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Sullivan MJ, Terán I, Goh KG, Ulett GC. Resisting death by metal: metabolism and Cu/Zn homeostasis in bacteria. Emerg Top Life Sci 2024; 8:45-56. [PMID: 38362914 PMCID: PMC10903455 DOI: 10.1042/etls20230115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Metal ions such as zinc and copper play important roles in host-microbe interactions and their availability can drastically affect the survival of pathogenic bacteria in a host niche. Mechanisms of metal homeostasis protect bacteria from starvation, or intoxication, defined as when metals are limiting, or in excess, respectively. In this mini-review, we summarise current knowledge on the mechanisms of resistance to metal stress in bacteria, focussing specifically on the homeostasis of cellular copper and zinc. This includes a summary of the factors that subvert metal stress in bacteria, which are independent of metal efflux systems, and commentary on the role of small molecules and metabolic systems as important mediators of metal resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Sullivan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Ignacio Terán
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Kelvin G.K. Goh
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Glen C. Ulett
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
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2
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Graham RE, Elliott RJR, Munro AF, Carragher NO. A cautionary note on the use of N-acetylcysteine as a reactive oxygen species antagonist to assess copper mediated cell death. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294297. [PMID: 38079440 PMCID: PMC10712875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A new form of cell death has recently been proposed involving copper-induced cell death, termed cuproptosis. This new form of cell death has been widely studied in relation to a novel class of copper ionophores, including elesclomol and disulfiram. However, the exact mechanism leading to cell death remains contentious. The oldest and most widely accepted biological mechanism is that the accumulated intracellular copper leads to excessive build-up of reactive oxygen species and that this is what ultimately leads to cell death. Most of this evidence is largely based on studies using N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, to relieve the oxidative stress and prevent cell death. However, here we have demonstrated using inductively coupled mass-spectrometry, that NAC pretreatment significantly reduces intracellular copper uptake triggered by the ionophores, elesclomol and disulfiram, suggesting that reduction in copper uptake, rather than the antioxidant activity of NAC, is responsible for the diminished cell death. We present further data showing that key mediators of reactive oxygen species are not upregulated in response to elesclomol treatment, and further that sensitivity of cancer cell lines to reactive oxygen species does not correlate with sensitivity to these copper ionophores. Our findings are in line with several recent studies proposing the mechanism of cuproptosis is instead via copper mediated aggregation of proteins, resulting in proteotoxic stress leading to cell death. Overall, it is vital to disseminate this key piece of information regarding NAC's activity on copper uptake since new research attributing the effect of NAC on copper ionophore activity to quenching of reactive oxygen species is being published regularly and our studies suggest their conclusions may be misleading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E. Graham
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. R. Elliott
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alison F. Munro
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Neil O. Carragher
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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3
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Kaul L, Abdo AI, Coenye T, Swift S, Zannettino A, Süss R, Richter K. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of diethyldithiocarbamate with copper ions and its liposomal formulation for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms. Biofilm 2023; 5:100130. [PMID: 37274173 PMCID: PMC10238467 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgical site infections (SSIs) are mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) biofilms. Biofilms are aggregates of bacteria embedded in a self-produced matrix that offers protection against antibiotics and promotes the spread of antibiotic-resistance in bacteria. Consequently, antibiotic treatment frequently fails, resulting in the need for alternative therapies. The present study describes the in vitro efficacy of the Cu(DDC)2 complex (2:1 M ratio of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC-) and Cu2+) with additional Cu2+ against S. aureus and S. epidermidis biofilms in models mimicking SSIs and in vitro antibacterial activity of a liposomal Cu(DDC)2 + Cu2+ formulation. The in vitro activity on S. aureus and S. epidermidis biofilms grown on two hernia mesh materials and in a wound model was determined by colony forming unit (CFU) counting. Cu2+-liposomes and Cu(DDC)2-liposomes were prepared, and their antibacterial activity was assessed in vitro using the alamarBlue assay and CFU counting and in vivo using a Galleria mellonella infection model. The combination of 35 μM DDC- and 128 μM Cu2+ inhibited S. aureus and S. epidermidis biofilms on meshes and in a wound infection model. Cu(DDC)2-liposomes + free Cu2+ displayed similar antibiofilm activity to free Cu(DDC)2 + Cu2+, and significantly increased the survival of S. epidermidis-infected larvae. Whilst Cu(DDC)2 + Cu2+ showed substantial antibiofilm activity in vitro against clinically relevant biofilms, its application in mammalian in vivo models is limited by solubility. The liposomal Cu(DDC)2 + Cu2+ formulation showed antibiofilm activity in vitro and antibacterial activity and low toxicity in G. mellonella, making it a suitable water-soluble formulation for future application on infected wounds in animal trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurine Kaul
- Richter Lab, Department of Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, University of Adelaide, 37 Woodville Road, Adelaide, SA, 5011, Australia
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Freiburg, Sonnenstr. 5, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, 4 North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Adrian I. Abdo
- Richter Lab, Department of Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, University of Adelaide, 37 Woodville Road, Adelaide, SA, 5011, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, 4 North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Tom Coenye
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simon Swift
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Zannettino
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, 4 North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Regine Süss
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Freiburg, Sonnenstr. 5, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Richter
- Richter Lab, Department of Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, University of Adelaide, 37 Woodville Road, Adelaide, SA, 5011, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, 4 North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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4
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O'Brien H, Davoodian T, Johnson MDL. The promise of copper ionophores as antimicrobials. Curr Opin Microbiol 2023; 75:102355. [PMID: 37406562 PMCID: PMC10529258 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2023.102355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant microbe-mediated deaths are a major worldwide health issue. Unfortunately, due to microbial adaptation to develop resistance, some antibiotics are nullified early in their usage, and worse, resistance is detected before they can even be prescribed. Copper's toxicity since antiquity against microbes at the host-pathogen interface offers a fascinating weapon to fight antimicrobial resistance. Here, we briefly review why copper is so effective, how drugs that work with copper are effective antimicrobials, and how compounds such as these could reinvigorate investment in antimicrobial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik O'Brien
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Talish Davoodian
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Michael D L Johnson
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; Valley Fever Center for Excellence, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
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Andrews RM, Bollar GE, Giattina AS, Dalecki AG, Wallace Jr JR, Frantz L, Eschliman K, Covarrubias-Zambrano O, Keith JD, Duverger A, Wagner F, Wolschendorf F, Bossmann SH, Birket SE, Kutsch O. Repurposing sunscreen as an antibiotic: zinc-activated avobenzone inhibits methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Metallomics 2023; 15:mfad049. [PMID: 37653446 PMCID: PMC10478290 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfad049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major healthcare concern with associated healthcare costs reaching over ${\$}$1 billion in a single year in the USA. Antibiotic resistance in S. aureus is now observed against last line of defense antibiotics, such as vancomycin, linezolid, and daptomycin. Unfortunately, high throughput drug discovery approaches to identify new antibiotics effective against MRSA have not resulted in much tangible success over the last decades. Previously, we demonstrated the feasibility of an alternative drug discovery approach, the identification of metallo-antibiotics, compounds that gain antibacterial activity only after binding to a transition metal ion and as such are unlikely to be detected in standard drug screens. We now report that avobenzone, the primary active ingredient of most sunscreens, can be activated by zinc to become a potent antibacterial compound against MRSA. Zinc-activated avobenzone (AVB-Zn) potently inhibited a series of clinical MRSA isolates [minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC): 0.62-2.5 µM], without pre-existing resistance and activity without zinc (MIC: >10 µM). AVB-Zn was also active against clinical MRSA isolates that were resistant against the commonly used zinc-salt antibiotic bacitracin. We found AVB-Zn exerted no cytotoxicity on human cell lines and primary cells. Last, we demonstrate AVB-Zn can be deployed therapeutically as lotion preparations, which showed efficacy in a mouse wound model of MRSA infection. AVB-Zn thus demonstrates Zn-activated metallo-antibiotics are a promising avenue for future drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Andrews
- School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gretchen E Bollar
- School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - A Sophia Giattina
- School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Alex G Dalecki
- School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - John R Wallace Jr
- School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Leah Frantz
- School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kayla Eschliman
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Obdulia Covarrubias-Zambrano
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Johnathan D Keith
- School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Alexandra Duverger
- School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Frederic Wagner
- School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Frank Wolschendorf
- School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stefan H Bossmann
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Susan E Birket
- School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Olaf Kutsch
- School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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6
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Li S, Long Q, Nong L, Zheng Y, Meng X, Zhu Q. Identification of immune infiltration and cuproptosis-related molecular clusters in tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1205741. [PMID: 37497230 PMCID: PMC10366538 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1205741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Cuproptosis is a novel cell death mechanism correlated with various diseases. This study sought to elucidate the role of cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) in TB. Methods Based on the GSE83456 dataset, we analyzed the expression profiles of CRGs and immune cell infiltration in TB. Based on CRGs, the molecular clusters and related immune cell infiltration were explored using 92 TB samples. The Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) algorithm was utilized to identify the co-expression modules and cluster-specific differentially expressed genes. Subsequently, the optimal machine learning model was determined by comparing the performance of the random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), generalized linear model (GLM), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB). The predictive performance of the machine learning model was assessed by generating calibration curves and decision curve analysis and validated in an external dataset. Results 11 CRGs were identified as differentially expressed cuproptosis genes. Significant differences in immune cells were observed in TB patients. Two cuproptosis-related molecular clusters expressed genes were identified. Distinct clusters were identified based on the differential expression of CRGs and immune cells. Besides, significant differences in biological functions and pathway activities were observed between the two clusters. A nomogram was generated to facilitate clinical implementation. Next, calibration curves were generated, and decision curve analysis was conducted to validate the accuracy of our model in predicting TB subtypes. XGB machine learning model yielded the best performance in distinguishing TB patients with different clusters. The top five genes from the XGB model were selected as predictor genes. The XGB model exhibited satisfactory performance during validation in an external dataset. Further analysis revealed that these five model-related genes were significantly associated with latent and active TB. Conclusion Our study provided hitherto undocumented evidence of the relationship between cuproptosis and TB and established an optimal machine learning model to evaluate the TB subtypes and latent and active TB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijun Li
- Infectious Disease Laboratory, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Qian Long
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Lanwei Nong
- Infectious Disease Laboratory, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Yanqing Zheng
- Infectious Disease Laboratory, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Xiayan Meng
- Department of Tuberculosis, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Qingdong Zhu
- Department of Tuberculosis, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
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Božić Cvijan B, Korać Jačić J, Bajčetić M. The Impact of Copper Ions on the Activity of Antibiotic Drugs. Molecules 2023; 28:5133. [PMID: 37446795 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential trace metal and its concentration in body plasma is tightly regulated. An increase in Cu concentration in body fluids is observed in numerous pathological conditions, including infections caused by microorganisms. Evidence shows that Cu ions can impact the activity of antibiotics by increasing efficiency or diminishing/neutralizing antibiotic activity, forming complexes which may lead to antibiotic structure degradation. Herein, we represent the evidence available on Cu-antibiotic interactions and their possible impact on antimicrobial therapy efficiency. So far, in vitro studies described interactions between Cu ions and the majority of antibiotics in clinical use: penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, macrolides, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, isoniazid, metronidazole. In vitro-described degradation or lower antimicrobial activity of amoxicillin, ampicillin, cefaclor, ceftriaxone, and meropenem in the presence of Cu ions suggest caution when using prescribed antibiotics in patients with altered Cu levels. On the other hand, several Cu-dependent compounds with antibacterial activity including the drug-resistant bacteria were discovered, such as thiosemicarbazones, disulfiram, dithiocarbamates, 8-hydroxiquinoline, phenanthrolines, pyrithione. Having in mind that the development of new antibiotics is already marked as inadequate and does not meet global needs, the potential of Cu-antibiotic interactions to change the efficiency of antimicrobial therapy requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Božić Cvijan
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Korać Jačić
- Life Sciences Department, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Bajčetić
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University Children's Hospital, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Makafe GG, Cole L, Roberts A, Muncil S, Patwardhan A, Bernacki D, Chojnacki M, Weinrick B, Sheinerman F. A novel chemogenomic discovery platform identifies bioactive hits with rapid bactericidal activity against Mycobacteroides Abscessus. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 139:102317. [PMID: 36736037 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacteroides abscessus (M. ab) infections are innately resistant to most currently available antibiotics and present a growing, poorly addressed medical need. The existing treatment regimens are lengthy and produce inadequate outcomes for many patients. Importantly, most clinically used drugs and drug candidates against M. ab are either bacteriostatic, or only weakly bactericidal. New strategies exploring a broader chemical space are urgently needed, as innovative agents in development are scarce and hit rates in large unbiased screens against the mycobacterium have been discouragingly low. Here we present a computational chemogenomics-driven approach to discovery of novel antibacterials that effectively reveals drug-like compounds active against M. ab, paired with small sets of predicted molecular targets for the compounds. Several of the bioactive hits identified exhibited rapid bactericidal, including sterilizing, activity against the mycobacterium, indicating that there are currently unexploited chemically tractable molecular mechanisms for rapid sterilization of M. ab. Interestingly, starvation, which typically induces drug tolerance, sensitized M. ab to some of the compounds, resulting in potencies similar to those of drugs in clinical use. The presented drug discovery platform has potential to identify highly differentiated prototype anti-infective molecules and thereby contribute to development of regimens for shorter treatment and improved outcomes for non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Cole
- Trudeau Institute, 154 Algonquin Ave, Saranac Lake, NY, 12983, USA
| | - Alan Roberts
- Trudeau Institute, 154 Algonquin Ave, Saranac Lake, NY, 12983, USA
| | - Shania Muncil
- Trudeau Institute, 154 Algonquin Ave, Saranac Lake, NY, 12983, USA
| | | | - Derek Bernacki
- Trudeau Institute, 154 Algonquin Ave, Saranac Lake, NY, 12983, USA
| | | | - Brian Weinrick
- Trudeau Institute, 154 Algonquin Ave, Saranac Lake, NY, 12983, USA.
| | - Felix Sheinerman
- Trudeau Institute, 154 Algonquin Ave, Saranac Lake, NY, 12983, USA.
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Frei A, Verderosa AD, Elliott AG, Zuegg J, Blaskovich MAT. Metals to combat antimicrobial resistance. Nat Rev Chem 2023; 7:202-224. [PMID: 37117903 PMCID: PMC9907218 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00463-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria, similar to most organisms, have a love-hate relationship with metals: a specific metal may be essential for survival yet toxic in certain forms and concentrations. Metal ions have a long history of antimicrobial activity and have received increasing attention in recent years owing to the rise of antimicrobial resistance. The search for antibacterial agents now encompasses metal ions, nanoparticles and metal complexes with antimicrobial activity ('metalloantibiotics'). Although yet to be advanced to the clinic, metalloantibiotics are a vast and underexplored group of compounds that could lead to a much-needed new class of antibiotics. This Review summarizes recent developments in this growing field, focusing on advances in the development of metalloantibiotics, in particular, those for which the mechanism of action has been investigated. We also provide an overview of alternative uses of metal complexes to combat bacterial infections, including antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and radionuclide diagnosis of bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Frei
- Community for Open Antimicrobial Drug Discovery, Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Anthony D Verderosa
- Community for Open Antimicrobial Drug Discovery, Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alysha G Elliott
- Community for Open Antimicrobial Drug Discovery, Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Johannes Zuegg
- Community for Open Antimicrobial Drug Discovery, Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark A T Blaskovich
- Community for Open Antimicrobial Drug Discovery, Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
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10
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Menghani SV, Sanchez-Rosario Y, Pok C, Liu R, Gao F, O’Brien H, Neubert MJ, Ochoa K, Durckel M, Hellinger RD, Hackett N, Wang W, Johnson MDL. Novel dithiocarbamate derivatives are effective copper-dependent antimicrobials against Streptococcal species. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1099330. [PMID: 36741900 PMCID: PMC9894897 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1099330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of several vaccines against multiple disease-causing strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, the rise of antimicrobial resistance and pneumococcal disease caused by strains not covered by the vaccine creates a need for developing novel antimicrobial strategies. N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamate (DMDC) was found to be a potent copper-dependent antimicrobial against several pathogens, including S. pneumoniae. Here, DMDCs efficacy against Streptococcal pathogens Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Streptococcus anginosus was tested using bactericidal and inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry. After confirming DMDC as broad-spectrum streptococcal antimicrobial, DMDC was derivatized into five compounds. The derivatives' effectiveness as copper chelators using DsRed2 and as copper-dependent antimicrobials against S. pneumoniae TIGR4 and tested in bactericidal and animal models. Two compounds, sodium N-benzyl-N-methyldithiocarbamate and sodium N-allyl-N-methyldithiocarbamate (herein "Compound 3" and "Compound 4"), were effective against TIGR4 and further, D39 and ATCC® 6303™ _(a type 3 capsular strain). Both Compound 3 and 4 increased the pneumococcal internal concentrations of copper to the same previously reported levels as with DMDC and copper treatment. However, in an in vivo murine pneumonia model, Compound 3, but not Compound 4, was effective in significantly decreasing the bacterial burden in the blood and lungs of S. pneumoniae-infected mice. These derivatives also had detrimental effects on the other streptococcal species. Collectively, derivatizing DMDC holds promise as potent bactericidal antibiotics against relevant streptococcal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay V. Menghani
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Medical Scientist Training MD-PhD Program (MSTP), University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Yamil Sanchez-Rosario
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Chansorena Pok
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Renshuai Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Henrik O’Brien
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Miranda J. Neubert
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Klariza Ochoa
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Meredythe Durckel
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Riley D. Hellinger
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Medical Scientist Training MD-PhD Program (MSTP), University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Nadia Hackett
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Michael D. L. Johnson
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Valley Fever Center for Excellence, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson, Tucson, AZ, United States
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson, Tucson, AZ, United States
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A New Benzothiazolthiazolidine Derivative, 11726172, Is Active In Vitro, In Vivo, and against Nonreplicating Cells of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. mSphere 2022; 7:e0036922. [PMID: 36377880 PMCID: PMC9769805 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00369-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) still poses a global menace as one of the deadliest infectious diseases. A quarter of the human population is indeed latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. People with latent infection have a 5 to 10% lifetime risk of becoming ill with TB, representing a reservoir for TB active infection. This is a worrisome problem to overcome in the case of relapse; unfortunately, few drugs are effective against nonreplicating M. tuberculosis cells. Novel strategies to combat TB, including its latent form, are urgently needed. In response to the lack of new effective drugs and after screening about 500 original chemical molecules, we selected a compound, 11726172, that is endowed with potent antitubercular activity against M. tuberculosis both in vitro and in vivo and importantly also against dormant nonculturable bacilli. We also investigated the mechanism of action of 11726172 by applying a multidisciplinary approach, including transcriptomic, labeled metabolomic, biochemical, and microbiological procedures. Our results represent an important step forward in the development of a new antitubercular compound with a novel mechanism of action active against latent bacilli. IMPORTANCE The discontinuation of TB services due to COVID-19 causes concern about a future resurgence of TB, also considering that latent infection affects a high number of people worldwide. To combat this situation, the identification of antitubercular compounds targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis through novel mechanisms of action is necessary. These compounds should be active against not only replicating bacteria cells but also nonreplicating cells to limit the reservoir of latently infected people on which the bacterium can rely to spread after reactivation.
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12
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Dermody R, Ali F, Popovich J, Chen S, Seo DK, Haydel SE. Modified aluminosilicates display antibacterial activity against nontuberculous mycobacteria and adsorb mycolactone and Mycobacterium ulcerans in vitro. FRONTIERS IN TROPICAL DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2022.1016426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium ulcerans (MU) infection of skin and soft tissue leads to chronic skin ulceration known as Buruli ulcer. MU releases a lipid-like toxin, mycolactone, that diffuses into the tissue, effecting disease through localized tissue necrosis and immunosuppression. Cutaneous Buruli ulcer wounds slowly advance from a painless pre-ulcerative stage to an ulcerative lesion, leading to disparities in the timing of medical intervention and treatment outcomes. Novel Buruli ulcer wound management solutions could complement and supplement systemically administered antimicrobials and reduce time to healing. Capitalizing on nanopore structure, adsorption, and exchange capacities, aluminosilicate nanozeolites (nZeos) and geopolymers (GPs) were developed and investigated in the context of therapeutics for mycobacterial disease ulcerative wound care. nZeos were ion exchanged with copper or silver to assess the antimicrobial activity against MU and Mycobacterium marinum, a rapid growing, genetic ancestor of MU that also causes skin and soft tissue infections. Silver- and copper-exchanged nZeos were bactericidal against MU, while only silver-exchanged nZeos killed M. marinum. To mediate adsorption at a biological scale, GPs with different pore sizes and altered surface modifications were generated and assessed for the ability to adsorb MU and mycolactone. Macroporous GPs with and without stearic acid modification equivalently adsorbed MU cells, while mesoporous GPs with stearic acid adsorbed mycolactone toxin significantly better than mesoporous GPs or GPs modified with phenyltriethoxysilane (PTES). In cytotoxicity assays, Cu-nZeos lacked toxicity against Detroit 551, U-937, and WM-115 cells. GPs demonstrated limited cytotoxicity in Detroit 551 and WM-115, but produced time-dependent toxicity in U-937 cells. With their large surface area and adsorptive capacities, aluminosilicates nZeos and GPs may be modified and developed to support conventional BU wound care. Topical application of nZeos and GPs could kill MU within the cutaneous wound environment and physically remove MU and mycolactone with wound dressing changes, thereby improving wound healing and overall patient outcomes.
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13
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Kaul L, Abdo AI, Coenye T, Krom BP, Hoogenkamp MA, Zannettino ACW, Süss R, Richter K. The combination of diethyldithiocarbamate and copper ions is active against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms in vitro and in vivo. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:999893. [PMID: 36160243 PMCID: PMC9500474 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.999893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are associated with life-threatening infections. Despite the best medical care, these infections frequently occur due to antibiotic resistance and the formation of biofilms of these two bacteria (i.e., clusters of bacteria embedded in a matrix). As a consequence, there is an urgent need for effective anti-biofilm treatments. Here, we describe the antibacterial properties of a combination treatment of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) and copper ions (Cu2+) and their low toxicity in vitro and in vivo. The antibacterial activity of DDC and Cu2+ was assessed in vitro against both planktonic and biofilm cultures of S. aureus and S. epidermidis using viability assays, microscopy, and attachment assays. Cytotoxicity of DDC and Cu2+ (DDC-Cu2+) was determined using a human fibroblast cell line. In vivo antimicrobial activity and toxicity were monitored in Galleria mellonella larvae. DDC-Cu2+ concentrations of 8 μg/ml DDC and 32 μg/ml Cu2+ resulted in over 80% MRSA and S. epidermidis biofilm killing, showed synergistic and additive effects in both planktonic and biofilm cultures of S. aureus and S. epidermidis, and synergized multiple antibiotics. DDC-Cu2+ inhibited MRSA and S. epidermidis attachment and biofilm formation in the xCELLigence and Bioflux systems. In vitro and in vivo toxicity of DDC, Cu2+ and DDC-Cu2+ resulted in > 70% fibroblast viability and > 90% G. mellonella survival. Treatment with DDC-Cu2+ significantly increased the survival of infected larvae (87% survival of infected, treated larvae vs. 47% survival of infected, untreated larvae, p < 0.001). Therefore, DDC-Cu2+ is a promising new antimicrobial with activity against planktonic and biofilm cultures of S. epidermidis and S. aureus and low cytotoxicity in vitro. This gives us high confidence to progress to mammalian animal studies, testing the antimicrobial efficacy and safety of DDC-Cu2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurine Kaul
- Richter Lab, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Department of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Adrian I. Abdo
- Richter Lab, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Department of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Tom Coenye
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Bastiaan P. Krom
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michel A. Hoogenkamp
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Andrew C. W. Zannettino
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Regine Süss
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Richter
- Richter Lab, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Department of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Katharina Richter,
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14
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Chaudhary D, Singh A, Marzuki M, Ghosh A, Kidwai S, Gosain TP, Chawla K, Gupta SK, Agarwal N, Saha S, Kumar Y, Thakur KG, Singhal A, Singh R. Identification of small molecules targeting homoserine acetyl transferase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Staphylococcus aureus. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13801. [PMID: 35963878 PMCID: PMC9376091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16468-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to validate new drug targets and identify small molecules that possess activity against both drug-resistant and drug-sensitive bacteria. The enzymes belonging to amino acid biosynthesis have been shown to be essential for growth in vitro, in vivo and have not been exploited much for the development of anti-tubercular agents. Here, we have identified small molecule inhibitors targeting homoserine acetyl transferase (HSAT, MetX, Rv3341) from M. tuberculosis. MetX catalyses the first committed step in L-methionine and S-adenosyl methionine biosynthesis resulting in the formation of O-acetyl-homoserine. Using CRISPRi approach, we demonstrate that conditional repression of metX resulted in inhibition of M. tuberculosis growth in vitro. We have determined steady state kinetic parameters for the acetylation of L-homoserine by Rv3341. We show that the recombinant enzyme followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics and utilizes both acetyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA as acyl-donors. High-throughput screening of a 2443 compound library resulted in identification of small molecule inhibitors against MetX enzyme from M. tuberculosis. The identified lead compounds inhibited Rv3341 enzymatic activity in a dose dependent manner and were also active against HSAT homolog from S. aureus. Molecular docking of the identified primary hits predicted residues that are essential for their binding in HSAT homologs from M. tuberculosis and S. aureus. ThermoFluor assay demonstrated direct binding of the identified primary hits with HSAT proteins. Few of the identified small molecules were able to inhibit growth of M. tuberculosis and S. aureus in liquid cultures. Taken together, our findings validated HSAT as an attractive target for development of new broad-spectrum anti-bacterial agents that should be effective against drug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Chaudhary
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Avantika Singh
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Mardiana Marzuki
- Infectious Diseases Labs (ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Abhirupa Ghosh
- Division of Bioinformatics, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Saqib Kidwai
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Tannu Priya Gosain
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Kiran Chawla
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Sonu Kumar Gupta
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Nisheeth Agarwal
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Sudipto Saha
- Division of Bioinformatics, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Yashwant Kumar
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Krishan Gopal Thakur
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Amit Singhal
- Infectious Diseases Labs (ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138648, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), (A*STAR), Singapore, 138648, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Ramandeep Singh
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India. .,Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, PO Box # 4, Faridabad, 121001, India.
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15
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Hughes R, Elliott RJR, Li X, Munro AF, Makda A, Carter RN, Morton NM, Fujihara K, Clemons NJ, Fitzgerald R, O’Neill JR, Hupp T, Carragher NO. Multiparametric High-Content Cell Painting Identifies Copper Ionophores as Selective Modulators of Esophageal Cancer Phenotypes. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:1876-1889. [PMID: 35696676 PMCID: PMC9295120 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma is of increasing global concern due to increasing incidence, a lack of effective treatments, and poor prognosis. Therapeutic target discovery and clinical trials have been hindered by the heterogeneity of the disease, the lack of "druggable" driver mutations, and the dominance of large-scale genomic rearrangements. We have previously undertaken a comprehensive small-molecule phenotypic screen using the high-content Cell Painting assay to quantify the morphological response to a total of 19,555 small molecules across a panel of genetically distinct human esophageal cell lines to identify new therapeutic targets and small molecules for the treatment of esophageal adenocarcinoma. In this current study, we report for the first time the dose-response validation studies for the 72 screening hits from the target-annotated LOPAC and Prestwick FDA-approved compound libraries and the full list of 51 validated esophageal adenocarcinoma-selective small molecules (71% validation rate). We then focus on the most potent and selective hit molecules, elesclomol, disulfiram, and ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate. Using a multipronged, multitechnology approach, we uncover a unified mechanism of action and a vulnerability in esophageal adenocarcinoma toward copper-dependent cell death that could be targeted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca
E. Hughes
- Cancer
Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K.
| | - Richard J. R. Elliott
- Cancer
Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K.
| | - Xiaodun Li
- MRC
Cancer Unit, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, U.K.
| | - Alison F. Munro
- Cancer
Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K.
| | - Ashraff Makda
- Cancer
Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K.
| | - Roderick N. Carter
- Centre
for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellors Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, U.K.
- Centre
for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s
Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, U.K.
| | - Nicholas M. Morton
- Centre
for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s
Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, U.K.
| | - Kenji Fujihara
- Gastrointestinal
Cancer Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter
MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University
of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas J. Clemons
- Gastrointestinal
Cancer Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter
MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University
of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Fitzgerald
- Early
Cancer Institute, Hutchison Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, U.K.
| | - J. Robert O’Neill
- Cambridge
Oesophagogastric Centre, Cambridge University
Hospitals Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, U.K.
| | - Ted Hupp
- Cancer
Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K.
| | - Neil O. Carragher
- Cancer
Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K.
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16
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Non-Antibiotic Drug Repositioning as an Alternative Antimicrobial Approach. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060816. [PMID: 35740222 PMCID: PMC9220406 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide scenario of antibiotic resistance and the falling number of funds for the development of novel antibiotics have led research efforts toward the study of specific cost-effective strategies aimed at discovering drugs against microbial infections. Among the potential options, drug repositioning, which has already exhibited satisfactory results in other medical fields, came out as the most promising. It consists of finding new uses for previously approved medicines and, over the years, many “repurposed drugs” displayed some encouraging in vitro and in vivo results beyond their initial application. The principal theoretical justification for reusing already existing drugs is that they have known mechanisms of action and manageable side effects. Reuse of old drugs is now considered an interesting approach to overcome the drawbacks of conventional antibiotics. The purpose of this review is to offer the reader a panoramic view of the updated studies concerning the repositioning process of different classes of non-antibiotic drugs in the antimicrobial field. Several research works reported the ability of some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), antidepressants, antipsychotics, and statins to counteract the growth of harmful microorganisms, demonstrating an interesting winning mode to fight infectious diseases caused by antimicrobial resistant bacteria.
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17
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Multiple deadlocks in the development of nonprofit drugs. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:2411-2414. [PMID: 35667629 PMCID: PMC9162932 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The current Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has shown us that the pharmaceutical research community can organize and administer large nonprofit clinical trials (RECOVERY and SOLIDARITY) and achieve the swift development of common, unpatentable drugs for a new indication: in this case an old, inexpensive drug, dexamethasone, for COVID-19. Why is it that such nonprofit efforts are so rare and are not organized as a systemic, routine part of drug development in the public interest? Based on my own experience with repurposing the alcohol-abuse drug disulfiram (Antabuse) for cancer, I identify at least four serious deadlocks to development of nonprofit drugs. All of these obstacles should be addressed to leverage the potential of the COVID-19 pandemic for better future healthcare systems in all countries around the world.
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18
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Custodio MM, Sparks J, Long TE. Disulfiram: A Repurposed Drug in Preclinical and Clinical Development for the Treatment of Infectious Diseases. ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS 2022; 20:e040122199856. [PMID: 35782673 PMCID: PMC9245773 DOI: 10.2174/2211352520666220104104747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews preclinical and clinical studies on the repurposed use of disulfiram (Antabuse) as an antimicrobial agent. Preclinical research covered on the alcohol sobriety aid includes uses as an anti-MRSA agent, a carbapenamase inhibitor, antifungal drug for candidiasis, and treatment for parasitic diseases due to protozoa (e.g., giardiasis, leishmaniasis, malaria) and helminthes (e.g., schistosomiasis, trichuriasis). Past, current, and pending clinical studies on disulfiram as a post-Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS) therapy, an HIV latency reversal agent, and intervention for COVID-19 infections are also reviewed..
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco M. Custodio
- Chesapeake Regional Medical Center, 736 Battlefield Blvd. N Chesapeake, VA 23320, USA
| | - Jennifer Sparks
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Administration and Research, Marshall University School of Pharmacy, One John Marshall Drive, Huntington WV 24755-0001, USA
| | - Timothy E. Long
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Marshall University School of Pharmacy, One John Marshall, Drive Huntington WV 24755-0001, USA
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19
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Abstract
There are many reactive intermediates found in metabolic pathways. Could these potentially toxic molecules be exploited for an organism's benefit? We propose that during certain microbial infections, the production of inherently reactive aldehydes by an infected host is a previously unappreciated innate immune defence mechanism. While there has been a significant focus on the effects of aldehydes on mammalian physiology, the idea that they might be exploited or purposefully induced to kill pathogens is new. Given that aldehydes are made as parts of metabolic programmes that accompany immune cell activation by the cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) during infections, we hypothesize that aldehydes are among the arsenal of IFN-γ-inducible effectors needed for pathogen control.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Heran Darwin
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah A. Stanley
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA,Division of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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20
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A systematic review of disulfiram as an antibacterial agent: What is the evidence? Int J Antimicrob Agents 2022; 59:106578. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2022.106578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Serral F, Pardo AM, Sosa E, Palomino MM, Nicolás MF, Turjanski AG, Ramos PIP, Fernández Do Porto D. Pathway Driven Target Selection in Klebsiella pneumoniae: Insights Into Carbapenem Exposure. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:773405. [PMID: 35174104 PMCID: PMC8841789 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.773405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-KP) represents an emerging threat to public health. CR-KP infections result in elevated morbidity and mortality. This fact, coupled with their global dissemination and increasingly limited number of therapeutic options, highlights the urgency of novel antimicrobials. Innovative strategies linking genome-wide interrogation with multi-layered metabolic data integration can accelerate the early steps of drug development, particularly target selection. Using the BioCyc ontology, we generated and manually refined a metabolic network for a CR-KP, K. pneumoniae Kp13. Converted into a reaction graph, we conducted topological-based analyses in this network to prioritize pathways exhibiting druggable features and fragile metabolic points likely exploitable to develop novel antimicrobials. Our results point to the aptness of previously recognized pathways, such as lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan synthesis, and casts light on the possibility of targeting less explored cellular functions. These functions include the production of lipoate, trehalose, glycine betaine, and flavin, as well as the salvaging of methionine. Energy metabolism pathways emerged as attractive targets in the context of carbapenem exposure, targeted either alone or in conjunction with current therapeutic options. These results prompt further experimental investigation aimed at controlling this highly relevant pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Serral
- Instituto de Cálculo, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustin M. Pardo
- Instituto de Cálculo, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Sosa
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Mercedes Palomino
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cdad. Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marisa F. Nicolás
- Laboratório de Bioinformática (LABINFO), Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica (LNCC), Petrópolis, Brazil
| | - Adrian G. Turjanski
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cdad. Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Ivan P. Ramos
- Centro de Integração de Dados e Conhecimentos para a Saúde (CIDACS), Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz - Bahia), Salvador, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Darío Fernández Do Porto, ; Pablo Ivan P. Ramos,
| | - Darío Fernández Do Porto
- Instituto de Cálculo, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cdad. Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Darío Fernández Do Porto, ; Pablo Ivan P. Ramos,
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22
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Leveraging disulfiram to treat cancer: Mechanisms of action, delivery strategies, and treatment regimens. Biomaterials 2021; 281:121335. [PMID: 34979419 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Disulfiram (DSF) has been used as an alcoholism drug for 70 years. Recently, it has attracted increasing attention owing to the distinguished anticancer activity, which can be further potentiated by the supplementation of Cu2+. Although encouraging anticancer results are obtained in lab, the clinical outcomes of oral DSF are not satisfactory, which urges an in-depth understanding of the underlying mechanisms, bottlenecks, and proposal of potential methods to address the dilemma. In this review, a critical summarization of various molecular biological anticancer mechanisms of DSF/Cu2+ is provided and the predicament of orally delivering DSF in clinical oncotherapy is explained by the metabolic barriers. We highlight the recent advances in the DSF/Cu2+ delivery strategies and the emerging treatment regimens for cancer treatment. Last but not the least, we summarize the clinical trials regarding DSF and make a prospect of DSF/Cu-based cancer therapy.
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23
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Hyre A, Casanova-Hampton K, Subashchandrabose S. Copper Homeostatic Mechanisms and Their Role in the Virulence of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica. EcoSal Plus 2021; 9:eESP00142020. [PMID: 34125582 PMCID: PMC8669021 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.esp-0014-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Copper is an essential micronutrient that also exerts toxic effects at high concentrations. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on copper handling and homeostasis systems in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica. We describe the mechanisms by which transcriptional regulators, efflux pumps, detoxification enzymes, metallochaperones, and ancillary copper response systems orchestrate cellular response to copper stress. E. coli and S. enterica are important pathogens of humans and animals. We discuss the critical role of copper during killing of these pathogens by macrophages and in nutritional immunity at the bacterial-pathogen-host interface. In closing, we identify opportunities to advance our understanding of the biological roles of copper in these model enteric bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Hyre
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Kaitlin Casanova-Hampton
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Sargurunathan Subashchandrabose
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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Demonstration of N, N-Dimethyldithiocarbamate as a Copper-Dependent Antibiotic against Multiple Upper Respiratory Tract Pathogens. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0077821. [PMID: 34468162 PMCID: PMC8557878 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00778-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition metals are necessary cofactors and structural elements in living systems. Exposure to high concentrations of biologically important transition metals, such as zinc and copper, results in cell toxicity. At the infection site, the immune system deploys metal sorbent proteins (e.g., lactoferrin and calprotectin) to starve pathogens of necessary metals (such as iron), while phagocytes expose engulfed pathogens to high levels of other metals, such as copper and zinc. The opportunistic pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) encounters macrophages during initial and protracted infections. The pneumococcus employs a copper export pathway, which improves colonization and persistent infection of the nasopharynx and the upper respiratory tract. Because copper is tightly regulated in the host, we instead sought to leverage the localized power of nutritional immunity by identifying small molecules with copper-dependent toxicity (CDT) through a targeted screen of compounds for antibiotic efficacy. We chose to include dithiocarbamates, based on the copper synergy observed in other organisms with 1-(diethylthiocarbamoyldisulfanyl)-N,N-diethyl-methanethioamide (tetraethylthiuram disulfide, disulfiram). We observed CDT of some dithiocarbamates in S. pneumoniae. Only N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamate (DMDC) was consistently toxic across a range of concentrations with copper both in vitro and in vivo against the pneumococcus. We also observed various degrees of CDT in vitro using DMDC in Staphylococcus aureus, Coccidioides posadasii, and Schistosoma mansoni. Collectively, we demonstrate that the compound DMDC is a potent bactericidal compound against S. pneumoniae with antimicrobial efficacy against bacterial and fungal pathogens. IMPORTANCE With the rise of antibiotic resistance, approaches that add new antimicrobials to the current repertoire are vital. Here, we investigate putative and known copper ionophores in an attempt to intoxicate bacteria and use ionophore/copper synergy, and we ultimately find success with N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamate (DMDC). We show that DMDC has in vitro efficacy in a copper-dependent manner and kills pathogens across three different kingdoms, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Coccidioides posadasii, and Schistosoma mansoni, and in vivo efficacy against S. pneumoniae. As such, dithiocarbamates represent a new potential class of antimicrobials and thus warrant further mechanistic investigation.
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25
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McNeil MB, Keighley LM, Cook JR, Cheung CY, Cook GM. CRISPR interference identifies vulnerable cellular pathways with bactericidal phenotypes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mol Microbiol 2021; 116:1033-1043. [PMID: 34346123 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a leading cause of death for which new drugs are needed. The identification of drug targets has been advanced by high-throughput and targeted genetic deletion strategies. Each though has limitations including the inability to distinguish between levels of vulnerability, lethality and scalability as a molecular tool. Using mycobacterial CRISPR interference in combination with phenotypic screening we have overcome these individual issues to investigate essentiality, vulnerability and lethality for 94 target genes from a diverse array of cellular pathways, many of which are potential antibiotic targets. Essential genes involved in cell wall synthesis and central cellular functions were equally vulnerable and often had bactericidal consequences. Conversely, essential genes involved in metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation or amino acid synthesis were less vulnerable to inhibition and frequently bacteriostatic. In conclusion, this study provides novel insights into mycobacterial genetics and biology that will help to prioritise potential drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B McNeil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand.,Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Laura M Keighley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Josephine R Cook
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Chen-Yi Cheung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Gregory M Cook
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand.,Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Lobo-Galo N, Terrazas-López M, Martínez-Martínez A, Díaz-Sánchez ÁG. FDA-approved thiol-reacting drugs that potentially bind into the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, essential for viral replication. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 39:3419-3427. [PMID: 32364011 PMCID: PMC7232886 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1764393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Emergent novel SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the current pandemic outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome with high mortality among the symptomatic population worldwide. Given the absence of a current vaccine or specific antiviral treatment, it is urgent to search for FDA-approved drugs that can potentially inhibit essential viral enzymes. The inhibition of 3CLpro has potential medical application, due to the fact that it is required for processing of the first translated replicase polyproteins into a series of native proteins, which are essential for viral replication in the host cell. We employed an in silico approach to test if disulfiram, as well as its metabolites, and captopril could be used as potential antiviral drugs against COVID-19. We provide data on the potential covalent interaction of disulfiram and its metabolites with the substrate binding subsite of 3CLpro and propose a possible mechanism for the irreversible protease inactivation thought the reaction of the aforementioned compounds with the Cys145. Although, captopril is shown to be a potential ligand of 3CLpro, it is not recommended anti-COVID-19 therapy, due to the fact that it can induce the expression of the viral cellular receptor such as, angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE-2, and thus, making the patient potentially more susceptible to infection. On the other hand, disulfiram, an alcoholism-averting drug, has been previously proposed as an antimicrobial and anti-SARS and MERS agent, safe to use even at higher doses with low side effects, it is recommended to be tested for control of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naún Lobo-Galo
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, México
| | - Manuel Terrazas-López
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, México
| | - Alejandro Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, México
| | - Ángel Gabriel Díaz-Sánchez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, México
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Ghimire A, Song J. Anti-Periprosthetic Infection Strategies: From Implant Surface Topographical Engineering to Smart Drug-Releasing Coatings. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:20921-20937. [PMID: 33914499 PMCID: PMC8130912 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite advanced implant sterilization and aseptic surgical techniques, periprosthetic bacterial infection remains a major challenge for orthopedic and dental implants. Bacterial colonization/biofilm formation around implants and their invasion into the dense skeletal tissue matrices are difficult to treat and could lead to implant failure and osteomyelitis. These complications require major revision surgeries and extended antibiotic therapies that are associated with high treatment cost, morbidity, and even mortality. Effective preventative measures mitigating risks for implant-related infections are thus in dire need. This review focuses on recent developments of anti-periprosthetic infection strategies aimed at either reducing bacterial adhesion, colonization, and biofilm formation or killing bacteria directly in contact with and/or in the vicinity of implants. These goals are accomplished through antifouling, quorum-sensing interfering, or bactericidal implant surface topographical engineering or surface coatings through chemical modifications. Surface topographical engineering of lotus leaf mimicking super-hydrophobic antifouling features and cicada wing-mimicking, bacterium-piercing nanopillars are both presented. Conventional physical coating/passive release of bactericidal agents is contrasted with their covalent tethering to implant surfaces through either stable linkages or linkages labile to bacterial enzyme cleavage or environmental perturbations. Pros and cons of these emerging anti-periprosthetic infection approaches are discussed in terms of their safety, efficacy, and translational potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananta Ghimire
- Department of Orthopedics and Physical Rehabilitation, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Orthopedics and Physical Rehabilitation, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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28
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Kaul L, Süss R, Zannettino A, Richter K. The revival of dithiocarbamates: from pesticides to innovative medical treatments. iScience 2021; 24:102092. [PMID: 33598645 PMCID: PMC7868997 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dithiocarbamates (DTCs) have been used for various applications, including as hardening agents in rubber manufacturing, as fungicide in agriculture, and as medications to treat alcohol misuse disorder. The multi-faceted effects of DTCs rely mainly on metal binding abilities and a high reactivity with thiol groups. Therefore, the list of potential applications is still increasing, exemplified by the US Food and Drug Administration approval of disulfiram (Antabuse) and its metabolite diethyldithiocarbamate in clinical trials against cancer, human immunodeficiency virus, and Lyme disease, as well as new DTC-related compounds that have been synthesized to target diseases with unmet therapeutic needs. In this review, we will discuss the latest progress of DTCs as anti-cancer agents and provide a summary of the mechanisms of action. We will explain the expansion of DTCs' activity in the fields of microbiology, neurology, cardiology, and ophthalmology, thereby providing evidence for the important role and therapeutic potential of DTCs as innovative medical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurine Kaul
- Richter Lab, Department of Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5011, Australia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Regine Süss
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Andrew Zannettino
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA 5011, Australia
| | - Katharina Richter
- Richter Lab, Department of Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5011, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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29
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Hofmann L, Hirsch M, Ruthstein S. Advances in Understanding of the Copper Homeostasis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2050. [PMID: 33669570 PMCID: PMC7922089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty-five thousand people die as a result of more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections in the United States of America per year. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is classified a serious threat, the second-highest threat category of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Among others, the World Health Organization (WHO) encourages the discovery and development of novel antibiotic classes with new targets and mechanisms of action without cross-resistance to existing classes. To find potential new target sites in pathogenic bacteria, such as P. aeruginosa, it is inevitable to fully understand the molecular mechanism of homeostasis, metabolism, regulation, growth, and resistances thereof. P. aeruginosa maintains a sophisticated copper defense cascade comprising three stages, resembling those of public safety organizations. These stages include copper scavenging, first responder, and second responder. Similar mechanisms are found in numerous pathogens. Here we compare the copper-dependent transcription regulators cueR and copRS of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and P. aeruginosa. Further, phylogenetic analysis and structural modelling of mexPQ-opmE reveal that this efflux pump is unlikely to be involved in the copper export of P. aeruginosa. Altogether, we present current understandings of the copper homeostasis in P. aeruginosa and potential new target sites for antimicrobial agents or a combinatorial drug regimen in the fight against multidrug resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sharon Ruthstein
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials & Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel; (L.H.); (M.H.)
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Saha P, Kumari Agarwala P, Dadhich R, Adhyapak P, Kapoor S, Madhavan N. Ligand Induced Cu II Transport Restricts Cancer and Mycobacterial Growth: Towards a Plug-and-Select Ion Channel Scaffold. Chembiochem 2021; 22:1424-1429. [PMID: 33347676 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic channels with high ion selectivity are attractive drug targets for diseases involving ion dysregulation. Achieving selective transport of divalent ions is highly challenging due their high hydration energies. A small tripeptide amphiphilic scaffold installed with a pybox ligand selectively transports CuII ions across membranes. The peptide forms stable dimeric pores in the membrane and transports ions by a Cu2+ /H+ antiport mechanism. The ligand-induced excellent CuII selectivity as well as high membrane permeability of the peptide is exploited to promote cancer cell death. The peptide's ability to restrict mycobacterial growth serves as seeds to evolve antibacterial strategies centred on selectively modulating ion homeostasis in pathogens. This simple peptide can potentially function as a universal, yet versatile, scaffold wherein the ion selectivity can be precisely controlled by modifying the ligand at the C terminus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parichita Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Prema Kumari Agarwala
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Ruchika Dadhich
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Pranav Adhyapak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Shobhna Kapoor
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Nandita Madhavan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
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31
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Lee C, Bhakta S. The Prospect of Repurposing Immunomodulatory Drugs for Adjunctive Chemotherapy against Tuberculosis: A Critical Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:91. [PMID: 33477812 PMCID: PMC7832907 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health emergency, with an estimated 2 billion people infected across the world, and 1.4 million people dying to this disease every year. Many aspects of the causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, make this disease difficult for healthcare and laboratory researchers to fight against, such as unique pathophysiology, latent infection and long and complex treatment regimens, thus causing patient non-compliance with the treatment. Development of new drugs is critical for tackling these problems. Repurposing drugs is a promising strategy for generating an effective drug treatment whilst circumventing many of the challenges of conventional drug development. In this regard, the incorporation of immunomodulatory drugs into the standard regimen to potentiate frontline drugs is found to be highly appealing. Drugs of diverse chemical classes and drug categories are increasingly being evidenced to possess antitubercular activity, both in vitro and in vivo. This article explores and discusses the molecular entities that have shown promise in being repurposed for use in anti-TB adjunctive therapy and aims to provide the most up-to-date picture of their progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiyun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK;
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, The Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Sanjib Bhakta
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, The Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
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32
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Terrazas-López M, Lobo-Galo N, Aguirre-Reyes LG, Bustos-Jaimes I, Marcos-Víquez JÁ, González-Segura L, Díaz-Sánchez ÁG. Interaction of N-succinyl diaminopimelate desuccinylase with orphenadrine and disulfiram. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Loginova NV, Harbatsevich HI, Osipovich NP, Ksendzova GA, Koval’chuk TV, Polozov GI. Metal Complexes as Promising Agents for Biomedical Applications. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:5213-5249. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190417143533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background::
In this review article, a brief overview of novel metallotherapeutic agents
(with an emphasis on the complexes of essential biometals) promising for medical application is
presented. We have also focused on the recent work carried out by our research team, specifically
the development of redox-active antimicrobial complexes of sterically hindered diphenols with some
essential biometals (copper, zinc, nickel).
Results::
The complexes of essential metals (manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc) described
in the review show diverse in vitro biological activities, ranging from antimicrobial and antiinflammatory
to antiproliferative and enzyme inhibitory. It is necessary to emphasize that the type of
organic ligands in these metal complexes seems to be responsible for their pharmacological
activities. In the last decades, there has been a significant interest in synthesis and biological
evaluation of metal complexes with redox-active ligands. A substantial step in the development of
these redox-active agents is the study of their physicochemical and biological properties, including
investigations in vitro of model enzyme systems, which can provide evidence on a plausible
mechanism underlying the pharmacological activity. When considering the peculiarities of the
pharmacological activity of the sterically hindered diphenol derivatives and their nickel(II),
copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes synthesized, we took into account the following: (i) all these
compounds are potential antioxidants and (ii) their antimicrobial activity possibly results from their
ability to affect the electron-transport chain.
Conclusion::
We obtained novel data demonstrating that the level of antibacterial and antifungal
activity in the series of the above-mentioned metal-based antimicrobials depends not only on the
nature of the phenolic ligands and complexing metal ions, but also on the lipophilicity and reducing
ability of the ligands and metal complexes, specifically regarding the potential biotargets of their
antimicrobial action – ferricytochrome c and the superoxide anion radical. The combination of
antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activity allows one to consider these compounds as
promising substances for developing therapeutic agents with a broad spectrum of activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nikolai P. Osipovich
- Research Institute for Physico-Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Galina A. Ksendzova
- Research Institute for Physico-Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
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Crawford CL, Dalecki AG, Perez MD, Schaaf K, Wolschendorf F, Kutsch O. A copper-dependent compound restores ampicillin sensitivity in multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8955. [PMID: 32488067 PMCID: PMC7265353 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65978-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), has become a worldwide, major health care problem. While initially restricted to clinical settings, drug resistant S. aureus is now one of the key causative agents of community-acquired infections. We have previously demonstrated that copper dependent inhibitors (CDIs), a class of antibiotics that are only active in the presence of copper ions, are effective bactericidal agents against MRSA. A second-generation CDI, APT-6K, exerted bactericidal activity at nanomolar concentrations. At sub-bactericidal concentrations, it effectively synergized with ampicillin to reverse drug resistance in multiple MRSA strains. APT-6K had a favorable therapeutic index when tested on eukaryotic cells (TI: > 30) and, unlike some previously reported CDIs, did not affect mitochondrial activity. These results further establish inhibitors that are activated by the binding of transition metal ions as a promising class of antibiotics, and for the first time, describe their ability to reverse existing drug resistance against clinically relevant antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron L Crawford
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Alex G Dalecki
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mildred D Perez
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Schaaf
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Frank Wolschendorf
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Olaf Kutsch
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Dalecki AG, Zorn KM, Clark AM, Ekins S, Narmore WT, Tower N, Rasmussen L, Bostwick R, Kutsch O, Wolschendorf F. High-throughput screening and Bayesian machine learning for copper-dependent inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus. Metallomics 2020; 11:696-706. [PMID: 30839007 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00342d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
One potential source of new antibacterials is through probing existing chemical libraries for copper-dependent inhibitors (CDIs), i.e., molecules with antibiotic activity only in the presence of copper. Recently, our group demonstrated that previously unknown staphylococcal CDIs were frequently present in a small pilot screen. Here, we report the outcome of a larger industrial anti-staphylococcal screen consisting of 40 771 compounds assayed in parallel, both in standard and in copper-supplemented media. Ultimately, 483 had confirmed copper-dependent IC50 values under 50 μM. Sphere-exclusion clustering revealed that these hits were largely dominated by sulfur-containing motifs, including benzimidazole-2-thiones, thiadiazines, thiazoline formamides, triazino-benzimidazoles, and pyridinyl thieno-pyrimidines. Structure-activity relationship analysis of the pyridinyl thieno-pyrimidines generated multiple improved CDIs, with activity likely dependent on ligand/ion coordination. Molecular fingerprint-based Bayesian classification models were built using Discovery Studio and Assay Central, a new platform for sharing and distributing cheminformatic models in a portable format, based on open-source tools. Finally, we used the latter model to evaluate a library of FDA-approved drugs for copper-dependent activity in silico. Two anti-helminths, albendazole and thiabendazole, scored highly and are known to coordinate copper ions, further validating the model's applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex G Dalecki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, BBRB 562, 845 19th St S, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Jakubowska MA, Pyka J, Michalczyk-Wetula D, Baczyński K, Cieśla M, Susz A, Ferdek PE, Płonka BK, Fiedor L, Płonka PM. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals alterations in the redox state of endogenous copper and iron complexes in photodynamic stress-induced ischemic mouse liver. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101566. [PMID: 32464500 PMCID: PMC7251382 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Divalent copper and iron cations have been acknowledged for their catalytic roles in physiological processes critical for homeostasis maintenance. Being redox-active, these metals act as cofactors in the enzymatic reactions of electron transfer. However, under pathophysiological conditions, owing to their high redox potentials, they may exacerbate stress-induced injury. This could be particularly hazardous to the liver - the main body reservoir of these two metals. Surprisingly, the involvement of Cu and Fe in liver pathology still remains poorly understood. Hypoxic stress in the tissue may act as a stimulus that mobilizes these ions from their hepatic stores, aggravating the systemic injury. Since ischemia poses a serious complication in liver surgery (e.g. transplantation) we aimed to reveal the status of Cu and Fe via spectroscopic analysis of mouse ischemic liver tissue. Herein, we establish a novel non-surgical model of focal liver ischemia, achieved by applying light locally when a photosensitizer is administered systemically. Photodynamic treatment results in clear-cut areas of the ischemic hepatic tissue, as confirmed by ultrasound scans, mean velocity measurements, 3D modelling of vasculature and (immuno)histological analysis. For reference, we assessed the samples collected from the animals which developed transient systemic endotoxemic stress induced by a non-lethal dose of lipopolysaccharide. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra recorded in situ in the liver samples reveal a dramatic increase in the level of Cu adducts solely in the ischemic tissues. In contrast, other typical free radical components of the liver EPR spectra, such as reduced Riske clusters are not detected; these differences are not followed by changes in the blood EPR spectra. Taken together, our results suggest that local ischemic stress affects paramagnetic species containing redox-active metals. Moreover, because in our model hepatic vascular flow is impaired, these effects are only local (confined to the liver) and are not propagated systemically. Liver ischemia causes local dyshomeostasis in redox-active transition metal ions. Metal ion-reactive species interaction exacerbates injury of the hepatic tissue. Copper chelation could aid the removal of reactive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika A Jakubowska
- Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland; Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Janusz Pyka
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Baczyński
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej Cieśla
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Susz
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł E Ferdek
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Beata K Płonka
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Leszek Fiedor
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Przemysław M Płonka
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Trautmann A, Gascan H, Ghozzi R. Potential Patient-Reported Toxicities With Disulfiram Treatment in Late Disseminated Lyme Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:133. [PMID: 32373619 PMCID: PMC7184924 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, disulfiram has been proposed as a promising treatment for people suffering from persistent symptoms of Lyme Disease. Disulfiram has several distinct molecular targets. The most well-known is alcohol dehydrogenase, a key enzyme for detoxifying the organism after alcohol ingestion. Other targets and modes of action of disulfiram, that may present problematic side effects, are less commonly mentioned. The French Federation against Tick Borne Diseases (French acronym, FFMVT), which associates three main Lyme patient organizations, MDs and PhDs, has recently been alerted to severe and persistent toxic events in a patient suffering from a late disseminated form of Lyme Disease following disulfiram intake. FFMVT reacted by launching a national call to examine whether other patients in France following a similar treatment could be identified, and what benefits, or side effects could be reported. The statements of 16 patients taking disulfiram have been collected and are presented here. Thirteen out of 16 patients reported toxic events, and seven out of 16 reported benefits for at least part of their symptoms. Based on the collected observations, it seems too early to promote disulfiram as a promising new treatment until the reasons underlying the reported toxicities have been explored, and the results of a well-conducted double blind clinical trial published. The importance of taking into account patient-reported outcomes in Lyme Disease is underlined by the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Trautmann
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Hugues Gascan
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR), Rennes, France
| | - Raouf Ghozzi
- Centre Hospitalier de Lannemezan, Lannemezan, France
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Rodrigues B, Shende P. Monodispersed metal-based dendrimeric nanoclusters for potentiation of anti-tuberculosis action. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Azizi-Lalabadi M, Alizadeh-Sani M, Khezerlou A, Mirzanajafi-Zanjani M, Zolfaghari H, Bagheri V, Divband B, Ehsani A. Nanoparticles and Zeolites: Antibacterial Effects and their Mechanism against Pathogens. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 20:1074-1086. [DOI: 10.2174/1573397115666190708120040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, distribution and microorganism resistance against antimicrobial compounds
have caused crucial food safety problems. Hence, nanotechnology and zeolite are recognized as new
approaches to manage this problem due to their inherent antimicrobial activity. Different studies have
confirmed antimicrobial effects of Nano particles (NPs) (metal and metal oxide) and zeolite, by using
various techniques to determine antimicrobial mechanism. This review includes an overview of research
with the results of studies about antimicrobial mechanisms of nanoparticles and zeolite. Many
researches have shown that type, particle size and shape of NPs and zeolite are important factors showing
antimicrobial effectiveness. The use of NPs and zeolite as antimicrobial components especially in
food technology and medical application can be considered as prominent strategies to overcome pathogenic
microorganisms. Nevertheless, further studies are required to minimize the possible toxicity of
NPs in order to apply suitable alternatives for disinfectants and antibacterial agents in food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Azizi-Lalabadi
- Students' Research Committee, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahmood Alizadeh-Sani
- Food safety and hygiene division, Environmental Health Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezou Khezerlou
- Students' Research Committee, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mina Mirzanajafi-Zanjani
- Students' Research Committee, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hajar Zolfaghari
- Students' Research Committee, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Bagheri
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, P.O. BOX 51666-16471, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Baharak Divband
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, C.P. 51664 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Ehsani
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Totten AH, Crawford CL, Dalecki AG, Xiao L, Wolschendorf F, Atkinson TP. Differential Susceptibility of Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma Species to Compound-Enhanced Copper Toxicity. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1720. [PMID: 31417517 PMCID: PMC6682632 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Mycoplasmas represent important etiologic agents of many human diseases. Due to increasing antimicrobial resistance and slow rate of novel discovery, unconventional methods of drug discovery are necessary. Copper ions are utilized in host microbial killing, and bacteria must regulate intracellular Cu concentrations to avoid toxicity. We hypothesized that human mollicutes may have susceptibility to Cu-induced toxicity, and compounds that augment copper-dependent killing. Methods Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mpn), Ureaplasma parvum (Up), Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu), and Mycoplasma hominis (Mh) were exposed to CuSO4 to determine minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Once inhibitory concentrations had been determined, bacteria were treated with an FDA-approved drug disulfiram (DSF), glyoxal bis(4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone) (GTSM), and 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (neocuproine), with or without Cu2+, to determine compound MICs. Results Ureaplasma species and Mh were able to tolerate 30–60 μM CuSO4, while Mpn tolerated over 10-fold higher concentrations (>1 mM). GTSM inhibited growth of all four organisms, but was unaffected by Cu2+ addition. Inhibition by GTSM was reduced by addition of the cell-impermeant Cu chelator, bathocuproine disulfonate (BCS). Neocuproine exhibited Cu-dependent growth inhibition of all organisms. DSF exhibited Cu-dependent growth inhibition against Mh at low micromolar concentrations, and at intermediate concentrations for Mpn. Conclusion MICs for CuSO4 differ widely among human mollicutes, with higher MICs for Mpn compared to Mh, Uu, and Up. DSF and Neocuproine exhibit Cu-dependent inhibition of mollicutes with copper concentrations between 25 and 50 μM. GTSM has copper-dependent anti-microbial activity at low levels of copper. Drug enhanced copper toxicity is a promising avenue for novel therapeutic development research with Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur H Totten
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Cameron L Crawford
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Alex G Dalecki
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Frank Wolschendorf
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Thomas P Atkinson
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Utilization of CRISPR Interference To Validate MmpL3 as a Drug Target in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.00629-19. [PMID: 31160289 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00629-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for novel therapeutics to treat Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. Genetic strategies for validating novel targets are available, yet their time-consuming nature limits their utility. Here, using MmpL3 as a model target, we report on the application of mycobacterial CRISPR interference for the rapid validation of target essentiality and compound mode of action. This strategy has the potential to rapidly accelerate tuberculosis drug discovery.
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43
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Non-antibiotic adjunctive therapy: A promising approach to fight tuberculosis. Pharmacol Res 2019; 146:104289. [PMID: 31152788 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is currently a clinical and public health problem. There is a concern about the emergence and development of multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR-TB) species. Additionally, the lack of effective vaccines is another limitation to control the related infections. To overcome these problems various approaches have been pursued such as finding novel drug candidates with a new mechanism of action or repurposing conventional antibiotics. However, these strategies are still far from clinical application. Hence, the use of adjunctive therapy has been suggested for TB. In this paper, we review non-antibiotic adjunctive treatment options for TB. Natural products, vitamins, micronutrients, and trace elementals, as well as non-antibiotic drugs, are examples of agents which have been used as adjunctive therapies. The use of these adjunctive therapies has been shown to improve disease outcomes and reduce the adverse effects of antibiotic drugs. Employing these agents, either alone or in combination with antibiotics, might be considered as a promising approach to control TB infections and achieve better clinical outcomes. However, supportive evidence from randomized controlled trials is still scant and merits further investigations.
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Antibacterial Activity of combinatorial treatments composed of transition-metal/antibiotics against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5471. [PMID: 30940878 PMCID: PMC6445279 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42049-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Notwithstanding evidence that tuberculosis (TB) is declining, one of the greatest concerns to public health is the emergence and spread of multi-drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB). MDR-TB are defined as strains which are resistant to at least isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin, the two most potent TB drugs, and their increasing incidence is a serious concern. Recently, notable efforts have been spent on research to pursue novel treatments against MDR-TB, especially on synergistic drug combinations as they have the potential to improve TB treatment. Our research group has previously reported promising synergistic antimicrobial effects between transition-metal compounds and antibiotics in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. In this work, we evaluated antimycobacterial activity of transition-metals/antibiotics combinatorial treatments against first-line drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Our data showed that INH/AgNO3 combinatorial treatment had an additive effect (bactericidal activity) in an isoniazid-resistant clinical strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Moreover, in vitro evaluation of cytotoxicity induced by both, the individual tratments of AgNO3 and INH and the combinatorial treatment of INH/AgNO3 in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages and human A549 lung cells; showed no toxic effects. Together, this data suggests that the INH/AgNO3 combinatorial treatment could be used in the development of new strategies to treat resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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Crawford CL, Dalecki AG, Narmore WT, Hoff J, Hargett AA, Renfrow MB, Zhang M, Kalubowilage M, Bossmann SH, Queern SL, Lapi SE, Hunter RN, Bao D, Augelli-Szafran CE, Kutsch O, Wolschendorf F. Pyrazolopyrimidinones, a novel class of copper-dependent bactericidal antibiotics against multi-drug resistant S. aureus. Metallomics 2019; 11:784-798. [DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00316e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pyrazolopyrimidinones traffic copper into S. aureus, depleting ATP and altering essential ion concentrations, resulting in the death of the bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex G. Dalecki
- Department of Medicine
- University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Birmingham
- USA
| | | | - Jessica Hoff
- Department of Medicine
- University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Birmingham
- USA
| | - Audra A. Hargett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics
- University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Birmingham
- USA
| | - Matthew B. Renfrow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics
- University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Birmingham
- USA
| | - Man Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Kansas State University
- Manhattan
- USA
| | | | | | - Stacy L. Queern
- Department of Radiology
- University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Birmingham
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Suzanne E. Lapi
- Department of Radiology
- University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Birmingham
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Robert N. Hunter
- Department of Chemistry
- Drug Discovery Division
- Southern Research
- Birmingham
- USA
| | - Donghui Bao
- Department of Chemistry
- Drug Discovery Division
- Southern Research
- Birmingham
- USA
| | | | - Olaf Kutsch
- Department of Medicine
- University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Birmingham
- USA
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Libardo MDJ, de la Fuente-Nuñez C, Anand K, Krishnamoorthy G, Kaiser P, Pringle SC, Dietz C, Pierce S, Smith MB, Barczak A, Kaufmann SHE, Singh A, Angeles-Boza AM. Phagosomal Copper-Promoted Oxidative Attack on Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:1623-1634. [PMID: 30141623 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) ions are critical in controlling bacterial infections, and successful pathogens like Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) possess multiple Cu resistance mechanisms. We report, as proof of concept, that a novel Cu hypersensitivity phenotype can be generated in mycobacteria, including Mtb, through a peptide, DAB-10, that is able to form reactive oxygen species (ROS) following Cu-binding. DAB-10 induces intramycobacterial oxidative stress in a Cu-dependent manner in vitro and during infection. DAB-10 penetrates murine macrophages and encounters intracellular mycobacteria. Significant intracellular Cu-dependent protection was observed when Mtb-infected macrophages were treated with DAB-10 alongside a cell-permeable Cu chelator. Treatment with the Cu chelator reversed the intramycobacterial oxidative shift induced by DAB-10. We conclude that DAB-10 utilizes the pool of phagosomal Cu ions in the host-Mtb interface to augment the mycobactericidal activity of macrophages while simultaneously exploiting the susceptibility of Mtb to ROS. DAB-10 serves as a model with which to develop next-generation, multifunctional antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Daben J. Libardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nuñez
- Synthetic Biology Group, MIT Synthetic Biology Center, Department of Biological Engineering, and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 21 Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 50 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kushi Anand
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Center for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Gopinath Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Virchowweg 12, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Peggy Kaiser
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Virchowweg 12, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Stephanie C. Pringle
- The Ragon Institute of Harvard, MIT, and Massachusetts General Hospital, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christopher Dietz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Scott Pierce
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Michael B. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Amy Barczak
- The Ragon Institute of Harvard, MIT, and Massachusetts General Hospital, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Division of Infectious Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Stefan H. E. Kaufmann
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Virchowweg 12, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Center for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Alfredo M. Angeles-Boza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 97 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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47
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Nanoparticles and their antimicrobial properties against pathogens including bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses. Microb Pathog 2018; 123:505-526. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Salina EG, Huszár S, Zemanová J, Keruchenko J, Riabova O, Kazakova E, Grigorov A, Azhikina T, Kaprelyants A, Mikušová K, Makarov V. Copper-related toxicity in replicating and dormantMycobacterium tuberculosiscaused by 1-hydroxy-5-R-pyridine-2(1H)-thiones. Metallomics 2018; 10:992-1002. [DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00067k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
1-Hydroxy-5-R-pyridine-2(1H)-thiones are novel copper-dependentM. tuberculosisinhibitors that provide intracellular accumulation of toxic concentrations of copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena G. Salina
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russia
| | - Stanislav Huszár
- Comenius University in Bratislava
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Department of Biochemistry
- 84215 Bratislava
- Slovak Republic
| | - Júlia Zemanová
- Comenius University in Bratislava
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Department of Biochemistry
- 84215 Bratislava
- Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Keruchenko
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russia
| | - Olga Riabova
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russia
| | - Elena Kazakova
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russia
| | | | - Tatyana Azhikina
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Arseny Kaprelyants
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russia
| | - Katarína Mikušová
- Comenius University in Bratislava
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Department of Biochemistry
- 84215 Bratislava
- Slovak Republic
| | - Vadim Makarov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russia
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A Drug Repositioning Approach Reveals that Streptococcus mutans Is Susceptible to a Diverse Range of Established Antimicrobials and Nonantibiotics. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 62:AAC.01674-17. [PMID: 29061736 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01674-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans is the primary causative agent of dental caries and contributes to the multispecies biofilm known as dental plaque. An adenylate kinase-based assay was optimized for S. mutans to detect cell lysis when exposed to the Selleck library (Selleck Chemical, Houston, TX) of 853 FDA-approved drugs in, to our knowledge, the first high-throughput drug screen in S. mutans We found 126 drugs with activity against S. mutans planktonic cultures, and they were classified into six categories: antibacterials (61), antineoplastics (23), ion channel effectors (9), other antimicrobials (7), antifungals (6), and other (20). These drugs were also tested for activity against S. mutans biofilm cultures, and 24 compounds were found to inhibit biofilm formation, 6 killed preexisting biofilms, 84 exhibited biofilm inhibition and killing activity, and 12 had no activity against biofilms. The activities of 9 selected compounds that exhibited antimicrobial activity were further characterized for their activity against S. mutans planktonic and biofilm cultures. Together, our results suggest that S. mutans exhibits a susceptibility profile to a diverse array of established and novel antibacterials.
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Poole K. At the Nexus of Antibiotics and Metals: The Impact of Cu and Zn on Antibiotic Activity and Resistance. Trends Microbiol 2017; 25:820-832. [PMID: 28526548 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Environmental influences on antibiotic activity and resistance can wreak havoc with in vivo antibiotic efficacy and, ultimately, antimicrobial chemotherapy. In nature, bacteria encounter a variety of metal ions, particularly copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), as contaminants in soil and water, as feed additives in agriculture, as clinically-used antimicrobials, and as components of human antibacterial responses. Importantly, there is a growing body of evidence for Cu/Zn driving antibiotic resistance development in metal-exposed bacteria, owing to metal selection of genetic elements harbouring both metal and antibiotic resistance genes, and metal recruitment of antibiotic resistance mechanisms. Many classes of antibiotics also form complexes with metal cations, including Cu and Zn, and this can hinder (or enhance) antibiotic activity. This review highlights the ways in which Cu/Zn influence antibiotic resistance development and antibiotic activity, and in so doing impact in vivo antibiotic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Poole
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L 3N6.
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