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Ryu J, Qiang Y, Chen L, Li G, Han X, Woon E, Bai T, Qi Y, Zhang S, Liou JY, Seo KJ, Feng B, Fang H. Multifunctional Nanomesh Enables Cellular-Resolution, Elastic Neuroelectronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2403141. [PMID: 39011796 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Silicone-based devices have the potential to achieve an ideal interface with nervous tissue but suffer from scalability, primarily due to the mechanical mismatch between established electronic materials and soft elastomer substrates. This study presents a novel approach using conventional electrode materials through multifunctional nanomesh to achieve reliable elastic microelectrodes directly on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) silicone with an unprecedented cellular resolution. This engineered nanomesh features an in-plane nanoscale mesh pattern, physically embodied by a stack of three thin-film materials by design, namely Parylene-C for mechanical buffering, gold (Au) for electrical conduction, and Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) for improved electrochemical interfacing. Nanomesh elastic neuroelectronics are validated using single-unit recording from the small and curvilinear epidural surface of mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG) with device self-conformed and superior recording quality compared to plastic control devices requiring manual pressing is demonstrated. Electrode scaling studies from in vivo epidural recording further revealed the need for cellular resolution for high-fidelity recording of single-unit activities and compound action potentials. In addition to creating a minimally invasive device to effectively interface with DRG sensory afferents at a single-cell resolution, this study establishes nanomeshing as a practical pathway to leverage traditional electrode materials for a new class of elastic neuroelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyeon Ryu
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Yi Qiang
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Longtu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Gen Li
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Xun Han
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311200, China
| | - Eric Woon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Tianyu Bai
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Yongli Qi
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Shaopeng Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Jyun-You Liou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Kyung Jin Seo
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
- Science Corporation, 300 Wind River Way, Alameda, CA, 94501, USA
| | - Bin Feng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Hui Fang
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
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Kantawala B, Emir Hamitoglu A, Nohra L, Abdullahi Yusuf H, Jonathan Isaac K, Shariff S, Nazir A, Soju K, Yenkoyan K, Wojtara M, Uwishema O. Microengineered neuronal networks: enhancing brain-machine interfaces. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:3535-3542. [PMID: 38846893 PMCID: PMC11152794 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000002130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The brain-machine interface (BMI), a crucial conduit between the human brain and computers, holds transformative potential for various applications in neuroscience. This manuscript explores the role of micro-engineered neuronal networks (MNNs) in advancing BMI technologies and their therapeutic applications. As the interdisciplinary collaboration intensifies, the need for innovative and user-friendly BMI technologies becomes paramount. A comprehensive literature review sourced from reputable databases (PubMed Central, Medline, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar) aided in the foundation of the manuscript, emphasizing the pivotal role of MNNs. This study aims to synthesize and analyze the diverse facets of MNNs in the context of BMI technologies, contributing insights into neural processes, technological advancements, therapeutic potentials, and ethical considerations surrounding BMIs. MNNs, exemplified by dual-mode neural microelectrodes, offer a controlled platform for understanding complex neural processes. Through case studies, we showcase the pivotal role of MNNs in BMI innovation, addressing challenges, and paving the way for therapeutic applications. The integration of MNNs with BMI technologies marks a revolutionary stride in neuroscience, refining brain-computer interactions and offering therapeutic avenues for neurological disorders. Challenges, ethical considerations, and future trends in BMI research necessitate a balanced approach, leveraging interdisciplinary collaboration to ensure responsible and ethical advancements. Embracing the potential of MNNs is paramount for the betterment of individuals with neurological conditions and the broader community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burhan Kantawala
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Cobrain Centre, Yerevan State Medical University named after Mkhitar Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Ali Emir Hamitoglu
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Faculty of Medicine, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Lea Nohra
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Faculty of Medical Science, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hassan Abdullahi Yusuf
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- College of Health science, Faculty of Clinical Sciences Bayero University Kano, Nigeria
| | - Kirumira Jonathan Isaac
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry, Kampala International University, Uganda
| | - Sanobar Shariff
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Cobrain Centre, Yerevan State Medical University named after Mkhitar Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Abubakar Nazir
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Department of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Pakistan
| | - Kevin Soju
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Faculty of Medicine, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, India
| | - Konstantin Yenkoyan
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Cobrain Centre, Yerevan State Medical University named after Mkhitar Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Biochemistry, Yerevan State Medical University named after Mkhitar Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Magda Wojtara
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Olivier Uwishema
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
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Le Floch P, Zhao S, Liu R, Molinari N, Medina E, Shen H, Wang Z, Kim J, Sheng H, Partarrieu S, Wang W, Sessler C, Zhang G, Park H, Gong X, Spencer A, Lee J, Ye T, Tang X, Wang X, Bertoldi K, Lu N, Kozinsky B, Suo Z, Liu J. 3D spatiotemporally scalable in vivo neural probes based on fluorinated elastomers. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 19:319-329. [PMID: 38135719 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01545-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Electronic devices for recording neural activity in the nervous system need to be scalable across large spatial and temporal scales while also providing millisecond and single-cell spatiotemporal resolution. However, existing high-resolution neural recording devices cannot achieve simultaneous scalability on both spatial and temporal levels due to a trade-off between sensor density and mechanical flexibility. Here we introduce a three-dimensional (3D) stacking implantable electronic platform, based on perfluorinated dielectric elastomers and tissue-level soft multilayer electrodes, that enables spatiotemporally scalable single-cell neural electrophysiology in the nervous system. Our elastomers exhibit stable dielectric performance for over a year in physiological solutions and are 10,000 times softer than conventional plastic dielectrics. By leveraging these unique characteristics we develop the packaging of lithographed nanometre-thick electrode arrays in a 3D configuration with a cross-sectional density of 7.6 electrodes per 100 µm2. The resulting 3D integrated multilayer soft electrode array retains tissue-level flexibility, reducing chronic immune responses in mouse neural tissues, and demonstrates the ability to reliably track electrical activity in the mouse brain or spinal cord over months without disrupting animal behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Le Floch
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Axoft, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Siyuan Zhao
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ren Liu
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicola Molinari
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eder Medina
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hao Shen
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zheliang Wang
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Junsoo Kim
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hao Sheng
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sebastian Partarrieu
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wenbo Wang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chanan Sessler
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Guogao Zhang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xin Tang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiao Wang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Katia Bertoldi
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nanshu Lu
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Boris Kozinsky
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Robert Bosch LLC Research and Technology Center, Watertown, MA, USA
| | - Zhigang Suo
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jia Liu
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
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4
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Paggi V, Fallegger F, Serex L, Rizzo O, Galan K, Giannotti A, Furfaro I, Zinno C, Bernini F, Micera S, Lacour SP. A soft, scalable and adaptable multi-contact cuff electrode for targeted peripheral nerve modulation. Bioelectron Med 2024; 10:6. [PMID: 38350988 PMCID: PMC10865708 DOI: 10.1186/s42234-023-00137-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cuff electrodes target various nerves throughout the body, providing neuromodulation therapies for motor, sensory, or autonomic disorders. However, when using standard, thick silicone cuffs, fabricated in discrete circular sizes, complications may arise, namely cuff displacement or nerve compression, due to a poor adaptability to variable nerve shapes and sizes encountered in vivo. Improvements in cuff design, materials, closing mechanism and surgical approach are necessary to overcome these issues. METHODS In this work, we propose a microfabricated multi-channel silicone-based soft cuff electrode with a novel easy-to-implant and size-adaptable design and evaluate a number of essential features such as nerve-cuff contact, nerve compression, cuff locking stability, long-term integration and stimulation selectivity. We also compared performance to that of standard fixed-size cuffs. RESULTS The belt-like cuff made of 150 μm thick silicone membranes provides a stable and pressure-free conformal contact, independently of nerve size variability, combined with a straightforward implantation procedure. The adaptable design and use of soft materials lead to limited scarring and demyelination after 6-week implantation. In addition, multi-contact designs, ranging from 6 to 16 electrodes, allow for selective stimulation in models of rat and pig sciatic nerve, achieving targeted activation of up to 5 hindlimb muscles. CONCLUSION These results suggest a promising alternative to classic fixed-diameter cuffs and may facilitate the adoption of soft, adaptable cuffs in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Paggi
- Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florian Fallegger
- Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Olivier Rizzo
- Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Translational NeuroEngineering, Neuro-X Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Katia Galan
- Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alice Giannotti
- The BioRobotics Institute and Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ivan Furfaro
- Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ciro Zinno
- The BioRobotics Institute and Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Bernini
- The BioRobotics Institute and Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvestro Micera
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Translational NeuroEngineering, Neuro-X Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
- The BioRobotics Institute and Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stéphanie P Lacour
- Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland.
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5
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Boulingre M, Portillo-Lara R, Green RA. Biohybrid neural interfaces: improving the biological integration of neural implants. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:14745-14758. [PMID: 37991846 PMCID: PMC10720954 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05006h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Implantable neural interfaces (NIs) have emerged in the clinic as outstanding tools for the management of a variety of neurological conditions caused by trauma or disease. However, the foreign body reaction triggered upon implantation remains one of the major challenges hindering the safety and longevity of NIs. The integration of tools and principles from biomaterial design and tissue engineering has been investigated as a promising strategy to develop NIs with enhanced functionality and performance. In this Feature Article, we highlight the main bioengineering approaches for the development of biohybrid NIs with an emphasis on relevant device design criteria. Technical and scientific challenges associated with the fabrication and functional assessment of technologies composed of both artificial and biological components are discussed. Lastly, we provide future perspectives related to engineering, regulatory, and neuroethical challenges to be addressed towards the realisation of the promise of biohybrid neurotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolaine Boulingre
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Roberto Portillo-Lara
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Rylie A Green
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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6
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Lue PY, Oliver MH, Neeff M, Thorne PR, Suzuki-Kerr H. Sheep as a large animal model for hearing research: comparison to common laboratory animals and humans. Lab Anim Res 2023; 39:31. [PMID: 38012676 PMCID: PMC10680324 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-023-00182-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), caused by pathology in the cochlea, is the most common type of hearing loss in humans. It is generally irreversible with very few effective pharmacological treatments available to prevent the degenerative changes or minimise the impact. Part of this has been attributed to difficulty of translating "proof-of-concept" for novel treatments established in small animal models to human therapies. There is an increasing interest in the use of sheep as a large animal model. In this article, we review the small and large animal models used in pre-clinical hearing research such as mice, rats, chinchilla, guinea pig, rabbit, cat, monkey, dog, pig, and sheep to humans, and compare the physiology, inner ear anatomy, and some of their use as model systems for SNHL, including cochlear implantation surgeries. Sheep have similar cochlear anatomy, auditory threshold, neonatal auditory system development, adult and infant body size, and number of birth as humans. Based on these comparisons, we suggest that sheep are well-suited as a potential translational animal model that bridges the gap between rodent model research to the clinical use in humans. This is especially in areas looking at changes across the life-course or in specific areas of experimental investigation such as cochlear implantation and other surgical procedures, biomedical device development and age-related sensorineural hearing loss research. Combined use of small animals for research that require higher throughput and genetic modification and large animals for medical translation could greatly accelerate the overall translation of basic research in the field of auditory neuroscience from bench to clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yi Lue
- Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Eisdell Moore Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mark H Oliver
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Ngapouri Research Farm Laboratory, University of Auckland, Waiotapu, New Zealand
| | - Michel Neeff
- Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Surgery, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter R Thorne
- Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Eisdell Moore Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Section of Audiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Haruna Suzuki-Kerr
- Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Eisdell Moore Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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7
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Fallegger F, Trouillet A, Coen FV, Schiavone G, Lacour SP. A low-profile electromechanical packaging system for soft-to-flexible bioelectronic interfaces. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:036109. [PMID: 37600068 PMCID: PMC10439817 DOI: 10.1063/5.0152509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Interfacing the human body with the next generation of electronics requires technological advancement in designing and producing bioelectronic circuits. These circuits must integrate electrical functionality while simultaneously addressing limitations in mechanical compliance and dynamics, biocompatibility, and consistent, scalable manufacturing. The combination of mechanically disparate materials ranging from elastomers to inorganic crystalline semiconductors calls for modular designs with reliable and scalable electromechanical connectors. Here, we report on a novel interconnection solution for soft-to-flexible bioelectronic interfaces using a patterned and machined flexible printed circuit board, which we term FlexComb, interfaced with soft transducing systems. Using a simple assembly process, arrays of protruding "fingers" bearing individual electrical terminals are laser-machined on a standard flexible printed circuit board to create a comb-like structure, namely, the FlexComb. A matching pattern is also machined in the soft system to host and interlock electromechanically the FlexComb connections via a soft electrically conducting composite. We examine the electrical and electromechanical properties of the interconnection and demonstrate the versatility and scalability of the method through various customized submillimetric designs. In a pilot in vivo study, we validate the stability and compatibility of the FlexComb technology in a subdural electrocorticography system implanted for 6 months on the auditory cortex of a minipig. The FlexComb provides a reliable and simple technique to bond and connect soft transducing systems with flexible or rigid electronic boards, which should find many implementations in soft robotics and wearable and implantable bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Fallegger
- Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alix Trouillet
- Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florent-Valéry Coen
- Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Stéphanie P. Lacour
- Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
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8
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Abstract
Advances in bioelectronic implants have been offering valuable chances to interface and modulate neural systems. Potential mismatches between bioelectronics and targeted neural tissues require devices to exhibit "tissue-like" properties for better implant-bio integration. In particular, mechanical mismatches pose a significant challenge. In the past years, efforts were made in both materials synthesis and device design to achieve bioelectronics mechanically and biochemically mimicking biological tissues. In this perspective, we mainly summarized recent progress of developing "tissue-like" bioelectronics and categorized them into different strategies. We also discussed how these "tissue-like" bioelectronics were utilized for modulating in vivo nervous systems and neural organoids. We concluded the perspective by proposing further directions including personalized bioelectronics, novel materials design and the involvement of artificial intelligence and robotic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxu Sun
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Zhe Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jj Abu-Halimah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Bozhi Tian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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9
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Zhao C, Man T, Cao Y, Weiss PS, Monbouquette HG, Andrews AM. Flexible and Implantable Polyimide Aptamer-Field-Effect Transistor Biosensors. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3644-3653. [PMID: 36399772 PMCID: PMC9982941 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring neurochemical signaling across time scales is critical to understanding how brains encode and store information. Flexible (vs stiff) devices have been shown to improve in vivo monitoring, particularly over longer times, by reducing tissue damage and immunological responses. Here, we report our initial steps toward developing flexible and implantable neuroprobes with aptamer-field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors for neurotransmitter monitoring. A high-throughput process was developed to fabricate thin, flexible polyimide probes using microelectromechanical-system (MEMS) technologies, where 150 flexible probes were fabricated on each 4 in. Si wafer. Probes were 150 μm wide and 7 μm thick with two FETs per tip. The bending stiffness was 1.2 × 10-11 N·m2. Semiconductor thin films (3 nm In2O3) were functionalized with DNA aptamers for target recognition, which produces aptamer conformational rearrangements detected via changes in FET conductance. Flexible aptamer-FET neuroprobes detected serotonin at femtomolar concentrations in high-ionic strength artificial cerebrospinal fluid. A straightforward implantation process was developed, where microfabricated Si carrier devices assisted with implantation such that flexible neuroprobes detected physiological relevant serotonin in a tissue-hydrogel brain mimic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzhen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Tianxing Man
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yan Cao
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Paul S. Weiss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States,Departments of Bioengineering and Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Harold G. Monbouquette
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Anne M. Andrews
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, and Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States,To whom correspondence should be addressed to:
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10
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Woodington BJ, Coles L, Rochford AE, Freeman P, Sawiak S, O'Neill SJK, Scherman OA, Barone DG, Proctor CM, Malliaras GG. X-Ray Markers for Thin Film Implants. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200739. [PMID: 35871265 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Implantable electronic medical devices are used in functional mapping of the brain before surgery and to deliver neuromodulation for the treatment of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Their electrode arrays are assembled by hand, and this leads to bulky form factors with limited flexibility and low electrode counts. Thin film implants, made using microfabrication techniques, are emerging as an attractive alternative, as they offer dramatically improved conformability and enable high density recording and stimulation. A major limitation of these devices, however, is that they are invisible to fluoroscopy, the most common method used to monitor the insertion of implantable electrodes. Here, the development of mechanically flexible X-ray markers using bismuth- and barium-infused elastomers is reported. Their X-ray attenuation properties in human cadavers are explored and it is shown that they are biocompatible in cell cultures. It is further shown that they do not distort magnetic resonance imaging images and their integration with thin film implants is demonstrated. This work removes a key barrier for the adoption of thin film implants in brain mapping and in neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J Woodington
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Lawrence Coles
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Amy E Rochford
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Paul Freeman
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Stephen Sawiak
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Stephen J K O'Neill
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Oren A Scherman
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Damiano G Barone
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Christopher M Proctor
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - George G Malliaras
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
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11
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Kim HJ, Ho JS. Wireless interfaces for brain neurotechnologies. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2022; 380:20210020. [PMID: 35658679 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2021.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wireless interfaces enable brain-implanted devices to remotely interact with the external world. They are critical components in modern research and clinical neurotechnologies and play a central role in determining their overall size, lifetime and functionality. Wireless interfaces use a wide range of modalities-including radio-frequency fields, acoustic waves and light-to transfer energy and data to and from an implanted device. These forms of energy interact with living tissue through distinct mechanisms and therefore lead to systems with vastly different form factors, operating characteristics, and safety considerations. This paper reviews recent advances in the development of wireless interfaces for brain neurotechnologies. We summarize the requirements that state-of-the-art brain-implanted devices impose on the wireless interface, and discuss the working principles and applications of wireless interfaces based on each modality. We also investigate challenges associated with wireless brain neurotechnologies and discuss emerging solutions permitted by recent developments in electrical engineering and materials science. This article is part of the theme issue 'Advanced neurotechnologies: translating innovation for health and well-being'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Joon Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore
| | - John S Ho
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore
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12
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Tringides CM, Mooney DJ. Materials for Implantable Surface Electrode Arrays: Current Status and Future Directions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107207. [PMID: 34716730 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Surface electrode arrays are mainly fabricated from rigid or elastic materials, and precisely manipulated ductile metal films, which offer limited stretchability. However, the living tissues to which they are applied are nonlinear viscoelastic materials, which can undergo significant mechanical deformation in dynamic biological environments. Further, the same arrays and compositions are often repurposed for vastly different tissues rather than optimizing the materials and mechanical properties of the implant for the target application. By first characterizing the desired biological environment, and then designing a technology for a particular organ, surface electrode arrays may be more conformable, and offer better interfaces to tissues while causing less damage. Here, the various materials used in each component of a surface electrode array are first reviewed, and then electrically active implants in three specific biological systems, the nervous system, the muscular system, and skin, are described. Finally, the fabrication of next-generation surface arrays that overcome current limitations is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Tringides
- Harvard Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division in Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - David J Mooney
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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13
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Pasquini M, James ND, Dewany I, Coen FV, Cho N, Lai S, Anil S, Carpaneto J, Barraud Q, Lacour SP, Micera S, Courtine G. Preclinical upper limb neurorobotic platform to assess, rehabilitate, and develop therapies. Sci Robot 2022; 7:eabk2378. [PMID: 35353601 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.abk2378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Numerous neurorehabilitative, neuroprosthetic, and repair interventions aim to address the consequences of upper limb impairments after neurological disorders. Although these therapies target widely different mechanisms, they share the common need for a preclinical platform that supports the development, assessment, and understanding of the therapy. Here, we introduce a neurorobotic platform for rats that meets these requirements. A four-degree-of-freedom end effector is interfaced with the rat's wrist, enabling unassisted to fully assisted execution of natural reaching and retrieval movements covering the entire body workspace. Multimodal recording capabilities permit precise quantification of upper limb movement recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI), which allowed us to uncover adaptations in corticospinal tract neuron dynamics underlying this recovery. Personalized movement assistance supported early neurorehabilitation that improved recovery after SCI. Last, the platform provided a well-controlled and practical environment to develop an implantable spinal cord neuroprosthesis that improved upper limb function after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pasquini
- Biorobotics Institute and Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'anna, Pisa, Italy.,Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Translational Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas D James
- Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Switzerland.,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (.NeuroRestore), EPFL/CHUV/UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Inssia Dewany
- Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Switzerland.,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (.NeuroRestore), EPFL/CHUV/UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florent-Valéry Coen
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Center for Neuroprosthetics, Institute of Electrical and MicroEngineering and Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Newton Cho
- Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Switzerland.,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (.NeuroRestore), EPFL/CHUV/UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Lai
- Biorobotics Institute and Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Selin Anil
- Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Switzerland.,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (.NeuroRestore), EPFL/CHUV/UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jacopo Carpaneto
- Biorobotics Institute and Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Quentin Barraud
- Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Switzerland.,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (.NeuroRestore), EPFL/CHUV/UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie P Lacour
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Center for Neuroprosthetics, Institute of Electrical and MicroEngineering and Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Silvestro Micera
- Biorobotics Institute and Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'anna, Pisa, Italy.,Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Translational Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire Courtine
- Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Switzerland.,Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (.NeuroRestore), EPFL/CHUV/UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Jiang Y, Zhang Z, Wang YX, Li D, Coen CT, Hwaun E, Chen G, Wu HC, Zhong D, Niu S, Wang W, Saberi A, Lai JC, Wu Y, Wang Y, Trotsyuk AA, Loh KY, Shih CC, Xu W, Liang K, Zhang K, Bai Y, Gurusankar G, Hu W, Jia W, Cheng Z, Dauskardt RH, Gurtner GC, Tok JBH, Deisseroth K, Soltesz I, Bao Z. Topological supramolecular network enabled high-conductivity, stretchable organic bioelectronics. Science 2022; 375:1411-1417. [PMID: 35324282 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj7564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsically stretchable bioelectronic devices based on soft and conducting organic materials have been regarded as the ideal interface for seamless and biocompatible integration with the human body. A remaining challenge is to combine high mechanical robustness with good electrical conduction, especially when patterned at small feature sizes. We develop a molecular engineering strategy based on a topological supramolecular network, which allows for the decoupling of competing effects from multiple molecular building blocks to meet complex requirements. We obtained simultaneously high conductivity and crack-onset strain in a physiological environment, with direct photopatternability down to the cellular scale. We further collected stable electromyography signals on soft and malleable octopus and performed localized neuromodulation down to single-nucleus precision for controlling organ-specific activities through the delicate brainstem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanwen Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zhitao Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yi-Xuan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Deling Li
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | | | - Ernie Hwaun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hung-Chin Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Donglai Zhong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Simiao Niu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Weichen Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aref Saberi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jian-Cheng Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yilei Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Artem A Trotsyuk
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kang Yong Loh
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford Chemistry, Engineering & Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chien-Chung Shih
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wenhui Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kui Liang
- BOE Technology Center, BOE Technology Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Kailiang Zhang
- BOE Technology Center, BOE Technology Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Yihong Bai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | | | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wang Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Reinhold H Dauskardt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey B-H Tok
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ivan Soltesz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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15
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Saha R, Wu K, Bloom RP, Liang S, Tonini D, Wang JP. A review on magnetic and spintronic neurostimulation: challenges and prospects. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:182004. [PMID: 35013010 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac49be] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the treatment of neurodegenerative, sensory and cardiovascular diseases, electrical probes and arrays have shown quite a promising success rate. However, despite the outstanding clinical outcomes, their operation is significantly hindered by non-selective control of electric fields. A promising alternative is micromagnetic stimulation (μMS) due to the high permeability of magnetic field through biological tissues. The induced electric field from the time-varying magnetic field generated by magnetic neurostimulators is used to remotely stimulate neighboring neurons. Due to the spatial asymmetry of the induced electric field, high spatial selectivity of neurostimulation has been realized. Herein, some popular choices of magnetic neurostimulators such as microcoils (μcoils) and spintronic nanodevices are reviewed. The neurostimulator features such as power consumption and resolution (aiming at cellular level) are discussed. In addition, the chronic stability and biocompatibility of these implantable neurostimulator are commented in favor of further translation to clinical settings. Furthermore, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), as another invaluable neurostimulation material, has emerged in recent years. Thus, in this review we have also included MNPs as a remote neurostimulation solution that overcomes physical limitations of invasive implants. Overall, this review provides peers with the recent development of ultra-low power, cellular-level, spatially selective magnetic neurostimulators of dimensions within micro- to nano-range for treating chronic neurological disorders. At the end of this review, some potential applications of next generation neuro-devices have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Saha
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Kai Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Robert P Bloom
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Denis Tonini
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Jian-Ping Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
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16
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Zhao Y, Yu M, Sun J, Zhang S, Li Q, Teng L, Tian Q, Xie R, Li G, Liu L, Liu Z. Electrical Failure Mechanism in Stretchable Thin-Film Conductors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:3121-3129. [PMID: 34981914 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable thin-film conductors are basic building blocks in advanced flexible and stretchable electronics. Current research mainly focuses on strategies to improve stretchability and widen the range of applications of stretchable conductors. However, stability should not be neglected, and the electrical failure mode is one of the most common stability issues that determines the current range and duration in a circuit. In this work, we report the electrical failure mechanism of stretchable conductors. We find a special failure mode for the stretchable conductors, which can be attributed to the coupling effect between local thermal strains and dynamic resistance changes of the thin film. This creates a vicious circle that significantly differs from traditional conductors. Physical parameters related to this special failure mode are investigated in detail. It is found that this mechanism is applicable to different kinds of stretchable conductors. Based on this finding, we also explore methods to modulate the failure of stretchable conductors. The failure mechanism found here provides a fundamental understanding of the current effect of stretchable circuits and is crucial for designing stable stretchable bioelectrodes and circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Center of Neural Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Mei Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Center of Neural Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jing Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Center of Neural Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shenglong Zhang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
- Optics and Thermal Radiation Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qingsong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Center of Neural Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lijun Teng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Center of Neural Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qiong Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Center of Neural Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ruijie Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Center of Neural Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guanglin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Center of Neural Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Linhua Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
- Optics and Thermal Radiation Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Center of Neural Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
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17
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Yang X, McGlynn E, Das R, Paşca SP, Cui B, Heidari H. Nanotechnology Enables Novel Modalities for Neuromodulation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2103208. [PMID: 34668249 PMCID: PMC8712412 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Neuromodulation is of great importance both as a fundamental neuroscience research tool for analyzing and understanding the brain function, and as a therapeutic avenue for treating brain disorders. Here, an overview of conceptual and technical progress in developing neuromodulation strategies is provided, and it is suggested that recent advances in nanotechnology are enabling novel neuromodulation modalities with less invasiveness, improved biointerfaces, deeper penetration, and higher spatiotemporal precision. The use of nanotechnology and the employment of versatile nanomaterials and nanoscale devices with tailored physical properties have led to considerable research progress. To conclude, an outlook discussing current challenges and future directions for next-generation neuromodulation modalities is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Brain Organogenesis, Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Eve McGlynn
- Microelectronics Lab (meLAB), James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Rupam Das
- Microelectronics Lab (meLAB), James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Sergiu P Paşca
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Brain Organogenesis, Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Bianxiao Cui
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Hadi Heidari
- Microelectronics Lab (meLAB), James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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18
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Zhao C, Cheung KM, Huang IW, Yang H, Nakatsuka N, Liu W, Cao Y, Man T, Weiss PS, Monbouquette HG, Andrews AM. Implantable aptamer-field-effect transistor neuroprobes for in vivo neurotransmitter monitoring. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj7422. [PMID: 34818033 PMCID: PMC8612678 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj7422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
While tools for monitoring in vivo electrophysiology have been extensively developed, neurochemical recording technologies remain limited. Nevertheless, chemical communication via neurotransmitters plays central roles in brain information processing. We developed implantable aptamer–field-effect transistor (FET) neuroprobes for monitoring neurotransmitters. Neuroprobes were fabricated using high-throughput microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technologies, where 150 probes with shanks of either 150- or 50-μm widths and thicknesses were fabricated on 4-inch Si wafers. Nanoscale FETs with ultrathin (~3 to 4 nm) In2O3 semiconductor films were prepared using sol-gel processing. The In2O3 surfaces were coupled with synthetic oligonucleotide receptors (aptamers) to recognize and to detect the neurotransmitter serotonin. Aptamer-FET neuroprobes enabled femtomolar serotonin detection limits in brain tissue with minimal biofouling. Stimulated serotonin release was detected in vivo. This study opens opportunities for integrated neural activity recordings at high spatiotemporal resolution by combining these aptamer-FET sensors with other types of Si-based implantable probes to advance our understanding of brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzhen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kevin M. Cheung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - I-Wen Huang
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hongyan Yang
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nako Nakatsuka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Wenfei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yan Cao
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tianxing Man
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Paul S. Weiss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Harold G. Monbouquette
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Anne M. Andrews
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Corresponding author.
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19
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Wunderlich H, Kozielski KL. Next generation material interfaces for neural engineering. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 72:29-38. [PMID: 34601203 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neural implant technology is rapidly progressing, and gaining broad interest in research fields such as electrical engineering, materials science, neurobiology, and data science. As the potential applications of neural devices have increased, new technologies to make neural intervention longer-lasting and less invasive have brought attention to neural interface engineering. This review will focus on recent developments in materials for neural implants, highlighting new technologies in the fields of soft electrodes, mechanical and chemical engineering of interface coatings, and remotely powered devices. In this context, novel implantation strategies, manufacturing methods, and combinatorial device functions will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Wunderlich
- Department of Bioengineering and Biosystems, Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kristen L Kozielski
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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20
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Fanelli A, Ghezzi D. Transient electronics: new opportunities for implantable neurotechnology. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 72:22-28. [PMID: 34464936 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Neurotechnology includes artificial devices integrated with the neural tissue to mitigate the burden of neurological and mental disorders. This field has significantly expanded its range of applications thanks to the development of flexible, stretchable and injectable electronics. Now, the emergence of green electronics adds a new asset to the neurotechnology toolbox. Transient neurotechnology reduces the side effects of chronic implants and transforms inert devices into bio-active and bio-responsive structures. Ultimately, it holds the potential of bridging together technological devices with modern approaches in regenerative medicine. This review focuses on the rising potential of transient neurotechnology for human benefit, comprehensively summarises recent achievements and highlights feature needs and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Fanelli
- Medtronic Chair in Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Chemin des Mines 9, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Diego Ghezzi
- Medtronic Chair in Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Chemin des Mines 9, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland.
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21
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Mei X, Ye D, Zhang F, Di C. Implantable application of polymer‐based biosensors. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyuan Mei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Dekai Ye
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Chong‐an Di
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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22
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Abstract
Soft wearable electronics are rapidly developing through exploration of new materials, fabrication approaches, and design concepts. Although there have been many efforts for decades, a resurgence of interest in liquid metals (LMs) for sensing and wiring functional properties of materials in soft wearable electronics has brought great advances in wearable electronics and materials. Various forms of LMs enable many routes to fabricate flexible and stretchable sensors, circuits, and functional wearables with many desirable properties. This review article presents a systematic overview of recent progresses in LM-enabled wearable electronics that have been achieved through material innovations and the discovery of new fabrication approaches and design architectures. We also present applications of wearable LM technologies for physiological sensing, activity tracking, and energy harvesting. Finally, we discuss a perspective on future opportunities and challenges for wearable LM electronics as this field continues to grow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Won
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seongmin Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Carmel Majidi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Seung Hwan Ko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Institute of Advanced Machines and Design / Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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23
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Sunwoo SH, Ha KH, Lee S, Lu N, Kim DH. Wearable and Implantable Soft Bioelectronics: Device Designs and Material Strategies. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2021; 12:359-391. [PMID: 34097846 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101420-024336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
High-performance wearable and implantable devices capable of recording physiological signals and delivering appropriate therapeutics in real time are playing a pivotal role in revolutionizing personalized healthcare. However, the mechanical and biochemical mismatches between rigid, inorganic devices and soft, organic human tissues cause significant trouble, including skin irritation, tissue damage, compromised signal-to-noise ratios, and limited service time. As a result, profuse research efforts have been devoted to overcoming these issues by using flexible and stretchable device designs and soft materials. Here, we summarize recent representative research and technological advances for soft bioelectronics, including conformable and stretchable device designs, various types of soft electronic materials, and surface coating and treatment methods. We also highlight applications of these strategies to emerging soft wearable and implantable devices. We conclude with some current limitations and offer future prospects of this booming field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hyuk Sunwoo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; .,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ho Ha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712, USA;
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
| | - Nanshu Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712, USA; .,Center for Mechanics of Solids, Structures and Materials, Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Texas Material Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; .,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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24
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Woodington BJ, Curto VF, Yu YL, Martínez-Domínguez H, Coles L, Malliaras GG, Proctor CM, Barone DG. Electronics with shape actuation for minimally invasive spinal cord stimulation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/26/eabg7833. [PMID: 34172452 PMCID: PMC8232905 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg7833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord stimulation is one of the oldest and most established neuromodulation therapies. However, today, clinicians need to choose between bulky paddle-type devices, requiring invasive surgery under general anesthetic, and percutaneous lead-type devices, which can be implanted via simple needle puncture under local anesthetic but offer clinical drawbacks when compared with paddle devices. By applying photo- and soft lithography fabrication, we have developed a device that features thin, flexible electronics and integrated fluidic channels. This device can be rolled up into the shape of a standard percutaneous needle then implanted on the site of interest before being expanded in situ, unfurling into its paddle-type conformation. The device and implantation procedure have been validated in vitro and on human cadaver models. This device paves the way for shape-changing bioelectronic devices that offer a large footprint for sensing or stimulation but are implanted in patients percutaneously in a minimally invasive fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J Woodington
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vincenzo F Curto
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yi-Lin Yu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Lawrence Coles
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, UK
| | - George G Malliaras
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Christopher M Proctor
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Damiano G Barone
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
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25
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Schiavone G, Vachicouras N, Vyza Y, Lacour SP. Dimensional scaling of thin-film stimulation electrode systems in translational research. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 33831857 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abf607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective.Electrical stimulation of biological tissue is an established technique in research and clinical practice that uses implanted electrodes to deliver electrical pulses for a variety of therapies. Significant research currently explores new electrode system technologies and stimulation protocols in preclinical models, aiming at both improving the electrode performance and confirming therapeutic efficacy. Assessing the scalability of newly proposed electrode technology and their use for tissue stimulation remains, however, an open question.Approach.We propose a simplified electrical model that formalizes the dimensional scaling of stimulation electrode systems. We use established equations describing the electrode impedance, and apply them to the case of stimulation electrodes driven by a voltage-capped pulse generator.Main results.We find a hard, intrinsic upward scalability limit to the electrode radius that largely depends on the conductor technology. We finally provide a simple analytical formula predicting the maximum size of a stimulation electrode as a function of the stimulation parameters and conductor resistance.Significance.Our results highlight the importance of careful geometrical and electrical designs of electrode systems based on novel thin-film technologies and that become particularly relevant for their translational implementation with electrode geometries approaching clinical human size electrodes and interfacing with voltage-capped neurostimulation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Schiavone
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Institute of Microengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Vachicouras
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Institute of Microengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yashwanth Vyza
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Institute of Microengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie P Lacour
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Institute of Microengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
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26
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Seo H, Han SI, Song KI, Seong D, Lee K, Kim SH, Park T, Koo JH, Shin M, Baac HW, Park OK, Oh SJ, Han HS, Jeon H, Kim YC, Kim DH, Hyeon T, Son D. Durable and Fatigue-Resistant Soft Peripheral Neuroprosthetics for In Vivo Bidirectional Signaling. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007346. [PMID: 33739558 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soft neuroprosthetics that monitor signals from sensory neurons and deliver motor information can potentially replace damaged nerves. However, achieving long-term stability of devices interfacing peripheral nerves is challenging, since dynamic mechanical deformations in peripheral nerves cause material degradation in devices. Here, a durable and fatigue-resistant soft neuroprosthetic device is reported for bidirectional signaling on peripheral nerves. The neuroprosthetic device is made of a nanocomposite of gold nanoshell (AuNS)-coated silver (Ag) flakes dispersed in a tough, stretchable, and self-healing polymer (SHP). The dynamic self-healing property of the nanocomposite allows the percolation network of AuNS-coated flakes to rebuild after degradation. Therefore, its degraded electrical and mechanical performance by repetitive, irregular, and intense deformations at the device-nerve interface can be spontaneously self-recovered. When the device is implanted on a rat sciatic nerve, stable bidirectional signaling is obtained for over 5 weeks. Neural signals collected from a live walking rat using these neuroprosthetics are analyzed by a deep neural network to predict the joint position precisely. This result demonstrates that durable soft neuroprosthetics can facilitate collection and analysis of large-sized in vivo data for solving challenges in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunseon Seo
- School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ihn Han
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Il Song
- Medical Device Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Duhwan Seong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungwoo Lee
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hong Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesung Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Hoon Koo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mikyung Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Won Baac
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Kyu Park
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soong Ju Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Seop Han
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojeong Jeon
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Chan Kim
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghee Son
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Superintelligence Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
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27
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Fallegger F, Schiavone G, Pirondini E, Wagner FB, Vachicouras N, Serex L, Zegarek G, May A, Constanthin P, Palma M, Khoshnevis M, Van Roost D, Yvert B, Courtine G, Schaller K, Bloch J, Lacour SP. MRI-Compatible and Conformal Electrocorticography Grids for Translational Research. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003761. [PMID: 33977054 PMCID: PMC8097365 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Intraoperative electrocorticography (ECoG) captures neural information from the surface of the cerebral cortex during surgeries such as resections for intractable epilepsy and tumors. Current clinical ECoG grids come in evenly spaced, millimeter-sized electrodes embedded in silicone rubber. Their mechanical rigidity and fixed electrode spatial resolution are common shortcomings reported by the surgical teams. Here, advances in soft neurotechnology are leveraged to manufacture conformable subdural, thin-film ECoG grids, and evaluate their suitability for translational research. Soft grids with 0.2 to 10 mm electrode pitch and diameter are embedded in 150 µm silicone membranes. The soft grids are compatible with surgical handling and can be folded to safely interface hidden cerebral surface such as the Sylvian fold in human cadaveric models. It is found that the thin-film conductor grids do not generate diagnostic-impeding imaging artefacts (<1 mm) nor adverse local heating within a standard 3T clinical magnetic resonance imaging scanner. Next, the ability of the soft grids to record subdural neural activity in minipigs acutely and two weeks postimplantation is validated. Taken together, these results suggest a promising future alternative to current stiff electrodes and may enable the future adoption of soft ECoG grids in translational research and ultimately in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Fallegger
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic TechnologyLaboratory for Soft Bioelectronic InterfacesInstitute of MicroengineeringInstitute of BioengineeringCenter for NeuroprostheticsEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Geneva1202Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Schiavone
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic TechnologyLaboratory for Soft Bioelectronic InterfacesInstitute of MicroengineeringInstitute of BioengineeringCenter for NeuroprostheticsEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Geneva1202Switzerland
| | - Elvira Pirondini
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL)Lausanne1010Switzerland
- Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore)Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV)University of Lausanne (UNIL)Lausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Fabien B. Wagner
- Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore)Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV)University of Lausanne (UNIL)Lausanne1015Switzerland
- UPCourtineCenter for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind InstituteSchool of Life SciencesEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Geneva1202Switzerland
- Present address:
Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives – CNRS UMR 5293Université de BordeauxCentre Broca Nouvelle‐Aquitaine146 rue Léo Saignat – CS 61292 – Case 28, Bordeaux cedexBordeaux33076France
| | - Nicolas Vachicouras
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic TechnologyLaboratory for Soft Bioelectronic InterfacesInstitute of MicroengineeringInstitute of BioengineeringCenter for NeuroprostheticsEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Geneva1202Switzerland
| | - Ludovic Serex
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic TechnologyLaboratory for Soft Bioelectronic InterfacesInstitute of MicroengineeringInstitute of BioengineeringCenter for NeuroprostheticsEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Geneva1202Switzerland
| | - Gregory Zegarek
- Department of NeurosurgeryHôpital Universitaire de Genève (HUG)Geneva1205Switzerland
| | - Adrien May
- Department of NeurosurgeryHôpital Universitaire de Genève (HUG)Geneva1205Switzerland
| | - Paul Constanthin
- Department of NeurosurgeryHôpital Universitaire de Genève (HUG)Geneva1205Switzerland
| | - Marie Palma
- BrainTech LaboratoryInsermUniv Grenoble AlpesGrenoble38400France
| | | | - Dirk Van Roost
- Department of NeurosurgeryHôpital Universitaire de Genève (HUG)Geneva1205Switzerland
- Department of NeurosurgeryGhent UniversityGhent9000Belgium
| | - Blaise Yvert
- BrainTech LaboratoryInsermUniv Grenoble AlpesGrenoble38400France
| | - Grégoire Courtine
- Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore)Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV)University of Lausanne (UNIL)Lausanne1015Switzerland
- UPCourtineCenter for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind InstituteSchool of Life SciencesEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Geneva1202Switzerland
| | - Karl Schaller
- Department of NeurosurgeryHôpital Universitaire de Genève (HUG)Geneva1205Switzerland
| | - Jocelyne Bloch
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL)Lausanne1010Switzerland
- Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore)Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV)University of Lausanne (UNIL)Lausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie P. Lacour
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic TechnologyLaboratory for Soft Bioelectronic InterfacesInstitute of MicroengineeringInstitute of BioengineeringCenter for NeuroprostheticsEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Geneva1202Switzerland
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28
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Shetty KR, Ridge SE, Kanumuri V, Zhu A, Brown MC, Lee DJ. Clinical and scientific innovations in auditory brainstem implants. World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 7:109-115. [PMID: 33997720 PMCID: PMC8103538 DOI: 10.1016/j.wjorl.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The auditory brainstem implant (ABI) was originally developed to provide rehabilitation of retrocochlear deafness caused by neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). Recent studies of the ABI have investigated outcomes in non-NF2 cohorts, such as patients with cochlear nerve aplasia or cochlear ossification and more recently, intractable tinnitus. New technologies that improve the ABI-neural tissue interface are being explored as means to improve performance and decrease side effects. Innovative discoveries in optogenetics and bioengineering present opportunities to continually evolve this technology into the future, enhancing spatial selectivity of neuronal activation in the cochlear nucleus and preventing side effects through reduction in activation of non-target neuronal circuitry. These advances will improve surgical planning and ultimately improve patients’ audiological capabilities. ABI research has rapidly increased in the 21st century and applications of this technology are likely to continually evolve. Herein, we aim to characterize ongoing clinical, basic science, and bioengineering advances in ABIs and discuss future directions of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal R Shetty
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah E Ridge
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vivek Kanumuri
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Angela Zhu
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Christian Brown
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J Lee
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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29
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Huang TW, Kamins T, Chen ZC, Wang BY, Bhuckory M, Galambos L, Ho E, Ling T, Afshar S, Shin A, Zuckerman V, Harris JS, Mathieson K, Palanker D. Vertical-junction photodiodes for smaller pixels in retinal prostheses. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 33592588 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abe6b8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Objective.To restore central vision in patients with atrophic age-related macular degeneration, we replace the lost photoreceptors with photovoltaic pixels, which convert light into current and stimulate the secondary retinal neurons. Clinical trials demonstrated prosthetic acuity closely matching the sampling limit of the 100 μm pixels, and hence smaller pixels are required for improving visual acuity. However, with smaller flat bipolar pixels, the electric field penetration depth and the photodiode responsivity significantly decrease, making the device inefficient. Smaller pixels may be enabled by (1) increasing the diode responsivity using vertical p-n junctions and (2) directing the electric field in tissue vertically. Here, we demonstrate such novel photodiodes and test the retinal stimulation in a vertical electric field.Approach.Arrays of silicon photodiodes of 55, 40, 30, and 20 μm in width, with vertical p-n junctions, were fabricated. The electric field in the retina was directed vertically using a common return electrode at the edge of the devices. Optical and electronic performance of the diodes was characterized in-vitro, and retinal stimulation threshold measured by recording the visually evoked potentials (VEPs) in rats with retinal degeneration.Main results.The photodiodes exhibited sufficiently low dark current (<10 pA) and responsivity at 880 nm wavelength as high as 0.51 A/W, with 85% internal quantum efficiency, independent of pixel size. Field mapping in saline demonstrated uniformity of the pixel performance in the array. The full-field stimulation threshold was as low as 0.057±0.029 mW/mm2with 10 ms pulses, independent of pixel size.Significance.Photodiodes with vertical p-n junctions demonstrated excellent charge collection efficiency independent of pixel size, down to 20 μm. Vertically-oriented electric field provides a stimulation threshold that is independent of pixel size. These results are the first steps in validation of scaling down the photovoltaic pixels for subretinal stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany W Huang
- Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, California, 94305, UNITED STATES
| | - Theodore Kamins
- Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, California, 94305, UNITED STATES
| | - Zhijie Charles Chen
- Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Rm 136, Stanford, California, 94305-6104, UNITED STATES
| | - Bing-Yi Wang
- Physics, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, 94305, UNITED STATES
| | - Mohajeet Bhuckory
- Ophthalmology, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, California, 94305, UNITED STATES
| | - Ludwig Galambos
- Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, California, 94305, UNITED STATES
| | - Elton Ho
- Physics, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California, 94305, UNITED STATES
| | - Tong Ling
- Ophthalmology, Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, California, 94305, UNITED STATES
| | - Sean Afshar
- Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, California, 94305-6104, UNITED STATES
| | - Andrew Shin
- Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 420 Via Palou Mall, Stanford, California, 94305, UNITED STATES
| | - Valentina Zuckerman
- Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, California, 94305, UNITED STATES
| | - James S Harris
- Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, California, 94305, UNITED STATES
| | - Keith Mathieson
- Institute of Photonics, University of Strathclyde, 16 Richmond St, Glasgow, G1 1XQ, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Daniel Palanker
- Ophthalmology, Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California, 94305, UNITED STATES
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30
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Zhang J, Firestone E, Elattma A. Animal Models of Tinnitus Treatment: Cochlear and Brain Stimulation. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2021; 51:83-129. [PMID: 34282563 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2021_227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neuromodulation, via stimulation of a variety of peripheral and central structures, is used to suppress tinnitus. However, investigative limitations in humans due to ethical reasons have made it difficult to decipher the mechanisms underlying treatment-induced tinnitus relief, so a number of animal models have arisen to address these unknowns. This chapter reviews animal models of cochlear and brain stimulation and assesses their modulatory effects on behavioral evidence of tinnitus and its related neural correlates. When a structure is stimulated, localized modulation, often presenting as downregulation of spontaneous neuronal spike firing rate, bursting and neurosynchrony, occurs within the brain area. Through anatomical projections and transmitter pathways, the interventions activate both auditory- and non-auditory structures by taking bottom-up ascending and top-down descending modes to influence their target brain structures. Furthermore, it is the brain oscillations that cochlear or brain stimulation evoke and connect the prefrontal cortex, striatal systems, and other limbic structures to refresh neural networks and relieve auditory, attentive, conscious, as well as emotional reactive aspects of tinnitus. This oscillatory neural network connectivity is achieved via the thalamocorticothalamic circuitry including the lemniscal and non-lemniscal auditory brain structures. Beyond existing technologies, the review also reveals opportunities for developing advanced animal models using new modalities to achieve precision neuromodulation and tinnitus abatement, such as optogenetic cochlear and/or brain stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA. .,Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Wayne State University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Ethan Firestone
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ahmed Elattma
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Schiavone G, Kang X, Fallegger F, Gandar J, Courtine G, Lacour SP. Guidelines to Study and Develop Soft Electrode Systems for Neural Stimulation. Neuron 2020; 108:238-258. [PMID: 33120021 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Electrical stimulation of nervous structures is a widely used experimental and clinical method to probe neural circuits, perform diagnostics, or treat neurological disorders. The recent introduction of soft materials to design electrodes that conform to and mimic neural tissue led to neural interfaces with improved functionality and biointegration. The shift from stiff to soft electrode materials requires adaptation of the models and characterization methods to understand and predict electrode performance. This guideline aims at providing (1) an overview of the most common techniques to test soft electrodes in vitro and in vivo; (2) a step-by-step design of a complete study protocol, from the lab bench to in vivo experiments; (3) a case study illustrating the characterization of soft spinal electrodes in rodents; and (4) examples of how interpreting characterization data can inform experimental decisions. Comprehensive characterization is paramount to advancing soft neurotechnology that meets the requisites for long-term functionality in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Schiavone
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Institute of Microengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Xiaoyang Kang
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Institute of Microengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florian Fallegger
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Institute of Microengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Gandar
- Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire Courtine
- Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie P Lacour
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Institute of Microengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland.
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Shahriari D, Rosenfeld D, Anikeeva P. Emerging Frontier of Peripheral Nerve and Organ Interfaces. Neuron 2020; 108:270-285. [PMID: 33120023 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of new tools to interface with the nervous system, empowered by advances in electronics and materials science, has transformed neuroscience and is informing therapies for neurological and mental conditions. Although the vast majority of neural engineering research has focused on advancing tools to study the brain, understanding the peripheral nervous system and other organs can similarly benefit from these technologies. To realize this vision, the neural interface technologies need to address the biophysical, mechanical, and chemical challenges posed by the peripheral nerves and organs. In this Perspective, we discuss design considerations and recent technological advances to modulate electrical signaling outside the central nervous system. The innovations in bioelectronics borne out of interdisciplinary collaborations between biologists and physical scientists may not only advance fundamental study of peripheral (neuro)physiology but also empower clinical interventions for conditions including neurological, gastrointestinal, and immune dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dena Shahriari
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dekel Rosenfeld
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Polina Anikeeva
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Rapid prototyping of soft bioelectronic implants for use as neuromuscular interfaces. Nat Biomed Eng 2020; 4:1010-1022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41551-020-00615-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta J.I. Airaghi Leccardi
- Medtronic Chair in Neuroengineering Center for Neuroprosthetics and Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne 1202 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Diego Ghezzi
- Medtronic Chair in Neuroengineering Center for Neuroprosthetics and Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne 1202 Geneva Switzerland
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Abstract
Bioelectric devices can probe fundamental biological dynamics and improve the lives of human beings. However, direct application of traditional rigid electronics onto soft tissues can cause signal transduction and biocompatibility issues. One common mitigation strategy is the use of soft-hard composites to form more biocompatible interfaces with target cells or tissues. Here, we identify several soft-hard composite designs in naturally occurring systems. We use these designs to categorize the existing bioelectric interfaces and to suggest future opportunities. We discuss the utility of soft-hard composites for a variety of interfaces, such as in vitro and in vivo electronic or optoelectronic sensing and genetic and non-genetic modulation. We end the review by proposing new soft-hard composites for future bioelectric studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiliang Lin
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago,
IL 60637, USA
| | - Yin Fang
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago,
IL 60637, USA
| | - Jiping Yue
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
60637, USA
| | - Bozhi Tian
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago,
IL 60637, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
60637, USA
- The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of
Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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