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O'Neill S. Update on technologies, medicines and treatments. Diabet Med 2024; 41:e15290. [PMID: 38291543 DOI: 10.1111/dme.15290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
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Costanzo A, Clarke D, Holt M, Sharma S, Nagy K, Tan X, Kain L, Abe B, Luce S, Boitard C, Wyseure T, Mosnier LO, Su AI, Grimes C, Finn MG, Savage PB, Gottschalk M, Pettus J, Teyton L. Repositioning the Early Pathology of Type 1 Diabetes to the Extraislet Vasculature. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1094-1104. [PMID: 38426888 PMCID: PMC10944819 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a prototypic T cell-mediated autoimmune disease. Because the islets of Langerhans are insulated from blood vessels by a double basement membrane and lack detectable lymphatic drainage, interactions between endocrine and circulating T cells are not permitted. Thus, we hypothesized that initiation and progression of anti-islet immunity required islet neolymphangiogenesis to allow T cell access to the islet. Combining microscopy and single cell approaches, the timing of this phenomenon in mice was situated between 5 and 8 wk of age when activated anti-insulin CD4 T cells became detectable in peripheral blood while peri-islet pathology developed. This "peri-insulitis," dominated by CD4 T cells, respected the islet basement membrane and was limited on the outside by lymphatic endothelial cells that gave it the attributes of a tertiary lymphoid structure. As in most tissues, lymphangiogenesis seemed to be secondary to local segmental endothelial inflammation at the collecting postcapillary venule. In addition to classic markers of inflammation such as CD29, V-CAM, and NOS, MHC class II molecules were expressed by nonhematopoietic cells in the same location both in mouse and human islets. This CD45- MHC class II+ cell population was capable of spontaneously presenting islet Ags to CD4 T cells. Altogether, these observations favor an alternative model for the initiation of T1D, outside of the islet, in which a vascular-associated cell appears to be an important MHC class II-expressing and -presenting cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Costanzo
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Don Clarke
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Marie Holt
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Siddhartha Sharma
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Kenna Nagy
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Xuqian Tan
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Lisa Kain
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Brian Abe
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | | | | | - Tine Wyseure
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Laurent O. Mosnier
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Andrew I. Su
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Catherine Grimes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE
| | - M. G. Finn
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Paul B. Savage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT
| | - Michael Gottschalk
- Rady Children’s Hospital, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Jeremy Pettus
- UC San Diego School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Luc Teyton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
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Ishina IA, Kurbatskaia IN, Mamedov AE, Shramova EI, Deyev SM, Nurbaeva KS, Rubtsov YP, Belogurov AA, Gabibov AG, Zakharova MY. Genetically engineered CD80-pMHC-harboring extracellular vesicles for antigen-specific CD4 + T-cell engagement. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1341685. [PMID: 38304104 PMCID: PMC10833362 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1341685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The identification of low-frequency antigen-specific CD4+ T cells is crucial for effective immunomonitoring across various diseases. However, this task still encounters experimental challenges necessitating the implementation of enrichment procedures. While existing antigen-specific expansion technologies predominantly concentrate on the enrichment of CD8+ T cells, advancements in methods targeting CD4+ T cells have been limited. In this study, we report a technique that harnesses antigen-presenting extracellular vesicles (EVs) for stimulation and expansion of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells. EVs are derived from a genetically modified HeLa cell line designed to emulate professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) by expressing key costimulatory molecules CD80 and specific peptide-MHC-II complexes (pMHCs). Our results demonstrate the beneficial potent stimulatory capacity of EVs in activating both immortalized and isolated human CD4+ T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Our technique successfully expands low-frequency influenza-specific CD4+ T cells from healthy individuals. In summary, the elaborated methodology represents a streamlined and efficient approach for the detection and expansion of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells, presenting a valuable alternative to existing antigen-specific T-cell expansion protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A. Ishina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Inna N. Kurbatskaia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Azad E. Mamedov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena I. Shramova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey M. Deyev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Biomarker Research Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Yury P. Rubtsov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (NN Blokhin NMRCO), Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Belogurov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander G. Gabibov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Life Sciences, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Y. Zakharova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Klug N, Burke J, Scott E. Rational Engineering of Islet Tolerance via Biomaterial-Mediated Immune Modulation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:216-224. [PMID: 38166244 PMCID: PMC10766078 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) onset is characterized by an autoimmune attack on β islet cells within the pancreas, preventing the insulin secretion required to maintain glucose homeostasis. Targeted modulation of key immunoregulatory cell populations is a promising strategy to restore tolerance to β cells. This strategy can be used to prevent T1D onset or reverse T1D with transplanted islets. To this end, drug delivery systems can be employed to transport immunomodulatory cargo to specific cell populations that inhibit autoreactive T cell-mediated destruction of the β cell mass. The rational engineering of biomaterials into nanoscale and microscale drug carriers can facilitate targeted interactions with immune cells. The physicochemical properties of the biomaterial, the delivered immunomodulatory agent, and the target cell populations are critical variables in the design of these delivery systems. In this review, we discuss recent biomaterials-based drug delivery approaches to induce islet tolerance and the need to consider both immune and metabolic markers of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Klug
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Robert R. McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - Jacqueline Burke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Robert R. McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - Evan Scott
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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Bruggeman Y, Martens PJ, Sassi G, Viaene M, Wasserfall CH, Mathieu C, Gysemans C. Footprint of pancreas infiltrating and circulating immune cells throughout type 1 diabetes development. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1275316. [PMID: 38027120 PMCID: PMC10667927 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1275316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is defined by immune cell infiltration of the pancreas, in particular the islets of Langerhans, referred to as insulitis, which is especially prominent during the early disease stages in association with decreased beta cell mass. An in-depth understanding of the dynamics and phenotype of the immune cells infiltrating the pancreas and the accompanying changes in their profiles in peripheral blood during T1D development is critical to generate novel preventive and therapeutic approaches, as well as to find biomarkers for the disease process. Methods Using multi-parameter flow cytometry, we explored the dynamic changes of immune cells infiltrating the pancreas and the pancreatic draining lymph nodes (PLN), compared to those in peripheral blood in female and male non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice during T1D progression. Results The early stages of T1D development were characterized by an influx of innate dendritic cells and neutrophils in the pancreas. While dendritic cells seemed to move in and out (to the PLN), neutrophils accumulated during the pre-symptomatic phase and reached a maximum at 8 weeks of age, after which their numbers declined. During disease progression, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells appeared to continuously migrate from the PLN to the pancreas, which coincided with an increase in beta cell autoimmunity and insulitis severity, and a decline in insulin content. At 12 weeks of age, CD4+ and especially CD8+ T cells in the pancreas showed a dramatic shift from naïve to effector memory phenotype, in contrast to the PLN, where most of these cells remained naïve. A large proportion of pancreas infiltrating CD4+ T cells were naïve, indicating that antigenic stimulation was not necessary to traffic and invade the pancreas. Interestingly, a pre-effector-like T cell dominated the peripheral blood. These cells were intermediates between naïve and effector memory cells as identified by single cell RNA sequencing and might be a potential novel therapeutic target. Conclusion These time- and tissue-dependent changes in the dynamics and functional states of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are essential steps in our understanding of the disease process in NOD mice and need to be considered for the interpretation and design of disease-modifying therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylke Bruggeman
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter-Jan Martens
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gabriele Sassi
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marijke Viaene
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Clive H. Wasserfall
- Diabetes Institute, Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Conny Gysemans
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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