and immune regulatory molecules. As a result, in the last few years, several bsAbs have been tested or are being tested in cancer patients. A few of them are currently approved for the treatment of some hematologic malignancies but no bsAbs are approved in solid tumors. In this review, we will provide an overview of the state-of-the-art of bsAbs for the treatment of solid malignancies outlining their classification, design, main technologies utilized for production, mechanisms of action, updated clinical evidence and potential limitations.
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23
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Wei J, Yang Y, Wang G, Liu M. Current landscape and future directions of bispecific antibodies in cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1035276. [PMID: 36389699 PMCID: PMC9650279 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1035276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy using monoclonal antibodies have dramatically revolutionized the therapeutic strategy against advanced malignancies, inspiring the exploration of various types of therapeutic antibodies. Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) are recombinant molecules containing two different antigens or epitopes identifying binding domains. Bispecific antibody-based tumor immunotherapy has gained broad potential in preclinical and clinical investigations in a variety of tumor types following regulatory approval of newly developed technologies involving bispecific and multispecific antibodies. Meanwhile, a series of challenges such as antibody immunogenicity, tumor heterogeneity, low response rate, treatment resistance, and systemic adverse effects hinder the application of BsAbs. In this review, we provide insights into the various architecture of BsAbs, focus on BsAbs' alternative different mechanisms of action and clinical progression, and discuss relevant approaches to overcome existing challenges in BsAbs clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wei
- Gastric Cancer Center/Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yueyao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Gastric Cancer Center/Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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24
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Combination of T cell-redirecting bispecific antibody ERY974 and chemotherapy reciprocally enhances efficacy against non-inflamed tumours. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5265. [PMID: 36071036 PMCID: PMC9452528 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32952-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying a strategy with strong efficacy against non-inflamed tumours is vital in cancer immune therapy. ERY974 is a humanized IgG4 bispecific T cell-redirecting antibody that recognizes glypican-3 and CD3. Here we examine the combination effect of ERY974 and chemotherapy (paclitaxel, cisplatin, and capecitabine) in the treatment of non-inflamed tumours in a xenograft model. ERY974 monotherapy shows a minor antitumour effect on non-inflamed NCI-H446 xenografted tumours, as infiltration of ERY974-redirected T cells is limited to the tumour-stromal boundary. However, combination therapy improves efficacy by promoting T cell infiltration into the tumour centre, and increasing ERY974 distribution in the tumour. ERY974 increases capecitabine-induced cytotoxicity by promoting capecitabine conversion to its active form by inducing thymidine phosphorylase expression in non-inflamed MKN45 tumour through ERY974-induced IFNγ and TNFα in T cells. We show that ERY974 with chemotherapy synergistically and reciprocally increases antitumour efficacy, eradicating non-inflamed tumours.
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25
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Novel Nanotechnology Approaches to Overcome Drug Resistance in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Glypican 3 as a Useful Target for Innovative Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710038. [PMID: 36077433 PMCID: PMC9456072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most lethal tumor, with a 5-year survival rate of 18%. Early stage HCC is potentially treatable by therapies with curative intent, whereas chemoembolization/radioembolization and systemic therapies are the only therapeutic options for intermediate or advanced HCC. Drug resistance is a critical obstacle in the treatment of HCC that could be overcome by the use of targeted nanoparticle-based therapies directed towards specific tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) to improve drug delivery. Glypican 3 (GPC3) is a member of the glypican family, heparan sulfate proteoglycans bound to the cell surface via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. The high levels of GPC3 detected in HCC and the absence or very low levels in normal and non-malignant liver make GPC3 a promising TAA candidate for targeted nanoparticle-based therapies. The use of nanoparticles conjugated with anti-GPC3 agents may improve drug delivery, leading to a reduction in severe side effects caused by chemotherapy and increased drug release at the tumor site. In this review, we describe the main clinical features of HCC and the common treatment approaches. We propose the proteoglycan GPC3 as a useful TAA for targeted therapies. Finally, we describe nanotechnology approaches for anti-GPC3 drug delivery systems based on NPs for HCC treatment.
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26
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Kines RC, Schiller JT. Harnessing Human Papillomavirus’ Natural Tropism to Target Tumors. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081656. [PMID: 36016277 PMCID: PMC9413966 DOI: 10.3390/v14081656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are small non-enveloped DNA tumor viruses established as the primary etiological agent for the development of cervical cancer. Decades of research have elucidated HPV’s primary attachment factor to be heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG). Importantly, wounding and exposure of the epithelial basement membrane was found to be pivotal for efficient attachment and infection of HPV in vivo. Sulfation patterns on HSPG’s become modified at the site of wounds as they serve an important role promoting tissue healing, cell proliferation and neovascularization and it is these modifications recognized by HPV. Analogous HSPG modification patterns can be found on tumor cells as they too require the aforementioned processes to grow and metastasize. Although targeting tumor associated HSPG is not a novel concept, the use of HPV to target and treat tumors has only been realized in recent years. The work herein describes how decades of basic HPV research has culminated in the rational design of an HPV-based virus-like infrared light activated dye conjugate for the treatment of choroidal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John T. Schiller
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
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27
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Determination of starting dose of the T cell-redirecting bispecific antibody ERY974 targeting glypican-3 in first-in-human clinical trial. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12312. [PMID: 35853994 PMCID: PMC9296674 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16564-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, ERY974, a humanized IgG4 bispecific T cell-redirecting antibody recognizing glypican-3 and CD3, is in phase I clinical trials. After a first-in-human clinical trial of an anti-CD28 agonist monoclonal antibody resulting in severe life-threatening adverse events, the minimal anticipated biological effect level approach has been considered for determining the first-in-human dose of high-risk drugs. Accordingly, we aimed to determine the first-in-human dose of ERY974 using both the minimal anticipated biological effect level and no observed adverse effect level approaches. In the former, we used the 10% effective concentration value from a cytotoxicity assay using the huH-1 cell line with the highest sensitivity to ERY974 to calculate the first-in-human dose of 4.9 ng/kg, at which maximum drug concentration after 4 h of intravenous ERY974 infusion was equal to the 10% effective concentration value. To determine the no observed adverse effect level, we conducted a single-dose study in cynomolgus monkeys that were intravenously infused with ERY974 (0.1, 1, and 10 μg/kg). The lowest dose of 0.1 μg/kg was determined as the no observed adverse effect level, and the first-in-human dose of 3.2 ng/kg was calculated, considering body surface area and species difference. For the phase I clinical trial, we selected 3.0 ng/kg as a starting dose, which was lower than the first-in-human dose calculated from both the no observed adverse effect level and minimal anticipated biological effect level. Combining these two methods to determine the first-in-human dose of strong immune modulators such as T cell-redirecting antibodies would be a suitable approach from safety and efficacy perspectives. Clinical trial registration: JapicCTI-194805/NCT05022927.
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28
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Leclercq G, Steinhoff N, Haegel H, De Marco D, Bacac M, Klein C. Novel strategies for the mitigation of cytokine release syndrome induced by T cell engaging therapies with a focus on the use of kinase inhibitors. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2083479. [PMID: 35694193 PMCID: PMC9176235 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2083479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell engaging therapies, like CAR-T cells and T cell engagers, redirect T cells toward tumor cells, facilitating the formation of a cytotoxic synapse and resulting in subsequent tumor cell killing. T cell receptor or CAR-T downstream signaling triggers a release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which can induce a Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS). The incidence of CRS is still hardly predictable among individuals and remains one of the major dose-limiting safety liabilities associated with on-target activity of T cell engaging therapies. This emphasizes the need to elaborate mitigation strategies, which reduce cytokine release while retaining efficacy. Here, we review pre-clinical and clinical approaches applied for the management of CRS symptoms in the context of T cell engaging therapies, highlighting the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors as an emerging mitigation strategy. In particular, we focus on the effects of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), Src family including Lck, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Janus tyrosine kinase (JAK) inhibitors on T cell functionality and cytokine release, to provide a rationale for their use as mitigation strategies against CRS in the context of T cell engaging therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Leclercq
- Oncology Disease Therapeutic Area, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, pRED, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Steinhoff
- Oncology Disease Therapeutic Area, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, pRED, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Hélène Haegel
- Phamaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, pRED, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Donata De Marco
- Phamaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, pRED, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marina Bacac
- Oncology Disease Therapeutic Area, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, pRED, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Christian Klein
- Oncology Disease Therapeutic Area, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, pRED, Schlieren, Switzerland
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29
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Shin HG, Yang HR, Yoon A, Lee S. Bispecific Antibody-Based Immune-Cell Engagers and Their Emerging Therapeutic Targets in Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5686. [PMID: 35628495 PMCID: PMC9146966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide after cardiovascular diseases. Harnessing the power of immune cells is a promising strategy to improve the antitumor effect of cancer immunotherapy. Recent progress in recombinant DNA technology and antibody engineering has ushered in a new era of bispecific antibody (bsAb)-based immune-cell engagers (ICEs), including T- and natural-killer-cell engagers. Since the first approval of blinatumomab by the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA), various bsAb-based ICEs have been developed for the effective treatment of patients with cancer. Simultaneously, several potential therapeutic targets of bsAb-based ICEs have been identified in various cancers. Therefore, this review focused on not only highlighting the action mechanism, design and structure, and status of bsAb-based ICEs in clinical development and their approval by the US FDA for human malignancy treatment, but also on summarizing the currently known and emerging therapeutic targets in cancer. This review provides insights into practical considerations for developing next-generation ICEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Gyeong Shin
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea; (H.G.S.); (H.R.Y.)
| | - Ha Rim Yang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea; (H.G.S.); (H.R.Y.)
| | - Aerin Yoon
- R&D Division, GC Biopharma, Yongin 16924, Korea
| | - Sukmook Lee
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea; (H.G.S.); (H.R.Y.)
- Biopharmaceutical Chemistry Major, School of Applied Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
- Antibody Research Institute, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
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30
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Hickman TL, Choi E, Whiteman KR, Muralidharan S, Pai T, Johnson T, Parikh A, Friedman T, Gilbert M, Shen B, Barron L, McGinness KE, Ettenberg SA, Motz GT, Weiss GJ, Jensen-Smith A. BOXR1030, an anti-GPC3 CAR with exogenous GOT2 expression, shows enhanced T cell metabolism and improved anti-cell line derived tumor xenograft activity. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266980. [PMID: 35507536 PMCID: PMC9067639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The solid tumor microenvironment (TME) drives T cell dysfunction and inhibits the effectiveness of immunotherapies such as chimeric antigen receptor-based T cell (CAR T) cells. Early data has shown that modulation of T cell metabolism can improve intratumoral T cell function in preclinical models. Experimental design We evaluated GPC3 expression in human normal and tumor tissue specimens. We developed and evaluated BOXR1030, a novel CAR T therapeutic co-expressing glypican-3 (GPC3)-targeted CAR and exogenous glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2 (GOT2) in terms of CAR T cell function both in vitro and in vivo. Results Cell surface expression of tumor antigen GPC3 was observed by immunohistochemical staining in tumor biopsies from hepatocellular carcinoma, liposarcoma, squamous lung cancer, and Merkel cell carcinoma patients. Compared to control GPC3 CAR alone, BOXR1030 (GPC3-targeted CAR T cell that co-expressed GOT2) demonstrated superior in vivo efficacy in aggressive solid tumor xenograft models, and showed favorable attributes in vitro including an enhanced cytokine production profile, a less-differentiated T cell phenotype with lower expression of stress and exhaustion markers, an enhanced metabolic profile and increased proliferation in TME-like conditions. Conclusions Together, these results demonstrated that co-expression of GOT2 can substantially improve the overall antitumor activity of CAR T cells by inducing broad changes in cellular function and phenotype. These data show that BOXR1030 is an attractive approach to targeting select solid tumors. To this end, BOXR1030 will be explored in the clinic to assess safety, dose-finding, and preliminary efficacy (NCT05120271).
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor L. Hickman
- Unum Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eugene Choi
- Unum Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kathleen R. Whiteman
- Unum Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- SOTIO Biotech Inc
| | | | - Tapasya Pai
- Unum Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tyler Johnson
- Unum Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Avani Parikh
- Unum Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Taylor Friedman
- Unum Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Madaline Gilbert
- Unum Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Binzhang Shen
- Unum Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Luke Barron
- Unum Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Seth A. Ettenberg
- Unum Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Greg T. Motz
- Unum Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Glen J. Weiss
- Unum Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- SOTIO Biotech Inc
- * E-mail: (GJW); (AJS)
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31
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Deng H, Niu Z, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Wang G, Wang Y, Yang J. Back on the scene: advances and challenges in CD3-related drugs in tumor therapy. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:2199-2208. [PMID: 35489674 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CD3 molecules are mainly distributed on the membrane of mature T cells. They are involved in T cell antigen recognition, signal transduction, and regulation of T cell development. CD3-related monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are mainly used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Nearly half of all bispecific antibodies developed are used in tumor therapy, one of which is CD3 antigen. In this review, we discuss the importance of biological function and the crucial role of CD3 in tumor therapy. We highlight the research status of antibodies and small molecules targeting CD3 to provide guidance for future drug research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; These authors contributed equally
| | - Zhendong Niu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; These authors contributed equally
| | - Zhixiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; These authors contributed equally
| | - Jixuan Zhang
- Office of Supervision, Sichuan Development Holding Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Guan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jinliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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Arvedson T, Bailis JM, Britten CD, Klinger M, Nagorsen D, Coxon A, Egen JG, Martin F. Targeting Solid Tumors with Bispecific T Cell Engager Immune Therapy. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-070620-104325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
T cell engagers (TCEs) are targeted immunotherapies that have emerged as a promising treatment to redirect effector T cells for tumor cell killing. The strong therapeutic value of TCEs, established by the approval of blinatumomab for the treatment of B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia, has expanded to include other hematologic malignancies, as well as some solid tumors. Successful clinical development of TCEs in solid tumors has proven challenging, as it requires additional considerations such as the selectivity of target expression, tumor accessibility, and the impact of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In this review, we provide a brief history of blinatumomab, summarize learnings from TCEs in hematologic malignancies, and highlight results from recent TCE trials in solid tumors. Additionally, we examine approaches to improve the efficacy and safety of TCEs in solid tumors, including therapeutic combinations to increase the depth and durability of response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Arvedson
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Julie M. Bailis
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | - Dirk Nagorsen
- Amgen Global Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Angela Coxon
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Jackson G. Egen
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Flavius Martin
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
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33
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Pan Z, Chen J, Xiao X, Xie Y, Jiang H, Zhang B, Lu H, Yuan Y, Han L, Zhou Y, Zong H, Wang L, Sun R, Zhu J. Characterization of a novel bispecific antibody targeting tissue factor-positive tumors with T cell engagement. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1928-1942. [PMID: 35847491 PMCID: PMC9279644 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell engaging bispecific antibody (TCB) is an effective immunotherapy for cancer treatment. Through co-targeting CD3 and tumor-associated antigen (TAA), TCB can redirect CD3+ T cells to eliminate tumor cells regardless of the specificity of T cell receptor. Tissue factor (TF) is a TAA that involved in tumor progression. Here, we designed and characterized a novel TCB targeting TF (TF-TCB) for the treatment of TF-positive tumors. In vitro, robust T cell activation, tumor cell lysis and T cell proliferation were induced by TF-TCB. The tumor cell lysis activity was dependent upon both CD3 and TF binding moieties of the TF-TCB, and was related to TF expression level of tumor cells. In vivo, in both tumor cell/human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) co-grafting model and established tumor models with poor T cell infiltration, tumor growth was strongly inhibited by TF-TCB. T cell infiltration into tumors was induced during the treatment. Furthermore, efficacy of TF-TCB was further improved by combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. For the first time, our results validated the feasibility of using TF as a target for TCB and highlighted the potential for TF-TCB to demonstrate efficacy in solid tumor treatment.
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34
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Kang SM, Khalil L, El-Rayes BF, Akce M. Rapidly Evolving Landscape and Future Horizons in Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Era of Immuno-Oncology. Front Oncol 2022; 12:821903. [PMID: 35433430 PMCID: PMC9008732 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.821903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a serious global health problem as one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Systemic therapy for advanced HCC has progressed with the development of molecular targeted agents, however survival benefits remain modest. More recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have emerged and exhibited promising therapeutic benefits in a subset of patients. Physiologically, the intrinsic microenvironment in the liver is immunosuppressive, which represents a major obstacle for effective immune therapies in primary and secondary liver malignancies. For this reason, combination therapies that can overcome immune inhibitory mechanisms and enhance the immune response are a rationale approach for drug development in HCC. A recent example is the combination of the anti-PD-L1 antibody (atezolizumab) and anti-VEGF-A antibody (bevacizumab), which has shown significant improvement in survival as compared to standard of care in the first-line treatment for HCC. Other immunotherapy approaches including cancer vaccines and adoptive cell therapy are also under investigation. This review summarizes the key trials leading to our current HCC treatment options and provides an overview of future immune-based strategies in development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mehmet Akce
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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35
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Kaneko C, Tsutsui H, Ozeki K, Honda M, Haraya K, Narita Y, Kamata-Sakurai M, Kikuta J, Tabo M, Ishii M. In vivo imaging with two-photon microscopy to assess the tumor-selective binding of an anti-CD137 switch antibody. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4907. [PMID: 35318394 PMCID: PMC8941111 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08951-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
STA551, a novel anti-CD137 switch antibody, binds to CD137 in an extracellular ATP concentration-dependent manner. Although STA551 is assumed to show higher target binding in tumor tissues than in normal tissues, quantitative detection of the target binding of the switch antibody in vivo is technically challenging. In this study, we investigated the target binding of STA551 in vivo using intravital imaging with two-photon microscopy. Tumor-bearing human CD137 knock-in mice were intravenously administered fluorescently labeled antibodies. Flow cytometry analysis of antibody-binding cells and intravital imaging using two-photon microscopy were conducted. Higher CD137 expression in tumor than in spleen tissues was detected by flow cytometry analysis, and T cells and NK cells were the major CD137-expressing cells. In the intravital imaging experiment, conventional and switch anti-CD137 antibodies showed binding in tumors. However, in the spleen, the fluorescence of the switch antibody was much weaker than that of the conventional anti-CD137 antibody and comparable with that of the isotype control. In conclusion, we were able to assess switch antibody biodistribution in vivo through intravital imaging with two-photon microscopy. These results suggest that the tumor-selective binding of STA551 leads to a wide therapeutic window and potent antitumor efficacy without systemic immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Kaneko
- Translational Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, 412-8513, Japan
| | - Haruka Tsutsui
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, 412-8513, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Ozeki
- Translational Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, 412-8513, Japan.
| | - Masaki Honda
- Translational Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, 412-8513, Japan.
| | - Kenta Haraya
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, 412-8513, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Narita
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-11 to 16, Synapse, Singapore, 138623, Singapore
| | - Mika Kamata-Sakurai
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 200, Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa, 247-0570, Japan
| | - Junichi Kikuta
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Tabo
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, 412-8513, Japan
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory of Bioimaging and Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8, Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
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Iwata Y, Narushima Y, Harada A, Mishima M. Priming treatment with T-cell redirecting bispecific antibody ERY974 reduced cytokine induction without losing cytotoxic activity in vitro by changing the chromatin state in T cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 441:115986. [PMID: 35304238 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.115986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
CD3 bispecific constructs are anticipated to become an important form of cancer immunotherapy, but they frequently cause cytokine release syndrome (CRS) that is difficult to manage in clinical contexts. A combination of intra-patient dose escalation and immunosuppressive treatment is widely used to mitigate CRS. Studies suggest that CRS after subsequent doses of CD3 bispecific constructs is less severe than after the priming dose, and that step-up dosing reduces cytokine levels in animals and humans. However, the mechanism underlying the reduced cytokine induction after priming treatment with CD3 bispecific constructs is unclear. To understand human T-cell activation and chromatin states after priming treatment with CD3 bispecific construct targeting CD3ɛ and glypican 3 (ERY974), we examined cytokine levels, cytokine mRNA expression, CD3ɛ expression, CD3-mediated signal transduction, T cell activation markers, cytotoxicity against target cells, and chromatin states in T cells after ERY974 priming treatment or negative control. The second ERY974 treatment decreased cytokines on Day 8, and ERY974 priming treatment changed the chromatin state in T cells. CD3ɛ expression, CD3-mediated signal transduction, T cell activation markers, and cytotoxicity were similar between the priming treatment with ERY974 and negative control. The present study suggests that chromatin state changes in T cells after the priming treatment was a pivotal factor in the mitigation of cytokine release after the second ERY974 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshika Iwata
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan.
| | - Yuta Narushima
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
| | - Asako Harada
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
| | - Masayuki Mishima
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
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Xu X, Gu H, Li H, Gao S, Shi X, Shen J, Li B, Wang H, Zheng K, Shao Z, Cheng P, Cha Z, Peng S, Nie Y, Li Z, Guo S, Qian B, Jin G. Large-cohort humanized NPI mice reconstituted with CD34 + hematopoietic stem cells are feasible for evaluating preclinical cancer immunotherapy. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22244. [PMID: 35262964 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101548rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has achieved impressive therapeutic effects in many cancers, while only a small subset of patients benefit from it and some patients even have experienced severe toxicity. It is urgent to develop a feasible large-cohort humanized mouse model to evaluate the pre-clinical efficacy and safety of cancer immunotherapy. Furthermore, developing potentially effective combination therapy between cancer immunotherapy and other therapies also needs humanized mouse model to adequately mimic clinical actual setting. Herein, we established a humanized mouse model engrafted with less human CD34+ HSCs than ever before and then evaluated reconstitution efficiency and the profiles of human immune cells in this humanized mouse model. Also, this humanized mouse model was used to evaluate the preclinical efficacy and safety of cancer immunotherapy. For each batch of CD34+ HSCs humanized mouse model, a relatively-large cohort with over 25% human CD45+ cells in peripheral blood was established. This humanized mouse model could efficiently reconstitute human innate and adaptive immune cells. This humanized mouse model supported patient-derived xenograft tumor growth and tumor infiltration of PD-1+ human T cells. Furthermore, therapeutic efficacy, re-activation of tumor-infiltrated T cells, and side effects of checkpoint blockade therapy could be monitored in this humanized mouse model. Human T cells from this humanized mouse model were successfully engineered with CD19-CAR. CD19 CAR-T cells could effectively deplete B cells and suppress tumor growth of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in vivo in this humanized mouse model. This humanized mouse model also could be used to demonstrate the efficacy of bispecific antibodies, such as anti-CD19/CD3. Overall, our work provides a feasible large-cohort humanized mouse model for evaluating a variety of cancer immunotherapy approaches including checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell therapy, and bispecific antibody therapy, and demonstrates that human T cells from this humanized mouse model possess anti-tumor activities in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongfei Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haihui Gu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Suizhi Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohan Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kailian Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuo Shao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanshan Cha
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhaoshen Li
- Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baohua Qian
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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38
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Lee HM. Strategies for Manipulating T Cells in Cancer Immunotherapy. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2022; 30:299-308. [PMID: 35264464 PMCID: PMC9252880 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2021.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells are attractive targets for the development of immunotherapy to treat cancer due to their biological features, capacity of cytotoxicity, and antigen-specific binding of receptors. Novel strategies that can modulate T cell functions or receptor reactivity provide effective therapies, including checkpoint inhibitor, bispecific antibody, and adoptive transfer of T cells transduced with tumor antigen-specific receptors. T cell-based therapies have presented successful pre-clinical/clinical outcomes despite their common immune-related adverse effects. Ongoing studies will allow us to advance current T cell therapies and develop innovative personalized T cell therapies. This review summarizes immunotherapeutic approaches with a focus on T cells. Anti-cancer T cell therapies are also discussed regarding their biological perspectives, efficacy, toxicity, challenges, and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyang-Mi Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul 02748, Republic of Korea
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39
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Zheng X, Liu X, Lei Y, Wang G, Liu M. Glypican-3: A Novel and Promising Target for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:824208. [PMID: 35251989 PMCID: PMC8889910 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.824208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glypican-3 (GPC3) is a membrane-associated proteoglycan that is specifically up-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) although rarely or not expressed in normal liver tissues, making it a perfect diagnostic and treatment target for HCC. Several GPC3-based clinical trials are ongoing and recently several innovative GPC3-targeted therapeutic methods have emerged with exciting results, including GPC3 vaccine, anti-GPC3 immunotoxin, combined therapy with immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs), and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T or NK cells. Here, we review the value of GPC3 in the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC, together with its signaling pathways, with a specific focus on GPC3-targeted treatments of HCC and some prospects for the future GPC3-based therapeutic strategies in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufeng Zheng
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanna Lei
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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40
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Zhang C, Shi Y, Wu L, Wang C, Liao N, Wang F, Zhao B, Wang Y, Liu X. Far-Red Light Triggered Production of Bispecific T Cell Engagers (BiTEs) from Engineered Cells for Antitumor Application. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:888-899. [PMID: 35113526 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs), which have shown potent antitumor activity in humans, are emerging as one of the most promising immunotherapeutic strategies for cancer treatment in recent years. However, the clinical application of BiTEs nowadays has been hampered by their short half-life in the circulatory system due to their low molecular weight and rapid renal clearance. Inevitable continuous infusion of BiTEs has become a routine operation in order to achieve effective treatment, although it is costly, inconvenient, time-consuming, and even painful for patients in some cases. To develop an on-demand, tunable, and reversible approach to overcome these limitations, we assembled a transcription-control device into mammalian cells based on a bacterial far-red light (FRL) responsive signaling pathway to drive the expression of a BiTE against Glypican 3 (GPC3), which is a highly tumor-specific antigen expressed in most hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). As demonstrated in in vitro experiments, we proved that the FRL sensitive device spatiotemporally responded to the control of FRL illumination and produced a therapeutic level of BiTEs that recruited and activated human T cells to eliminate GPC3 positive tumor cells. By functionally harnessing the power of optogenetics to remotely regulate the production of BiTEs from bioengineered cells and demonstrating its effectiveness in treating tumor cells, this study provides a novel approach to achieve an in vivo supply of BiTEs, which could be potentially applied to other formats of bispecific antibodies and facilitate their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuilin Zhang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, PR China
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, PR China
| | - Yingjun Shi
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, PR China
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, PR China
| | - Lingjie Wu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, PR China
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, PR China
| | - Chenyi Wang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, PR China
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, PR China
| | - Naishun Liao
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, PR China
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, PR China
| | - Fei Wang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, PR China
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, PR China
| | - Bixing Zhao
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, PR China
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, PR China
| | - Yingchao Wang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, PR China
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, PR China
- The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, PR China
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Leclercq G, Servera LA, Danilin S, Challier J, Steinhoff N, Bossen C, Odermatt A, Nicolini V, Umaña P, Klein C, Bacac M, Giusti AM, Schneider A, Haegel H. Dissecting the mechanism of cytokine release induced by T-cell engagers highlights the contribution of neutrophils. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2039432. [PMID: 35186442 PMCID: PMC8855852 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2039432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell engagers represent a novel promising class of cancer-immunotherapies redirecting T cells to tumor cells and have some promising outcomes in the clinic. These molecules can be associated with a mode-of-action related risk of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) in patients. CRS is characterized by the rapid release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-1β and immune cell activation eliciting clinical symptoms of fever, hypoxia and hypotension. In this work, we investigated the biological mechanisms triggering and amplifying cytokine release after treatment with T cell bispecific antibodies (TCBs) employing an in vitro co-culture assay of human PBMCs or total leukocytes (PBMCs + neutrophils) and corresponding target antigen-expressing cells with four different TCBs. We identified T cells as the triggers of the TCB-mediated cytokine cascade and monocytes and neutrophils as downstream amplifier cells. Furthermore, we assessed the chronology of events by neutralization of T-cell derived cytokines. For the first time, we demonstrate the contribution of neutrophils to TCB-mediated cytokine release and confirm these findings by single-cell RNA sequencing of human whole blood incubated with a B-cell depleting TCB. This work could contribute to the construction of mechanistic models of cytokine release and definition of more specific molecular and cellular biomarkers of CRS in the context of treatment with T-cell engagers. In addition, it provides insight for the elaboration of prophylactic mitigation strategies that can reduce the occurrence of CRS and increase the therapeutic index of TCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Leclercq
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Llucia Alberti Servera
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Danilin
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - John Challier
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Steinhoff
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Bossen
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Nicolini
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Umaña
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Klein
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marina Bacac
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna-Maria Giusti
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anneliese Schneider
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hélène Haegel
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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An S, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Wang C, Shi L, Wei W, Huang G, Liu J. GPC3-targeted immunoPET imaging of hepatocellular carcinomas. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:2682-2692. [PMID: 35147737 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05723-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a clinical challenge. Glypican 3 (GPC3) is a proteoglycan highly specific for HCC and is a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for HCC. This work aims to develop GPC3-targeted immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) imaging strategies and to assess the diagnostic values in preclinical HCC models. METHODS Flow cytometry was used to screen GPC3-positive HCC cell lines. The expression of GPC3 in HCCs was detected by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarray. A novel GPC3-specific single domain antibody (sdAb) was produced and labeled with gallium-68 (68Ga, T1/2 = 1.1 h) and fluorine-18 (18F, T1/2 = 1.8 h) to develop radiotracers with different half-lives. The diagnostic efficacies of the developed probes (i.e., [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-G2, [18F]F-G2, and [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-ABDG2) were interrogated in preclinical HCC models bearing varying GPC3 levels. RESULTS GPC3 was strongly expressed on HCC cell lines and patients with poorly differentiated HCC. [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-G2 immunoPET imaging specifically delineated the subcutaneous HCC lesions, outperforming the traditional 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET and the nonspecific [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-NbGFP immunoPET. ImmunoPET imaging with [18F]F-G2 also efficiently diagnosed the tumors with clarity. Moreover, the fusion of G2 to an albumin-binding domain (ABD) significantly increased the tumor uptake and decreased kidney accumulation of the radiotracer when compared to [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-G2. CONCLUSIONS In the work, we successfully developed sdAb-derived GPC3-targeted immunoPET imaging strategies and characterized the superior diagnostic accuracies in preclinical HCC models. Furthermore, we synthesized a fusion protein ABDG2 with improved targeting and pharmacokinetic properties, serving as a promising candidate for developing radioimmunotherapy agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian An
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - You Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Rd, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Zhang H, Zhang W, Jiang L, Chen Y. Recent advances in systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomark Res 2022; 10:3. [PMID: 35000616 PMCID: PMC8744248 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00350-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and lethal malignant tumors in the world. Therapeutic options for advanced HCC are limited. Systemic treatment, especially with conventional cytotoxic drugs, is usually ineffective. For more than a decade, sorafenib has been the only systemic drug that has been proven to be clinically effective for treating advanced HCC. However, over the past three years, the rapid progress of molecular targeted therapies has dramatically changed the treatment landscape for advanced HCC. Immune checkpoint therapies are now being incorporated into HCC therapies, and their combination with molecular targeted therapy is emerging as a tool to enhance the immune response. In this review, we summarize the development and progress of molecular targeted agents and immunotherapies in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Wuyang Zhang
- Clinical skills training center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Longying Jiang
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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Li D, Lin S, Hong J, Ho M. Immunotherapy for hepatobiliary cancers: Emerging targets and translational advances. Adv Cancer Res 2022; 156:415-449. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2022.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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45
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Wu Y, Yi M, Zhu S, Wang H, Wu K. Recent advances and challenges of bispecific antibodies in solid tumors. Exp Hematol Oncol 2021; 10:56. [PMID: 34922633 PMCID: PMC8684149 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-021-00250-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has made remarkable progress in the past decade. Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) have acquired much attention as the next generation strategy of antibody-target cancer immunotherapy, which overwhelmingly focus on T cell recruitment and dual receptors blockade. So far, BsAb drugs have been proved clinically effective and approved for the treatment of hematologic malignancies, but no BsAb have been approved in solid tumors. Numerous designed BsAb drugs for solid tumors are now undergoing evaluation in clinical trials. In this review, we will introduce the formats of bispecific antibodies, and then update the latest preclinical studies and clinical trials in solid tumors of BsAbs targeting EpCAM, CEA, PMSA, ErbB family, and so on. Finally, we discuss the BsAb-related adverse effects and the alternative strategy for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuze Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shuangli Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Beijing Anjianxi Medicinal Technology Co., Ltd., No.2 Cuiwei Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100036, China.
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Mandó P, Rivero SG, Rizzo MM, Pinkasz M, Levy EM. Targeting ADCC: A different approach to HER2 breast cancer in the immunotherapy era. Breast 2021; 60:15-25. [PMID: 34454323 PMCID: PMC8399304 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical outcome of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) amplified breast carcinoma (BC) has improved with the development of anti-HER2 targeted therapies. However, patients can experience disease recurrence after curative intent and disease progression in the metastatic setting. In the current era of evolving immunotherapy agents, the understanding of the immune response against HER2 tumor cells developed by anti-HER2 antibodies (Abs) is rapidly evolving. Trastuzumab therapy promotes Natural Killer (NK) cell activation in patients with BC overexpressing HER2, indicating that the efficacy of short-term trastuzumab monotherapy, albeit direct inhibition of HER, could also be related with antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Currently, dual HER2 blockade using trastuzumab and pertuzumab is the standard of care in early and advanced disease as this combination could confer an additive effect in ADCC. In patients with disease relapse or progression, ADCC may be hampered by several factors such as FcγRIIIa polymorphism and an immunosuppressive environment, among others. Hence, new drug development strategies are being investigated aiming to boost the ADCC response triggered by anti-HER2 therapy. In this review, we summarize these strategies and the rationale, through mAbs engineering and combinatorial strategies, focusing on clinical results and ongoing trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Mandó
- Fundación Cáncer, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno" (CEMIC), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Sergio G Rivero
- Instituto Alexander Fleming, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Manglio M Rizzo
- Cancer Immunobiology, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET, Universidad Austral, Derqui-Pilar, Argentina; Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Austral, Derqui-Pilar, Argentina
| | - Marina Pinkasz
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Fundación Cáncer, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Estrella M Levy
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Fundación Cáncer, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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T Cell Bispecific Antibodies: An Antibody-Based Delivery System for Inducing Antitumor Immunity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111172. [PMID: 34832954 PMCID: PMC8619951 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As a breakthrough immunotherapy, T cell bispecific antibodies (T-BsAbs) are a promising antibody therapy for various kinds of cancer. In general, T-BsAbs have dual-binding specificity to a tumor-associated antigen and a CD3 subunit forming a complex with the TCR. This enables T-BsAbs to crosslink tumor cells and T cells, inducing T cell activation and subsequent tumor cell death. Unlike immune checkpoint inhibitors, which release the brake of the immune system, T-BsAbs serve as an accelerator of T cells by stimulating their immune response via CD3 engagement. Therefore, they can actively redirect host immunity toward tumors, including T cell recruitment from the periphery to the tumor site and immunological synapse formation between tumor cells and T cells. Although the low immunogenicity of solid tumors increases the challenge of cancer immunotherapy, T-BsAbs capable of immune redirection can greatly benefit patients with such tumors. To investigate the detailed relationship between T-BsAbs delivery and their T cell redirection activity, it is necessary to determine how T-BsAbs deliver antitumor immunity to the tumor site and bring about tumor cell death. This review article discusses T-BsAb properties, specifically their pharmacokinetics, redirection of anticancer immunity, and local mechanism of action within tumor tissues, and discuss further challenges to expediting T-BsAb development.
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Chen X, Chen Y, Liang R, Xiang L, Li J, Zhu Y, He H, Huang L, Zuo D, Li W, Liang X, Dong S, Hu S, Ho M, Feng M. Combination Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by GPC3-Targeted Bispecific Antibody and Irinotecan is Potent in Suppressing Tumor Growth in Mice. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 21:149-158. [PMID: 34725191 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a world leading cause of cancer-related mortality, and currently no curative treatment for advanced HCC is available. Glypican-3 (GPC3) is an attractive target for HCC immunotherapy. This study explored the efficacy of six GPC3-targeted bispecific antibodies, alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic drug Irinotecan, for the treatment of HCC. The bispecific antibodies were constructed using three different structures, knob-into-hole (KH), scFv-scFv-hFc, and scFv-hFc-scFv, where CD3-targeting mAb OKT3 (scFv) was paired with two representative GPC3 mAbs hYP7 (scFv) and HN3 (VH only) that target different epitopes. The In vitro cell killing assay revealed that all bispecific antibodies efficiently killed GPC3 positive cancer cells, with hYP7-KH, hYP7-OKT3-hFc, and HN3-KH being most potent. In vivo xenograft mouse studies demonstrated that all bispecific antibodies suppressed tumor growth similarly, with hYP7-OKT3-hFc performing slightly better. Combination of hYP7-OKT3-hFc with Irinotecan dramatically improved the efficacy and arrested tumor growth of HepG2, Hep3B, and G1 in xenograft mice. Our results demonstrated that the cell surface proximal bispecific antibody hYP7-OKT3-hFc was superior in terms of potency and the GPC3-targeted bispecific antibody combined with Irinotecan was much potent to control HCC growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanmin Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rong Liang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lanxin Xiang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuankui Zhu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huixia He
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Le Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dianbao Zuo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weihang Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Xinjun Liang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuang Dong
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mitchell Ho
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Mingqian Feng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China. .,College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Blanco B, Domínguez-Alonso C, Alvarez-Vallina L. Bispecific Immunomodulatory Antibodies for Cancer Immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:5457-5464. [PMID: 34108185 PMCID: PMC9306338 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-3770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The recent advances in the field of immuno-oncology have dramatically changed the therapeutic strategy against advanced malignancies. Bispecific antibody-based immunotherapies have gained momentum in preclinical and clinical investigations following the regulatory approval of the T cell-redirecting antibody blinatumomab. In this review, we focus on emerging and novel mechanisms of action of bispecific antibodies interacting with immune cells with at least one of their arms to regulate the activity of the immune system by redirecting and/or reactivating effector cells toward tumor cells. These molecules, here referred to as bispecific immunomodulatory antibodies, have the potential to improve clinical efficacy and safety profile and are envisioned as a second wave of cancer immunotherapies. Currently, there are more than 50 bispecific antibodies under clinical development for a range of indications, with promising signs of therapeutic activity. We also discuss two approaches for in vivo secretion, direct gene delivery, and infusion of ex vivo gene-modified cells, which may become instrumental for the clinical application of next-generation bispecific immunomodulatory antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Blanco
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Domínguez-Alonso
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Alvarez-Vallina
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,Corresponding Author: Luis Alvarez-Vallina, Cancer Immunotherapy Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, 28041, Spain. E-mail:
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50
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Lawal G, Xiao Y, Rahnemai-Azar AA, Tsilimigras DI, Kuang M, Bakopoulos A, Pawlik TM. The Immunology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9101184. [PMID: 34696292 PMCID: PMC8538643 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignant tumor of the liver. Liver resection or transplantation offer the only potentially curative options for HCC; however, many patients are not candidates for surgical resection, either due to presentation at advanced stages or poor liver function and portal hypertension. Liver transplantation is also limited to patients with certain characteristics, such as those that meet the Milan criteria (one tumor ≤ 5 cm, or up to three tumors no larger than 3 cm, along with the absence of gross vascular invasion or extrahepatic spread). Locoregional therapies, such as ablation (radiofrequency, ethanol, cryoablation, microwave), trans-arterial therapies like chemoembolization (TACE) or radioembolization (TARE), and external beam radiation therapy, have been used mainly as palliative measures with poor prognosis. Therefore, emerging novel systemic treatments, such as immunotherapy, have increasingly become popular. HCC is immunogenic, containing infiltrating tumor-specific T-cell lymphocytes and other immune cells. Immunotherapy may provide a more effective and discriminatory targeting of tumor cells through induction of a tumor-specific immune response in cancer cells and can improve post-surgical recurrence-free survival in HCC. We herein review evidence supporting different immunomodulating cell-based technology relative to cancer therapy in vaccines and targeted therapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma among patients with advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gbemisola Lawal
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Arrowhead Regional Cancer Center, California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, CA 92324, USA; (G.L.); (A.A.R.-A.)
| | - Yao Xiao
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Y.X.); (M.K.)
| | - Amir A. Rahnemai-Azar
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Arrowhead Regional Cancer Center, California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, CA 92324, USA; (G.L.); (A.A.R.-A.)
| | - Diamantis I. Tsilimigras
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-215-987-9177
| | - Ming Kuang
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Y.X.); (M.K.)
| | - Anargyros Bakopoulos
- Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece;
| | - Timothy M. Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
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